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Sun M, Clayton N, Alam S, Asmussen N, Wong A, Kim JH, Luong G, Mokhtari S, Pellei D, Carrico CK, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD, Giannobile WV, Sahingur SE, Lin Z. Selective BET inhibitor RVX-208 ameliorates periodontal inflammation and bone loss. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1658-1669. [PMID: 37855275 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effects of RVX-208, a selective bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor targeting bromodomain 2 (BD2), on periodontal inflammation and bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7) and human gingival epithelial cells were challenged by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) with or without RVX-208. Inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RAW264.7 cells were induced to osteoclast differentiation. After RVX-208 treatment, osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by histology, tartrate-resistant-acid-phosphatase (TRAP) activity and the expression of osteoclast-specific genes. The effect of RVX-208 on osteoclast transcriptome was studied by RNA sequencing. Periodontitis was induced in rats by ligature and local RVX-208 treatment was administered every other day. Alveolar bone loss was measured by micro-computed tomography. RESULTS RVX-208 inhibited inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production in Pg-infected cells. Osteoclast differentiation was inhibited by RVX-208, as evidenced by reduced osteoclast number, TRAP activity and osteoclast-specific gene expression. RVX-208 displayed a more selective and less profound suppressive impact on transcriptome compared with pan-BET inhibitor, JQ1. RVX-208 administration prevented the alveolar bone loss in vivo. CONCLUSIONS RVX-208 regulated both upstream (inflammatory cytokine production) and downstream (osteoclast differentiation) events that lead to periodontal tissue destruction, suggesting that it may be a promising 'epi-drug' for the prevention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Jianbo Dental Clinic, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicholas Clayton
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sheikh Alam
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Niels Asmussen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew Wong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jin Ha Kim
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Gary Luong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sasan Mokhtari
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David Pellei
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Caroline K Carrico
- Department of Dental Public Health and Policy, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sinem Esra Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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2
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Ortíz de Urbina Comerón P, Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Lobo Galindo AB, Montiel-Company JM, Lorenzo-Gómez MF, Flores Fraile J. Relationship between Prostate Inflammation and Periodontal Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6070. [PMID: 37763009 PMCID: PMC10531617 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the association between periodontal disease and prostate inflammation with a null hypothesis stating that periodontal disease does not increase the incidence of prostate inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational cohort and case-control studies that evaluated the odds ratio or hazard ratio and confidence interval was undertaken based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations (2020). A total of four databases were consulted in the literature search: PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. After eliminating duplicated articles and applying the inclusion criteria, seven articles were selected for the qualitative and quantitative analyses. RESULTS Four observational cohort studies and three observational cohort case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. The four observational cohort studies were combined using the random effects model to estimate a hazard ratio of 1.32 with a confidence interval of 95% between 0.87 and 1.77. The meta-analysis presented high heterogeneity (Q test = 56.1; p value < 0.001; I2 = 94.9%). Moreover, the three observational case-control studies were combined using the random effects model to estimate an odds ratio of 1.62 with a confidence interval of 95% between 1.41 and 1.84. The meta-analysis presented high heterogeneity (Q test = 1.07; p value = 0.782; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of periodontal disease does not increase the risk of the incidence of prostate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ortíz de Urbina Comerón
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (P.O.d.U.C.); (M.-F.L.-G.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (P.O.d.U.C.); (M.-F.L.-G.); (J.F.F.)
- Department of Implant Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Belén Lobo Galindo
- Department of Implant Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José María Montiel-Company
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María-Fernanda Lorenzo-Gómez
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (P.O.d.U.C.); (M.-F.L.-G.); (J.F.F.)
- Servicio de Urología del Hospital, Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Flores Fraile
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (P.O.d.U.C.); (M.-F.L.-G.); (J.F.F.)
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3
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Bai M, Dai J, Li C, Cui H, Lin L. Antibacterial and antibiofilm performance of low-frequency ultrasound against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its application in fresh produce. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 400:110266. [PMID: 37263173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound technology has been focused on due to its unique advantages in biofilm removal compared with traditional antibacterial methods. Herein, the anti-biofilm properties of low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) were studied against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 (E. coli O157:H7). After ultrasonication (20 kHz, 300 W) for 5 min, the removal rate of biofilm from polystyrene sheets reached up to 99.999 %. However, the bacterial cells could not be inactivated completely even extending the duration of ultrasonic irradiation to 30 min. Fortunately, this study indicated that LFUS could efficiently weaken the metabolic capacity and biofilm-forming ability of bacterial cells separated from biofilm. It could be associated with the removal of cell surface appendages and damage to cell membrane induced by mechanical vibration and acoustic cavitation. Besides, the genetic analysis proved that the transcription level of genes involved in curli formation was significantly down-regulated during ultrasonic irradiation, thus impeding the process of irreversible adhesion and cells aggregation. Finally, the actual application effect of LFUS was also evaluated in different fresh produces model. The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for the further application of ultrasound in the food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jinming Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410007, China.
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4
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Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
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5
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Lappin MJ, Dellett M, Mills KI, Lundy FT, Irwin CR. The neutralising and stimulatory effects of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105634. [PMID: 36773560 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of LL-37, a broad spectrum antimicrobial peptide expressed in periodontal tissues, on human gingival fibroblast responsiveness to microbial challenge and to explore the direct effects of LL-37 on human gingival fibroblasts. DESIGN The effect of LL-37 on bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of Interleukin (IL-6) and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 8 was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). LL-37's influence on bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced IκBα degradation was investigated by western blot. DNA microarray analysis initially determined the direct effects of LL-37 on gene expression, these findings were subsequently confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA analysis of selected genes. RESULTS Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 and CXCL8 production by human gingival fibroblasts was significantly reduced in the presence of LL-37 at concentrations in the range of 1-10 µg/ml. LL-37 led to a reduction in lipopolysaccharide-induced IκBα degradation by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (10 µg/ml). LL-37 (50 µg/ml) significantly altered the gene expression of 367 genes in human gingival fibroblasts by at least 2-fold. CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, Interleukin-24 (IL-24), CXCL8, Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 2, and Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 3 mRNA were significantly upregulated by LL-37. LL-37 also significantly stimulated expression of CXCL8, hepatocyte growth factor and CXCL1 at the protein level. CONCLUSION LL-37 plays an important regulatory role in the immunomodulatory activity of gingival fibroblasts by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide -induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and directly stimulating the expression of an array of bioactive molecules involved in inflammation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Dellett
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, UK
| | - K I Mills
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, UK
| | - F T Lundy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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6
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Feres M. Anne Haffajee: An inspirational role model. Oral Dis 2023; 29 Suppl 1:907-911. [PMID: 36630194 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This article honors Dr. Anne Haffajee's career, her highest research standards, scholarly integrity, and inspirational mentorship. Anne-as she liked to be called-was one of the most productive clinical scientists of her time. Gifted with the unique combination of knowledge in the fields of clinical research, oral ecology, data analysis, and computer programing, her work triggered unprecedented advances in the diagnosis, progression, and treatment of periodontitis. Anne's pivotal clinical trials elucidated the effects of non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapies. In addition to her scholarly achievements, Anne played an important role in mentoring young scientists, many of whom have developed independent leadership careers in periodontal research. She always found time to help her mentees, and ultimately became a warm-hearted friend to many of them, including myself. Anne was consistently devoted to contributing to the future of clinical investigation, and more specifically concerned about the lack of interest by (1) funding agencies in supporting such studies and by (2) the new generation of investigators in pursuing a career in the area. She passed away prematurely, in 2013, at the age of 65. Undoubtedly, her work and legacy assured the continuity of high-standard clinical studies in periodontics and the survival of a whole generation of clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University (Brazil), São Paulo, Guarulhos, Brazil.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine (USA), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Forsyth Institute (USA), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Wang X, Tewari N, Sato F, Tanimoto K, Thangavelu L, Makishima M, Bhawal UK. Biphasic Functions of Sodium Fluoride (NaF) in Soft and in Hard Periodontal Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020962. [PMID: 35055148 PMCID: PMC8780524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used in clinical dentistry. However, the administration of high or low concentrations of NaF has various functions in different tissues. Understanding the mechanisms of the different effects of NaF will help to optimize its use in clinical applications. Studies of NaF and epithelial cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and periodontal cells have suggested the significant roles of fluoride treatment. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the biphasic functions of NaF that are related to both soft and hard periodontal tissues, multiple diseases, and clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Shizuoka Cancer Center, Pathology Division, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan;
| | - Keiji Tanimoto
- Department of Translational Cancer Research, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (U.K.B.)
