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Wray S, Taggart MJ. An update on pacemaking in the myometrium. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39073139 DOI: 10.1113/jp284753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Timely and efficient contractions of the smooth muscle of the uterus - the myometrium - are crucial to a successful pregnancy outcome. These episodic contractions are regulated by spontaneous action potentials changing cell and tissue electrical excitability. In this short review we will document and discuss current knowledge of these processes. Those seeking a conclusive account of myometrial pacemaking mechanisms, or indeed a definitive description of the anatomical site of uterine pacemaking, may be disappointed. Rather, after almost a century of investigation, and in spite of promising studies in the last decade or so, there remain many gaps in our knowledge. We review the progress that has been made using recent technologies including in vivo and ex vivo imaging and electrophysiology and computational modelling, taking evidence from studies of animal and human myometrium, with particular emphasis on what may occur in the latter. We have prioritized physiological studies that bring us closer to understanding function. From our analyses we suggest that in human myometrium there is no fixed pacemaking site, but rather mobile, initiation sites produce the connectivity for synchronizing electrical and contractile activity. We call for more studies and funding, as physiological understanding of pacemaking gives hope to being better able to treat clinical conditions such as preterm and dysfunctional labours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wray
- Women's & Children's Health, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Michael J Taggart
- Biosciences Institute, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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2
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Malvasi A, Baldini GM, Cicinelli E, Di Naro E, Baldini D, Favilli A, Quellari PT, Sabbatini P, Fioretti B, Malgieri LE, Damiani GR, Dellino M, Trojano G, Tinelli A. Localization of Catecholaminergic Neurofibers in Pregnant Cervix as a Possible Myometrial Pacemaker. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5630. [PMID: 38891818 PMCID: PMC11171499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In eutocic labor, the autonomic nervous system is dominated by the parasympathetic system, which ensures optimal blood flow to the uterus and placenta. This study is focused on the detection of the quantitative presence of catecholamine (C) neurofibers in the internal uterine orifice (IUO) and in the lower uterine segment (LUS) of the pregnant uterus, which could play a role in labor and delivery. A total of 102 women were enrolled before their submission to a scheduled cesarean section (CS); patients showed a singleton fetus in a cephalic presentation outside labor. During CS, surgeons sampled two serial consecutive full-thickness sections 5 mm in depth (including the myometrial layer) on the LUS and two randomly selected samples of 5 mm depth from the IUO of the cervix. All histological samples were studied to quantify the distribution of A nerve fibers. The authors demonstrated a significant and notably higher concentration of A fibers in the IUO (46 ± 4.8) than in the LUS (21 ± 2.6), showing that the pregnant cervix has a greater concentration of A neurofibers than the at-term LUS. Pregnant women's mechanosensitive pacemakers can operate normally when the body is in a physiological state, which permits normal uterine contractions and eutocic delivery. The increased frequency of C neurofibers in the cervix may influence the smooth muscle cell bundles' activation, which could cause an aberrant mechano-sensitive pacemaker activation-deactivation cycle. Stressful circumstances (anxiety, tension, fetal head position) cause the sympathetic nervous system to become more active, working through these nerve fibers in the gravid cervix. They might interfere with the mechano-sensitive pacemakers, slowing down the uterine contractions and cervix ripening, which could result in dystocic labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Malvasi
- 1st Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari (BA), 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (E.C.); (E.D.N.); (G.R.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Giorgio Maria Baldini
- 1st Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari (BA), 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (E.C.); (E.D.N.); (G.R.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- 1st Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari (BA), 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (E.C.); (E.D.N.); (G.R.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Edoardo Di Naro
- 1st Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari (BA), 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (E.C.); (E.D.N.); (G.R.D.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Alessandro Favilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.F.); (P.T.Q.)
| | - Paola Tiziana Quellari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.F.); (P.T.Q.)
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via dell’Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (B.F.)
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Sabbatini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via dell’Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (B.F.)
| | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via dell’Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (B.F.)
| | | | - Gianluca Raffaello Damiani
- 1st Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari (BA), 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (E.C.); (E.D.N.); (G.R.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Miriam Dellino
- 1st Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari (BA), 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (E.C.); (E.D.N.); (G.R.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Trojano
- Department of Maternal and Child, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital ASM, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, CERICSAL (CEntro di RIcerca Clinico SALentino), “Veris delli Ponti Hospital”, 73020 Lecce, Italy
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3
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Babou Kammoe RB, Sévigny J. Extracellular nucleotides in smooth muscle contraction. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116005. [PMID: 38142836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are crucial signalling molecules, eliciting diverse biological responses in almost all organs and tissues. These molecules exert their effects by activating specific nucleotide receptors, which are finely regulated by ectonucleotidases that break down their ligands. In this comprehensive review, we aim to elucidate the relevance of extracellular nucleotides as signalling molecules in the context of smooth muscle contraction, considering the modulatory influence of ectonucleotidases on this intricate process. Specifically, we provide a detailed examination of the involvement of extracellular nucleotides in the contraction of non-vascular smooth muscles, including those found in the urinary bladder, the airways, the reproductive system, and the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we present a broader overview of the role of extracellular nucleotides in vascular smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Brice Babou Kammoe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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4
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Emeish WFA, Abd-ElHafeez HH, Alghamdi AAA, Ahmed M, Khalifa MO, El-Mansi AA, Abou-Elhamd AS, Khormi MM, Alkashif K, Soliman SA. Morphological changes in intraepithelial and stromal telocytes in Cyprinus carpio in response to salinity stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19987. [PMID: 37968439 PMCID: PMC10651833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes establish connections and communicate with various types of cells and structures. Few experimental studies have been performed on telocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of salinity stress on telocytes in relation to osmoregulatory, immune, and stem cells. After exposing the common carp to 0.2 (control), 6, 10, or 14 ppt salinity, we extracted and fixed gill samples in glutaraldehyde, processed and embedded the samples in resin, and prepared semi-thin and ultrathin sections. Two types of telocytes were identified: intraepithelial and stromal telocytes. Intraepithelial telocytes were found to form part of the cellular lining of the lymphatic space and shed secretory vesicles into this space. Stromal telocytes were observed to shed their secretory vesicles into the secondary circulatory vessels. Both intraepithelial and stromal telocytes were enlarged and exhibited increased secretory activities as salinity increased. They exerted their effects via direct contact and paracrine signaling. The following changes were observed in samples from fish exposed to high salinity levels: chloride cells underwent hypertrophy, and their mitochondria became cigar-shaped; pavement cells were enlarged, and their micro-ridges became thin and elongated; stromal telocytes established contact with stem cells and skeletal myoblasts; skeletal muscle cells underwent hypertrophy; and macrophages and rodlet cells increased in number. In conclusion, our findings indicate that intraepithelial and stromal telocytes respond to salinity stress by activating cellular signaling and that they play major roles in osmoregulation, immunity, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa F A Emeish
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-ElHafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | | | - Madeha Ahmed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohagt, 82524, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Osman Khalifa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen M Khormi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alkashif
- Physiology Department, faculty of Medicine, Merit University, Sohage, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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López-Pingarrón L, Almeida H, Pereboom-Maicas D, García JJ. Pathophysiological Implications of Interstitial Cajal-like Cells (ICC-like) in Uterus: A Comparative Study with Gastrointestinal ICCs. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7557-7571. [PMID: 37754260 PMCID: PMC10528666 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The main function of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) is to regulate gastrointestinal peristalsis by acting as a "pacemaker" cell by generating spontaneous slow electrical waves. In 2005, electron microscopy revealed a cell type similar to ICCs (ICC-like) outside the gastrointestinal tract, with contractile activity and c-Kit+ immunohistochemistry shared with ICCs. Among the locations where ICC-like cells have been observed, it is in the uterus where they have a significant functional and pathophysiological role. These cells are involved in obstetric phenomena of contractile action, such as ascending sperm transport, embryo implantation, pregnancy, delivery, and the expulsion of menstrual debris. Within the pathophysiology related to these cells, we find obstetric alterations such as recurrent miscarriages, premature deliveries, abolition of uterine contractions, and failures of embryo implantation, in addition to other common conditions in the fertile age, such as endometriosis and leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura López-Pingarrón
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.P.-M.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Henrique Almeida
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital-CUF Porto, 4100-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Desirée Pereboom-Maicas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.P.-M.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Joaquín J. García
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.P.-M.); (J.J.G.)
