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Lalremtluangi R, Dangore-Khasbage S. Non-Habit-Related Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e54594. [PMID: 38523993 PMCID: PMC10959472 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can have a profound impact on an individual's health and well-being. Its etiology is commonly known to be habit induced, such as tobacco consumption, smoking, or alcohol abuse. Apart from these etiologies, certain factors that lead to OSCC are also present but are less frequently encountered in hospitals and clinics. However, these non-habitual factors, with their pathogenesis, can lead to OSCC, which may be confusing to certain medical practitioners. This article discusses the various non-habitual causes that can lead to OSCC, as well as their pathophysiology, molecular expression, and related indicators and prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn Lalremtluangi
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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2
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Inoue H, Hirasaki M, Kogashiwa Y, Nakachi Y, Kuba K, Ebihara Y, Nakahira M, Yasuda M, Okuda A, Sugasawa M. Identification of novel oncogenes in oral cancer among elderly nonsmokers. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:711-720. [PMID: 37272305 PMCID: PMC10441604 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, an increase in oral cancer among elderly nonsmokers has been noted. The aim of this study was to identify novel oncogenes in oral cancer in older nonsmokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from 324 oral cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions/deletions (INDELs) were extracted from the WES data of older patients. Fisher's exact test was performed to determine the specificity of variants in these genes. Finally, SNVs and INDELs were identified by target enrichment sequencing. RESULTS Gene ontology analysis of 112 genes with significant SNVs or INDELs in nonsmokers revealed that nonsynonymous SNVs in HECTD4 were significantly more frequent in nonsmokers than in smokers by target enrichment sequencing (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Further investigation of the function of HECTD4 variants as oncogenes in older nonsmokers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Inoue
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, OtolaryngologySaitama Medical University International Medical CenterHidakaJapan
| | - Masataka Hirasaki
- Department of Clinical Cancer GenomicsSaitama Medical University International Medical CenterHidakaJapan
| | - Yasunao Kogashiwa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, OtolaryngologySaitama Medical University International Medical CenterHidakaJapan
| | - Yutaka Nakachi
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kiyomi Kuba
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, OtolaryngologySaitama Medical University International Medical CenterHidakaJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Ebihara
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, OtolaryngologySaitama Medical University International Medical CenterHidakaJapan
| | - Mitsuhiko Nakahira
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, OtolaryngologySaitama Medical University International Medical CenterHidakaJapan
| | - Masanori Yasuda
- Department of Diagnostic PathologySaitama Medical University International Medical CenterHidakaJapan
| | - Akihiko Okuda
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic MedicineSaitama Medical UniversityHidakaJapan
| | - Masashi Sugasawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, OtolaryngologySaitama Medical University International Medical CenterHidakaJapan
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Fiedler M, Off A, Eichberger J, Spoerl S, Schuderer JG, Taxis J, Bauer RJ, Schreml S, Reichert TE, Ettl T, Weber F. OSCC in Never-Smokers and Never-Drinkers Is Associated with Increased Expression of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Better Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2688. [PMID: 37345025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic differences of oral squamous cell carcinoma of never-smokers/never-drinkers and smokers/drinkers. Immunohistochemical staining for CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD1a, and p16 was performed in 131 oral squamous cell carcinomas from smokers/drinkers and never-smokers/never-drinkers. Associations of smoking/drinking status with clinicopathologic data, immunohistochemical antibody expression, and survival were examined. Oral squamous cell carcinoma in never-smokers/never-drinkers was associated with the female gender (p < 0.001). Never-smokers/never-drinkers were older at diagnosis than smokers/drinkers (p < 0.001). Never-smokers/never-drinkers had more tumors in the maxilla, mandible, and tongue (p < 0.001). Pre-existing oral potentially malignant disorders appeared to be more common in never-smokers/never-drinkers (p < 0.001). Perineural invasion was more common in smokers/drinkers (p = 0.039). Never-smoking/never-drinking was associated with better overall survival (p = 0.004) and disease-specific survival (p = 0.029). High CD4+ T cell infiltration was associated with never-smoking/never-drinking (p = 0.008). Never-smokers/never-drinkers also showed increased CD8+ T cell infiltration (p = 0.001) and increased FoxP3+ Treg infiltration (p = 0.023). Furthermore, the total group of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was associated with never smoking/never drinking (p = 0.005). To conclude oral squamous cell carcinoma of the never-smokers/never-drinkers appears to be a distinct type of tumor, as it appears to have unique clinical and pathologic features and a more immunogenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fiedler
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alisa Off
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Insitute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Eichberger
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Spoerl
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes G Schuderer
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Taxis
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard J Bauer
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical Biotechnology, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Insitute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Sharma N. Outdoor air pollution and oral cancer: critical viewpoints and future prospects. Future Oncol 2023; 19:409-411. [PMID: 36942734 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India
| | - Nilesh Sharma
- Cancer & Translational Research Laboratory, Dr DY Patil Institute of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India
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Graessle R, Stromberger C, Beck M, Heiland M, Hofmann VM, Olze H, Dommerich S, Gauger U, Piwonski I, Coordes A. Subgroup Analysis of Overall Survival among Smoking and Non-Smoking Elderly Patients with HNSCC. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061842. [PMID: 36980728 PMCID: PMC10046679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a leading cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, non-smokers are also affected by HNSCC, and the prognostic factors applicable to older non-smokers with HNSCC are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine predictors of overall survival (OS) in patients both with and without a smoking history aged 70 and over at initial diagnosis. Retrospective data of patients aged ≥70 (initial diagnoses 2004–2018) were examined. Evaluated predictors included tumour stage, biological age, health and therapy. A total of 688 patients (520 smokers, 168 non-smokers) were included with a median age of 74. The 5-year OS was 39.6%. Non-smokers had significantly improved OS compared to smokers (52.0% versus 36.0%, p < 0.001). Disease-free survival (DFS) differed significantly between both groups (hazard ratio = 1.3; 95%CI 1.04–1.626). TNM stage and the recommended therapies (curative versus palliative) were comparable. The proportion of p16-positive oropharyngeal carcinomas was significantly higher in non-smokers (76.7% versus 43.8%, p < 0.001). Smokers were significantly more likely to be men (p < 0.001), drinkers (p < 0.001), and have poorer health status (Karnofsky performance status, KPS, p = 0.023). They were also more likely to have additional tumours (p = 0.012) and lower treatment adherence (p = 0.038). Important predictors of OS identified in both groups, were, among others, alcohol abuse, KPS, Charlson comorbidity index, site of primary tumour, UICC stage and treatment received. Elderly non-smokers are also affected by HNSCC, however, both OS and DFS are increased compared to smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Graessle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Stromberger
- Department of Radiooncology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Beck
- Department of Radiooncology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Veit M. Hofmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidi Olze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Dommerich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gauger
- Private Statistical Consultant, 10437 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iris Piwonski
- Department of Pathology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Coordes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Ruppin Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-30-450-555-002
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Wolfer S, Schliephake H, Asendorf T, Spillner A, Kauffmann P. Semi-quantitative assessment of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and its association with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:32. [PMID: 36866179 PMCID: PMC9972359 DOI: 10.18332/tid/159378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Two known major risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma are smoking and alcohol consumption. Environmental tobacco smoke (also known as secondhand smoke) has been proven to be associated with the occurrence of lung and breast carcinoma. This study aimed to assess exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and its association with the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas. METHODS Using a standardized questionnaire, 165 cases and 167 controls were asked about their demographic data and risk behaviors, including environmental tobacco smoke exposure. An environmental tobacco smoke score (ETS-score) was developed to semi-quantitatively record the previous exposure to ETS. Statistical analyses were performed with χ2 test or Fishers exact test, and with ANOVA or Welch's t-test as appropriate. An analysis was done using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Cases had a significantly increased previous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke compared to the controls (ETS-score: 36.69 ± 26.34 vs 13.92 ± 12.44; p<0.0001). Comparing only the groups without additional active risk factors, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was associated with a more than threefold higher likelihood of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR=3.47; 95% CI: 1.31-10.55). Statistically significant differences in ETS-score were found for different tumor locations (p=0.0012) and different histopathological gradings (p=0.0399). A multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed exposure to environmental tobacco smoke as an independent risk factor for the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Environmental tobacco smoke is an important but yet underestimated risk factor for the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Further studies are needed to confirm the results, including the usefulness of the developed environmental tobacco smoke score for exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wolfer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Asendorf
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonie Spillner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kauffmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Relationship between Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Oral Cancer: A Cohort Study Based on the Health Insurance Database in South Korea. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195848. [PMID: 36233715 PMCID: PMC9572981 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between the development of oral cavity cancer and sex hormones is unclear and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and oral cavity cancer in menopausal women in Korea. In this retrospective cohort study, data were provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service regarding a screening examination conducted from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2019. Postmenopausal patients aged ≥40 years were considered, including 333,072 women in the MHT group and 847,558 women in the non-MHT group. Participants were divided into MHT types (tibolone, combined estrogen plus progestin by manufacturer, estrogen, combined estrogen plus progestin by physician, and topical estrogen), and the risk factors for oral cavity cancer development were analyzed. There was no significant association between smoking, alcohol consumption, age at menarche, and age at menopause with oral cavity cancer in postmenopausal women. However, the oral estrogen (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.633; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–1.976) and tibolone groups (HR: 1.633; 95% CI: 1.35–1.976) were associated with an elevated risk of oral cavity cancer. The results of this study suggest that MHT increases the risk of oral cavity cancer in postmenopausal women.
