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Six KR, Vertongen S, Seghers S, De Bleser D, Compernolle V, Feys HB. Differential composition and yield of leukocytes isolated from various blood component leukoreduction filters. J Immunol Methods 2024; 533:113733. [PMID: 39098592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
In Flanders, an estimated 300,000 leukoreduction filters are discarded as biological waste in the blood establishment each year. These filters are a possible source of fresh donor leukocytes for downstream purposes including research. We investigated leukocyte isolation from two types of filters either used for the preparation of platelet concentrates (PC-LRF) or erythrocyte concentrates (EC-LRF). Outcome parameters were leukocyte yield, differential count, turnaround time and effect of storage conditions. Leukocytes were harvested by reverse flow of a buffer solution. Control was the gold standard density gradient centrifugation of buffy coats. Total leukocyte number isolated from PC-LRF (1049 (± 40) x 106) was almost double that of control (632 (± 66) x 106) but the differential count was comparable. Total leukocyte number isolated from EC-LRF (78 (± 9) x 106) was significantly lower than control, but the sample was specifically enriched in granulocytes (81 ± 4%) compared to control (30 ± 1%). Isolation of leukocytes from either PC- or EC-LRF takes 20 min compared to 240 min for control density gradient centrifugation. Leukocyte viability is optimal when harvested on day 1 post donation (95 ± 0.9%) compared to day 3 (76.4 ± 2.4%). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that leukoreduction filters from specific blood component processing are easy to use and present a valuable source for viable leukocytes of all types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrijn R Six
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgian Red Cross Flanders, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Vertongen
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgian Red Cross Flanders, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Seghers
- Transfusion Innovation Center, Belgian Red Cross Flanders, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Veerle Compernolle
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgian Red Cross Flanders, Ghent, Belgium; Transfusion Innovation Center, Belgian Red Cross Flanders, Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Blood Services, Belgian Red Cross Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Hendrik B Feys
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgian Red Cross Flanders, Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Qie Y, Gadd ME, Shao Q, To T, Liu A, Li S, Rivera‐Valentin R, Yassine F, Murthy HS, Dronca R, Kharfan‐Dabaja MA, Qin H, Luo Y. Targeting chronic lymphocytic leukemia with B-cell activating factor receptor CAR T cells. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e716. [PMID: 39224539 PMCID: PMC11366826 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The challenge of disease relapsed/refractory (R/R) remains a therapeutic hurdle in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, especially for hematological diseases, with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) being particularly resistant to CD19 CAR T cells. Currently, there is no approved CAR T-cell therapy for CLL patients. In this study, we aimed to address this unmet medical need by choosing the B-cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) as a promising target for CAR design against CLL. BAFF-R is essential for B-cell survival and is consistently expressed on CLL tumors. Our research discovered that BAFF-R CAR T-cell therapy exerted the cytotoxic effects on both CLL cell lines and primary B cells derived from CLL patients. In addition, the CAR T cells exhibited cytotoxicity against CD19-knockout CLL cells that are resistant to CD19 CAR T therapy. Furthermore, we were able to generate BAFF-R CAR T cells from small blood samples collected from CLL patients and then demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of these patient-derived CAR T cells against autologous tumor cells. Given these promising results, BAFF-R CAR T-cell therapy has the potential to meet the long-standing need for an effective treatment on CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Qie
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR‐T Translational Research ProgramMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Martha E. Gadd
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR‐T Translational Research ProgramMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Qing Shao
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR‐T Translational Research ProgramMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Tommy To
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR‐T Translational Research ProgramMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Andrew Liu
- Department of Cancer BiologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Shuhua Li
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR‐T Translational Research ProgramMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Rocio Rivera‐Valentin
- Department of Pediatric Hematology‑OncologyUniversity of Florida‐JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Farah Yassine
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Hemant S. Murthy
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy ProgramMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Roxana Dronca
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Mohamed A. Kharfan‐Dabaja
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy ProgramMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Hong Qin
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR‐T Translational Research ProgramMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Cancer BiologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Yan Luo
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR‐T Translational Research ProgramMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Cancer BiologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
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3
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Xhaxho S, Chen-Wichmann L, Kreissig S, Windisch R, Gottschlich A, Nandi S, Schabernack S, Kohler I, Kellner C, Kobold S, Humpe A, Wichmann C. Efficient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Generation Starting with Leukoreduction System Chambers of Thrombocyte Apheresis Sets. Transfus Med Hemother 2024; 51:111-118. [PMID: 38584695 PMCID: PMC10996058 DOI: 10.1159/000532130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary human blood cells represent an essential model system to study physiology and disease. However, human blood is a limited resource. During healthy donor plateletpheresis, the leukoreduction system chamber (LRSC) reduces the leukocyte amount within the subsequent platelet concentrate through saturated, fluidized, particle bed filtration technology. Normally, the LRSC is discarded after apheresis is completed. Compared to peripheral blood, LRSC yields 10-fold mononuclear cell concentration. Methods To explore if those retained leukocytes are attractive for research purposes, we isolated CD3+ T cells from the usually discarded LRSCs via density gradient centrifugation in order to manufacture CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Results Immunophenotypic characterization revealed viable and normal CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations within LRSC, with low CD19+ B cell counts. Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) purified CD3+ T cells were transduced with CD19 CAR-encoding lentiviral self-inactivating vectors using concentrated viral supernatants. Robust CD19 CAR cell surface expression on transduced T cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. CD19 CAR T cells were further enriched through anti-CAR MACS, yielding 80% CAR+ T-cell populations. In vitro CAR T cell expansion to clinically relevant numbers was achieved. To prove functionality, CAR T cells were co-incubated with the human CD19+ B cell precursor leukemia cell line Nalm6. Compared to unmodified T cells, CD19 CAR T cells effectively eradicated Nalm6 cells. Conclusion Taken together, we can show that lymphocytes isolated from LRSCs of plateletpheresis sets can be efficiently used for the generation of functional CAR T cells for experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Xhaxho
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linping Chen-Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Kreissig
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Windisch
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Gottschlich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sayantan Nandi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Schabernack
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irmgard Kohler
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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4
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Rocha FA, Silveira CRF, Dos Santos AF, Stefanini ACB, Hamerschlak N, Marti LC. Development of a highly cytotoxic, clinical-grade virus-specific T cell product for adoptive T cell therapy. Cell Immunol 2024; 395-396:104795. [PMID: 38101075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
At present, recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cells are still suffering from recurrent infections after transplantation. Infusion of virus-specific T cells (VST) post-transplant reportedly fights several viruses without increasing the risk of de novo graft-versus-host disease. This study targeted cytomegalovirus (CMV) for the development of an innovative approach for generating a very specific VST product following Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) guidelines. We used a sterile disposable compartment named the Leukoreduction System Chamber (LRS-chamber) from the apheresis platelet donation kit as the starting material, which has demonstrated high levels of T cells. Using a combination of IL-2 and IL-7 we could improve expansion of CMV-specific T cells. Moreover, by developing and establishing a new product protocol, we were able to stimulate VST proliferation and favors T cell effector memory profile. The expanded VST were enriched in a closed automated system, creating a highly pure anti-CMV product, which was pre-clinically tested for specificity in vitro and for persistence, biodistribution, and toxicity in vivo using NOD scid mice. Our results demonstrated very specific VST, able to secrete high amounts of interferon only in the presence of cells infected by the human CMV strain (AD169), and innocuous to cells partially HLA compatible without viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Agostini Rocha
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Department of Experimental Research, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755 Zip code: 05653 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Raony Farina Silveira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Department of Experimental Research, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755 Zip code: 05653 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ancély Ferreira Dos Santos
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Department of Experimental Research, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755 Zip code: 05653 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Buzzo Stefanini
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Department of Experimental Research, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755 Zip code: 05653 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Hamerschlak
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Department of Bone Marrow Transplant, Avenida Albert Einstein, 627 Zip code: 05652 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cavalheiro Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Department of Experimental Research, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755 Zip code: 05653 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Kaufman RM. T-cell lymphopenia in frequent volunteer platelet donors. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2023; 2023:305-310. [PMID: 38066852 PMCID: PMC10727108 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2023000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, more than 2 000 000 apheresis platelet units are collected annually from volunteer donors. Platelet donors in the United States and elsewhere are permitted to donate up to 24 times per year. Recently, frequent apheresis platelet donation has been associated with severe T-cell lymphopenia. Several frequent platelet donors have been found to have peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts below 200 cells/µL, the threshold for AIDS in HIV-positive individuals. Independent risk factors for plateletpheresis-associated lymphopenia include lifetime donations, age, and donations on the Trima Accel instrument (Terumo BCT), which uses a leukoreduction system (LRS) chamber to trap white blood cells. Less often, severe lymphopenia can occur in donors collected on the Fenwal Amicus instrument (Fresenius Kabi), which has no LRS. For Trima Accel donors, lymphopenia can be partially mitigated by performing a plasma rinseback step at the end of collection. To date, there is no definitive evidence that plateletpheresis-associated lymphopenia is harmful. In a study of frequent platelet donors with lymphopenia who were administered COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines, immune responses were normal. The homeostatic mechanisms responsible for maintaining a normal peripheral blood T-cell count remain obscure, as do the causal mechanisms underlying plateletpheresis-associated lymphopenia.
