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David GM, Pimentel IM, Rehsen PM, Vermiert AM, Leese F, Gessner MO. Multiple stressors affecting microbial decomposer and litter decomposition in restored urban streams: Assessing effects of salinization, increased temperature, and reduced flow velocity in a field mesocosm experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173669. [PMID: 38839005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A multitude of anthropogenic stressors impact biological communities and ecosystem processes in urban streams. Prominent among them are salinization, increased temperature, and altered flow regimes, all of which can affect microbial decomposer communities and litter decomposition, a fundamental ecosystem process in streams. Impairments caused by these stressors individually or in combination and recovery of communities and ecosystem processes after release from these stressors are not well understood. To improve our understanding of multiple stressors impacts we performed an outdoor stream mesocosm experiment with 64 experimental units to assess the response of microbial litter decomposers and decomposition. The three stressors we applied in a full-factorial design were increased salinity (NaCl addition, 0.53 mS cm-1 above ambient), elevated temperature (3.5 °C above ambient), and reduced flow velocity (3.5 vs 14.2 cm s-1). After two weeks of stressor exposure (first sampling) and two subsequent weeks of recovery (second sampling), we determined leaf-associated microbial respiration, fungal biomass, and the sporulation activity and community composition of aquatic hyphomycetes in addition to decomposition rates of black alder (Alnus glutinosa) leaves confined in fine-mesh litter bags. Microbial colonization of the litter was accompanied by significant mass loss in all mesocosms. However, there was little indication that mass loss, microbial respiration, fungal biomass, sporulation rate or community composition of aquatic hyphomycetes was strongly affected by either single stressors or their interactions. Two exceptions were temperature effects on sporulation and decomposition rate. Similarly, no notable differences among mesocosms were observed after the recovery phase. These results suggest that microbial decomposers and leaf litter decomposition are either barely impaired by exposure to the tested stressors at the levels applied in our experiment, or that communities in restored urban streams are well adapted to cope with these stressor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline M David
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany.
| | - Iris Madge Pimentel
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp M Rehsen
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Vermiert
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany; Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
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2
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Esmaeilbeigi M, P Duncan R, J Kefford B, Ezaz T, Clulow S. Evidence for a metal disease refuge: The amphibian-killing fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) is inhibited by environmentally-relevant concentrations of metals tolerated by amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024:119752. [PMID: 39117053 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The amphibian-killing fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused substantial declines in Bd-susceptible amphibian species worldwide. However, some populations of Bd-susceptible frogs have managed to survive at existing metal-polluted sites, giving rise to the hypothesis that frogs might persist in the presence of Bd if Bd is inhibited by metals at concentrations that frogs can tolerate. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the survival of Bd zoospores, the life stage that infects amphibians, and calculated the LC50 after exposure to environmentally-relevant elevated concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and their combination (Cu+Zn) in two repeated 4-day acute exposure runs. We also measured the chronic sensitivity of Bd to these metals over three generations by measuring the number of colonies and live zoospores and calculating EC50 concentrations after 42 days of exposure. We then compared acute and chronic sensitivity of Bd with amphibian sensitivities by constructing species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) using LC50 and EC50 data obtained from the literature. Acute sensitivity data showed that Bd zoospore survival decreased with increasing metal concentrations and exposure durations relative to the control, with the highest LC50 values for Cu and Zn being 2.5 μg/L and 250 μg/L, respectively. Chronic exposures to metals resulted in decreased numbers of Bd colonies and live zoospores after 42 days, with EC50 values of 0.75 μg/L and 1.19 μg/L for Cu and Zn, respectively. Bd zoospore survival was 10 and 8 times more sensitive to Cu and Zn, respectively in acute, and 2 and 5 times more sensitive to Cu and Zn in chronic exposure experiments than the most sensitive amphibian species recorded. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that metals in existing metal-polluted sites may have a greater impact on Bd relative to amphibians' performance, potentially enabling Bd-susceptible amphibians to persist with Bd at these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Esmaeilbeigi
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - Richard P Duncan
- Center for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - Ben J Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Center for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - Simon Clulow
- Center for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia.
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3
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Siriarchawatana P, Harnpicharnchai P, Phithakrotchanakoon C, Kitikhun S, Mayteeworakoon S, Chunhametha S, Hương VTL, Eurwilaichitr L, Jiang C, Cai L, Ingsriswang S. Fungal communities as dual indicators of river biodiversity and water quality assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121252. [PMID: 38340699 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Given their ecological importance, bioindicators are used for the assessment of the health of river ecosystems. This study explored the fungal compositions and the potential of fungal taxa as bioindicators for indicating the water quality of the Mekong River, as the use of fungal indicators of the Mekong River was not previously well characterized. The Mekong River exhibited dynamic variations in both physicochemical/hydrochemical properties and fungal communities according to seasons and locations. The results revealed the dominance of alkaline earth metal ions and weak acids in the water. The magnesium-bicarbonate water type was found in the dry season, but the water became the chloride-calcium type or mixed type of magnesium-bicarbonate and chloride-calcium in the rainy season at downstream sites. Fungal composition analysis revealed the dominance of Chytridiomycota in the dry season and intermediate periods, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in the rainy season. The fungal communities were influenced by stochastic and deterministic assembly processes, mainly homogeneous selection, heterogeneous selection, and dispersal limitation. The extent of environmental filtering implied that some fungal taxa were affected by environmental conditions, suggesting the possibility of identifying certain fungal taxa suitable for being bioindicators of water quality. Subsequently, machine learning with recursive feature elimination identified specific fungal bins mostly consisting of Agaricomycetes (mainly Polyporales, Agaricales, and Auriculariales), Dothideomycetes (mainly Pleosporales), Saccharomycetes (mainly Saccharomycetales), Chytridiomycota, and Rozellomycota as bioindicators that could predict ambient and irrigation water quality with high selectivity and sensitivity. These results thus promote the use of fungal indicators to assess the health of the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paopit Siriarchawatana
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Piyanun Harnpicharnchai
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Chitwadee Phithakrotchanakoon
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Supattra Kitikhun
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sermsiri Mayteeworakoon
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Suwanee Chunhametha
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Vũ Thị Lan Hương
- University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Lily Eurwilaichitr
- National Energy Technology Center (ENTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Chengying Jiang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Supawadee Ingsriswang
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Xu RJ, Li JF, Zhou DQ, Boonmee S, Zhao Q, Chen YY. Three novel species of Aquapteridospora (Distoseptisporales, Aquapteridosporaceae) from freshwater habitats in Tibetan Plateau, China. MycoKeys 2024; 102:183-200. [PMID: 38434108 PMCID: PMC10907956 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
During an investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi in the Tibetan Plateau, three Aquapteridospora taxa were collected from freshwater habitats in Xizang, China. The new species possess polyblastic, sympodial, denticles conidiogenous cells and fusiform, septate, with or without sheath conidial, that fit within the generic concept of Aquapteridospora, and multi-gene phylogeny placed these species within Aquapteridospora. Detailed morphological observations clearly demarcate three of these from extant species and are hence described as new taxa. The multi-gene phylogeny of the combined LSU, TEF1-α, and ITS sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships and discuss phylogenetic affinities with morphologically similar species. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, three new species viz. A.linzhiensis, A.yadongensis, and A.submersa are introduced. Details of asexual morphs are described, and justifications for establishing these new species are also provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Ju Xu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Guizhou Provincial Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Jun-Fu Li
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - De-Qun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Saranyaphat Boonmee
- Guizhou Provincial Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ya-Ya Chen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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5
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Zhang YZ, Chen QL, Ma J, Lu YZ, Chen HB, Liu NG. Morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses reveal five new hyphomycetes from freshwater habitats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1253239. [PMID: 38116531 PMCID: PMC10728726 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1253239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During the survey on freshwater hyphomycetes in Guangxi, Guizhou and Hainan Provinces, China, five fresh collections were encountered. Based on their morphology, these five isolates were identified as belonging to Hermatomyces, Kirschsteiniothelia, Paramonodictys, Pleopunctum and Sparticola. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses were performed for each genus, which resulted in the identification of five new species, namely Hermatomyces hainanensis, Kirschsteiniothelia ramus, Paramonodictys globosa, Pleopunctum guizhouense, and Sparticola irregularis. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the morphological characteristics of these new taxa were provided. This research enriches the biodiversity of freshwater dematiaceous hyphomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhou Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi-Lei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian Ma
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Lu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ning-Guo Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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6
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Barros J, Kumar S, Seena S. Does functionalised nanoplastics modulate the cellular and physiological responses of aquatic fungi to metals? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122549. [PMID: 37730145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Co-contamination of freshwaters by nanoplastics (NPs; ≤ 1 μm) and metals is an emerging concern. Aquatic hyphomycetes play a crucial role as primary decomposers in these ecosystems. However, concurrent impacts of NPs and metals on the cellular and physiological activities of these fungi remain poorly understood. Here, the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of two types of polystyrene (PS) NPs (bare and -COOH; up to 25 μg L-1) and copper (Cu; up to 50 μg L-1) individually and all possible combinations (NPs types and Cu) on Articulospora tetracladia, a prevalent aquatic hyphomycete, were investigated. Endpoints measured were intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, plasma membrane disruption and fungal growth. The results suggest that functionalised (-COOH) NPs enhance Cu adsorption, as revealed by spectroscopic analyses. Notably, NPs, Cu and their co-exposure to A. tetracladia can lead to ROS accumulation and plasma membrane disruption. In most cases, exposure to treatments containing -COOH NPs with Cu showed greater cellular response and suppressed fungal growth. By contrast, exposure to Cu individually showed stimulatory effects on fungal growth. Overall, this study provides novel insight that functionalisation of NPs facilitates metal adsorption, thus modulating the impacts of metals on aquatic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Barros
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE)/Rede de Investigação Aquática (ARNET), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur 208002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sahadevan Seena
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE)/Rede de Investigação Aquática (ARNET), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Guerrero Ramírez JR, Ibarra Muñoz LA, Balagurusamy N, Frías Ramírez JE, Alfaro Hernández L, Carrillo Campos J. Microbiology and Biochemistry of Pesticides Biodegradation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15969. [PMID: 37958952 PMCID: PMC10649977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture, forestry, and, to some extent, public health. As effective as they can be, due to the limited biodegradability and toxicity of some of them, they can also have negative environmental and health impacts. Pesticide biodegradation is important because it can help mitigate the negative effects of pesticides. Many types of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, can degrade pesticides; microorganisms are able to bioremediate pesticides using diverse metabolic pathways where enzymatic degradation plays a crucial role in achieving chemical transformation of the pesticides. The growing concern about the environmental and health impacts of pesticides is pushing the industry of these products to develop more sustainable alternatives, such as high biodegradable chemicals. The degradative properties of microorganisms could be fully exploited using the advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology, paving the way for more effective bioremediation strategies, new technologies, and novel applications. The purpose of the current review is to discuss the microorganisms that have demonstrated their capacity to degrade pesticides and those categorized by the World Health Organization as important for the impact they may have on human health. A comprehensive list of microorganisms is presented, and some metabolic pathways and enzymes for pesticide degradation and the genetics behind this process are discussed. Due to the high number of microorganisms known to be capable of degrading pesticides and the low number of metabolic pathways that are fully described for this purpose, more research must be conducted in this field, and more enzymes and genes are yet to be discovered with the possibility of finding more efficient metabolic pathways for pesticide biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Guerrero Ramírez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Torreon 27170, Coahuila, Mexico; (J.R.G.R.); (J.E.F.R.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Lizbeth Alejandra Ibarra Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreon 27275, Coahuila, Mexico; (L.A.I.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreon 27275, Coahuila, Mexico; (L.A.I.M.); (N.B.)