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8
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Wang Y, Deng H, Pan Y, Jin L, Hu R, Lu Y, Deng W, Sun W, Chen C, Shen X, Huang XF. Periodontal disease increases the host susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity: a Mendelian randomization study. J Transl Med 2021; 19:528. [PMID: 34952598 PMCID: PMC8708510 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence shows that periodontal disease (PD) may increase the risk of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications. Here, we undertook a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, and investigated for the first time the possible causal impact of PD on host susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity. Methods Summary statistics of COVID-19 susceptibility and severity were retrieved from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative and used as outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with PD in Genome-wide association study were included as exposure. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the main approach to analyze the causal relationships between PD and COVID-19. Three additional methods were adopted, allowing the existence of horizontal pleiotropy, including MR-Egger regression, weighted median and weighted mode methods. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were also conducted for estimating the robustness of the identified associations. Results The MR estimates showed that PD was significantly associated with significantly higher susceptibility to COVID-19 using IVW (OR = 1.024, P = 0.017, 95% CI 1.004–1.045) and weighted median method (OR = 1.029, P = 0.024, 95% CI 1.003–1.055). Furthermore, it revealed that PD was significantly linked to COVID-19 severity based on the comparison of hospitalization versus population controls (IVW, OR = 1.025, P = 0.039, 95% CI 1.001–1.049; weighted median, OR = 1.030, P = 0.027, 95% CI 1.003–1.058). No such association was observed in the cohort of highly severe cases confirmed versus those not hospitalized due to COVID-19. Conclusions We provide evidence on the possible causality of PD accounting for the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, highlighting the importance of oral/periodontal healthcare for general wellbeing during the pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Deng
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihuai Pan
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyong Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiu-Feng Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Wenzhou Medical University-Monash BDI Alliance in Clinical and Experimental Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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The Relationship Between Periodontal Infection and Systemic and Distant Organ Disease in Dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 52:121-137. [PMID: 34838247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infection in the mouth causes systemic and distant organ changes in dogs. This article summarizes the information available. Reported changes include an increase in liver-generated acute-phase proteins in response to the infectious insult to the body and evidence of microscopic changes in renal, hepatic, and cardiac tissues. Treatment of periodontal infection results in a decrease in the acute-phase protein concentration, which supports the hypothesis that a cause-and-effect relationship exists between periodontal infection and distant organ changes.
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10
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Kamkwalala AR, Garg A, Roy U, Matthews A, Castillo-Mancilla J, Lake JE, Sebastiani G, Yin M, Brown TT, Kamer AR, Jabs DA, Ellis RJ, Boffito M, Greene M, Schmalzle S, Siegler E, Erlandson KM, Moore DJ. Current Considerations for Clinical Management and Care of People with HIV: Findings from the 11th Annual International HIV and Aging Workshop. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:807-820. [PMID: 34405689 PMCID: PMC8817696 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people with HIV (PWH) aged 50 years or older continues to steadily increase. The convergence of age- and HIV-related complications in these individuals presents a challenge for both patients and clinicians alike. New findings continue to emerge, as numerous researchers evaluate the combined impact of these two factors on quality of life, physiological systems, and mental health in PWH. Since its first occurrence in 2009, the International Workshop on HIV and Aging has served as a multidisciplinary meeting to share basic biomedical data, clinical trial results, treatment strategies, and epidemiological recommendations, toward better understanding and outcomes among like-minded scientific professionals. In this article, we share a selection of key findings presented in plenary talks at the 11th Annual International Workshop on HIV and Aging, held virtually from September 30, 2020 to October 2, 2020. We will also address the future directions of HIV and aging research, to further assess how the aging process intersects with chronic HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Garg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Upal Roy
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Avery Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jose Castillo-Mancilla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jordan E. Lake
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael Yin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Todd T. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela R. Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas A. Jabs
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marta Boffito
- Department of HIV Services, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meredith Greene
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah Schmalzle
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eugenia Siegler
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristine M. Erlandson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David J. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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11
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Hasturk H, Steed D, Tosun E, Martins M, Floros C, Nguyen D, Stephens D, Cugini M, Starr J, Van Dyke TE. Use of amnion-derived cellular cytokine solution for the treatment of gingivitis: A 2-week safety, dose-ranging, proof-of-principle randomized trial. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1317-1328. [PMID: 33586783 PMCID: PMC8518950 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background A 6‐week Phase I clinical trial was performed to primarily evaluate the safety and secondarily determine the preliminary efficacy of a novel biological solution, ST266, comprised of a mixture of cytokines, growth factors, nucleic acids, and lipids secreted by cultured amnion‐derived multipotent progenitor cells on gingival inflammation. Methods Fifty‐four adults with gingivitis/periodontitis were randomly assigned to 1X ST266 or diluted 0.3X ST266 or saline topically applied on facial/lingual gingiva (20 µL/tooth). Safety was assessed through oral soft/hard tissue exam, adverse events, and routine laboratory tests. Efficacy was assessed by modified gingival index (MGI), bleeding on probing, plaque index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Assessments were performed on day 0, 8, 12, and 42. ST266 and saline applied daily starting at day 0 through day 12 except weekend days. Plasma was analyzed for safety and proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and interferon gamma. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was analyzed for the same cytokines. Subgingival plaque was primarily analyzed by checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Comparisons with saline were modeled through a generalized estimating equations method adjusting for baseline. Results No safety concern was found related to ST266. Statistically significant reduction in MGI was noted at day 42 by 1X ST266 compared with saline (P = 0.044). PD and CAL were reduced by both doses of ST266 at day 42 (P <0.01) and by 1X ST266 at day 12 (P <0.05). GCF IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels were reduced by both doses of ST266 at day 12 (P <0.05, P <0.01, respectively). IL‐6 was also significantly reduced in plasma of both ST266 groups (P <0.05). Significant reductions in red complex bacteria were detected in both ST266 doses. Conclusions In this “first in human oral cavity” study, topical ST266 was safe and effective in reducing gingival inflammation in 6 weeks. Longitudinal studies with large sample sizes are warranted to assess the therapeutic value of this novel host modulatory compound in the treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Hasturk
- The Forsyth Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Emre Tosun
- The Forsyth Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Melissa Martins
- The Forsyth Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Constantinos Floros
- The Forsyth Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- The Forsyth Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Danielle Stephens
- The Forsyth Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Maryann Cugini
- The Forsyth Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jacqueline Starr
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- The Forsyth Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Cambridge, MA
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12
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Miyazawa H, Nakajima T, Horimizu M, Okuda K, Sugita N, Yamazaki K, Li L, Hayashi-Okada Y, Arita T, Nishimoto M, Nishida M, Genco RJ, Yamazaki K. Impact of Local Drug Delivery of Minocycline on the Subgingival Microbiota during Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:E123. [PMID: 33121117 PMCID: PMC7711502 DOI: 10.3390/dj8040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of adjunct local minocycline administration on the microbiological parameters of subgingival plaque samples in the residual periodontal pockets. Ten chronic periodontitis patients under a supportive periodontal therapy regimen were recruited. After subgingival debridement, either 2% minocycline gel, Periocline™, (Test Group) or a placebo (Control Group) was administered to the selected sites once a week for three weeks. Subgingival plaque was collected at baseline, and at four weeks and eight weeks. The microbiological composition was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. In the Test Group, α-diversity (evenness) decreased compared to the baseline (p = 0.005) and was lower compared to the control group at four weeks (p = 0.003). The microbial community composition between the two groups was significantly different at four weeks (p = 0.029). These changes were attributable to a decrease in the bacteria associated with periodontitis and an increase in the bacteria associated with periodontal health. Additionally, the improvement in bleeding on probing continued at eight weeks; however, there were little microbial effects of 2% minocycline gel observed at eight weeks. The control group demonstrated no change throughout the eight-week experimental period. Thus, local minocycline administration can change the subgingival microbial community of residual periodontal pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Miyazawa
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (H.M.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Takako Nakajima
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (H.M.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Makoto Horimizu