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6
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Luo Y, Qie Y, Gadd ME, Manna A, Rivera-Valentin R, To T, Li S, Yassine F, Murthy HS, Dronca R, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Qin H. Translational development of a novel BAFF-R CAR-T therapy targeting B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4031-4047. [PMID: 37814001 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Several CD19-targeting CAR-T cells are used to treat leukemias and lymphomas; however, relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) disease is still observed in a significant number of patients. Additionally, the success of CD19-CAR-T cell therapies is not uniform across hematological malignancies, particularly in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this study, we present the development of a novel CAR-T cell therapy targeting B-cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R), a key regulator of B-cell proliferation and maturation. A new monoclonal antibody against BAFF-R was generated from a hybridoma clone and used to create a novel MC10029 CAR construct. Through a series of in vitro and in vivo models using the Nalm-6 cell line for leukemia and the Z138 cell line for lymphoma, we demonstrated the antigen-specific cytotoxicity of MC10029 CAR-T cells against tumor cells. Additionally, MC10029 CAR-T cells exhibited potent antitumor effects against CD19 knockout tumor cells, mimicking CD19-negative R/R disease. MC10029 CAR-T cells were specifically targeted to CLL, in which BAFF-R is nearly always expressed. The cytotoxicity of MC10029 CAR-T cells was first shown in the MEC-1 CLL cell line, before we turned our efforts to subject-derived samples. Using healthy donor-engineered MC10029 CAR-T cells against enriched primary tumor cells, followed by subject-derived MC10029 CAR-T cells against autologous tumor cells, we showed the efficacy of MC10029 CAR-T cells against CLL subject samples. With these robust data, we have advanced to the production of MC10029 CAR-T cells, using GMP lentivirus, and obtained an IND approval in preparation for a Phase 1 clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR-T Translational Research Program, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yaqing Qie
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR-T Translational Research Program, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Martha E Gadd
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR-T Translational Research Program, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alak Manna
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR-T Translational Research Program, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rocio Rivera-Valentin
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Florida-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tommy To
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR-T Translational Research Program, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Shuhua Li
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR-T Translational Research Program, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Farah Yassine
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Inpatient Hematology Unit, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hemant S Murthy
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Inpatient Hematology Unit, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Roxana Dronca
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Inpatient Hematology Unit, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Hong Qin
- Regenerative Immunotherapy and CAR-T Translational Research Program, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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7
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Kaufman RM, Marks DC, Flamand Y, Acker JP, Brown BL, Olafson C, Marschner S, Pandey S, Papari M, Petraszko T, Serrano K, Ward D, Bazin R. Risk factors for T-cell lymphopenia in frequent platelet donors: The BEST collaborative study. Transfusion 2023; 63:2072-2082. [PMID: 37818894 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe T-cell lymphopenia of uncertain clinical significance has been observed in frequent apheresis platelet donors. Two commonly used plateletpheresis instruments are the Trima Accel, which uses a leukoreduction system (LRS) chamber to trap leukocytes and the Fenwal Amicus, which does not use an LRS chamber. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We performed an international, multicenter, observational study comparing T-cell populations in frequent platelet donors collected exclusively using the Trima instrument (n = 131) or the Amicus instrument (n = 77). Age- and sex-matched whole blood donors (n = 126) served as controls. RESULTS CD4+ T-cell counts <200 cells/μL were found in 9.9% of frequent Trima (LRS+) platelet donors, 4.4% of frequent Amicus (LRS-) platelet donors, and 0 whole blood donors (p < .0001). CD4+ T-cell counts <200 cells/μL were only seen in platelet donors with ≥200 lifetime donations. In multivariable analysis, age, lifetime donations, and instrument (Trima vs. Amicus) were independent risk factors for lymphopenia. In 40 Trima platelet donors, a plasma rinseback procedure was routinely performed following platelet collections. No Trima platelet donors receiving plasma rinseback had a CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/μL versus 13/91 Trima platelet donors not receiving plasma rinseback (p = .01). DISCUSSION Recurrent bulk lymphocyte removal appears to contribute to the development of T-cell lymphopenia in frequent, long-term platelet donors. Lymphopenia is more common when an LRS chamber is used during platelet collection but can occur without an LRS chamber. Blood centers using LRS chambers can mitigate donor lymphopenia by performing plasma rinseback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yael Flamand
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason P Acker
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bethany L Brown
- American Red Cross, Biomedical Services, Medical and Scientific Office, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carly Olafson
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Suchitra Pandey
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Tanya Petraszko
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Serrano
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn Ward
- Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Renée Bazin
- Héma-Québec, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Langenhorst D, Fürst AL, Alberter K, Vilhena C, Dasari P, Daud M, Heilig L, Luther CH, Dittrich M, Reiher N, Wich M, Elmowafy M, Jacobsen ID, Jungnickel B, Zipfel PF, Beyersdorf N. Soluble Enolase 1 of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus Stimulates Human and Mouse B Cells and Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:804-815. [PMID: 37436030 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of the growing numbers of immunocompromised patients, the incidence of life-threatening fungal infections caused by Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus is increasing. We have recently identified enolase 1 (Eno1) from A. fumigatus as an immune evasion protein. Eno1 is a fungal moonlighting protein that mediates adhesion and invasion of human cells and also immune evasion through complement inactivation. We now show that soluble Eno1 has immunostimulatory activity. We observed that Eno1 from both C. albicans and A. fumigatus directly binds to the surface of lymphocytes, preferentially human and mouse B cells. Functionally, Eno1 upregulated CD86 expression on B cells and induced proliferation. Although the receptor for fungal Eno1 on B lymphocytes is still unknown, the comparison of B cells from wild-type and MyD88-deficient mice showed that B cell activation by Eno1 required MyD88 signaling. With respect to infection biology, we noted that mouse B cells stimulated by Eno1 secreted IgM and IgG2b. These Igs bound C. albicans hyphae in vitro, suggesting that Eno1-induced Ab secretion might contribute to protection from invasive fungal disease in vivo. Eno1 also triggered the release of proinflammatory cytokines from monocytes, particularly IL-6, which is a potent activator of B cells. Together, our data shed new light on the role of secreted Eno1 in infections with C. albicans and A. fumigatus. Eno1 secretion by these pathogenic microbes appears to be a double-edged sword by supporting fungal pathogenicity while triggering (antifungal) immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Langenhorst
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lisa Fürst
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl Alberter
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cláudia Vilhena
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Prasad Dasari
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Muhammad Daud
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Linda Heilig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Dittrich
- Chair of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Reiher
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Peter F Zipfel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Sakemura RL, Hefazi M, Cox MJ, Siegler EL, Sinha S, Hansen MJ, Stewart CM, Feigin JM, Roman CM, Schick KJ, Can I, Tapper EE, Horvei P, Adada MM, Bezerra ED, Fonkoua LAK, Ruff MW, Forsman CL, Nevala WK, Boysen JC, Tschumper RC, Grand CL, Kuchimanchi KR, Mouritsen L, Foulks JM, Warner SL, Call TG, Parikh SA, Ding W, Kay NE, Kenderian SS. AXL Inhibition Improves the Antitumor Activity of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1222-1236. [PMID: 37378662 PMCID: PMC10530462 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is a member of the TYRO3, AXL, and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase MER family and plays pleiotropic roles in cancer progression. AXL is expressed in immunosuppressive cells, which contributes to decreased efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, we hypothesized that AXL inhibition could serve as a strategy to overcome resistance to chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell therapy. To test this, we determined the impact of AXL inhibition on CD19-targeted CAR T (CART19)-cell functions. Our results demonstrate that T cells and CAR T cells express high levels of AXL. Specifically, higher levels of AXL on activated Th2 CAR T cells and M2-polarized macrophages were observed. AXL inhibition with small molecules or via genetic disruption in T cells demonstrated selective inhibition of Th2 CAR T cells, reduction of Th2 cytokines, reversal of CAR T-cell inhibition, and promotion of CAR T-cell effector functions. AXL inhibition is a novel strategy to enhance CAR T-cell functions through two independent, but complementary, mechanisms: targeting Th2 cells and reversing myeloid-induced CAR T-cell inhibition through selective targeting of M2-polarized macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Leo Sakemura
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mehrdad Hefazi
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth L. Siegler
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sutapa Sinha
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Carli M. Stewart
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Claudia Manriquez Roman
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ismail Can
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Mohamad M. Adada
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Michael W. Ruff
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cory L. Grand
- Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc. Lehi, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Ding
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Neil E. Kay
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Saad S. Kenderian
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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10
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Malati ZA, Pourfathollah AA, Dabbaghi R, Balagholi S, Javan MR. Evaluation of a New Method of Leukocyte Extractions from the Leukoreduction Filter. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023; 39:478-486. [PMID: 37304478 PMCID: PMC10247650 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-022-01618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study's purpose was to optimize the leukocyte extraction protocol and evaluate the efficacy of this new protocol. 12BioR blood filters were collected from Tehran Blood Transfusion Center. A twosyringe system and Multi-step rinsing were designed for cell extraction. The final purpose of this optimization was: (1) removed the residual RBCs, (2) reversed the leukocyte trapping process, and (3) remove the microparticles to obtain the high yield of target cells. Finally, Extracted cells were evaluated by Automated Cell count; Samples smear differential cell count, Trypan blue, and Annexin-PI staining. The results showed that on average 11.88 × 108 ± 3.32 leukocytes recovered after indirect washing and that the mean count of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and Monocyte in this sample was 5.24 ± 2.18 × 108, 5.57 ± 1.74 × 108, and 0.56 ± 0.38 × 108 respectively. Also, the mean percent of manual differential cell count after concentration was 42.81%, 41.80%, and 15.82% for granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes respectively. Moreover, viability and apoptosis assay showed > 95% viability in mononuclear cells recovered from LRFs. It is concluded that the use of a double-syringe system and RBC and microparticles removal from leukoreduction filters lead to acceptable viable leukocyte count that can be used in in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasi Malati
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfathollah
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Department Faculty Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasul Dabbaghi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Balagholi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Javan
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Yao L, Jayasinghe RG, Lee BH, Bhasin SS, Pilcher W, Doxie DB, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Dasari S, Fiala MA, Pita-Juarez Y, Strausbauch M, Kelly G, Thomas BE, Kumar SK, Cho HJ, Anderson E, Wendl MC, Dawson T, D'souza D, Oh ST, Cheloni G, Li Y, DiPersio JF, Rahman AH, Dhodapkar KM, Kim-Schulze S, Vij R, Vlachos IS, Mehr S, Hamilton M, Auclair D, Kourelis T, Avigan D, Dhodapkar MV, Gnjatic S, Bhasin MK, Ding L. Comprehensive Characterization of the Multiple Myeloma Immune Microenvironment Using Integrated scRNA-seq, CyTOF, and CITE-seq Analysis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1255-1265. [PMID: 36969740 PMCID: PMC10035369 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As part of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) immune atlas pilot project, we compared immune cells of multiple myeloma bone marrow samples from 18 patients assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), mass cytometry (CyTOF), and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) to understand the concordance of measurements among single-cell techniques. Cell type abundances are relatively consistent across the three approaches, while variations are observed in T cells, macrophages, and monocytes. Concordance and correlation analysis of cell type marker gene expression across different modalities highlighted the importance of choosing cell type marker genes best suited to particular modalities. By integrating data from these three assays, we found International Staging System stage 3 patients exhibited decreased CD4+ T/CD8+ T cells ratio. Moreover, we observed upregulation of RAC2 and PSMB9, in natural killer cells of fast progressors compared with those of nonprogressors, as revealed by both scRNA-seq and CITE-seq RNA measurement. This detailed examination of the immune microenvironment in multiple myeloma using multiple single-cell technologies revealed markers associated with multiple myeloma rapid progression which will be further characterized by the full-scale immune atlas project. Significance scRNA-seq, CyTOF, and CITE-seq are increasingly used for evaluating cellular heterogeneity. Understanding their concordances is of great interest. To date, this study is the most comprehensive examination of the measurement of the immune microenvironment in multiple myeloma using the three techniques. Moreover, we identified markers predicted to be significantly associated with multiple myeloma rapid progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yao
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Brian H. Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark A. Fiala
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Yered Pita-Juarez
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Geoffrey Kelly
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Hearn Jay Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
- Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, Norwalk, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Travis Dawson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Darwin D'souza
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Stephen T. Oh
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Giulia Cheloni
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Li
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | - Ravi Vij
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Ioannis S. Vlachos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shaadi Mehr
- Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, Norwalk, Connecticut
| | - Mark Hamilton
- Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, Norwalk, Connecticut
| | - Daniel Auclair
- Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, Norwalk, Connecticut
| | | | - David Avigan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Li Ding
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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12
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Hounkpe BW, Moraes CRP, Lanaro C, Santos MNN, Costa FF, De Paula EV. Evaluation of the mechanisms of heme-induced tissue factor activation: Contribution of innate immune pathways. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1542-1547. [PMID: 35775605 PMCID: PMC9554166 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic diseases such as Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) are characterized by a natural propensity for both arterial and venous thrombosis. The ability of heme to induce tissue factor (TF) activation has been shown both in animal models of SCD, and in human endothelial cells and monocytes. Moreover, it was recently demonstrated that heme can induce coagulation activation in the whole blood of healthy volunteers in a TF-dependent fashion. Herein, we aim to further explore the cellular mechanisms by which heme induces TF-coagulation activation, using human mononuclear cells, which have been shown to be relevant to in vivo hemostasis. TF mRNA expression was evaluated by qPCR and TF procoagulant activity was evaluated using a 2-stage assay based on the generation of activated factor X (FXa). Heme was capable of inducing both TF expression and activation in a TLR4-dependent pathway. This activity was further amplified after TNF-α-priming. Our results provide additional details on the mechanisms by which heme is involved in the pathogenesis of hypercoagulability in hemolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina Lanaro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-894 Campinas, Brazil,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Erich Vinicius De Paula
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-894 Campinas, Brazil,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil,Erich Vinicius De Paula.