| | - José Ernesto Frías Ramírez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Torreon 27170, Coahuila, Mexico; (J.R.G.R.); (J.E.F.R.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Leticia Alfaro Hernández
- Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Torreon 27170, Coahuila, Mexico; (J.R.G.R.); (J.E.F.R.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Javier Carrillo Campos
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Mirabile G, Ferraro V, Mancuso FP, Pecoraro L, Cirlincione F. Biodiversity of Fungi in Freshwater Ecosystems of Italy. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:993. [PMID: 37888249 PMCID: PMC10607542 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal biodiversity is still mostly unknown and their presence in particular ecosystems such as freshwater habitats is often underestimated. The ecological role that these fungi play in freshwater environments mainly concerns their activity as decomposers of litter and plant material. At present, it is estimated that 3870 species belong to the ecological group of freshwater fungi (13 phyla and 45 classes). In this survey, we provide an overview of the Italian freshwater fungal diversity on the basis of the field and literature data. In the literature, data on freshwater fungi are fragmentary and not updated, focusing mainly on northern Italy where the most important lakes and rivers are present, while data from central and southern Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia) are almost completely ineffective. In particular, Ascomycota are reported in only 14 publications, most of which concern the freshwater environments of Lombardia, Piemonte, and Veneto. Only one publication explores the biodiversity of freshwater Basidiomycota in the wetlands of the Cansiglio forest (Veneto). The field observation allowed for us to identify 38 species of Basidiomycota growing in riparian forest of Italy. However, the number of fungi in freshwater habitats of Italy is strongly underestimated and many species are still completely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mirabile
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.)
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61 (c/o Palazzo Steri), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Ferraro
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, University Campus “Ernesto Quagliariello”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Mancuso
- Department of Earth and Sea Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Fortunato Cirlincione
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.)
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Xu RJ, Zhu YA, Liu NG, Boonmee S, Zhou DQ, Zhao Q. Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Hyphomycetous Muriform Conidial Taxa from the Tibetan Plateau, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050560. [PMID: 37233273 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi in the Tibetan Plateau habitat, fifteen collections were isolated from submerged decaying wood. Fungal characteristics are commonly found as punctiform or powdery colonies with dark pigmented and muriform conidia. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF DNA sequences showed that they belong to three families in Pleosporales. Among them, Paramonodictys dispersa, Pleopunctum megalosporum, Pl. multicellularum and Pl. rotundatum are established as new species. Paradictyoarthrinium hydei, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum and Pl. pseudoellipsoideum are reported as new records on the freshwater habitats in Tibetan Plateau, China. The morphological descriptions and illustrations of the new collections are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Ju Xu
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ying-An Zhu
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ning-Guo Liu
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Saranyaphat Boonmee
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - De-Qun Zhou
- Academy of Fanjing Mountain National Park, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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10
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Qi S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Naz M, Afzal MR, Du D, Dai Z. Omics Approaches in Invasion Biology: Understanding Mechanisms and Impacts on Ecological Health. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091860. [PMID: 37176919 PMCID: PMC10181282 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species and rapid climate change are affecting the control of new plant diseases and epidemics. To effectively manage these diseases under changing environmental conditions, a better understanding of pathophysiology with holistic approach is needed. Multiomics approaches can help us to understand the relationship between plants and microbes and construct predictive models for how they respond to environmental stresses. The application of omics methods enables the simultaneous analysis of plant hosts, soil, and microbiota, providing insights into their intricate relationships and the mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions. This can help in the development of novel strategies for enhancing plant health and improving soil ecosystem functions. The review proposes the use of omics methods to study the relationship between plant hosts, soil, and microbiota, with the aim of developing a new technique to regulate soil health. This approach can provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions and contribute to the development of effective strategies for managing plant diseases and improving soil ecosystem functions. In conclusion, omics technologies offer an innovative and holistic approach to understanding plant-microbe interactions and their response to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Rahil Afzal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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11
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Zhang F, Boonmee S, Yang YQ, Zhou FP, Xiao W, Yang XY. Arthrobotrys blastospora sp. nov. (Orbiliomycetes): A Living Fossil Displaying Morphological Traits of Mesozoic Carnivorous Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040451. [PMID: 37108905 PMCID: PMC10144811 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of carnivorous fungi in deep time is still poorly understood as their fossil record is scarce. The approximately 100-million-year-old Cretaceous Palaeoanellus dimorphus is the earliest fossil of carnivorous fungi ever discovered. However, its accuracy and ancestral position has been widely questioned because no similar species have been found in modern ecosystems. During a survey of carnivorous fungi in Yunnan, China, two fungal isolates strongly morphologically resembling P. dimorphus were discovered and identified as a new species of Arthrobotrys (Orbiliaceae, Orbiliomycetes), a modern genus of carnivorous fungi. Phylogenetically, Arthrobotrys blastospora sp. nov. forms a sister lineage to A. oligospora. A. blastospora catches nematodes with adhesive networks and produces yeast-like blastospores. This character combination is absent in all other previously known modern carnivorous fungi but is strikingly similar to the Cretaceous P. dimorphus. In this paper, we describe A. blastospora in detail and discuss its relationship to P. dimorphus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Zhang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Saranyaphat Boonmee
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Yao-Quan Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Fa-Ping Zhou
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan State Education Department on Er'hai Lake Basin Protection and the Sustainable Development Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers from Dali University, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Yunling Black-and-White Snub-Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali 671003, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan State Education Department on Er'hai Lake Basin Protection and the Sustainable Development Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
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12
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Sabater S, Freixa A, Jiménez L, López-Doval J, Pace G, Pascoal C, Perujo N, Craven D, González-Trujillo JD. Extreme weather events threaten biodiversity and functions of river ecosystems: evidence from a meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:450-461. [PMID: 36307907 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Both gradual and extreme weather changes trigger complex ecological responses in river ecosystems. It is still unclear to what extent trend or event effects alter biodiversity and functioning in river ecosystems, adding considerable uncertainty to predictions of their future dynamics. Using a comprehensive database of 71 published studies, we show that event - but not trend - effects associated with extreme changes in water flow and temperature substantially reduce species richness. Furthermore, event effects - particularly those affecting hydrological dynamics - on biodiversity and primary productivity were twice as high as impacts due to gradual changes. The synthesis of the available evidence reveals that event effects induce regime shifts in river ecosystems, particularly affecting organisms such as invertebrates. Among extreme weather events, dryness associated with flow interruption caused the largest effects on biota and ecosystem functions in rivers. Effects on ecosystem functions (primary production, organic matter decomposition and respiration) were asymmetric, with only primary production exhibiting a negative response to extreme weather events. Our meta-analysis highlights the disproportionate impact of event effects on river biodiversity and ecosystem functions, with implications for the long-term conservation and management of river ecosystems. However, few studies were available from tropical areas, and our conclusions therefore remain largely limited to temperate river systems. Further efforts need to be directed to assemble evidence of extreme events on river biodiversity and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Freixa
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Julio López-Doval
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Giorgio Pace
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Núria Perujo
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Drying Shapes Aquatic Fungal Community Assembly by Reducing Functional Diversity. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic fungi are highly diverse organisms that play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycles. Yet it remains unclear which assembly processes determine their co-occurrence and assembly patterns over gradients of drying intensity, which is a common stressor in fluvial networks. Although aquatic fungi possess drying-specific adaptations, little is known about how functional similarity influences co-occurrence probability and which functional traits are sorted by drying. Using field data from 15 streams, we investigated how co-occurrence patterns and assembly processes responded to drying intensity. To do so, we determined fungal co-occurrence patterns, functional traits that best explain species co-occurrence likelihood, and community assembly mechanisms explaining changes in functional diversity over the drying gradient. Our results identified 24 species pairs with positive co-occurrence probabilities and 16 species pairs with negative associations. The co-occurrence probability was correlated with species differences in conidia shape and fungal endophytic capacity. Functional diversity reduction over the drying gradient is generally associated with non-random abiotic filtering. However, the assembly processes changed over the drying gradient, with random assembly prevailing at low drying intensity and abiotic filtering gaining more importance as drying intensifies. Collectively, our results can help anticipate the impacts of global change on fungal communities and ecosystem functioning.
