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Messeha SS, Agarwal M, Gendy SG, Mehboob SB, Soliman KFA. The Anti-Obesogenic Effects of Muscadine Grapes through Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor (Cntfr) and Histamine Receptor H1 (Hrh1) Genes in 3T3-L1 Differentiated Mouse Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:1817. [PMID: 38931172 PMCID: PMC11206641 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are prevalent metabolic diseases that have significant links to several chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Muscadine grape extracts have shown the potential to reduce adiposity and improve insulin sensitivity and glucose control. Thus, this study was designed to determine the potential of muscadine grape berries extract (Pineapple and Southern Home) for its antiobesity properties in 3T3-L1 cells as a model for obesity research. The current study's data indicated the total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydraziyl (DPPH) activity were higher in cultivar (CV) Southern Home, meanwhile, elevated the total flavonoid content (TFC) in Pineapple. Both extracts were safe across the tested range (0-5 mg/mL). A noticeable reduction in lipid accumulation was also found in extract-treated cells. In preadipocytes and adipocytes, the tested extracts showed significant alterations in various genes involved in glucose homeostasis and obesity. The most remarkable findings of the current study are the upregulation of two genes, Cntfr (+712.715-fold) and Hrh1 (+270.11-fold) in CV Pineapple extract-treated adipocytes 3T3-L1 and the high fold increase in Ramp3 induced by both Pineapple and Southern Home in pre-adipose cells. Furthermore, the tested extracts showed a potential to alter the mRNA of various genes, including Zfp91, B2m, Nr3c1, Insr, Atrn, Il6ra, Hsp90ab1, Sort1, and Npy1r. In conclusion, the data generated from the current study suggested that the two extracts under investigation are considered potential candidates for controlling insulin levels and managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia S. Messeha
- College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, New Pharmacy Building, 1415 ML King Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Meenakshi Agarwal
- Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit Research, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA;
| | - Sherif G. Gendy
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Sheikh B. Mehboob
- Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit Research, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA;
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, New Pharmacy Building, 1415 ML King Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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2
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Anderson ZT, Dawson AD, Slominski AT, Harris ML. Current Insights Into the Role of Neuropeptide Y in Skin Physiology and Pathology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:838434. [PMID: 35418942 PMCID: PMC8996770 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.838434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y is widely distributed within the body and has long been implicated as a contributor to skin disease based on the correlative clinical data. However, until recently, there have been few empirical investigations to determine whether NPY has a pathophysiological role in the skin. Due to appearance-altering phenotypes of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and vitiligo, those suffering from these diseases often face multiple forms of negative social attention. This often results in psychological stress, which has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory skin diseases - creating a vicious cycle that perpetuates disease. This has been shown to drive severe depression, which has resulted in suicidal ideation being a comorbidity of these diseases. Herein, we review what is currently known about the associations of NPY with skin diseases and stress. We also review and provide educated guessing what the effects NPY can have in the skin. Inflammatory skin diseases can affect physical appearance to have significant, negative impacts on quality of life. No cure exists for these conditions, highlighting the need for identification of novel proteins/neuropetides, like NPY, that can be targeted therapeutically. This review sets the stage for future investigations into the role of NPY in skin biology and pathology to stimulate research on therapeutic targeting NPY signaling in order to combat inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya T. Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alex D. Dawson
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Melissa L. Harris
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Melissa L. Harris,
