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Walayat A, Hosseini M, Nepal C, Li Y, Chen W, Chen Z, Huang X, Shao XM, Zhang L, Wang C, Xiao D. Maternal e-cigarette exposure alters DNA methylome, site-specific CpG and CH methylation, and transcriptomic signatures in the neonatal brain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:24263. [PMID: 39414906 PMCID: PMC11484909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-75986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal use of e-cigarette (e-cig) aerosols poses significant risks to fetal brain development, potentially increasing susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders in later life. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to understand the effects of fetal e-cig exposure on DNA methylome and transcriptomic changes in the neonatal brain. Pregnant rats were exposed to e-cig aerosols, and neonatal brains (5 males and 5 females/group) from both control and e-cig-exposed groups were used for experimental analysis. Results indicated that prenatal e-cig exposure altered site-specific DNA methylation patterns at both CpG and CH (non-CpG) sites, predominantly in intergenic and intronic regions, with sex dimorphism in methylation and gene expression changes. Gene ontology analysis revealed that e-cig exposure not only affected neuron projection development and axonogenesis but also altered pathways related to neurodegeneration and long-term depression. These findings provide novel insights into the dynamic changes of CpG and CH methylation induced by e-cig exposure, underscoring the susceptibility of the developing brain to maternal e-cig exposure and its potential implications for developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Walayat
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Center for Genomics Research, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Chirag Nepal
- Center for Genomics Research, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Wanqiu Chen
- Center for Genomics Research, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Center for Genomics Research, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics Research, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Dabdoub S, Greenlee A, Abboud G, Brengartner L, Zuiker E, Gorr MW, Wold LE, Kumar PS, Cray J. Acute exposure to electronic cigarette components alters mRNA expression of pre-osteoblasts. FASEB J 2024; 38:e70017. [PMID: 39213037 PMCID: PMC11371384 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302014rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of traditional nicotine delivery products such as tobacco has long been linked to detrimental health effects. However, little work to date has focused on the emerging market of aerosolized nicotine delivery known as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or electronic cigarettes, and their potential for new effects on human health. Challenges studying these devices include heterogeneity in the formulation of the common components of most available ENDS, including nicotine and a carrier (commonly composed of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin, or PG/VG). In the present study, we report on experiments interrogating the effects of major identified components in e-cigarettes. Specifically, the potential concomitant effects of nicotine and common carrier ingredients in commercial "vape" products are explored in vitro to inform the potential health effects on the craniofacial skeleton through novel vectors as compared to traditional tobacco products. MC3T3-E1 murine pre-osteoblast cells were cultured in vitro with clinically relevant liquid concentrations of nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), Nicotine+PG/VG, and the vape liquid of a commercial product (Juul). Cells were treated acutely for 24 h and RNA-Seq was utilized to determine segregating alteration in mRNA signaling. Influential gene targets identified with sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) implemented in mixOmics were assessed using the PANTHER Classification system for molecular functions, biological processes, cellular components, and pathways of effect. Additional endpoint functional analyses were used to confirm cell cycle changes. The initial excitatory concentration (EC50) studied defined a target concentration of carrier PG/VG liquid that altered the cell cycle of the calvarial cells. Initial sPLS-DA analysis demonstrated the segregation of nicotine and non-nicotine exposures utilized in our in vitro modeling. Pathway analysis suggests a strong influence of nicotine exposures on cellular processes including metabolic processes and response to stimuli including autophagic flux. Further interrogation of the individual treatment conditions demonstrated segregation by treatment modality (Control, Nicotine, Carrier (PG+VG), Nicotine+PG/VG) along three dimensions best characterized by: latent variable 1 (PLSDA-1) showing strong segregation based on nicotine influence on cellular processes associated with cellular adhesion to collagen, osteoblast differentiation, and calcium binding and metabolism; latent variable 2 (PLSDA-2) showing strong segregation of influence based on PG+VG and Control influence on cell migration, survival, and cycle regulation; and latent variable 3 (PLSDA-3) showing strong segregation based on Nicotine and Control exposure influence on cell activity and growth and developmental processes. Further, gene co-expression network analysis implicates targets of the major pathway genes associated with bone growth and development, particularly craniofacial (FGF, Notch, TGFβ, WNT) and analysis of active subnetwork pathways found these additionally overrepresented in the Juul exposure relative to Nicotine+PG/VG. Finally, experimentation confirmed alterations in cell count, and increased evidence of cell stress (markers of autophagy), but no alteration in apoptosis. These data suggest concomitant treatment with Nicotine+PG/VG drives alterations in pre-osteoblast cell cycle signaling, specifically transcriptomic targets related to cell cycle and potentially cell stress. Although we suspected cell stress and well as cytotoxic effects of Nicotine+PG/VG, no great influence on apoptotic factors was observed. Further RNA-Seq analysis allowed for the direct interrogation of molecular targets of major pathways involved in bone and craniofacial development, each demonstrating segregation (altered signaling) due to e-cigarette-type exposure. These data have implications directed toward ENDS formulation as synergistic effects of Nicotine+PG/VG are evidenced here. Thus, future research will continue to interrogate how varied formulation of Nicotine+PG/VG affects overall cell functions in multiple vital systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareef Dabdoub
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Ashley Greenlee
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - George Abboud
- Undergraduate Biomedical Sciences Major, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Lexie Brengartner
- Undergraduate Biomedical Sciences Major, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Eryn Zuiker
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew W. Gorr
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Loren E. Wold
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Purnima S. Kumar
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan
| | - James Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
- Divisions of Biosciences and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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Nadler E, Jacobus J, Rabin RA. Prenatal Cannabis and Tobacco Co-Exposure and Its Association with Behavioural Outcomes in Middle Childhood: Co-exposition prénatale au cannabis et au tabac et son association avec les résultats comportementaux au cours de l'enfance intermédiaire. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2024:7067437241271696. [PMID: 39140868 DOI: 10.1177/07067437241271696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cannabis legalization has triggered an increase in prenatal cannabis use. Given that tobacco is commonly co-used with cannabis, determining outcomes associated with prenatal cannabis and tobacco co-exposure is crucial. While literature exists regarding the individual effects of prenatal cannabis and tobacco exposure on childhood behaviour, there is a gap regarding their combined use, which may have interactive effects. Therefore, we investigated whether prenatal cannabis and tobacco co-exposure was associated with greater externalizing and internalizing problems in middle childhood compared to prenatal exposure to either substance alone or no exposure. METHODS Baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (collected in children ages 9-11) were used to explore differences in externalizing and internalizing scores derived from the Childhood Behavior Checklist across four groups: children with prenatal cannabis and tobacco co-exposure (CT, n = 290), children with prenatal cannabis-only exposure (CAN, n = 225), children with prenatal tobacco-only exposure (TOB, n = 966), and unexposed children (CTL, n = 8,311). We also examined if the daily quantity of tobacco exposure modulated the effect of cannabis exposure on outcomes. RESULTS Adjusting for covariates, a 2 × 2 ANCOVA revealed significant main effects for prenatal cannabis (p = 0.03) and tobacco exposure (p < 0.001), and a significant interaction effect on externalizing scores (p = 0.032); no significant main effects or interactions were found for internalizing scores. However, interactions between daily quantity of cannabis and tobacco exposure significantly predicted both externalizing and internalizing scores (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that co-exposure is associated with greater externalizing problems than exposure to either substance alone, which did not differ from each other. Further, greater tobacco exposure may amplify the negative effect of cannabis exposure on both externalizing and internalizing behaviours in children. These findings underscore the need for interventions that target cannabis and tobacco co-use in pregnant women to circumvent their adverse impact on middle childhood behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rachel A Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and The Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