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6
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Etcharren V, Mouguelar H, Aguilar Valenciano JJ. Identification of telocytes in the oviduct of the mare. Theriogenology 2023; 205:18-26. [PMID: 37084500 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a recently discovered special type of stromal cells, have been identified in many organs of many species, including the female and male reproductive system, with proposed multiple potential bio-functions such as homeostasis, immunomodulation, tissue remodeling and regeneration, embryogenesis, angiogenesis and even tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence, and characteristics of telocytes in normal equine oviduct. To identify them, we used routine light microscopy, non-conventional light microscopy (NCLM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemistry. We found that telocytes of the equine oviduct can be recognized in fixed specimens by light microscopy (methylene blue staining), with more details on Epon semi-thin sections (toluidine blue staining) by NCLM, and that they showed positive immunostaining for CD34. The telocytes, with their typical long and moniliform prolongations, formed networks in the stromal space of the submucosa, muscular and serosa layers, particularly in the lamina propia where they were observed in greater quantity. By TEM we have also confirmed the presence of cells ultrastructurally identifiable as telocytes (cells with telopodes alternating podomers and podoms) in the aforementioned locations. Direct intercellular contacts between epithelial cells and neighboring telocytes were evidenced. EIn conclusion, we demonstrated that telocytes are present in the equine oviduct as previously reported in other species. The potential implication of telocytes in multiple potential functions of physiological and pathological processes deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Etcharren
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - H Mouguelar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, National University of Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J J Aguilar Valenciano
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Argentina.
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7
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Labour classified by cervical dilatation & fetal membrane rupture demonstrates differential impact on RNA-seq data for human myometrium tissues. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260119. [PMID: 34797869 PMCID: PMC8604334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High throughput sequencing has previously identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched signalling networks in human myometrium for term (≥37 weeks) gestation labour, when defined as a singular state of activity at comparison to the non-labouring state. However, transcriptome changes that occur during transition from early to established labour (defined as ≤3 and >3 cm cervical dilatation, respectively) and potentially altered by fetal membrane rupture (ROM), when adapting from onset to completion of childbirth, remained to be defined. In the present study, we assessed whether differences for these two clinically observable factors of labour are associated with different myometrial transcriptome profiles. Analysis of our tissue (‘bulk’) RNA-seq data (NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus: GSE80172) with classification of labour into four groups, each compared to the same non-labour group, identified more DEGs for early than established labour; ROM was the strongest up-regulator of DEGs. We propose that lower DEGs frequency for early labour and/or ROM negative myometrium was attributed to bulk RNA-seq limitations associated with tissue heterogeneity, as well as the possibility that processes other than gene transcription are of more importance at labour onset. Integrative analysis with future data from additional samples, which have at least equivalent refined clinical classification for labour status, and alternative omics approaches will help to explain what truly contributes to transcriptomic changes that are critical for labour onset. Lastly, we identified five DEGs common to all labour groupings; two of which (AREG and PER3) were validated by qPCR and not differentially expressed in placenta and choriodecidua.
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Koutras A, Fasoulakis Z, Syllaios A, Garmpis N, Diakosavvas M, Pagkalos A, Ntounis T, Kontomanolis EN. Physiology and Pathology of Contractility of the Myometrium. In Vivo 2021; 35:1401-1408. [PMID: 33910817 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Uterine atony is a serious obstetrical complication since it is the leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the 5 major causes of postpartum mortality; therefore, it requires immediate medical intervention, independent of whether delivery occurs normally or with a cesarean section. While in the past years most cases of postpartum hemorrhage were caused due to uterine atony following vaginal delivery, in recent years most PPH cases indicate a significant association with cesarean delivery. There are several methods used in order to avoid such a life-threatening complication, ranging from risk assessment to prevention, and finally medical intervention and management, if such an event occurs. In this scientific paper emphasis is given on the so-called "uterotonic" agents that are currently used, including oxytocin among others. It is, therefore, important to be familiar with these agents as well as understand the physiological mechanism by which they work, since they are used in everyday practice, not only for managing but also for preventing PPH. There are several potential questions that arise from the use of such "uterotonic" agents, and most specifically of oxytocin. Maybe one of the most important issues is the determination of optimal dosing of oxytocin in order to avoid PPH after a cesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Koutras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens 'ALEXANDRA', Athens, Greece
| | - Zacharias Fasoulakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens 'ALEXANDRA', Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Syllaios
- Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Diakosavvas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens 'ALEXANDRA', Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Pagkalos
- Consultant on Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Xanthi, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Thomas Ntounis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens 'ALEXANDRA', Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel N Kontomanolis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Ivell R, Anand-Ivell R. The Physiology of Reproduction - Quo vadis? Front Physiol 2021; 12:650550. [PMID: 33859571 PMCID: PMC8042151 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive system in males and females reflects a highly dynamic underlying physiology. Yet our current understanding of this system is still largely based upon relatively simplistic snapshots of individual component cells and tissues. Gamete production as well as gonadal hormone synthesis and its influence are the manifestations of dynamic and redundant informational networks and processes, whose qualitative and quantitative dimensions, especially through development from embryo through puberty and adulthood into ageing, are still largely uncharted. Whilst the recent huge advances in molecular science have helped to describe the components of the reproductive system in ever greater detail, how these interact and function in space and time dimensions is still largely obscure. Recent developments in microfluidics, stem cell biology, and the integration of single-cell transcriptomics with tissue dynamics are offering possible methodological solutions to this issue. Such knowledge is essential if we are to understand not only the normal healthy functioning of this system, but also how and why it is affected in disease or by external impacts such as those from environmental endocrine disruptors, or in ageing. Moreover, operating within a complex network of other physiological systems, its integrational capacity is much more than the generation of male and female gametes and their roles in fertility and infertility; rather, it represents the underpinning support for health and well-being across the lifespan, through pregnancy, puberty, and adulthood, into old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ivell
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Luesma MJ, Cantarero I, Sánchez‐Cano AI, Rodellar C, Junquera C. Ultrastructural evidence for telocytes in equine tendon. J Anat 2021; 238:527-535. [PMID: 33070316 PMCID: PMC7855077 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional ultrastructure of the tendon is complex. Two main cell types are classically supported: elongated tenocytes and ovoid tenoblasts. The existence of resident stem/progenitor cells in human and equine tendons has been demonstrated, but their location and relationship to tenoblasts and tenocytes remain unclear. Hence, in this work, we carried out an ultrastructural study of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon. Although the fine structure of tendons has been previously studied using electron microscopy, the presence of telocytes, a specific type of interstitial cell, has not been described thus far. We show the presence of telocytes in the equine inter-fascicular tendon matrix near blood vessels. These telocytes have characteristic telopodes, which are composed of alternating dilated portions (podoms) and thin segments (podomers). Additionally, we demonstrate the presence of the primary cilium in telocytes and its ability to release exosomes. The location of telocytes is similar to that of tendon stem cells. The telocyte-blood vessel proximity, the presence of primary immotile cilia and the release of exosomes could have special significance for tendon homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Luesma
- Department of Human Anatomy and HistologyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Irene Cantarero
- Morphological Sciences DepartmentUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | | | - Clementina Rodellar
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics (Lagenbio)University of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Concepción Junquera
- Department of Human Anatomy and HistologyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
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11
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Grimm MJ. Forces Involved with Labor and Delivery-A Biomechanical Perspective. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:1819-1835. [PMID: 33432512 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Childbirth is a primarily biomechanical process of physiology, and one that engineers have recently begun to address in a broader fashion. Computational models are being developed to address the biomechanical effects of parturition on both maternal and fetal tissues. Experimental research is being conducted to understand how maternal tissues adapt to intrauterine forces near the onset of labor. All of this research requires an understanding of the forces that are developed through maternal efforts-both uterine contractions and semi-voluntary pushing-and that can be applied by the clinician to assist with the delivery. This work reviews the current state of knowledge regarding forces of labor and delivery, with a focus on macro-level biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Grimm
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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12
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Liao Z, Chen Y, Duan C, Zhu K, Huang R, Zhao H, Hintze M, Pu Q, Yuan Z, Lv L, Chen H, Lai B, Feng S, Qi X, Cai D. Cardiac telocytes inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis through exosomal miRNA-21-5p-targeted cdip1 silencing to improve angiogenesis following myocardial infarction. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:268-291. [PMID: 33391474 PMCID: PMC7681094 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Promotion of cardiac angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium is a critical strategy for repairing and regenerating the myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). Currently, effective methods to aid in the survival of endothelial cells, to avoid apoptosis in ischemic myocardium and to achieve long-term cardiac angiogenesis are still being pursued. Here, we investigated whether cardiac telocyte (CT)-endothelial cell communication suppresses apoptosis and promotes the survival of endothelial cells to facilitate cardiac angiogenesis during MI. Methods: CT exosomes were isolated from CT conditioned medium, and their miRNA profile was characterized by small RNA sequencing. A rat model of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD)-mediated MI was assessed with histology for infarct size and fibrosis, immunostaining for angiogenesis and cell apoptosis and echocardiography to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) and the LAD-MI model treated with CT exosomes or CT exosomal miRNA-21-5p in vitro and in vivo were assessed with cellular and molecular techniques to demonstrate the underlying mechanism. Results: CTs exert therapeutic effects on MI via the potent paracrine effects of CT exosomes to facilitate the inhibition of apoptosis and survival of CMECs and promote cardiac angiogenesis. A novel mechanism of CTs is revealed, in which CT-endothelial cell communication suppresses apoptosis and promotes the survival of endothelial cells in the pathophysiological myocardium. CT exosomal miRNA-21-5p targeted and silenced the cell death inducing p53 target 1 (Cdip1) gene and thus down-regulated the activated caspase-3, which then inhibited the apoptosis of recipient endothelial cells under ischemic and hypoxic conditions, facilitating angiogenesis and regeneration following MI. Conclusions: The present study is the first to show that CTs inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis through exosomal miRNA-21-5p-targeted Cdip1 silencing to improve angiogenesis in myocardial infarction. It is believed that these novel findings and the discovery of cellular and molecular mechanisms will provide new opportunities to tailor novel cardiac cell therapies and cell-free therapies for the functional and structural regeneration of the injured myocardium.
