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Smith MA, Armas SP, Camp JD, Carlson HN. The positive reinforcing effects of cocaine and opposite-sex social contact: roles of biological sex and estrus. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06648-z. [PMID: 38992255 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical studies report that drug use and social contact mutually influence the reinforcing effects of one another. Most of these studies have used same-sex dyads exclusively, and the role of factors related to biological sex and hormonal fluctuations are not well understood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the reinforcing effects of cocaine and social contact with an opposite-sex partner in male and female rats, and how these effects are modulated by ovarian hormones. METHODS Male and female rats were trained in a nonexclusive choice procedure in which cocaine and social contact with an opposite-sex partner were simultaneously available on concurrent progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. To examine the effects of ovarian hormones related to estrous cycling, Experiment 1 used naturally cycling, gonadally intact females, whereas Experiment 2 used ovariectomized females, and estrus was artificially induced with exogenous hormones. RESULTS In both experiments, cocaine and social contact functioned as robust reinforcers, and there were no significant effects of biological sex or estrus status of the females. The positive reinforcing effects of both cocaine and social contact increased as a function of cocaine dose, indicating that contingent cocaine administration increases the reinforcing effects of social contact. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cocaine use among opposite-sex partners may enhance factors that contribute to social bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Smith
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, 209 Ridge Road, PO Box 5000, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA.
| | - Samantha P Armas
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, 209 Ridge Road, PO Box 5000, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA
| | - Jacob D Camp
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, 209 Ridge Road, PO Box 5000, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA
| | - Hannah N Carlson
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, 209 Ridge Road, PO Box 5000, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA
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2
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Smith MA, Camp JD, Johansen AN, Strickland JC. Response-contingent cocaine increases the reinforcing effectiveness of social contact. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 32:255-262. [PMID: 37707472 PMCID: PMC10937325 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies report a high concordance rate of drug use within groups, suggesting an interplay between drug reinforcement and social cohesion. Preclinical studies reveal that (a) contingent access to a social partner increases cocaine intake and (b) experimenter-delivered cocaine increases the reinforcing effects of social contact. The purpose of this study was to determine if response-contingent cocaine increases the reinforcing effectiveness of social contact. Male rats were implanted with intravenous catheters and trained on a fixed ratio (FR1) schedule for 30-s access to a social partner. The reinforcing effectiveness of social contact was then determined using a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. After the PR test, rats were divided into two groups in which each response on an FR1 schedule produced social access and either response-contingent cocaine (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) or saline. After 9 days, the reinforcing effectiveness of social contact in the absence of infusions was determined again on the PR schedule. The cocaine and saline reinforcers were then switched between groups and the latter procedures were repeated. Recent exposure to response-contingent cocaine increased the reinforcing effectiveness of social contact on the PR schedule. This effect was transient, and the reinforcing effectiveness of social contact returned to baseline levels once response-contingent cocaine was replaced with saline. These data indicate that recent exposure to response-contingent cocaine transiently increases the reinforcing effectiveness of social contact and suggest that cocaine use may strengthen social cohesion by increasing the reinforcing effects of social contact with other individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Smith
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College
| | - Jacob D Camp
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College
| | | | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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3
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Mantzari E, Ventsel M, Pechey E, Lee I, Pilling M, Hollands GJ, Marteau TM. Impact on sales of adding a smaller serving size of beer and cider in licensed premises: an A-B-A reversal design. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1239. [PMID: 37365548 PMCID: PMC10294394 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smaller serving sizes of alcoholic drinks could reduce alcohol consumption across populations thereby lowering the risk of many diseases. The effect of modifying the available range of serving sizes of beer and cider in a real-world setting has yet to be studied. The current study assessed the impact on beer and cider sales of adding a serving size of draught beer and cider (2/3 pint) that was between the current smallest (1/2 pint) and largest (1 pint) standard serving sizes. METHODS Twenty-two licensed premises in England consented to taking part in the study. The study used an ABA reversal design, set over three 4-weekly periods, with A representing the non-intervention periods, during which standard serving sizes were served and B the intervention period when a 2/3 pint serving size of draught beer and cider was added to the existing range, along with smaller 1/2 pint and larger 1 pint serving sizes. The primary outcome was the daily volume of beer and cider sold, extracted from sales data. RESULTS Fourteen premises started the study, of which thirteen completed it. Twelve of those did so per protocol and were included in the primary analysis. After adjusting for pre-specified covariates, the intervention did not have a significant effect on the volume of beer and cider sold per day (3.14 ml; 95%CIs -2.29 to 8.58; p = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS In licensed premises, there was no evidence that adding a smaller serving size for draught beer and cider (2/3 pint) when the smallest (1/2 pint) and largest (1 pint) sizes were still available, affected the volume of beer and cider sold. Studies are warranted to assess the impact of removing the largest serving size. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN33169631 (08/09/2021), OSF: https://osf.io/xkgdb/ (08/09/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mantzari
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Minna Ventsel
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily Pechey
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilse Lee
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Pilling
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth J. Hollands
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Theresa M. Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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4
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Sharma G, Chakole S, Prasad R, Wanjari MB, Sharma R. A Review on Preventing Tragedy: Strategies to Combat the Devastating Effects of Adolescent Drug Overdoses. Cureus 2023; 15:e39132. [PMID: 37378166 PMCID: PMC10292105 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent drug overdose deaths are a growing public health crisis, with significant consequences for individuals, families, and communities. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of prevention strategies to combat the devastating effects of adolescent drug overdose. Drawing on a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases, the article evaluates the effectiveness of prevention strategies and identifies risk factors associated with overdose deaths. The review outlines three key prevention strategies, including education and awareness programs, access to treatment and support services, and policy changes and regulations. The article also discusses the limitations and challenges of prevention efforts, including limited access to treatment and support services, the need for more research on effective prevention strategies, and the ongoing challenges posed by the opioid epidemic and the emergence of new synthetic drugs. Overall, this review highlights the urgent need for continued research, innovative prevention strategies, and effective policies to prevent adolescent drug use and overdose deaths and promote healthier communities for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swarupa Chakole
