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Lee JY, Song MS, Yoo SY, Jang JH, Lee D, Jung YC, Ahn WY, Choi JS. Multimodal-based machine learning approach to classify features of internet gaming disorder and alcohol use disorder: A sensor-level and source-level resting-state electroencephalography activity and neuropsychological study. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 130:152460. [PMID: 38335572 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Addictions have recently been classified as substance use disorder (SUD) and behavioral addiction (BA), but the concept of BA is still debatable. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further neuroscientific research to understand the mechanisms of BA to the same extent as SUD. The present study used machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate the neuropsychological and neurophysiological aspects of addictions in individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS We developed three models for distinguishing individuals with IGD from those with AUD, individuals with IGD from healthy controls (HCs), and individuals with AUD from HCs using ML algorithms, including L1-norm support vector machine, random forest, and L1-norm logistic regression (LR). Three distinct feature sets were used for model training: a unimodal-electroencephalography (EEG) feature set combined with sensor- and source-level feature; a unimodal-neuropsychological feature (NF) set included sex, age, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and general cognitive function, and a multimodal (EEG + NF) feature set. RESULTS The LR model with the multimodal feature set used for the classification of IGD and AUD outperformed the other models (accuracy: 0.712). The important features selected by the model highlighted that the IGD group had differential delta and beta source connectivity between right intrahemispheric regions and distinct sensor-level EEG activities. Among the NFs, sex and age were the important features for good model performance. CONCLUSIONS Using ML techniques, we demonstrated the neurophysiological and neuropsychological similarities and differences between IGD (a BA) and AUD (a SUD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Seop Song
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokjong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Huang MC, Tu HY, Chung RH, Kuo HW, Liu TH, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Liu YL. Changes of neurofilament light chain in patients with alcohol dependence following withdrawal and the genetic effect from ALDH2 Polymorphism. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:423-432. [PMID: 37314537 PMCID: PMC10719424 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NFL), as a measure of neuroaxonal injury, has recently gained attention in alcohol dependence (AD). Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the major enzyme which metabolizes the alcohol breakdown product acetaldehyde. An ALDH2 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs671) is associated with less ALDH2 enzyme activity and increased neurotoxicity. We examined the blood NFL levels in 147 patients with AD and 114 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and genotyped rs671. We also followed NFL level, alcohol craving and psychological symptoms in patients with AD after 1 and 2 weeks of detoxification. We found the baseline NFL level was significantly higher in patients with AD than in controls (mean ± SD: 264.2 ± 261.8 vs. 72.1 ± 35.6 pg/mL, p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that NFL concentration could discriminate patients with AD from controls (area under the curve: 0.85; p < 0.001). The NFL levels were significantly reduced following 1 and 2 weeks of detoxification, with the extent of reduction correlated with the improvement of craving, depression, and anxiety (p < 0.001). Carriers with the rs671 GA genotype, which is associated with less ALDH2 activity, had higher NLF levels either at baseline or after detoxification compared with GG carriers. In conclusion, plasma NFL level was increased in patients with AD and reduced after early abstinence. Reduction in NFL level corroborated well with the improvement of clinical symptoms. The ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism may play a role in modulating the extent of neuroaxonal injury and its recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yuan Tu
- Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Kuo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hsia Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Shen G, Wu Y, Wang K, Niculescu M, Liu Y, Kang Y, Luo X, Wang W, Chen YH, Liu Y, Wang F, Chen L. Impulsivity and aggression in alcohol withdrawal syndrome is modulated by the interaction of ZNF804A and mTOR polymorphism. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 236:173708. [PMID: 38216065 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a poorly studied phenotype of alcohol use disorder. Understanding the relationship between allelic interactions and AWS-related impulsivity and aggression could have significant implications. This study aimed to investigate the main and interacting effects of ZNF804A and mTOR on impulsivity and aggression during alcohol withdrawal. 446 Chinese Han adult males with alcohol dependence were included in the study. Impulsivity and aggression were assessed, and genomic DNA was genotyped. Single gene analysis showed that ZNF804A rs1344706 (A allele/CC homozygote) and mTOR rs1057079 (C allele/TT homozygote) were strongly associated with AWS-related impulsivity and aggression. In the allelic group, MANOVA revealed a significant gene x gene interaction, suggesting that risk varied systematically depending on both ZNF804A and mTOR alleles. Additionally, a significant interactive effect of ZNF804A rs1344706 and mTOR rs7525957 was found on motor impulsivity and physical aggression, and the ZNF804A rs1344706 gene variant had significant effects on motor impulsivity and physical aggression only in mTOR rs7525957 TT homozygous carriers. The study showed that specific allelic combinations of ZNF804A and mTOR may have protective or risk-enhancing effects on AWS-related impulsivity and aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Shen
- Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325006, China; School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuyu Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | | | - Yuqing Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Fontesse S, Creupelandt C, Bollen Z, Pabst A, Maurage P. Metadehumanization, fundamental needs and coping strategies: A comparison of drinkers at low versus high risk of alcohol use disorder. Alcohol 2024; 115:61-67. [PMID: 37774958 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The interpersonal difficulties documented in chronic excessive drinking might foster the progression toward severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD). Characterizing these interpersonal difficulties and their commonalities with patients already presenting a diagnosed SAUD is needed to develop targeted prophylactic interventions. Patients with SAUD present metadehumanization (i.e., the perception of being considered as less than human by others), which is associated with deleterious consequences (e.g., reduced fundamental needs satisfaction, increased negative emotions, reduced self-esteem, disrupted coping strategies) involved in the persistence of this disorder. No study has investigated metadehumanization among individuals not diagnosed with SAUD but at high risk of alcohol use disorder. We measured metadehumanization, emotions, self-esteem, coping strategies, and fundamental needs threat among such high-risk drinkers (N = 86; AUDIT score higher than 15), and matched low-risk drinkers (N = 100, AUDIT score <8). Compared to low-risk drinkers, high-risk drinkers felt more dehumanized and reported increased fundamental needs threat, negative emotions, anxiety, depression, and more frequent use of both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, including alcohol use. Mediation analyses controlling for anxiety/depression revealed that the differences in emotions and coping strategies were explained by metadehumanization and fundamental needs threat. Despite not being diagnosed with SAUD and being untreated, high-risk drinkers are more similar to patients with SAUD than to low-risk drinkers. In view of its links with factors favoring SAUD, metadehumanization should be considered in experimental studies among high-risk drinkers and treated by specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullivan Fontesse
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place C. Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Coralie Creupelandt
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place C. Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zoé Bollen
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place C. Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arthur Pabst
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place C. Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place C. Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Le T, Oba T, Couch L, McInerney L, Li CS. Deficits in proactive avoidance and neural responses to drinking motives in problem drinkers. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3924584. [PMID: 38405986 PMCID: PMC10889056 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3924584/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Physical pain and negative emotions represent two distinct drinking motives that contribute to harmful alcohol use. Proactive avoidance which can reduce problem drinking in response to these motives appears to be impaired in problem drinkers. However, proactive avoidance and its underlying neural deficits have not been assessed experimentally. How these deficits inter-relate with drinking motives to influence alcohol use also remains unclear. The current study leveraged neuroimaging data collected in forty-one problem and forty-one social drinkers who performed a probabilistic learning go/nogo task that involved proactive avoidance of painful outcomes. We characterized the regional brain responses to proactive avoidance and identified the neural correlates of drinking to avoid physical pain and negative emotions. Behavioral results confirmed problem drinkers' proactive avoidance deficits in learning rate and performance accuracy, both which were associated with greater alcohol use. Imaging findings in problem drinkers showed that negative emotions as a drinking motive predicted attenuated right insula activation during proactive avoidance. In contrast, physical pain motive predicted reduced right putamen response. These regions' activations as well as functional connectivity with the somatomotor cortex also demonstrated a negative relationship with drinking severity and positive relationship with proactive avoidance performance. Path modeling further delineated the pathways through which physical pain and negative emotions, along with alcohol use severity, influenced the neural and behavioral measures of proactive avoidance. Taken together, the current findings provide experimental evidence for proactive avoidance deficits in problem drinkers and establish the link between their neural underpinnings and alcohol misuse.