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13
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Howell A, Letcher B, Murphy K, Elmoazzen H, Petraszko T, Acker JP, Pineault N, Holovati JL. Automated closed volume reduction process for apheresis stem cell grafts: From development to clinical implementation. Transfusion 2022; 62:1818-1828. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Howell
- Canadian Blood Services, Innovation and Portfolio Management Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Brenda Letcher
- Canadian Blood Services, Cord Blood Bank and Stem Cell Manufacturing Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Kelly Murphy
- Canadian Blood Services, Cord Blood Bank and Stem Cell Manufacturing Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Heidi Elmoazzen
- Canadian Blood Services, Cord Blood Bank and Stem Cell Manufacturing Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Tanya Petraszko
- Canadian Blood Services, Cord Blood Bank and Stem Cell Manufacturing Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Jason P. Acker
- Canadian Blood Services, Innovation and Portfolio Management Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Canadian Blood Services, Innovation and Portfolio Management Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Jelena L. Holovati
- Canadian Blood Services, Cord Blood Bank and Stem Cell Manufacturing Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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14
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Evgin L, Kottke T, Tonne J, Thompson J, Huff AL, van Vloten J, Moore M, Michael J, Driscoll C, Pulido J, Swanson E, Kennedy R, Coffey M, Loghmani H, Sanchez-Perez L, Olivier G, Harrington K, Pandha H, Melcher A, Diaz RM, Vile RG. Oncolytic virus-mediated expansion of dual-specific CAR T cells improves efficacy against solid tumors in mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn2231. [PMID: 35417192 PMCID: PMC9297825 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) encoding a variety of transgenes have been evaluated as therapeutic tools to increase the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells in the solid tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, using systemically delivered OVs and CAR T cells in immunocompetent mouse models, we have defined a mechanism by which OVs can potentiate CAR T cell efficacy against solid tumor models of melanoma and glioma. We show that stimulation of the native T cell receptor (TCR) with viral or virally encoded epitopes gives rise to enhanced proliferation, CAR-directed antitumor function, and distinct memory phenotypes. In vivo expansion of dual-specific (DS) CAR T cells was leveraged by in vitro preloading with oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or reovirus, allowing for a further in vivo expansion and reactivation of T cells by homologous boosting. This treatment led to prolonged survival of mice with subcutaneous melanoma and intracranial glioma tumors. Human CD19 CAR T cells could also be expanded in vitro with TCR reactivity against viral or virally encoded antigens and was associated with greater CAR-directed cytokine production. Our data highlight the utility of combining OV and CAR T cell therapy and show that stimulation of the native TCR can be exploited to enhance CAR T cell activity and efficacy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Amanda L. Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Jacob van Vloten
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Madelyn Moore
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Josefine Michael
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Eric Swanson
- Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
| | - Richard Kennedy
- Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
| | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Gloria Olivier
- Mayo Clinic Ventures, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer
Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of
Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Alan Melcher
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer
Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rosa Maria Diaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard G. Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
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15
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Extracellular vesicle proteomic analysis leads to the discovery of HDGF as a new factor in multiple myeloma biology. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3458-3471. [PMID: 35395072 PMCID: PMC9198912 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HDGF is secreted by and found in multiple myeloma cell extracellular vesicles; it activates AKT and sustains multiple myeloma cell growth. HDGF polarizes naïve macrophages to an M1 phenotype and generates immunosuppressive M-MDSC.
Identifying factors secreted by multiple myeloma (MM) cells that may contribute to MM tumor biology and progression is of the utmost importance. In this study, hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was identified as a protein present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from human MM cell lines (HMCLs). Investigation of the role of HDGF in MM cell biology revealed lower proliferation of HMCLs following HDGF knockdown and AKT phosphorylation following the addition of exogenous HDGF. Metabolic analysis demonstrated that HDGF enhances the already high glycolytic levels of HMCLs and significantly lowers mitochondrial respiration, indicating that HDGF may play a role in myeloma cell survival and/or act in a paracrine manner on cells in the bone marrow (BM) tumor microenvironment (ME). Indeed, HDGF polarizes macrophages to an M1-like phenotype and phenotypically alters naïve CD14+ monocytes to resemble myeloid-derived suppressor cells which are functionally suppressive. In summary, HDGF is a novel factor in MM biology and may function to both maintain MM cell viability as well as modify the tumor ME.
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16
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Stage-Specific Non-Coding RNA Expression Patterns during In Vitro Human B Cell Differentiation into Antibody Secreting Plasma Cells. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8010015. [PMID: 35202088 PMCID: PMC8878715 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of B cells into antibody secreting plasma cells (PCs) is governed by a strict regulatory network that results in expression of specific transcriptomes along the activation continuum. In vitro models yielding significant numbers of PCs phenotypically identical to the in vivo state enable investigation of pathways, metabolomes, and non-coding (ncRNAs) not previously identified. The objective of our study was to characterize ncRNA expression during human B cell activation and differentiation. To achieve this, we used an in vitro system and performed RNA-seq on resting and activated B cells and PCs. Characterization of coding gene transcripts, including immunoglobulin (Ig), validated our system and also demonstrated that memory B cells preferentially differentiated into PCs. Importantly, we identified more than 980 ncRNA transcripts that are differentially expressed across the stages of activation and differentiation, some of which are known to target transcription, proliferation, cytoskeletal, autophagy and proteasome pathways. Interestingly, ncRNAs located within Ig loci may be targeting both Ig and non-Ig-related transcripts. ncRNAs associated with B cell malignancies were also identified. Taken together, this system provides a platform to study the role of specific ncRNAs in B cell differentiation and altered expression of those ncRNAs involved in B cell malignancies.
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17
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Ferdowsi S, Abbasi-Malati Z, Pourfathollah AA. Leukocyte reduction filters as an alternative source of peripheral blood leukocytes for research. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021; 43:494-498. [PMID: 33422490 PMCID: PMC8573042 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.10.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral blood leukocytes are a suitable cell model for science research. However, blood samples from healthy volunteers are limited in volume and difficult to obtain due to the complexity of volunteer recruitment. OBJECTIVE Therefore, it is urgent to find an alternative source of peripheral blood leukocytes. METHOD One of the possibilities is the use of leukocyte reduction filters (LRFs) in blood banks that is used for preparation of leukoreduced blood products. More than 90% of the leukocytes are trapped in the leukofilters allowing the desired blood product to pass through. RESULTS It has been reported that the biological function of leukocytes collected from the filters are no different from those isolated from buffy coats, leukapheresis products and whole blood (WB) cells. Moreover, LRFs are waste products that are discarded after leukoreduction. CONCLUSION Thus, leukofilters represent an economic source of human cell populations that can be used for a variety of investigative purposes, with no cost. In the present study, we reviewed the different usage of LRFs in the research, clinical and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ferdowsi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasi-Malati
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfathollah
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Optimized simple and affordable procedure for differentiation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from LRF: An accessible and valid alternative biological source. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112754. [PMID: 34332982 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are one of the most popular immune cells, which plays a remarkable role in both immunotherapy and tolerance induction. Due to unwanted side effects of leukocyte presence in donated blood, the policy of blood service is the pre-storage reduction of leukocytes, which today, filtration is the most common method for this purpose. The filtration method has led to diminished access to Buffy coat as a generally used conventional source of biological cells. We developed a simple, affordable, and reproducible method for dendritic cell differentiation from filter-derived monocytes and, the results of the filter study were compared with differentiated DCs from the conventional buffy coat-derived monocytes. The Monocytes were recovered from leukoreduction filter using an optimized protocol with supplemented PBS buffer. Following the adhesion method, CD14+ Monocyte-enriched population with the purity of 94 % was obtained. After cytokine stimulation over a 6-day period and maturation induction by LPS, differentiated DCs were evaluated for morphology, surface markers (CD86, CD40, CD83 and, HLA-DR), antigen uptake potency and IL-12 secretion. Analysis and comparison of the results represented no significant difference between the two groups. Accordingly, we conclude that leukoreduction filters could be introduced as a reliable and research-grade source of monocyte for DC generation in biological research.