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan Prasad
- Medicine and Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur B Wanjari
- Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ranjana Sharma
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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5
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Nicholas J, Mills B, Hansen S, Bright SJ, Boyd H, Brook L, Watson J, Hopper L. Developing an alcohol and other drug serious game for adolescents: considerations for improving student engagement. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:682-688. [PMID: 35924894 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) education and digital game design preferences among Australian adolescents with the goal of identifying key factors to promote engagement in an AOD serious game for Australian secondary school students. METHODS Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with 36 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants described heightened engagement with AOD education that incorporated relatable and relevant real-life stories and interactive discussions. They also expressed a desire for learning to focus on practical strategies to reduce AOD harm and overcome social pressure to use AOD. Participants highlighted the importance of incorporating relatable characters and context-relevant scenarios in promoting engagement, and identified social elements, player choice, and optimal challenge as important game design considerations. CONCLUSIONS A focus on meaningful realistic scenarios, relatable characters, relevant information and practical skills may promote high school aged students' engagement with AOD educational content. Game designs incorporating social elements and decision-making opportunities may be conducive to promoting engagement and enhancing learning. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Findings from this study can be used by researchers and game designers for the development of future AOD serious games targeted at Australian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nicholas
- Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, Western Australia
| | - Brennen Mills
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia
| | - Sara Hansen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia
| | - Stephen J Bright
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia
| | - Heather Boyd
- Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, Western Australia
| | - Luke Brook
- Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, Western Australia
| | - Jess Watson
- Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, Western Australia
| | - Luke Hopper
- Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, Western Australia
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Jayamaha AR, Dharmarathna ND, Herath ND, Ranadeva ND, Fernando MM, Samarasinghe KL, Amarabandu PN, Senanayake B, Darshana T, Renuka N, Rajapakse IH, Gunasekara CP, Meegoda L, Fernando N. The Pattern of Substance Use and Characteristics of the Individuals Enrolled in Residential Treatment at Selected Rehabilitation Centers in Sri Lanka: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Subst Abuse 2022; 16:11782218221100823. [PMID: 35645565 PMCID: PMC9130826 DOI: 10.1177/11782218221100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Substance use becomes censorious when it leads to harmful effects on
individuals, their families, and the community. The nature of substance use
in Sri Lankan context is poorly understood and empirical evidences are
sparse. The study aimed to describe patterns of substance use and
characteristics of the individuals enrolled in residential treatment at
selected rehabilitation centers in Sri Lanka. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 205 individuals
enrolled in selected rehabilitation centers. Pretested
interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were
analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Most of the individuals who enrolled in residential treatment at selected
rehabilitation centers were unmarried (n = 124, 60.5%), Sinhala (n = 186,
90.7%), Buddhist (n = 166, 81.0%), males (n = 202, 98.5%) and belonged to
the young adult age (18-35 years) category (n = 178, 86.8%). All the
participants were poly-drug users and cannabis was the most commonly used
(n = 183, 89.3%) illicit drug followed by heroin (n = 172, 83.9%),
methamphetamine (n = 150, 73.2%) and cocaine (n = 78, 38%). The most
(n = 152, 74.1%) problematic substance for life was heroin. Most of the
participants (n = 149, 72.7%) had used drugs several times per day. The mean
duration of substance use was 7 ± 5 years. Participants (n = 177, 86.3%)
reported that the substances were available in their residential areas and
their friends (n = 197, 96.1%) were also using the substances. Conclusions: Pattern of substance use and characteristics of the individuals were unique
in Sri Lanka and need to be considered when implementing and strengthening
the programs for drug prevention and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nilani Renuka
- National Dangerous Drugs Control Board, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Lalitha Meegoda
- University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Neluka Fernando
- University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li N, Chen Z. Altered neural processing of social reward in male heroin abstainers. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 176:142-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Meulewaeter F, De Schauwer E, De Pauw SSW, Vanderplasschen W. "I Grew Up Amidst Alcohol and Drugs:" a Qualitative Study on the Lived Experiences of Parental Substance Use Among Adults Who Developed Substance Use Disorders Themselves. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:768802. [PMID: 35185647 PMCID: PMC8847438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.768802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing parental substance use (PSU) has been associated with a heightened risk of developing substance use disorders (SUDs) in offspring. The primary goal of this study was to explore perspectives of adult children with lived experience of PSU who also developed SUDs themselves through first-hand experience. This study was conducted in Flanders (Belgium). A qualitative exploratory research design was applied. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult children of parents with SUDs (range: 29-48 years) who themselves had developed SUDs. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Three overarching themes emerged through thematic analysis: 1) loneliness and neglect in childhood; 2) stigma and the self; and 3) the role of social connection in substance use and recovery. The narratives highlighted the central role of feelings of loneliness, isolation and belonging among children of parents with SUDs in childhood and adulthood. Increasing public awareness on the impact of PSU on children and accessible support is needed to overcome stigma and remove barriers to social inclusion for children of parents with SUDs. Findings may prove valuable in informing policy, program and treatment development aimed at breaking maladaptive intergenerational cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florien Meulewaeter
- Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Jordanian University Students' Lived Experience of Misusing Amphetamine (Captagon): A Qualitative Study. J Addict Nurs 2022; 33:20-26. [PMID: 35230057 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance misuse is a growing problem among Jordanian university students. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of university students who misuse Captagon (amphetamines). METHODS The interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology was used. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 10 Jordanian university students, aged 17-22 years, who were using Captagon (amphetamines) for the last 6 months. RESULTS Three major themes detailed participants' experiences with Captagon: (a) causes for use, (b) effects of taking amphetamines, and (c) seeking help behaviors and support. Participants who experienced academic and personal stress sought help from friends, who provided them with Captagon pills as a way to overcome their life challenges. Initially, taking Captagon provided participants with a sense of control, but it did not solve their problems. Later or as the days passed by, they experienced increased level of stress, felt disorganized in a way that they missed classes, and were being socially isolated. Participants finally sought community help for their problem, but this was difficult because of stigmatizing attitudes in their community toward substance misuse. CONCLUSIONS Increasing university students' knowledge about the negative consequences of substance misuse and raising awareness of strategies to address the problem will help young people to make more informed choices, because today's young generation are tomorrow's citizens.