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Powell A, Sumnall H, Smith J, Kuiper R, Montgomery C. Recovery of neuropsychological function following abstinence from alcohol in adults diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder: Systematic review of longitudinal studies. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296043. [PMID: 38166127 PMCID: PMC10760842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorders (AUD) associate with structural and functional brain differences, including impairments in neuropsychological function; however, reviews (mostly cross-sectional) are inconsistent with regards to recovery of such functions following abstinence. Recovery is important, as these impairments associate with treatment outcomes and quality of life. OBJECTIVE(S) To assess neuropsychological function recovery following abstinence in individuals with a clinical AUD diagnosis. The secondary objective was to assess predictors of neuropsychological recovery in AUD. METHODS Following the preregistered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022308686), APA PsycInfo, EBSCO MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched between 1999-2022. Study reporting follows the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis, study quality was assessed using the JBI Checklist for Cohort Studies. Eligible studies were those with a longitudinal design that assessed neuropsychological recovery following abstinence from alcohol in adults with a clinical diagnosis of AUD. Studies were excluded if participant group was defined by another or co-morbid condition/injury, or by relapse. Recovery was defined as function reaching 'normal' performance. RESULTS Sixteen studies (AUD n = 783, controls n = 390) were selected for narrative synthesis. Most functions demonstrated recovery within 6-12 months, including sub-domains within attention, executive function, perception, and memory, though basic processing speed and working memory updating/tracking recovered earlier. Additionally, verbal fluency was not impaired at baseline (while verbal function was not assessed compared to normal levels), and concept formation and reasoning recovery was inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that recovery of most functions is possible. While overall robustness of results was good, methodological limitations included lack of control groups, additional methods to self-report to confirm abstinence, description/control for attrition, statistical control of confounds, and of long enough study durations to capture change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Powell
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Sumnall
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Public Health Institute, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Smith
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Public Health Institute, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Kuiper
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine Montgomery
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Oot EN, Sawyer KS, Oscar-Berman M, Luhar RB, Jensen JE, Silveri MM. Anterior cingulate metabolite levels, memory, and inhibitory control in abstinent men and women with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:578-588. [PMID: 37738108 PMCID: PMC10642606 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been shown to have harmful cognitive and physiological effects, including altered brain chemistry. Further, although men and women may differ in vulnerability to the neurobiological effects of AUD, the results of existing studies have been conflicting. We examined brain metabolite levels and cognitive functions in a cross-section of men with AUD (AUDm) and women with AUD (AUDw) to determine the degree of abnormalities after extended periods of abstinence (mean, 6 years) and to evaluate gender differences in neuropsychological and metabolite measures. Participants were 40 abstinent individuals with AUD (22 AUDw, 18 AUDm) and 50 age-equivalent non-AUD comparison participants (26 NCw, 24 NCm). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was employed at 3 Tesla to acquire metabolite spectra from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Brain metabolites N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo-Inositol (mI), and glutamate & glutamine (Glx) were examined relative to measures of memory and inhibitory control. Metabolite levels did not differ significantly between AUD and NC groups. Memory and inhibitory-control impairments were observed in the AUD group. There also were significant group-specific associations between metabolite ratios and measures of inhibitory control. There were no group-by-gender interactions for the four metabolite ratios. These findings demonstrate that brain metabolite levels in men and women with AUD, following long-term abstinence, do not differ from individuals without AUD. The data also provide preliminary evidence of sustained associations between metabolite levels and measures of inhibitory control, a functional domain important for curtailing harmful drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Oot
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Kayle S Sawyer
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 So. Huntington Ave., 151B, Boston, MA 02130, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Sawyer Scientific, LLC, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 So. Huntington Ave., 151B, Boston, MA 02130, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Riya B Luhar
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 So. Huntington Ave., 151B, Boston, MA 02130, United States
| | - J E Jensen
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Marisa M Silveri
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Coulter OR, Walker CD, Risher ML. Astrocyte-specific Ca 2+ activity: Mechanisms of action, experimental tools, and roles in ethanol-induced dysfunction. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:410-421. [PMID: 36989534 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are a subtype of non-neuronal glial cells that reside in the central nervous system. Astrocytes have extensive peripheral astrocytic processes that ensheathe synapses to form the tripartite synapse. Through a multitude of pathways, astrocytes can influence synaptic development and structural maturation, respond to neuronal signals, and modulate synaptic transmission. Over the last decade, strong evidence has emerged demonstrating that astrocytes can influence behavioral outcomes in various animal models of cognition. However, the full extent of how astrocytes influence brain function is still being revealed. Astrocyte calcium (Ca2+) signaling has emerged as an important driver of astrocyte-neuronal communication allowing intricate crosstalk through mechanisms that are still not fully understood. Here, we will review the field's current understanding of astrocyte Ca2+ signaling and discuss the sophisticated state-of-the-art tools and approaches used to continue unraveling astrocytes' interesting role in brain function. Using the field of pre-clinical ethanol (EtOH) studies in the context of alcohol use disorder, we focus on how these novel approaches have helped to reveal an important role for astrocyte Ca2+ function in regulating EtOH consumption and how astrocyte Ca2+ dysfunction contributes to the cognitive deficits that emerge after EtOH exposure in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Coulter
- Department of Biomedical Research, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - C D Walker
- Department of Biomedical Research, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Hershel 'Woody' Williams Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
| | - M-L Risher
- Department of Biomedical Research, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Hershel 'Woody' Williams Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
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Han J, Keedy S, de Wit H. Stimulant-like subjective effects of alcohol are not related to resting-state connectivity in healthy men. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9478-9488. [PMID: 37339883 PMCID: PMC10656944 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in subjective, stimulant-like effects of alcohol are associated with the risk of developing alcohol use disorder. Specifically, individuals who experience more pronounced stimulant-like effects from alcohol are more likely to continue and escalate their usage. The neural basis for these individual differences in subjective response is not yet known. Using a within-subject design, 27 healthy male social drinkers completed three fMRI scans after ingesting a placebo, 0.4 and 0.8 g/kg alcohol, in a randomized order under double-blind conditions. Subjective stimulant effects of alcohol were assessed at regular intervals during each session. Seed-based and regional homogeneity analyses were conducted to evaluate changes in resting-state functional connectivity in relation to the stimulant effect of alcohol. Results indicated that 0.4 g/kg alcohol increased the connectivity to thalamus, and 0.8 g/kg alcohol decreased the connectivity to ventral anterior insula, primarily from the superior parietal lobule. Both doses reduced regional homogeneity in the superior parietal lobule but without an exact overlap with clusters showing connectivity changes in the seed-based analyses. The self-reported stimulant effect of alcohol was not significantly related to changes in seed-based connectivity or regional homogeneity. These findings suggest that alcohol-induced stimulation effects are not related to these indices of neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Han
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Sarah Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
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Pérez-Cervera L, De Santis S, Marcos E, Ghorbanzad-Ghaziany Z, Trouvé-Carpena A, Selim MK, Pérez-Ramírez Ú, Pfarr S, Bach P, Halli P, Kiefer F, Moratal D, Kirsch P, Sommer WH, Canals S. Alcohol-induced damage to the fimbria/fornix reduces hippocampal-prefrontal cortex connection during early abstinence. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:101. [PMID: 37344865 PMCID: PMC10286362 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol dependence is characterized by a gradual reduction in cognitive control and inflexibility to contingency changes. The neuroadaptations underlying this aberrant behavior are poorly understood. Using an animal model of alcohol use disorders (AUD) and complementing diffusion-weighted (dw)-MRI with quantitative immunohistochemistry and electrophysiological recordings, we provide causal evidence that chronic intermittent alcohol exposure affects the microstructural integrity of the fimbria/fornix, decreasing myelin basic protein content, and reducing the effective communication from the hippocampus (HC) to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Using a simple quantitative neural network model, we show how disturbed HC-PFC communication may impede the extinction of maladaptive memories, decreasing flexibility. Finally, combining dw-MRI and psychometric data in AUD patients, we discovered an association between the magnitude of microstructural alteration in the fimbria/fornix and the reduction in cognitive flexibility. Overall, these findings highlight the vulnerability of the fimbria/fornix microstructure in AUD and its potential contribution to alcohol pathophysiology. Fimbria vulnerability to alcohol underlies hippocampal-prefrontal cortex dysfunction and correlates with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Cervera
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Silvia De Santis
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Encarni Marcos
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Zahra Ghorbanzad-Ghaziany
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
- Radiation Science and Biomedical Imaging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alejandro Trouvé-Carpena
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mohamed Kotb Selim
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Úrsula Pérez-Ramírez
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Simone Pfarr
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Halli
- Department of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Moratal
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain.