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abdo W, Kamal BM, Soliman SA. Fish telocytes and their relation to rodlet cells in ruby-red-fin shark (rainbow shark) Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:18907. [PMID: 33144597 PMCID: PMC7641163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes comprise the major constituents of the supportive interstitial framework within the various organs. They form a 3D network between different types of stromal and non-stromal cells, which makes them distinctively vital. We have previously explored the origin of the peculiar rodlet cells, especially on their differential stages in aquatic species. The current study aimed at highlighting the relation of telocytes with different rodlet stages. Samples of fish, olfactory organs, and gills were processed for semi thin sections, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. It was evident in the study that telocytes formed a 3D interstitial network, entrapping stem cells and differentiating rodlet cells, to establish direct contact with stem cells. Differentiated stem cells and rodlet progenitor cells, practically in the granular and transitional stages, also formed ultrastructure junctional modifications, by which nanostructures are formed to establish cell contact with telocytes. Telocytes in turn also connected with macrophage progenitor cells. Telocytes (TCs) expressed CD34, CD117, VEGF, and MMP-9. In conclusion, telocytes established direct contact with the stem and rodlet cells in various differential stages. Telocytes may vitally influence stem/progenitor cell differentiation, regulate rodlet cell function, and express MPP-9 that may regulate immune cells functions especially, including movement and migration ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Basma Mohamed Kamal
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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14
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Chevalier NR, Ammouche Y, Gomis A, Teyssaire C, de Santa Barbara P, Faure S. Shifting into high gear: how interstitial cells of Cajal change the motility pattern of the developing intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G519-G528. [PMID: 32877218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00112.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The first contractile waves in the developing embryonic gut are purely myogenic; they only involve smooth muscle. Here, we provide evidence for a transition from smooth muscle to interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC)-driven contractile waves in the developing chicken gut. In situ hybridization staining for anoctamin-1 (ANO1), a known ICC marker, shows that ICCs are already present throughout the gut, as from embryonic day (E)7. We devised a protocol to reveal ICC oscillatory and propagative calcium activity in embryonic gut whole mount and found that the first steady calcium oscillations in ICCs occur on (E14). We show that the activation of ICCs leads to an increase in contractile wave frequency, regularity, directionality, and velocity between E12 and E14. We finally demonstrate that application of the c-KIT antagonist imatinib mesylate in organ culture specifically depletes the ICC network and inhibits the transition to a regular rhythmic wave pattern. We compare our findings to existing results in the mouse and predict that a similar transition should take place in the human fetus between 12 and 14 wk of development. Together, our results point to an abrupt physiological transition from smooth muscle mesenchyme self-initiating waves to ICC-driven motility in the fetus and clarify the contribution of ICCs to the contractile wave pattern.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We reveal a sharp transition from smooth muscle to interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC)-driven motility in the chicken embryo, leading to higher-frequency, more rhythmic contractile waves. We predict the transition to happen between 12 and 14 embryonic wk in humans. We image for the first time the onset of ICC activity in an embryonic gut by calcium imaging. We show the first KIT and anoctamin-1 (ANO1) in situ hybridization micrographs in the embryonic chicken gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R Chevalier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yanis Ammouche
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Gomis
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Teyssaire
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Sandrine Faure
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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15
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Qu M, Lu P, Bellve K, Fogarty K, Lifshitz L, Shi F, Zhuge R. Smooth muscle cell-specific TMEM16A deletion does not alter Ca2+ signaling, uterine contraction, gestation length, or litter size in mice†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:318-327. [PMID: 31175367 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels in myometrial cells play critical roles in spontaneous and agonist-induced uterine contraction during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy maintenance, and parturition; thus, identifying the genes of ion channels in these cells and determining their roles are essential to understanding the biology of reproduction. Previous studies with in vitro functional and pharmacological approaches have produced controversial results regarding the presence and role of TMEM16A Ca2+-activated Cl- channels in myometrial cells. To unambiguously determine the function of this channel in these cells, we employed a genetic approach by using smooth muscle cell-specific TMEM16A deletion (i.e. TMEM16ASMKO) mice. We found that myometrial cells from TMEM16ASMKO mice generated the same pattern and magnitude in Ca2+ signals upon stimulation with KCl, oxytocin, and PGF2α compared to the isogenic control myometrial cells. At the uterine tissue level, TMEM16A deletion also did not cause detectable changes in either spontaneous or agonist (i.e. KCl, oxytocin, and PGF2α)-induced contractions. Moreover, in vivo the TMEM16ASMKO mice gave birth at full term with the same litter size as genetically identical control mice. Finally, TMEM16A immunostaining in both control and TMEM16ASMKO mice revealed that this protein was highly expressed in the endometrial stroma, but did not co-localize with a smooth muscle specific marker MYH11. Collectively, these results unequivocally demonstrate that TMEM16A does not serve as a pacemaking channel for spontaneous uterine contraction, neither does it function as a depolarizing channel for agonist-evoked uterine contraction. Yet these two functions could underlie the normal gestation length and litter size in the TMEM16ASMKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzi Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Microbiology & Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karl Bellve
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Fogarty
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence Lifshitz
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ronghua Zhuge
- Department of Microbiology & Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Mustafa FEZA, Elhanbaly R. Distribution of estrogen receptor in the rabbit cervix during pregnancy with special reference to stromal elements: an immunohistochemical study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13655. [PMID: 32788713 PMCID: PMC7423906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen plays a critical role during pregnancy through their receptors. Although the rabbit is one of the most important lab animal estrogen receptor alpha (ERA) localization on basic cells, newly discovered cells including telocyte and neuroendocrine cells, vascular compartments and interstitium during pregnancy not been described. At 0 day pregnancy, the most prominent immunoreactivity was moderate to ERA and observed on the ciliated cells, secretory cells, blood plasma, and interstitium. The smooth muscles and the endothelial cells showed mild immunoreactivity to ERA. Lymphocytes only exhibited strong immunoreactivity to ERA. At 7 days pregnancy moderate immunoreactivity to ERA observed on ciliated cells, secretory cells, smooth muscles, interstitium, and lymphocytes. Strong immunoreactivity to ERA detected on endothelial cells and blood plasma. At 14 days of pregnancy, the most prominent immunoreactivity was strong and detected on ciliated cells, smooth muscles, lymphocytes, and interstitium. Moderate immunoreactivity detected on endothelial cells and blood plasma. Secretory cells only exhibited mild immunoreactivity to ERA. At 21 days of pregnancy, the immunoreactivity to ERA ranged between mild on ciliated cells, smooth muscles, blood plasma and interstitium and negative on secretory cells, endothelial cells and lymphocytes. Our results indicated that the frequency and intensity of ERA immunostaining in the rabbit cervix varied on different structural compartments of the cervix during different pregnancy stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El-Zahraa A Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
| | - Ruwaida Elhanbaly
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
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17