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14
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Arias-Real R, Menéndez M, Muñoz I, Pascoal C. Drying shapes the ecological niche of aquatic fungi with implications on ecosystem functioning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160374. [PMID: 36427710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are among the most abundant and diverse organisms on Earth and play pivotal roles in global carbon processing, nutrient cycling and food webs. Despite their abundant and functional importance, little is known about the patterns and mechanisms governing their community composition in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams, which are the most common fluvial ecosystems globally. Thus far, it is known that aquatic fungi have evolved various life-history strategies and functional adaptations to cope with drying. Nevertheless, some of these adaptations have a metabolic cost and trade-offs between growth, reproduction and dispersion that may affect ecosystem functioning. Thus, understanding their ecological strategies along a gradient of drying is crucial to assess how species will respond to global change and to identify meaningful taxa to maintain ecosystem functions. By combining in situ hydrological information with a niche-based approach, we analysed the role of drying in explaining the spatial segregation of fungal species, and we determined their specialization and affinity over a gradient of drying. In addition, we estimated whether species niches are good predictors of two key ecosystem processes: organic matter decomposition and fungal biomass accrual. Overall, we found that annual drying duration and frequency were the most influential variables upon species niche differentiation across the 15 studied streams. Our cluster analysis identified four drying niche-based groups with contrasting distributions and responses over the drying gradient: drying-sensitive, partly tolerant to drying, generalist, and drying-resistant specialist. In addition, we found that species belonging to the drying specialist group showed a weak contribution to both ecosystem processes, suggesting trade-offs between drying resistance strategies and the energy invested in growth. Taken together, our results suggest that increased water scarcity may jeopardise the capacity of aquatic fungi to guarantee ecosystem functioning and to maintain biogeochemical cycles despite their ability to cope with drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arias-Real
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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15
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Chrismas N, Allen R, Allen MJ, Bird K, Cunliffe M. A 17-year time-series of fungal environmental DNA from a coastal marine ecosystem reveals long-term seasonal-scale and inter-annual diversity patterns. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222129. [PMID: 36722076 PMCID: PMC9890122 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing patterns in diversity are a feature of many habitats, with seasonality a major driver of ecosystem structure and function. In coastal marine plankton-based ecosystems, seasonality has been established through long-term time-series of bacterioplankton and protists. Alongside these groups, fungi also inhabit coastal marine ecosystems. If and how marine fungi show long-term intra- and inter-annual diversity patterns is unknown, preventing a comprehensive understanding of marine fungal ecology. Here, we use a 17-year environmental DNA time-series from the English Channel to determine long-term marine fungal diversity patterns. We show that fungal community structure progresses at seasonal and monthly scales and is only weakly related to environmental parameters. Communities restructured every 52-weeks suggesting long-term stability in diversity patterns. Some major marine fungal genera have clear inter-annual recurrence patterns, re-appearing in the annual cycle at the same period. Low relative abundance taxa that are likely non-marine show seasonal input to the coastal marine ecosystem suggesting land-sea exchange regularly takes place. Our results demonstrate long-term intra- and inter-annual marine fungal diversity patterns. We anticipate this study could form the basis for better understanding the ecology of marine fungi and how they fit in the structure and function of the wider coastal marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Chrismas
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Ro Allen
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Michael J. Allen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK,Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Kimberley Bird
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Michael Cunliffe
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK,School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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16
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Zhao J, Chakrabarti S, Chambers R, Weisenhorn P, Travieso R, Stumpf S, Standen E, Briceno H, Troxler T, Gaiser E, Kominoski J, Dhillon B, Martens-Habbena W. Year-around survey and manipulation experiments reveal differential sensitivities of soil prokaryotic and fungal communities to saltwater intrusion in Florida Everglades wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159865. [PMID: 36461566 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global sea-level rise is transforming coastal ecosystems, especially freshwater wetlands, in part due to increased episodic or chronic saltwater exposure, leading to shifts in biogeochemistry, plant- and microbial communities, as well as ecological services. Yet, it is still difficult to predict how soil microbial communities respond to the saltwater exposure because of poorly understood microbial sensitivity within complex wetland soil microbial communities, as well as the high spatial and temporal heterogeneity of wetland soils and saltwater exposure. To address this, we first conducted a two-year survey of microbial community structure and bottom water chemistry in submerged surface soils from 14 wetland sites across the Florida Everglades. We identified ecosystem-specific microbial biomarker taxa primarily associated with variation in salinity. Bacterial, archaeal and fungal community composition differed between freshwater, mangrove, and marine seagrass meadow sites, irrespective of soil type or season. Especially, methanogens, putative denitrifying methanotrophs and sulfate reducers shifted in relative abundance and/or composition between wetland types. Methanogens and putative denitrifying methanotrophs declined in relative abundance from freshwater to marine wetlands, whereas sulfate reducers showed the opposite trend. A four-year experimental simulation of saltwater intrusion in a pristine freshwater site and a previously saltwater-impacted site corroborated the highest sensitivity and relative increase of sulfate reducers, as well as taxon-specific sensitivity of methanogens, in response to continuously pulsing of saltwater treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that besides increased salinity, saltwater-mediated increased sulfate availability leads to displacement of methanogens by sulfate reducers even at low or temporal salt exposure. These changes of microbial composition could affect organic matter degradation pathways in coastal freshwater wetlands exposed to sea-level rise, with potential consequences, such as loss of stored soil organic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center and Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Seemanti Chakrabarti
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center and Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Randolph Chambers
- College of William and Mary, W.M. Keck Environmental Field Laboratory, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Rafael Travieso
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sandro Stumpf
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emily Standen
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Henry Briceno
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tiffany Troxler
- Department of Earth and Environment and Sea Level Solutions Center in the Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Evelyn Gaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Kominoski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Braham Dhillon
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Willm Martens-Habbena
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center and Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA.