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11
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Ward R, Roderique-Davies G, Hughes H, Heirene R, Newstead S, John B. Alcohol-related brain damage: A mixed-method evaluation of an online awareness-raising programme for frontline care and support practitioners. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:46-58. [PMID: 36097437 PMCID: PMC10087889 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) is an umbrella term referring to the neurocognitive impairments caused by excessive and prolonged alcohol use and the associated nutritional deficiencies. This study evaluated the outcomes of an online research-informed training program for ARBD which aimed to improve client outcomes by promoting support staff's awareness and confidence in working with clients who may have (or who are at risk of developing) the condition. METHODS Staff working within a large non-governmental non-profit housing organisation (n = 883) enrolled in the training program. Questionnaires were used pre- and post-training to collect self-reported awareness of ARBD and confidence in supporting individuals with the condition. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 staff members approximately 10 weeks post-completion of the program. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by employing qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Findings from the questionnaires indicated a significant increase in all measures after completing the training program. Three main themes were developed based on the interview data: changes to awareness and understanding; professional practice; and training-specific characteristics. Participants reported changes in their ability to identify potential service users with ARBD and confidence in doing so. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that online training programs can be effective in improving support staff's ability to identify ARBD, potentially leading an increase in signposting service users to relevant services. The research-informed nature of the training demonstrates that translating research findings directly to frontline workers can have a substantial impact and may improve outcomes for this client group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ward
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Harriet Hughes
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Robert Heirene
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Simon Newstead
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Bev John
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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12
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Anand SK, Ahmad MH, Sahu MR, Subba R, Mondal AC. Detrimental Effects of Alcohol-Induced Inflammation on Brain Health: From Neurogenesis to Neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01308-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Honnorat N, Fama R, Müller-Oehring EM, Zahr NM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM. Alcohol Use Disorder and Its Comorbidity With HIV Infection Disrupts Anterior Cingulate Cortex Functional Connectivity. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:1127-1136. [PMID: 33558196 PMCID: PMC8160024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have a heightened risk of contracting HIV infection. The effects of these two diseases and their comorbidity on brain structure have been well described, but their effects on brain function have never been investigated at the scale of whole-brain connectomes. METHODS In contrast with prior studies that restricted analyses to specific brain networks or examined relatively small groups of participants, our analyses are based on whole-brain functional connectomes of 292 participants. RESULTS Relative to participants without AUD, the functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex was lower for participants with AUD. Compared with participants without AUD+HIV comorbidity, the functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus was lower for the AUD+HIV participants. Compromised connectivity between these pairs was significantly correlated with greater total lifetime alcohol consumption; the effects of total lifetime alcohol consumption on executive functioning were significantly mediated by the functional connectivity between the pairs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that the functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex is disrupted in individuals with AUD alone and AUD with HIV infection comorbidity. Moreover, the affected connections are associated with deficits in executive functioning, including heightened impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Honnorat
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Rosemary Fama
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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14
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Powell A, Sumnall H, Smith J, Kuiper R, Montgomery C. Recovery of neuropsychological function following abstinence from alcohol in adults diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder: Protocol for a systematic review of longitudinal studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274752. [PMID: 36173976 PMCID: PMC9521940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use disorders (AUD) associate with structural and functional brain differences, including impairments in neuropsychological functions; however, review level research (largely cross-sectional) is inconsistent with regards to recovery of such functions following abstinence. Such recovery is important, as these impairments associate with treatment outcomes and quality of life. Objective(s) To assess neuropsychological function recovery following abstinence in individuals with a clinical AUD diagnosis. The secondary objective is to assess predictors of neuropsychological recovery in AUD. Methods Four electronic databases (APA PsycInfo, EBSCO MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection) will be searched between 1999–2022, with search strategies adapted for each source. Study reporting will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis, study quality will be assessed using the JBI Checklist for Cohort Studies. Eligible studies are those with a longitudinal design that assessed neuropsychological recovery following abstinence from alcohol in adults with a clinical diagnosis of AUD. Studies will be excluded if participant group is defined by another or co-morbid condition/injury, or by relapse. Results This is an ongoing review. As of July 2022, the review protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022308686), searches have been conducted, and screening is in progress. Results are predicted to be complete by October 2022. Conclusions Comparing data on neuropsychological recovery from AUD will improve understanding of the impact of alcohol on the brain, and the relationship between AUD recovery and quality of life/treatment outcomes. It may provide information that could one day inform aspects of treatment and aftercare (e.g., options for cognitive training of functions that do not improve on their own).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Powell
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Harry Sumnall
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Smith
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Kuiper
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine Montgomery
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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15
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Bollen Z, Dormal V, Maurage P. How Should Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation be Used in Populations With Severe Alcohol Use Disorder? A Clinically Oriented Systematic Review. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:367-383. [PMID: 33733871 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and rationale. Severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) is a major public health concern, given its massive individual, interpersonal, and societal consequences. The available prevention and treatment programs have proven limited effectiveness, as relapse rates are still high in this clinical population. Developing effective interventions reducing the appearance and persistence of SAUD thus constitutes an experimental and clinical priority. Among the new therapeutic approaches, there is a growing interest for noninvasive neuromodulation techniques, and particularly for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an adjunctive treatment in neuropsychiatric disorders, including SAUD. Methods. We propose a systematic review, based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, evaluating the available evidence on the effectiveness of tDCS to improve clinical interventions in SAUD. Results. We provide an integrative overview of studies applying tDCS in clinical populations with SAUD, together with a standardized methodological quality assessment. We show that the currently available data remain inconsistent. Some data suggested that tDCS can (1) reduce craving, relapse or alcohol-cue reactivity and (2) improve cognitive control and inhibition. However, other studies did not observe any beneficial effect of tDCS in SAUD. Conclusions. Capitalizing on the identified strengths and shortcomings of available results, we present evidence-based clinical guidelines to integrate tDCS in current clinical settings and to combine it with neurocognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Bollen
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, 83415UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Valérie Dormal
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, 83415UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, 83415UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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16
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Kim AJ, Sherry SB, Nealis LJ, Mushquash A, Lee-Baggley D, Stewart SH. Do symptoms of depression and anxiety contribute to heavy episodic drinking? A 3-wave longitudinal study of adult community members. Addict Behav 2022; 130:107295. [PMID: 35231843 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heavy episodic drinking (or binge drinking) is a significant public health concern. Self-medication using alcohol is often thought to explain the co-occurrence of heavy episodic drinking with depression and anxiety. Yet, there is little longitudinal work examining both depressive and anxiety symptoms and how they are independently related to heavy episodic drinking in adult community samples. To this end, we invited adult community members (N = 102) to come to the lab to complete validated measures of depressive symptoms (composite of CES-D-SF, SCL-90-D, and DASS-21-D), anxiety symptoms (DASS-21-A), and heavy episodic drinking (composite of frequency, severity, and perceptions) at baseline, and again three and six months later. Using a three-wave cross-lagged panel model, we tested reciprocal relations between heavy episodic drinking and each internalizing symptom. We found strong temporal stability in our study variables. Depressive symptoms were associated with increases in heavy episodic drinking, and anxiety symptoms were associated with decreases in heavy episodic drinking. In contrast, heavy episodic drinking did not predict either internalizing symptom over time. Results are consistent with the notion that individuals with greater depressive symptoms use alcohol to self-medicate, and that anxiety symptoms (particularly autonomic arousal) may be potentially protective against future heavy episodic drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Kim
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Simon B Sherry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, B3H 2E2, Canada.
| | - Logan J Nealis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | | | - Dayna Lee-Baggley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, B3H 2E2, Canada.
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17
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Watanabe K, Kakeda S, Nemoto K, Onoda K, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi S, Yamakawa Y. Effects of Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Blood Metabolic Biomarkers on Grey Matter Brain Healthcare Quotient: A Large Cohort Study of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Screening System in Japan. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11112973. [PMID: 35683364 PMCID: PMC9181611 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between grey matter (GM) volume and blood biomarkers, blood pressure, and obesity. We aimed to elucidate lifestyle factors that promote GM volume loss. A total of 1799 participants underwent the brain dock as a medical checkup. Data regarding blood pressure, obesity measurements, and standard blood biomarkers were obtained. Further, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including high-resolution T1-weighted imaging, was performed. We calculated the grey matter brain healthcare quotient (GM-BHQ), which represents GM volume as a deviation value. After adjusting for confounding variables, multiple regression analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) (b = −0.28, p < 0.001), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GTP) (b = −0.01, p = 0.16), and fasting blood glucose (b = −0.02, p = 0.049) were significantly correlated with GM-BHQ. Although the current cross-sectional study cannot determine a cause-and-effect relationship, elevated BMI, γ-GTP, and fasting blood glucose could promote GM volume loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Watanabe
- Institution of Open Innovation, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-075-753-5534
| | - Shingo Kakeda
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Radiology, Aomori 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Keiichi Onoda
- Department of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin University, Osaka 567-8502, Japan;
| | - Shuhei Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Shimane University, Izumo 690-0823, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Izumo 693-0068, Japan
| | - Shotai Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Shimane University, Izumo 690-0823, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Yoshinori Yamakawa
- Institution of Open Innovation, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Academic and Industrial Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation, Cabinet Office, Tokyo 100-8914, Japan
- Brain Impact General Incorporated Association, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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18
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Bollen Z, Field M, Billaux P, Maurage P. Attentional bias in alcohol drinkers: A systematic review of its link with consumption variables. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104703. [PMID: 35643118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD), attentional bias refers to the preferential allocation of attentional resources toward alcohol-related cues. Dominant models consider that this bias plays a key role in the emergence and maintenance of SAUD. We evaluate the available experimental support for this assumption through a systematic literature review, providing a critical synthesis of studies exploring the links between alcohol consumption and attentional bias. Using PRISMA guidelines, we explored three databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus) and extracted 95 papers. We assessed their methodological quality and categorized them based on the population targeted, namely patients with SAUD or subclinical populations with various drinking patterns. We also classified papers according to the measures used (i.e., behavioral or eye-tracking measures). Overall, subclinical populations present an alcohol-related bias, but many studies in SAUD did not find such bias, nor approach/avoidance patterns. Moreover, attentional bias fluctuates alongside motivational states rather than according to alcohol use severity, which questions its stability. We provide recommendations to develop further theoretical knowledge and overcome methodological shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Bollen
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Matt Field
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Billaux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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19
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Neurocognitive and substance use disorders in older adults: challenges and evidence. ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/add-01-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to review the presentation of substance use disorders in older adults, how addiction intertwines with neurocognitive disorders and how to approach this vulnerable population.