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Kuijsters NPM, Sammali F, Ye X, Blank C, Xu L, Mischi M, Schoot BC, Rabotti C. Propagation of spontaneous electrical activity in the ex vivo human uterus. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1065-1078. [PMID: 32691139 PMCID: PMC7376519 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Contractions of the non-pregnant uterus play a key role in fertility. Yet, the electrophysiology underlying these contractions is poorly understood. In this paper, we investigate the presence of uterine electrical activity and characterize its propagation in unstimulated ex vivo human uteri. Multichannel electrohysterographic measurements were performed in five freshly resected human uteri starting immediately after hysterectomy. Using an electrode grid externally and an electrode array internally, measurements were performed up to 24 h after hysterectomy and compared with control. Up to 2 h after hysterectomy, we measured biopotentials in all included uteri. The median root mean squared (RMS) values of the external measurements ranged between 3.95 μV (interquartile range (IQR) 2.41–14.18 μV) and 39.4 μV (interquartile range (IQR) 10.84–105.64 μV) and were all significantly higher than control (median RMS of 1.69 μV, IQR 1.13–3.11 μV), consisting of chicken breast meat. The RMS values decreased significantly over time. After 24 h, the median RMS (1.27 μV, IQR 0.86–3.04 μV) was comparable with the control (1.69 μV, IQR 1.13–3.11 μV, p = 0.125). The internal measurements showed a comparable pattern over time, but overall lower amplitude. The measured biopotentials propagated over the uterine surface, following both a plane-wave as well as an erratic pattern. No clear pacemaker location nor a preferred propagation direction could be identified. These results show that ex vivo uteri can spontaneously generate propagating biopotentials and provide novel insight contributing to improving our understanding of the electrophysiology of the human non-pregnant uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke P M Kuijsters
- Department of Electrical Engineering (Signal Processing Systems: Biomedical Diagnostics), Eindhoven Technical University, Post box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Federica Sammali
- Department of Electrical Engineering (Signal Processing Systems: Biomedical Diagnostics), Eindhoven Technical University, Post box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Electrical Engineering (Signal Processing Systems: Biomedical Diagnostics), Eindhoven Technical University, Post box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Celine Blank
- Department of Electrical Engineering (Signal Processing Systems: Biomedical Diagnostics), Eindhoven Technical University, Post box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital (UZ) Gent, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Massimo Mischi
- Department of Electrical Engineering (Signal Processing Systems: Biomedical Diagnostics), Eindhoven Technical University, Post box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Benedictus C Schoot
- Department of Electrical Engineering (Signal Processing Systems: Biomedical Diagnostics), Eindhoven Technical University, Post box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital (UZ) Gent, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiara Rabotti
- Department of Electrical Engineering (Signal Processing Systems: Biomedical Diagnostics), Eindhoven Technical University, Post box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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18
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Hulls CM, Lentle RG, Chua WH, Suisted P, King QM, Chagas JAB, Chambers JP, Stewart L. Spatiotemporal Mapping of the Contracting Gravid Uterus of the Rabbit Shows Contrary Changes With Increasing Gestation and Dosage With Oxytocin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:802. [PMID: 31824420 PMCID: PMC6882407 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous and oxytocin induced contractile activity was quantified in the bicornuate uteri of pregnant rabbits maintained in situ, using data from two- and uni- dimensional video spatiotemporal maps (VSTM) of linear and area strain rate and compared statistically. Spontaneous contractions occurred over a range of frequencies between 0.1 and 10 cpm, in gravid animals at 18-21 and at 28 days of gestation, and propagated both radially and longitudinally over the uterine wall overlying each fetus. Patches of contractions were randomly distributed over the entire surface of the cornua and were pleomorphic in shape. No spatial coordination was evident between longitudinal and circular muscle layers nor temporal coordination that could indicate the activity of a localized pacemaker. The density and duration of contractions decreased, and their frequency increased with the length of gestation in the non-laboring uterus. Increasing intravenous doses of oxytocin had no effect on the mean frequencies, or the mean durations of contractions in rabbits of 18-21 days gestation, but caused frequencies to decrease and durations to increase in rabbits of 28 days gestation, from greater spatial and temporal clustering of individual contractions. This was accompanied by an increase in the distance of propagation, the mean size of the patches of contraction, the area of the largest patch of contraction and the overall density of patches. Together these results suggest that progressive smooth muscle hypertrophy and displacement with increasing gestation is accompanied by a decrease in smooth muscle connectivity causing an increase in wall compliance and that oxytocin restores connectivity and decreases compliance, promoting volumetric expulsion rather than direct propulsion of the fetus by peristalsis. The latter effects were reversed by the β2 adrenergic receptor agonist salbutamol thus reducing area of contraction, and the duration and distance of propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrin M. Hulls
- Medical Physiology Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Roger G. Lentle
- Medical Physiology Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wei-Hang Chua
- Medical Physiology Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Philip Suisted
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Quinten M. King
- Division of Urology, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Joana A. B. Chagas
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - John P. Chambers
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lauren Stewart
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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19
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AbuAli AM, Mokhtar DM, Ali RA, Wassif ET, Abdalla KEH. Morphological Characteristics of the Developing Cecum of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1017-1031. [PMID: 31169105 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation was carried out to record the final stages of the development of both middle and distal parts of quail ceca, Coturnix coturnix japonica to understand the role of ceca in digestion, immune system, and absorption. The cellular and subcellular structures, including epithelial cell height, microvillus surface area, the proportion of goblet cells, the thickness of muscle layer, and cecum diameter showed great variations during the development. An undeveloped smooth muscularis mucosa was observed for the first time on the ED5. Primordia of glands were observed on the ED7. On the ED15, the middle part exhibited two shapes of mucosal villi: tongue-shaped villi and U-shaped. The plicae and crypts of Lieberkühn were demonstrated on the hatching day. The lymphatic tissues appeared in the wall of both parts of the ceca at the 4 weeks of age. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a great difference in the mucosal surface between different regions. Telocytes were observed in-between the muscle fibers and formed a network during the post-hatching period. Because of fermentation and other bacterial or chemical processes that have been shown to occur in the ceca, this study supports two hypotheses: the cecal development is related to diet and the cecal epithelium act as a site for primary absorption of nutrients or for re-absorption of electrolytes or amino acids derived from the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalaa M AbuAli
- Department of Zoology,Faculty of Science,Assiut University,Assiut,Egypt
| | - Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology,Faculty of Vet. Medicine,Assiut University,Assiut,Egypt
| | - Reda A Ali
- Department of Zoology,Faculty of Science,Assiut University,Assiut,Egypt
| | - Ekbal T Wassif
- Department of Zoology,Faculty of Science,Assiut University,Assiut,Egypt
| | - K E H Abdalla
- Department of Anatomy and Histology,Faculty of Vet. Medicine,Assiut University,Assiut,Egypt
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20
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Morphological changes of telocytes in camel efferent ductules in response to seasonal variations during the reproductive cycle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4507. [PMID: 30872789 PMCID: PMC6418092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a distinct stromal cell type described in many organs. The present study investigated the existence of TCs within the efferent ductules in camel and the changes that occur in their morphology and activity during active and inactive reproductive seasons. TCs in the camel had a cell body and multiple telopodes (TPs), and most TCs had indented nuclei that exhibited prominent intranucleolar chromatin. TCs exhibited seasonal differences which were evaluated by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Transimition electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of TCs in camel efferent ductules has been confirmed by CD34 positive immunostaing. In addition to the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which was stronger in the summer season. TCs exhibited stronger immunoreactivity for progesterone and oestrogen alpha receptors (ESR1) in the spring than in the summer. In addition, TCs showed strong positive immunostaining for both vimentin and androgen receptor (AR). Several ultrastructural changes were observed in TCs during the two seasons. TPs in the summer season had delicate ramifications whereas, in the spring, TPs displayed fine arborization and became more corrugated. TCs acquired signs of exaggerated secretory activities in the spring; TPs became expanded and packed with secretory vesicles. Thus, we conclude that, hormonal alterations during the reproductive cycle impact the morphology and secretory behavior of TCs.