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Li Q, Cai X, Zhou H, Ma D, Li N. Maternal smoking cessation in the first trimester still poses an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disability in offspring. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1386137. [PMID: 39081356 PMCID: PMC11286595 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1386137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found maternal smoking during pregnancy was linked to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk. It is unclear if maternal smoking cessation during pregnancy lowers ADHD and learning disability (LD) risk in offspring. This study aimed to explore the associations between maternal smoking cessation during pregnancy and ADHD and LD risk in offspring. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 (8,068 participants) were used. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between maternal smoking and smoking cessation during pregnancy and ADHD and LD risk in offspring. Results Compared to non-smokers' offspring, maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the risk of ADHD (odds ratios [OR] = 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-2.56) and LD (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.61-2.31) in offspring, even if mothers quit smoking later (ORADHD = 1.91, 95%CIADHD: 1.38-2.65, ORLD = 1.65, 95%CILD: 1.24-2.19). Further analysis of the timing of initiation of smoking cessation during pregnancy revealed that, compared to non-smokers' offspring, maternal quitting smoking in the first trimester still posed an increased risk of ADHD (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.41-2.61) and LD (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.06-2.17) in offspring. Maternal quitting smoking in the second or third trimester also had a significantly increased risk of ADHD (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.26-3.61) and LD (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.16-2.87) in offspring. Furthermore, maternal smoking but never quitting during pregnancy had the highest risk of ADHD (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.69-2.79) and LD (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.70-2.58) in offspring. Interestingly, a trend toward a gradual increase in the risk-adjusted OR for ADHD and LD risk was observed among the three groups: maternal quitting smoking in the first trimester, maternal quitting smoking in the second or third trimester, and maternal smoking but never quitting. Conclusion Maternal smoking cessation in the first trimester still poses an increased risk of ADHD and LD in offspring. Furthermore, it seems that the later the mothers quit smoking during pregnancy, the higher the risk of ADHD and LD in their offspring. Therefore, early intervention of maternal smoking in preconception and prenatal care is vital for offspring neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaotang Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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McCarthy DM, Spencer TJ, Bhide PG. Preclinical Models of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Neurobiology, Drug Discovery, and Beyond. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:880-894. [PMID: 38084074 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231215286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We offer an overview of ADHD research using mouse models of nicotine exposure. METHOD Nicotine exposure of C57BL/6 or Swiss Webster mice occurred during prenatal period only or during the prenatal and the pre-weaning periods. Behavioral, neuroanatomical and neurotransmitter assays were used to investigate neurobiological mechanisms of ADHD and discover candidate ADHD medications. RESULTS Our studies show that norbinaltorphimine, a selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist is a candidate novel non-stimulant ADHD treatment and that a combination of methylphenidate and naltrexone has abuse deterrent potential with therapeutic benefits for ADHD. Other studies showed transgenerational transmission of ADHD-associated behavioral traits and demonstrated that interactions between untreated ADHD and repeated mild traumatic brain injury produced behavioral traits not associated with either condition alone. CONCLUSION Preclinical models contribute to novel insights into ADHD neurobiology and are valuable tools for drug discovery and translation to benefit humans with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J Spencer
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pradeep G Bhide
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Yang L, Zhou Y, Jiang M, Wen W, Guo Y, Pakhale S, Wen SW. Why Female Smokers Have Poorer Long-Term Health Outcomes than Male Smokers: The Role of Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy. Public Health Rev 2024; 45:1605579. [PMID: 38487619 PMCID: PMC10938403 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2024.1605579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Women's health status is better than men but the opposite is true for female smokers who usually have poorer long-health outcomes than male smokers. The objectives of this study were to thoroughly reviewed and analyzed relevant literature and to propose a hypothesis that may explain this paradox phenomenon. Methods: We conducted a search of literature from three English databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar) from inception to 13 November 2023. A combination of key words and/or subject headings in English was applied, including relevant terms for cigarette smoking, sex/gender, pregnancy, and health indicators. We then performed analysis of the searched literature. Results: Based on this review/analysis of literature, we proposed a hypothesis that may explain this paradox phenomenon: female smokers have worse long-term health outcomes than male smokers because some of them smoke during pregnancy, and the adverse effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy is much stronger than cigarette smoking during non-pregnancy periods. Conclusion: Approval of our pregnancy-amplification theory could provide additional evidence on the adverse effect on women's long-term health outcomes for cigarette smoking during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Respiratory Medicine Department of Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yunchun Zhou
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Yuxi People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine Department of Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Wendy Wen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yanfang Guo
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- BORN (Better Outcome Registry Network) Ontario, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Smita Pakhale
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Respiratory, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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7
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Kääntä E, Parviainen R, Tikanmäki M, Alenius S, Sinikumpu JJ, Kajantie E. Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring's Risk for Bone Fracture in Childhood and Adolescence. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1791-1799. [PMID: 37823763 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Conditions during gestation, such as maternal smoking, may affect offspring's bone structure. This could increase the offspring's risk of bone fractures during childhood. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and childhood bone fracture risk. We used a register-based birth cohort that included all children born in Finland between January 1987 and September 1990. After exclusions, the final study population consisted of 220,699 persons. Using a unique national identification number, we linked the cohort data to the fracture diagnosis in specialty care and covariate data using the Medical Birth Register (MBR), Statistics Finland and Care Register for Health Care (CRHC). The fractures were analyzed in three groups: all fractures, non-high-energy fractures, and high-energy fractures. The analyses were adjusted for sex, parity, child's year of birth, mother's age at childbirth, mother's and father's educational level, and mother's fracture status. We tested the association in three age groups: <1 year, 1-<5 years, and 5-<15 years using Cox and (recurrent fractures) Poisson regression. A total of 18,857 (8.5%) persons had at least one bone fracture diagnosis before the age of 15 years. In the age group 5-<15 years, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher fracture risk in all of the studied fracture groups: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.17) in all fractures, 1.13 (95% CI 1.07-1.19) in non-high-energy, and 1.15 (95% CI 1.00-1.32) in high-energy fractures. There were no significant associations in other age groups in any of the fracture groups. No statistically significant association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring's risk of recurrent fractures was found. In conclusion, 5- to 15-year-olds whose mothers have smoked during pregnancy have an increased risk of bone fractures treated in specialty care. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Kääntä
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roope Parviainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjaana Tikanmäki
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Alenius
- Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha-Jaakko Sinikumpu