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19
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Himes BT, Peterson TE, de Mooij T, Garcia LMC, Jung MY, Uhm S, Yan D, Tyson J, Jin-Lee HJ, Parney D, Abukhadra Y, Gustafson MP, Dietz AB, Johnson AJ, Dong H, Maus RL, Markovic S, Lucien F, Parney IF. The role of extracellular vesicles and PD-L1 in glioblastoma-mediated immunosuppressive monocyte induction. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:967-978. [PMID: 32080744 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppression in glioblastoma (GBM) is an obstacle to effective immunotherapy. GBM-derived immunosuppressive monocytes are central to this. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule, expressed by GBM cells and GBM extracellular vesicles (EVs). We sought to determine the role of EV-associated PD-L1 in the formation of immunosuppressive monocytes. METHODS Monocytes collected from healthy donors were conditioned with GBM-derived EVs to induce the formation of immunosuppressive monocytes, which were quantified via flow cytometry. Donor-matched T cells were subsequently co-cultured with EV-conditioned monocytes in order to assess effects on T-cell proliferation. PD-L1 constitutive overexpression or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown was used to determined the role of altered PD-L1 expression. RESULTS GBM EVs interact with both T cells and monocytes but do not directly inhibit T-cell activation. However, GBM EVs induce immunosuppressive monocytes, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and nonclassical monocytes (NCMs). MDSCs and NCMs inhibit T-cell proliferation in vitro and are found within GBM in situ. EV PD-L1 expression induces NCMs but not MDSCs, and does not affect EV-conditioned monocytes T-cell inhibition. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that GBM EV-mediated immunosuppression occurs through induction of immunosuppressive monocytes rather than direct T-cell inhibition and that, while PD-L1 expression is important for the induction of specific immunosuppressive monocyte populations, immunosuppressive signaling mechanisms through EVs are complex and not limited to PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Himes
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Tristan de Mooij
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Luz M Cumba Garcia
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mi-Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sarah Uhm
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David Yan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jasmine Tyson
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Helen J Jin-Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel Parney
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Allan B Dietz
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Urology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rachel L Maus
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Oncology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Svetomir Markovic
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Oncology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Ian F Parney
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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20
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Cunningham S, Hackstein H. Rapid generation of monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells with dendritic cell-like properties. Transfusion 2021; 61:1845-1855. [PMID: 33786883 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major challenges in cellular therapy is the establishment and validation of simple and fast production protocols meeting good manufacturing practice (GMP) requirements. Dendritic cells (DCs) are of particular therapeutic interest, due to their critical role in T cell response initiation and regulation. Conventional wisdom states that DC generation from monocytes is a time-consuming protocol, taking up to 7-9 days. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study systematically screened and validated numerous culture components and conditions to identify the minimal requirements, which can give rise to functional monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells (MoAPCs) in less than 48 h (36 h MoAPC). A total of 36 h MoAPCs were evaluated in terms of surface marker expression, endocytic capability, and induction of antigen-specific T cell expansion via flow cytometry. RESULTS Screening of media compositions, glucose concentrations, and surface marker kinetics, particularly DC-SIGN as a DC-specific marker, allowed the generation of DC-like APCs in 36 h (36 h MoAPCs). A total of 36 h MoAPCs displayed a similar phenotype to 48 h MoAPC and standard 7 d MoDCs in terms of HLA-DP,DQ,DR, CD83, and DC-SIGN expression, while CD1a was preferentially expressed in standard MoDCs. Functional evaluation revealed that 36 h MoAPCs displayed reduced endocytosis capabilities and IL-12p70 production. However, 36 h MoAPCs were able to induce T cell expansion both in an allogenic and antigen-specific setting. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that mature 36 h MoAPCs possess DC-like capabilities by inducing antigen-specific T cell responses. This study has important implications for the generation of DC-based cellular therapies, allowing a more cost and time-efficient generation of APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cunningham
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Gorlin JB. Commentary on Zhao et al., "Frequent platelet donations is associated with lymphopenia, and risk of infections: A nationwide cohort study". Transfusion 2021; 61:1329-1332. [PMID: 33733461 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jed B Gorlin
- Division of New York Blood Center, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
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22
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Preclinical development of CD126 CAR-T cells with broad antitumor activity. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:3. [PMID: 33414408 PMCID: PMC7791061 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-00405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a transformative approach to cancer eradication. CAR-T is expensive partly due to the restricted use of each CAR construct for specific tumors. Thus, a CAR construct with broad antitumor activity can be advantageous. We identified that CD126 is expressed by many hematologic and solid tumors, including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, pancreatic and prostate adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and malignant melanoma among others. CAR-T cells targeting CD126 were generated and shown to kill many tumor cells in an antigen-specific manner and with efficiency directly proportional to CD126 expression. Soluble CD126 did not interfere with CAR-T cell killing. The CAR-T constructs bind murine CD126 but caused no weight loss or hepatotoxicity in mice. In multiple myeloma and prostate adenocarcinoma xenograft models, intravenously injected CD126 CAR-T cells infiltrated within, expanded, and killed tumor cells without toxicity. Binding of soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) by CAR-T cells could mitigate cytokine release syndrome. Murine SAA-3 levels were lower in mice injected with CD126 CAR-T compared to controls, suggesting that binding of sIL-6R by CAR-T cells could mitigate cytokine release syndrome. CD126 provides a novel therapeutic target for CAR-T cells for many tumors with a low risk of toxicity.
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23
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French AJ, Natesampillai S, Krogman A, Correia C, Peterson KL, Alto A, Chandrasekar AP, Misra A, Li Y, Kaufmann SH, Badley AD, Cummins NW. Reactivating latent HIV with PKC agonists induces resistance to apoptosis and is associated with phosphorylation and activation of BCL2. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008906. [PMID: 33075109 PMCID: PMC7595626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eradication of HIV-1 by the "kick and kill" strategy requires reactivation of latent virus to cause death of infected cells by either HIV-induced or immune-mediated apoptosis. To date this strategy has been unsuccessful, possibly due to insufficient cell death in reactivated cells to effectively reduce HIV-1 reservoir size. As a possible cause for this cell death resistance, we examined whether leading latency reversal agents (LRAs) affected apoptosis sensitivity of CD4 T cells. Multiple LRAs of different classes inhibited apoptosis in CD4 T cells. Protein kinase C (PKC) agonists bryostatin-1 and prostratin induced phosphorylation and enhanced neutralizing capability of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 in a PKC-dependent manner, leading to resistance to apoptosis induced by both intrinsic and extrinsic death stimuli. Furthermore, HIV-1 producing CD4 T cells expressed more BCL2 than uninfected cells, both in vivo and after ex vivo reactivation. Therefore, activation of BCL2 likely contributes to HIV-1 persistence after latency reversal with PKC agonists. The effects of LRAs on apoptosis sensitivity should be considered in designing HIV cure strategies predicated upon the "kick and kill" paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. French
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sekar Natesampillai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ashton Krogman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Cristina Correia
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. Peterson
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alecia Alto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aswath P. Chandrasekar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Anisha Misra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Scott H. Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nathan W. Cummins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Aggregates in blood filter chambers used from the plasma donations of anti-D donors: evaluation for monoclonal antibody discovery using phage display. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2020; 19:64-72. [PMID: 33085594 DOI: 10.2450/2020.0093-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RhD-immunoglobulin (RhIg) prevents anti-D alloimmunisation in D-negative pregnant women when the fetus is D-positive, reducing the incidence of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Manufacturing RhIg is reliant on the limited supply of plasma donations with anti-D antibodies. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) development platforms such as phage display, require blood samples to be collected from anti-D donors, which may be a complicated process. The blood filter chamber (BFC) discarded after an anti-D donor's donation might provide a source of Ig-encoding RNA. This study aims to evaluate whether used BFCs are a suitable source of Ig-encoding RNA for phage display. MATERIAL AND METHODS Haemonetics PCS2 BFCs were obtained from 10 anti-D donors for total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and amplification of VH and VL IgG sequences for assembly of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). A scFv-phage display library was constructed and 3 rounds of biopanning were performed using D-positive and D-negative red blood cells (RBCs). Positive phage clones were isolated, Sanger sequenced and, where possible, reformatted into full-length human IgGs to define specificity. The BFC aggregates from 2 anti-D donors underwent a Wright-Giemsa stain and hematological cell count. RESULTS Of 10 BFCs, a sufficient yield of total RNA for library construction was obtained from BFCs containing cellular aggregates (n=5). Aggregate analysis showed lymphocytes were the cellular source of Ig-encoding RNA. From the 5 samples with aggregates, scFvs were assembled from amplified IgG variable regions. The library constructed from 1 of these samples resulted in the isolation of clones binding to D-positive RBCs with IGHV3 gene usage. Of the 4 reformatted IgG, 3 were anti-D and 1 had undefined specificity. DISCUSSION BFC aggregates are a new and convenient source of Ig-encoding RNA which can be used to construct Ig gene libraries for mAb isolation and discovery via antibody phage display.