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21
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Tang XL, Zhang FL, Jiang XJ, Yang XJ. Telocytes enhanced the proliferation, adhesion and motility of endometrial stromal cells as mediated by the ERK pathway in vitro. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:572-585. [PMID: 30899363 PMCID: PMC6413249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) is special interstitial cell that have recently been identified in the female reproductive system. Endometriosis (EMs) is a benign gynecological disease whose etiology is still not fully clear. Implantation and proliferation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) out of the uterus are essential processes in the development of EMs. Herein, we investigate the in vitro changes of ESCs when cocultured with TCs, and the potential mechanisms involved. The current results demonstrated that, vimentin-positive/pan cytokeratin-negative ESCs, and TCs with a characteristic structure and immunophenotype (CD34/vimentin double-positive) were successfully isolated and harvested. Morphologically, direct cell-to-cell contacts were observed between TCs and ESCs. Quantitatively, TCs treatment clearly promotes the viability of ESCs, enhances cell cycle progression at G2/M phase and upregulates p-ERK1/2 and cyclin-D3 (all P < 0.05). Functionally, ESCs educated by TCs displayed significantly enhanced adhesion ability and accelerated invasion and migration capacity (all P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were found in the rate of apoptosis and in the expression of AKT signaling pathway proteins in TCs-educated ESCs (both P > 0.05). Therefore, TCs treatment obviously enhanced the in vitro motile and invasive capacity of ESCs, which were mediated by the ERK-cyclin-D3 signaling pathway, likely through direct intercellular contacts and/or juxta-paracrine effects; signaling through this axis therefore increased the likelihood of EMs. The enhanced functions of TCs-educated ESCs not only contribute to a deeper understanding of TCs, but also highlight a new concept regarding the physiopathology and therapy of EMs and associated impaired reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Fei-Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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22
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Domino M, Pawlinski B, Gajewska M, Jasinski T, Sady M, Gajewski Z. Uterine EMG activity in the non-pregnant sow during estrous cycle. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:176. [PMID: 29866204 PMCID: PMC5987628 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine myoactivity is crucial for successful reproductive performance of the sow. Spontaneous contractions of the uterus are strictly controlled and coordinated. Uterine electromyographic (EMG) activity undergoes hormonal regulation with rapid and long-term effects. What is more, interstitial Cajal-like Cells (ICLC) appear essential for smooth muscle contractility in the reproductive tract where they are suspected to be playing a major role in generating, coordinating, modulating and synchronizing slow triggering waves. The aim of this study was to investigate the myoelectrical activity of sow's uterus during estrus cycle. RESULTS Study was conducted on 10 Polish Landrace sows. Propagation mechanisms and their connection with the uterine EMG activity were considered in correlation with expression of c-kit, progesterone and oxytocin receptors of the non-pregnant sow. ICLC were labeled with antibody directed against c-kit receptor and visualized by confocal microscopy and scanning cytometer for positive cells percentage assessment. EMG signal was recorded directly from the myometrium with telemetry transmitters and electrodes located in different topographic regions of reproductive tracts. The stages of estrus cycle were determined by monitoring levels of luteinizing hormone, progesterone and estrogen with radioimmunoassays. Significant differences of the EMG signal parameters between diestrus and estrus and the correlations with density of labelled receptors were demonstrated. Moreover, the electrophysiological studies indicated that ICLC in the myometrium in the tip of uterine horn may participate in the regulation of slow waves duration and frequency. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of EMG signal propagation in the wall of the non-pregnant porcine uterus occurs in an orderly, bidirectional fashion and at distinctive speed, with no differences between diestrus and estrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Domino
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pawlinski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gajewska
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jasinski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Sady
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzislaw Gajewski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Chen L, Yu B. Telocytes and interstitial cells of Cajal in the biliary system. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3323-3329. [PMID: 29700981 PMCID: PMC6010895 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel type of interstitial tissue cells in the biliary tree termed telocytes (TCs), formerly known as interstitial Cajal‐like cells (ICLCs), exhibits very particular features which unequivocally distinguish these cells from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and other interstitial cell types. Current research substantiates the existence of TCs and ICCs in the biliary system (gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct, cystic duct, common bile duct and sphincter of Oddi). Here, we review the distribution, morphology and ultrastructure of TCs and ICCs in the biliary tree, with emphasis on their presumptive roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
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24
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Nizyaeva NV, Sukhacheva TV, Serov RA, Kulikova GV, Nagovitsyna MN, Kan NE, Tyutyunnik VL, Pavlovich SV, Poltavtseva RA, Yarotskaya EL, Shchegolev AI, Sukhikh GT. Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Features of Telocytes in Placental Villi in Preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3453. [PMID: 29472628 PMCID: PMC5823867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21492-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A new cell type, interstitial Cajal-like cell (ICLC), was recently described in different organs. The name was recently changed to telocytes (TCs), and their typical thin, long processes have been named telopodes (Tp). TCs regulate the contractile activity of smooth muscle cells and play a role in regulating vessel contractions. Although the placenta is not an innervated organ, we believe that TCs are present in the placenta. We studied placenta samples from physiological pregnancies and in different variants of preeclampsia (PE). We examined these samples using light microscopy of semi-thin sections, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical examination was performed with primary antibodies to CD34, CD117, SMA, and vimentin, and TMEM16a (DOG-1), the latter was used for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) consisting of TCs. We have identified a heterogenetic population of ТСs in term placentas, as these cell types differed in their localization, immunophenotype and ultrastructural characteristics. We assume TMEM16a could be used as the marker for identification of TCs. In PE we have revealed telocyte-like cells with ultrastructural signs of fibrocytes (significant process thickening and the granular endoplasmic reticulum content was increased) and a loss of TMEM16a immunohistochemical staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Nizyaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Sukhacheva
- A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Roman A Serov
- A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Galina V Kulikova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Marina N Nagovitsyna
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Natalia E Kan
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Victor L Tyutyunnik
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Stanislav V Pavlovich
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Rimma A Poltavtseva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina L Yarotskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandr I Shchegolev
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Gennadiy T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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Pliska V, Jutz G. Kinetics of oxytocin and deaminooxytocin displacement from the OXTR-receptor compartment in rat uterus ex vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 148:278-287. [PMID: 29309759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The oil immersion method suggested earlier by Kalsner and Nickerson for analysing actions of sympathomimetic drugs upon smooth muscle tissues was applied to isometric preparations of rat myometrium stimulated by oxytocin and deaminooxytocin. An exchange of the aqueous medium by mineral oil allows monitoring the displacement of the peptides from their receptor compartment in absence of free diffusion transport between tissue and organ medium. Exponential analysis of the data from the uterotonic decay phase allows several inferences to be drawn: 1) Transport rate constants (roughly equal for the two peptides) are higher than rate constants of (irreversible) elimination from the receptor compartment. 2) The response decay rate in the oil immersion phase is proportional solely to the peptide elimination and thus offers estimates of elimination rate constants. 3) Peptide elimination kinetics in the receptor compartment is only insignificantly influenced by the kinetics of ligand-receptor binding. 4) As expected, the elimination rate constant of deaminooxytocin is considerably lower than for oxytocin. The apparent concentration of receptors in the paracellular space of the myometrium ("apparent", since receptor molecules are embedded in the cell membrane and hence not exposed to a diffusive flux), estimated from histometric parameters, appears rather high: 7 and 120 μM for high and low affinity receptors, respectively. Concentration-response curves for rat uterus stimulated by oxytocin or deaminooxytocin indicate that only about 0.25 to 5 per cent of the available receptors are involved in eliciting a maximal uterus contraction. The remnant receptor pool is likely to behave as a receptor reserve ("spare receptors").
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Pliska
- Collegium Helveticum, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) and University of Zurich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Switzerland.
| | - Guido Jutz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Switzerland
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26
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Klein M, Urban L, Deckov I, Danisovic L, Polak S, Danihel L, Varga I. Distribution of telocytes in the corpus and cervix of human uterus: an immunohistochemical study. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Kiriukhin SO, Makarova OV. [Morphological changes in the colonic muscular layer and interstitial cells of Cajal in experimental acute ulcerative colitis]. Arkh Patol 2017; 78:27-32. [PMID: 27804943 DOI: 10.17116/patol201678527-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM to investigate morphological changes in the muscular layer and an intermuscular population of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in acute ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Acute colitis was induced by 3% DSS (molecular weight 40 kDa) in drinking water for 5 days; a control animal group was given tap water. Longitudinal colonic sections were histologically examined. Immunofluorescence staining of total preparations with antibodies to c-Kit was employed to assess an ICC population. RESULTS Morphological examination showed a morphological pattern of acute ulcerative colitis in the DSS-treated mice. The colonic muscular layer was thickened and the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells was vacuolated. There was a decrease in ICC network density and counts in the muscular layer, as well as a specific c-Kit positive granularity in the ICC bodies and processes. CONCLUSION In acute ulcerative colitis, there are alternative changes in the colonic muscular layer and a decrease in ICC density.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Kiriukhin
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Makarova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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28
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C-kit receptor immunopositive interstitial cells (Cajal-type) in the porcine reproductive tract. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:32. [PMID: 28526042 PMCID: PMC5438557 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial Cajal cells have been suspected as being the pacemaker cells of smooth muscle motor activity and discharging slow triggering waves in the gut as well as in other organs containing smooth muscles where they are known as interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC). The present study describes ICLC localization and density in the porcine oviduct and uterus. Differences in ICLC density were examined using histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods and c-kit expression was determined. Results interstitial Cajal-like cells with characteristic morphological and immunological phenotypes were found. Star-like or spindle-shaped cells with very long, moniliform processes were localized in the muscle layers of the oviduct and uterine walls at variable densities that decreased progressively from high in the oviduct to low in the uterus. Conclusions The detailed description of ICLC in the porcine reproductive tract may lead to a better understanding of reproductive tract motility. Our approach is inexpensive and effective for ICLC evaluation and may in the future be applied to clinical diagnosis.