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Bonetti Valente V, Mantovan Mazzon B, Urbano Collado F, Conrado Neto S, Lúcia Marçal Mazza Sundefeld M, Ricardo Biasoli É, Issamu Miyahara G, Galera Bernabé D. Clinicopathological and prognostic profile of non-smoking and non-drinking head and neck cancer patients: a population-based comparative study. Oral Oncol 2022; 127:105799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Uddin S, Singh A, Mishra V, Agrawal N, Gooi Z, Izumchenko E. Molecular drivers of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in non-smoking and non-drinking patients: what do we know so far? Oncol Rev 2022; 16:549. [PMID: 35340886 PMCID: PMC8941340 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2022.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers worldwide. It is well known that risk factors for OCSCC include tobacco and excess alcohol consumption. However, in recent years, OCSCC incidence has been increasing in patients without these traditional risk factors. The cause of this increase is unclear and various genetic, environmental, and infectious factors have been hypothesized to play a role. Additionally, there are expert opinions that oral cancer in non-smoking, non-drinking (NSND) patients have a distinct phenotype resulting in more aggressive disease presentation and poorer prognosis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge for oral cavity cancer in patients without traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alka Singh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Vasudha Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, USA
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Starska-Kowarska K. Dietary Carotenoids in Head and Neck Cancer-Molecular and Clinical Implications. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030531. [PMID: 35276890 PMCID: PMC8838110 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common cancers in the world according to GLOBCAN. In 2018, it was reported that HNC accounts for approximately 3% of all human cancers (51,540 new cases) and is the cause of nearly 1.5% of all cancer deaths (10,030 deaths). Despite great advances in treatment, HNC is indicated as a leading cause of death worldwide. In addition to having a positive impact on general health, a diet rich in carotenoids can regulate stages in the course of carcinogenesis; indeed, strong epidemiological associations exist between dietary carotenoids and HNS, and it is presumed that diets with carotenoids can even reduce cancer risk. They have also been proposed as potential chemotherapeutic agents and substances used in chemoprevention of HNC. The present review discusses the links between dietary carotenoids and HNC. It examines the prospective anticancer effect of dietary carotenoids against intracellular cell signalling and mechanisms, oxidative stress regulation, as well as their impact on apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoprevention; it also provides an overview of the limited preclinical and clinical research published in this arena. Recent epidemiological, key opinion-forming systematic reviews, cross-sectional, longitudinal, prospective, and interventional studies based on in vitro and animal models of HNC also indicate that high carotenoid content obtained from daily supplementation has positive effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of HNC. This article presents these results according to their increasing clinical credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Starska-Kowarska
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; ; Tel.: +48-604-541-412
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EnelMed Center Expert, Lodz, Drewnowska 58, 91-001 Lodz, Poland
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Wolfer S, Kunzler A, Foos T, Ernst C, Leha A, Schultze-Mosgau S. Gender and risk-taking behaviors influence the clinical presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:141-151. [PMID: 34989151 PMCID: PMC8874093 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The common risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are smoking and alcohol abuse. A small percentage of patients, mostly women, are demonstrating oral cancer without the common risk behavior. This study investigates how gender and different patterns of lifestyle factors influence the clinical presentation of OSCC. Patients and Methods From this retrospective study, demographical and tumor‐specific data and lifestyle factors were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical analysis and the t test, ANOVA test, or Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables. The influence of the respective lifestyle factors together with their interactions with the gender on tumor characteristics has been tested using logistic and ordinal cumulative link regression models. Results Among a total of 308 patients, men represented the majority of smokers (87.2%) and the female cohort were largely non‐smokers and non‐drinkers (64.9%). For age, tumor site and N‐stage it looks like that differences of men and women are driven by the different risk behavior. But if the lifestyle factors are taken into account, we observe contrary effects between men and women for T‐, N‐, and UICC‐stage. For different cancer locations we saw opposite effects with gender and risk profile. These effects are not dose‐dependent explainable for gender. Conclusion Some but not all differences in the development of OSCC for men and women are explainable by the respective difference in lifestyle behavior. Some further investigations are necessary to find explanations for the obvious differences between men and women in developing OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wolfer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Plastic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Kunzler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Plastic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tatjana Foos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Plastic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Ernst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Plastic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schultze-Mosgau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Plastic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Adeoye J, Tan JY, Ip CM, Choi SW, Thomson P. "Fact or fiction?": Oral cavity cancer in nonsmoking, nonalcohol drinking patients as a distinct entity-Scoping review. Head Neck 2021; 43:3662-3680. [PMID: 34313348 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is often described as a lifestyle-related malignancy due to its strong associations with habitual factors, including tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing. However, patients with no genetically predisposing conditions who do not indulge in these risk habits are still being encountered, albeit less commonly. The aim of this review is to summarize contemporaneous reports on these nonsmoking, nonalcohol drinking (NSND) patients. We performed database searching to identify relevant studies from January 1, 2000 to March 31, 2021. Twenty-six articles from 20 studies were included in this study. We found that these individuals were mostly females in their eighth decade with tumors involving the tongue and gingivobuccal mucosa. This review also observed that these patients were likely diagnosed with early stage tumors with overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and increased intensity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Treatment response and disease-specific prognosis were largely comparable between NSND and smoking/drinking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Yan Tan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk Man Ip
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yang Z, Du W, Zhang X, Chen D, Fang Q, He Y, Yang Y, Li D, Fan J. Nonsmoking and Nondrinking Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Different Entity. Front Oncol 2021; 11:558320. [PMID: 34262853 PMCID: PMC8273760 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.558320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our goal was to analyze the demographic and pathologic characteristics as well as prognosis in nonsmoking and nondrinking (NSND) oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients compared with typical oral SCC patients. Patients and Methods A total of 353 patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups: the NSND group and the current smoking/current drinking (CSCD) group. Demographic, pathologic, and molecular data were compared between the two groups. The main research endpoints were locoregional control (LRC) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results In the NSND group, 16.3%, 41.9%, and 53.5% of patients were aged no more than 40 years, were female, and had an educational background of high school or above compared to 3.7%, 6.0%, and 38.2% of patients in the CSCD group, respectively. A total of 15.1% of the NSND patients had SCC of the lower gingiva and floor of the mouth, which was lower than the 35.6% of patients in the CSCD group. CSCD patients were likely to have an advanced disease stage (48.7% vs 32.5%, p=0.042) and poorly differentiated cancer (26.6% vs 16.3%, p=0.042). The NSND patients had a mean Ki-67 index of 24.5%, which was lower than the mean of 35.7% in the CSCD patients. The two groups had no HPV infection and similar p16 expression (4.7% vs 10.1%, p=0.132), but there was higher expression of p53 (38.6% vs 17.4%, p<0.001) and p63 (59.9% vs 29.1%, p<0.001) in the CSCD group. The 5-year LRC rates for NSND patients and CSCD patients were 48% and 38%, respectively, and the difference was significant (p=0.048). The 5-year DSS rates for NSND patients and CSCD patients were 56% and 39%, respectively, and the difference was significant (p=0.047). Further, a Cox model confirmed the independence of smoking and drinking status for affecting LRC and DSS. Conclusion NSND oral SCC patients are a different entity. HPV infection has a limited role in carcinogenesis in NSND patients, and p16 expression is associated with worse locoregional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Defeng Chen
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qigen Fang
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuezhong He