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17
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Nam B, Nguyen TTT, Lee HB, Park SK, Choi YJ. Uncharted Diversity and Ecology of Saprolegniaceae ( Oomycota) in Freshwater Environments. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:326-344. [PMID: 36404897 PMCID: PMC9645278 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fungal-like family Saprolegniaceae (Oomycota), also called "water mold," includes mostly aquatic saprophytes as well as notorious aquatic animal pathogens. Most studies on Saprolegniaceae have been biased toward pathogenic species that are important to aquaculture rather than saprotrophic species, despite the latter's crucial roles in carbon cycling of freshwater ecosystems. Few attempts have been made to study the diversity and ecology of Saprolegniaceae; thus, their ecological role is not well-known. During a survey of oomycetes between 2016 and 2021, we investigated the diversity and distribution of culturable Saprolegniaceae species in freshwater ecosystems of Korea. In the present study, members of Saprolegniaceae were isolated and identified at species level based on their cultural, morphological, and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Furthermore, substrate preference and seasonal dynamics for each were examined. Most of the species were previously reported as animal pathogens; however, in the present study, they were often isolated from other freshwater substrates, such as plant debris, algae, water, and soil sediment. The relative abundance of Saprolegniaceae was higher in the cold to cool season than that in the warm to hot season of Korea. This study enhances our understanding of the diversity and ecological attributes of Saprolegniaceae in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Nam
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Thuong T. T. Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Environmental Microbiology Lab, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Environmental Microbiology Lab, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Park
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Choi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea
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18
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Su X, Cui L, Tang Y, Wen T, Yang K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhu G, Yang X, Hou L, Zhu YG. Denitrification and N 2O Emission in Estuarine Sediments in Response to Ocean Acidification: From Process to Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14828-14839. [PMID: 36194569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global estuarine ecosystems are experiencing severe nitrogen pollution and ocean acidification (OA) simultaneously. Sedimentary denitrification is an important way of reactive nitrogen removal but at the same time leads to the emission of large amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. It is known that OA in estuarine regions could impact denitrification and N2O production; however, the underlying mechanism is still underexplored. Here, sediment incubation and pure culture experiments were conducted to explore the OA impacts on microbial denitrification and the associated N2O emissions in estuarine sediments. Under neutral (in situ) conditions, fungal N2O emission dominated in the sediment, while the bacterial and fungal sources had a similar role under acidification. This indicated that acidification decreased the sedimentary fungal denitrification and likely inhibited the activity of fungal denitrifiers. To explore molecular mechanisms, a denitrifying fungal strain of Penicillium janthinellum was isolated from the sediments. By using deuterium-labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics, we found that acidification inhibited electron transfers in P. janthinellum and downregulated expressions of the proteins related to energy production and conservation. Two collaborative pathways of energy generation in the P. janthinellum were further revealed, that is, aerobic oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle and anoxic pyruvate fermentation. This indicated a distinct energy supply strategy from bacterial denitrification. Our study provides insights into fungi-mediated nitrogen cycle in acidifying aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361021, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361021, China
| | - Yijia Tang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Biomedical Building (C81), Sydney, New South Wales2015, Australia
| | - Teng Wen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361021, China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou350116, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Xiaoru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361021, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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19
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Fungal Contamination in Microalgal Cultivation: Biological and Biotechnological Aspects of Fungi-Microalgae Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101099. [PMID: 36294664 PMCID: PMC9605242 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the increasing interest in microalgae as sources of new biomolecules and environmental remediators stimulated scientists’ investigations and industrial applications. Nowadays, microalgae are exploited in different fields such as cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals and as human and animal food supplements. Microalgae can be grown using various cultivation systems depending on their final application. One of the main problems in microalgae cultivations is the possible presence of biological contaminants. Fungi, among the main contaminants in microalgal cultures, are able to influence the production and quality of biomass significantly. Here, we describe fungal contamination considering both shortcomings and benefits of fungi-microalgae interactions, highlighting the biological aspects of this interaction and the possible biotechnological applications.
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20
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Effect of Humic Acid on the Growth and Metabolism of Candida albicans Isolated from Surface Waters in North-Eastern Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159408. [PMID: 35954766 PMCID: PMC9368076 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of humic acid on the growth and metabolism of Candida albicans, a common waterborne pathogenic yeast. At 10–20 mg/L, humic acid caused the greatest increase in biomass and compactness of proteins and monosaccharides, both in cells and in extracellular secretion of the yeast. At higher humic acid concentrations (40–80 mg/L), C. albicans cells still had higher protein levels compared to control, but showed reduced levels of metabolites and inhibited growth, and a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, indicating a toxic effect of the humic acid. The increase in protein content in the cells of C. albicans combined with an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes may indicate that the studied yeast excels in conditions of high water enrichment with low availability of organic matter. This indicates that Candida albicans is capable of breaking down organic matter that other microorganisms cannot cope with, and for this reason, this yeast uses carbon sources that are not available to other microorganisms. This indicates that this fungus plays an important role in the organic carbon sphere to higher trophic levels, and is common in water polluted with organic matter.
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21
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Fajardo-Hernández C, Khan FST, Flores-Bocanegra L, Prieto-Davó A, Wan B, Ma R, Qader M, Villanueva-Silva R, Martínez-Cárdenas A, López-Lobato MA, Hematian S, Franzblau SG, Raja HA, García-Contreras R, Figueroa M. Insights into the Chemical Diversity of Selected Fungi from the Tza Itzá Cenote of the Yucatan Peninsula. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12171-12185. [PMID: 35449929 PMCID: PMC9016812 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cenotes are habitats with unique physical, chemical, and biological features. Unexplored microorganisms from these sinkholes represent a potential source of bioactive molecules. Thus, a series of cultivable fungi (Aspergillus spp. NCA257, NCA264, and NCA276, Stachybotrys sp. NCA252, and Cladosporium sp. NCA273) isolated from the cenote Tza Itzá were subjected to chemical, coculture, and metabolomic analyses. Nineteen compounds were obtained and tested for their antimicrobial potential against ESKAPE pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and nontuberculous mycobacteria. In particular, phenylspirodrimanes from Stachybotrys sp. NCA252 showed significant activity against MRSA, MSSA, and mycobacterial strains. On the other hand, the absolute configuration of the new compound 17-deoxy-aspergillin PZ (1) isolated from Aspergillus sp. NCA276 was established via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Also, the chemical analysis of the cocultures between Aspergillus and Cladosporium strains revealed the production of metabolites that were not present or were barely detected in the monocultures. Finally, molecular networking analysis of the LC-MS-MS/MS data for each fungus was used as a tool for the annotation of additional compounds, increasing the chemical knowledge on the corresponding fungal strains. Overall, this is the first systematic chemical study on fungi isolated from a sinkhole in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos
A. Fajardo-Hernández
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Firoz Shah Tuglak Khan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Alejandra Prieto-Davó
- Unidad
de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán 97356, Mexico
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Mallique Qader
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rodrigo Villanueva-Silva
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Anahí Martínez-Cárdenas
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Marian A. López-Lobato
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Shabnam Hematian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento
de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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22
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Shen HW, Bao DF, Bhat DJ, Su HY, Luo ZL. Lignicolous freshwater fungi in Yunnan Province, China: an overview. Mycology 2022; 13:119-132. [PMID: 35711328 PMCID: PMC9196657 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2058638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Yunnan Province is one of the rich biodiversity hotspots with abundant resources of lignicolous freshwater fungi. A total of 281 species of lignicolous freshwater fungi from 1986 to the present in Yunnan Province. They are mostly distributed in the classes Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes, a few species in the Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes, and rarely reported in Orbiliomycetes and Pezizomycetes. Lignicolous freshwater fungi can decompose lignocellulose substrates and release energy and nutrients, and thus playing an important role in freshwater environment. This study briefly reviewed the biodiversity and taxonomic status of lignicolous freshwater fungi in Yunnan, the ecological functions of lignicolous freshwater fungi, factors affecting community distribution, application status, and research difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University,Dali, Yunnan province, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Dan-Feng Bao
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University,Dali, Yunnan province, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Hong-Yan Su
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University,Dali, Yunnan province, China
| | - Zong-Long Luo
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University,Dali, Yunnan province, China
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23
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Wijntjes C, Weber Y, Höger S, Hollert H, Schäffer A. Effects of algae and fungicides on the fate of a sulfonylurea herbicide in a water-sediment system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133234. [PMID: 34902390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pesticide mixtures on various soil parameters has been extensively studied, whereas research on effects in the aquatic environment is scarce. Furthermore, investigations on the consequences of chemical mixtures on the biodegradation kinetics of parent compounds remain deficient. Our research intended to evaluate potential effects by combined application of an agriculturally employed tank mixture to aquatic sediment systems under controlled laboratory conditions. The mixture contained two fungicides and one radiolabeled herbicide of which the route and rate of degradation was followed. One set of aquatic sediment vessels was incubated in the dark. A second set of vessels was controlled under identical conditions, except for being continuously irradiated to promote algal growth. In addition, the algal biomass in irradiated aquatic sediment was monitored to determine its effects and a potential role in the biodegradation of iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium. The study results showed that the herbicide, although hydro- and photolytically stable throughout the study, metabolized faster (DT50 1.1-1.2-fold and DT90 2.8-4.5-fold) when continuously irradiated in comparison to dark aquatic sediment. Both fungicides had a significant prolonging effect on the biodegradation rate of the herbicide. In the presence of fungicides, DT90 values increased 1.5-fold in the irradiated, and 2.5-fold in the dark systems. Additionally, algae may have influenced the metabolization of the herbicide in the irradiated systems, where shorter DT90 values were evaluated. Even so, the algal influence was concluded to be indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan Wijntjes
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Innovative Environmental Services (IES) Ltd, Benkenstrasse 260, 4108, Witterswil, Switzerland.
| | - Yanik Weber
- Innovative Environmental Services (IES) Ltd, Benkenstrasse 260, 4108, Witterswil, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Höger
- Innovative Environmental Services (IES) Ltd, Benkenstrasse 260, 4108, Witterswil, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Deprivation of protection for aquatic hyphomycetes is disturbing because they are key players in freshwater ecosystems across the globe. To attain a more holistic conservation paradigm for biodiversity in freshwaters, it is necessary to broaden our ecological perception of microfungi, mainly in aquatic hyphomycetes. A considerable groundwork still needs to be accomplished in progressing towards conserving aquatic hyphomycetes. Overcoming the paucity of information regarding the rare and endangered species, biogeography and above all, a global biodiversity database, would be a significant contribution in the initiation of an overarching conservation strategy for aquatic hyphomycetes. Being aware that the biodiversity decline in freshwaters is alarming, here we seek to explore why biodiversity data of aquatic hyphomycetes are missing. This article closely examines the threats to the biodiversity of aquatic hyphomycetes and freshwater ecosystems. Moving forward, we advocate a structured approach to gaining a thorough understanding to embrace aquatic hyphomycetes biodiversity into the conservation strategies. Including aquatic hyphomycetes in the conservation objectives may attract more funding opportunities for global surveys to initiate a fungal inclusive conservation era. Fungal conservation ventures can profit from interdisciplinary collaborations and cutting-edge science and technology, leading to informed decision making for biodiversity assessment and management.