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Lee H, Chung D. Characterization of the Core Determinants of Social Influence From a Computational and Cognitive Perspective. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:846535. [PMID: 35509882 PMCID: PMC9059935 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.846535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Most human decisions are made among social others, and in what social context the choices are made is known to influence individuals' decisions. Social influence has been noted as an important factor that may nudge individuals to take more risks (e.g., initiation of substance use), but ironically also help individuals to take safer actions (e.g., successful abstinence). Such bi-directional impacts of social influence hint at the complexity of social information processing. Here, we first review the recent computational approaches that shed light on neural and behavioral mechanisms underlying social influence following basic computations involved in decision-making: valuation, action selection, and learning. We next review the studies on social influence from various fields including neuroeconomics, developmental psychology, social psychology, and cognitive neuroscience, and highlight three dimensions of determinants-who are the recipients, how the social contexts are presented, and to what domains and processes of decisions the influence is applied-that modulate the extent to which individuals are influenced by others. Throughout the review, we also introduce the brain regions that were suggested as neural instantiations of social influence from a large body of functional neuroimaging studies. Finally, we outline the remaining questions to be addressed in the translational application of computational and cognitive theories of social influence to psychopathology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.,Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dongil Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
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11
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Birth order and alcohol-related mortality by ethnic origin and national context: Within-family comparisons for Finland and Sweden. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108859. [PMID: 34198139 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that birth order is an important predictor of later life health, including hospitalisation for alcohol use. We examine the relationship between birth order and alcohol-related mortality in two national contexts, within native families who differ on ethnic origin. METHODS We study the association between birth order and alcohol-related mortality after age 17, using Finnish register data for cohorts born 1953-1999 and Swedish register data for cohorts born 1940-1999. We apply Cox proportional hazard models and use sibling fixed effects that eliminate confounding by factors shared by siblings. We separate full-sibling groups by ethnic origin, which for Finland means mother's and father's Finnish or Swedish ethnolinguistic affiliation. For Sweden, we distinguish native-born according to whether one or both parents were born in Sweden or Finland. RESULTS We find a positive correlation between birth order and alcohol-related mortality, but only for ethnic Finns in Finland and primarily men. Within these sibling groups, second-borns have an alcohol-related mortality risk that is 9% higher than that of first-borns, third-borns 19 % higher, fourth-borns 22 % higher, and fifth- or higher-borns 47 % higher. No such birth order associations can be found for any of the other ethnic groups analysed in Finland or Sweden. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cultural-related behaviours typical for ethnic groups, and the national context in which they are studied, are relevant for whether any association between birth order and alcohol-related mortality can be observed. Differences in the social interplay within the family may be an important factor.
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12
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Delaney D, Balestrieri SG, Bassett SS, Stein LAR. A Brief Screen to Detect Cannabis Use Disorder Among Incarcerated Youth. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2021.1943587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shayna S. Bassett
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
- Steppingstone, Inc., Fall River, MA, USA
| | - L. A. R. Stein
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Rhode Island Training School, Cranston, RI, USA
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13
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Trinidad JE. Social consequences and contexts of adverse childhood experiences. Soc Sci Med 2021; 277:113897. [PMID: 33848719 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences' (ACEs) negative consequences on health, education, and life opportunities are often explained through the neurodevelopmental changes in a person's stress reactivity and coping, which contribute to the adoption of health-damaging and antisocial behaviors. However, such focus on the biological dimension eclipses the equally important social dimension of adversity, in particular, how adversities at home can influence association with peers who exhibit and can exacerbate negative behaviors like early and binge drinking, illegal drug use, and gang involvement. More than the consequences for peer formation, this study also investigates the contexts in which ACEs are most predictive. Using a longitudinal study of US youths who were adolescents in 2007 and young adults in 2017, I find that experiencing adversity predicted involvement in peers exhibiting negative behaviors. However, the consequences of ACEs are not similar for everyone and for every outcome: (1) In disadvantaged families where ACEs were most likely, experiencing adversity influenced having peers in gangs but not the other outcomes. (2) In the most advantaged families where ACEs were least likely, having an ACE only predicted adult peers' regular drug use. (3) In families who were in the middle, experiencing adversity predicted early and binge drinking among peers. Taken together, they suggest that complex social processes and environments operate in the negative effects of ACEs, and the present research suggests a method to investigate how ACEs' impact may differ according to one's social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Eos Trinidad
- Departments of Comparative Human Development and Sociology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute for the Science and Art of Learning and Teaching, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines.