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Adeoye J, Hui L, Tan JY, Koohi-Moghadam M, Choi SW, Thomson P. Prognostic value of non-smoking, non-alcohol drinking status in oral cavity cancer. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6909-6918. [PMID: 33991259 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the treatment response and prognosis of oral cavity cancer between non-smoking and non-alcohol-drinking (NSND) patients and smoking and alcohol-drinking (SD) patients. METHODS A total of 313 consecutively treated patients from 2000 to 2019 were included. Demographic, clinicopathologic, treatment, and prognosis information were obtained. Relapse-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between NSND and SD groups using Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Sample prevalence of NSND patients was 54.6%. These patients were predominantly females in their eighth decade with lower prevalence of floor of the mouth cancers compared to SD patients (1.8% vs 14.8%). No difference in the RFS and DSS between both groups was found following multivariable analysis; however, NSND patients had better OS (HR (95% CI) - 0.47 (0.29-0.75); p = 0.002). Extracapsular extension was associated with significantly poorer OS, DSS, and RFS in this oral cavity cancer cohort. CONCLUSION Treatment response and disease-specific prognosis are comparable between NSND and SD patients with oral cavity cancer. However, NSND patients have better OS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study shows that oral cavity cancer in NSND is not less or more aggressive compared to SD patients. Although better survival is expected for NSND than SD patients, this is likely due to the reduced incidence of other chronic diseases in the NSND group.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Liuling Hui
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Yan Tan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mohamad Koohi-Moghadam
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Koo K, Mouradov D, Angel CM, Iseli TA, Wiesenfeld D, McCullough MJ, Burgess AW, Sieber OM. Genomic Signature of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas from Non-Smoking Non-Drinking Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051029. [PMID: 33804510 PMCID: PMC7957667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A clinically distinct cohort of non-smoking non-drinking patients who develop oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas has been identified, with previous work suggesting that these patients tend to be older, female, and have poor outcomes. Our study characterised tumour molecular alterations in these patients, identifying differences in genomic profiles as compared to patients who smoke and/or drink. Associations between molecular alterations and other clinical and pathological characteristics were also explored. Abstract Molecular alterations in 176 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were evaluated to delineate differences in non-smoking non-drinking (NSND) patients. Somatic mutations and DNA copy number variations (CNVs) in a 68-gene panel and human papilloma virus (HPV) status were interrogated using targeted next-generation sequencing. In the entire cohort, TP53 (60%) and CDKN2A (24%) were most frequently mutated, and the most common CNVs were EGFR amplifications (9%) and deletions of BRCA2 (5%) and CDKN2A (4%). Significant associations were found for TP53 mutation and nodal disease, lymphovascular invasion and extracapsular spread, CDKN2A mutation or deletion with advanced tumour stage, and EGFR amplification with perineural invasion and extracapsular spread. PIK3CA mutation, CDKN2A deletion, and EGFR amplification were associated with worse survival in univariate analyses (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). There were 59 NSND patients who tended to be female and older than patients who smoke and/or drink, and showed enrichment of CDKN2A mutations, EGFR amplifications, and BRCA2 deletions (p < 0.05 for all comparisons), with a younger subset showing higher mutation burden. HPV was detected in three OSCC patients and not associated with smoking and drinking habits. NSND OSCC exhibits distinct genomic profiles and further exploration to elucidate the molecular aetiology in these patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrick Koo
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.K.); (D.M.); (A.W.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.A.I.); (D.W.)
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.K.); (D.M.); (A.W.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Tim A. Iseli
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.A.I.); (D.W.)
| | - David Wiesenfeld
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.A.I.); (D.W.)
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;
| | | | - Antony W. Burgess
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.K.); (D.M.); (A.W.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.A.I.); (D.W.)
| | - Oliver M. Sieber
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.K.); (D.M.); (A.W.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.A.I.); (D.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Mulder FJ, Klufah F, Janssen FME, Farshadpour F, Willems SM, de Bree R, zur Hausen A, van den Hout MFCM, Kremer B, Speel EJM. Presence of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr Virus, but Absence of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus, in Head and Neck Cancer of Non-Smokers and Non-Drinkers. Front Oncol 2021; 10:560434. [PMID: 33552950 PMCID: PMC7855709 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.560434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the presence and prognostic value of human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and cell cycle proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of non-smokers and non-drinkers (NSND). METHODS Clinical characteristics and tumors of 119 NSND with HNSCC were retrospectively collected and analyzed on tissue microarrays. RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) was used to screen for the presence of HPV and MCPyV mRNA. Immunohistochemistry was performed for expression of p16 as surrogate marker for HPV, Large T-antigen for MCPyV, and cell cycle proteins p53 and pRb. Positive virus results were confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. For EBV, EBV encoded RNA ISH was performed. Differences in 5-year survival between virus positive and negative tumors were determined by log rank analysis. RESULTS All oropharyngeal tumors (OPSCC) (n = 10) were HPV-positive, in addition to one oral (OSCC) and one nasopharyngeal tumor (NPSCC). The other three NPSCC were EBV-positive. MCPyV was not detected. Patients with HPV or EBV positive tumors did not have a significantly better 5-year disease free or overall survival. Over 70% of virus negative OSCC showed mutant-type p53 expression. CONCLUSION In this cohort, all OPSCC and NPSCC showed HPV or EBV presence. Besides one OSCC, all other oral (n = 94), hypopharyngeal (n = 1), and laryngeal (n = 9) tumors were HPV, EBV, and MCPyV negative. This argues against a central role of these viruses in the ethiopathogenesis of tumors outside the oro- and nasopharynx in NSND. So, for the majority of NSND with virus negative OSCC, more research is needed to understand the carcinogenic mechanisms in order to consider targeted therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J. Mulder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Faisal Klufah
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Famke M. E. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Axel zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mari F. C. M. van den Hout
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ernst-Jan M. Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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17
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Mulder FJ, Pierssens DDCG, Baijens LWJ, Kremer B, Speel EJM. Evidence for different molecular parameters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of nonsmokers and nondrinkers: Systematic review and meta-analysis on HPV, p16, and TP53. Head Neck 2020; 43:303-322. [PMID: 33098216 PMCID: PMC7756438 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this review was to present an overview of the currently identified molecular parameters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of nonsmokers and nondrinkers (NSND). METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Of the 902 analyzed unique studies, 74 were included in a quantitative synthesis and 24 in a meta-analysis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was reported as a molecular parameter in 38 studies, followed by p16 and TP53 (23 and 14 studies, respectively). The variety of other molecular parameters concerned sporadic findings in small numbers of NSND. CONCLUSIONS HNSCC in NSND is more often related to HPV and p16 overexpression compared to tumors of smokers-drinkers. In a third of virus-negative tumors, TP53 mutations were detected with a mutational profile associated with aging and ultraviolet light exposure rather than to tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J Mulder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Damiana D C G Pierssens
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Laura W J Baijens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ernst-Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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18
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Liu TPJ, Fisher BM, Chua B, Clark JR, Low THH, Batstone MD. Survival outcomes following modern multidisciplinary management of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Australia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 131:92-98. [PMID: 33187950 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been traditionally described as a highly lethal disease. This study aims to provide updated multi-institutional data on the survival of patients with oral SCC in Australia. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective survival analysis was performed between 2008 and 2016. All new patients with oral SCC treated with curative intent were recruited from 2 high-volume Australian head and neck oncology centers. Outcomes were measured in overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival, and salvage rates for recurrences. RESULTS Survival analysis included 771 patients with oral SCC. Five-year OS and DSS were 66.1% and 79.7%, respectively. Stage I and II oral SCC had significantly better survival than higher stages. Five-year OS and DSS for patients with stage I SCC were 79.7% and 93.4%, respectively, and for patients with stage IVB they were 37.9% and 54.3%, respectively. Two hundred forty-nine patients had disease recurrence (32.3%), with 66 patients (26.5% remaining disease free post salvage treatment. CONCLUSION Survival outcomes for oral SCC among Australian patients have improved, possibly due to advances in multidisciplinary care. Early detection of oral SCC leads to highly favorable prognosis; there is therefore an opportunity for routine oral cancer screening to be performed by community health practitioners with the aim of improving survival from oral SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P J Liu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Bradley M Fisher