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Saito H, Furukawa Y, Sasaki T, Kitajima S, Kanno J, Tanemura K. Behavioral effects of adult male mice induced by low-level acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and nicotine exposure in early-life. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1239808. [PMID: 37662107 PMCID: PMC10469492 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1239808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acetamiprid (ACE) and imidacloprid (IMI), the neonicotinoid chemicals, are widely used as pesticides because of their rapid insecticidal activity. Although these neonicotinoids exert very low toxicity in mammals, the effects of early, low-level, chronic exposure on the adult central nervous system are largely unclear. This study investigated the effects of low-level, chronic neonicotinoids exposure in early life on the brain functions of adult mice, using environmentally relevant concentrations. Methods We exposed mice to an acceptable daily intake level of neonicotinoids in drinking water during the prenatal and postnatal periods. Additionally, we also exposed mice to nicotine (NIC) as a positive control. We then examined the effects on the central nervous system in adult male offspring. Results In the IMI and NIC exposure groups, we detected behavior that displayed impairment in learning and memory. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in SOX2 (as a neural stem cell marker) and GFAP (as an astrocyte marker) positive cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the IMI and NIC exposure groups compared to the control group. Discussion These results suggest that exposure to neonicotinoids at low levels in early life affects neural circuit base formation and post-maturation behavior. Therefore, in the central nervous system of male mice, the effects of low-level, chronic neonicotinoids exposure during the perinatal period were different from the expected effects of neonicotinoids exposure in mature animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokatsu Saito
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitajima
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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The effects of lipoic acid on respiratory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116. [PMCID: PMC9933494 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and the recently emerging fatal coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), are the leading causes of illness and death worldwide. The increasing incidence and mortality rates have attracted much attention to the prevention and treatment of these conditions. Lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring organosulfur compound, is not only essential for mitochondrial aerobic metabolism but also shows therapeutic potential via certain pharmacological effects (e.g., antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects). In recent years, accumulating evidence (animal experiments and in vitro studies) has suggested a role of LA in ameliorating many respiratory diseases (e.g., lung cancer, fibrosis, asthma, acute lung injury and smoking-induced lung injury). Therefore, this review will provide an overview of the present investigational evidence on the therapeutic effect of LA against respiratory diseases in vitro and in vivo. We also summarize the corresponding mechanisms of action to inspire further basic studies and clinical trials to confirm the health benefits of LA in the context of respiratory diseases.
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Key Words
- lipoic acid
- respiratory diseases
- antioxidation
- anti-inflammatory effects
- mechanism of action
- akt, protein kinase b;
- aif, apoptosis-inducing factor;
- ampk, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase;
- α-sma, alpha-smooth muscle actin;
- bcl-2, b-cell lymphoma 2;
- cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2;
- dna, deoxyribonucleic acid;
- er, endoplasmic reticulum;
- erk, extracellular-regulated kinase;
- egfr, epidermal growth factor receptor;
- gr, glutathione reductase;
- gpx, glutathione peroxidase;
- grb2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2;
- gsh, reduced glutathione;
- gssg, oxidized glutathione;
- hif, hypoxia-inducible factor;
- ho-1, heme oxygenase 1;
- keap-1, kelch-like ech-associated protein 1;
- ig-e, immunoglobulin e;
- il, interleukin
- oct-4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4;
- parp-1, poly (adp-ribose) polymerase-1;
- pdk1, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1;
- pdh, pyruvate dehydrogenase;
- pi3k, phosphoinositide 3-kinase;
- pge2, prostaglandin e2;
- pgc1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor‑γ co-activator 1α;
- p70s6k, p70 ribosomal protein s6 kinase;
- fak, focal adhesion kinase;
- sod, superoxide dismutase;
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase;
- mtor, mammalian target of rapamycin;
- nf-κb, nuclear factor-kappa b;
- no, nitric oxide;
- nox-4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase-4;
- nqo1, nadph quinone oxidoreductase 1;
- tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor-α;
- tgf-β1, transforming growth factor beta-1;
- vegf, vascular endothelial growth factor;
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10
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Pereira Júnior AA, de Amorim GES, Garcia RCT, Ribeiro JM, Silva AO, Almeida CADF, Ceron CS, Ruginsk SG, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Elias LLK, Dias MVS, Marcourakis T, Torres LH. Nicotine exposure through breastfeeding affects BDNF and synaptic proteins levels in the brain of stressed adult female mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:759-771. [PMID: 36018565 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine has been used during pregnancy and lactation as a tobacco harm reduction strategy. However, it is unclear whether nicotine exposure during a critical development period negatively impacts stress responses in adulthood. This study investigated how nicotine, administered via breastfeeding, affects the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptic proteins levels, and anxiety-like behavior in adult female mice subjected to stress. Female Swiss mice were exposed to saline or nicotine (8 mg/kg/day) through breastfeeding between their fourth and 17th postnatal days (P) via implanted osmotic mini pumps. The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol was performed during their adulthood (P65) for 10 consecutive days, followed by the elevated plus maze (EPM) test one day after the protocol. Animals were euthanized and their blood, collected for plasma corticosterone measurements and their brain structures, dissected for BDNF and synaptic proteins analyses. We found no significant differences in corticosterone levels between groups (Saline/Non-stress, Nicotine/Non-stress, Saline/Stress, and Nicotine/Stress). The UCMS protocol hindered weight gain. Mice exposed to nicotine through breastfeeding with or without the UCMS protocol in adulthood showed higher grooming and head dipping frequency; decreased BDNF levels in cerebellum and striatum; increased postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), synapsin I, and synaptophysin levels in cerebellum; and decreased PSD-95 and synapsin I levels in brainstem. Our results indicate that nicotine exposure through breastfeeding leads to long-lasting behavioral effects and synaptic protein changes, most of which were independent of the UCMS protocol, even after a long nicotine-free period, highlighting the importance of further studies on nicotine exposure during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alves Pereira Júnior
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Caio Tamborelli Garcia
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssyca Milene Ribeiro
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Oliveira Silva
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Speroni Ceron
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Graciela Ruginsk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Helena Torres
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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11
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Walayat A, Fu Y, Liu B, Zhang L, Xiao D. The Regulatory Role of H19/miR-181a/ATG5 Signaling in Perinatal Nicotine Exposure-Induced Development of Neonatal Brain Hypoxic-Ischemic Sensitive Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6885. [PMID: 35805891 PMCID: PMC9266802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine exposure either from maternal cigarette smoking or e-cigarette vaping is one of the most common risk factors for neurodevelopmental disease in offspring. Previous studies revealed that perinatal nicotine exposure programs a sensitive phenotype to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in postnatal life, yet the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. The goal of the present study was to determine the regulatory role of H19/miR-181a/ATG5 signaling in perinatal nicotine exposure-induced development of neonatal brain hypoxic-ischemic sensitive phenotype. Nicotine was administered to pregnant rats via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. All experiments were conducted in offspring pups at postnatal day 9 (P9). Perinatal nicotine exposure significantly enhanced expression of miR-181a but attenuated autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) mRNA and protein levels in neonatal brains. Of interest, miR-181a mimicking administration in the absence of nicotine exposure also produced dose-dependent increased hypoxia/ischemia (H/I)-induced brain injury associated with a decreased ATG5 expression, closely resembling perinatal nicotine exposure-mediated effects. Locked nucleic acid (LNA)-miR-181a antisense reversed perinatal nicotine-mediated increase in H/I-induced brain injury and normalized aberrant ATG5 expression. In addition, nicotine exposure attenuated a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 expression level. Knockdown of H19 via siRNA increased the miR-181a level and enhanced H/I-induced neonatal brain injury. In conclusion, the present findings provide a novel mechanism that aberrant alteration of the H19/miR-181a/AGT5 axis plays a vital role in perinatal nicotine exposure-mediated ischemia-sensitive phenotype in offspring and suggests promising molecular targets for intervention and rescuing nicotine-induced adverse programming effects in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (Y.F.); (B.L.); (L.Z.)