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (M.H.); (K.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Kazuhiro Okuda
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (M.H.); (K.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Noriko Sugita
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (M.H.); (K.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Kyoko Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (H.M.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, 338 Davis Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Yoshiko Hayashi-Okada
- Sunstar Inc., 3-1, Asahimachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1134, Japan; (Y.H.-O.); (T.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Takuya Arita
- Sunstar Inc., 3-1, Asahimachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1134, Japan; (Y.H.-O.); (T.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Misa Nishimoto
- Sunstar Inc., 3-1, Asahimachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1134, Japan; (Y.H.-O.); (T.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Mieko Nishida
- Sunstar Inc., 3-1, Asahimachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-1134, Japan; (Y.H.-O.); (T.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Robert J. Genco
- Departments of Oral Biology, and Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Microbiome Research, University at Buffalo, 135 Foster Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (H.M.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
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13
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Vila T, Sultan AS, Montelongo-Jauregui D, Jabra-Rizk MA. Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6010015. [PMID: 31963180 PMCID: PMC7151112 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as “thrush,” is an opportunistic fungal infection that commonly affects the oral mucosa. The main causative agent, Candida albicans, is a highly versatile commensal organism that is well adapted to its human host; however, changes in the host microenvironment can promote the transition from one of commensalism to pathogen. This transition is heavily reliant on an impressive repertoire of virulence factors, most notably cell surface adhesins, proteolytic enzymes, morphologic switching, and the development of drug resistance. In the oral cavity, the co-adhesion of C. albicans with bacteria is crucial for its persistence, and a wide range of synergistic interactions with various oral species were described to enhance colonization in the host. As a frequent colonizer of the oral mucosa, the host immune response in the oral cavity is oriented toward a more tolerogenic state and, therefore, local innate immune defenses play a central role in maintaining Candida in its commensal state. Specifically, in addition to preventing Candida adherence to epithelial cells, saliva is enriched with anti-candidal peptides, considered to be part of the host innate immunity. The T helper 17 (Th17)-type adaptive immune response is mainly involved in mucosal host defenses, controlling initial growth of Candida and inhibiting subsequent tissue invasion. Animal models, most notably the mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis and the rat model of denture stomatitis, are instrumental in our understanding of Candida virulence factors and the factors leading to host susceptibility to infections. Given the continuing rise in development of resistance to the limited number of traditional antifungal agents, novel therapeutic strategies are directed toward identifying bioactive compounds that target pathogenic mechanisms to prevent C. albicans transition from harmless commensal to pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taissa Vila
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
| | - Ahmed S. Sultan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
| | - Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.V.); (A.S.S.); (D.M.-J.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-0508; Fax: +1-410-706-0519
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14
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Seki K, Hagiwara Y. Implant Treatment with 12-Year Follow-Up in a Patient with Severe Chronic Periodontitis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Dent 2019; 2019:3715159. [PMID: 31885938 PMCID: PMC6893273 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3715159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss among adults is associated with progressive periodontitis. Implant prosthetic treatment has long been utilized in periodontal patients. Even when the implants are applied, ongoing management of periodontal disease and control of inflammation is necessary to maintain a healthy oral cavity. Lack of appropriate periodontal treatment can result in recurrence of periodontal disease during a maintenance period; loss of the supportive capacity of the periodontal tissues will increase the susceptibility of residual teeth to traumatic force. For this reason, it is worthwhile to improve oral function by applying implants as a fixed device. Here, we report that implant treatment in a patient with generalized severe chronic periodontitis helped maintain the periodontal and peri-implant tissue for a long term. We propose that initial periodontal treatment and ongoing supportive therapy can help maintain implants in patients with severe periodontitis. In addition, we reviewed case reports in the English literature so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Seki
- Implant Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Clinical Education, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hagiwara
- Implant Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Yamamoto S, Omori K, Mandai H, Nakayama M, Nakagawa S, Kobayashi H, Kunimine T, Yoshimura H, Sakaida K, Sako H, Ibaragi S, Yamamoto T, Maeda H, Suga S, Takashiba S. Fungal metabolite (+)-terrein suppresses IL-6/sIL-6R-induced CSF1 secretion by inhibiting JAK1 phosphorylation in human gingival fibroblasts. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00979. [PMID: 30519664 PMCID: PMC6260243 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of bacterial infection-induced inflammatory responses is one of the effective therapeutic approaches of periodontal diseases. Natural products such as lipid mediators and metabolites from microorganisms have been used for decreasing inflammation. We previously reported that (+)-terrein inhibited activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 in interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling cascade, leading to prevent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). However, little is still known about the role of (+)-terrein on inflammatory responses. In this study, we provided the possibility of novel action that (+)-terrein inhibits activation of Janus-activated kinase 1 (JAK1), which has a central function in IL-6 signaling cascade, and alters expression of mRNAs and proteins induced by IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) stimulation in HGFs. First, we performed PCR array to examine IL-6/sIL-6R-induced mRNA expression, and then expression of mRNA and protein of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) and VEGF were clearly determined by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Treatment with (+)-terrein suppressed expression of mRNA and protein of CSF1 and VEGF by IL-6/sIL-6R stimulation. Next, to test the effect of (+)-terrein on IL-6/sIL-6R signaling cascade, we demonstrated whether (+)-terrein affects phosphorylation of JAK1 and its downstream proteins, Akt and SHP-2. Western blotting revealed that (+)-terrein inhibited IL-6/sIL-6R-induced phosphorylation of JAK1, Akt, and SHP-2. Therefore, (+)-terrein suppresses IL-6/sIL-6R-induced expression of CSF1 and VEGF via inhibition of JAK1, Akt, and SHP-2. Based on our results, we suggest that (+)-terrein is a candidate compound for anti-inflammatory effect associated with IL-6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Omori
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hiroki Mandai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakayama
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Saki Nakagawa
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kunimine
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshimura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Sakaida
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Sako
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Endodontics, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan
| | - Seiji Suga
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Ebersole JL, Al-Sabbagh M, Gonzalez OA, Dawson DR. Ageing effects on humoral immune responses in chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:680-692. [PMID: 29476652 PMCID: PMC5992058 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a dominant global bacterial infection that increases with ageing. AIM This report focuses on host adaptive immune responses in periodontitis. While experimental models and humans diagnosed with periodontitis demonstrate an antigenic specificity for particular oral bacteria, we have a limited understanding of (i) how ageing affects the adaptive immune responses to these bacteria that chronically colonize the oral cavity for decades prior to disease expression and (ii) how the magnitude and specificity of the response interface with pathogens that emerge within the bacterial ecology during exacerbations of disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum antibody levels to a group of pathogenic and commensal oral bacteria were measured in a population of individuals from 21 to 74 years of age, stratified based on clinical status of the periodontium, smoking and sex. RESULTS Clinical parameters were not significantly different within health, gingivitis or periodontitis groups related to age. Antibody to oral pathogens and commensals was similar in different age groups in each of the clinical categories, with no age correlation noted in the periodontitis patients. CONCLUSIONS The adaptive immune responses to oral bacteria that chronically colonize the oral cavity appear generally unaffected by age, but clearly are linked to the extent of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mohanad Al-Sabbagh
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dolph R Dawson
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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17
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Graziani F, Karapetsa D, Alonso B, Herrera D. Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease? Periodontol 2000 2018; 75:152-188. [PMID: 28758300 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of periodontitis aims at preventing further disease progression with the intentions to reduce the risk of tooth loss, minimize symptoms and perception of the disease, possibly restore lost periodontal tissue and provide information on maintaining a healthy periodontium. Therapeutic intervention includes introduction of techniques to change behavior, such as: individually tailored oral-hygiene instructions; a smoking-cessation program; dietary adjustment; subgingival instrumentation to remove plaque and calculus; local and systemic pharmacotherapy; and various types of surgery. No single treatment option has shown superiority, and virtually all types of mechanical periodontal treatment benefit from adjunctive antimicrobial chemotherapy. Periodontal treatment, because of the chronic nature of periodontitis, is a lifelong commitment to intricate oral-hygiene techniques, which, when properly implemented, will minimize the risk of disease initiation and progression.