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin Chua
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Clark
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse; Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District
| | - Tsu-Hui Hubert Low
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse; Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District
| | - Martin D Batstone
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Shaikh I, Ansari A, Ayachit G, Gandhi M, Sharma P, Bhairappanavar S, Joshi CG, Das J. Differential gene expression analysis of HNSCC tumors deciphered tobacco dependent and independent molecular signatures. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6168-6183. [PMID: 31692905 PMCID: PMC6817442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with tobacco as the leading cause. However, it is increasing in non-tobacco users also, hence limiting our understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms. RNA-seq analysis of cancers has proven as effective tool in understanding disease etiology. In the present study, RNA-Seq of 86 matched Tumor/Normal pairs, of tobacco smoking (TOB) and non-smokers (N-TOB) HNSCC samples analyzed, followed by validation on 375 similar datasets. Total 2194 and 2073 differentially expressed genes were identified in TOB and N-TOB tumors, respectively. GO analysis found muscle contraction as the most enriched biological process in both TOB and N-TOB tumors. Pathway analysis identified muscle contraction and salivary secretion pathways enriched in both categories, whereas calcium signaling and neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway was more enriched in TOB and N-TOB tumors respectively. Network analysis identified muscle development related genes as hub node i. e. ACTN2, MYL2 and TTN in both TOB and N-TOB tumors, whereas EGFR and MYH6, depicts specific role in TOB and N-TOB tumors. Additionally, we found enriched gene networks possibly be regulated by tumor suppressor miRNAs such as hsa-miR-29/a/b/c, hsa-miR-26b-5p etc., suggestive to be key riboswitches in regulatory cascade of HNSCC. Interestingly, three genes PKLR, CST1 and C17orf77 found to show opposite regulation in each category, hence suggested to be key genes in separating TOB from N-TOB tumors. Our investigation identified key genes involved in important pathways implicated in tobacco dependent and independent carcinogenesis hence may help in designing precise HNSCC diagnostics and therapeutics strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayatullah Shaikh
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Afzal Ansari
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Garima Ayachit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Monika Gandhi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Shivarudrappa Bhairappanavar
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Chaitanya G. Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Jayashankar Das
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
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20
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DeAngelis A, Breik O, Koo K, Iseli T, Nastri A, Fua T, Rischin D, McCullough M, Wiesenfeld D. Non-smoking, non-drinking elderly females, a 5 year follow-up of a clinically distinct cohort of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Oncol 2018; 86:113-120. [PMID: 30409291 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To examine differences in survival and clinical outcomes of elderly patients without traditional risk factors presenting with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Retrospective review of 287 consecutive patients divided into 2 treatment period cohorts treated for oral SCC between the 1st Jan 2007 and 31st Dec 2012. Patients were classified as either smoker-drinkers (SD) or non-smoking, non-drinking (NSND). Only patients with oral sub-site primaries according to ICD-10 were included. Carcinomas of the lip, tonsil, base of tongue and oro-pharyngeal subsites were excluded. Of the study population (N = 287), 24.4% were NSND and 9.75% were NSND elderly (older than 70 years) females. >50% of tumours arose from the oral tongue in NSND patients (p = 0.022) and there was a higher rate of recurrent and persistent disease (42.9% vs 27.6%, p = 0.005). Disease specific survival at 5 years was significantly reduced when NSND elderly females were compared to all other patients (p < 0.001) as well as age matched controls (p = 0.006). This effect was verified independently in each cohort.The results of this study suggest that NSND elderly females are a distinct patient population with poorer disease specific survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian DeAngelis
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia.
| | - Omar Breik
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Kendrick Koo
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Tim Iseli
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Alf Nastri
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tsien Fua
- Dept of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia.
| | - Danny Rischin
- Dept of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Dept of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia.
| | - David Wiesenfeld
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Australia; Dept of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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21
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Voltzke KJ, Lee YCA, Zhang ZF, Zevallos JP, Yu GP, Winn DM, Vaughan TL, Sturgis EM, Smith E, Schwartz SM, Schantz S, Muscat J, Morgenstern H, McClean M, Li G, Lazarus P, Kelsey K, Gillison M, Chen C, Boffetta P, Hashibe M, Olshan AF. Racial differences in the relationship between tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis of US studies in the INHANCE Consortium. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:619-630. [PMID: 29761303 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There have been few published studies on differences between Blacks and Whites in the estimated effects of alcohol and tobacco use on the incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the United States. Previous studies have been limited by small numbers of Blacks. Using pooled data from 13 US case-control studies of oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium, this study comprised a large number of Black HNC cases (n = 975). Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for several tobacco and alcohol consumption characteristics. Blacks were found to have consistently stronger associations than Whites for the majority of tobacco consumption variables. For example, compared to never smokers, Blacks who smoked cigarettes for > 30 years had an OR 4.53 (95% CI 3.22-6.39), which was larger than that observed in Whites (OR 3.01, 95% CI 2.73-3.33; pinteraction < 0.0001). The ORs for alcohol use were also larger among Blacks compared to Whites. Exclusion of oropharyngeal cases attenuated the racial differences in tobacco use associations but not alcohol use associations. These findings suggest modest racial differences exist in the association of HNC risk with tobacco and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Voltzke
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Jose P Zevallos
- Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology in the Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Elaine Smith
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Guojun Li
- UT-M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Chu Chen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S. Decoding oral cancer conundrums from 'bad luck' point of view. Future Oncol 2018; 14:409-411. [PMID: 29318903 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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A novel environmental exposure index and its interaction with familial susceptibility on oral cancer in non-smokers and non-drinkers: a case-control study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 274:1945-1950. [PMID: 27990604 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the collective effect of environmental factors and its interaction with familial susceptibility on oral cancer among non-smokers and non-drinkers (NSND). A hospital-based case-control study, including 319 oral cancer patients and 994 frequency-matched controls, was conducted in Fujian, China. We raised a weighed environmental exposure index according to nine significant environmental factors obtained from multivariable logistic regression model. And then, the index was classified into three categories according to the tertiles of controls (<1.34, 1.34-2.43, and >2.43). Multiplicative and additive interactions were evaluated between environmental exposure index and family cancer history. Our results showed that environmental exposure index was associated with an increased risk of oral cancer especially for those with family cancer history. Compared to subjects with low environmental exposure index and without family cancer history, those with high index and family cancer history showed the highest magnitude of OR in oral cancer risk (OR 10.40, 95% CI 5.46-19.80). Moreover, there was a multiplicative interaction between environmental exposure index and family cancer history for the risk of oral cancer (P < 0.001). This study puts forward a novel environmental exposure index, which enables a comprehensive evaluation on the overall effect of environmental risk factors on oral cancer among NSND and may interact with family cancer history. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Gao W, Li JZH, Chen SQ, Chu CY, Chan JYW, Wong TS. Decreased brain-expressed X-linked 4 (BEX4) expression promotes growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:92. [PMID: 27297407 PMCID: PMC4906687 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-expressed X-linked (BEX) 4 is a member of BEX family. The functional role of BEX4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. Methods Expression level of BEX family members (BEX1-5) in OSCC tissues and the paired normal epithelial were examined. Functions of epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications) on BEX4 suppression in OSCC were examined by zebularine and trichostatin A (TSA) treatment on OSCC cell lines. Lentivector containing full-length BEX4 was used to generate OSCC cell lines with stable BEX4 expression. Effects of BEX4 expression on OSCC proliferation were monitored with xCELLigence RTCA real-time cell analyzer. BEX4-overexpressing CAL27 was implanted into nude mice to evaluate the effects on tumor growth in vivo. The signaling pathways regulated by BEX4 in OSCC was explored using human whole-transcript expression microarray. Results Among the 5 BEX family members, BEX1 and BEX4 showed significant down-regulation in OSCC (P < 0.001). BEX3, in comparison, was overexpressed in the primary tumor. BEX4 expression in OSCC cell lines was re-activated after zebularine and TSA treatment. High BEX4 expression could suppress proliferation of OSCC in vitro. Subcutaneous tumor volume of BEX4-overexpressing CAL27 was remarkably reduced in nude mice. Microarray experiment showed that S100A family members (S100A7, S100A7A, S100A8, S100A9 & S100A12) might be the downstream targets of BEX4 in OSCC. Conclusions BEX4 functions as tumor suppressor by inhibiting proliferation and growth of oral cancer. Decreased BEX4 contributes to the increased proliferative propensity of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Zeng-Hong Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chiao-Yun Chu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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25