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Chung D, Orloff MA, Lauharatanahirun N, Chiu PH, King-Casas B. Valuation of peers' safe choices is associated with substance-naïveté in adolescents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31729-31737. [PMID: 33257568 PMCID: PMC7749349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social influences on decision-making are particularly pronounced during adolescence and have both protective and detrimental effects. To evaluate how responsiveness to social signals may be linked to substance use in adolescents, we used functional neuroimaging and a gambling task in which adolescents who have and have not used substances (substance-exposed and substance-naïve, respectively) made choices alone and after observing peers' decisions. Using quantitative model-based analyses, we identify behavioral and neural evidence that observing others' safe choices increases the subjective value and selection of safe options for substance-naïve relative to substance-exposed adolescents. Moreover, the effects of observing others' risky choices do not vary by substance exposure. These results provide neurobehavioral evidence for a role of positive peers (here, those who make safer choices) in guiding adolescent real-world risky decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongil Chung
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Mark A Orloff
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016
| | - Nina Lauharatanahirun
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Pearl H Chiu
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016;
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Brooks King-Casas
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016;
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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15
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Saarela J, Kolk M. Alcohol-related mortality by ethnic origin of natives: a prospective cohort study based on multigenerational population register data from Finland and Sweden. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e042234. [PMID: 33444215 PMCID: PMC7682461 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to assess alcohol-related mortality of persons with mixed and uniform ethnic origins in two national contexts. SETTING Data were from the multigenerational population registers of the total population of Finland and Sweden observed from 1971 to 2017. Study persons were men and women of ethnic Finnish and Swedish background, born in their country of residence. PARTICIPANTS Persons were born between 1953 and 1999. In Finland, ethnic origin was assessed through own, mother's and father's Finnish or Swedish ethnolinguistic affiliation. Data on Sweden included persons born in Sweden, with mother and father born in Sweden or Finland. A total of 2 997 867 and 4 148 794 persons were included in the Finnish and Swedish data, respectively. The total number of alcohol-related deaths by main cause was 13 204 and 3336. Cox regressions were used to examine associations. OUTCOME MEASURES For the period 1971-2017, we studied alcohol as the main cause of death. For the period 1996-2017, we observed if alcohol was the main or contributing cause of death. Parallel analyses were performed for all-cause mortality. RESULTS For men in Finland, the hazard rate of alcohol-related mortality of Swedish speakers with uniform Swedish background was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.52) that of Finnish speakers with uniform Finnish background. The corresponding hazard rate for women was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.28 to 0.55). In Sweden, the hazard rate of men with both parents born in Sweden was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.49) that of men with both parents born in Finland. The corresponding hazard rate for women was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.31 to 0.79). In both countries, persons with mixed background had an alcohol-related mortality rate between that of persons with uniform Finnish and Swedish background. CONCLUSION The consistent pattern across countries necessitates increased policy attention towards offspring disadvantaged via parental ethnicity to minimise harmful consequences of alcohol consumption across and within ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Kolk
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Future Studies, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Measurement-based care in adolescent substance use is an important element of the evidence-based framework of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT). Use of a validated measure for detecting substance use, misuse, and substance use disorders is significantly more effective than the use of unvalidated tools or clinician intuition. There are now a variety of established and new validated screening tools that are available for use with adolescents and that capture the range of adolescent substance use behaviors. This area, however, continues to evolve rapidly.
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Fernandes ND, Banik S, Abughali N, Sthapit B, Abdullah N, Fragassi P. Hepatitis C Virus Screening Among Adolescents Attending a Drug Rehabilitation Center. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2020; 9:437-441. [PMID: 31603512 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has a strong association with intravenous drug use (IVDU). IVDU is a growing public health concern, even in the adolescent population. To our knowledge, there are no published HCV screening studies targeting high-risk adolescents who attend drug rehabilitation centers.This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of HCV infection utilizing point-of-care (POC) testing at an adolescent drug rehabilitation center and gain a preliminary understanding of the acceptance rate for HCV screening in this high-risk population. METHODS This single-center, observational study was conducted at a major drug rehabilitation center in northeast Ohio from July 2016 to June 2017. The consented adolescents who presented at the center were recruited to participate in HCV screening. The participants were administered a survey to assess their demographics and risk behavior profile followed by HCV testing utilizing a POC test. RESULTS During the study period, 150 adolescents were admitted to the drug rehabilitation center, of whom 100 were approached and 85 agreed to participate. Forty percent of the participants (34/85) were females, and 78% (66/85) were white. HCV prevalence among participants was 5% (4/85), all of whom were females. History of heroin use was reported by 15% (13/85) and it was associated with HCV seropositivity; 100% (4/4) of all HCV-positive individuals reported the use of heroin vs only 11% (9/81) of HCV-negative individuals (P = .0004). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a high prevalence of HCV among adolescents attending a drug rehabilitation center with high acceptance of POC HCV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swagata Banik
- Department of Public Health & Prevention Science, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, Ohio, USA
| | - Nazha Abughali
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bonisha Sthapit
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Neelab Abdullah
- Department of Public Health & Prevention Science, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, Ohio, USA
| | - Philip Fragassi
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Morrell HER, Hilton BT, Rugless KL. Correlates of Substance Use Among American Indian/Alaska Native Adolescents. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-018-9971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ngoc Do H, Ngoc Nguyen D, Quynh Thi Nguyen H, Tuan Nguyen A, Duy Nguyen H, Phuong Bui T, Bich Thi Vu T, Thanh Le K, Tuan Nguyen D, Tat Nguyen C, Gia Vu L, Thu Vu G, Xuan Tran B, A. Latkin C, C. M. Ho R, S. H. Ho C. Patterns of Risky Sexual Behaviors and Associated Factors among Youths and Adolescents in Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1903. [PMID: 32183402 PMCID: PMC7143552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Youths and adolescents are vulnerable to HIV/STIs from unprotected sex. Promotion of young population's awareness about risky sexual behaviors is essential to develop contextualized interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five Vietnamese provinces to document current attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviors among youths. The information on sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and sexual behaviors was collected via self-reported questionnaires. The factors associated with risky sexual behaviors were identified by the multivariate logistic regression. Among the 1200 participants, 73.5% reported having sex in their lifetime, and 48.1% used condoms at their latest sexual intercourse. Participants in urban areas were more likely not to intend to use condoms and had a higher unintended pregnancy rate than in rural areas. Older age was positively associated with not wanting to use and not using condoms. Substance-using participants were more likely to not use condoms. The participants taking alcohol or other stimulants before sex had a higher likelihood of unintended pregnancy. Respondents' attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviors were associated with gender and employment. This study indicated that young population's awareness in Vietnam is high, however, risky sexual behaviors also remain common. Sex-related educational programs about the consequences of substance use, multiple sex partners, and unprotected sex should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ngoc Do
- Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Diep Ngoc Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Quynh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Research on Youth Culture and Lifestyle, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.Q.T.N.); (A.T.N.)
| | - Anh Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Research on Youth Culture and Lifestyle, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.Q.T.N.); (A.T.N.)
| | - Hiep Duy Nguyen
- Department of Research on Children’s issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.D.N.); (T.P.B.)
| | - Thanh Phuong Bui
- Department of Research on Children’s issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.D.N.); (T.P.B.)
| | - Thao Bich Thi Vu
- Department of Research on Youth’s Organisations and Youth Campaign, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.B.T.V.); (K.T.L.)
| | - Khiet Thanh Le
- Department of Research on Youth’s Organisations and Youth Campaign, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.B.T.V.); (K.T.L.)
| | - Dung Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Research on Youth and Legal issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Linh Gia Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (L.G.V.); (G.T.V.)