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18
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Andersen RC. Photodynamic Disinfection in the Treatment of Chronic Adult Periodontitis: A Multicenter Clinical Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/jdhodt.2017.08.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Elamin A, Ali RW, Bakken V. Putative periodontopathic bacteria and herpes viruses interactions in the subgingival plaque of patients with aggressive periodontitis and healthy controls. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:183-190. [PMID: 29744199 PMCID: PMC5839261 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial profile of aggressive periodontitis patients is considered to be complex with variations among populations in different geographical areas. The aim of this study was to assess the presences of 4 putative periodontopathic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) and 2 periodontal herpes viruses (Epstein-Barr virus type 1 [EBV-1] and human cytomegalovirus [HMCV]) in subgingival plaque of Sudanese subjects with aggressive periodontitis and healthy controls. The study group consisted of 34 subjects, 17 aggressive periodontitis patients and 17 periodontally healthy controls (14-19 years of age). Pooled subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed for detection of bacteria and viruses using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Prevalence of subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans, HCMV, and P. gingivalis were significantly higher among aggressive periodontitis patients than periodontally healthy controls. Coinfection with A. actinomycetemcomitans, HCMV, and/or EBV-1 was restricted to the cases. Increased risk of aggressive periodontitis was the highest when A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected together with EBV-1 (OD 49.0, 95% CI [2.5, 948.7], p = .01) and HCMV (OD 39.1, 95% CI [2.0, 754.6], p = .02). In Sudanese patients, A. actinomycetemcomitans and HCMV were the most associated test pathogens with aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elamin
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health SciencesZayed UniversityDubaiUAE
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Raouf Wahab Ali
- Department of PeriodontologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyOmdurmanSudan
| | - Vidar Bakken
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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20
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Van Dyke TE. Pro-resolving mediators in the regulation of periodontal disease. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:21-36. [PMID: 28483532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the dentition that is initiated by bacteria that form a biofilm on the surface of the teeth. The pathogenesis of the disease is a result of complex interactions between the biofilm and the host response that results in dysbiosis of the microbiome and dysregulation of the inflammatory response. Current data suggest that the excess inflammation associated with periodontitis is due to a failure of resolution of inflammation pathways. In this review, the relationship between inflammation and microbial dysbiosis is examined in the context of pro-inflammation and pro-resolution mediators and their ability to modify the course of disease. The impact of local oral inflammation on systemic inflammation and the relationship of periodontitis to other inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is reviewed. Active resolvers of inflammation, including the lipoxins and resolvins, show great promise as therapeutics for the treatment of periodontitis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Kanoriya D, Singhal S, Garg V, Pradeep AR, Garg S, Kumar A. Clinical efficacy of subgingivally‐delivered 0.75% boric acid gel as an adjunct to mechanotherapy in chronic periodontitis: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kanoriya
- Department of PeriodontologyGovernment Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Sandeep Singhal
- Department of PeriodontologyGovernment Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Vibhuti Garg
- Department of PeriodontologyGovernment Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Avani R. Pradeep
- Department of PeriodontologyGovernment Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Shruti Garg
- Department of PeriodontologyGovernment Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Public Health DentistryGovernment Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore Karnataka India
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22
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Tomé FM, Paula Ramos LD, Freire F, Pereira CA, de Oliveira ICB, Junqueira JC, Jorge AOC, Oliveira LDD. Influence of sucrose on growth and sensitivity of Candida albicans alone and in combination with Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans to photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1237-1243. [PMID: 28389898 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study has evaluated the effects of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) using erythrosine as photosensitizer and green light-emitting diode (LED) on biofilms of Candida albicans alone and in combination with Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. We have also evaluated the effect of sucrose on biofilm formation and bacterial growth and sensitivity to PDI. Biofilms were formed in suspension of 106 cells/ml on plates before being grown in broth culture with and without sucrose and incubated for 48 h. Next, the treatment was applied using erythrosine at a concentration of 400 μM for 5 min and green LED (532 ± 10 nm) for 3 min on biofilms alone and in combination. The plates were washed and sonicated to disperse the biofilms, and serial dilutions were carried and aliquots seeded in Sabouraud agar before incubation for 48 h. Next, the colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml; log10) were counted and analyzed statistically (ANOVA, Tukey test, P ≤ 0.05). Results show that S. mutans favors the growth of C. albicans in biofilms with sucrose, with treatment not being effective. However, when the biofilm was grown without sucrose, we found a reduction in biofilm formation and a significant decrease in the PDI treatment (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, both growth and sensitivity to PDI in biofilms of C. albicans are strongly influenced by bacterial combination, and the presence of sucrose affected directly the growth and sensitivity of the biofilm to PDI as sucrose is the substrate for construction of the exopolysaccharide matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Malagutti Tomé
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Lucas De Paula Ramos
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Freire
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aparecida Pereira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Christine Barbosa de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
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23
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Dolińska E, Skurska A, Pietruska M, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Milewski R, Pietruski J, Sculean A. The Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on HNP1-3 Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:355-361. [PMID: 28204842 PMCID: PMC5511316 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rich bacterial flora of oral cavity is controlled by innate immune response, including antibacterial peptides and among them human neutrophil peptides 1–3 (HNP1-3). The knowledge of the involvement of HNPs in innate and acquired immunity of the periodontium is fragmentary. The aim of the study was to assess alterations in HNP1-3 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis patients before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Nineteen patients with chronic periodontitis were qualified to the study. After periodontal examination, one site with pocket depth (PD) ≥4 mm was selected. All the patients received periodontal treatment involving scaling and root planing with additional systemic antibiotic therapy (Amoxicillin 375 mg three times daily and Metronidazole 250 mg three times daily for 7 days). Prior to therapy, 3 and 6 months after it, clinical periodontal parameters were measured and GCF was collected from previously chosen site. The level of HNP1-3 in GCF was determined by means of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. The periodontal therapy caused a statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in all the assessed clinical parameters at the sites of sample collection except for bleeding on probing. The level of HNP1-3 per measure point showed a statistically significant increase (baseline—3 months: p = 0.05, baseline—6 months: p = 0.007). Within the limits of the study, it can be stated that nonsurgical periodontal therapy with additional systemic administration of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole increases the level of HNP1-3 in GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dolińska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Skurska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pietruska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Białystok, Poland.,Private Practice, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Robert Milewski
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Gonçalves C, Soares GMS, Faveri M, Pérez-Chaparro PJ, Lobão E, Figueiredo LC, Baccelli GT, Feres M. Association of three putative periodontal pathogens with chronic periodontitis in Brazilian subjects. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:181-5. [PMID: 27119767 PMCID: PMC4836926 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Filifactor alocis and Dialister pneumosintes with the occurrence of periodontitis. Material and Methods Thirty subjects with chronic periodontitis (ChP) and 10 with periodontal health (PH) were included in the study. Nine subgingival biofilm samples were collected as follows: i) PH group - from the mesial/buccal aspect of each tooth in two randomly chosen contralateral quadrants; ii) ChP group - from three sites in each of the following probing depth (PD) categories: shallow (≤3 mm), moderate (4-6 mm) and deep (≥7 mm). Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization was used to analyze the samples. Results We found the three species evaluated in a higher percentage of sites and at higher levels in the group with ChP than in the PH group (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney test). We also observed these differences when the samples from sites with PD≤4 mm or ≥5 mm of subjects with ChP were compared with those from subjects with PH (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney test). In addition, the prevalence and levels of D. pneumosintes, and especially of F. alocis were very low in healthy subjects (0.12x105 and 0.01x105, respectively). Conclusion F. alocis and D. pneumosintes might be associated with the etiology of ChP, and their role in the onset and progression of this infection should be further investigated. The role of P. endodontalis was less evident, since this species was found in relatively high levels and prevalence in the PH group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Gonçalves
- Departamento de Periodontia, Universidade de Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Marcelo Faveri
- Departamento de Periodontia, Universidade de Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Eduardo Lobão
- Departamento de Periodontia, Universidade de Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Magda Feres
- Departamento de Periodontia, Universidade de Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brasil
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25