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Fan Y, Zheng L, Mao MH, Huang MW, Liu SM, Zhang J, Li SL, Zheng L, Zhang JG. Survival analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a subgroup of young patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8887-91. [PMID: 25374224 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is predominantly a disease of middle-aged men with long-term exposure to tobacco and alcohol. An increasing trend has been reported at a younger age worldwide. Clinical records of 100 patients under the age of 45 years treated specifically for oral cavity SCC in our hospital during a 10-year period were retrospectively analyzed to calculate the survival rates. An obvious male predominance coincided with smoking trend among Chinese young individuals and female patients were more likely to have no traditional risk factors such as smoking or drinking. The 5-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were 61.0% and 75.5%, respectively, consistent with other published series over the decade showing a relatively better survival among the young. No significant differences clearly correlated with outcome when comparing non-smokers non-drinkers to ever-smokers and ever drinkers (P>0.05). Overall survival rate and disease free survival rate was found to be significantly higher in patients with early-stage disease than with advanced stage disease (P=0.001, P=0.009 respectively). The strong influence of clinical stage on prognosis emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of oral malignancies for this unique clinical subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China E-mail :
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Gomes SV, Conceição TS, Neves PAM, Lopes FF, Cruz MCFND. Knowledge on oral cancer among dentistry students at Federal University of Maranhão. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease of high incidence worldwide and considered a public health problem, in which prevention and early diagnosis are the best ways to reverse this situation. PURPOSE: To evaluate the level of knowledge on oral cancer in a population of dentistry students. METHOD: A questionnaire on oral cancer was applied to 150 students from six classes, divided into three groups according to their semesters. The variables studied were statistically analyzed by applying the chi-square test with confidence interval of 95% and significance level of 5%. RESULT: Eighty-eight students (60.61%) considered their level of knowledge on oral cancer good and regular, while 37.93% rated their knowledge as insufficient. Squamous cell carcinoma was listed as the most common cancer by only 38.25% of students, with the highest percentage of correct answers being observed for groups 2 (55.56%) and 3 (67.39%). The level of knowledge on the risk factors increased over the semesters; however, 77.85% considered their level of confidence to perform diagnostic procedures low. CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge on oral cancer was considered good or regular among dentistry students, and although they showed good level of knowledge on the risk factors and to specific issues of the disease, there is a clear need to implement continued educational measures throughout the course to consolidate learning on this disease.
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Sebastian P, Babu JM, Prathibha R, Hariharan R, Pillai MR. Anterior tongue cancer with no history of tobacco and alcohol use may be a distinct molecular and clinical entity. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:593-9. [PMID: 24809775 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A small, albeit significant, number of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients has no history of tobacco and alcohol use. Such non-habits associated HNSCCs may represent a distinct clinical entity and exhibit increased aggressiveness. The objective of the study was to understand differences in molecular etiology of habits, and non-habits associated tongue carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-throughput gene expression profiling of 22 tumor samples was carried out. This was followed by quantitative real-time PCR validation of four of the identified differentially expressed genes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Eighteen genes were identified that correlate strongly with the habits- and non-habits distinction. Among the genes significantly overexpressed in the non-habits group are CCND1, a key cell-cycle regulator, DACT3, a modulator of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, and three genes associated with the Notch signaling pathway. CCND1 and DACT3 overexpression in non-habits associated tongue carcinomas were subsequently validated by quantitative real-time PCR in an independent cohort (n = 18) of patient samples. Gene expression data were integrated with publicly available protein interaction data to build a small protein interaction network containing five of 18 differentially expressed genes. This suggested that a functional 'network module' can be implicated in the subgroup distinction. All the tumors analyzed here were human papillomavirus (HPV) negative samples. An association between CCND1 overexpression in oral tumors and poor prognosis has previously been reported. Thus, CCND1 overexpression in non-habits associated anterior tongue carcinomas may contribute to their increased clinical aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sebastian
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Genomic DNA copy number alterations from precursor oral lesions to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:404-12. [PMID: 24613650 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease in which both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the aetiopathogenesis. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a higher incidence among Melanesian and South Asian countries. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to determine common genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) and their frequency by including 12 studies that have been conducted on OSCCs using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). In addition, we reviewed the literature dealing with CNAs that drive oral precursor lesions to the invasive tumors. Results showed a sequential accumulation of genetic changes from oral precursor lesions to invasive tumors. With the disease progression, accumulation of genetic changes increases in terms of frequency, type and size of the abnormalities, even on different regions of the same chromosome. Gains in 3q (36.5%), 5p (23%), 7p (21%), 8q (47%), 11q (45%), 20q (31%) and losses in 3p (37%), 8p (18%), 9p (10%) and 18q (11%) were the most common observations among those studies. However, losses are less frequent than gains but it appears that they might be the primary clonal events in causing oral cancer.
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Jessri M, Farah CS. Next generation sequencing and its application in deciphering head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:247-53. [PMID: 24440145 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are a group of heterogeneous tumours mainly attributable to tobacco use, alcohol consumption and infection with human papillomavirus. Based on the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis, patients are managed by surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination of these. Early diagnosis usually improves patient prognosis. Since their first commercial application in 2005, next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms are rapidly changing the face of basic science laboratories; however prior to progressing to clinical applications, clinicians should carefully examine currently available data and guidelines for technical and ethical matters concerning NGS. In this review, we compare various commercially available NGS platforms, with special consideration given to their clinical application in the management of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jessri
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.
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Durr ML, Li D, Wang SJ. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in never smokers: analysis of clinicopathologic characteristics and survival. Am J Otolaryngol 2013; 34:388-93. [PMID: 23540889 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between tobacco smoking history and the clinicopathologic and survival characteristics of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective review of 531 patients treated for OCSCC from January 1998 to December 2009 at a tertiary care medical center. RESULTS Thirty-two percent of OCSCC patients were never smokers. There were significant differences in tumor location between ever smokers and never smokers (p<0.001), with never smokers more likely to have oral tongue tumors. Smokers were significantly (p<0.001) more likely than never smokers to present with locally advanced (T3 or T4) disease (57.8% vs. 35.4%). Never smokers demonstrated improved overall survival (78.8 months in never smokers vs. 44.7 months in ever smokers, p=.03). However, there were no survival differences when the two groups were compared separately for locally early (T1/T2) or advanced (T3/T4) disease. For T1/T2 tumors, mean survival was 88.2 months for never smokers and 78.5 months for smokers (p=.10). For T3/T4 tumors, median survival was 29.1 months for never smokers and 23.8 months for smokers (p=.09). CONCLUSIONS Primary tumor location and T-status in OCSCC differed between never smokers and smokers. Compared to smokers, never smokers had fewer locally advanced tumors and better overall survival.