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29
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Szűcs KF, Grosz G, Süle M, Nagy A, Tiszai Z, Samavati R, Gáspár R. Identification of myoelectric signals of pregnant rat uterus: new method to detect myometrial contraction. Croat Med J 2017; 58:141-148. [PMID: 28409497 PMCID: PMC5410739 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2017.58.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To develop an electromyography method for pregnant rat uterus in vivo and to separate myometrial signals from the gastrointestinal tract signals. Methods Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8) were anaesthetized and their stomach, small intestine, and large intestine were removed from the abdomen. A pair of thread electrodes was inserted into the uterus, while a pair of disk electrodes was placed subcutaneously above the myometrium. Additionally, a strain gauge sensor was fixed on the surface of the myometrium and cecum for the parallel detection of mechanical contractions in rats (n = 18) with intact gastrointestinal tract. The filtered electric signals were amplified and recorded by an online computer system and analyzed by fast Fourier transformation. The frequency of the electric activity was characterized by cycle per minute (cpm), the magnitude of the activity was described as power spectrum density maximum (PsDmax). Results The frequency of the pregnant uterine activity was 1-3 cpm, which falls within the same range as that of cecum. Measuring by both electrodes, oxytocin (1 µg/kg) increased and terbutaline (50 µg/kg) decreased the PsDmax by 25%-50% (P < 0.001) and 25%-40% (P < 0.01), respectively. We found a strong positive correlation between the alterations of PsDmax values and the strain gauge sensor-detected mechanical contractions (area under curve). The GI specific compounds (neostigmine, atropine) mainly affected the cecal activity, while myometrium specific drugs (oxytocin, terbutaline) influenced the myometrial signals only. Conclusion Our method proved to be able to detect the myoelectric activity that reflects the mechanical contraction. The overlapping myometrial and cecal signals are not separable, but they can be distinguished based on the much higher activity and different pharmacological reactivity of the pregnant uterus. Thus, the early signs of contractions can be detected and labor may be predicted in a fast and sensitive way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Róbert Gáspár
- Robert Gaspar, Eotvos Street 6., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary,
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30
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Radu BM, Banciu A, Banciu DD, Radu M, Cretoiu D, Cretoiu SM. Calcium Signaling in Interstitial Cells: Focus on Telocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020397. [PMID: 28208829 PMCID: PMC5343932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the current knowledge on calcium signaling pathways in interstitial cells with a special focus on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs), and telocytes. In detail, we present the generation of Ca2+ oscillations, the inositol triphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+ signaling pathway and modulation exerted by cytokines and vasoactive agents on calcium signaling in interstitial cells. We discuss the physiology and alterations of calcium signaling in interstitial cells, and in particular in telocytes. We describe the physiological contribution of calcium signaling in interstitial cells to the pacemaking activity (e.g., intestinal, urinary, uterine or vascular pacemaking activity) and to the reproductive function. We also present the pathological contribution of calcium signaling in interstitial cells to the aortic valve calcification or intestinal inflammation. Moreover, we summarize the current knowledge of the role played by calcium signaling in telocytes in the uterine, cardiac and urinary physiology, and also in various pathologies, including immune response, uterine and cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy.
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
- Research Beyond Limits, Dimitrie Cantemir 15, Bucharest 040234, Romania.
- Engineering Faculty, Constantin Brancusi University, Calea Eroilor 30, Targu Jiu 210135, Romania.
| | - Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
- Research Beyond Limits, Dimitrie Cantemir 15, Bucharest 040234, Romania.
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy.
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania.
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania.
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
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31
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Ivell R. Research in Reproduction: Challenges, Needs, and Opportunities. Front Physiol 2017; 8:46. [PMID: 28228729 PMCID: PMC5297420 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ivell
- School of Biosciences and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
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32
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Yang P, Ahmad N, Hunag Y, Ullah S, Zhang Q, Waqas Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Hu L, Chen Q. Telocytes: novel interstitial cells present in the testis parenchyma of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 19:2888-99. [PMID: 26769239 PMCID: PMC4687711 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are novel interstitial cells that have been found in various organs, but the existence of TCs in the testes has not yet been reported. The present ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study revealed the existence of TCs and differentiate these cells from the peritubular cells (Pc) in contact with the surrounding structures in the testes. Firstly, our results confirmed the existence of two cell types surrounding seminiferous tubules; these were Pc (smooth muscle like characteristics) and TCs (as an outer layer around Pc). Telocytes and their long thin prolongations called telopodes (Tps) were detected as alternations of thin segments (podomers) and thick bead-like portions (podoms), the latter of which accommodate the mitochondria and vesicles. The spindle and irregularly shaped cell bodies were observed with small amounts of cytoplasm around them. In contrast, the processes of Pc contained abundant actin filaments with focal densities, irregular spine-like outgrowths and nuclei that exhibited irregularities similar to those of smooth muscle cells. The TCs connected with each other via homocellular and heterocellular junctions with Pc, Leydig cells and blood vessels. The Tps of the vascular TCs had bands and shed more vesicles than the other TCs. Immunohistochemistry (CD34) revealed strong positive expression within the TC cell bodies and Tps. Our data confirmed the existence and the contact of TCs with their surroundings in the testes of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis, which may offer new insights for understanding the function of the testes and preventing and treating testicular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Hunag
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shakeeb Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yasir Waqas
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lisi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Sivarajasingam SP, Imami N, Johnson MR. Myometrial cytokines and their role in the onset of labour. J Endocrinol 2016; 231:R101-R119. [PMID: 27647860 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human labour is an inflammatory event, physiologically driven by an interaction between hormonal and mechanical factors and pathologically associated with infection, bleeding and excessive uterine stretch. The initiation and communicators of inflammation is still not completely understood; however, a key role for cytokines has been implicated. We summarise the current understanding of the nature and role of cytokines, chemokines and hormones and their involvement in signalling within the myometrium particularly during labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Sivarajasingam
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Imami
- Department of MedicineImperial College London, London, UK
| | - M R Johnson
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Cretoiu D, Radu BM, Banciu A, Banciu DD, Cretoiu SM. Telocytes heterogeneity: From cellular morphology to functional evidence. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 64:26-39. [PMID: 27569187 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), located ubiquitously in the internal organs of vertebrates, are a heterogeneous, recently described, cell population of the stromal space. Characterized by lengthy cytoplasmic extensions that can reach tens of microns and are called telopodes (Tps), TCs are difficult to see using conventional microscopes. It was the electron microscopy which led to their first identification and Popescu's team the first responsible for the reconstructions indicating TCs 'organization' in a three-dimensional (3D) network that is believed to be accountable for the complex roles of TCs. Gradually, it became increasingly evident that TCs are difficult to characterize in terms of immunophenotype and that their phenotype is different depending on the location and needs of the tissue at one time. This review discusses the growing body of evidence accumulated since TCs were discovered and highlights how the complex interplay between TCs and stem cells might be of importance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania; 'Victor Babes' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania
| | - Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy; Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania; 'Victor Babes' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
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35