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Ackermann J, Arndt L, Kirstein M, Hobusch C, Brinker G, Klöting N, Braune J, Gericke M. Myeloid Cell-Specific IL-4 Receptor Knockout Partially Protects from Adipose Tissue Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:3081-3089. [PMID: 34789558 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-4 receptor signaling is supposed to play a major role in anti-inflammatory polarization and proliferation of adipose tissue macrophages. In this study, we examined the metabolic and inflammatory phenotype of C57BL/6J mice (IIl4ra) with LysM-dependent knockout (IIl4ra Δmyel) of the IL-4 receptor α-chain (IL-4Rα), the mandatory signaling component of IL-4 and IL-13, on chow and high-fat diet. Lean IIl4ra Δmyel mice showed decreased insulin sensitivity, no divergent adipose tissue macrophage polarization, but an increased percentage of CD8+ T cells in visceral adipose tissue. After 20 wk of a high-fat diet, IIl4ra Δmyel mice exhibited higher glucose tolerance, no changes in the lymphocyte compartment and fewer M1 macrophages in visceral adipose tissue. In vivo adipose tissue macrophage proliferation measured by BrdU incorporation was unaffected by Il4ra knockout. Interestingly, we show that IL-4Rα signaling directly augmented Itgax (Cd11c) gene expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages and increased the amount of CD11c+ macrophages in adipose tissue explants. Myeloid cell-specific knockout of Il4ra deteriorated insulin sensitivity in lean mice but improved parameters of glucose homeostasis and partially protected from adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Hence, IL-4Rα signaling probably plays a minor role in maintaining the macrophage M2 population and proliferation rates in vivo. Moreover, our data indicate that IL-4 signaling plays a proinflammatory role in adipose tissue inflammation by directly upregulating CD11c on adipose tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ackermann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilli Arndt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michaela Kirstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Georg Brinker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig; and.,Medical Department III, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Braune
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; .,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Stadiotti I, Di Bona A, Pilato CA, Scalco A, Guarino A, Micheli B, Casella M, Tondo C, Rizzo S, Pilichou K, Thiene G, Frigo AC, Pompilio G, Basso C, Sommariva E, Mongillo M, Zaglia T. Neuropeptide Y promotes adipogenesis of human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2021; 342:94-102. [PMID: 34400166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (AC) is a familial cardiac disease, mainly caused by mutations in desmosomal genes. AC hearts show fibro-fatty myocardial replacement, which favors stress-related life-threatening arrhythmias, predominantly in the young and athletes. AC lacks effective therapies, as its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, we showed that cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (cMSCs) contribute to adipose tissue in human AC hearts, although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. PURPOSE We hypothesize that the sympathetic neurotransmitter, Neuropeptide Y (NPY), participates to cMSC adipogenesis in human AC. METHODS For translation of our findings, we combined in vitro cytochemical, molecular and pharmacologic assays on human cMSCs, from myocardial biopsies of healthy controls and AC patients, with the use of existing drugs to interfere with the predicted AC mechanisms. Sympathetic innervation was inspected in human autoptic heart samples, and NPY plasma levels measured in healthy and AC subjects. RESULTS AC cMSCs expressed higher levels of pro-adipogenic isotypes of NPY-receptors (i.e. Y1-R, Y5-R). Consistently, NPY enhanced adipogenesis in AC cMSCs, which was blocked by FDA-approved Y1-R and Y5-R antagonists. AC-associated PKP2 reduction directly caused NPY-dependent adipogenesis in cMSCs. In support of the involvement of sympathetic neurons (SNs) and NPY in AC myocardial remodeling, patients had elevated NPY plasma levels and, in human AC hearts, SNs accumulated in fatty areas and were close to cMSCs. CONCLUSIONS Independently from the disease origin, AC causes in cMSCs a targetable gain of responsiveness to NPY, which leads to increased adipogenesis, thus playing a role in AC myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Di Bona
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Assunta Pilato
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy; Department of Biochemical, Surgical and Dentist Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Scalco
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Guarino
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Micheli
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Casella
- Heart Rhythm Center, Department of Clinical Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Department of Biochemical, Surgical and Dentist Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy; Heart Rhythm Center, Department of Clinical Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Pilichou
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Frigo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy; Department of Biochemical, Surgical and Dentist Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy.