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Lee CT, Teles R, Kantarci A, Chen T, McCafferty J, Starr JR, Brito LCN, Paster BJ, Van Dyke TE. Resolvin E1 Reverses Experimental Periodontitis and Dysbiosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2796-806. [PMID: 27543615 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced inflammatory disease characterized by dysbiosis of the commensal periodontal microbiota. It is unclear how natural regulation of inflammation affects the periodontal biofilm. Promoters of active resolution of inflammation, including resolvin E1 (RvE1), effectively treat inflammatory periodontitis in animal models. The goals of this study were 1) to compare periodontal tissue gene expression in different clinical conditions, 2) to determine the impact of local inflammation on the composition of subgingival bacteria, and 3) to understand how inflammation impacts these changes. Two clinically relevant experiments were performed in rats: prevention and treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis with RvE1 topical treatment. The gingival transcriptome was evaluated by RNA sequencing of mRNA. The composition of the subgingival microbiota was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing. Periodontitis was assessed by bone morphometric measurements and histomorphometry of block sections. H&E and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were used to characterize and quantify inflammatory changes. RvE1 treatment prevented bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis. Osteoclast density and inflammatory cell infiltration in the RvE1 groups were lower than those in the placebo group. RvE1 treatment reduced expression of inflammation-related genes, returning the expression profile to one more similar to health. Treatment of established periodontitis with RvE1 reversed bone loss, reversed inflammatory gene expression, and reduced osteoclast density. Assessment of the rat subgingival microbiota after RvE1 treatment revealed marked changes in both prevention and treatment experiments. The data suggest that modulation of local inflammation has a major role in shaping the composition of the subgingival microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | - Ricardo Teles
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jon McCafferty
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jacqueline R Starr
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | | | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
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26
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Diniz IMA, Chen C, Ansari S, Zadeh HH, Moshaverinia M, Chee D, Marques MM, Shi S, Moshaverinia A. Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cell (GMSC) Delivery System Based on RGD-Coupled Alginate Hydrogel with Antimicrobial Properties: A Novel Treatment Modality for Peri-Implantitis. J Prosthodont 2016; 25:105-15. [PMID: 26216081 PMCID: PMC4729657 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Peri-implantitis is one of the most common inflammatory complications in dental implantology. Similar to periodontitis, in peri-implantitis, destructive inflammatory changes take place in the tissues surrounding a dental implant. Bacterial flora at the failing implant sites resemble the pathogens in periodontal disease and consist of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of a silver lactate (SL)-containing RGD-coupled alginate hydrogel scaffold as a promising stem cell delivery vehicle with antimicrobial properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) or human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) were encapsulated in SL-loaded alginate hydrogel microspheres. Stem cell viability, proliferation, and osteo-differentiation capacity were analyzed. RESULTS Our results showed that SL exhibited antimicrobial properties against Aa in a dose-dependent manner, with 0.50 mg/ml showing the greatest antimicrobial properties while still maintaining cell viability. At this concentration, SL-containing alginate hydrogel was able to inhibit Aa growth on the surface of Ti discs and significantly reduce the bacterial load in Aa suspensions. Silver ions were effectively released from the SL-loaded alginate microspheres for up to 2 weeks. Osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs and hBMMSCs encapsulated in the SL-loaded alginate microspheres were confirmed by the intense mineral matrix deposition and high expression of osteogenesis-related genes. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings confirm that GMSCs encapsulated in RGD-modified alginate hydrogel containing SL show promise for bone tissue engineering with antimicrobial properties against Aa bacteria in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana M. A. Diniz
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sahar Ansari
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Homayoun H. Zadeh
- Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Maryam Moshaverinia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Daniel Chee
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Márcia M. Marques
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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27
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Bhawal UK, Lee HJ, Arikawa K, Shimosaka M, Suzuki M, Toyama T, Sato T, Kawamata R, Taguchi C, Hamada N, Nasu I, Arakawa H, Shibutani K. Micromolar sodium fluoride mediates anti-osteoclastogenesis in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. Int J Oral Sci 2015; 7:242-9. [PMID: 26674426 PMCID: PMC5153593 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-specific multinucleated cells generated by the differentiation of monocyte/macrophage lineage precursors. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation is considered an effective therapeutic approach to the treatment of bone-lytic diseases. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by extensive bone resorption. In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on osteoclastogenesis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important colonizer of the oral cavity that has been implicated in periodontitis. NaF strongly inhibited the P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. That effect was accompanied by decreased levels of cathepsin K, interleukin (IL)-1β, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, which were up-regulated during P. gingivalis-induced osteoclastogenesis. Consistent with the in vivo anti-osteoclastogenic effect, NaF inhibited osteoclast formation caused by the differentiation factor RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). The RANKL-stimulated induction of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 was also abrogated by NaF. Taken together, our data demonstrate that NaF inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by reducing the induction of NFATc1, ultimately leading to the suppressed expression of cathepsin K and MMP9. The in vivo effect of NaF on the inhibition of P. gingivalis-induced osteoclastogenesis strengthens the potential usefulness of NaF for treating periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal K Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.,Research Institute of Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.,Department of Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Howon University, Gunsan, Korea
| | - Kazumune Arikawa
- Research Institute of Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.,Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Michiharu Shimosaka
- Research Institute of Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Research Institute of Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Toshizo Toyama
- Department of Infection Control, Division of Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Takenori Sato
- Department of Infection Control, Division of Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Ryota Kawamata
- Department of Radiopraxis Science, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Chieko Taguchi
- Research Institute of Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.,Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Infection Control, Division of Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nasu
- Research Institute of Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.,Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Arakawa
- Department of Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Koh Shibutani
- Research Institute of Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.,Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
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28
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Deng S, Wang Y, Sun W, Chen H, Wu G. Scaling and root planning, and locally delivered minocycline reduces the load of Prevotella intermedia in an interdependent pattern, correlating with symptomatic improvements of chronic periodontitis: a short-term randomized clinical trial. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:1795-803. [PMID: 26676022 PMCID: PMC4675638 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s93982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the respective or combinatory efficacy of locally delivered 2% minocycline (MO), and scaling and root planning (SRP) by assessing both clinical parameters and the loads of four main periodontal pathogens in treating chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods Seventy adults with CP were randomly assigned to the three treatment groups: 1) SRP alone; 2) MO alone; and 3) combinatory use of SRP and MO (SRP + MO). Before and 7 days after the treatments, we evaluated both clinical parameters (pocket depth [PD] and sulcus bleeding index [SBI]) and the gene load of four main periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [Aa], Fusobacterium nucleatum [Fn], Porphyromonas gingivalis [Pg], and Prevotella intermedia [Pi]). Results The bacterial prevalence per patient was: Aa, 31.25%; Fn, 100%; Pg, 95.31%; and Pi, 98.44%. Seven days after treatment, the three treatments significantly reduced both PD and SBI, but not detection frequencies of the four pathogens. For PD, the reduction efficacy of SRP + MO was significantly higher than that of either MO or SRP. Only Pg responded significantly to SRP. Pg and Fn were significantly reduced in the presence of MO. Only SRP + MO showed a significant reduction effect on the gene load of Pi. The reduction of PD significantly correlated with the gene load of Pi (r=0.26; P=0.042) but not of the other bacteria. Conclusion SRP and MO reduced the load of Pi in an interdependent pattern, which correlated with symptomatic improvements of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Deng
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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29