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25
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Parney IF, Gustafson MP, Solseth M, Bulur P, Peterson TE, Smadbeck JB, Johnson SH, Murphy SJ, Vasmatzis G, Dietz AB. Novel strategy for manufacturing autologous dendritic cell/allogeneic tumor lysate vaccines for glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa105. [PMID: 33134920 PMCID: PMC7592424 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, is nearly universally fatal by 5 years. Dendritic cell vaccines are promising but often limited clinically by antigen choice, dendritic cell potency, and/or manufacturing yield. We optimized vaccine manufacture, generating potent mature autologous dendritic cells pulsed with allogeneic glioblastoma lysates. Methods Platelet lysate-based supplement was used to establish human glioblastoma cell lines. Phenotype and genotype were assessed. An improved culture technique to generate mature dendritic cells from glioblastoma patients’ monocytes was developed. The ability of T cells stimulated with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with allogeneic glioblastoma cell lysate to kill HLA-A2-matched glioblastoma cells was assessed. Results Glioblastoma cell lines established with platelet lysate supplement grew faster and expressed more stem-like markers than lines grown in neural stem cell media or in the presence of serum. They expressed a variety of glioma-associated antigens and had genomic abnormalities characteristic of glioblastoma stable up to 15 doublings. Unlike standard culture techniques, our optimized technique produced high levels of mature dendritic cells from glioblastoma patients’ monocytes. Autologous T cells stimulated with mature dendritic cells pulsed with allogeneic glioblastoma cell line lysate briskly killed HLA-A2-matched glioblastoma cells. Conclusions Our glioblastoma culture method provides a renewable source for a broad spectrum glioblastoma neoantigens while our dendritic cell culture technique results in more mature dendritic cells in glioblastoma patients than standard techniques. This broadly applicable strategy could be easily integrated into patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian F Parney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Corresponding Author: Ian F. Parney, MD, PhD or Allan B. Dietz, PhD, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA ( or )
| | | | - Mary Solseth
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peggy Bulur
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy E Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James B Smadbeck
- Division of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah H Johnson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen J Murphy
- Division of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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26
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Burgenson D, Linton J, Ge X, Kostov Y, Tolosa L, Szeto GL, Rao G. A Cell-Free Protein Expression System Derived from Human Primary Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2188-2196. [PMID: 32698572 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Historically, some of the first cell-free protein expression systems studied in vitro translation in various human blood cells. However, because of limited knowledge of eukaryotic translation and the advancement of cell line development, interest in these systems decreased. Eukaryotic translation is a complex system of factors that contribute to the overall translation of mRNA to produce proteins. The intracellular translateome of a cell can be modified by various factors and disease states, but it is impossible to individually measure all factors involved when there is no comprehensive understanding of eukaryotic translation. The present work outlines the use of a coupled transcription and translation cell-free protein expression system to produce recombinant proteins derived from human donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) activated with phytohemagglutinin-M (PHA-M). The methods outlined here could result in tools to aid immunology, gene therapy, cell therapy, and synthetic biology research and provide a convenient and holistic method to study and assess the intracellular translation environment of primary immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Burgenson
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Jonathan Linton
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Leah Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Gregory L. Szeto
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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27
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Evgin L, Huff AL, Wongthida P, Thompson J, Kottke T, Tonne J, Schuelke M, Ayasoufi K, Driscoll CB, Shim KG, Reynolds P, Monie DD, Johnson AJ, Coffey M, Young SL, Archer G, Sampson J, Pulido J, Perez LS, Vile R. Oncolytic virus-derived type I interferon restricts CAR T cell therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3187. [PMID: 32581235 PMCID: PMC7314766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of adoptive T cell therapies, including those using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells, to solid tumors requires combinatorial strategies to overcome immune suppression associated with the tumor microenvironment. Here we test whether the inflammatory nature of oncolytic viruses and their ability to remodel the tumor microenvironment may help to recruit and potentiate the functionality of CAR T cells. Contrary to our hypothesis, VSVmIFNβ infection is associated with attrition of murine EGFRvIII CAR T cells in a B16EGFRvIII model, despite inducing a robust proinflammatory shift in the chemokine profile. Mechanistically, type I interferon (IFN) expressed following infection promotes apoptosis, activation, and inhibitory receptor expression, and interferon-insensitive CAR T cells enable combinatorial therapy with VSVmIFNβ. Our study uncovers an unexpected mechanism of therapeutic interference, and prompts further investigation into the interaction between CAR T cells and oncolytic viruses to optimize combination therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Oncolytic Virotherapy
- Oncolytic Viruses/genetics
- Oncolytic Viruses/metabolism
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pierce Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dileep D Monie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah L Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gary Archer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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28
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Workman LM, Zhang L, Fan Y, Zhang W, Habelhah H. TRAF2 Ser-11 Phosphorylation Promotes Cytosolic Translocation of the CD40 Complex To Regulate Downstream Signaling Pathways. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:e00429-19. [PMID: 32041822 PMCID: PMC7156217 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00429-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 plays an important role in immune responses by activating the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and NF-κB pathways; however, the precise mechanisms governing the spatiotemporal activation of these two signaling pathways are not fully understood. Here, using four different TRAF2-deficient cell lines (A20.2J, CH12.LX, HAP1, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts [MEFs]) reconstituted with wild-type or phosphorylation mutant forms of TRAF2, along with immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, gene expression, and immunofluorescence analyses, we report that CD40 ligation elicits TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-mediated phosphorylation of TRAF2 at Ser-11. This phosphorylation interfered with the interaction between TRAF2's RING domain and membrane phospholipids and enabled translocation of the TRAF2 complex from CD40 to the cytoplasm. We also observed that this cytoplasmic translocation is required for full activation of the JNK pathway and the secondary phase of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, we found that in the absence of Ser-11 phosphorylation, the TRAF2 RING domain interacts with phospholipids, leading to the translocation of the TRAF2 complex to lipid rafts, resulting in its degradation and activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. Thus, our results provide new insights into the CD40 signaling mechanisms whereby Ser-11 phosphorylation controls RING domain-dependent subcellular localization of TRAF2 to modulate the spatiotemporal activation of the JNK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Workman
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Laiqun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yumei Fan
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hasem Habelhah
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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29
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Understanding the freezing responses of T cells and other subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using DSMO-free cryoprotectants. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:291-300. [PMID: 32220549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the freezing responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and specific white blood cell subsets contained therein when cryopreserved in three combinations of osmolytes composed of sugars, sugar alcohols and amino acids. METHODS A differential evolution algorithm with multiple objectives was used to optimize cryoprotectant composition and thus the post-thaw recoveries for both helper and cytotoxicity T cells simultaneously. RESULTS The screening of various formulations using a differential evolution algorithm showed post-thaw recoveries greater than 80% for the two subsets of T cells. The phenotypes and viabilities of PBMC subsets were characterized using flow cytometry. Significant differences between the post-thaw recovery for helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells were observed. Statistical models were used to analyze the importance of individual osmolytes and interactions between post-thaw recoveries of three subsets of T cell including helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and natural killer T cells. The statistical model indicated that the preferred concentration levels of osmolytes and interaction modes were distinct between the three subsets studied. PBMCs were cultured for 72 h post-thaw to determine the stability of the cells. Because post-thaw apoptosis is a significant concern for lymphocytes, apoptosis of helper T cell and cytotoxic T cells frozen in a DMSO-free cryoprotectant was analyzed immediately post-thaw and 24 h post-thaw. Both cell types showed a decrease in cell viability 24 h post-thaw compared with immediately post-thaw. Helper T cell viability dropped 17%, and cytotoxic T cells had a 10% drop in viability. Immediately post-thaw, both cell types had >30% of cells in early apoptosis, but after 24 h the number of cells in early apoptosis decreased to below 20%. CONCLUSION This study helped us identify the freezing responses of different human PBMC subsets using combinations of osmolytes.
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30
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Cunningham S, Buchele V, Brox R, Strasser E, Hackstein H. Thrombocyte apheresis cassettes as a novel source of viable peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Transfusion 2020; 60:1500-1507. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cunningham
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Vera Buchele
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Regine Brox
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Erwin Strasser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen Germany
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31
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He H, Tang L, Jiang N, Zheng R, Li W, Gu Y, Wang M. Characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated using two kinds of leukocyte filters. Transfus Clin Biol 2019; 27:10-17. [PMID: 31812494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the activity and biological function of leukocytes isolated using apheresis platelet leukoreduction system chambers (LRSC), whole blood leukoreduction filters (LRF), and leukocytes in unfiltered peripheral whole blood (WB). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and granulocytes were obtained by density gradient centrifugation using recovery filters and WB. Flow cytometry was used to detect the activity, phenotype, and apoptosis ratio of each cell subtype. RESULTS The proportion of lymphocytes obtained from PBMCs was similar when using the two different filters as compared to traditional isolation; however, there were significant differences between the monocytes and granulocytes. The phenotypic frequency of lymphocytes was similar, but the apoptosis rate of lymphocytes from the two filters was slightly higher. Additionally, monocytes isolated via the three sources were able to be induced into dendritic cells expressing specific molecules; Granulocytes isolated from the LRF showed a lower purity and a higher level of apoptosis than granulocytes isolated from the WB. CONCLUSION Compared with WB, the PBMCs isolated from the filters used in our blood center had no statistical difference in their activity and biological function, but they did differ in the proportion and quantity of monocytes and granulocytes. Our results show that the two filters can be used as an alternative method to collect leukocytes, which solves the problem of an insufficient blood supply for clinical and basic science research. Thus, these filters have significant value beyond their practical use in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H He
- Suzhou Blood Center, 215006 Suzhou, China.
| | - L Tang
- Suzhou Blood Center, 215006 Suzhou, China.
| | - N Jiang
- Suzhou Blood Center, 215006 Suzhou, China.
| | - R Zheng
- Suzhou Blood Center, 215006 Suzhou, China.
| | - W Li
- Suzhou Blood Center, 215006 Suzhou, China.
| | - Y Gu
- Clinical Immunology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, China.
| | - M Wang
- Suzhou Blood Center, 215006 Suzhou, China.