| | - Tania Zaglia
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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5
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Braune J, Lindhorst A, Fröba J, Hobusch C, Kovacs P, Blüher M, Eilers J, Bechmann I, Gericke M. Multinucleated Giant Cells in Adipose Tissue Are Specialized in Adipocyte Degradation. Diabetes 2021; 70:538-548. [PMID: 33158932 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation of visceral adipose tissue (AT) characterized by an increasing number of AT macrophages (ATMs) and linked to type 2 diabetes. AT inflammation is histologically indicated by the formation of so-called crown-like structures, as ATMs accumulate around dying adipocytes, and the occurrence of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). However, to date, the function of MGCs in obesity is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize MGCs in AT and unravel the function of these cells. We demonstrated that MGCs occurred in obese patients and after 24 weeks of a high-fat diet in mice, accompanying signs of AT inflammation and then representing ∼3% of ATMs in mice. Mechanistically, we found evidence that adipocyte death triggered MGC formation. Most importantly, MGCs in obese AT had a higher capacity to phagocytize oversized particles, such as adipocytes, as shown by live imaging of AT, 45-µm bead uptake ex vivo, and higher lipid content in vivo. Finally, we showed that interleukin-4 treatment was sufficient to increase the number of MGCs in AT, whereas other factors may be more important for endogenous MGC formation in vivo. Most importantly, our data suggest that MGCs are specialized for clearance of dead adipocytes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Braune
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Lindhorst
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Fröba
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Eilers
- Carl-Ludwig Institute of Physiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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6
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A compendium of G-protein-coupled receptors and cyclic nucleotide regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:473-512. [PMID: 32149342 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing burden of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, it is generally acknowledged that there remains a need for developing new therapeutics. One potential mechanism to combat obesity is to raise energy expenditure via increasing the amount of uncoupled respiration from the mitochondria-rich brown and beige adipocytes. With the recent appreciation of thermogenic adipocytes in humans, much effort is being made to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate the browning of adipose tissue. In this review, we focus on the ligand-receptor signaling pathways that influence the cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, in adipocytes. We chose to focus on G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase regulation of adipocytes because they are the targets of a large proportion of all currently available therapeutics. Furthermore, there is a large overlap in their signaling pathways, as signaling events that raise cAMP or cGMP generally increase adipocyte lipolysis and cause changes that are commonly referred to as browning: increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and respiration.
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7
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Schopow N, Kallendrusch S, Gong S, Rapp F, Körfer J, Gericke M, Spindler N, Josten C, Langer S, Bechmann I. Examination of ex-vivo viability of human adipose tissue slice culture. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233152. [PMID: 32453755 PMCID: PMC7250419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with significantly higher mortality rates, and excess adipose tissue is involved in respective pathologies. Here we established a human adipose tissue slice cultures (HATSC) model ex vivo. HATSC match the in vivo cell composition of human adipose tissue with, among others, mature adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells as well as stroma tissue and immune cells. This is a new method, optimized for live imaging, to study adipose tissue and cell-based mechanisms of obesity in particular. HATSC survival was tested by means of conventional and immunofluorescence histological techniques, functional analyses and live imaging. Surgery-derived tissue was cut with a tissue chopper in 500 μm sections and transferred onto membranes building an air-liquid interface. HATSC were cultured in six-well plates filled with Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), insulin, transferrin, and selenium, both with and without serum. After 0, 1, 7 and 14 days in vitro, slices were fixated and analyzed by morphology and Perilipin A for tissue viability. Immunofluorescent staining against IBA1, CD68 and Ki67 was performed to determine macrophage survival and proliferation. These experiments showed preservation of adipose tissue as well as survival and proliferation of monocytes and stroma tissue for at least 14 days in vitro even in the absence of serum. The physiological capabilities of adipocytes were functionally tested by insulin stimulation and measurement of Phospho-Akt on day 7 and 14 in vitro. Viability was further confirmed by live imaging using Calcein-AM (viable cells) and propidium iodide (apoptosis/necrosis). In conclusion, HATSC have been successfully established by preserving the monovacuolar form of adipocytes and surrounding macrophages and connective tissue. This model allows further analysis of mature human adipose tissue biology ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Schopow
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Siming Gong
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Justus Körfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nick Spindler
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Josten
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Langer