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Moyses RA, López RVM, Cury PM, Siqueira SAC, Curioni OA, Gois Filho JFD, Figueiredo DLA, Tajara EH, Michaluart P. Significant differences in demographic, clinical, and pathological features in relation to smoking and alcohol consumption among 1,633 head and neck cancer patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:738-44. [PMID: 23778492 PMCID: PMC3674275 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(06)03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a lifestyle-related disease, social and cultural disparities may influence the features of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in different geographic regions. We describe demographic, clinical, and pathological aspects of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck according to the smoking and alcohol consumption habits of patients in a Brazilian cohort. METHODS We prospectively analyzed the smoking and alcohol consumption habits of 1,633 patients enrolled in five São Paulo hospitals that participated in the Brazilian Head and Neck Genome Project - Gencapo. RESULTS The patients who smoked and drank were younger, and those who smoked were leaner than the other patients, regardless of alcohol consumption. The non-smokers/non-drinkers were typically elderly white females who had more differentiated oral cavity cancers and fewer first-degree relatives who smoked. The patients who drank presented significantly more frequent nodal metastasis, and those who smoked presented less-differentiated tumors. CONCLUSIONS The patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck demonstrated demographic, clinical, and pathological features that were markedly different according to their smoking and drinking habits. A subset of elderly females who had oral cavity cancer and had never smoked or consumed alcohol was notable. Alcohol consumption seemed to be related to nodal metastasis, whereas smoking correlated with the degree of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ajub Moyses
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço (LIM28), São Paulo/SP, Brasil.
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Non-smoking non-drinking elderly females: a clinically distinct subgroup of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 42:929-33. [PMID: 23702369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in non-smoking non-drinking (NSND) patients presenting with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). There are, however, few published reports of OSCC in the elderly. We describe a subgroup of elderly NSND patients presenting with OSCC. Patients with SCC of the oral cavity were retrospectively assessed from the Head and Neck Oncology Tumour Stream database of the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Epidemiological and clinical data for 169 consecutive patients were reviewed and analysed. NSND patients were more likely to be females with a higher median age at presentation. They were more likely to have maxillary alveolus tumours and oral tongue tumours, with retromolar or mandibular tumours less likely. Second primary tumours for this subgroup were confined to the oral cavity. NSND elderly females experienced a worse disease-specific mortality. We have identified a distinct subgroup of elderly female patients presenting with OSCC not associated with the traditional risk factors of tobacco and alcohol, who have a worse prognosis. Altered management algorithms may prove beneficial for these patients, and further investigation and genetic analysis are required to delineate the aetiology of these carcinomas.
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Durr ML, van Zante A, Li D, Kezirian EJ, Wang SJ. Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Never-Smokers. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 149:89-96. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599813482876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives (1) To compare clinical characteristics, survival, and recurrence between never-smokers and ever-smokers with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). (2) To assess the relationship between clinicopathologic characteristics and survival/recurrence in OTSCC. Study Design Historical cohort study. Setting Academic university medical center. Subjects and Methods This is a study of 120 patients with OTSCC who were treated from January 1999 to February 2010. Clinicopathologic factors were compared between never-smokers and ever-smokers using t tests and χ2 tests. Cox regression analyses examined their association with survival and recurrence. Results Of 120 subjects, 66 (55%) were prior or current smokers. There were no significant differences in clinicopathologic factors between ever-smokers and never-smokers. After adjustment for clinicopathologic factors, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated decreased overall survival for never-smokers, but this difference was not significant (hazard ratio [HR], 2.84; P = .056). Increased depth of tumor invasion (HR per millimter invasion, 1.09; P = .005), nodal metastasis (HR, 7.1; P = .025), and stage III or IV disease (HR, 9.45 and 7.31; P = .026 and .029, respectively) were associated with decreased overall survival. Perineural invasion (HR, 8.56; P = .005) and lymphovascular invasion (HR, 6.01; P = .011) were associated with disease recurrence. Conclusion Overall survival may be decreased in never-smokers with OTSCC. Greater depth of tumor invasion and more advanced stage disease are associated with decreased survival. Perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion are associated with disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Durr
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Annemieke van Zante
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Li
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric J. Kezirian
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven J. Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma From Users and Nonusers of Tobacco and Alcohol. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2013; 21:148-53. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3182558b65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Perisanidis C, Savarese-Brenner B, Würger T, Wrba F, Huynh A, Schopper C, Kornek G, Selzer E, Ewers R, Psyrri A, Krainer M, Filipits M. HCRP1 expression status is a significant prognostic marker in oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Dis 2012; 19:206-11. [PMID: 22891969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hepatocellular carcinoma-related protein 1 (HCRP1) is a key factor in the degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. In this study, we assessed the prognostic significance of HCRP1 expression in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC). METHODS HCRP1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue biopsy sections of 111 patients with locally advanced OOSCC undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models were used for survival analyses. RESULTS Low HCRP1 expression was associated with poor recurrence-free survival (P = 0.046) and overall survival (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that low HCRP1 expression remained an independent risk factor for relapse (HR 2.98, 95% CI 1.19-7.49, P = 0.02) and death (HR 3.04, 95% CI 1.19-7.79, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Low HCRP1 expression was found to be of adverse prognostic significance in patients with OOSCC who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Perisanidis
- Departments of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Termine N, Giovannelli L, Rodolico V, Matranga D, Pannone G, Campisi G. Biopsy vs. brushing: comparison of two sampling methods for the detection of HPV-DNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:870-5. [PMID: 22498489 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HR HPV infection was proposed as aetiological factor of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). HPV frequency in OSCC is highly variable, due to the discrepancy in oral sampling procedures, HPV testing methods and inclusion criteria regarding tumour site (strictly oral cavity vs. nearby structures). Our aim was to compare HPV DNA frequency and type-specific distribution in paired cytological and histological samples of SCC strictly located in oral cavity. The correlation between HPV detection rate by each method of sampling and demographical, behavioural and clinical-pathological variables was also examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS HPV DNA was detected in brushed cells and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies obtained from 83 consecutive unselected immunocompetent adults with OSCC. HPV DNA detection was performed in all samples by nPCR followed by direct DNA sequencing and the assay INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used, including Cohen κ index to evaluate agreement between two methods and association between HPV infection and demographical, behavioural and clinical-pathological variables for each method of sampling (p<0.05 statistically significant). RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 15.7% (13/83) of brushings and 12.1% (10/83) of biopsies (p>0.05). High risk HPV 51, 16 and 39 were genotypes more frequently detected, especially among biopsies; no concordance between two methods was found (Cohen κ index=0.04, p=0.34). CONCLUSION A fraction of OSCC could be linked to HR HPV infection in the Mediterranean area. Although without a statistical significance, biopsy specimen demonstrated more accurate for HR HPV detection than brushing in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Termine