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25
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Plant Litter from Rare Species Increases Functional Diversity and Decomposition of Species Mixtures. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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BERTOL EMANUELC, BIASI CRISTIANE, LOUREIRO RAFAELC, MIELNICZKI-PEREIRA ALBANINA, RESTELLO ROZANEM, HEPP LUIZU. The effect of arsenic on the structure and composition of stream hyphomycetes assemblages. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210192. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- EMANUEL C. BERTOL
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Brazil
| | - CRISTIANE BIASI
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - LUIZ U. HEPP
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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27
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Santos TTD, Pes AMO, Morais PBDE. A diverse and partially cellulolytic fungal community contributes to the diet of three species of the aquatic insect Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) in Amazonian streams. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210598. [PMID: 34852068 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations on the fungal community associated with the digestive tract (DT) of insects have provided insights into the diversity of associated microorganisms and their potential roles in the interaction with their hosts. However, most studies have focused on terrestrial insects, with few studies focusing on aquatic insects in Neotropical regions. We studied fungal taxa associated with the DT of larval stages of the aquatic shredders Phylloicus amazonas, P. elektoros and P. fenestratus in the Brazilian Amazon Forest. Filamentous fungi were isolated, purified and screened for cellulolytic activity. A total of 33 fungal taxa was identified through the combination of classical and molecular taxonomy. The genus Penicillium was the most frequent in DT of Phylloicus spp. (18.75%). The occurrence of fungal taxa among hosts was quite variable, with more than half of the associated fungi being exclusive of each host species. A significant portion of the fungal community associated with each host presented cellulolytic activity (± 50%). It was concluded that the fungal community associated with Phylloicus spp. larvae consist mainly of fungal taxa from food items, which come from riparian vegetation (whose plant species are variable) or are indigenous of the aquatic ecosystems, which is the habitat of these larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taides T Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Centro Multidisciplinar de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Rua Itabuna, 1278, 47850-000 Luís Eduardo Magalhães, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria O Pes
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Paula B DE Morais
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Biotecnologia, Campus Universitário de Palmas, Av. NS 15, ALCNO 14, s/n, Bloco II, 77001-090 Palmas, TO, Brazil
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28
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Zhang J, Liu S, Sun H, Jiang Z, Zhou Z, Han X, Zhou Y, Sun H, Zhou W, Mao J. Enzyme Production Potential of Penicillium oxalicum M1816 and Its Application in Ferulic Acid Production. Foods 2021; 10:2577. [PMID: 34828858 PMCID: PMC8621443 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on isolating an efficient enzyme production microorganism for ferulic acid (FA) production from wheat bran. A wild-type cellulase-, xylanase-, and feruloyl esterase-producing strain was isolated and identified as Penicillium oxalicum M1816. The genome was sequenced and assembled into 30.5 Mb containing 8301 predicted protein-coding genes. In total, 553 genes were associated with carbohydrate metabolism. Genomic CAZymes analysis indicated that P. oxalicum M1816, comprising 39 cellulolytic enzymes and 111 hemicellulases (including 5 feruloyl esterase genes), may play a vital role in wheat bran degradation and FA production. The crude enzyme of strain M1816 could release 1.85 ± 0.08 mg·g-1 FA from de-starched wheat bran (DSWB) at 12 h, which was significantly higher than other commercial enzymes. Meanwhile, when the strain M1816 was cultured in medium supplemented with DSWB, up to 92.89% of the total alkali-extractable FA was released. The process parameters of solid-state fermentation were optimized to enhance enzyme production. The optimized wheat bran Qu of P. oxalicum M1816 was applied to huangjiu fermentation, and the FA content was increased 12.4-fold compared to the control group. These results suggest that P. oxalicum M1816 is a good candidate for the development of fermented foods bio-fortified with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Hailong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhengfei Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Xiao Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Yongxiang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Honggen Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Weibiao Zhou
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD., Shaoxing 312000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.S.)
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29
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Heeger F, Bourne EC, Wurzbacher C, Funke E, Lipzen A, He G, Ng V, Grigoriev IV, Schlosser D, Monaghan MT. Evidence for Lignocellulose-Decomposing Enzymes in the Genome and Transcriptome of the Aquatic Hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100854. [PMID: 34682274 PMCID: PMC8537685 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are ecologically outstanding decomposers of lignocellulose. Fungal lignocellulose degradation is prominent in saprotrophic Ascomycota and Basidiomycota of the subkingdom Dikarya. Despite ascomycetes dominating the Dikarya inventory of aquatic environments, genome and transcriptome data relating to enzymes involved in lignocellulose decay remain limited to terrestrial representatives of these phyla. We sequenced the genome of an exclusively aquatic ascomycete (the aquatic hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica), documented the presence of genes for the modification of lignocellulose and its constituents, and compared differential gene expression between C. aquatica cultivated on lignocellulosic and sugar-rich substrates. We identified potential peroxidases, laccases, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, several of which were differentially expressed when experimentally grown on different substrates. Additionally, we found indications for the regulation of pathways for cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. Our results suggest that C. aquatica is able to modify lignin to some extent, detoxify aromatic lignin constituents, or both. Such characteristics would be expected to facilitate the use of carbohydrate components of lignocellulose as carbon and energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Heeger
- Department Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.B.); (E.F.); (M.T.M.)
- Department Materials and Environment, Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizabeth C. Bourne
- Department Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.B.); (E.F.); (M.T.M.)
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Wurzbacher
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth Funke
- Department Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.B.); (E.F.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.L.); (G.H.); (V.N.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Guifen He
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.L.); (G.H.); (V.N.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Vivian Ng
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.L.); (G.H.); (V.N.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.L.); (G.H.); (V.N.); (I.V.G.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dietmar Schlosser
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Michael T. Monaghan
- Department Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany; (E.C.B.); (E.F.); (M.T.M.)
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Baudy P, Zubrod JP, Konschak M, Kolbenschlag S, Pollitt A, Baschien C, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interactions in aquatic decomposer communities: bacteria promote fungal diversity. Ecology 2021; 102:e03471. [PMID: 34260739 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fungi produce a variety of extracellular enzymes making recalcitrant substrates bioavailable. Thus, fungi are central for decomposition of dead organic matter such as leaf litter. Despite their ecological importance, our understanding of relationships between fungal species diversity and ecosystem functioning is limited, especially with regard to aquatic habitats. Moreover, fungal interactions with other groups of microorganisms such as bacteria are rarely investigated. This lack of information may be attributed to methodological limitations in tracking the biomass of individual fungal species in communities, impeding a detailed assessment of deviations from the overall performance expected from the sum of individual species' performances, so-called net diversity effects (NDEs). We used fungal species-specific biomolecular tools to target fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interactions on submerged leaves using four cosmopolitan aquatic fungal species and a stream microbial community dominated by bacteria. In microcosms, we experimentally manipulated fungal diversity and bacterial absence/presence and assessed functional performances and fungal community composition after 14 days of incubation. Fungal community data was used to evaluate NDEs on leaf colonization. The individual fungal species were functionally distinct and fungal cultures were on average more efficient than the bacterial culture. In absence of bacteria, NDEs correlated with growth rate (negatively) and genetic divergence (positively), but were predominantly negative, suggesting that higher fungal diversity led to a lower colonization success (niche overlap). In both absence and presence of bacteria, the overall functional performances of the communities were largely defined by their composition (i.e., no interactions at the functional level). In presence of bacteria, NDEs correlated with genetic divergence (positively) and were largely positive, suggesting higher fungal diversity stimulated colonization (niche complementarity). This stimulation may be driven by a bacteria-induced inhibition of fungal growth, alleviating competition among fungi. Resulting feedback loops eventually promote fungal coexistence and synergistic interactions. Nonetheless, overall functional performances are reduced compared to bacteria-free cultures. These findings highlight the necessity to conduct future studies, investigating biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships using artificial systems, without exclusion of key organisms naturally co-occurring in the compartment of interest. Otherwise, study outcomes might not reflect true ecological relationships and ultimately misguide conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Baudy
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, Eußerthal, D-76857, Germany
| | - Marco Konschak
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Sara Kolbenschlag
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Annika Pollitt
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Christiane Baschien
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, Braunschweig, D-38124, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, Eußerthal, D-76857, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, Uppsala, SWE-75007, Sweden
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31
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Application of Polyaluminium Chloride Coagulant in Urban River Water Treatment Influenced the Microbial Community in River Sediment. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13131791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) has been widely used as a chemical coagulant in water treatment. However, little is known about the impact of PAC performance on the microbial community in sediments. In this study, the archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities in urban river sediments with and without PAC treatment were investigated. Prokaryotic diversity decreased at the PAC addition site (A2) and increased along with the river flow (from A3 to A4), while eukaryotic diversity was the opposite. The abundance of core microbiota showed a similar trend. For example, the dominant Proteobacteria presented the highest relative abundance in A1 (26.8%) and the lowest in A2 (15.3%), followed by A3 (17.5%) and A4 (23.0%). In contrast, Rozellomycota was more dominant in A2 (56.6%) and A3 (58.1%) than in A1 (6.2%) and A4 (16.3%). Salinity, total dissolved solids, and metal contents were identified as the key physicochemical factors affecting the assembly of core microorganisms. The predicted functions of archaea and fungi were mainly divided into methane cycling and saprotrophic nutrition, respectively, while bacterial function was more diversified. The above findings are helpful to enhance our understanding of microorganism response to PAC and have significance for water treatment within the framework of microecology.