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Wittrisch S, Klöting N, Mörl K, Chakaroun R, Blüher M, Beck-Sickinger AG. NPY 1R-targeted peptide-mediated delivery of a dual PPARα/γ agonist to adipocytes enhances adipogenesis and prevents diabetes progression. Mol Metab 2019; 31:163-180. [PMID: 31918918 PMCID: PMC6931124 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective PPARα/γ dual agonists have been in clinical development for the treatment of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, severe adverse side effects led to complications in clinical trials. As most of the beneficial effects rely on the compound activity in adipocytes, the selective targeting of this cell type is a cutting-edge strategy to develop safe anti-diabetic drugs. The goal of this study was to strengthen the adipocyte-specific uptake of the PPARα/γ agonist tesaglitazar via NPY1R-mediated internalization. Methods NPY1R-preferring peptide tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY (tesa-NPY) was synthesized by a combination of automated SPPS and manual couplings. Following molecular and functional analyses for proof of concept, cell culture experiments were conducted to monitor the effects on adipogenesis. Mice treated with peptide drug conjugates or vehicle either by gavage or intraperitoneal injection were characterized phenotypically and metabolically. Histological analysis and transcriptional profiling of the adipose tissue were performed. Results In vitro studies revealed that the tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY conjugate selectively activates PPARγ in NPY1R-expressing cells and enhances adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression in adipocyte precursor cells. In vivo studies using db/db mice demonstrated that the anti-diabetic activity of the peptide conjugate is as efficient as that of systemically administered tesaglitazar. Additionally, tesa-NPY induces adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Conclusions The use of the tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY conjugate is a promising strategy to apply the beneficial PPARα/γ effects in adipocytes while potentially omitting adverse effects in other tissues. Tesaglitazar-NPY targets adipocytes via NPY1R receptor-mediated internalization. Peptide-drug conjugate is specifically delivered to NPY1R-expressing cells. Release of tesaglitazar in adipocytes activates PPARγ. Drug delivery enhances adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression. Peptide conjugate exhibits antidiabetic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wittrisch
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karin Mörl
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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9
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Tudurí E, Imbernon M, Hernández-Bautista RJ, Tojo M, Fernø J, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R. GPR55: a new promising target for metabolism? J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R191-R202. [PMID: 28196832 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GPR55 is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that has been identified as a new cannabinoid receptor. Given the wide localization of GPR55 in brain and peripheral tissues, this receptor has emerged as a regulator of multiple biological actions. Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is generally accepted as the endogenous ligand of GPR55. In this review, we will focus on the role of GPR55 in energy balance and glucose metabolism. We will summarize its actions on feeding, nutrient partitioning, gastrointestinal motility and insulin secretion in preclinical models and the scarce data available in humans. The potential of GPR55 to become a new pharmaceutical target to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as the foreseeing difficulties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tudurí
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS)CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS)CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of PhysiologyCIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rene Javier Hernández-Bautista
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS)CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of PhysiologyCIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Tojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS)CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of PhysiologyCIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Department of Clinical ScienceKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS)CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of PhysiologyCIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS)CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of PhysiologyCIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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10
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Braune J, Weyer U, Hobusch C, Mauer J, Brüning JC, Bechmann I, Gericke M. IL-6 Regulates M2 Polarization and Local Proliferation of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2927-2934. [PMID: 28193830 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue (AT) and an increase of AT macrophages (ATMs) that is linked to the onset of type 2 diabetes. We have recently shown that focal sites of inflammation around dying adipocytes, so-called crown-like structures, exhibit a unique microenvironment for macrophage proliferation. Interestingly, locally proliferating macrophages were not classically activated (M1), but they exhibited a rather alternatively activated (M2) immune phenotype. In this study, we established organotypic cell cultures of AT explants to study the impact of cytokine treatment on local ATM proliferation, without the bias of early monocyte recruitment. We show that exposure of AT to Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13, and GM-CSF, stimulates ATM proliferation, whereas Th1 cytokines, such as TNF-α, inhibit local ATM proliferation. Furthermore, AT from obese mice exhibits an increased sensitivity to IL-4 stimulation, indicated by an increased phosphorylation of STAT6. In line with this, gene expression of the IL-4 receptor (Il4ra) and its ligand IL-13 are elevated in AT of obese C57BL/6 mice. Most importantly, Il4ra expression and susceptibility to IL-4 or IL-13 treatment depend on IL-6 signaling, which seems to be the underlying mechanism of local ATM proliferation in obesity. We conclude that IL-6 acts as a Th2 cytokine in obesity by stimulating M2 polarization and local ATM proliferation, presumably due to upregulation of the IL-4 receptor α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Braune
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Weyer
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jan Mauer
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04317 Leipzig, Germany;
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11