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Othman ER, Elgamal DA, Refaiy AM, Abdelaal II, Abdel-Mola AF, Al-Hendy A. Identification and potential role of telocytes in human uterine leiomyoma. Contracept Reprod Med 2016; 1:12. [PMID: 29201401 PMCID: PMC5693520 DOI: 10.1186/s40834-016-0022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Telocytes are specialized interstitial tissue cell type. Our aim is to characterize telocytes in human uterine leiomyoma (ULM) and its adjacent myometrium (Myo-F) as well as normal myometrium (Myo-N). Methods ULMs and Myo-F tissues were taken from hysterectomy specimens done to treat symptomatic uterine fibroids (N = 20). Myo-N is isolated from hysterectomies done on ULM- free uteri for other benign indications (N = 15). Telocytes were detected using immunohistochemistry to detect c-Kit (CD-117), as a surface marker expressed on telocytes, and electron microscopic examination to identify telocytes characteristic ultrastructure. Cellular count and electron microscopic features of telocytes in each of the studied tissues were compared. Results Telocytes could be detected in ULMs, Myo-F and Myo-N using c-KIT immunostaining. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of telocytes in the three types of tissues identifying their characteristic features including small triangular or fusiform cell bodies with extensive cellular prolongations. ULM telocytes showed ultrastructural features suggestive of high cellular activities. Cell counts of ULM telocytes (3.35 ± 0.39) were significantly higher (P value = 0.00039) than that of Myo-F (1.39 ± 0.13). Myo-N (2.6 ± 0.36) contained higher telocyte numbers than Myo-F (1.39 ± 0.13), but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P value = 0.19). Conclusions Telocytes are detected in higher numbers and activity in ULMs than Myo-F or Myo-N. In ULMs, telocytes can work as a hormonal sensors for stem cells, provide scaffold for newly formed myocytes, or control important downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam R Othman
- OB-GYN Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Center of Excellence of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71111 Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- OB-GYN Department, Medical College of Georgia MCG, Augusta Univerity, Augusta, GA USA
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36
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Cretoiu D, Cretoiu SM. Telocytes in the reproductive organs: Current understanding and future challenges. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 55:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Varga I, Urban L, Kajanová M, Polák Š. Functional histology and possible clinical significance of recently discovered telocytes inside the female reproductive system. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:417-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Ahmed AI, Zhu L, Aldhaheri S, Sakr S, Minkoff H, Haberman S. Uterine tachysystole in spontaneous labor at term. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3335-9. [PMID: 27074823 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1125463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of uterine tachysystole and its association with spontaneous labor at term. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 8008 women in spontaneous labor (without prostaglandins or oxytocin). Fetal heart tracings and uterine activity were recorded every 15 min. PRIMARY OUTCOME occurrence of tachysystole (> 5 uterine contractions /10 min over 30 min periods). SECONDARY OUTCOMES non-reassuring fetal heart tracings (NRFHT), NICU admissions, and cesarean deliveries. RESULTS About 890 patients (11.1 %) had at least one episode of tachysystole. Non-whites have higher incidence of uterine tachysystole; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.66 for Hispanics (95% CI 1.28-2.05), 1.58 for African Americans (95% CI 1.05-2.38), and 1.51 for Asians (95% CI = 1.13-2.0). The use of epidural analgesia was higher in the tachysystole group (62.2% versus 40.9%, aOR 1.89, CI 1.58-2.26; p < 0.001). Tachysystole was more frequent among nulliparous women and in women carrying higher weight fetuses. Oligohydramnios (aOR 1.62, CI 0.70-3.72; p < 0.004), and NRFHT were more common in the tachysystole group (4.2% versus 2.5%, p = 0.002). Newborns in the tachysystole group were two times more likely to be admitted to NICU (30 /890 [3.4%] versus 122 /7118 [1.7%], OR = 2, p=0.001). There was no difference in the frequency of meconium-stained amniotic fluid or Apgar scores <7 at 5 min. CONCLUSION Uterine tachysystole occurs in more than 10% of spontaneous labors and is associated with NRFHR, increased rate of caesarean deliveries and NICU admissions. It is not associated with low Apgar scores or meconium-stained amniotic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Ahmed
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA .,b Department of Medical Genetics , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Ling Zhu
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Maimonides Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA , and
| | - Sarah Aldhaheri
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA .,d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , King Abdul-Aziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Sakr
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Howard Minkoff
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Maimonides Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA , and
| | - Shoshana Haberman
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Maimonides Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA , and
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Aleksandrovych V, Walocha JA, Gil K. Telocytes in female reproductive system (human and animal). J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:994-1000. [PMID: 27060783 PMCID: PMC4882995 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a newly discovered type of cell with numerous functions. They have been found in a large variety of organs: heart (endo‐, myo‐, epi‐ and pericardium, myocardial sleeves, heart valves); digestive tract and annex glands (oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, liver, gallbladder, salivary gland, exocrine pancreas); respiratory system (trachea and lungs); urinary system (kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra); female reproductive system (uterus, Fallopian tube, placenta, mammary gland); vasculature (blood vessels, thoracic duct); serous membranes (mesentery and pleura); and other organs (skeletal muscle, meninges and choroid plexus, neuromuscular spindles, fascia lata, skin, eye, prostate, bone marrow). Likewise, TCs are widely distributed in vertebrates (fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, including human). This review summarizes particular features of TCs in the female reproductive system, emphasizing their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerzy A Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Boos AM, Weigand A, Brodbeck R, Beier JP, Arkudas A, Horch RE. The potential role of telocytes in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 55:70-8. [PMID: 26805441 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research and ideas for potential applications in the field of Tissue Engineering (TE) and Regenerative Medicine (RM) have been constantly increasing over recent years, basically driven by the fundamental human dream of repairing and regenerating lost tissue and organ functions. The basic idea of TE is to combine cells with putative stem cell properties with extracellular matrix components, growth factors and supporting matrices to achieve independently growing tissue. As a side effect, in the past years, more insights have been gained into cell-cell interaction and how to manipulate cell behavior. However, to date the ideal cell source has still to be found. Apart from commonly known various stem cell sources, telocytes (TC) have recently attracted increasing attention because they might play a potential role for TE and RM. It becomes increasingly evident that TC provide a regenerative potential and act in cellular communication through their network-forming telopodes. While TE in vitro experiments can be the first step, the key for elucidating their regenerative role will be the investigation of the interaction of TC with the surrounding tissue. For later clinical applications further steps have to include an upscaling process of vascularization of engineered tissue. Arteriovenous loop models to vascularize such constructs provide an ideal platform for preclinical testing of future therapeutic concepts in RM. The following review article should give an overview of what is known so far about the potential role of TC in TE and RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Annika Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Brodbeck
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Immunohistochemistry of Telocytes in the Uterus and Fallopian Tubes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:335-357. [PMID: 27796898 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The seminal work of Popescu and colleagues first demonstrated the existence of a new cell type - the telocytes. We were among the first who reported the presence of such cells in the female genital tract and performed TEM examinations, as well as immunohistochemical staining in the attempt to find a specific marker. Telocytes from rat and from the human uterus and from human fallopian tube were extensively investigated initially by comparison with interstitial cells of Cajal. Progress in telocyte research led to the identification of different subtypes suggestive for a heterogeneous telocyte population which can even coexist in the same location. As a consequence, the functions of TCs are still elusive and can be considered a versatile phenomenon that depends on a variety of conditions, including signal reception and transmission of information via extracellular vesicles or by direct intercellular contact.