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Varrella S, Barone G, Tangherlini M, Rastelli E, Dell’Anno A, Corinaldesi C. Diversity, Ecological Role and Biotechnological Potential of Antarctic Marine Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:391. [PMID: 34067750 PMCID: PMC8157204 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic Ocean is one of the most remote and inaccessible environments on our planet and hosts potentially high biodiversity, being largely unexplored and undescribed. Fungi have key functions and unique physiological and morphological adaptations even in extreme conditions, from shallow habitats to deep-sea sediments. Here, we summarized information on diversity, the ecological role, and biotechnological potential of marine fungi in the coldest biome on Earth. This review also discloses the importance of boosting research on Antarctic fungi as hidden treasures of biodiversity and bioactive molecules to better understand their role in marine ecosystem functioning and their applications in different biotechnological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Varrella
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Barone
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Michael Tangherlini
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Antonio Dell’Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Yang Y, Banos S, Gerdts G, Wichels A, Reich M. Mycoplankton Biome Structure and Assemblage Processes Differ Along a Transect From the Elbe River Down to the River Plume and the Adjacent Marine Waters. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:640469. [PMID: 33967979 PMCID: PMC8102988 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.640469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rivers are transport systems and supply adjacent ecosystems with nutrients. They also serve human well-being, for example as a source of food. Microorganism biodiversity is an important parameter for the ecological balance of river ecosystems. Despite the knowledge that fungi are key players in freshwater nutrient cycling and food webs, data on planktonic fungi of streams with higher stream order are scarce. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by a fungi-specific 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene tag sequencing approach, investigating mycoplankton diversity in the Elbe River along a transect from shallow freshwater, to the estuary and river plume down to the adjacent marine waters (sections of seventh stream order number). Using multivariate analyses and the quantitative process estimates (QPEs) method, questions (i) of how mycoplankton communities as part of the river continuum change along the transect, (ii) what factors, spatial and environmental, play a role, and (iii) what assembly processes, such as selection or dispersion, operate along the transect, were addressed. The partitioning of mycoplankton communities into three significant distant biomes was mainly driven by local environmental conditions that were partly under spatial control. The assembly processes underlying the biomes also differed significantly. Thus, variable selection dominated the upstream sections, while undominated processes like ecological drift dominated the sections close to the river mouth and beyond. Dispersal played a minor role. The results suggest that the ecological versatility of the mycoplankton communities changes along the transect as response, for example, to a drastic change from an autotrophic to a heterotrophic system caused by an abrupt increase in the river depth. Furthermore, a significant salinity-dependent occurrence of diverse basal fungal groups was observed, with no clade found exclusively in marine waters. These results provide an important framework to help understand patterns of riverine mycoplankton communities and serve as basis for a further in-depth work so that fungi, as an important ecological organism group, can be integrated into models of, e.g., usage-balance considerations of rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- Molecular Ecology Group, University of Bremen, FB2, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanos Banos
- Molecular Ecology Group, University of Bremen, FB2, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Antje Wichels
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Marlis Reich
- Molecular Ecology Group, University of Bremen, FB2, Bremen, Germany
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El-Elimat T, Raja HA, Figueroa M, Al Sharie AH, Bunch RL, Oberlies NH. Freshwater Fungi as a Source of Chemical Diversity: A Review. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:898-916. [PMID: 33662206 PMCID: PMC8127292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As their name indicates, freshwater fungi occur on submerged substrates in fresh water habitats. This review brings together the chemical diversity and biological activity of 199 of the 280 known freshwater fungal metabolites published from 1992 to 2020, representing at least seven structural classes, including polyketides, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, meroterpenoids, alkaloids, polypeptides, and monosaccharides. In addition to describing what they are, where they are found, and what they do, we also discuss strategies for the collection, isolation, and identification of fungi from freshwater habitats, with the goal of enhancing chemists' knowledge of several mycological principles. We anticipate that this review will provide a springboard for future natural products studies from this fascinating but underexplored group of Ascomycota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ahmed H. Al Sharie
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rick L. Bunch
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Sustainability, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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Liang Z, Fang W, Luo Y, Lu Q, Juneau P, He Z, Wang S. Mechanistic insights into organic carbon-driven water blackening and odorization of urban rivers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124663. [PMID: 33278726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With rapid global urbanization, massive anthropogenic inputs of organic matter and inorganic nutrients are resulting in severe pollution of urban rivers and consequently altering the structure and function of their aquatic microbial communities. In contrast to nutrient-induced eutrophication of freshwaters, water blackening and odorization of urban rivers, as well as their microbial communities, are poorly understood at a mechanistic level. Here, in a one-year field study on the taxonomic composition, predicted function and spatiotemporal dynamics of water and sediment microbial communities in seven black-odorous urban rivers in a megacity in southern China, combined with laboratory water-sediment column experiments, we pinpointed organic carbon as a key parameter driving the overgrowth of aquatic heterogeneous microorganisms. These microorganisms are major constituents of suspended black flocs that mediate methanogenic digestion of organic carbon and consequent water blackening and odorization. Source tracking analysis revealed a strikingly high contribution of sewage communities to black-odorous water microbial communities, in which emerging pathogens are enriched. Our results provide mechanistic insight into organic carbon-driven water blackening and odorization of urban rivers, which brings up current remediation strategies in questioning and sheds light on the future sustainable management of urban aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenwen Fang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yukui Luo
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qihong Lu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, GRIL, EcotoQ, TOXEN, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal H3C 3P8, QC, Canada
| | - Zhili He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Fungal Diversity and Ecology: Major Challenges for Crop Production in Present Climate Scenario. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Wanasinghe DN, McKenzie EHC, Sarma VV, Lücking R, Boonmee S, Bhat JD, Liu NG, Tennakoon DS, Pem D, Karunarathna A, Jiang SH, Jones GEB, Phillips AJL, Manawasinghe IS, Tibpromma S, Jayasiri SC, Sandamali D, Jayawardena RS, Wijayawardene NN, Ekanayaka AH, Jeewon R, Lu YZ, Phukhamsakda C, Dissanayake AJ, Zeng XY, Luo ZL, Tian Q, Thambugala KM, Dai D, Samarakoon MC, Chethana KWT, Ertz D, Doilom M, Liu JK(J, Pérez-Ortega S, Suija A, Senwanna C, Wijesinghe SN, Niranjan M, Zhang SN, Ariyawansa HA, Jiang HB, Zhang JF, Norphanphoun C, de Silva NI, Thiyagaraja V, Zhang H, Bezerra JDP, Miranda-González R, Aptroot A, Kashiwadani H, Harishchandra D, Sérusiaux E, Abeywickrama PD, Bao DF, Devadatha B, Wu HX, Moon KH, Gueidan C, Schumm F, Bundhun D, Mapook A, Monkai J, Bhunjun CS, Chomnunti P, Suetrong S, Chaiwan N, Dayarathne MC, Yang J, Rathnayaka AR, Xu JC, Zheng J, Liu G, Feng Y, Xie N. Refined families of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNumerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013. A recent publication by Honsanan et al. in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications. In this paper, we provide a refined updated document on orders and families incertae sedis of Dothideomycetes. Each family is provided with an updated description, notes, including figures to represent the morphology, a list of accepted genera, and economic and ecological significances. We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order. In this study, 31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as orders incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes, and 41 families are treated as families incertae sedis due to lack of molecular or morphological evidence. The new order, Catinellales, and four new families, Catinellaceae, Morenoinaceae Neobuelliellaceae and Thyrinulaceae are introduced. Seven genera (Neobuelliella, Pseudomicrothyrium, Flagellostrigula, Swinscowia, Macroconstrictolumina, Pseudobogoriella, and Schummia) are introduced. Seven new species (Acrospermum urticae, Bogoriella complexoluminata, Dothiorella ostryae, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis, Patellaria microspora, and Pseudomicrothyrium thailandicum) are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny, together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families. Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.