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12
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Virgili F, Nenna R, Ben David S, Mancino E, Di Mattia G, Matera L, Petrarca L, Midulla F. E-cigarettes and youth: an unresolved Public Health concern. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:97. [PMID: 35701844 PMCID: PMC9194784 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) and vaping devices started as a potential aid for cessation and reducing the harmful consequences of cigarette smoking, mainly in the adult population. Today e-cigarette use is highly increasing in vulnerable populations, especially young and pregnant women, due to the misconception of its harmless use. Despite the growing acknowledgment in e-cigarette as a potential harmful device, and due to mixed information found concerning its beneficial aid for smokers, along with an insufficient clinical study done in human models, it is important to further evaluate the possible benefits and risks of non-combusting, vaping nicotine or non-nicotine delivery devices. In this review we tried to summarize the latest updated information found in the literature, concentrating mainly in the variety of adverse effects of e-cigarette use and its contribution for recent and future health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Virgili
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nenna
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Shira Ben David
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Mancino
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Di Mattia
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Matera
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
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13
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McCarthy DM, Zhang L, Wilkes BJ, Vaillancourt DE, Biederman J, Bhide PG. Nicotine and the developing brain: Insights from preclinical models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 214:173355. [PMID: 35176350 PMCID: PMC9063417 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Use of tobacco products during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Preclinical models of developmental nicotine exposure have offered valuable insights into the neurobiology of nicotine's effects on the developing brain and demonstrated lasting effects of developmental nicotine exposure on brain structure, neurotransmitter signaling and behavior. These models have facilitated discovery of novel compounds as candidate treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with prenatal nicotine exposure. Using these models the significance of heritability of behavioral phenotypes from the nicotine-exposed pregnant female or adult male to multiple generations of descendants has been demonstrated. Finally, research using the preclinical models has demonstrated synergistic interactions between developmental nicotine exposure and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury that contribute to "worse" outcomes from the injury in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder associated with developmental nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M McCarthy
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Bradley J Wilkes
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Pradeep G Bhide
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America.
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14
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Coleman SRM, Bunn JY, Nighbor TD, Kurti AN, Bolívar HA, Tyndale RF, Higgins ST. Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among U.S. women of reproductive age: Prevalence, reported reasons for use, and toxin exposure. Prev Med 2021; 152:106582. [PMID: 33930436 PMCID: PMC8545704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Given the rapidly expanding marketplace for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), it is important to monitor patterns of use, particularly among vulnerable populations. This study examined ENDS prevalence, reasons for use (i.e., to help quit smoking and for appealing flavors), and toxin exposure among U.S. women of reproductive age using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013-17). Exclusive ENDS users, dual users of ENDS and cigarettes, and exclusive cigarette smokers were compared within and between pregnant and not-pregnant women. Among pregnant women, prevalence of exclusive ENDS and dual use was similar (0.8%; 95%CI = 0.4-1.2% vs. 1.4%; 95%CI = 0.9-2.0%, respectively), but exclusive ENDS use was less prevalent than dual use among not-pregnant women (1.1%; 95%CI = 0.9-1.4% vs. 3.7%; 95%CI = 3.3-4.0%, respectively). Most women reported ENDs were used to help quit smoking (66.5-90.0%) and for appealing flavors (57.6-87.4%), and endorsement rates did not differ by use pattern or pregnancy status. Except for metals, toxin exposure was substantially lower for exclusive ENDS users relative to dual users and exclusive cigarette smokers regardless of pregnancy status. Pregnant and not-pregnant U.S. women regularly report using ENDS for help with quitting smoking and for appealing flavors. Although no type or pattern of tobacco/nicotine use is safe, especially during pregnancy, using ENDS exclusively is consistent with lower overall toxin exposure for pregnant and not-pregnant women. This study advances understanding of ENDS use and toxin exposure in women of reproductive age, a population highly vulnerable to the effects of nicotine/tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulamunn R M Coleman
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, United States of America.