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Wang J, Jin M, Ma WH, Zhu Z, Wang X. The History of Telocyte Discovery and Understanding. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:1-21. [PMID: 27796877 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are identified as a peculiar cell type of interstitial cells in various organs. The typical features of TCs from the other cells are the extending cellular process as telopodes with alternation of podomeres and podoms. Before the year of 2010, TCs were considered as interstitial Cajal-like cells because of the similar morphology and immunohistochemical features with interstitial cells of Cajal which were found more than 100 years ago and considered to be pacemakers for gut motility. Subsequently, it demonstrated that TCs were not Cajal-like cells, and thus the new name "telocyte" was proposed in 2010. With the help of different techniques, e.g., transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, or omics science, TCs have been detected in various tissues and organs from different species. The pathological role of TCs in different diseases was also studied. According to observation in situ or in vitro, TCs played a vital role in mechanical support, signaling transduction, tissue renewal or repair, immune surveillance, and mechanical sensor via establishing homo- or heterogenous junctions with neighboring cells to form 3D network or release extracellular vesicles to form juxtacrine and paracrine. This review will introduce the origin, distribution, morphology, functions, omics science, methods, and interaction of TCs with other cells and provide a better understanding of the new cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Clinical Science Institute of Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Clinical Science Institute of Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Huan Ma
- Zhabei District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yanchang Middle Road No. 288, Jingan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitu Zhu
- Jinzhou Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou, China.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Clinical Science Institute of Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Kazaryan KV, Hunanyan NG, Savayan AA, Piliposyan TA, Mkrtchyan AV, Manukyan AM. Characterization of spontaneous electric activity of the myometrial rhythmogenic areas in rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209301505004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lammers WJEP, Stephen B, Al-Sultan MA, Subramanya SB, Blanks AM. The location of pacemakers in the uteri of pregnant guinea pigs and rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1439-46. [PMID: 26377559 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00187.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pregnant uterus is a smooth muscle organ whose pattern of contraction is dictated by the propagation of electrical impulses. Such electrical activity may originate from one or more pacemakers, but the location of these sites has not yet been determined. To detect the location of the pacemaker in the gravid uterus, two approaches were used: 1) determine the site from where the contraction started using isolated uteri from the pregnant guinea pig, and videotape their contractions; and 2) record, in isolated uteri from pregnant term rats, with 240 extracellular electrodes simultaneously, and determine where the electrical bursts started. In both the contractile and electrophysiological experiments, there was not a single, specific pacemaker area. However, most contractions (guinea pig 87%) and bursts (rat 76%) started close to the mesometrial border (mean 2.7 ± 4.0 mm SD in guinea pigs and 1.3 ± 1.4 mm in rats). In addition, in the rat, most sites of initiations were located closer to the ovarial end of the horn (mean distance from the ovarial end 6.0 ± 6.2 mm SD), whereas such an orientation was not seen in the guinea pig. In both guinea pig and rat uteri at term, there is not one specific pacemaker area. Rather, contractile and electrical activity may arise from any site, with the majority starting close to the mesometrial border. Furthermore, in the rat, most activities started at the ovarial end of the horn. This may suggest a slightly different pattern of contraction in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim J E P Lammers
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; and
| | - Betty Stephen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; and
| | - Mahmood Ahmed Al-Sultan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; and
| | - Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; and
| | - Andrew M Blanks
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratory, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Dodds KN, Staikopoulos V, Beckett EAH. Uterine Contractility in the Nonpregnant Mouse: Changes During the Estrous Cycle and Effects of Chloride Channel Blockade. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:141. [PMID: 25926436 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.129809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in the generation of spontaneous uterine contractions are not fully understood. Kit-expressing interstitial cells of Cajal are pacemakers of contractile rhythm in other visceral organs, and recent studies describe a role for Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) currents as the initiating conductance in these cells. The existence and role of similar specialized pacemaker cells in the nonpregnant uterus remains undetermined. Spontaneous contractility patterns were characterized throughout the estrous cycle in isolated, nonpregnant mouse uteri using spatiotemporal mapping and tension recordings. During proestrus, estrus, and diestrus, contraction origin predominated in the oviduct end of the uterus, suggesting the existence of a dominant pacemaker site. Propagation speed of contractions during estrus and diestrus were significantly slower than in proestrus and metestrus. Five major patterns of activity were predominantly exhibited in particular stages: quiescent (diestrus), high-frequency phasic (proestrus), low-frequency phasic (estrus), multivariant (metestrus), and complex. Kit-immunopositive cells reminiscent of pacemaking ICCs were not consistently observed within the uterus. Niflumic acid (10 μM), anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (0.1-1 mM), and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (10 μM) each reduced the frequency of spontaneous contractions, suggesting involvement of Cl(-) channels in generating spontaneous uterine motor activity. It is unlikely that this conductance is generated by the Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels, anoctamin-1 and CLCA4, as immunohistochemical labeling did not reveal protein expression within muscle or pacemaker cell networks. In summary, these results suggest that spontaneous uterine contractions may be generated by a Kit-negative pacemaker cell type or uterine myocytes, likely involving the activity of a yet-unidentified Cl(-) channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi N Dodds
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vasiliki Staikopoulos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A H Beckett
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Roatesi I, Radu BM, Cretoiu D, Cretoiu SM. Uterine Telocytes: A Review of Current Knowledge. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:10. [PMID: 25695721 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.125906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a novel cell type, are briefly defined as interstitial cells with telopodes (Tps). However, a specific immunocytochemical marker has not yet been found; therefore, electron microscopy is currently the only accurate method for identifying TCs. TCs are considered to have a mesenchymal origin. Recently proteomic analysis, microarray-based gene expression analysis, and the micro-RNA signature clearly showed that TCs are different from fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial cells. The dynamics of Tps were also revealed, and some electrophysiological properties of TCs were described (such as membrane capacitance, input resistance, membrane resting potential, and absence of action potentials correlated with different ionic currents characteristics), which can be used to distinguish uterine TCs from smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Here, we briefly present the most recent findings on the characteristics of TCs and their functions in human pregnant and nonpregnant uteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurie Roatesi
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Cheng LK. Slow wave conduction patterns in the stomach: from Waller's foundations to current challenges. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:384-93. [PMID: 25313679 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of our understanding of motility and slow wave propagation in the stomach. It begins by reviewing seminal studies conducted by Walter Cannon and Augustus Waller on in vivo motility and slow wave patterns. Then our current understanding of slow wave patterns in common laboratory animals and humans is presented. The implications of slow wave arrhythmic patterns that have been recorded in animals and patients suffering from gastroparesis are discussed. Finally, current challenges in experimental methods and techniques, slow wave modulation and the use of mathematical models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. K. Cheng
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Department of Surgery; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
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Gravina FS, van Helden DF, Kerr KP, de Oliveira RB, Jobling P. Phasic contractions of the mouse vagina and cervix at different phases of the estrus cycle and during late pregnancy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111307. [PMID: 25337931 PMCID: PMC4206458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The pacemaker mechanisms activating phasic contractions of vaginal and cervical smooth muscle remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate properties of pacemaking in vaginal and cervical tissues by determining whether: 1) functional pacemaking is dependent on the phase of the estrus cycle or pregnancy; 2) pacemaking involves Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) -dependent intracellular Ca2+ stores; and 3) c-Kit and/or vimentin immunoreactive ICs have a role in pacemaking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Vaginal and cervical contractions were measured in vitro, as was the distribution of c-Kit and vimentin positive interstitial cells (ICs). Cervical smooth muscle was spontaneously active in estrus and metestrus but quiescent during proestrus and diestrus. Vaginal smooth muscle was normally quiescent but exhibited phasic contractions in the presence of oxytocin or the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA) chloride. Spontaneous contractions in the cervix and TEA-induced phasic contractions in the vagina persisted in the presence of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a blocker of the SERCA that refills intracellular SR Ca2+ stores, but were inhibited in low Ca2+ solution or in the presence of nifedipine, an inhibitor of L-type Ca2+channels. ICs were found in small numbers in the mouse cervix but not in the vagina. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Cervical smooth muscle strips taken from mice in estrus, metestrus or late pregnancy were generally spontaneously active. Vaginal smooth muscle strips were normally quiescent but could be induced to exhibit phasic contractions independent on phase of the estrus cycle or late pregnancy. Spontaneous cervical or TEA-induced vaginal phasic contractions were not mediated by ICs or intracellular Ca2+ stores. Given that vaginal smooth muscle is normally quiescent then it is likely that increases in hormones such as oxytocin, as might occur through sexual stimulation, enhance the effectiveness of such pacemaking until phasic contractile activity emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S. Gravina
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Dirk F. van Helden
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen P. Kerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ramatis B. de Oliveira
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip Jobling
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Cretoiu SM, Popescu LM. Telocytes revisited. Biomol Concepts 2014; 5:353-69. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2014-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTelocytes (TCs) are a novel interstitial (stromal) cell type described in many tissues and organs (www.telocytes.com). A TC is characterized by a small cell body (9–15 μm) and a variable number (one to five) of extremely long and thin telopodes (Tps), with alternating regions of podomers (∼80 nm) and podoms (250–300 nm). Tps are interconnected by homo- and heterocellular junctions and form three-dimensional networks. Moreover, Tps release three types of extracellular vesicles: exosomes, ectosomes, and multivesicular cargos, which are involved in paracrine signaling. Different techniques have been used to characterize TCs, from classical methods (light microscopy, electron microscopy) to modern ‘omics’. It is considered that electron microscopy is essential for their identification, and CD34/PDGFRα double immunohistochemistry can orientate the diagnosis. Functional evidence is accumulating that TCs may be intimately involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and renewal by short- and long-distance intercellular communication. This review focuses on the most recent findings regarding TC features and locations and the principal hypotheses about their functions in normal and diseased organs. TC involvement in regenerative medicine is also considered.
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50
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Ullah S, Yang P, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Chen W, Waqas Y, Le Y, Chen B, Chen Q. Identification and characterization of telocytes in the uterus of the oviduct in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis: TEM evidence. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2385-92. [PMID: 25230849 PMCID: PMC4302644 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (Tcs) are cells with telopodes (Tps), which are very long cellular extensions with alternating thin segments (podomers) and dilated bead-like thick regions known as podoms. Tcs are a distinct category of interstitial cells and have been identified in many mammalian organs including heart, lung and kidney. The present study investigates the existence, ultrastructure, distribution and contacts of Tcs with surrounding cells in the uterus (shell gland) of the oviduct of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. Samples from the uterine segment of the oviduct were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Tcs were mainly located in the lamina propria beneath the simple columnar epithelium of the uterus and were situated close to nerve endings, capillaries, collagen fibres and secretory glands. The complete morphology of Tcs and Tps was clearly observed and our data confirmed the existence of Tcs in the uterus of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. Our results suggest these cells contribute to the function of the secretory glands and contraction of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeeb Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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