Design/methodology/approach
Electronic data searches of PubMed, Medline and the Cochrane Library (years 2000–2021) were performed using the keywords “neurocognitive,” “dementia,” “substance use,” “addiction,” “older adults” and “elderly.” The authors, in consensus, selected pivotal studies and conducted a narrative synthesis of the findings.
Findings
Research about substance use disorders in older adults is limited, especially in those with superimposed neurocognitive disorders. Having dual diagnoses can make the identification and treatment of either condition challenging. Management should use a holistic multidisciplinary approach that involves medical professionals and caregivers.
Originality/value
This review highlights some of the intertwining aspects between substance use disorders and neurocognitive disorders in older adults. It provides a comprehensive summary of the available evidence on treatment in this population.
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20
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Meza V, Arnold J, Díaz LA, Ayala Valverde M, Idalsoaga F, Ayares G, Devuni D, Arab JP. Alcohol Consumption: Medical Implications, the Liver and Beyond. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:283-291. [PMID: 35333295 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption represents a major factor of morbidity and mortality, with a wide range of adverse medical implications that practically affect every organ system. It is the fifth major cause of deaths in men and women and causes up to 139 million disability-adjusted life years. Solid evidence places the risk as undoubtedly correlated to the length of time and amount of alcohol consumption. While alcohol-related liver disease represents one of the most studied and well-known consequences of alcohol use, the term itself embodies a wide spectrum of progressive disease stages that are responsible for almost half of the liver-related mortality worldwide. We discuss the staged alcohol-related fatty liver, alcohol-related steatohepatitis and, finally, fibrosis and cirrhosis, which ultimately may end up in a hepatocellular carcinoma. Other comorbidities such as acute and chronic pancreatitis; central nervous system; cardiovascular, respiratory and endocrine system; renal disease; urological pathologies; type 2 diabetes mellitus and even infectious diseases are reviewed in their relation to alcohol consumption. This article reviews the impact of alcohol use on different systems and organs, summarizing available evidence regarding its medical implications. It examines current basic and clinical data regarding mechanisms to highlight factors and processes that may be targetable to improve patient outcomes. Although alcohol use is a part of many cultural and social practices, as healthcare providers we must identify populations at high risk of alcohol abuse, educate patients about the potential alcohol-related harm and provide appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Meza
- Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Arnold
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Idalsoaga
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Gustavo Ayares
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Deepika Devuni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School l, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
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21
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Rane RP, Heinz A, Ritter K. AIM in Alcohol and Drug Dependence. Artif Intell Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64573-1_219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Brennan PL, Holahan CJ, Moos RH, Schutte KK. History of drinking problems diminishes the protective effects of within-guideline drinking on 18-year risk of dementia and CIND. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2319. [PMID: 34949174 PMCID: PMC8705185 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the moderating effect of older adults' history of drinking problems on the relationship between their baseline alcohol consumption and risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) 18 years later. METHOD A longitudinal Health and Retirement Study cohort (n = 4421) was analyzed to demonstrate how older adults' baseline membership in one of six drinking categories (non-drinker, within-guideline drinker, and outside-guideline drinker groups, divided to reflect absence or presence of a history of drinking problems) predicts dementia and CIND 18 years later. RESULTS Among participants with no history of drinking problems, 13% of non-drinkers, 5% of within-guideline drinkers, and 9% of outside-guideline drinkers were classified as having dementia 18-years later. Among those with a history of drinking problems, 14% of non-drinkers, 9% of within-guideline drinkers, and 7% of outside-guideline drinkers were classified with dementia. With Non-Drinker, No HDP as reference category, being a baseline within-guideline drinker with no history of drinking problems reduced the likelihood of dementia 18 years later by 45%, independent of baseline demographic and health characteristics; being a baseline within-guideline drinker with a history of drinking problems reduced the likelihood by only 13% (n.s.). Similar patterns obtained for the prediction of CIND. CONCLUSIONS For older adults, consuming alcohol at levels within validated guidelines for low-risk drinking may offer moderate long-term protection from dementia and CIND, but this effect is diminished by having a history of drinking problems. Efforts to predict and prevent dementia and CIND should focus on older adults' history of drinking problems in addition to how much alcohol they consume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny L Brennan
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0646, 490 Illinois St., Floor 12, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Charles J Holahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rudolf H Moos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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23
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Wiśniewski P, Maurage P, Jakubczyk A, Trucco EM, Suszek H, Kopera M. Alcohol use and interoception - A narrative review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110397. [PMID: 34224795 PMCID: PMC8380667 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interoception, defined as the ability to perceive and interpret body signals, may play an important role in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Earlier studies suggested an association between interoception impairment and known risk factors for AUD (e.g., alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, pain). Neurobiological studies show that the neurotoxicity of alcohol affects various elements of the interoceptive system (especially the insula) at structural and functional levels, with differential short/long term impacts. Conversely, primary interoceptive impairments may promote alcohol consumption and foster the evolution towards addiction. Despite convincing evidence demonstrating that interoception impairment may be an important contributor to the development and course of AUD, only a few studies directly evaluated interoceptive abilities in AUD. The research shows that interoceptive accuracy, the objective component of interoception, is lower in AUD individuals, and is correlated with craving and emotion dysregulation. Interoceptive sensibility is in turn higher in AUD individuals compared to healthy controls. Moreover, there is evidence that therapy focused on improving the ability to sense signals from the body in addiction treatment is effective. However, important methodological limitations in interoceptive measures persist, and it is therefore necessary to further investigate the associations between interoception and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Wiśniewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Jakubczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hubert Suszek
- Department of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kopera
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Lee D, Kim W, Lee JE, Lee JH, Kim YT, Lee SK, Oh SS, Park KS, Koh SB, Kim C, Jung YC. Altered thalamic gray matter volume in firefighters with heavy alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109099. [PMID: 34813988 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol, a known addictive substance, affects the structural properties of the brain. In this study, we explored associations between alcohol use and gray matter properties among firefighters, who are often exposed to significant occupational stress. METHODS Gray matter volume (GMV) was evaluated using voxel-based morphometry in 287 male firefighters (mean age: 48.8 ± 7.7 years). Firefighters were classified into 32 never-drinkers, 162 non-heavy alcohol users, and 93 heavy alcohol users according to their alcohol consumption. GMV was compared between groups, and the correlations between GMV and alcohol use were investigated. A voxel-wise height threshold of p < 0.001 (uncorrected) was used, with small volume correction applied on cluster level. RESULTS Heavy alcohol users had lower GMV in the bilateral thalamus than non-heavy alcohol users or never-drinkers. Heavy alcohol users also showed lower GMV in the left insula, compared to other groups. The higher the alcohol consumption among firefighters, the lower the GMV of the right thalamus. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that heavy alcohol use has an association with lower GMV in several core regions, including the thalamus. When considering the impact of these brain regions on cognitive and behavioral control, our findings suggest a need for concern about heavy alcohol use among firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokjong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Tae Kim
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, and Department of Bio & Medical Big Data, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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The Effects of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use on Neurocognitive Function, Brain Structure, and Brain Function. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2021; 8:134-149. [PMID: 36908333 PMCID: PMC9997650 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-021-00243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Given increases in the rates of alcohol and cannabis co-use among adolescents and young adults, this review aims to summarize literature on the effects of alcohol and cannabis co-use on neurocognitive functioning, brain structure, and brain function. Recent findings The limited existing studies examining concurrent, recent, and lifetime alcohol and cannabis co-use suggest effects on the brain are likely multifaceted. The majority of studies report that co-use is associated with negative outcomes such as impaired cognitive function and significant alterations in key structural and functional regions of the brain, while others report null effects of co-use compared to non-substance using control and single-substance use groups. Summary Current studies lack a general consensus on methodology, definitions of concurrent and simultaneous use, and neuroimaging approaches, which makes it challenging to draw strong conclusions about the effects of co-use. More studies are needed to explore the effects of co-use in the context of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use.