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (L.G.V.); (G.T.V.)
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
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Nkansah-Amankra S. Revisiting the Association Between "Gateway Hypothesis" of Early Drug Use and Drug Use Progression: A Cohort Analysis of Peer Influences on Drug Use Progression Among a Population Cohort. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:998-1007. [PMID: 32077787 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1720245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective: Findings from observational studies indicate that early drug use is a strong predictor of further drug abuse. Because competing explanations abound in cross-sectional studies, causal interpretations from these investigations pose considerable challenge. We evaluated the relationship between early drug use and progression, while estimating modifying influences of adolescents' social contexts. Method: We applied a national longitudinal survey of 11,182 adolescents growing into adulthood over a 14-year period. The data provided a natural setting to evaluate the relationship between early drug use and drug use in three subsequent waves. We applied generalized estimating equation models to analyze these relationships. Results: Evidence showed over a relatively short period (approximately one year) early drug use was an independent predictor of illicit drugs in adolescence but not adulthood. The adjusted odds ratio for using substances in adulthood were marijuana (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI: 1.11-1.60), illicit drugs (aOR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04-2.12) and cocaine (aOR, 5.00; 95% CI: 2.75-9.10). Further, drug use was higher among older adolescence living in a neighborhood and reporting drug use as a big problem. In adulthood, neighborhood drug problems appear to have minimal influence on drug use escalation. Conclusion: The current findings call into question the causal interpretation of early drug use among adolescents as determinants of future drug escalation in adulthood. The overall impact of peer relationships on future drug escalation might depend on not only the extent of adolescent closeness to peers but also on continuity of friendship over time and other influencing social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Nkansah-Amankra
- Department of Behavioral & Community Health (BCH), School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Viola TW, Niederauer JPO, Kluwe-Schiavon B, Sanvicente-Vieira B, Grassi-Oliveira R. Cocaine use disorder in females is associated with altered social decision-making: a study with the prisoner's dilemma and the ultimatum game. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:211. [PMID: 31277620 PMCID: PMC6612218 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cocaine use is associated with cognitive deficits, including poor performance on neuropsychological tasks of memory, executive functions, theory of mind and decision-making. However, the relationship between cocaine use disorder and social decision-making remains unclear. This is particularly relevant given the fact that many cocaine abusers present impairments in social functioning. In this sense, game theory paradigms have been helping to comprehend the behavior of psychiatric patients when they directly engage in social situations, which may better approximate many of their real-life choices. METHODS The present study investigated social decision-making in individuals with or without cocaine use disorder, examining their behavior in the Prisoner's Dilemma and in the Ultimatum Game. Thus, 129 females diagnosed with cocaine use disorder and 55 females with no history of substance abuse were recruited and performed both social decision-making tasks. Additional assessments included information about demographics, patterns of substance consumption and executive function performance. RESULTS Females with cocaine use disorder opted more often to not defect in the Prisoner's Dilemma, while in the Ultimatum Game they frequently chose to accept the first and unfair offer as responders. These effects were more pronounced within females with long-term history of cocaine use. Associations between cocaine use disorder and altered social decision-making were independent from demographic and executive function variables. CONCLUSIONS The influence of cocaine use disorder on social decision-making was detected in both game paradigms, resulting in more cooperative behavior in the Prisoner's Dilemma and higher acceptance rate of unfair offers in the Ultimatum Game. Further studies should focus on investigating these associations to shed light on the putative biopsychosocial factors underlying the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Wendt Viola
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Avenida Ipiranga 6690 – Prédio 63, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - João Paulo Otolia Niederauer
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Avenida Ipiranga 6690 – Prédio 63, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon
- 0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology Laboratory Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Breno Sanvicente-Vieira
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Avenida Ipiranga 6690 – Prédio 63, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Avenida Ipiranga 6690 - Prédio 63, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Marshall SA, Henry TR, Spivey LA, Rhodes SD, Prinstein MJ, Ip EH. Social Context of Sexual Minority Adolescents and Relationship to Alcohol Use. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:615-621. [PMID: 30786969 PMCID: PMC9132699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peer relationships are especially relevant during adolescence and may contribute to sexuality-based disparities in substance use. This study uses social network analysis to examine how social networks may serve as risk or protective factors for sexual minority youth in the context of alcohol use. METHODS Social network analysis was applied to 11th to 12th graders in three diverse high schools in a rural area of the Southeast United States. The network consists of 1,179 students, 607 of whom were participants in the study and nominated friends. Regression models were used to examine how potential predictors of alcohol use may function differently for sexual minority and majority students. RESULTS Approximately one fourth of students were classified as sexual minorities, inclusive of students who self-identified or reported any same-sex romantic attraction or sexual experience. These students did not use alcohol in greater amounts than students in the sexual majority. They received fewer incoming friendship nominations (p < .05) although a higher percentage of friendships were reciprocated (p < .05). They exhibited lower eigenvector centrality (p = .01), and their networks were less cohesive (p < .001). However, low centrality and low density did not predict greater alcohol consumption. Sexual minorities appeared to be influenced less strongly by peers' alcohol use, and friendships with sexual minorities further mitigated peer influence. CONCLUSION Sexual minorities occupied less prominent positions within their social networks. However, these network differences did not place sexual minorities at increased risk of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Marshall
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 525 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA,Corresponding Author, (415-902-9774)
| | - Teague R. Henry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Leigh A. Spivey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Scott D. Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Edward H. Ip
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 525 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
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Sudhinaraset M, Wigglesworth C, Takeuchi DT. Social and Cultural Contexts of Alcohol Use: Influences in a Social-Ecological Framework. Alcohol Res 2016; 38:35-45. [PMID: 27159810 PMCID: PMC4872611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use and misuse account for 3.3 million deaths every year, or 6 percent of all deaths worldwide. The harmful effects of alcohol misuse are far reaching and range from individual health risks, morbidity, and mortality to consequences for family, friends, and the larger society. This article reviews a few of the cultural and social influences on alcohol use and places individual alcohol use within the contexts and environments where people live and interact. It includes a discussion of macrolevel factors, such as advertising and marketing, immigration and discrimination factors, and how neighborhoods, families, and peers influence alcohol use. Specifically, the article describes how social and cultural contexts influence alcohol use/misuse and then explores future directions for alcohol research.