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32
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Petrovic K, Robinson J, Whitworth K, Jinks E, Shaaban A, Lee SP. TEM8/ANTXR1-specific CAR T cells mediate toxicity in vivo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224015. [PMID: 31622431 PMCID: PMC6797195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering T-cells to express receptors specific for antigens present on tumour tissue is proving a highly effective treatment for some leukaemias. However, extending this to solid tumours requires antigens that can be safely and effectively targeted. TEM8, a marker overexpressed on the vasculature of some solid tumours, has been proposed as one such target. A recent report stated that T-cells engineered to express a TEM8-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), when injected into mouse models of triple negative breast cancer, are both safe and effective in controlling tumour growth. Here we report contrasting data with a panel of TEM8-specific CAR-T-cells including one generated from the same antibody used in the other study. We found that the CAR-T-cells demonstrated clear TEM8-specific cytotoxic and cytokine release responses in vitro, but when injected into healthy C57BL6 and NSG mice they rapidly and selectively disappeared from the circulation and in most cases caused rapid toxicity. Infusing CAR-T-cells into a TEM8-knockout mouse indicated that selective loss of cells from the circulation was due to targeting of TEM8 in healthy tissues. Histological analysis of mice treated with a TEM8-specific CAR revealed evidence of inflammation in the lung and spleen with large collections of infiltrating neutrophils. Therefore our data raise concerns over potential on-target off-tumour toxicity with CARs targeting TEM8 and these should be considered carefully before embarking upon clinical trials with such agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Petrovic
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Robinson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Whitworth
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Jinks
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abeer Shaaban
- Histopathology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Lee
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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33
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Natesampillai S, Paim AC, Cummins NW, Chandrasekar AP, Bren GD, Lewin SR, Kiem HP, Badley AD. TRAILshort Protects against CD4 T Cell Death during Acute HIV Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:718-724. [PMID: 31189571 PMCID: PMC6785036 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD4 T cells from HIV-1 infected patients die at excessive rates compared to those from uninfected patients, causing immunodeficiency. We previously identified a dominant negative ligand that antagonizes the TRAIL-dependent pathway of cell death, which we called TRAILshort. Because the TRAIL pathway has been implicated in CD4 T cell death occurring during HIV-1 infection, we used short hairpin RNA knockdown, CRISPR deletion, or Abs specific for TRAILshort to determine the effect of inhibiting TRAILshort on the outcome of experimental acute HIV infection in vitro. Strikingly, all three approaches to TRAILshort deletion/inhibition enhanced HIV-induced death of both infected and uninfected human CD4 T cells. Thus, TRAILshort impacts T cell dynamics during HIV infection, and inhibiting TRAILshort causes more HIV-infected and uninfected bystander cells to die. TRAILshort is, therefore, a host-derived, host-adaptive mechanism to limit the effects of TRAIL-induced cell death. Further studies on the effects of TRAILshort in other disease states are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana C Paim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Nathan W Cummins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Gary D Bren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Andrew D Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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Zhang L, Yu JS. Triptolide reverses helper T cell inhibition and down-regulates IFN-γ induced PD-L1 expression in glioma cell lines. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:429-436. [PMID: 31152305 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunosuppression is one of hallmark features in many cancers including glioma. Triptolide, a natural compound purified from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, has been reported to inhibit PD-L1 otherwise known as the B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) expression in breast cancer. The purpose of this paper is to test the effects of Triptolide on T cell inhibition in glioma cells. METHODS We labeled T cells and cocultured with Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Triptolide treated glioma cells. The effect on inhibition of T cells as well as subtypes of T cells was measured by Flow Cytometry. We also tested the expression of PD-L1 in six glioma cell lines. RESULTS We found that Triptolide could reverse T cell inhibition especially CD4+ T cell and induced IFN-γ secretion. In addition, Triptolide could also induce interleukin-2 secretion and overcome interleukin-10 inhibition caused by glioma cells under IFN-γ treated condition. Triptolide could also down-regulate IFN-γ induced PD-L1 surface expression in glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Triptolide may be used to reverse CD4+ T cell inhibition caused by glioma cells and is an alternative candidate for targeting PD-L1, one of the checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - John S Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA. .,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vincente Blvd. Suite A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Rahimian A, Siltanen C, Feyzizarnagh H, Escalante P, Revzin A. Microencapsulated Immunoassays for Detection of Cytokines in Human Blood. ACS Sens 2019; 4:578-585. [PMID: 30776214 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are produced by leukocytes in blood and may be used as indicators of malignancies or infections. The objective of this study was to develop a strategy for immunosensing cytokines in whole, unprocessed human blood. Microfluidic droplet generation was employed to fabricate ∼400 μm diameter microcapsules with a hydrogel shell and an aqueous core containing sensing microbeads. The hydrogel shell was composed of poly(ethylene glycol) forming a thin (∼10 μm) immunoisolation layer protecting antibody-modified microbeads inside the capsule from immune cells on the outside. The microbeads were functionalized with antibodies against cytokines of interest: interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. While nonfouling, a hydrogel shell was permeable to cytokine molecules; these molecules were captured on microbeads and were detected with fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies. Calibration of encapsulated immunoassays with known concentrations of cytokines revealed a limit of detection of 14.8 and 14.4 pM for IFN-γ and TNF-α, respectively. We also demonstrated the concept of multi-cytokine detection by fabricating distinct populations of capsules carrying either anti-IFN-γ or anti-TNF-α microbeads and dispensing these capsules into a solution containing both cytokine types. Importantly, when placed into whole blood for 16 h, microcapsules were free of leukocytes, effectively protecting sensing beads from the blood components. To further demonstrate utility of this strategy, encapsulated microbeads were used for detection of IFN-γ in blood of patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and unexposed healthy controls. When compared to gold standard technology (interferon gamma release assay or IGRA), our encapsulated immunoassay accurately predicted LTBI diagnosis in 11 out of 14 patients. Overall, encapsulation of immunoassays represents a promising strategy for keeping sensing elements operational in a highly fouling complex environment such as blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Campus, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Christian Siltanen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Hamid Feyzizarnagh
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Campus, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Patricio Escalante
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Mayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Campus, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Campus, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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Gansner JM, Rahmani M, Jonsson AH, Fortin BM, Brimah I, Ellis M, Smeland-Wagman R, Li ZJ, Schenkel JM, Brenner MB, Yefidoff-Freedman R, Sloan SR, Berliner N, Issa NC, Baden LR, Longo DL, Wesemann DR, Neuberg D, Rao DA, Kaufman RM. Plateletpheresis-associated lymphopenia in frequent platelet donors. Blood 2019; 133:605-614. [PMID: 30429159 PMCID: PMC6367645 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-09-873125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 1 million apheresis platelet collections are performed annually in the United States. After 2 healthy plateletpheresis donors were incidentally found to have low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, we investigated whether plateletpheresis causes lymphopenia. We conducted a cross-sectional single-center study of platelet donors undergoing plateletpheresis with the Trima Accel, which removes leukocytes continuously with its leukoreduction system chamber. We recruited 3 groups of platelet donors based on the total number of plateletpheresis sessions in the prior 365 days: 1 or 2, 3 to 19, or 20 to 24. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were <200 cells per microliter in 0/20, 2/20, and 6/20 donors, respectively (P = .019), and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts were low in 0/20, 4/20, and 11/20 donors, respectively (P < .001). The leukoreduction system chamber's lymphocyte-extraction efficiency was ∼15% to 20% for all groups. Immunophenotyping showed decreases in naive CD4+ T-lymphocyte and T helper 17 (Th17) cell percentages, increases in CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory, Th1, and regulatory T cell percentages, and stable naive CD8+ and Th2 percentages across groups. T-cell receptor repertoire analyses showed similar clonal diversity in all groups. Donor screening questionnaires supported the good health of the donors, who tested negative at each donation for multiple pathogens, including HIV. Frequent plateletpheresis utilizing a leukoreduction system chamber is associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lymphopenia in healthy platelet donors. The mechanism may be repeated extraction of these cells during plateletpheresis. The cytopenias do not appear to be harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Gansner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mahboubeh Rahmani
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - A Helena Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhihan J Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jason M Schenkel
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Revital Yefidoff-Freedman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven R Sloan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy Berliner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicolas C Issa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Dan L Longo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Duane R Wesemann
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard M Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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CECHIM GIOVANA, CHIES JOSÉA. In vitro generation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells methodological aspects in a comprehensive review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920190310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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38
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Boudreau G, Carli C, Lamarche C, Rulleau C, Bonnaure G, Néron S, Delisle JS. Leukoreduction system chambers are a reliable cellular source for the manufacturing of T-cell therapeutics. Transfusion 2018; 59:1300-1311. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Boudreau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Cédric Carli
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Caroline Lamarche
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Caroline Rulleau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Guillaume Bonnaure
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Montréal Québec Canada
- Medical Affairs and Innovation; Héma-Québec; Québec Québec Canada
| | - Sonia Néron
- Medical Affairs and Innovation; Héma-Québec; Québec Québec Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics; Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Montréal Québec Canada
- Hematology-Oncology Division; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Montréal Québec Canada
- Department of Medicine; Université de Montréal; Montreal Québec Canada
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Stone M, Keating SM, Kanias T, Lanteri MC, Lebedeva M, Sinchar D, Hampton D, Jakub A, Rychka V, Brewer G, Bakkour S, Gefter N, Murcia K, Page GP, Endres-Dighe S, Bialkowski W, Fu X, Zimring J, Raife TJ, Kleinman S, Gladwin MT, Busch MP. Piloting and implementation of quality assessment and quality control procedures in RBC-Omics: a large multi-center study of red blood cell hemolysis during storage. Transfusion 2018; 59:57-66. [PMID: 30566231 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major aims of the RBC-Omics study were to evaluate the genomic and metabolomic determinants of spontaneous and stress-induced hemolysis during RBC storage. This study was unique in scale and design to allow evaluation of RBC donations from a sufficient number of donors across the spectrum of race, ethnicity, sex, and donation intensity. Study procedures were carefully piloted, optimized, and controlled to enable high-quality data collection. METHODS The enrollment goal of 14,000 RBC donors across four centers, with characterization of RBC hemolysis across two testing laboratories, required rigorous piloting and optimization and establishment of a quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) program. Optimization of WBC elution from leukoreduction (LR) filters, development and validation of small-volume transfer bags, impact of manufacturing and sample-handling procedures on hemolysis parameters, and testing consistency across laboratories and technicians and over time were part of this quality assurance/quality control program. RESULTS LR filter elution procedures were optimized for obtaining DNA for analysis. Significant differences between standard and pediatric storage bags led to use of an alternative LR-RBC transfer bag. The impact of sample preparation and freezing methods on metabolomics analyses was evaluated. Proficiency testing monitored and documented testing consistency across laboratories and technicians. CONCLUSION Piloting and optimization, and establishment of a robust quality assurance/quality control program documented process consistency throughout the study and was essential in executing this large-scale multicenter study. This program supports the validity of the RBC-Omics study results and a sample repository that can be used in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute (Formerly Blood Systems Research Institute), San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sheila M Keating