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Nutt D, Hayes A, Fonville L, Zafar R, Palmer EO, Paterson L, Lingford-Hughes A. Alcohol and the Brain. Nutrients 2021; 13:3938. [PMID: 34836193 PMCID: PMC8625009 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol works on the brain to produce its desired effects, e.g., sociability and intoxication, and hence the brain is an important organ for exploring subsequent harms. These come in many different forms such as the consequences of damage during intoxication, e.g., from falls and fights, damage from withdrawal, damage from the toxicity of alcohol and its metabolites and altered brain structure and function with implications for behavioral processes such as craving and addiction. On top of that are peripheral factors that compound brain damage such as poor diet, vitamin deficiencies leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Prenatal alcohol exposure can also have a profound impact on brain development and lead to irremediable changes of fetal alcohol syndrome. This chapter briefly reviews aspects of these with a particular focus on recent brain imaging results. Cardiovascular effects of alcohol that lead to brain pathology are not covered as they are dealt with elsewhere in the volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK; (A.H.); (L.F.); (R.Z.); (E.O.C.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.-H.)
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Lannoy S, Sullivan EV. Trajectories of brain development reveal times of risk and factors promoting resilience to alcohol use during adolescence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:85-116. [PMID: 34696880 PMCID: PMC10657639 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is recognized as harmful for the developing brain. Numerous studies have sought environmental and genetic risk factors that predict the development of AUD, but recently identified resilience factors have emerged as protective. This chapter reviews normal processes of brain development in adolescence and emerging adulthood, delineates disturbed growth neurotrajectories related to heavy drinking, and identifies potential endogenous, experiential, and time-linked brain markers of resilience. For example, concurrent high dorsolateral prefrontal activation serving inhibitory control and low nucleus accumbens activation serving reward functions engender positive adaptation and low alcohol use. Also discussed is the role that moderating factors have in promoting risk for or resilience to AUD. Longitudinal research on the effects of all levels of alcohol drinking on the developing brain remains crucial and should be pursued in the context of resilience, which is a promising direction for identifying protective biomarkers against developing AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lannoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - E V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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28
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Boness CL, Watts AL, Moeller KN, Sher KJ. The Etiologic, Theory-Based, Ontogenetic Hierarchical Framework of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Translational Systematic Review of Reviews. Psychol Bull 2021; 147:1075-1123. [PMID: 35295672 PMCID: PMC8923643 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Modern nosologies (e.g., ICD-11, DSM-5) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and dependence prioritize reliability and clinical presentation over etiology, resulting in a diagnosis that is not always strongly grounded in basic theory and research. Within these nosologies, DSM-5 AUD is treated as a discrete, largely categorical, but graded, phenomenon, which results in additional challenges (e.g., significant phenotypic heterogeneity). Efforts to increase the compatibility between AUD diagnosis and modern conceptualizations of alcohol dependence, which describe it as dimensional and partially overlapping with other psychopathology (e.g., other substance use disorders) will inspire a stronger scientific framework and strengthen AUD's validity. We conducted a systematic review of 144 reviews to integrate addiction constructs and theories into a comprehensive framework with the aim of identifying fundamental mechanisms implicated in AUD. The product of this effort was the Etiologic, Theory-Based, Ontogenetic Hierarchical Framework (ETOH Framework) of AUD mechanisms, which outlines superdomains of cognitive control, reward, as well as negative valence and emotionality, each of which subsume narrower, hierarchically-organized components. We also outline opponent processes and self-awareness as key moderators of AUD mechanisms. In contrast with other frameworks, we recommend an increased conceptual role for negative valence and compulsion in AUD. The ETOH framework serves as a critical step towards conceptualizations of AUD as dimensional and heterogeneous. It has the potential to improve AUD assessment and aid in the development of evidence-based diagnostic measures that focus on key mechanisms in AUD, consequently facilitating treatment matching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley L Watts
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
| | | | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
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Urbanik A, Kozub J, Karcz P, Ostrogórska M. Changes in the brain directly following alcohol consumption-a study of healthy male individuals, with the use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) and diffusion (DWI). Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:415-424. [PMID: 33179046 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to identify ethanol in the brain directly after consumption, and examine changes in brain metabolite levels and brain microstructure relative to the duration of time following exposure to alcohol. METHODS The study involved 44 male volunteers (18-55 years). All brain changes were assessed in the frontal lobes, occipital lobes, basal ganglia and cerebellum, however the detailed analyses focused on the frontal lobes. All participants were examined four times, i.e. before and 0.5-hour, 1 hour and 2 hours after consumption of 150 mL pure vodka (60 g of ethanol). RESULTS The highest ethanol levels were identified between 0.5 and 1 hour following alcohol intake. There were significant increases in the concentrations of lipids and lactates approximately one hour after alcohol consumption, and the concentration levels were found to normalise during the following two hours. Some statistically insignificant trends of changes were found for tCr, tCho, mI, GABA, Glc, Glx and tNAA. For the DWI and ADC (Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of water) values, the findings showed statistically insignificant decrease and increase, followed by a tendency towards normalisation. Similar associations in changes of metabolite concentrations and DWI and ADC values were found in the other locations investigated in the study. CONCLUSION A single dose of alcohol as used in this experiment produces increases in lipids and lactates in brain tissues that appear reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Urbanik
- Department of Radiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kozub
- Department of Radiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Karcz
- Department of Electroradiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Ostrogórska
- Department of Radiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Influence of Heart Rate Variability on Abstinence-Related Changes in Brain State in Everyday Drinkers. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060817. [PMID: 34203005 PMCID: PMC8235786 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is now common practice worldwide, and functional brain networks are beginning to reveal the complex interactions observed with alcohol consumption and abstinence. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has a well-documented relationship with alcohol use, and a growing body of research is finding links between the ANS and functional brain networks. This study recruited everyday drinkers in an effort to uncover the relationship between alcohol abstinence, ANS function, and whole brain functional brain networks. Participants (n = 29), 24-60 years-of-age, consumed moderate levels of alcohol regularly (males 2.4 (±0.26) drinks/day, females 2.3 (±0.96) drinks/day). ANS function, specifically cardiac vagal tone, was assessed using the Porges-Bohrer method for calculating respiratory sinus arrhythmia (PBRSA). Functional brain networks were generated from resting-state MRI scans obtained following 3-day periods of typical consumption and abstinence. A multi-task mixed-effects regression model determined the influences of HRV and drinking state on functional network connectivity. Results showed differences in the relationship between the strength of network connections and clustering coefficients across drinking states, moderated by PBRSA. Increases in connection strength between highly clustered nodes during abstinence as PBRSA increases demonstrates a greater possible range of topological configurations at high PBRSA values. This novel finding begins to shed light on the complex interactions between typical alcohol abstinence and physiological responses of the central and autonomic nervous system.