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Sanz-Sánchez I, Ortiz-Vigón A, Herrera D, Sanz M. Microbiological effects and recolonization patterns after adjunctive subgingival debridement with Er:YAG laser. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1253-61. [PMID: 26419675 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological effects and recolonization patterns after non-surgical periodontal treatment protocol based on the adjunctive use of erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to two different treatment protocols: test, full-mouth subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation followed by Er-YAG laser application 1 week later to sites with initial probing pocket depth ≥4.5 mm; and control, full-mouth ultrasonic subgingival instrumentation within 1 week. Clinical (at sampled sites) and microbiological (culture-based) parameters were recorded at baseline and 3 and 12 months. Microbiological variables included total counts, frequency of detection, proportions and counts of target species. RESULTS Results from 19 test and 21 control patients were compared. Minor changes were observed for total colony-forming units, with no differences between groups. For the frequency of detection, a limited and similar impact in both groups was observed for the most prevalent (over 80 %) periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum). For proportions, reductions in P. gingivalis occurred at 3 months, both in the test and control groups (from 16.3 to 10 % and 16 to 14.8 %, respectively), although these differences were not statistically significant. At 12 months, the test group showed a statistically significant greater reduction in probing depth for the sampled sites. CONCLUSIONS The adjunctive use of Er:YAG laser when compared with conventional ultrasonic debridement did not provide a microbiological added benefit. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Even though some clinical benefits with the adjunctive laser application were identified when comparing both treatment protocols, there were no differences in microbiological outcomes or in the bacterial recolonization patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sanz-Sánchez
- Postgraduate Clinic in Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N., 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Ortiz-Vigón
- Postgraduate Clinic in Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- Postgraduate Clinic in Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N., 28040, Madrid, Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Postgraduate Clinic in Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N., 28040, Madrid, Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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30
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O'Donnell LE, Millhouse E, Sherry L, Kean R, Malcolm J, Nile CJ, Ramage G. PolymicrobialCandidabiofilms: friends and foe in the oral cavity. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov077. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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31
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Alzoman HA, Diab HM. Effect of gallium aluminium arsenide diode laser therapy on Porphyromonas gingivalis in chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 14:261-266. [PMID: 26250477 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this randomized, controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of 685-nm gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser therapy (1.6 J cm-2 ) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. METHODS Thirty-two patients aged 35-60 years old who had chronic periodontitis met the eligibility criteria. They were randomly assigned to two equal groups: scaling and root planing were performed in the SRP group, while scaling, root planing and laser irradiation of periodontal pockets were performed in the SRP + DL group. Subgingival plaque samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect P. gingivalis-colonized sites, and common clinical indices were evaluated before and 2 months after treatment. Clinical examination included gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival bleeding index (GBI), all of which were recorded. RESULTS Data from 30 patients [19 women and 11 men; mean age, 48.4 (5.4) years old] were analysed. There were statistically significant improvements in GI, PD, CAL and GBI for the SRP + DL group compared to SRP group but no significant difference in PI between the groups. Additionally, the percentage of P. gingivalis-positive sites in the SRP + DL group decreased from 80% (12/15) to 20% (3/15) after laser irradiation (P < 0.05). No significant changes were noted in the SRP group. CONCLUSION GaAlAs diode laser irradiation of diseased periodontal pockets at 685 nm and 1.6 J cm-2 seemed to be an effective adjuvant to mechanical instrumentation to treat chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Alzoman
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - H M Diab
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Biofilms in restorative dentistry: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2015; 113:524-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Teles FRF, Feres M, Bogren A, Teles RP. Anne Haffajee: a renaissance woman in periodontal research. J Dent Res 2015; 94:645-9. [PMID: 25758456 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515576962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F R F Teles
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Feres
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Bogren
- Clinic of Periodontology, Public Dental Health Service, Region of Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - R P Teles
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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34
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Kamer AR, Pirraglia E, Tsui W, Rusinek H, Vallabhajosula S, Mosconi L, Yi L, McHugh P, Craig RG, Svetcov S, Linker R, Shi C, Glodzik L, Williams S, Corby P, Saxena D, de Leon MJ. Periodontal disease associates with higher brain amyloid load in normal elderly. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:627-33. [PMID: 25491073 PMCID: PMC4399973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques is a central feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). First reported in animal models, it remains uncertain if peripheral inflammatory and/or infectious conditions in humans can promote Aβ brain accumulation. Periodontal disease, a common chronic infection, has been previously reported to be associated with AD. Thirty-eight cognitively normal, healthy, and community-residing elderly (mean age, 61 and 68% female) were examined in an Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and a University-Based Dental School. Linear regression models (adjusted for age, apolipoprotein E, and smoking) were used to test the hypothesis that periodontal disease assessed by clinical attachment loss was associated with brain Aβ load using (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) positron emission tomography imaging. After adjusting for confounders, clinical attachment loss (≥3 mm), representing a history of periodontal inflammatory/infectious burden, was associated with increased PIB uptake in Aβ vulnerable brain regions (p = 0.002). We show for the first time in humans an association between periodontal disease and brain Aβ load. These data are consistent with the previous animal studies showing that peripheral inflammation/infections are sufficient to produce brain Aβ accumulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA; School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Pirraglia
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wai Tsui
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry Rusinek
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, New York, NY, USA; School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lisa Mosconi
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Yi
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pauline McHugh
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Craig
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Spencer Svetcov
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ross Linker
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Schantel Williams
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Corby
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA; College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony J de Leon
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, New York, NY, USA
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Samarian DS, Jakubovics NS, Luo TL, Rickard AH. Use of a high-throughput in vitro microfluidic system to develop oral multi-species biofilms. J Vis Exp 2014:52467. [PMID: 25490193 PMCID: PMC4354480 DOI: 10.3791/52467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few high-throughput in vitro systems which facilitate the development of multi-species biofilms that contain numerous species commonly detected within in vivo oral biofilms. Furthermore, a system that uses natural human saliva as the nutrient source, instead of artificial media, is particularly desirable in order to support the expression of cellular and biofilm-specific properties that mimic the in vivo communities. We describe a method for the development of multi-species oral biofilms that are comparable, with respect to species composition, to supragingival dental plaque, under conditions similar to the human oral cavity. Specifically, this methods article will describe how a commercially available microfluidic system can be adapted to facilitate the development of multi-species oral biofilms derived from and grown within pooled saliva. Furthermore, a description of how the system can be used in conjunction with a confocal laser scanning microscope to generate 3-D biofilm reconstructions for architectural and viability analyses will be presented. Given the broad diversity of microorganisms that grow within biofilms in the microfluidic system (including Streptococcus, Neisseria, Veillonella, Gemella, and Porphyromonas), a protocol will also be presented describing how to harvest the biofilm cells for further subculture or DNA extraction and analysis. The limits of both the microfluidic biofilm system and the current state-of-the-art data analyses will be addressed. Ultimately, it is envisioned that this article will provide a baseline technique that will improve the study of oral biofilms and aid in the development of additional technologies that can be integrated with the microfluidic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S Samarian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan
| | | | - Ting L Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan
| | - Alexander H Rickard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan;
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36
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Feres M, Teles F. Anne D. Haffajee, D.D.S., 1947-2013. J Periodontal Res 2014; 49:681-2. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Feres
- Guarulhos University; Guarulhos SP Brazil
| | - F. Teles
- The Forsyth Institute; Cambridge MA USA
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Elastase and metalloproteinase-9 concentrations in saliva in patients with chronic periodontitis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2014; 39:357-64. [PMID: 26155148 PMCID: PMC4439995 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2014.45948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastase and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are two of numerous proteolytic enzymes released by neutrophilic granulocytes in the course of periodontitis. The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of elastase and MMP-9 in saliva in patients with chronic periodontitis compared to healthy individuals. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was employed to determine the concentrations of elastase and MMP-9 in saliva in patients with chronic periodontitis and with pocket depth (PD) ≥ 6 mm and PD < 6 mm, as well as in saliva of healthy individuals. Significantly higher concentrations of elastase and MMP-9 were observed in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.01). Also a significant difference in elastase concentration in saliva was observed between the PD ≥ 4 mm and PD < 6 mm groups and between the PD ≥ 6 mm and control groups, and statistically significant differences in MMP-9 concentrations between the PD ≥ 6 mm and control groups. No statistically significant differences were observed between the PD < 6 mm and control groups for elastase concentrations in saliva as well as between the PD ≥ 6 mm and PD < 6 mm groups, and also between the PD < 6 mm and control groups for MMP-9 concentrations in saliva. Elastase and MMP-9 concentrations in saliva can be considered as biochemical indicators of severity of periodontitis.