- Vitalant Research Institute (Formerly Blood Systems Research Institute), San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Tamir Kanias
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marion C Lanteri
- Vitalant Research Institute (Formerly Blood Systems Research Institute), San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mila Lebedeva
- Vitalant Research Institute (Formerly Blood Systems Research Institute), San Francisco, California
| | - Derek Sinchar
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dylan Hampton
- Vitalant Research Institute (Formerly Blood Systems Research Institute), San Francisco, California
| | - Adam Jakub
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Val Rychka
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Greg Brewer
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sonia Bakkour
- Vitalant Research Institute (Formerly Blood Systems Research Institute), San Francisco, California
| | - Nelly Gefter
- Vitalant Research Institute (Formerly Blood Systems Research Institute), San Francisco, California
| | - Karla Murcia
- Vitalant Research Institute (Formerly Blood Systems Research Institute), San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Walter Bialkowski
- Blood Research and Medical Sciences Institutes, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks NW Research Institute; and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jim Zimring
- Bloodworks NW Research Institute; and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas J Raife
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Steve Kleinman
- Clinical Pathology, University of British Columbia, School of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute (Formerly Blood Systems Research Institute), San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Boettcher AN, Loving CL, Cunnick JE, Tuggle CK. Development of Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) Pig Models for Translational Cancer Modeling: Future Insights on How Humanized SCID Pigs Can Improve Preclinical Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2018; 8:559. [PMID: 30560086 PMCID: PMC6284365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade there have been several severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) pig models discovered or genetically engineered. The animals have mutations in ARTEMIS, IL2RG, or RAG1/2 genes, or combinations thereof, providing SCID pigs with NK cells, but deficient in T and B cells, or deficient in NK, T, and B cells for research studies. Biocontainment facilities and positive pressure isolators are developed to limit pathogen exposure and prolong the life of SCID pigs. Raising SCID pigs in such facilities allows for completion of long-term studies such as xenotransplantation of human cells. Ectopically injected human cancer cell lines develop into tumors in SCID pigs, thus providing a human-sized in vivo model for evaluating imaging methods to improve cancer detection and therapeutic research and development. Immunocompromised pigs have the potential to be immunologically humanized by xenotransplantation with human hematopoietic stem cells, peripheral blood leukocytes, or fetal tissue. These cells can be introduced through various routes including injection into fetal liver or the intraperitoneal (IP) space, or into piglets by intravenous, IP, and intraosseous administration. The development and maintenance of transplanted human immune cells would be initially (at least) dependent on immune signaling from swine cells. Compared to mice, swine share higher homology in immune related genes with humans. We hypothesize that the SCID pig may be able to support improved engraftment and differentiation of a wide range of human immune cells as compared to equivalent mouse models. Humanization of SCID pigs would thus provide a valuable model system for researchers to study interactions between human tumor and human immune cells. Additionally, as the SCID pig model is further developed, it may be possible to develop patient-derived xenograft models for individualized therapy and drug testing. We thus theorize that the individualized therapeutic approach would be significantly improved with a humanized SCID pig due to similarities in size, metabolism, and physiology. In all, porcine SCID models have significant potential as an excellent preclinical animal model for therapeutic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joan E. Cunnick
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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41
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He T, Sun R, Li Y, Katusic ZS. Effects of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on MicroRNA Expression Profile in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1005-1009. [PMID: 29860902 PMCID: PMC6050915 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718761658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying proangiogenic function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) are not fully understood. The current study was designed to explore the microRNA
(miRNA) profile in human early endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs, also referred to as
CFU-Hill cells) treated with BDNF. Treatment of early EPCs with BDNF for 7 d significantly
increased the colony formation of outgrowth endothelial cells. BDNF suppressed the
expression of miR-4716-5p, miR-3928, miR-433, miR-1294, miR-1539, and miR-19b-1*. In
contrast, BDNF significantly increased the levels of miR-432*, miR-4499, miR-3911,
miR-1183, miR-4669, miR-636, miR-4717-3p, miR-4298, miR485-5p, and miR-181c. Since miR-433
has been reported to augment hematopoietic cells proliferation and differentiation, we
examined the role of miR-433 in regenerative effects of BDNF. BDNF stimulated the protein
expression of guanylate-binding protein 2 via the suppression of miR-433. However, the
knockdown of miR-433 was not sufficient to significantly increase the number of outgrowth
endothelial cell colonies, suggesting that modulation of miR-433 alone does not stimulate
regenerative capacity of EPCs. In aggregate, our results also suggest that the effect of
BDNF on regenerative function of EPCs may depend on complex changes in the expression of
microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongrong He
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ruohan Sun
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- 3 Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Langenhorst D, Haack S, Göb S, Uri A, Lühder F, Vanhove B, Hünig T, Beyersdorf N. CD28 Costimulation of T Helper 1 Cells Enhances Cytokine Release In Vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1060. [PMID: 29868020 PMCID: PMC5964139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to naive T cells, differentiated T cells are thought to be less dependent on CD28 costimulation for full activation. To revisit the role of CD28 costimulation in mouse T cell recall responses, we adoptively transferred in vitro generated OT-II T helper (Th) 1 cells into C57BL/6 mice (Thy1.2+) and then either blocked CD28–ligand interactions with Fab fragments of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody (mAb) E18 or deleted CD28 expression using inducible CD28 knock-out OT-II mice as T cell donors. After injection of ovalbumin protein in adjuvant into the recipient mice we observed that systemic interferon (IFN)γ release strongly depended on CD28 costimulation of the Th1 cells, while secondary clonal expansion was not reduced in the absence of CD28 costimulation. For human memory CD4+ T cell responses we also noted that cytokine release was reduced upon inhibition of CD28 costimulation. Together, our data highlight the so far underestimated role of CD28 costimulation for the reactivation of fully differentiated CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Langenhorst
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Haack
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Selina Göb
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Uri
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Neuroimmunology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics S.A., Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Knörck A, Marx S, Friedmann KS, Zöphel S, Lieblang L, Hässig C, Müller I, Pilch J, Sester U, Hoth M, Eichler H, Sester M, Schwarz EC. Quantity, quality, and functionality of peripheral blood cells derived from residual blood of different apheresis kits. Transfusion 2018; 58:1516-1526. [PMID: 29732580 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research with primary human white blood cell (WBC) subpopulations requires high quantity, quality, and functionality of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a source to further characterize cellular subpopulations such as T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, or natural killer cells. Apart from buffy coats derived from whole blood, residual blood from preparative hemapheresis kits are used as a source for PBMCs, but knowledge on the yield and functionality of cells from different devices is limited. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated quantity and quality of PBMCs isolated from apheresis kits of two apheresis devices (AMICUS, Fenwal; and Trima Accel, Terumo BCT), the latter being our standard source for many years. PBMCs derived from Trima or AMICUS were tested for yield and subtype composition by flow cytometry. Functionality was assessed by cytokine induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and by degranulation. Moreover, cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells was quantified by a real-time killing assay. RESULTS Mean numbers of isolated cells were 5.5 ± 2.4 × 108 for AMICUS, and 10.3 ± 6.4 × 108 for Trima Accel, respectively. The proportion of WBC subtypes corresponded to well-known numbers from whole blood, with minor differences between the two apheresis systems. Likewise, minor differences in cytokine induction were found in stimulated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Finally, PBMCs derived from the two systems showed comparable cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSION PBMC derived from residual blood of the AMICUS and Trima Accel apheresis devices serve as an economic and easily accessible source for functional PBMCs with comparable quantity and quality to PBMCs derived from whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Knörck
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Marx
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Kim S Friedmann
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Zöphel
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Lieblang
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Hässig
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Müller
- Institute of Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jan Pilch
- Institute of Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Urban Sester
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Eichler
- Institute of Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
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Seliga A, Lee MH, Fernandes NC, Zuluaga-Ramirez V, Didukh M, Persidsky Y, Potula R, Gallucci S, Sriram U. Kallikrein-Kinin System Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses: A Novel Pathway of Interferon Regulation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:156. [PMID: 29456540 PMCID: PMC5801412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kallikrein–Kinin System (KKS), comprised of kallikreins (klks), bradykinins (BKs) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and many other molecules, regulates a number of physiological processes, including inflammation, coagulation, angiogenesis, and control of blood pressure. In this report, we show that KKS regulates Type I IFN responses, thought to be important in lupus pathogenesis. We used CpG (TLR9 ligand), R848 (TLR7 ligand), or recombinant IFN-α to induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and proteins, and observed that this response was markedly diminished by BKs, klk1 (tissue kallikrein), or captopril (an ACE inhibitor). BKs significantly decreased the ISGs induced by TLRs in vitro and in vivo (in normal and lupus-prone mice), and in human PBMCs, especially the induction of Irf7 gene (p < 0.05), the master regulator of Type I IFNs. ISGs induced by IFN-α were also suppressed by the KKS. MHC Class I upregulation, a classic response to Type I IFNs, was reduced by BKs in murine dendritic cells (DCs). BKs decreased phosphorylation of STAT2 molecules that mediate IFN signaling. Among the secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines analyzed (IL-6, IL12p70, and CXCL10), the strongest suppressive effect was on CXCL10, a highly Type I IFN-dependent cytokine, upon CpG stimulation, both in normal and lupus-prone DCs. klks that break down into BKs, also suppressed CpG-induced ISGs in murine DCs. Captopril, a drug that inhibits ACE and increases BK, suppressed ISGs, both in mouse DCs and human PBMCs. The effects of BK were reversed with indomethacin (compound that inhibits production of PGE2), suggesting that BK suppression of IFN responses may be mediated via prostaglandins. These results highlight a novel regulatory mechanism in which members of the KKS control the Type I IFN response and suggest a role for modulators of IFNs in the pathogenesis of lupus and interferonopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia Seliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Hweemoon Lee
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole C Fernandes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Viviana Zuluaga-Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marta Didukh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raghava Potula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Uma Sriram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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45
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Langenhorst D, Tabares P, Gulde T, Becklund BR, Berr S, Surh CD, Beyersdorf N, Hünig T. Self-Recognition Sensitizes Mouse and Human Regulatory T Cells to Low-Dose CD28 Superagonist Stimulation. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1985. [PMID: 29441059 PMCID: PMC5797646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, low doses of CD28-specific superagonistic monoclonal antibodies (CD28 superagonists, CD28SA) selectively activate regulatory T cells (Treg). This observation has recently been extended to humans, suggesting an option for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, a mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon is still lacking. Given that CD28SA amplify T cell receptor (TCR) signals, we tested the hypothesis that the weak tonic TCR signals received by conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconv) in the absence of cognate antigen require more CD28 signaling input for full activation than the stronger TCR signals received by self-reactive Treg. We report that in vitro, the response of mouse Treg and Tconv to CD28SA strongly depends on MHC class II expression by antigen-presenting cells. To separate the effect of tonic TCR signals from self-peptide recognition, we compared the response of wild-type Treg and Tconv to low and high CD28SA doses upon transfer into wild-type or H-2M knockout mice, which lack a self-peptide repertoire. We found that the superior response of Treg to low CD28SA doses was lost in the absence of self-peptide presentation. We also tested if potentially pathogenic autoreactive Tconv would benefit from self-recognition-induced sensitivity to CD28SA stimulation by transferring TCR transgenic OVA-specific Tconv into OVA-expressing mice and found that low-dose CD28SA application inhibited, rather than supported, their expansion, presumably due to the massive concomitant activation of Treg. Finally, we report that also in the in vitro response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to CD28SA, HLA II blockade interferes with the expansion of Treg by low-dose CD28SA stimulation. These results provide a rational basis for the further development of low-dose CD28SA therapy for the improvement of Treg activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Langenhorst