| | - Janice Y Bunn
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States of America; Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, United States of America
| | - Tyler D Nighbor
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States of America
| | - Allison N Kurti
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States of America
| | - Hypatia A Bolívar
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Springfield, United States of America
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, United States of America; Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, United States of America
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15
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Berger K, Pearl M, Kharrazi M, Li Y, DeGuzman J, She J, Behniwal P, Lyall K, Windham G. The association of in utero tobacco smoke exposure, quantified by serum cotinine, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2021; 14:2017-2026. [PMID: 34165248 PMCID: PMC10752221 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on in utero exposure to maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or maternal active smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have not been entirely consistent, and no studies have examined in utero cotinine concentrations as an exposure classification method. We measured cotinine in stored second trimester maternal serum for 498 ASD cases and 499 controls born in California in 2011-2012. We also obtained self-reported maternal cigarette smoking during and immediately prior to pregnancy, as well as covariate data, from birth records. Using unconditional logistic regression, we found no association between log10 cotinine concentrations and odds for developing ASD among children of non-smokers (aOR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.69, 1.25] per ng/ml), which represents exposure to ETS, though there may be a possible interaction with race. We found no association between cotinine-defined smoking (≥3.08 ng/ml vs. <3.08 ng/ml) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.73 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.35, 1.54)) or self-reported smoking (aOR: 1.64 [95% CI: 0.65, 4.16]) and ASD. In one of the few studies of ETS and the first with measured cotinine, our results indicate no overall relationship between in utero exposure to tobacco smoke from maternal ETS exposure or active smoking, and development of ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This study found that women who smoke or are exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy are not more likely to have children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This is the first ASD study to measure a chemical in the mother's blood during pregnancy to identify exposure to tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Pearl
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Marty Kharrazi
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Josephine DeGuzman
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Paramjit Behniwal
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gayle Windham
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
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16
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Duko B, Pereira G, Betts K, Tait RJ, Newnham J, Alati R. Prenatal exposure to maternal, but not paternal, tobacco smoking is associated with smoking in adolescence. Addict Behav 2021; 117:106871. [PMID: 33609811 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting epidemiological evidence suggests an association between prenatal tobacco exposure and an increased risk of tobacco smoking in offspring. However, it is uncertain whether the association is due to the intrauterine or shared environmental exposures. METHODS Study participants were from the Raine Study, a prospective birth cohort study based in Perth, Western Australia (N = 2730). Tobacco smoking in adolescents, at age 17 years, was measured using a self-reported questionnaire. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of tobacco smoking in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. We have also calculated the E-values to investigate the potential effect of unmeasured confounding. Paternal smoking during pregnancy was used as a negative control for comparison. RESULTS A total of 1210 mothers-offspring pairs were included in the final analysis. After controlling for potential confounders, we found increased risks of tobacco smoking in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use during the first trimester [RR 1.50 (95% CI: 1.13-1.97)] (E-value for point estimate = 2.37) and during both trimesters of pregnancy [RR 1.41 (95% CI: 1.03-1.89)] (E-value for point estimate = 2.17). However, we found insufficient statistical evidence for an association between paternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of tobacco smoking in offspring [RR 1.18 (95% CI: 0.84-1.67)]. CONCLUSION Maternal prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with an increased risk of tobacco smoking in offspring at the age of 17 years. Tobacco smoking cessation at the early stages of gestation may reduce the risk of tobacco smoking in the next generation.
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17
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Yang L, Dong Y, Wu C, Youngblood H, Li Y, Zong X, Li L, Xu T, Zhang Q. Effects of prenatal photobiomodulation treatment on neonatal hypoxic ischemia in rat offspring. Theranostics 2021; 11:1269-1294. [PMID: 33391534 PMCID: PMC7738878 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury is a severe complication often leading to neonatal death and long-term neurobehavioral deficits in children. Currently, the only treatment option available for neonatal HI injury is therapeutic hypothermia. However, the necessary specialized equipment, possible adverse side effects, and limited effectiveness of this therapy creates an urgent need for the development of new HI treatment methods. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to be neuroprotective against multiple brain disorders in animal models, as well as limited human studies. However, the effects of PBM treatment on neonatal HI injury remain unclear. Methods: Two-minutes PBM (808 nm continuous wave laser, 8 mW/cm2 on neonatal brain) was applied three times weekly on the abdomen of pregnant rats from gestation day 1 (GD1) to GD21. After neonatal right common carotid artery ligation, cortex- and hippocampus-related behavioral deficits due to HI insult were measured using a battery of behavioral tests. The effects of HI insult and PBM pretreatment on infarct size; synaptic, dendritic, and white matter damage; neuronal degeneration; apoptosis; mitochondrial function; mitochondrial fragmentation; oxidative stress; and gliosis were then assessed. Results: Prenatal PBM treatment significantly improved the survival rate of neonatal rats and decreased infarct size after HI insult. Behavioral tests revealed that prenatal PBM treatment significantly alleviated cortex-related motor deficits and hippocampus-related memory and learning dysfunction. In addition, mitochondrial function and integrity were protected in HI animals treated with PBM. Additional studies revealed that prenatal PBM treatment significantly alleviated HI-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and myeloid cell/astrocyte activation. Conclusion: Prenatal PBM treatment exerts neuroprotective effects on neonatal HI rats. Underlying mechanisms for this neuroprotection may include preservation of mitochondrial function, reduction of inflammation, and decreased oxidative stress. Our findings support the possible use of PBM treatment in high-risk pregnancies to alleviate or prevent HI-induced brain injury in the perinatal period.
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18
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Naffaa V, Laprévote O, Schang AL. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on myelin development and diseases. Neurotoxicology 2020; 83:51-68. [PMID: 33352275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the central and peripheral nervous systems, myelin is essential for efficient conduction of action potentials. During development, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells differentiate and ensure axon myelination, and disruption of these processes can contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. In adults, demyelination can lead to important disabilities, and recovery capacities by remyelination often decrease with disease progression. Among environmental chemical pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are of major concern for human health and are notably suspected to participate in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have combined the current knowledge on EDCs impacts on myelin including several persistent organic pollutants, bisphenol A, triclosan, heavy metals, pesticides, and nicotine. Besides, we presented several other endocrine modulators, including pharmaceuticals and the phytoestrogen genistein, some of which are candidates for treating demyelinating conditions but could also be deleterious as contaminants. The direct impacts of EDCs on myelinating cells were considered as well as their indirect consequences on myelin, particularly on immune mechanisms associated with demyelinating conditions. More studies are needed to describe the effects of these compounds and to further understand the underlying mechanisms in relation to the potential for endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Naffaa
- Université de Paris, UMR 8038 (CiTCoM), CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- Université de Paris, UMR 8038 (CiTCoM), CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Service de Biochimie, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Schang
- Université de Paris, UMR 1153 (CRESS), Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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19
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Sex- and age-dependent differences in nicotine susceptibility evoked by developmental exposure to tobacco smoke and/or ethanol in mice. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:940-951. [PMID: 33292889 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Either tobacco smoking or alcohol consumption during pregnancy sex-selectively increases susceptibility to drugs of abuse later in life. Considering that pregnant smoking women are frequently intermittent consumers of alcoholic beverages, here, we investigated whether a short-term ethanol exposure restricted to the brain growth spurt period when combined with chronic developmental exposure to tobacco smoke aggravates susceptibility to nicotine in adolescent and adult mice. Swiss male and female mice were exposed to tobacco smoke (SMK; research cigarettes 3R4F, whole-body exposure, 8 h/daily) or ambient air during the gestational period and until the tenth postnatal day (PN). Ethanol (ETOH, 2 g/Kg, 25%, i.p.) or saline was injected in the pups every other day from PN2 to PN10. There were no significant differences in cotinine (nicotine metabolite) and ethanol serum levels among SMK, ETOH and SMK + ETOH groups. During adolescence (PN30) and adulthood (PN90), nicotine (NIC, 0.5 mg/Kg) susceptibility was evaluated in the conditioned place preference and open field tests. NIC impact was more evident in females: SMK, ETOH and SMK + ETOH adolescent females were equally more susceptible to nicotine-induced place preference than control animals. At adulthood, SMK and SMK + ETOH adult females exhibited a nicotine-evoked hyperlocomotor profile in the open field, with a stronger effect in the SMK + ETOH group. Our results indicate that ethanol exposure during the brain growth spurt, when combined to developmental exposure to tobacco smoke, increases nicotine susceptibility with stronger effects in adult females. This result represents a worsened outcome from the early developmental dual exposure and may predispose nicotine use/abuse later in life.