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Pérez-Chaparro PJ, Gonçalves C, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M, Lobão E, Tamashiro N, Duarte P, Feres M. Newly identified pathogens associated with periodontitis: a systematic review. J Dent Res 2014; 93:846-58. [PMID: 25074492 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514542468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence supporting the role of certain oral bacteria species in the onset and progression of periodontitis. Nevertheless, results of independent-culture diagnostic methods introduced about a decade ago have pointed to the existence of new periodontal pathogens. However, the data of these studies have not been evaluated together, which may generate some misunderstanding on the actual role of these microorganisms in the etiology of periodontitis. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the current weight of evidence for newly identified periodontal pathogens based on the results of "association" studies. This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched up to September 2013 for studies (1) comparing microbial data of subgingival plaque samples collected from subjects with periodontitis and periodontal health and (2) evaluating at least 1 microorganism other than the already-known periodontal pathogens. From 1,450 papers identified, 41 studies were eligible. The data were extracted and registered in predefined piloted forms. The results suggested that there is moderate evidence in the literature to support the association of 17 species or phylotypes from the phyla Bacteroidetes, Candidatus Saccharibacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Synergistetes. The phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria and the Archaea domain also seem to have an association with disease. These data point out the importance of previously unidentified species in the etiology of periodontitis and might guide future investigations on the actual role of these suspected new pathogens in the onset and progression of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Pérez-Chaparro
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Gonçalves
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L C Figueiredo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Lobão
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Tamashiro
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Duarte
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Antimicrobial effects of herbal extracts on Streptococcus mutans and normal oral streptococci. J Microbiol 2013; 51:484-9. [PMID: 23990300 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-3312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is associated with dental caries. A cariogenic biofilm, in particular, has been studied extensively for its role in the formation of dental caries. Herbal extracts such as Cudrania tricuspidata, Sophora flavescens, Ginkgo biloba, and Betula Schmidtii have been used as a folk remedy for treating diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of herbal extracts against normal oral streptococci, planktonic and biofilm of S. mutans. Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, and S. mutans were cultivated with brain heart infusion broth and susceptibility assay for the herbal extracts was performed according to the protocol of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Also, S. mutans biofilm was formed on a polystyrene 12-well plate and 8-well chamber glass slip using BHI broth containing 2% sucrose and 1% mannose after conditioning the plate and the glass slip with unstimulated saliva. The biofilm was treated with the herbal extracts in various concentrations and inoculated on Mitis-Salivarius bacitracin agar plate for enumeration of viable S. mutans by counting colony forming units. Planktonic S. mutans showed susceptibility to all of the extracts and S. mutans biofilm exhibited the highest level of sensitivity for the extracts of S. flavescens. The normal oral streptococci exhibited a weak susceptibility in comparison to S. mutans. S. oralis, however, was resistant to all of the extracts. In conclusion, the extract of S. flavescens may be a potential candidate for prevention and management of dental caries.
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40
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Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Teles R, Wennstrom JL, Lindhe J, Bogren A, Hasturk H, van Dyke T, Wang X, Goodson JM. Effect of periodontal therapy on the subgingival microbiota over a 2-year monitoring period. I. Overall effect and kinetics of change. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:771-80. [PMID: 23710672 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the 2-year post-therapy kinetics of change in the composition of subgingival biofilms. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 178 chronic periodontitis subjects were recruited and clinically monitored at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after therapy. All subjects received scaling and root planing and 156 one or more of periodontal surgery, systemically administered amoxicillin + metronidazole or local tetracycline at pockets ≥5 mm. Subgingival biofilm samples taken from each subject at each time point were analysed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. The significance of changes in median species counts over time was sought using the Wilcoxon or Friedman tests and adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Mean counts were significantly reduced from baseline to 2 years for 30 of the 40 taxa. Marked reductions were observed for periodontal pathogens including Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Eubacterium nodatum. The kinetics of change differed from species to species. When data were subset according to baseline PD, patterns of change in the microbial profiles were generally similar. CONCLUSION Periodontal therapy leads to a rapid reduction in periodontal pathogens, followed by a slower reduction in other taxa that can be sustained for at least 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigmund S Socransky
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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41
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Jeong E, Lee JY, Kim SJ, Choi J. Predominant immunoreactivity ofPorphyromonas gingivalisheat shock protein in autoimmune diseases. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:811-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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42
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Ziebolz D, Priegnitz A, Hasenfuss G, Helms HJ, Hornecker E, Mausberg RF. Oral health status of patients with acute coronary syndrome--a case control study. BMC Oral Health 2012; 12:17. [PMID: 22727119 PMCID: PMC3444382 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-12-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this investigation was to assess the state of oral health of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to compare this with that of a provably healthy control group (H). Methods 33 patients who were receiving treatment as inpatients following acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris took part in the study (ACS-group). A healthy control group (H-group) made up of blood donors, was formed following matching for age, gender, and smoking habit with the study patient group. The dental investigation consisted of the dental status (DMF-T), a plaque-Index (PI), an assessment of gingival inflammation (GI) and periodontal situation (Periodontal Screening Index: PSR®/PSI), and attachment loss (AL). Statistical evaluation: t-test, Mann–Whitney-test and chi- squared test (level of significance p < 0.05). Results The mean DMF-T of the ACS-group (18.7 ± 6.8) and the H-group (19.4 ± 5.1) showed no difference (p = 0.7). Although, in the ACS-group the average loss of teeth (M-T: 8.4 ± 5.2) was higher than in the H-group (M-T: 5.8 ± 6.6) the difference was not significant (p = 0.2). Whereas with the PI no difference between the two groups was found (p = 0.9), the ACS-group showed significantly more signs of inflammation (GI) than the H-group (p = 0.045). In the case of PSR®/PSI, there was no difference between the two groups (p = 0.7). With regard to AL, no difference was revealed between ACS- and H-group (p = 0.2). Conclusion Although, the state of oral health of the ACS-group differed only insignificantly from that of control, patients with ACS showed more signs of gingival inflammation and a higher loss of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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43
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Field CA, Gidley MD, Preshaw PM, Jakubovics N. Investigation and quantification of key periodontal pathogens in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:470-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Redanz S, Standar K, Podbielski A, Kreikemeyer B. A five-species transcriptome array for oral mixed-biofilm studies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27827. [PMID: 22194794 PMCID: PMC3237422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral polymicrobial interactions and biofilm formation are associated with initiation and progression of caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Transcriptome studies of such interactions, allowing a first mechanistic insight, are hampered by current single-species array designs. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we used 385 K NimbleGene™ technology for design and evaluation of an array covering the full genomes of 5 important physiological-, cariogenic-, and periodontitis-associated microorganisms (Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis). Array hybridization was done with cDNA from cultures grown for 24 h anaerobically. Single species experiments identified cross-species hybridizing array probes. These probes could be neglected in a mixed-species experimental setting without the need to exclude the whole genes from the analysis. Between 69% and almost 99% of the genomes were actively transcribed under the mono-species planktonic, monolayer, and biofilm conditions. The influence of Streptococcus mitis (not represented on the array) on S. mutans gene transcription was determined as a test for a dual-species mixed biofilm setup. Phenotypically, under the influence of S. mitis an increase in S. mutans biofilm mass and a decrease in media pH-value were noticed, thereby confirming previously published data. Employing a stringent cut-off (2-fold, p<0.05), 19 S. mutans transcripts were identified with increased abundance, and 11 with decreased abundance compared to a S. mutans mono-species biofilm. Several of these genes have previously been found differentially regulated under general and acid stress, thereby confirming the value of this array. Conclusions/Significance This new array allows transcriptome studies on multi-species oral biofilm interactions. It may become an important asset in future oral biofilm and inhibitor/therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvio Redanz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kerstin Standar