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Marine-Derived Compounds and Prospects for Their Antifungal Application. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245856. [PMID: 33322412 PMCID: PMC7763435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of antifungals in clinical practice has an enormous impact on the provision of medical care, increasing the expectancy and quality of life mainly of immunocompromised patients. However, the emergence of pathogenic fungi that are resistant and multi-resistant to the existing antifungal therapy has culminated in fungal infections that are almost impossible to treat. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new strategies. The marine environment has proven to be a promising rich resource for the discovery and development of new antifungal compounds. Thus, this review summarizes more than one hundred marine natural products, or their derivatives, which are categorized according to their sources—sponges, bacteria, fungi, and sea cucumbers—as potential candidates as antifungal agents. In addition, this review focus on recent developments using marine antifungal compounds as new and effective approaches for the treatment of infections caused by resistant and multi-resistant pathogenic fungi and/or biofilm formation; other perspectives on antifungal marine products highlight new mechanisms of action, the combination of antifungal and non-antifungal agents, and the use of nanoparticles and anti-virulence therapy.
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Ibrahim A, Capo E, Wessels M, Martin I, Meyer A, Schleheck D, Epp LS. Anthropogenic impact on the historical phytoplankton community of Lake Constance reconstructed by multimarker analysis of sediment-core environmental DNA. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:3040-3056. [PMID: 33070403 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During the 20th century, many lakes in the Northern Hemisphere were affected by increasing human population and urbanization along their shorelines and catchment, resulting in aquatic eutrophication. Ecosystem monitoring commenced only after the changes became apparent, precluding any examination of timing and dynamics of initial community change in the past and comparison of pre- and postimpact communities. Peri-Alpine Lake Constance (Germany) underwent a mid-century period of eutrophication followed by re-oligotrophication since the 1980s and is now experiencing warm temperatures. We extended the period for which monitoring data of indicator organisms exist by analysing historical environmental DNA (eDNA) from a sediment core dating back some 110 years. Using three metabarcoding markers-for microbial eukaryotes, diatoms and cyanobacteria-we revealed two major breakpoints of community change, in the 1930s and the mid-1990s. In our core, the latest response was exhibited by diatoms, which are classically used as palaeo-bioindicators for the trophic state of lakes. Following re-oligotrophication, overall diversity values reverted to similar ones of the early 20th century, but multivariate analysis indicated that the present community is substantially dissimilar. Community changes of all three groups were strongly correlated to phosphorus concentration changes, whereas significant relationships to temperature were only observed when we did not account for temporal autocorrelation. Our results indicate that each microbial group analysed exhibited a unique response, highlighting the particular strength of multimarker analysis of eDNA, which is not limited to organisms with visible remains and can therefore discover yet unknown responses and abiotic-biotic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Research Training Group R3 - Resilience of Lake Ecosystems, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Eric Capo
- Chemistry Department, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Isabel Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Research Training Group R3 - Resilience of Lake Ecosystems, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Schleheck
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Research Training Group R3 - Resilience of Lake Ecosystems, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Laura S Epp
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Research Training Group R3 - Resilience of Lake Ecosystems, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Bergsten-Torralba LR, Magalhães DP, Giese EC, Nascimento CRS, Pinho JVA, Buss DF. Toxicity of three rare earth elements, and their combinations to algae, microcrustaceans, and fungi. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110795. [PMID: 32544742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are naturally distributed in the environment, and are increasingly being used in agriculture and high technology materials worldwide, thereby increasing anthropogenic contamination and environmental risks. There exists scarce and contradictory toxicity information about REEs; hence, more studies are required, especially on their mixtures. Thus, this study aimed to assess the toxicities of La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, and the combinations of these elements (binary 1:1 and ternary 1:1:1), to organisms from different trophic levels: producers (the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Raphidocelis subcapitata), primary consumers (the microcrustaceans Daphnia similis and Artemia salina), and decomposers (the fungi Penicillium simplicissimum and Aspergillus japonicus). Ecotoxicological bioassays were performed, and toxic concentrations were determined. Thereafter, toxicities of single and mixture REEs were classified as slightly to highly toxic according to their toxic units. Finally, a concentration addition (CA) model was used to estimate how REEs interact upon combining. Nd3+ was the most toxic element for all organisms, especially D. similis (48 h LC50 9.41 mg.L-1), and was therefore classified as highly toxic. Sm3+ promoted cell agglomeration in Chlorella vulgaris and was the most toxic of the tested elements for this organism (72 h IC50 25.78 mg.L-1). The CA model revealed synergistic responses for most of the combinations, principally Nd3+ + Sm3+, which was the most toxic combination for the tested organisms. Both fungi were the most resistant organisms, and A. japonicus produced exudate and sclerotia, which help in the detoxification of chemicals. Owing not only to the fact that fungi displayed a higher resistance to REEs, but also due to the absence of regulations for REEs released from the agricultural or industrial sector, and the lack of methods to treat effluents or to dispose of technological items containing REEs, these organisms should be considered as a model for the biosorption or bioremediation of REEs. Finally, the toxic effects of REEs, particularly Nd3+, on the biota and human health should be the focus of future studies due to their increased use in technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Bergsten-Torralba
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute - IOC, Program in Biodiversity and Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Institute - IOC, Laboratory of Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health (LAPSA), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - D P Magalhães
- Center for Mineral Technology - CETEM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E C Giese
- Center for Mineral Technology - CETEM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C R S Nascimento
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health - INCQS, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J V A Pinho
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca - ENSP, Program of Public Health and Environment, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D F Buss
- Pan American Health Organization: PAHO, Washington, D.C., USA
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Du J, Qv M, Zhang Y, Cui M, Zhang H. Simulated sulfuric and nitric acid rain inhibits leaf breakdown in streams: A microcosm study with artificial reconstituted fresh water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110535. [PMID: 32224368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain containing SO42- and NO3- in China has been a public concern for decades. However, a decrease of SO2 has been recorded since the government enacted a series of policies to control its emission. To comprehensively evaluate the consequence of realistic and future acid deposition scenarios, this study explored the effects of mixed acid rain with different molar ratios of SO42- and NO3- (0:1, 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) on stream leaf breakdown through a microcosm experiment. A significant inhibition of leaf breakdown rate was observed when the ratio was 1:2 with reduced microcosm pH, fungal biomass, enzyme activities as well as the frequencies of hub general in the fungal community. In conclusion, the ratio of SO42- and NO3- in acid rain was an important factor that could have a profound impact on leaf breakdown, even on ecosystem structure and functioning of streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China.
| | - Mingxiang Qv
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghui Cui
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China
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Seena S, Sobral O, Cano A. Metabolomic, functional, and ecologic responses of the common freshwater fungus Neonectria lugdunensis to mine drainage stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137359. [PMID: 32092520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination of watersheds is a global problem. Here, we conducted litter decomposition studies with Neonectria lugdunensis, a cosmopolitan aquatic fungus. Fungal isolates from four reference (non-impacted) and six metal-contaminated streams (due to mine drainage) were exposed to mine drainage and reference stream waters in Central Portugal. Impact of mine drainage waters on N. lugdunensis hyphae was investigated by performing metabolomic profiling of 200 lipids and 25 amino acids (AA) with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In parallel, functional response of N. lugdunensis isolates was assessed through expression profiles of a functional gene, cellobiohydrolase I (CbhI). Ecological performance via leaf mass loss was also determined. Exposure to mine drainage waters altered the concentration of numerous AA and lipids. Most strikingly, a gradual increase in the concentration of the triacylglycerols (TAG) with shorter acyl chains and lesser unsaturation was observed after the exposure to mine drainage waters. In addition, the changes in the concentration of numerous TAG, lysophosphatidylcholines, and AA were more significant in the isolates from the metal-contaminated streams after exposure to mine drainage water. CbhI gene of the isolates from reference streams was down-regulated by metal stress, while those from metal-contaminated streams remained unaffected. Finally, leaf mass loss was influenced by both exposure to mine drainage waters and the origin of isolates. Overall, our study demonstrates unique functional signatures displayed by fungi under metal stress and the relevant role that fungal AA and lipids play to cope with metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahadevan Seena
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, PT-3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Olímpia Sobral
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, PT-3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ainara Cano
- ONE WAY LIVER, S.L., Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, edif.502- plta 0, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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Góralska K, Błaszkowska J, Dzikowiec M. The occurrence of potentially pathogenic filamentous fungi in recreational surface water as a public health risk. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:127-144. [PMID: 32300087 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfungi occurring in surface water may represent an important health risk. Recreational water reservoirs are a potential reservoir of pathogenic fungi. The aim of the study was to assess the diversity of mycobiota in selected artificial bathing reservoirs with regard to its biosafety for the human population. The studies were conducted during the summer of 2016 in three research seasons (June (I), July and August (II), and September (III)), taking into account the various periods of recreational activities. Filamentous fungi were isolated from water samples collected at five different ponds utilized for recreation. From 162 water samples, 149 fungal taxa of filamentous fungi were identified: 140 were classified to species level and only nine to genus level. Aspergillus fumigatus was the dominant species. The highest species richness (S) was noted in June, with 93 fungal taxa (Menhinick's index from 2.65 to 4.49). Additionally, in season I, the highest diversity of fungal species was revealed (Simpson's diversity index from 0.83 to 0.99). The average number of CFU/1 mL sample ranged between 0.4 and 4.6 depending on the time of sampling and ponds. Of all the isolated species, 128 were clinically relevant (11 from RG-2 and 117 from RG-1), highlighting the need to introduce seasonal mycological monitoring of such reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Góralska