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Maurage P, Lannoy S, Mange J, Grynberg D, Beaunieux H, Banovic I, Gierski F, Naassila M. What We Talk About When We Talk About Binge Drinking: Towards an Integrated Conceptualization and Evaluation. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 55:468-479. [PMID: 32556202 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Binge drinking (BD), characterized by recurring alternations between intense intoxication episodes and abstinence periods, is the most frequent alcohol consumption pattern in youth and is growing in prevalence among older adults. Many studies have underlined the specific harmful impact of this habit by showing impaired abilities in a wide range of cognitive functions among binge drinkers, as well as modifications of brain structure and function. AIMS Several controversies and inconsistencies currently hamper the harmonious development of the field and the recognition of BD as a specific alcohol consumption pattern. The main concern is the absence of consensual BD conceptualization, leading to variability in experimental group selection and alcohol consumption evaluation. The present paper aims at overcoming this key issue through a two-step approach. METHODS AND CONCLUSIONS First, a literature review allows proposing an integrated BD conceptualization, distinguishing it from other subclinical alcohol consumption patterns. Six specific characteristics of BD are identified, namely, (1) the presence of physiological symptoms related to BD episodes, (2) the presence of psychological symptoms related to BD episodes, (3) the ratio of BD episodes compared to all alcohol drinking occasions, (4) the frequency of BD episodes, (5) the consumption speed and (6) the alternation between BD episodes and soberness periods. Second, capitalizing on this conceptual clarification, we propose an evaluation protocol jointly measuring these six BD characteristics. Finally, several research perspectives are presented to refine the proposed conceptualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Séverine Lannoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Mange
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Caen Normandie (LPCN; EA 7452), University of Caen Normandy, Caen 14032, France
| | - Delphine Grynberg
- SCALab UMR 9193, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Lille 59000, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France
| | - Hélène Beaunieux
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Caen Normandie (LPCN; EA 7452), University of Caen Normandy, Caen 14032, France
| | - Ingrid Banovic
- CRFDP EA 7475, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Fabien Gierski
- Cognition, Health, Society Laboratory (C2S-EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims 51571, France.,INSERM UMR 1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences, GRAP, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80025, France
| | - Mickaël Naassila
- INSERM UMR 1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Pharmacodependences, GRAP, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80025, France
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32
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Grecco GG, Chumin EJ, Dzemidzic M, Cheng H, Finn P, Newman S, Dydak U, Yoder KK. Anterior cingulate cortex metabolites and white matter microstructure: a multimodal study of emergent alcohol use disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2436-2444. [PMID: 34097282 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging is increasingly used to address neuropathology associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Few studies have investigated relationships between metabolite concentrations and white matter (WM) integrity; currently, there are no such data in AUD. In this preliminary study, we used complementary neuroimaging techniques, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), to study AUD neurophysiology. We tested for relationships between metabolites in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and adjacent WM microstructure in young adult AUD and control (CON) subjects. Sixteen AUD and fourteen CON underwent whole-brain DWI and MRS of the dACC. Outcomes were dACC metabolites, and diffusion tensor metrics of dACC-adjacent WM. Multiple linear regression terms included WM region, group, and region × group for prediction of dACC metabolites. dACC myo-inositol was positively correlated with axial diffusivity in the left anterior corona radiata (p < 0.0001) in CON but not AUD (group effect: p < 0.001; region × group: p < 0.001; Bonferroni-corrected). In the bilateral anterior corona radiata and right genu of the corpus callosum, glutamate was negatively related to mean diffusivity in AUD, but not CON subjects (all model terms: p < 0.05, uncorrected). In AUD subjects, dACC glutamate was negatively correlated with AUD symptom severity. This is likely the first integrative study of cortical metabolites and WM integrity in young individuals with AUD. Differential relationships between dACC metabolites and adjacent WM tract integrity in AUD could represent early consequences of hazardous drinking, and/or novel biomarkers of early-stage AUD. Additional studies are required to replicate these findings, and to determine the behavioral relevance of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Grecco
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, GH 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Evgeny J Chumin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, GH 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, GH 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Peter Finn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sharlene Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, GH 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, GH 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Lee J, Ju G, Son JW, Shin CJ, Lee SI, Park H, Kim S. White matter integrity in alcohol-dependent patients with long-term abstinence. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26078. [PMID: 34032740 PMCID: PMC8154411 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on association studies on amounts of alcohol consumed and cortical and subcortical structural shrinkage, we investigated the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on white matter pathways using probabilistic tractography.Twenty-three alcohol-dependent men (with an average sobriety of 13.1 months) from a mental health hospital and 22 age-matched male healthy social drinkers underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Eighteen major white matter pathways were reconstructed using the TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy tool (provided by the FreeSurfer). The hippocampal volumes were estimated using an automated procedure. The lifetime drinking history interview, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, and pack-years of smoking were also evaluated.Analysis of covariance controlling for age, cigarette smoking, total motion index indicated that there was no definite difference of diffusion parameters between the 2 groups after multiple comparison correction. As hippocampal volume decreased, the fractional anisotropy of the right cingulum-angular bundle decreased. Additionally, the axial diffusivity of right cingulum-angular bundle was positively correlated with the alcohol abstinence period.The results imply resilience of white matter in patients with alcohol dependence. Additional longitudinal studies with multimodal methods and neuropsychological tests may improve our findings of the changes in white matter pathways in patients with alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gawon Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Chul-Jin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sang Ick Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyemi Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Siekyeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
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Harper J, Malone SM, Wilson S, Hunt RH, Thomas KM, Iacono WG. The Effects of Alcohol and Cannabis Use on the Cortical Thickness of Cognitive Control and Salience Brain Networks in Emerging Adulthood: A Co-twin Control Study. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:1012-1022. [PMID: 33726938 PMCID: PMC8106644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments in inhibitory control and its underlying brain networks (control/salience areas) are associated with substance misuse. Research often assumes a causal substance exposure effect on brain structure. This assumption remains largely untested, and other factors (e.g., familial risk) may confound exposure effects. We leveraged a genetically informative sample of twins aged 24 years and a quasi-experimental co-twin control design to separate alcohol or cannabis exposure effects during emerging adulthood from familial risk on control/salience network cortical thickness. METHODS In a population-based sample of 436 twins aged 24 years, dimensional measures of alcohol and cannabis use (e.g., frequency, density, quantity, intoxications) across emerging adulthood were assessed. Cortical thickness of control/salience network areas were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and defined by a fine-grained cortical atlas. RESULTS Greater alcohol, but not cannabis, misuse was associated with reduced thickness of prefrontal (e.g., dorso/ventrolateral, right frontal operculum) and frontal medial cortices, as well as temporal lobe, intraparietal sulcus, insula, parietal operculum, precuneus, and parietal medial areas. Effects were predominately (pre)frontal and right lateralized. Co-twin control analyses suggested that the effects likely reflect both the familial predisposition to misuse alcohol and, specifically for lateral prefrontal, frontal/parietal medial, and right frontal operculum, an alcohol exposure effect. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel evidence that alcohol-related reductions in cortical thickness of control/salience brain networks likely represent the effects of alcohol exposure and premorbid characteristics of the genetic predisposition to misuse alcohol. The dual effects of these two alcohol-related causal influences have important and complementary implications regarding public health and prevention efforts to curb youth drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Harper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | | | - Sylia Wilson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Ruskin H. Hunt
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
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The role of the orbitofrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens for craving in alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:267. [PMID: 33947835 PMCID: PMC8097061 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate structural and functional alterations of the reward system and the neurobiology of craving in alcohol use disorder (AUD). We hypothesized reduced volume of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), reduced structural connectivity of the segment of the supero-lateral medial forebrain bundle connecting the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with the NAcc (OFC-NAcc), and reduced resting-state OFC-NAcc functional connectivity (FC). Furthermore, we hypothesized that craving is related to an increase of OFC-NAcc FC. Thirty-nine recently abstinent patients with AUD and 18 healthy controls (HC) underwent structural (T1w-MP2RAGE, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)) and functional (resting-state fMRI) MRI-scans. Gray matter volume of the NAcc, white matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy (FA)) and macrostructure (tract length) of the OFC-NAcc connection and OFC-NAcc FC were compared between AUD and HC using a mixed model MANCOVA controlling for age and gender. Craving was assessed using the thoughts subscale of the obsessive-compulsive drinking scale (OCDS) scale and was correlated with OFC-NAcc FC. There was a significant main effect of group. Results were driven by a volume reduction of bilateral NAcc, reduced FA in the left hemisphere, and reduced tract length of bilateral OFC-NAcc connections in AUD patients. OFC-NAcc FC did not differ between groups. Craving was associated with increased bilateral OFC-NAcc FC. In conclusion, reduced volume of the NAcc and reduced FA and tract length of the OFC-NAcc network suggest structural alterations of the reward network in AUD. Increased OFC-NAcc FC is associated with craving in AUD, and may contribute to situational alcohol-seeking behavior in AUD.
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Nuyens FM, Billieux J, Maurage P. Time perception and alcohol use: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:377-403. [PMID: 33933506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Attentional, executive, and memory processes play a pivotal role in time perception. As acute or chronic alcohol consumption influences these processes, it should also modify time perception. We systematically reviewed and critically assessed all existing studies on time perception among alcohol drinkers, following the PICOS procedure and PRISMA guidelines. We selected 31 articles, distributed across four populations (i.e., alcohol intoxication, binge/heavy drinking, severe alcohol use disorder [SAUD], and Korsakoff syndrome). Several studies suggested the overestimation or underestimation of time during alcohol intoxication. No direct effect of binge/heavy drinking was observed on time perception, while studies on SAUD reported conflicting results. Participants with Korsakoff syndrome exhibited globally impaired time perception and marked deficits in associated cognitive abilities. This systematic review suggests that alcohol consumption affects time perception only when specific cognitive processes are depleted. However, due to the methodological limitations related to existing studies, no firm conclusion can be drawn. Guidelines and perspectives to advance the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip M Nuyens
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-Mouline - Bâtiment Géopolis, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 23A, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Science Research Institute, UClouvain, 10, place Cardinal Mercier, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium.