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Ewing BA, Tucker JS, Miles JN, Shih RA, Kulesza M, Pedersen ER, D’Amico EJ. Early Substance Use and Subsequent DUI in Adolescents. Pediatrics 2015; 136:868-75. [PMID: 26438702 PMCID: PMC4943221 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about risk factors in early adolescence that lead to driving under the influence (DUI) and riding with a drinking driver (RWDD). In a diverse group of adolescents, we longitudinally explored the influence of alcohol and marijuana (AM) use, AM beliefs, and peer and family factors (including familism) on DUI/RWDD in high school. METHODS We conducted 3 surveys 2 years apart of 1189 students recruited from 16 middle schools in Southern California. We used multivariable models to evaluate the effects of AM use, AM beliefs, and peer and family factors at ages 12 and 14 on DUI/RWDD at age 16. RESULTS At age 12, adolescents with more positive beliefs about marijuana (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-2.20) and more ability to resist marijuana offers (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.22-2.92) had significantly higher risk of DUI/RWDD 4 years later. At age 14, youth with more past month alcohol use (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.07-4.11), positive beliefs about marijuana (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.31-2.13), exposure to peer AM use (alcohol: OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02; marijuana: OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.28-4.53), and family marijuana use (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.12-2.11) had higher risk of DUI/RWDD at age 16. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate a need to target adolescents as young as sixth grade at multiple levels to help prevent DUI/RWDD in high school. Given recent changes in legislation in several states, research should begin to focus on the distinction between DUI/RWDD of AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A. Ewing
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California; and,Address correspondence to Brett A. Ewing, MS, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138. E-mail:
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Fowler PJ, Henry DB, Marcal KE. Family and housing instability: Longitudinal impact on adolescent emotional and behavioral well-being. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2015; 53:364-74. [PMID: 26188460 PMCID: PMC6088377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the longitudinal effects of family structure changes and housing instability in adolescence on functioning in the transition to adulthood. A model examined the influence of household composition changes and mobility in context of ethnic differences and sociodemographic risks. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health measured household and residential changes over a 12-month period among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Assessments in young adulthood measured rates of depression, criminal activity, and smoking. Findings suggested housing mobility in adolescence predicted poorer functioning across outcomes in young adulthood, and youth living in multigenerational homes exhibited greater likelihood to be arrested than adolescents in single-generation homes. However, neither family structure changes nor its interaction with residential instability or ethnicity related to young adult outcomes. Findings emphasized the unique influence of housing mobility in the context of dynamic household compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Fowler
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - David B Henry
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
| | - Katherine E Marcal
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Freitas EAMD, Luis MAV. Percepção de estudantes sobre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e drogas ilícitas. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Compreender a percepção de estudantes do ensino médio sobre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e drogas ilícitas. Métodos Foi desenvolvido estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal e de abordagem qualitativa por meio da técnica de grupo focal. Participaram da pesquisa 24 estudantes de ensino médio de quatro escolas selecionadas por sorteio, divididos em 4 grupos. As falas dos estudantes foram gravadas, transcritas e realizada análise léxical. Resultados Foram classificadas 74 unidades de contextos elementares que foram dividos em quatro classes lexicais e nomeadas segundo o sentido que revelam em: existência do consumo; motivação para o consumo; influência familiar e controle e consequências. Conclusão A percepção dos estudantes sobre o consumo de substâncias psicoativas demonstra que no cenário atual o consumo de álcool permeia o universo juvenil de forma marcante.
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Ewing BA, Osilla KC, Pedersen ER, Hunter SB, Miles JNV, D'Amico EJ. Longitudinal family effects on substance use among an at-risk adolescent sample. Addict Behav 2015; 41:185-91. [PMID: 25452064 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult and peer factors may influence whether adolescents use alcohol and other drugs (AOD). This longitudinal study examined the direct effects of adult monitoring, perceived adult AOD use, and cultural values on adolescent AOD use. METHODS Participants were 193 at-risk adolescents referred to a California diversion program called Teen Court for a first-time AOD offense. We assessed youth reports of past 30day AOD use (any alcohol use, heavy drinking, marijuana use), demographics, changes in parental monitoring and family values (from baseline to follow-up 180days later), as well as family structure and perceived adult substance use at follow-up. RESULTS Adolescents who reported that a significant adult in their life used marijuana were more likely to have increased days of drinking, heavy drinking, and marijuana use at follow-up. Higher levels of familism (importance the teen places on their family's needs over their own needs) and being in a nuclear family served as protective factors for future alcohol use. Additionally, poor family management was associated with increased alcohol use and heavy drinking. CONCLUSION Findings highlight how family management and perceptions of adult marijuana use influence subsequent adolescent AOD use, and how an increase in familism over time is associated with a decrease in adolescent drinking. Tailoring interventions, by including the teen's family and/or providing support to adults who use AOD may be crucial for improving interventions for adolescent AOD use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Ewing
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, United States.