- Section of Oral Sciences, Sector of Oral Medicine, Department of Surgical and Oncologic Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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van Monsjou HS, Lopez-Yurda MI, Hauptmann M, van den Brekel MWM, Balm AJM, Wreesmann VB. Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in young patients: The Netherlands Cancer Institute experience. Head Neck 2012; 35:94-102. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Farshadpour F, Roepman P, Hordijk GJ, Koole R, Slootweg PJ. A gene expression profile for non-smoking and non-drinking patients with head and neck cancer. Oral Dis 2012; 18:178-83. [PMID: 22035108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A small subset of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are non-smoking and non-drinking and have distinct clinical characteristics. We aimed to identify a possible different genetic profile for these patients when compared with their smoking and drinking counterparts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gene expression data previously detected from primary tumors located in the oral cavity and oropharynx, using DNA microarray was analyzed for their differential expression between non-smoking and non-drinking patients (n = 15) and smoking and drinking patients (n = 89). Student's T-test (P < 0.05) and 10-fold cross-validation procedure (100 times repeated) were performed to determine differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Non-smoking and non-drinking patients were older, mostly female and had oral cavity-localized tumors, whereas smoking and drinking patients were younger male patients with 81% oral cavity and 19% oropharynx tumors. A set of 49 differentially expressed genes were detected. Among others, seven genes related to interferon-γ were upregulated and two genes linked to NFKB pathway were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Differentially expressed genes in non-smoking and non-drinking patients possibly indicate the presence of a different cellular response to carcinogenic events in these patients. Further studies are warranted to validate this gene set and explore possible therapeutic implications to improve prognosis for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Farshadpour
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Chuang SC, Jenab M, Heck JE, Bosetti C, Talamini R, Matsuo K, Castellsague X, Franceschi S, Herrero R, Winn DM, La Vecchia C, Morgenstern H, Zhang ZF, Levi F, Dal Maso L, Kelsey K, McClean MD, Vaughan T, Lazarus P, Muscat J, Ramroth H, Chen C, Schwartz SM, Eluf-Neto J, Hayes RB, Purdue M, Boccia S, Cadoni G, Zaridze D, Koifman S, Curado MP, Ahrens W, Benhamou S, Matos E, Lagiou P, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Olshan AF, Fernandez L, Menezes A, Agudo A, Daudt AW, Merletti F, Macfarlane GJ, Kjaerheim K, Mates D, Holcatova I, Schantz S, Yu GP, Simonato L, Brenner H, Mueller H, Conway DI, Thomson P, Fabianova E, Znaor A, Rudnai P, Healy CM, Ferro G, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Hashibe M. Diet and the risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:69-88. [PMID: 22037906 PMCID: PMC3654401 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between diet and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk using data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. The INHANCE pooled data included 22 case-control studies with 14,520 cases and 22,737 controls. Center-specific quartiles among the controls were used for food groups, and frequencies per week were used for single food items. A dietary pattern score combining high fruit and vegetable intake and low red meat intake was created. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the dietary items on the risk of HNC were estimated with a two-stage random-effects logistic regression model. An inverse association was observed for higher-frequency intake of fruit (4th vs. 1st quartile OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.43-0.62, p (trend) < 0.01) and vegetables (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49-0.90, p (trend) = 0.01). Intake of red meat (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.13-1.74, p (trend) = 0.13) and processed meat (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.14-1.65, p (trend) < 0.01) was positively associated with HNC risk. Higher dietary pattern scores, reflecting high fruit/vegetable and low red meat intake, were associated with reduced HNC risk (per score increment OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84-0.97).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Chuang
- Imperial College London, London, UK
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rolando Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación Epidemiológica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Hal Morgenstern
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Fabio Levi
- Institut Universitaire de Medecine Sociale et Preventive, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Vaughan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chu Chen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jose Eluf-Neto
- Departemento Medicina Preventiva, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mark Purdue
- National cancer institute, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Institute of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cadoni
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Koifman
- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Bermen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Med, Bermen, Germany
| | | | - Elena Matos
- Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andrew F. Olshan
- University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Ana Menezes
- Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Dana Mates
- Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stimson Schantz
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Lorenzo Simonato
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - David I. Conway
- Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Thomson
- University of Newcastle Dental School, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Ariana Znaor
- Croatian National Cancer Registry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Rudnai
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gilles Ferro
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Mia Hashibe
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Krüskemper G, Handschel J. Smoking affects quality of life in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1353-61. [PMID: 22012470 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a causative factor in oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Unfortunately, only poor data exist regarding the quality of life of smokers vs non-smokers with SCC. The purpose of this study is to show a correlation between variables for comprehensive interdisciplinary rehabilitation and better patient quality of life (LQ). A total collective of 1,761 patients from 38 hospitals within the German-language area of Germany, Austria and Switzerland (DÖSAK-REHAB-STUDIE) yielding 1,652 patients' questionnaires containing 147 items were evaluated. They refer to the periods before (t1) and immediately after surgery (t2), as well as at least 6 months later (t3). LQ was determined by the patient and ranges from 0% to 100%. Significant differences were found between smokers (80%) and non-smokers (20%) with respect to diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation. Disabilities and impairments in speech, appearance, chewing/swallowing, pain and LQ were examined. Smokers were more often and more severely affected. Differences were found in the size of the tumour, scar tissue, ingestion, functionality of the facial muscles and a numb feeling in the head and shoulder area. Smoking has a severe effect on the oral cavity. Non-smokers suffer far less from the effects of SCC and the ensuing therapy. During therapy and rehabilitation, the LQ is much higher in non-smokers. This supports the importance of enhanced efforts to inform people about the consequences of smoking so as to prevent them from smoking. Moreover, psychological support might be helpful to give up smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud Krüskemper
- Department of Medical Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Building MA 0/145, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Farshadpour F, Konings S, Speel EJM, Hordijk GJ, Koole R, van Blokland M, Slootweg PJ, Kummer JA. Human Papillomavirus and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study regarding Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:806345. [PMID: 21789265 PMCID: PMC3140281 DOI: 10.4061/2011/806345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the role of HPV in the pathogenesis and outcome of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in lifelong nonsmoking and nondrinking patients. A case-case analysis was performed to compare the presence of HPV-DNA in tumor cells of 16 nonsmoking and nondrinking with 16 matched smoking and drinking patients (matching criteria: age at incidence, gender, tumor sublocation, tumor stage). HPV was detected using 2 PCR tests, FISH analysis, and p16INK4A immunostaining. Nonsmoking and nondrinking patients had more HPV-positive tumors than smoking and drinking patients (n = 12; 75% versus n = 2; 13%; P < 0.001). All HPV-positive tumors showed p16INK4A overexpression, and 1 HPV-negative tumor had p16INK4A overexpression, (P < 0.001). Overall survival and disease-specific survival were higher for HPV-positive compared to HPV-negative cases (P = 0.027, P = 0.039, resp.). In conclusion, HPV is strongly associated with OSCC of nonsmoking and nondrinking patients. Specific diagnostic and therapeutic actions should be considered for these patients to achieve a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Farshadpour
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Martin CK, Tannehill-Gregg SH, Wolfe TD, Rosol TJ. Bone-invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats: pathology and expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:302-12. [PMID: 20940448 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810384414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral tumor in cats. There is no effective treatment, and the average duration of survival after diagnosis is only 2 months. Feline OSCC is frequently associated with osteolysis; however, the mechanisms responsible are unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiology and pathology of bone-invasive OSCC in cats and to determine the expression of select bone resorption agonists. In sum, 451 cases of feline OSCC were evaluated. There was no sex or breed predisposition, although there were more intact cats in the OSCC group compared to the control group. Gingiva was the most common site, followed by the sublingual region and tongue. Cats with lingual OSCC were younger (mean, 11.9 years) compared to cats with gingival OSCC (mean, 13.6 years). In addition to osteolysis, there was periosteal new bone formation, osseous metaplasia of tumor stroma, and direct apposition of OSCC to fragments of bone, suggestive of bone-binding behavior. Eighty-two cases were selected for immunohistochemical detection of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). Specimens with osteolysis had increased PTHrP expression and nuclear localization, compared to OSCC without osteolysis. Thirty-eight biopsies of OSCC with osteolysis were evaluated for tumor necrosis factor α expression, and only 4 biopsies had such expression in a small proportion of tumor cells. Increased tumor expression of PTHrP and increased localization of PTHrP to the nucleus were associated with osteolysis and may play an important role in bone resorption and tumor invasion in cats with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Martin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43214, USA