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20
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Bednarczuk N, Milner A, Greenough A. The Role of Maternal Smoking in Sudden Fetal and Infant Death Pathogenesis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:586068. [PMID: 33193050 PMCID: PMC7644853 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.586068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal smoking is a risk factor for both sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS). Both SIDS and SIUDS are more frequently observed in infants of smoking mothers. The global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy is 1.7% and up to 8.1% of women in Europe smoke during pregnancy and worldwide 250 million women smoke during pregnancy. Infants born to mothers who smoke have an abnormal response to hypoxia and hypercarbia and they also have reduced arousal responses. The harmful effects of tobacco smoke are mainly mediated by release of carbon monoxide and nicotine. Nicotine can enter the fetal circulation and affect multiple developing organs including the lungs, adrenal glands and the brain. Abnormalities in brainstem nuclei crucial to respiratory control, the cerebral cortex and the autonomic nervous system have been demonstrated. In addition, hypodevelopment of the intermediolateral nucleus in the spinal cord has been reported. It initiates episodic respiratory movements that facilitate lung development. Furthermore, abnormal maturation and transmitter levels in the carotid bodies have been described which would make infants more vulnerable to hypoxic challenges. Unfortunately, smoking cessation programs do not appear to have significantly reduced the number of pregnant women who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Bednarczuk
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Milner
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Greenough
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Kurti AN. Reducing tobacco use among women of childbearing age: Contributions of tobacco regulatory science and tobacco control. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2020; 28:501-516. [PMID: 31855002 PMCID: PMC8168442 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use has unique, adverse health consequences for reproductive-aged women, particularly should these women become pregnant. Thus, successful efforts to reduce tobacco use among this population have strong potential to improve public health and reduce health disparities. The present review examines contributions to reducing tobacco use among women of childbearing age spanning the domains of tobacco regulatory science and tobacco control from the passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act in 2009 through September 2019. In the domain of tobacco regulatory science, such efforts include research conducted by various National Institutes of Health/Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-supported Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science, epidemiological surveillance studies, as well as studies examining the potential impact of tobacco regulatory policies currently under consideration by the FDA (e.g., reduced nicotine content cigarettes, health warning labels). Tobacco control efforts within this same 10-year timeframe include developments in pharmacological and psychosocial approaches to promoting tobacco cessation, mHealth interventions, and tobacco control policy. Emerging issues pertinent to ongoing efforts to reduce tobacco use within the domains of both tobacco regulatory science and tobacco control are also reviewed, including e-cigarettes, comorbid health conditions, course of tobacco and other drugs of abuse, and obstacles to the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based treatment and policy. Although the past decade has seen numerous important contributions to reducing tobacco use among reproductive-aged women within both domains, existing obstacles must be surmounted to continue reducing tobacco use and protecting health among this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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22
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Obisesan OH, Osei AD, Uddin SMI, Dzaye O, Cainzos-Achirica M, Mirbolouk M, Orimoloye OA, Sharma G, Al Rifai M, Stokes A, Bhatnagar A, El Shahawy O, Benjamin EJ, DeFilippis AP, Blaha MJ. E-Cigarette Use Patterns and High-Risk Behaviors in Pregnancy: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016-2018. Am J Prev Med 2020; 59:187-195. [PMID: 32362509 PMCID: PMC8349302 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of e-cigarette use has increased dramatically in the last decade in the U.S. Understanding the prevalence, patterns of use, and risk factor associations of e-cigarette use in pregnant women is particularly important, as this could have potential health implications for the mother and the developing child. METHODS Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey data from 2016 to 2018, adult women of reproductive age (18-49 years) who reported being pregnant (n=7,434) were studied. Self-reported current e-cigarette use was the main exposure. Other measures included combustible cigarette smoking status and high-risk behaviors (including other tobacco, marijuana, or heavy alcohol use; binge drinking; and others). All analyses were done in 2019. RESULTS Approximately 2.2% of pregnant women reported current e-cigarette use, of whom 0.6% reported daily use. The highest prevalence of e-cigarette use was observed in the youngest age group of pregnant women (3.2%), with 41.7% of all pregnant current e-cigarette users being aged 18-24 years. There was a marked increase in the prevalence of current use of e-cigarettes among pregnant women from 1.9% in 2016 to 3.8% in 2018. Approximately 46% of pregnant current e-cigarette users reported concomitant cigarette smoking. Compared with pregnant never e-cigarette users, pregnant current e-cigarette users had a higher prevalence of other tobacco product use, marijuana use, heavy alcohol intake, binge drinking, and other high-risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need to strengthen prevention and policy efforts, specifically in the vulnerable subgroup of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunmilayo H Obisesan
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Albert D Osei
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - S M Iftekhar Uddin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Omar Dzaye
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Olusola A Orimoloye
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Garima Sharma
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew Stokes
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Omar El Shahawy
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas; Section on Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Use, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York; Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, Texas.