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El Bekay R, Coín-Aragüez L, Fernández-García D, Oliva-Olivera W, Bernal-López R, Clemente-Postigo M, Delgado-Lista J, Diaz-Ruiz A, Guzman-Ruiz R, Vázquez-Martínez R, Lhamyani S, Roca-Rodríguez MM, Veledo SF, Vendrell J, Malagón MM, Tinahones FJ. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on the differentiation and metabolism of human adipocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1820-34. [PMID: 26993859 PMCID: PMC4867741 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and cause weight loss in obese subjects by as yet unknown mechanisms. We recently demonstrated that the GLP-1 receptor, which is present in adipocytes and the stromal vascular fraction of human adipose tissue (AT), is up-regulated in AT of insulin-resistant morbidly obese subjects compared with healthy lean subjects. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of in vitro and in vivo administration of GLP-1 and its analogues on AT and adipocyte functions from T2D morbidly obese subjects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We analysed the effects of GLP-1 on human AT and isolated adipocytes in vitro and the effects of GLP-1 mimetics on AT of morbidly obese T2D subjects in vivo. KEY RESULTS GLP-1 down-regulated the expression of lipogenic genes when administered during in vitro differentiation of human adipocytes from morbidly obese patients. GLP-1 also decreased the expression of adipogenic/lipogenic genes in AT explants and mature adipocytes, while increasing that of lipolytic markers and adiponectin. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GLP-1 decreased free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). GLP-1-induced responses were only partially blocked by GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin (9–39). Moreover, administration of exenatide or liraglutide reduced adipogenic and inflammatory marker mRNA in AT of T2D obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that the beneficial effects of GLP-1 are associated with changes in the adipogenic potential and ability of AT to expand, via activation of the canonical GLP-1 receptor and an additional, as yet unknown, receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa El Bekay
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Leticia Coín-Aragüez
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Fernández-García
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa Bernal-López
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Medicine, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/Universidad de Cordoba, CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Guzman-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/Universidad de Cordoba, CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/Universidad de Cordoba, CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Said Lhamyani
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Mar Roca-Rodríguez
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Joan Vendrell
- CIBERDEM, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Pere Virgili Institute, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/Universidad de Cordoba, CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
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12
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Zhang W, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Hypothalamus-adipose tissue crosstalk: neuropeptide Y and the regulation of energy metabolism. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:27. [PMID: 24959194 PMCID: PMC4066284 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an orexigenic neuropeptide that plays a role in regulating adiposity by promoting energy storage in white adipose tissue and inhibiting brown adipose tissue activation in mammals. This review describes mechanisms underlying NPY's effects on adipose tissue energy metabolism, with an emphasis on cellular proliferation, adipogenesis, lipid deposition, and lipolysis in white adipose tissue, and brown fat activation and thermogenesis. In general, NPY promotes adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, leading to energy storage in adipose tissue, with effects mediated mainly through NPY receptor sub-types 1 and 2. This review highlights hypothalamus-sympathetic nervous system-adipose tissue innervation and adipose tissue-hypothalamus feedback loops as pathways underlying these effects. Potential sources of NPY that mediate adipose effects include the bloodstream, sympathetic nerve terminals that innervate the adipose tissue, as well as adipose tissue-derived cells. Understanding the role of central vs. peripherally-derived NPY in whole-body energy balance could shed light on mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of obesity. This information may provide some insight into searching for alternative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- 3200 Litton-Reaves, Animal & Poultry Sciences Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- 3200 Litton-Reaves, Animal & Poultry Sciences Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- 3200 Litton-Reaves, Animal & Poultry Sciences Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA
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13
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Rosmaninho-Salgado J, Cortez V, Estrada M, Santana MM, Gonçalves A, Marques AP, Cavadas C. Intracellular mechanisms coupled to NPY Y2 and Y5 receptor activation and lipid accumulation in murine adipocytes. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:359-66. [PMID: 22981159 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of adipose tissue is a process that includes the pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation to adipocytes that are cells specialized in lipid accumulation. The adipocyte differentiation is a process driven by the coordinated expression of various transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) induces adipocyte proliferation and differentiation but the NPY receptors and the intracellular pathways involved in these processes are still not clear. In the present work we studied the role of NPY receptors and the intracellular pathways involved in the stimulatory effect of NPY on lipid accumulation. The murine pre-adipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1, was used as a cell model. Adipogenesis was evaluated by quantifying lipid accumulation by Oil red-O assay and by analyzing PPAR-γ expression using the Western blotting assay. Adipocytes were incubated with NPY (100nM) and a decrease on lipid accumulation and PPAR-γ expression was observed in the presence of NPY Y(2) receptor antagonist (BIIE0246, 1μM) or NPY Y(5) antagonist. Furthermore, NPY Y(2) (NPY(3-36), 100nM) or NPY Y(5) (NPY(19-23)(GLY(1), Ser(3), Gln(4), Thr(6), Ala(31), Aib(32), Gln(34)) PP, 100nM) receptor agonists increased lipid accumulation and PPAR-γ expression. We further investigate the intracellular pathways associated with NPY Y(2) and NPY Y(5) receptor activation. Our results show NPY induces PPAR-γ expression and lipid accumulation through NPY Y(2) and NPY Y(5) receptors activation. PKC and PLC inhibitors inhibit lipid accumulation induced by NPY Y(5) receptor agonist. Moreover, our results suggest that lipid accumulation induced by NPY Y(2) receptor activation occurs through PKA, MAPK and PI3K pathways. In conclusion, this study contributes to a step forward on the knowledge of intracellular mechanisms associated with NPY receptors activation on adipocytes and contributes to a better understanding and the development of new therapeutic targets for obesity treatment.