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paula Tabares
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gulde
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bryan R Becklund
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Susanne Berr
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charles D Surh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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46
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Kasmapour B, Kubsch T, Rand U, Eiz-Vesper B, Messerle M, Vondran FWR, Wiegmann B, Haverich A, Cicin-Sain L. Myeloid Dendritic Cells Repress Human Cytomegalovirus Gene Expression and Spread by Releasing Interferon-Unrelated Soluble Antiviral Factors. J Virol 2018; 92:e01138-17. [PMID: 29046460 PMCID: PMC5730771 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01138-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a betaherpesvirus that latently infects most adult humans worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. Latent human CMV (HCMV) is believed to reside in precursors of myeloid-lineage leukocytes and monocytes, which give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). We report here that human monocyte-derived DC (mo-DC) suppress HCMV infection in coculture with infected fibroblast target cells in a manner dependent on the effector-to-target ratio. Intriguingly, optimal activation of mo-DC was achieved under coculture conditions and not by direct infection with HCMV, implying that mo-DC may recognize unique molecular patterns on, or within, infected fibroblasts. We show that HCMV is controlled by secreted factors that act by priming defenses in target cells rather than by direct viral neutralization, but we excluded a role for interferons (IFNs) in this control. The expression of lytic viral genes in infected cells and the progression of infection were significantly slowed, but this effect was reversible, indicating that the control of infection depended on the transient induction of antiviral effector molecules in target cells. Using immediate early or late-phase reporter HCMVs, we show that soluble factors secreted in the cocultures suppress HCMV replication at both stages of the infection and that their antiviral effects are robust and comparable in numerous batches of mo-DC as well as in primary fibroblasts and stromal cells.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus is a widespread opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe disease and complications in vulnerable individuals. This includes newborn children, HIV AIDS patients, and transplant recipients. Although the majority of healthy humans carry this virus throughout their lives without symptoms, it is not exactly clear which tissues in the body are the main reservoirs of latent virus infection or how the delicate balance between the virus and the immune system is maintained over an individual's lifetime. Here, for the first time, we provide evidence for a novel mechanism of direct virus control by a subset of human innate immune cells called dendritic cells, which are regarded as a major site of virus latency and reactivation. Our findings may have important implications in HCMV disease prevention as well as in development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Kasmapour
- Immune Ageing and Chronic Infections Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Kubsch
- Immune Ageing and Chronic Infections Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulfert Rand
- Immune Ageing and Chronic Infections Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Messerle
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiegmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Immune Ageing and Chronic Infections Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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47
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Zhu F, Shah N, Xu H, Schneider D, Orentas R, Dropulic B, Hari P, Keever-Taylor CA. Closed-system manufacturing of CD19 and dual-targeted CD20/19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells using the CliniMACS Prodigy device at an academic medical center. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:394-406. [PMID: 29287970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Multiple steps are required to produce chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, involving subset enrichment or depletion, activation, gene transduction and expansion. Open processing steps that increase risk of contamination and production failure are required. This complex process requires skilled personnel and costly clean-room facilities and infrastructure. Simplified, reproducible CAR-T-cell manufacturing with reduced labor intensity within a closed-system is highly desirable for increased availability for patients. METHODS The CliniMACS Prodigy with TCT process software and the TS520 tubing set that allows closed-system processing for cell enrichment, transduction, washing and expansion was used. We used MACS-CD4 and CD8-MicroBeads for enrichment, TransAct CD3/CD28 reagent for activation, lentiviral CD8 TM-41BB-CD3 ζ-cfrag vectors expressing scFv for CD19 or CD20/CD19 antigens for transduction, TexMACS medium-3%-HS-IL2 for culture and phosphate-buffered saline/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid buffer for washing. Processing time was 13 days. RESULTS Enrichment (N = 7) resulted in CD4/CD8 purity of 98 ± 4.0%, 55 ± 6% recovery and CD3+ T-cell purity of 89 ± 10%. Vectors at multiplicity of infection 5-10 resulted in transduction averaging 37%. An average 30-fold expansion of 108 CD4/CD8-enriched cells resulted in sufficient transduced T cells for clinical use. CAR-T cells were 82-100% CD3+ with a mix of CD4+ and CD8+ cells that primarily expressed an effector-memory or central-memory phenotype. Functional testing demonstrated recognition of B-cells and for the CAR-20/19 T cells, CD19 and CD20 single transfectants were recognized in cytotoxic T lymphocyte and interferon-γ production assays. DISCUSSION The CliniMACS Prodigy device, tubing set TS520 and TCT software allow CAR-T cells to be manufactured in a closed system at the treatment site without need for clean-room facilities and related infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenlu Zhu
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nirav Shah
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Huiqing Xu
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dina Schneider
- Lentigen Technology, Inc., A Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Rimas Orentas
- Lentigen Technology, Inc., A Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Boro Dropulic
- Lentigen Technology, Inc., A Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carolyn A Keever-Taylor
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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48
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Ali MF, Dasari H, Van Keulen VP, Carmona EM. Canonical Stimulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Fungal Antigens Links Innate and Adaptive B-Lymphocyte Responses by Modulating IL-1β and IgM Production. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1504. [PMID: 29170665 PMCID: PMC5684107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in response to different bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens and serves as modulator of different pattern recognition receptors signaling pathways. One of the main functions of NLRP3 is to participate in IL-1β maturation which is important in the host defense against Pneumocystis and other fungal infections. However, dysregulation of NLRP3 and IL-1β secretion are also implicated in the pathophysiology of many auto-inflammatory disorders. Often time’s inflammatory flares are preceded by infectious illnesses questioning the role of infection in autoimmune exacerbations. However, we still do not fully understand the exact role that infection or even colonization plays as a trigger of inflammation. Herein, we investigated the role of NLRP3 in circulating B-lymphocytes following activation with two major microbial antigens (β-glucan and CpG). NLRP3 was determined essential in two independent B-lymphocytes processes: pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and antibody regulation. Our results show that the β-glucan fungal cell wall carbohydrate stimulated B-lymphocytes to secrete IL-1β in a process partially mediated by Dectin-1 activation via SYK and the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. This IL-1β secretion was regulated by the NLRP3 inflammasome and was dependent on potassium efflux and Caspase-1. Interestingly, B-lymphocytes activated by unmethylated CpG motifs, found in bacterial and fungal DNA, failed to induce IL-1β. However, B-lymphocyte stimulation by CpG resulted in NLRP3 and Caspase-1 activation and the production and secretion of IgM antibodies. Furthermore, CpG-stimulated IgM secretion, unlike β-glucan-mediated IL-1β production, was mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Inhibition of NLRP3 and the mTOR pathway in CpG activated B-lymphocytes resulted in impaired IgM secretion suggesting their participation in antibody regulation. In conclusion, this study describes a differential response of NLRP3 to β-glucan and CpG antigens and identifies the NLRP3 inflammasome of human circulating B-lymphocytes as a modulator of the innate and adaptive immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Ali
- The Thoracic Diseases Research Unit and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Harika Dasari
- The Thoracic Diseases Research Unit and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Virginia P Van Keulen
- The Thoracic Diseases Research Unit and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eva M Carmona
- The Thoracic Diseases Research Unit and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
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49
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Kumar R, de Mooij T, Peterson TE, Kaptzan T, Johnson AJ, Daniels DJ, Parney IF. Modulating glioma-mediated myeloid-derived suppressor cell development with sulforaphane. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179012. [PMID: 28666020 PMCID: PMC5493295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary tumor of the brain and has few long-term survivors. The local and systemic immunosuppressive environment created by glioblastoma allows it to evade immunosurveillance. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a critical component of this immunosuppression. Understanding mechanisms of MDSC formation and function are key to developing effective immunotherapies. In this study, we developed a novel model to reliably generate human MDSCs from healthy-donor CD14+ monocytes by culture in human glioma-conditioned media. Monocytic MDSC frequency was assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The resulting MDSCs robustly inhibited T cell proliferation. A cytokine array identified multiple components of the GCM potentially contributing to MDSC generation, including Monocyte Chemoattractive Protein-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF). Of these, Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor is a particularly attractive therapeutic target as sulforaphane, a naturally occurring MIF inhibitor derived from broccoli sprouts, has excellent oral bioavailability. Sulforaphane inhibits the transformation of normal monocytes to MDSCs by glioma-conditioned media in vitro at pharmacologically relevant concentrations that are non-toxic to normal leukocytes. This is associated with a corresponding increase in mature dendritic cells. Interestingly, sulforaphane treatment had similar pro-inflammatory effects on normal monocytes in fresh media but specifically increased immature dendritic cells. Thus, we have used a simple in vitro model system to identify a novel contributor to glioblastoma immunosuppression for which a natural inhibitor exists that increases mature dendritic cell development at the expense of myeloid-derived suppressor cells when normal monocytes are exposed to glioma conditioned media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tristan de Mooij
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy E. Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Kaptzan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David J. Daniels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ian F. Parney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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50
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Microbial Antigens Stimulate Metalloprotease-7 Secretion in Human B-Lymphocytes Using mTOR-Dependent and Independent Pathways. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634370 PMCID: PMC5478602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to tissue remodeling and acute inflammation not only by degrading extracellular matrix proteins but also by controlling the influx of chemokines through the regulation and shedding of syndecans. B-lymphocytes, in addition to their well-known function as antibody producing cells, participate in the innate immune response by secreting inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, there is little information about the role of B-lymphocytes in the regulation of MMPs; consequently, herein we investigated whether activated human circulating B-lymphocytes contributed to the secretion of MMPs. We demonstrate that B-lymphocytes activated by un-methylated CpG motifs, found in bacterial DNA, and β-glucans, found in the cell wall of fungi, both induced MMP-7. Interestingly, while CpG-stimulated cells activated the mTOR pathway via TLR9 receptor to induced MMP-7, β-glucan-stimulated cells were mTOR-independent and used Dectin-1 receptor. B-lymphocytes did not seem to have a major role in the secretion of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). However, secreted MMP-7 participated in the shedding of Syndecan-4 from the surface of B-lymphocytes. In conclusion, circulating human B-lymphocytes contribute to the regulation of the innate immune system by participating in the secretion of MMP-7 which in turn is important for the shedding of Syndecan-4 in response to infectious stimuli.
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