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Kim CW, Lee SM, Ko EB, Go RE, Jeung EB, Kim MS, Choi KC. Inhibitory effects of cigarette smoke extracts on neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:75-85. [PMID: 32454085 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during the perinatal period is linked to adverse neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight and birth defects. Numerous studies have shown that cigarette smoke or nicotine exposure has a widespread effect on fetal nerve development. However, there exists a lack of understanding of what specific changes occur at the cellular level on persistent exposure to cigarette smoke during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into neural cells. We previously investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and its major component, nicotine, on the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Differentiation of mESCs into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) or neural crest cells (NCCs) was induced with chemically defined media, and the cells were continuously exposed to CSE or nicotine during neural differentiation and development. Disturbed balance of the pluripotency state was observed in the NPCs, with consequent inhibition of neurite outgrowth and glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap) expression. These inhibitions correlated with the altered expression of proteins involved in the Notch-1 signaling pathways. The migration ability of NCCs was significantly decreased by CSE or nicotine exposure, which was associated with reduced protein expression of migration-related proteins. Taken together, we concluded that CSE and nicotine inhibit differentiation of mESCs into NPCs or NCCs, and may disrupt functional development of neural cells. These results imply that cigarette smoking during the perinatal period potentially inhibits neural differentiation and development of ESCs cells, leading to neonatal abnormal brain development and behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Moo Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea
| | - Eul-Bee Ko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Jeongeup, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Kurti AN, Bunn JY, Tang K, Nighbor T, Gaalema DE, Coleman-Cowger V, Coleman SRM, Higgins ST. Impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems and other respondent characteristics on tobacco use transitions among a U.S. national sample of women of reproductive age. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 207:107801. [PMID: 31855658 PMCID: PMC6981035 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying predictors of tobacco use patterns that differ in harm among reproductive-aged women may inform efforts to protect women and children against adverse health impacts of tobacco use. METHODS Changes in tobacco use patterns were examined among women (18-49 years) who completed Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2), or W2 and Wave 3 (W3) of the U.S. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH, 2013-2016) study, and were using cigarettes, filtered cigars and/or cigarillos in the first wave over which data were included for that respondent (Time 1; T1). We examined the proportion of respondents whose tobacco use transitions from T1 to Time 2 (T2) were harm-maintaining (continued using combusted tobacco), harm-reducing (transitioned to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), or harm-eliminating (quit tobacco). Multinomial logistic regressions (with harm-maintaining as the baseline category) were conducted to examine associations between ENDS use, demographic, and psychosocial characteristics with each transition. RESULTS A majority of women (83 %) exhibited harm-maintaining transitions, followed by harm-eliminating (14.7 %) and harm-reducing (2.3 %) transitions. Use of ENDS at T1 was associated with increased odds of harm reduction and decreased odds of harm elimination. Younger women were more likely to make both harm-reducing and harm-eliminating transitions. Increased educational attainment, identifying as Black or Hispanic, increased psychiatric symptoms, and pregnancy were associated with harm elimination, whereas living at or above poverty was associated with harm reduction. CONCLUSIONS Study results contribute new information on the impact of ENDS, sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms, and pregnancy on tobacco use transitions among reproductive-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Kurti
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Janice Y Bunn
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Katherine Tang
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tyler Nighbor
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Diann E Gaalema
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Sulamunn R M Coleman
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Slotkin TA, Skavicus S, Ko A, Levin ED, Seidler FJ. The Developmental Neurotoxicity of Tobacco Smoke Can Be Mimicked by a Combination of Nicotine and Benzo[a]Pyrene: Effects on Cholinergic and Serotonergic Systems. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:293-304. [PMID: 30247698 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in addition to nicotine. We compared the developmental neurotoxicity of nicotine to that of the PAH archetype, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and also evaluated the effects of combined exposure to assess whether PAHs might exacerbate the adverse effects of nicotine. Pregnant rats were treated preconception through the first postnatal week, modeling nicotine concentrations in smokers and a low BaP dose devoid of systemic effects. We conducted evaluations of acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) systems in brain regions from adolescence through full adulthood. Nicotine or BaP alone impaired indices of ACh presynaptic activity, accompanied by upregulation of nicotinic ACh receptors and 5HT receptors. Combined treatment elicited a greater deficit in ACh presynaptic activity than that seen with either agent alone, and upregulation of nAChRs and 5HT receptors was impaired or absent. The individual effects of nicotine and BaP accounted for only 60% of the combination effects, which thus displayed unique properties. Importantly, the combined nicotine + BaP exposure recapitulated the effects of tobacco smoke, distinct from nicotine. Our results show that the effects of nicotine on development of ACh and 5HT systems are worsened by BaP coexposure, and that combination of the two agents contributes to the greater impact of tobacco smoke on the developing brain. These results have important implications for the relative safety in pregnancy of nicotine-containing products compared with combusted tobacco, both for active maternal smoking and secondhand exposure, and for the effects of such agents in "dirty" environments with high PAH coexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley Ko
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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26
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Higgins ST, Kurti AN, Palmer M, Tidey JW, Cepeda-Benito A, Cooper MR, Krebs NM, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Hart JL, Stanton CA. A review of tobacco regulatory science research on vulnerable populations. Prev Med 2019; 128:105709. [PMID: 31054904 PMCID: PMC6824984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2013 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and National Institutes of Health established fourteen Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS) to advance scientific knowledge relevant to conducting evidence-based tobacco regulation. This report reviews TCORS-funded research with adult vulnerable populations. The literature search included a list of all TCORS-funded publications compiled by the TCORS coordinating center; all TCORS were requested to share publications not in the coordinating-center's list. Only TCORS-funded reports describing an empirical study with an adult vulnerable population published in a peer-reviewed journal between September 2013 and June 2018 were included. 71 reports met inclusion criteria; 39% (28/71) examined tobacco use among those with mental health and medical comorbidities, 34% (24/71) socioeconomic disadvantage, 31% (22/71) women of reproductive age, 30% (21/71) racial/ethnic minorities, 18% (13/71) rural residents, and 3% (2/71) each among active military/veterans and sexual/gender minorities. Regarding scientific domains, 63% (45/71) investigated behavior, 37% (26/71) addiction, 24% (17/71) health effects, 20% (14/71) impact analyses, 18% (13/71) toxicity, 8% (6/71) marketing influences, and 7% (5/71) communications. Totals exceed 100% because some reports addressed multiple populations/domains. TCORS funding has generated a substantial, multidisciplinary body of new scientific knowledge on tobacco use in adult vulnerable populations. However, considerable variability was noted in the amount of research conducted across the various vulnerable populations and scientific domains. Most notably, relatively few studies focused on active military/veterans or sexual/gender minorities, and the scientific domains of marketing influences and communications were conspicuously underrepresented. These are important knowledge gaps to address going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joy L Hart
- University of Louisville, United States of America
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27
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Li Y, Song AM, Fu Y, Walayat A, Yang M, Jian J, Liu B, Xia L, Zhang L, Xiao D. Perinatal nicotine exposure alters Akt/GSK-3β/mTOR/autophagy signaling, leading to development of hypoxic-ischemic-sensitive phenotype in rat neonatal brain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R803-R813. [PMID: 31553625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00218.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal cigarette smoking is a major perinatal insult that contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental diseases in offspring. Our previous studies revealed that perinatal nicotine exposure reprograms a sensitive phenotype in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. The present study tested the hypothesis that perinatal nicotine exposure impacts autophagy signaling in the developing brain, resulting in enhanced susceptibility to neonatal HIE. Nicotine was administered to pregnant rats via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. Neonatal HIE was conducted in 9-day-old male rat pups. Protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/GSK-3β/mTOR) signaling and key autophagy markers were determined by Western blotting analysis. Rapamycin and MK2206 were administered via intracerebroventricular injection. Nicotine exposure significantly inhibited autophagy activities in neonatal brain tissues, characterized by an increased ratio of phosphoylated (p-) to total mTOR protein expression but reduced levels of autophagy-related 5, Beclin 1, and LC3βI/II. Treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin effectively blocked nicotine-mediated autophagy deficiency and, more importantly, reversed the nicotine-induced increase in HI brain infarction. In addition, nicotine exposure significantly upregulated p-Akt and p-GSK-3β. Treatment with the Akt selective inhibitor MK2206 reversed the enhanced p-Akt and p-GSK-3β, restored basal autophagic flux, and abolished nicotine-mediated HI brain injury. These findings suggest that perinatal nicotine-mediated alteration of Akt/GSK-3β/mTOR signaling plays a key role in downregulation of autophagic flux, which contributes to the development of hypoxia/ischemia-sensitive phenotype in the neonatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Andrew M Song