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14
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Neuropeptide Y potentiates beta-adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 178:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Rosmaninho-Salgado J, Marques AP, Estrada M, Santana M, Cortez V, Grouzmann E, Cavadas C. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV by cleaving neuropeptide Y induces lipid accumulation and PPAR-γ expression. Peptides 2012; 37:49-54. [PMID: 22819773 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV), and its inhibitor, vildagliptin, on adipogenesis and lipolysis in a pre-adipocyte murine cell line (3T3-L1). The exogenous rDPPIV increased lipid accumulation and PPAR-γ expression, whereas an inhibitor of DPPIV, the anti-diabetic drug vildagliptin, suppresses the stimulatory role of DPPIV on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, but had no effect on lipolysis. NPY immunoneutralization or NPY Y(2) receptor blockage inhibited DPPIV stimulatory effects on lipid accumulation, collectively, indicating that DPPIV has an adipogenic effect through NPY cleavage and subsequent NPY Y(2) activation. Vildagliptin inhibits PPAR-γ expression and lipid accumulation without changing lipolysis, suggesting that this does not impair the ability of adipose tissue to store triglycerides inside lipid droplets. These data indicate that DPPIV and NPY interact on lipid metabolism to promote adipose tissue depot.
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16
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Díaz-Arteaga A, Vázquez MJ, Vazquez-Martínez R, Pulido MR, Suarez J, Velásquez DA, López M, Ross RA, de Fonseca FR, Bermudez-Silva FJ, Malagón MM, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R. The atypical cannabinoid O-1602 stimulates food intake and adiposity in rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:234-43. [PMID: 21981246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cannabinoids are known to control energy homeostasis. Atypical cannabinoids produce pharmacological effects via unidentified targets. We sought to investigate whether the atypical cannabinoid O-1602 controls food intake and body weight. METHODS The rats were injected acutely or subchronically with O-1602, and the expression of several factors involved in adipocyte metabolism was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In vivo findings were corroborated with in vitro studies incubating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with O-1602, and measuring intracellular calcium and lipid accumulation. Finally, as some reports suggest that O-1602 is an agonist of the putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55, we tested it in mice lacking GPR55. RESULTS Central and peripheral administration of O-1602 acutely stimulates food intake, and chronically increases adiposity. The hyperphagic action of O-1602 is mediated by the downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of the anorexigenic neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. The effects on fat mass are independent of food intake, and involve a decrease in the expression of lipolytic enzymes such as hormone sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase in white adipose tissue. Consistently, in vitro data showed that O-1602 increased the levels of intracellular calcium and lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Finally, we injected O-1602 in GPR55 -/- mice and found that O-1602 was able to induce feeding behaviour in GPR55-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that O-1602 modulates food intake and adiposity independently of GPR55 receptor. Thus atypical cannabinoids may represent a novel class of molecules involved in energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Díaz-Arteaga
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
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17
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Catalán V, Whyte L, Díaz-Arteaga A, Vázquez-Martínez R, Rotellar F, Guzmán R, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Pulido MR, Russell WR, Imbernón M, Ross RA, Malagón MM, Dieguez C, Fernández-Real JM, Frühbeck G, Nogueiras R. The L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol/GPR55 system and its potential role in human obesity. Diabetes 2012; 61:281-91. [PMID: 22179809 PMCID: PMC3266411 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GPR55 is a putative cannabinoid receptor, and l-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is its only known endogenous ligand. We investigated 1) whether GPR55 is expressed in fat and liver; 2) the correlation of both GPR55 and LPI with several metabolic parameters; and 3) the actions of LPI on human adipocytes. We analyzed CB1, CB2, and GPR55 gene expression and circulating LPI levels in two independent cohorts of obese and lean subjects, with both normal or impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Ex vivo experiments were used to measure intracellular calcium and lipid accumulation. GPR55 levels were augmented in the adipose tissue of obese subjects and further so in obese patients with type 2 diabetes when compared with nonobese subjects. Visceral adipose tissue GPR55 correlated positively with weight, BMI, and percent fat mass, particularly in women. Hepatic GPR55 gene expression was similar in obese and type 2 diabetic subjects. Circulating LPI levels were increased in obese patients and correlated with fat percentage and BMI in women. LPI increased the expression of lipogenic genes in visceral adipose tissue explants and intracellular calcium in differentiated visceral adipocytes. These findings indicate that the LPI/GPR55 system is positively associated with obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona Catalonia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Girona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lauren Whyte