| | - Karen Chan Osilla
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, United States
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, United States
| | - Sarah B Hunter
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, United States
| | - Jeremy N V Miles
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, United States
| | - Elizabeth J D'Amico
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, United States
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Strandberg AK, Bodin MC, Romelsjö A. Gender differences in the prediction of parental servings of alcohol to adolescents and youth drunkenness. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:1857-66. [PMID: 24832724 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.913628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study, funded by the Swedish National Institute of Public Health, explored gender differences in predictors of parental servings of alcohol to youth and youth drunkenness. Data were collected from 1,752 Swedish 7th-grade youth and their parents, at three occasions between 2007 and 2010. Measurements included youth alcohol use, parental warmth, and parental control. Two-level logistic regressions showed that 15-year-old girls are more likely to be served alcohol at home compared to boys, and that there are some gender differences in predictors of drunkenness. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed and areas for future research identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Strandberg
- 1STAD (Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm County Council Health Care Provision, Stockholm, Sweden
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Proximal and distal social influence on alcohol consumption and marijuana use among middle school adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 144:93-101. [PMID: 25195080 PMCID: PMC4324574 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assesses the independent and combined effects of (1) perceived peer norms, (2) best friend use, and (3) being in the presence of others who use on middle school adolescents' consumption of marijuana and alcohol, and how the effects of these sources of social influence evolve over time as youth progress through middle school. METHODS The analytic sample consisted of 11,667 adolescents (50% female; >65% Hispanic) in 6th, 7th or 8th grade from 16 middle schools across three school districts in Southern California. Participants were assessed at 5 time points from 2008 to 2011. RESULTS All sources of social influence were predictive of alcohol and marijuana consumption. As youth grew older, spending time with other adolescents who drink increased adolescents' likelihood of drinking alcohol, whereas perceived norms became less influential. Furthermore, as adolescents spent more time around other youths who drink, the predictive value of perceived norms on alcohol consumption decreased. Similarly, as youth grew older, the influence of best friend's use and spending time with other adolescents who use marijuana remain stable, whereas perceived norms became less influential. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that perceived peer norms may be more influential in early adolescence; whereas proximal social determinants (e.g., being in the presence of other peers who consume) become more influential as youth enter middle adolescence. Prevention programs should continue to address misperception of norms with younger adolescents to decrease the chances of initiation, but also utilize strategies such as refusal skills and alternate coping mechanisms for older adolescents.
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Preller KH, Hulka LM, Vonmoos M, Jenni D, Baumgartner MR, Seifritz E, Dziobek I, Quednow BB. Impaired emotional empathy and related social network deficits in cocaine users. Addict Biol 2014; 19:452-66. [PMID: 23800218 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cocaine users consistently display neurochemical and functional alterations in brain areas involved in social cognition (e.g. medial and orbitofrontal cortex). Although social functioning plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of drug dependence, studies investigating social cognition in cocaine users are lacking. Therefore, we investigated mental perspective taking ('theory of mind') and emotional and cognitive empathy in recreational (RCU) and dependent (DCU) cocaine users. Furthermore, we related these measures to real-life indicators of social functioning. One-hundred cocaine users (69 RCU, 31 DCU) and 68 stimulant-naïve healthy controls were tested with the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). The Social Network Questionnaire was conducted to assess social network size. Furthermore, participants provided information on committed criminal offenses. RCU and DCU showed less emotional empathy compared to controls (MET), whereas cognitive empathy was not impaired (MET, RMET). Additionally, DCU made more errors in mental perspective taking (MASC). Notably, cocaine users committed more criminal offenses and displayed a smaller social network and higher cocaine use was correlated with less social contacts. Diminished mental perspective taking was tentatively correlated with more intense cocaine use as well. Finally, younger age of onset of cocaine use was associated with more pronounced empathy impairment. In conclusion, social cognition impairments in cocaine users were related to real-life social functioning and should therefore be considered in therapy and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin H. Preller
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; University Hospital of Psychiatry; Switzerland
| | - Lea M. Hulka
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; University Hospital of Psychiatry; Switzerland
| | - Matthias Vonmoos
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; University Hospital of Psychiatry; Switzerland
| | - Daniela Jenni
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; University Hospital of Psychiatry; Switzerland
| | - Markus R. Baumgartner
- Center of Forensic Hairanalytics; Institute of Forensic Medicine; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; University Hospital of Psychiatry; Switzerland
| | - Isabel Dziobek
- Cluster Languages of Emotion; Freie Universität Berlin; Germany
| | - Boris B. Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; University Hospital of Psychiatry; Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology; University of Zurich; Switzerland
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Gonzales R, Anglin MD, Glik DC, Zavalza C. Perceptions about recovery needs and drug-avoidance recovery behaviors among youth in substance abuse treatment. J Psychoactive Drugs 2014; 45:297-303. [PMID: 24377168 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2013.825028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study used mixed methods to explore youth attitudes about recovery-related needs and important drug-avoidance behaviors after treatment. METHOD Focus groups were conducted with 118 substance using youth in treatment (four residential and 10 outpatient settings) throughout Los Angeles County. RESULTS The average age was 17.4 (SD = 2.9); 78.3% were male, 66.1% Latino; and most were in treatment for primary marijuana (40.9%) or methamphetamine (30.4%) abuse. Quantitatve results from the drug-avoidance activity survey identified the following factors youth rated as important to their recovery after treatment: lifestyle improvement activities (95.7%); changing personal drug behaviors (89.6%); drug environment/culture change activities (82.5%); with the least important being therapeutic activities (78.5%). Qualitative findings from focus groups that asked what youth think are important for recovery programs to address after treatment revealed the following four areas: (1) recovery promotion to developmentally appropriate activities (95%); (2) facilitating the use of coping skills to deal with stress (85%); (3) offering alternative recovery support options (not just abstinence only) (75%); and (4) continuing to provide substance use education (65%). CONCLUSION Findings highlight essential aspects of recovery in terms of need and drug-avoidance behaviors considered important to youth in treatment. Such information will help to better address clinical and recovery support models aimed at relapse prevention to ensure that the perceived problems of substance-abusing youth are adequately met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gonzales
- lntegrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
| | - M Douglas Anglin
- lntegrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Deborah C Glik
- Psychology Department, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, USA
| | - Christina Zavalza
- Psychology Department, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, USA
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Functional changes of the reward system underlie blunted response to social gaze in cocaine users. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2842-7. [PMID: 24449854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317090111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interaction deficits in drug users likely impede treatment, increase the burden of the affected families, and consequently contribute to the high costs for society associated with addiction. Despite its significance, the neural basis of altered social interaction in drug users is currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated basal social gaze behavior in cocaine users by applying behavioral, psychophysiological, and functional brain-imaging methods. In study I, 80 regular cocaine users and 63 healthy controls completed an interactive paradigm in which the participants' gaze was recorded by an eye-tracking device that controlled the gaze of an anthropomorphic virtual character. Valence ratings of different eye-contact conditions revealed that cocaine users show diminished emotional engagement in social interaction, which was also supported by reduced pupil responses. Study II investigated the neural underpinnings of changes in social reward processing observed in study I. Sixteen cocaine users and 16 controls completed a similar interaction paradigm as used in study I while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. In response to social interaction, cocaine users displayed decreased activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, a key region of reward processing. Moreover, blunted activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex was significantly correlated with a decreased social network size, reflecting problems in real-life social behavior because of reduced social reward. In conclusion, basic social interaction deficits in cocaine users as observed here may arise from altered social reward processing. Consequently, these results point to the importance of reinstatement of social reward in the treatment of stimulant addiction.