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Podbielski
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ziebolz D, Pabel SO, Lange K, Krohn-Grimberghe B, Hornecker E, Mausberg RF. Clinical Periodontal and Microbiologic Parameters in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Periodontol 2011; 82:1424-32. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Xie G, Chain PSG, Lo CC, Liu KL, Gans J, Merritt J, Qi F. Community and gene composition of a human dental plaque microbiota obtained by metagenomic sequencing. Mol Oral Microbiol 2011; 25:391-405. [PMID: 21040513 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2010.00587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human dental plaque is a complex microbial community containing an estimated 700 to 19,000 species/phylotypes. Despite numerous studies analysing species richness in healthy and diseased human subjects, the true genomic composition of the human dental plaque microbiota remains unknown. Here we report a metagenomic analysis of a healthy human plaque sample using a combination of second-generation sequencing platforms. A total of 860 million base pairs of non-human sequences were generated. Various analysis tools revealed the presence of 12 well-characterized phyla, members of the TM-7 and BRC1 clade, and sequences that could not be classified. Both pathogens and opportunistic pathogens were identified, supporting the ecological plaque hypothesis for oral diseases. Mapping the metagenomic reads to sequenced reference genomes demonstrated that 4% of the reads could be assigned to the sequenced species. Preliminary annotation identified genes belonging to all known functional categories. Interestingly, although 73% of the total assembled contig sequences were predicted to code for proteins, only 51% of them could be assigned a functional role. Furthermore, ~2.8% of the total predicted genes coded for proteins involved in resistance to antibiotics and toxic compounds, suggesting that the oral cavity is an important reservoir for antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xie
- Oralgen Database, Genome Science Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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47
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Ziebolz D, Stühmer C, Hornecker E, Zapf A, Mausberg RF, Chenot JF. Oral health in adult patients with congenital coagulation disorders - a case control study. Haemophilia 2011; 17:527-31. [PMID: 21371183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Ziebolz
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
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48
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Hayman L, Steffen MJ, Stevens J, Badger E, Tempro P, Fuller B, McGuire A, Al-Sabbagh M, Thomas MV, Ebersole JL. Smoking and periodontal disease: discrimination of antibody responses to pathogenic and commensal oral bacteria. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 164:118-26. [PMID: 21303363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is an independent risk factor for the initiation, extent and severity of periodontal disease. This study examined the ability of the host immune system to discriminate commensal oral bacteria from pathogens at mucosal surfaces, i.e. oral cavity. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody reactive with three pathogenic and five commensal oral bacteria in 301 current smokers (age range 21-66 years) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical features of periodontal health were used as measures of periodontitis. Antibody to the pathogens and salivary cotinine levels were related positively to disease severity; however, the antibody levels were best described by the clinical disease unrelated to the amount of smoking. The data showed a greater immune response to pathogens than commensals that was related specifically to disease extent, and most noted in black males. Significant correlations in individual patient responses to the pathogens and commensals were lost with an increasing extent of periodontitis and serum antibody to the pathogens. Antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis was particularly distinct with respect to the discriminatory nature of the immune responses in recognizing the pathogens. Antibody responses to selected pathogenic and commensal oral microorganisms differed among racial groups and genders. The antibody response to the pathogens was related to disease severity. The level of antibody to the pathogens, and in particular P. gingivalis, was correlated with disease severity in black and male subsets of patients. The amount of smoking did not appear to impact directly serum antibody levels to these oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hayman
- Center for Oral Health Research, and Department of Oral Health Practice, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Freire MO, Sedghizadeh PP, Schaudinn C, Gorur A, Downey JS, Choi JH, Chen W, Kook JK, Chen C, Goodman SD, Zadeh HH. Development of an animal model for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm-mediated oral osteolytic infection: a preliminary study. J Periodontol 2011; 82:778-89. [PMID: 21222546 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm-induced inflammatory osteolytic oral infections, such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis, have complex etiology and pathogenesis. A significant obstacle to research has been the lack of appropriate animal models where the inflammatory response to biofilms can be investigated. The aim of this study is to develop a novel animal model to study the host response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans)-biofilm colonizing titanium implants. METHODS Titanium implants were inoculated in vitro with A. actinomycetemcomitans, establishing a biofilm for 1 to 3 days. Biofilm-inoculated and control implants were transmucosally placed into rat hard palate or alveolar ridge. Analysis included documentation of clinical inflammation, polymerase chain reaction, and culture detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and microcomputed tomography quantitation of peri-implant bone volume. RESULTS Viable A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm was successfully established on titanium implants in vitro, detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. An inflammatory response characterized by clinical inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, hyperplasia, and necrosis was observed around biofilm-inoculated implants. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected by polymerase chain reaction and culture analysis on 100% of biofilm-inoculated implants for up to 3 weeks and 25% for up to 6 weeks. Microcomputed tomography analysis demonstrated significantly lower bone volume (P <0.05) around biofilm-inoculated implants (29.6% ± 7.6%) compared to non-inoculated implants (50.5% ± 9.6%) after 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS These results describe a novel animal model where A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm was established in vitro on titanium implants before placement in rat oral cavity, leading to an inflammatory response, osteolysis, and tissue destruction. This model may have potential use for investigation of host responses to biofilm pathogens and antibiofilm therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo O Freire
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Estrela CRDA, Pimenta FC, Alencar AHGD, Ruiz LFN, Estrela C. Detection of selected bacterial species in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:426-31. [PMID: 20835581 PMCID: PMC5349072 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000400018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of selected bacterial species
in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) using multiplex
polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methodology Samples were collected from the tongue dorsum, buccal mucosa, supragingival and
subgingival plaque and saliva of 30 patients with untreated CP. Multiplex PCR was
used to determine prevalence rates, which were then compared using a chi-square
test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Mean and standard deviation values
were used to evaluate variations in prevalence according to site. Results The prevalence of S. mutans was 70% in saliva; 60% in samples
collected from the tongue dorsum; 50% in samples collected from the buccal mucosa;
56.5% in the supragingival plaque; and 53.5% in the subgingival plaque. The
prevalence of E. faecalis ranged from 3.5% to 13.5% in all
intraoral microenvironment. The highest prevalence of P. gingivalis
was found in subgingival plaque (53.5%), and of P. intermedia
in supragingival plaque (33.5%), subgingival plaque (30%) and tongue
dorsum (33.5%). The prevalence of bacteria did not vary significantly among the
intraoral sites. Conclusions All studied bacteria were identified in intraoral sites. S. mutans, P.
gingivalis and P. intermedia had high prevalence
rates, but the prevalence of E. faecalis was low. Multiplex PCR
proved to be an adequate method for epidemiological studies.
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