- Department of Biology and Parasitology Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland E-mail:
| | - Joanna Błaszkowska
- Department of Biology and Parasitology Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland E-mail:
| | - Magdalena Dzikowiec
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Seena S, Casotti C, Cornut J. Inter- and intraspecific functional variability of aquatic fungal decomposers and freshwater ecosystem processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135570. [PMID: 31784168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable intraspecific trait variation is common, research dedicated to ecosystem functioning has focused mainly on species diversity. Organic matter breakdown, a key ecosystem-level process in woodland streams is mainly driven by aquatic hyphomycetes. These aquatic fungal decomposers constitute a critical link between plant litter and invertebrate detritivores in detritus-based food webs in streams. In this study, we evaluated the functional variability across a set of ten isolates each belonging to five widespread aquatic hyphomycete species, namely Articulospora tetracladia, Anguillospora crassa, Lemonniera terrestris, Neonectria lugdunensis and Tetracladium marchalianum. All the isolates originated from undisturbed streams. We estimated inter- and intraspecific variability on growth rates, litter decomposition and sporulation rates of the isolates. In addition, we also assessed the invertebrate consumption rates on leaves colonized by different isolates. Significant differences were observed within the fungal species in growth rates (A. crassa, L. terrestris, N. lugdunensis and T. marchalianum), leaf litter decomposition (A. tetracladia, L. terrestris and N. lugdunensis) and sporulation rates (A. crassa, A. tetracladia, L. terrestris and N. lugdunensis). The relative consumption rates of the shredder Schizopelex festiva significantly differed when fed with leaves colonized by isolates of L. terrestris and N. lugdunensis, however differences were not seen when fed with leaves conditioned by different species. Overall, results indicate substantial intraspecific functional variability among the isolates of aquatic hyphomycetes. Besides, our study also provides a novel insight that intraspecific functional variability is a natural phenomenon exhibited by isolates not only from polluted but also from undisturbed streams. Here the isolates demonstrated marked inter- and intraspecific functional variability, calling for a greater understanding of the functional role of aquatic hyphomycetes and its ability to influence higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahadevan Seena
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, PT-3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cinthia Casotti
- Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Ecology, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Julien Cornut
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, PT-3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Abstract
Fungi are phylogenetically and functionally diverse ubiquitous components of almost all ecosystems on Earth, including aquatic environments stretching from high montane lakes down to the deep ocean. Aquatic ecosystems, however, remain frequently overlooked as fungal habitats, although fungi potentially hold important roles for organic matter cycling and food web dynamics. Recent methodological improvements have facilitated a greater appreciation of the importance of fungi in many aquatic systems, yet a conceptual framework is still missing. In this Review, we conceptualize the spatiotemporal dimensions, diversity, functions and organismic interactions of fungi in structuring aquatic food webs. We focus on currently unexplored fungal diversity, highlighting poorly understood ecosystems, including emerging artificial aquatic habitats.
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Carstens L, Cowan AR, Seiwert B, Schlosser D. Biotransformation of Phthalate Plasticizers and Bisphenol A by Marine-Derived, Freshwater, and Terrestrial Fungi. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:317. [PMID: 32180766 PMCID: PMC7059612 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PEs, Phthalates) are environmentally ubiquitous as a result of their extensive use as plasticizers and additives in diverse consumer products. Considerable concern relates to their reported xenoestrogenicity and consequently, microbial-based attenuation of environmental PE concentrations is of interest to combat harmful downstream effects. Fungal PE catabolism has received less attention than that by bacteria, and particularly fungi dwelling within aquatic environments remain largely overlooked in this respect. We have compared the biocatalytic and biosorptive removal rates of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP), chosen to represent two environmentally prominent PEs of differing structure and hydrophobicity, by marine-, freshwater-, and terrestrial-derived fungal strains. Bisphenol A, both an extensively used plastic additive and prominent environmental xenoestrogen, was included as a reference compound due to its well-documented fungal degradation. Partial pathways of DBP metabolization by the ecophysiologically diverse asco- and basidiomycete strains tested were proposed with the help of UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis. Species specific biochemical reaction steps contributing to DBP metabolism were also observed. The involved reactions include initial cytochrome P450-dependent monohydroxylations of DBP with subsequent further oxidation of related metabolites, de-esterification via either hydrolytic cleavage or cytochrome P450-dependent oxidative O-dealkylation, transesterification, and demethylation steps - finally yielding phthalic acid as a central intermediate in all pathways. Due to the involvement of ecophysiologically and phylogenetically diverse filamentous and yeast-like fungi native to marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats the results of this study outline an environmentally ubiquitous pathway for the biocatalytic breakdown of plastic additives. Beyond previous research into fungal PE metabolism which emphasizes hydrolytic de-esterification as the primary catabolic step, a prominent role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-catalyzed reactions is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Carstens
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrew R. Cowan
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schlosser
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Arias-Real R, Muñoz I, Gutierrez-Cánovas C, Granados V, Lopez-Laseras P, Menéndez M. Subsurface zones in intermittent streams are hotspots of microbial decomposition during the non-flow period. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135485. [PMID: 31761375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microbial decomposition of organic matter is a fundamental ecosystem process that transforms organic matter and fuels detritus-based food webs, influencing biogeochemical cycles such as C-cycling. The efficiency of this process can be compromised during the non-flow periods of intermittent and ephemeral streams (IRES). When water flow ceases, sediments represent the last wet habitat available to microorganisms and may play an important role in sustaining microbial decomposition. However, despite the increasing prevalence of IRES due to climate change and water abstraction, it is unclear to what degree the subsurface habitat can sustain microbial decomposition during non-flow periods. In order to gather information, we selected 20 streams across Catalonia (Spain) along a gradient of flow intermittency, where we measured microbial decomposition and fungal biomass by placing wood sticks in both the surface and subsurface zones (15 cm below the streambed) over the course of one hydrological year. Our results showed that microbial decomposition and fungal biomass were consistently greater in the subsurface zone than in the surface zone, when intermittency increased. Although flow intermittency was the main driver of both microbial decomposition and fungal biomass, phosphorus availability in the water, sediment C:N ratio and sediment grain size also played relevant roles in surface and subsurface organic matter processing. Thus, our findings demonstrate that although the OM processing in both zones decreases with increased intermittency, the subsurface zone made an important contribution during the non-flow periods in IRES. Therefore, subsurface activity during non-flow periods has the potential to affect and maintain ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arias-Real
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain..
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cayetano Gutierrez-Cánovas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Verónica Granados
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Lopez-Laseras
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Cid CCD, Rezende RS, Calor AR, Dahora JS, de Aragão LN, Guedes ML, Caiafa AN, Medeiros AO. Temporal dynamics of organic matter, hyphomycetes and invertebrate communities in a Brazilian savanna stream. COMMUNITY ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/168.2019.20.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Calderón del Cid
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - R. S. Rezende
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó - Unochapecó, CEP: 89809-000, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - A. R. Calor
- Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - J. S. Dahora
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - L. N. de Aragão
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - M. L. Guedes
- Herbário Alexandre Leal Costa, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - A. N. Caiafa
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal e Restauração Ecológica, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, CEP: 443800-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil
| | - A. O. Medeiros
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
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Tarda AS, Saparrat MCN, Gómez N. Assemblage of dematiaceous and Ingoldian fungi associated with leaf litter of decomposing Typha latifolia L. (Typhaceae) in riverine wetlands of the Pampean plain (Argentina) exposed to different water quality. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109409. [PMID: 31521033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of sporulation, richness, and spore diversity of dematiaceous and Ingoldian fungi colonizing Typha latifolia leaves during a 40-day period of decomposition, as well as the loss of mass in Typha latifolia, in four riverine wetlands of Pampean plain (Argentina) with different water quality. Higher sporulation rates, richness, and diversity of the fungi as well as loss of mass of the leaves that they colonized were associated with lower water quality. Anguilospora longissima, Arthrinium sp., Margaritispora aquatica, and Tricellula botryosa were dominant taxa. Redundancy analysis showed two fungal assemblages related to different environmental conditions. One assemblage was related to higher nutrient levels and higher temperature, characterized mainly by dematiaceous fungi. The other assemblage was related to higher levels of pH and dissolved oxygen, which was mainly represented by Ingoldian fungi. The results obtained in our study demonstrated the link between these fungal assemblages and changes in water quality, revealing their potential as indicators of environmental changes in rivers exposed to different types of land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Santiago Tarda
- Instituto de Limnología"Dr. Raúl Ringuelet", UNLP- CONICET (CCT La Plata), CC 712, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata CCT-La Plata- Diag, 113 y 61, CC 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Botánica Carlos Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 53 N° 477, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 119, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Nora Gómez
- Instituto de Limnología"Dr. Raúl Ringuelet", UNLP- CONICET (CCT La Plata), CC 712, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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