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Bühler KM, Huertas E, Echeverry-Alzate V, Giné E, Moltó E, Montoliu L, López-Moreno JA. Risky alcohol consumption in young people is associated with the fatty acid amide hydrolase gene polymorphism C385A and affective rating of drug pictures. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:279-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Neisewander J, Peartree N, Pentkowski N. Emotional valence and context of social influences on drug abuse-related behavior in animal models of social stress and prosocial interaction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 224:33-56. [PMID: 22955569 PMCID: PMC4071609 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Social factors are important determinants of drug dependence and relapse. OBJECTIVES We reviewed pre-clinical literature examining the role of social experiences from early life through the development of drug dependence and relapse, emphasizing two aspects of these experiences: (1) whether the social interaction is appetitive or aversive and (2) whether the social interaction occurs within or outside of the drug-taking context. METHODS The models reviewed include neonatal care, isolation, social defeat, chronic subordination, and prosocial interactions. We review results from these models in regard to effects on self-administration and conditioned place preference established with alcohol, psychostimulants, and opiates. RESULTS We suggest that in general, when the interactions occur outside of the drug-taking context, prosocial interactions are protective against drug abuse-related behaviors, whereas social stressors facilitate these behaviors. By contrast, positive or negative social interactions occurring within the drug-taking context may interact with other risk factors to enhance or inhibit these behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in the nature and complexity of human social behavior compared to other species, the evolving animal literature provides useful models for understanding social influences on drug abuse-related behavior that will allow for research on the behavioral and biological mechanisms involved. The models have contributed to understanding social influences on initiation and maintenance of drug use, but more research is needed to understand social influences on drug relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Neisewander
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501,Corresponding author: Janet Neisewander, Ph.D., School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, , Phone: 480-965-0209, Fax: 480-965-6899
| | - N.A. Peartree
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104
| | - N.S. Pentkowski
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501
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Mundt MP, Parthasarathy S, Chi FW, Sterling S, Campbell CI. 12-Step participation reduces medical use costs among adolescents with a history of alcohol and other drug treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 126:124-30. [PMID: 22633367 PMCID: PMC3430743 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents who attend 12-step groups following alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment are more likely to remain abstinent and to avoid relapse post-treatment. We examined whether 12-step attendance is also associated with a corresponding reduction in health care use and costs. METHODS We used difference-in-difference analysis to compare changes in seven-year follow-up health care use and costs by changes in 12-step participation. Four Kaiser Permanente Northern California AOD treatment programs enrolled 403 adolescents, 13-18-years old, into a longitudinal cohort study upon AOD treatment entry. Participants self-reported 12-step meeting attendance at six-month, one-year, three-year, and five-year follow-up. Outcomes included counts of hospital inpatient days, emergency room (ER) visits, primary care visits, psychiatric visits, AOD treatment costs and total medical care costs. RESULTS Each additional 12-step meeting attended was associated with an incremental medical cost reduction of 4.7% during seven-year follow-up. The medical cost offset was largely due to reductions in hospital inpatient days, psychiatric visits, and AOD treatment costs. We estimate total medical use cost savings at $145 per year (in 2010 U.S. dollars) per additional 12-step meeting attended. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that 12-step participation conveys medical cost offsets for youth who undergo AOD treatment. Reduced costs may be related to improved AOD outcomes due to 12-step participation, improved general health due to changes in social network following 12-step participation, or better compliance to both AOD treatment and 12-step meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon P Mundt
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison 53715, USA.
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Spas J, Ramsey S, Paiva AL, Stein L. All might have won, but not all have the prize: optimal treatment for substance abuse among adolescents with conduct problems. Subst Abuse 2012; 6:141-55. [PMID: 23170066 PMCID: PMC3498967 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s10389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence from the literature on treatment outcomes indicates that substance abuse treatment among adolescents with conduct problems varies widely. Treatments commonly used among this population are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), 12-step facilitation, multisystemic therapy (MST), psychoeducation (PE), and motivational interviewing (MI). This manuscript thoroughly and systematically reviews the available literature to determine which treatment is optimal for substance-abusing adolescents with conduct problems. Results suggest that although there are several evidence-based and empirically supported treatments, those that incorporate family-based intervention consistently provide the most positive treatment outcomes. In particular, this review further reveals that although many interventions have gained empirical support over the years, only one holds the prize as being the optimal treatment of choice for substance abuse treatment among adolescents with conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson Spas
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine at Rhode Island Hospital, 111 Plain Street, Suite 119, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Susan Ramsey
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Medicine Division of General Internal Medicine at Rhode Island Hospital, 111 Plain Street, Suite 117, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Andrea L. Paiva
- University of Rhode Island Cancer Prevention Research Center, 2 Chafee Road, Kinston, RI 02881, USA
| | - L.A.R. Stein
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Psychology, 2 Lower College Road, Kinston, RI 02881, USA
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