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Durazzo TC, Meyerhoff DJ. Changes of frontal cortical subregion volumes in alcohol dependent individuals during early abstinence: associations with treatment outcome. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1588-1599. [PMID: 31197582 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that at 1-and-4 weeks of sobriety, those who relapsed after treatment demonstrated significantly smaller total frontal cortical volume than individuals who maintained abstinence for at least 12 months post treatment. The segmentation method employed did not permit examination of frontal subregions that serve as nodes of the executive, salience and emotional regulation networks; structural abnormalities in these circuits are associated with relapse in those seeking treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUD). The primary goal of this study was to determine if frontal cortical subregion volume recovery during early abstinence is associated with long-term abstinence from alcohol. We compared bilateral components of the dorsal prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and insula volumes, at 1 and 4 weeks of abstinence, between individuals who resumed drinking within 12 months of treatment (Relapsers) those who showed sustained abstinence over 12 months following treatment (Abstainers) and healthy Controls. At 1 and 4 weeks of sobriety, Relapsers demonstrated significantly smaller volumes than Controls in 15 of 20 regions of interest, while Abstainers only had smaller volumes than Controls in 5 of 20 regions. In Relapsers, increasing volumes over 1 month in multiple frontal subregions and the insula were associated with longer duration of abstinence after treatment. The persistent bilateral frontal and insula volume deficits in Relapsers over 4 weeks from last alcohol use may have implications for neurostimulation methods targeting anterior frontal/insula regions, and represent an endophenotype that differentiates those who respond more favorably to available psychosocial and pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Durazzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Centers (151Y) and Sierra-Pacific War Related Illness and Injury Study Centers, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Pervin Z, Stephen JM. Effect of alcohol on the central nervous system to develop neurological disorder: pathophysiological and lifestyle modulation can be potential therapeutic options for alcohol-induced neurotoxication. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:390-413. [PMID: 34183988 PMCID: PMC8222771 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the major target for adverse effects of alcohol and extensively promotes the development of a significant number of neurological diseases such as stroke, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Excessive alcohol consumption causes severe neuro-immunological changes in the internal organs including irreversible brain injury and it also reacts with the defense mechanism of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which in turn leads to changes in the configuration of the tight junction of endothelial cells and white matter thickness of the brain. Neuronal injury associated with malnutrition and oxidative stress-related BBB dysfunction may cause neuronal degeneration and demyelination in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, the underlying mechanism still remains unknown. To address this question, studies need to be performed on the contributing mechanisms of alcohol on pathological relationships of neurodegeneration that cause permanent neuronal damage. Moreover, alcohol-induced molecular changes of white matter with conduction disturbance in neurotransmission are a likely cause of myelin defect or axonal loss which correlates with cognitive dysfunctions in AUD. To extend our current knowledge in developing a neuroprotective environment, we need to explore the pathophysiology of ethanol (EtOH) metabolism and its effect on the CNS. Recent epidemiological studies and experimental animal research have revealed the association between excessive alcohol consumption and neurodegeneration. This review supports an interdisciplinary treatment protocol to protect the nervous system and to improve the cognitive outcomes of patients who suffer from alcohol-related neurodegeneration as well as clarify the pathological involvement of alcohol in causing other major neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinia Pervin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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Sex differences in the neuroanatomy of alcohol dependence: hippocampus and amygdala subregions in a sample of 966 people from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:156. [PMID: 33664226 PMCID: PMC7933136 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Males and females with alcohol dependence have distinct mental health and cognitive problems. Animal models of addiction postulate that the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are partially distinct, but there is little evidence of sex differences in humans with alcohol dependence as most neuroimaging studies have been conducted in males. We examined hippocampal and amygdala subregions in a large sample of 966 people from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group. This comprised 643 people with alcohol dependence (225 females), and a comparison group of 323 people without alcohol dependence (98 females). Males with alcohol dependence had smaller volumes of the total amygdala and its basolateral nucleus than male controls, that exacerbated with alcohol dose. Alcohol dependence was also associated with smaller volumes of the hippocampus and its CA1 and subiculum subfield volumes in both males and females. In summary, hippocampal and amygdalar subregions may be sensitive to both shared and distinct mechanisms in alcohol-dependent males and females.
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Mistarz N, Andersen K, Nielsen AS, Goudriaan AE, Michel TM, Skøt L, Nielsen DG, Mellentin AI. Pharmacological enhancing agents targeting cognition in patients with alcohol-induced neurocognitive disorders: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:608-626. [PMID: 33667552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Debilitating neurocognitive deficits are seen in alcohol use disorders (AUD) and Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome (WKS). These shared characteristics suggest a spectrum of alcohol-induced neurocognitive disorders (AIND). Cognitive pharmacological enhancing agents (CPEA) have been examined in the treatment of other psychiatric disorders, but little is known about the effects of these agents on AINDs. Our aim was to synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of CPEAs on AINDs. Databases were searched for controlled trials examining CPEAs on AUD, WKS, and alcohol-related dementia (ARD). Eligible studies were included in a qualitative synthesis and a quality assessment was conducted. The search identified 23 studies (4 ≤ ns ≤ 98). Evidence suggests that modafinil may improve executive functions in AUD and ARD, but this effect may only be present in patients with severe deficits. The studies were rated as having a moderate risk of bias. Despite the promising effects of modafinil, small samples and inconsistent evidence deem the results preliminary. More research is warranted examining the effects of transdiagnostic CPEAs on deficits across AINDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaj Mistarz
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Kjeld Andersen
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anneke E Goudriaan
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Research, Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lotte Skøt
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Grüner Nielsen
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Angelina Isabella Mellentin
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark; Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Visuoperceptive Impairments in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder: A Critical Review of Behavioral Studies. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:361-384. [PMID: 33591477 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The present literature review is aimed at offering a comprehensive and critical view of behavioral data collected during the past seventy years concerning visuoperception in severe alcohol use disorders (AUD). To pave the way for a renewal of research and clinical approaches in this very little understood field, this paper (1) provides a critical review of previous behavioral studies exploring visuoperceptive processing in severe AUD, (2) identifies the alcohol-related parameters and demographic factors that influence the deficits, and (3) addresses the limitations of this literature and their implications for current clinical strategies. By doing so, this review highlights the presence of visuoperceptive deficits but also shows how the lack of in-depth studies exploring the visual system in this clinical population results in the current absence of integration of these deficits in the dominant models of vision. Given the predominance of vision in everyday life, we stress the need to better delineate the extent, the specificity, and the actual implications of the deficits for severe AUD.
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Creupelandt C, D'Hondt F, Maurage P. Neural correlates of visuoperceptive changes in severe alcohol use disorder: A critical review of neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1253-1275. [PMID: 33550638 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Visuoperceptive deficits are frequently reported in severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) and are considered as pervasive and persistent in time. While this topic of investigation has previously driven researchers' interest, far fewer studies have focused on visuoperception in SAUD since the '90s, leaving open central questions regarding the origin and implications of these deficits. To renew research in the field and provide a solid background to work upon, this paper reviews the neural correlates of visuoperception in SAUD, based on data from neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies. Results reveal structural and functional changes within the visual system but also in the connections between occipital and frontal areas. We highlight the lack of integration of these findings in the dominant models of vision which stress the dynamic nature of the visual system and consider the presence of both bottom-up and top-down cerebral mechanisms. Visuoperceptive changes are also discussed in the framework of long-lasting debates regarding the influence of demographic and alcohol-related factors, together stressing the presence of inter-individual differences. Capitalizing on this review, we provide guidelines to inform future research, and ultimately improve clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Creupelandt
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (UCLEP), Faculté de Psychologie, Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (UCLEP), Faculté de Psychologie, Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Eitel F, Schulz MA, Seiler M, Walter H, Ritter K. Promises and pitfalls of deep neural networks in neuroimaging-based psychiatric research. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113608. [PMID: 33513353 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
By promising more accurate diagnostics and individual treatment recommendations, deep neural networks and in particular convolutional neural networks have advanced to a powerful tool in medical imaging. Here, we first give an introduction into methodological key concepts and resulting methodological promises including representation and transfer learning, as well as modelling domain-specific priors. After reviewing recent applications within neuroimaging-based psychiatric research, such as the diagnosis of psychiatric diseases, delineation of disease subtypes, normative modeling, and the development of neuroimaging biomarkers, we discuss current challenges. This includes for example the difficulty of training models on small, heterogeneous and biased data sets, the lack of validity of clinical labels, algorithmic bias, and the influence of confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Eitel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member Of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc-André Schulz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member Of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Seiler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member Of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member Of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Ritter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member Of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Borruto AM, Stopponi S, Li H, Weiss F, Roberto M, Ciccocioppo R. Genetically selected alcohol-preferring msP rats to study alcohol use disorder: Anything lost in translation? Neuropharmacology 2021; 186:108446. [PMID: 33476639 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, genetically selected alcohol-preferring rats have been successfully used to mimic and study alcohol use disorders (AUD). These rat lines have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the neurobiology of alcoholism and enabling pharmacological studies to evaluate drug efficacy on alcohol drinking and relapse. Moreover, the results of these studies have identified genetic variables that are linked to AUD vulnerability. This is an up-to-date review that focuses on genetically selected Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats. To support the translational relevance of the findings that are obtained from msP rats and highlight important similarities to AUD patients, we also discuss the results of recent brain imaging studies. Finally, to demonstrate the importance of studying sex differences in animal models of AUD, we present original data that highlight behavioral differences in the response to alcohol in male and female rats. Female msP rats exhibited higher alcohol consumption compared with males. Furthermore, msP rats of both sexes exhibit higher anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze and forced swim test, respectively, compared with unselected Wistar controls. Notably, voluntary alcohol drinking decreases foot-shock stress and depressive-like behavior in both sexes, whereas anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze is attenuated only in males. These findings suggest that male and female msP rats both drink high amounts of alcohol to self-medicate negative affective symptoms. For females, this behavior may be driven by an attempt to treat stress and depressive-like conditions. For males, generalized anxiety appears to be an important additional factor in the motivation to drink alcohol. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Borruto