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Farshadpour F, Kranenborg H, Calkoen EVB, Hordijk GJ, Koole R, Slootweg PJ, Terhaard CH. Survival analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Influence of smoking and drinking. Head Neck 2010; 33:817-23. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.21549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Montaldo C, Mastinu A, Zorco S, Santini N, Pisano E, Piras V, Denotti G, Peluffo C, Erriu M, Garau V, Orrù G. Distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in sardinian patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Open Virol J 2010; 4:163-8. [PMID: 21249161 PMCID: PMC3023062 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901004010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of gynecological carcinomas and in head and neck carcinomas. The aim of this study was to detect and genotype HPVs in fresh oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from a Sardinian population, and to determine whether HPV presence was significantly associated with the development of OSCC. The oral mucosa tissues were obtained from 120 samples (68 OSCC and 52 control samples) taken from a Sardinian population seen at the Dental Clinic of the Department of Surgery and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Cagliari (Italy) and the “ Ospedale SS Trinità”, Cagliari (A.S.L. 8) between 2007 and 2008. PCR was used for the detection of HPV DNA and the genotype was determined by DNA sequencing. The frequency of HPV infection was evaluated in relation to age, sex, smoking and alcohol use. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 11.5 software. The results showed the presence of HPV-DNA in 60.3% of OSCC with HPV-16 (51.2%) being the most frequent genotype. In these Sardinian OSCC patients, HPV-DNA was detected more in males (65.8%) than in females (34.1%) while controls show a 0% of HPV presence. HPV positive was highly associated with OSCC among subjects with a history of heavy tobacco and alcohol use and among those with no such history. A greater frequency of high risk HPV presence was observed in patients with OSCC compared to health control patients. In addition these results suggested that oral HPV presence could be associated in OSCC subjects. Our results need more analyses to detect the HPV-DNA integration into tumoral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Montaldo
- Surgery Department of Odontostomatological Sciences, Odontostomatology Section, O.B.L., University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Searching for metachronous tumours in patients with head and neck cancer: the ideal protocol! Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 18:124-33. [PMID: 20234214 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e3283374ccf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As treatment changes in the management of head and neck cancer, patients are reportedly living longer; therefore, their death may be due to comorbidity, metastatic disease or the development of a metachronous second primary tumour (MSPT). This review describes recent developments in the identification of MSPTs of head and neck cancer, oesophagus and lung, and suggests/recommends an 'ideal surveillance protocol'. RECENT FINDINGS The rate of MSPT development ranges between 6 and 9% annually for life. Improved accuracy in the detection of mucosal asymptomatic premalignant and early cancer has been enhanced by incorporating fluorescence spectroscopy in addition to modern flexible endoscopic techniques in the outpatient setting. Newer imaging has replaced old techniques (chest radiograph, barium swallow, etc.) by using radiotracer PET-computed tomography to detect local tumour activity. Further advances are anticipated in optical diagnostics and the incorporation of radiopharmaceuticals with labelled antibodies to enhance PET imaging, thus making tumour identification more accurate. Genetic classification of head and neck cancer has already identified high-risk patient groups, thereby allowing expensive tumour screening techniques to be used selectively and specifically. Patients who continue to smoke and abuse alcohol must be helped and encouraged to quit. SUMMARY It is now possible to review traditional follow-up policy for treated head and neck cancer patients, to encourage the implementation of an evidence-based surveillance protocol, to identify only patients who are at high-risk of developing a MSPT, to incorporate modern targeted expensive tumour screening and to allow treatment of early cancer and effective treatment, thereby improving patients' quality of life and increasing survival.
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Harris SL, Kimple RJ, Hayes DN, Couch ME, Rosenman JG. Never-smokers, never-drinkers: unique clinical subgroup of young patients with head and neck squamous cell cancers. Head Neck 2010; 32:499-503. [PMID: 19691028 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young patients represent an increasing subgroup with head and neck cancer. METHODS Patients between 18 and 39 years of age with newly diagnosed and previously untreated squamous cell cancers were identified. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients met the selection criteria: 28 patients were never-smokers/never-drinkers (NSNDs), and 50 patients reported tobacco or alcohol abuse (smokers and/or drinkers [SD]). NSND patients were diagnosed at a younger median age (31.5 years vs 35.5 years, p = .007), were more likely to be female (75% vs 30%, p < .001) and white (89% vs 60%, p = .006), and were more likely to have tumors of the oral tongue (57% vs 24%, p = .003) and T1 disease (47% vs 20%, p = .01). There was no difference in 10-year relapse-free survival, but a suggestion of improved 10-year overall survival for NSND patients (71% vs 46%, p = .10). CONCLUSIONS Young patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) appear to have unique clinical profiles based on history of alcohol and tobacco abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Harris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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Jaber MA. Oral epithelial dysplasia in non-users of tobacco and alcohol: an analysis of clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment outcome. J Oral Sci 2010; 52:13-21. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.52.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Farshadpour F, Hordijk GJ, Koole R, Slootweg PJ. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in non-smoking and non-drinking patients with multiple tumors: etiologic significance of p53 and Ki-67 in non-tumorous epithelium. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:549-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bianchini C, Pastore A, Pelucchi S, Torreggiani E, Lambertini E, Marchesi E, Magri E, Frasson C, Querzoli P, Piva R. Sex hormone receptor levels in laryngeal carcinoma: a comparison between protein and RNA evaluations. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 265:1089-94. [PMID: 18246362 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-008-0589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The larynx is a secondary sex organ, and the hormone dependence of laryngeal carcinomas is considered an interesting matter of speculation. However, while tumors of other secondary sex organs, including the prostate, breast, and endometrium, have been recognized as hormone-dependent cancers, the laryngeal carcinomas are still subject to controversy. In this study, samples from 15 laryngeal carcinomas obtained at the time of surgery were assayed for specific estrogen alpha, progesterone, and androgen receptor expression, both at mRNA and protein levels. Detectable levels of specific estrogen and progesterone receptors, 53.3 and 73.3%, respectively, were found in the tumors. This positive detection by immunohistochemical analysis was higher in tumors than in normal mucosa adjacent to the tumor areas and was correlated with the absence of metastatic lymph nodes. No androgen receptor protein was detected in any sample analyzed, even if quantitative RT-PCR revealed high mRNA levels specific for this receptor. A strict correspondence between protein and mRNA hormone receptor levels was not found. This is in agreement with the transcriptional and protein synthesis mechanisms, and it is also compatible with the complex larynx tumorigenesis.
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Anaya-Saavedra G, Ramírez-Amador V, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, García-Cuellar CM, Guido-Jiménez M, Méndez-Martínez R, García-Carrancá A. High association of human papillomavirus infection with oral cancer: a case-control study. Arch Med Res 2007; 39:189-97. [PMID: 18164962 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine the association of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in Mexican individuals with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their association with various risk factors. METHODS We designed a matched case-control study. Cases were individuals with newly diagnosed OSCC, age- and sex-matched with controls (1:4). Demographic and clinical data were obtained; also a self-administered questionnaire about sexual behavior was included. DNA from oral brushing was purified to amplify HPV-DNA through MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ primers and subsequently subjected to sequencing. Conditional regression models were built to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Sixty two cases and 248 controls (53.2% males), median age 62 years (Q1-Q3=54-72 years) were included. HPV prevalence was 43.5% in cases and 17.3% in controls (HR-HPV: 37.1% cases, 9.7% controls). The most frequent types in cases were HPV-16 and HPV-18 (55.6 and 18.5%). The presence of HR-HPV was associated with OSCC (OR=6.2; 95% CI: 2.98-12.97) controlling for the most common risk factors. An interaction between smoking and drinking was detected, and family history of cancer was also significant (OR: 3.61; 95% CI=1.44-8.99). Early age at first sexual intercourse and large number of lifetime sexual partners showed an association with HR-HPV (p=0.019 and p=0.033, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Oral HR-HPV was strongly associated with OSCC, suggesting that HPV-16 and -18 are risk factors for oral cancer in Mexican patients. A significant association of tobacco and alcohol was confirmed. In addition, family history of cancer was associated with OSCC. The results underline the role of HPV in OSCC and its multifactorial etiology.
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