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
| | - Adenis Díaz-Arteaga
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Rotellar
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocío Guzmán
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marina R. Pulido
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
| | - Mónica Imbernón
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruth A. Ross
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
| | - María M. Malagón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona Catalonia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Girona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Corresponding author: Ruben Nogueiras,
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Gericke MT, Schröder T, Kosacka J, Nowicki M, Klöting N, Spanel-Borowski K. Neuropeptide Y impairs insulin-stimulated translocation of glucose transporter 4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the Y1 receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:27-32. [PMID: 21801810 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is expressed in adipose tissue and is involved in adipocyte metabolism. Although NPY impacts on glucose utilization in vivo, the underlying cellular mechanism is yet to be fully elucidated. In this study we investigated the effect of NPY on the insulin-stimulated translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from intracellular stores to the cell surface in vitro. Using cellular fractionation and immunofluorescence we analyzed the cellular localization and content of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally we investigated the effect of NPY on insulin action in adipocyte cultures by assessing the phosphorylation of Akt and [(3)H]-deoxyglucose uptake. Our data suggest that in 3T3-L1 adipocytes NPY inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in a GLUT4-dependent manner. The insulin induced translocation of GLUT4 was attenuated by the Y1 receptor agonist [Phe(7),Pro(34)] pNPY, demonstrating an essential role of the Y1 receptor in GLUT4 translocation. Additionally, we observed an NPY dose-dependent impairment of Akt phosphorylation. This study provides evidence that NPY impairs the insulin sensitivity of adipocytes and suggests that the Y1 receptor could be a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Kosacka J, Schröder T, Bechmann I, Klöting N, Nowicki M, Mittag A, Gericke M, Spanel-Borowski K, Blüher M. PACAP up-regulates the expression of apolipoprotein D in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DRG/3T3-L1 co-cultures study. Neurosci Res 2010; 69:8-16. [PMID: 20920539 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The existence of a cross-talk between nerves and fatty tissue is increasingly recognized. Using co-cultures of dorsal root ganglion (DRG)-derived cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we have previously shown that the presence of fat cells enhances neurite outgrowth and number of synapses. Vice versa, neural cells induced expression of neurotrophic adipokines apolipoprotein D and E (ApoD, ApoE) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) by adipocytes. Here, we tested whether pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), which is released by sensory fibres and causes Ca(2+) influx into fat cells, is involved in ApoD induction. Using 3T3-L1 cell cultures, we found that PACAP at a dose of 1 nM up-regulated the expression of ApoD protein and mRNA approx. 2.5 fold. This effect was driven by ERK1/2 acting upon PAC1/VPAC2 receptors. In turn, PACAP-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in co-cultures with DRG cells enhanced neurite ramification of neurofilament 200 (NF200)-positive neurons (measured using fluorescence microscopy) and neurofilament 68 protein levels (measured using Western blot analysis). This effect could be blocked using the PAC1/VPAC2 antagonist PACAP(6-38). Scanning cytometry revealed PACAP/ApoD induced low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) and ApoE receptor 2 (apoER2) in NF200-positive cells. Thus, a bidirectional loop seems to exist regulating the innervation of fatty tissues: PACAP released from sensory fibres might stimulate fat cells to synthesize neurotrophic adipokines, which, in turn, support peripheral innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kosacka
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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