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Serena Stopponi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Hongwu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Friedbert Weiss
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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Maurage P, Pabst A, Lannoy S, D'Hondt F, de Timary P, Gaudelus B, Peyroux E. Tackling heterogeneity: Individual variability of emotion decoding deficits in severe alcohol use disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:299-307. [PMID: 33096328 PMCID: PMC7738413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) is associated with social cognition deficits. Patients with SAUD are impaired for the recognition of emotional facial expressions, particularly at early stages of abstinence. These deficits damage interpersonal relations and increase relapse risk. However, uncertainties still abound on their variation across emotions and on the heterogeneity of emotional impairments across patients. We addressed these questions by exploring how the deficit varies according to emotions' type/intensity and patients' heterogeneity. METHODS Sixty-five recently detoxified patients with SAUD and 65 matched healthy controls performed the Facial Emotion Recognition Test, assessing the ability to identify six emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness) displayed by morphed faces with various intensities. Accuracy scores and detection thresholds were collected for each emotion. Beyond group comparisons, multiple single-case analyses determined the percentage of patients presenting decoding deficits for each emotion. RESULTS When current depression and anxiety symptoms were controlled for, patients did not present a general emotion decoding deficit, but were rather characterized by specific deficits for disgust/contempt in accuracy, and for disgust in detection threshold scores. Single-case analyses showed that only a third of patients presented a clinically significant emotional deficit. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SAUD only present emotional decoding deficits for specific interpersonal emotions (disgust/contempt) when subclinical psychopathological states are controlled for, and show no general emotional impairment. This goes against the proposal of a generalized social cognition deficit in this population. This group effect moreover masks a massive heterogeneity across patients, which has implications at experimental and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Arthur Pabst
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Séverine Lannoy
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, Lille, France; Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology research group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital & Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Gaudelus
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, CNRS, Bron, France; Service Universitaire de Réhabilitation, SUR-CL3R, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Peyroux
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, CNRS, Bron, France; Service Universitaire de Réhabilitation, SUR-CL3R, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
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Kakanakova A, Popov S, Maes M. Immunological Disturbances and Neuroimaging Findings in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Comorbid Patients. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:759-769. [PMID: 32108009 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200228093935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders and Major Depressive Disorder, in particular, appear to be some of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high rate of comorbidity most frequently of anxiety or substance abuse disorders (alcohol use disorder). In both cases - MDD and AUD, a number of immunological disturbances are observed, such as chronic mild inflammation response, increased level of cytokines, hypercortisolaemia, which lead to specific changes in brain neurotransmitter functions. Some of the contemporary brain imaging techniques are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic spectroscopy which are most commonly used to assess the brain metabolism and functional connectivity changes such as altered responses to emotional stimuli in MDD or overactivation of ventromedial prefrontal areas during delayed and underactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions during impulsive reward decisions in AUD and dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or glutamate neurotransmitter systems, low NAA and myo-Inositol in both MDD and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Kakanakova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Popov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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47
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Age differences in brain structural and metabolic responses to binge ethanol exposure in fisher 344 rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:368-379. [PMID: 32580206 PMCID: PMC7852871 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An overarching goal of our research has been to develop a valid animal model of alcoholism with similar imaging phenotypes as those observed in humans with the ultimate objective of assessing the effectiveness of pharmacological agents. In contrast to our findings in humans with alcohol use disorders (AUD), our animal model experiments have not demonstrated enduring brain pathology despite chronic, high ethanol (EtOH) exposure protocols. Relative to healthy controls, older individuals with AUD demonstrate accelerating brain tissue loss with advanced age. Thus, this longitudinally controlled study was conducted in 4-month old (equivalent to ~16-year-old humans) and 17-month old (equivalent to ~45-year-old humans) male and female Fisher 344 rats to test the hypothesis that following equivalent alcohol exposure protocols, older relative to younger animals would exhibit more brain changes as evaluated using in vivo structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS). At baseline, total brain volume as well as the volumes of each of the three constituent tissue types (i.e., cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), gray matter, white matter) were greater in old relative to young rats. Baseline metabolite levels (except for glutathione) were higher in older than younger animals. Effects of binge EtOH exposure on brain volumes and neurometabolites replicated our previous findings in Wistar rats and included ventricular enlargement and reduced MRS-derived creatine levels. Brain changes in response to binge EtOH treatment were more pronounced in young relative to older animals, negating our hypothesis. Higher baseline glutathione levels in female than male rats suggest that female rats are perhaps protected against the more pronounced changes in CSF and gray matter volumes observed in male rats due to superior metabolic homeostasis mechanisms. Additional metabolite changes including low inositol levels in response to high blood alcohol levels support a mechanism of reversible osmolarity disturbances due to temporarily altered brain energy metabolism.
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48
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Moraleda-Barreno E, Cáceres Pachón MDP, Lozano ÓM, Pérez Moreno PJ, Lorca Marín JA, Fernández-Calderón F, Díaz Batanero C, Gómez-Bujedo J. Impairments in Executive Functioning in Patients with Comorbid Substance Use and Personality Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Dual Diagn 2021; 17:64-79. [PMID: 33092494 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2020.1829769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the evidence for impaired executive functioning in patients diagnosed with a dual pathology of personality disorder (PD) and substance use disorder, and to identify whether differences exist in comparison to those with a single diagnosis. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify studies using measures of executive functioning in patients with PD-substance use disorder dual pathology. Sixteen studies were selected. Results: The results indicate that dual pathology patients with Cluster C personality disorder do not differ from controls, and that the presence of dual pathology does not influence the updating domain of executive functioning. The findings were inconclusive with regard to dual pathology patients with Cluster B personality disorders. Whilst the various studies consistently show that these patients show worse performance than the control groups, here are contradictory results with regard to whether Cluster B personality disorders add more alterations in executive functioning to those that already appear in substance use disorder. Conclusions: The results suggest the need for further research that more adequately controls variables such as time in treatment, medication, and sample size, whilst there is also a need to employ longitudinal designs that include more patients from Clusters A and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Moraleda-Barreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Óscar M Lozano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J Pérez Moreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - José Andrés Lorca Marín
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Fermín Fernández-Calderón
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Carmen Díaz Batanero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jesús Gómez-Bujedo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Suk JW, Hwang S, Cheong C. Functional and Structural Alteration of Default Mode, Executive Control, and Salience Networks in Alcohol Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:742228. [PMID: 34744834 PMCID: PMC8564495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.742228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been related to aberrant functional connectivity (FC) in the salience network (SN), executive control network (ECN), and default mode network (DMN). However, there is a lack of comprehensive and simultaneous examination of these networks in patients with AUD and of their relation to potential anatomical changes. We aimed to comprehensively examine the alteration in FC in the three networks in AUD patients, and the correlation of the alteration with anatomical/structural changes (volume) in the neural areas implicated in these networks, by applying voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region of interest-to-region of interest connectivity analysis simultaneously. In all, 22 patients with AUD and 22 healthy adults participated in the study and underwent T1 magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with AUD showed increased FCs within the DMN and SN networks, especially in terms of connectivity of the frontal areas and bilateral hippocampi. They also showed decreased FCs in the ECN. In addition, there was significant volume reduction in these areas (frontal areas and hippocampus). The increased FCs within the frontal areas or bilateral hippocampi showed a negative correlation with gray matter volume of these areas in AUD patients. Our findings add to the empirical evidence that the frontal lobe and hippocampi are critical areas that are vulnerable to functional and structural changes due to AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Suk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Soonjo Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Chaejoon Cheong
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korean Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, South Korea
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Britton MK, Porges EC, Bryant V, Cohen RA. Neuroimaging and Cognitive Evidence for Combined HIV-Alcohol Effects on the Central Nervous System: A Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 45:290-306. [PMID: 33296091 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) among people living with HIV (PLWH) is a significant public health concern. Despite the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy, up to 50% of PLWH still experience worsened neurocognition, which comorbid AUD exacerbates. We report converging lines of neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence linking comorbid HIV/AUD to dysfunction in brain regions linked to executive function, learning and memory, processing speed, and motor control, and consequently to impairment in daily life. The brain shrinkage, functional network alterations, and brain metabolite disruption seen in individuals with HIV/AUD have been attributed to several interacting pathways: viral proteins and EtOH are directly neurotoxic and exacerbate each other's neurotoxic effects; EtOH reduces antiretroviral adherence and increases viral replication; AUD and HIV both increase gut microbial translocation, promoting systemic inflammation and HIV transport into the brain by immune cells; and HIV may compound alcohol's damaging effects on the liver, further increasing inflammation. We additionally review the neurocognitive effects of aging, Hepatitis C coinfection, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, tobacco use, and nutritional deficiencies, all of which have been shown to compound cognitive changes in HIV, AUD, and in their comorbidity. Finally, we examine emerging questions in HIV/AUD research, including genetic and cognitive protective factors, the role of binge drinking in HIV/AUD-linked cognitive decline, and whether neurocognitive and brain functions normalize after drinking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Britton
- From the, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, (MKB, ECP, VB, RAC), Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric C Porges
- From the, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, (MKB, ECP, VB, RAC), Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vaughn Bryant
- From the, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, (MKB, ECP, VB, RAC), Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, (VB), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- From the, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, (MKB, ECP, VB, RAC), Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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