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Yingjie Fu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Andrew Walayat
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Meizi Yang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jie Jian
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Bailin Liu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Liang Xia
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Price LR, Martinez J. Biological effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature. F1000Res 2019; 8:1586. [PMID: 32595938 PMCID: PMC7308884 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20062.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new tobacco heating products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is changing the way humans are exposed to nicotine. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a broad overview of published scientific literature with respect to the effects of nicotine on three key health-related areas: 1) cardiovascular risk, 2) carcinogenesis and 3) reproductive outcomes. These areas are known to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cigarette smoke, and in addition, nicotine has been hypothesized to play a role in disease pathogenesis. Acute toxicity will also be discussed. The literature to February 2019 suggests that there is no increased cardiovascular risk of nicotine exposure in consumers who have no underlying cardiovascular pathology. There is scientific consensus that nicotine is not a direct or complete carcinogen, however, it remains to be established whether it plays some role in human cancer propagation and metastasis. These cancer progression pathways have been proposed in models in vitro and in transgenic rodent lines in vivo but have not been demonstrated in cases of human cancer. Further studies are needed to determine whether nicotine is linked to decreased fertility in humans. The results from animal studies indicate that nicotine has the potential to act across many mechanisms during fetal development. More studies are needed to address questions regarding nicotine exposure in humans, and this may lead to additional guidance concerning new ENDS entering the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie R. Price
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Japan Tobacco International, Genève, Genève, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Javier Martinez
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Japan Tobacco International, Genève, Genève, 1202, Switzerland
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29
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Price LR, Martinez J. Cardiovascular, carcinogenic and reproductive effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature. F1000Res 2019; 8:1586. [PMID: 32595938 PMCID: PMC7308884 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20062.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new tobacco heating products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is changing the way humans are exposed to nicotine. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a broad overview of published scientific literature with respect to the effects of nicotine on three key health-related areas: 1) cardiovascular risk, 2) carcinogenesis and 3) reproductive outcomes. These areas are known to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cigarette smoke, and in addition, nicotine has been hypothesized to play a role in disease pathogenesis. Acute toxicity will also be discussed. The literature to February 2019 suggests that there is no increased cardiovascular risk of nicotine exposure in consumers who have no underlying cardiovascular pathology. There is scientific consensus that nicotine is not a direct or complete carcinogen, however, it remains to be established whether it plays some role in human cancer propagation and metastasis. These cancer progression pathways have been proposed in models in vitro and in transgenic rodent lines in vivo but have not been demonstrated in cases of human cancer. Further studies are needed to determine whether nicotine is linked to decreased fertility in humans. The results from animal studies indicate that nicotine has the potential to act across many mechanisms during fetal development. More studies are needed to address questions regarding nicotine exposure in humans, and this may lead to additional guidance concerning new ENDS entering the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie R. Price
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Japan Tobacco International, Genève, Genève, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Javier Martinez
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Japan Tobacco International, Genève, Genève, 1202, Switzerland
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30
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Gunnerbeck A. The neurotoxic effects of prenatal nicotine exposure may impair breastfeeding. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1180-1181. [PMID: 31215083 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gunnerbeck
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet StockholmSweden
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31
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Barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation within pregnant Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women: An integrative review. Midwifery 2019; 73:49-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Lee M, Ha M, Hong YC, Park H, Kim Y, Kim EJ, Kim Y, Ha E. Exposure to prenatal secondhand smoke and early neurodevelopment: Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study. Environ Health 2019; 18:22. [PMID: 30894196 PMCID: PMC6425627 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy and a child's neurodevelopment has not been established yet. We explored the association between prenatal exposure to SHS and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age considering genetic polymorphism and breastfeeding in 720 mothers and their offspring enrolled in the Korean multicenter birth cohort study (Mothers and Children Environmental Health, MOCEH). METHODS We quantified urine cotinine concentrations in mothers once from 12th to 20th gestational weeks and excluded those whose urine cotinine levels exceeded 42.7 ng/ml to represent SHS exposure in early pregnancy. Mental developmental index (MDI) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) values were measured using the Korean version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II) at 24 months of age. A general linear model was used to assess the relationship between maternal urinary cotinine level and neurodevelopment. RESULTS MDI scores were inversely associated with cotinine [β = - 2.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 5.32 to - 0.15] in children whose mothers had early pregnancy urinary cotinine levels >1.90 ng/ml. No association was evident in children whose mothers had cotinine levels ≤1.90 ng/ml. This negative association was more pronounced in children whose mothers had both Glutathione S-transferases mu 1 (GSTM1) and theta 1 (GSTT1) null type [β = - 5.78; 95% CI: -10.69 to - 0.87], but not in children whose mothers had any present type of GSTM1/GSTT1 [β = - 1.64; 95% CI: -4.79 to 1.52]. The association was no longer significant when children received breast milk exclusively for up to 6 months [β = - 0.24; 95% CI: -4.69 to 4.20] compared to others [β = - 3.75; 95% CI: -7.51 to 0.00]. No significant association was found for PDI. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to SHS during pregnancy may result in delayed MDI in early childhood. This effect might be modified by genetic polymorphism and breastfeeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjee Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Ewha Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Gutvirtz G, Wainstock T, Landau D, Sheiner E. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and long-term neurological morbidity of the offspring. Addict Behav 2019; 88:86-91. [PMID: 30172166 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term pediatric neurological morbidity of children born to mothers who reported smoking during pregnancy as compared with children born to non-smoking mothers. STUDY DESIGN A population-based cohort analysis was performed comparing all deliveries of mothers who reported smoking during pregnancy and non-smoking mothers between 1991 and 2014 at a single tertiary medical center. Hospitalizations of the offspring up to the age of 18 years involving neurological morbidities were evaluated according to a predefined set of ICD-9 codes, including autism, development and movement disorders, cerebral palsy and more. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare cumulative hospitalization rate in exposed and unexposed offspring and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for confounders. RESULTS During the study period, 242,342 deliveries met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 2861 (1.2%) were children of smoking mothers. Neurological-related hospitalizations were significantly higher in children born to smoking mothers, as compared with the non-smoking group (5.3% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.01). Specifically, these children had higher rates of movement, eating and developmental disorders as well as attention deficit hyperactive disorder. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated a significant higher cumulative incidence of neurological-related hospitalizations in the smoking group (log rank p < 0.01). Using a Cox proportional hazards model, controlling for potential confounders, maternal tobacco use was found to be independently associated with long-term neurological morbidity of the offspring (adjusted HR = 1.58, CI 1.33-1.89, p value < 0.01). CONCLUSION Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for long-term neurological morbidity of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Gutvirtz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Tamar Wainstock
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniella Landau
- Department of Neonatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Jacobs M. Adolescent smoking: The relationship between cigarette consumption and BMI. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 9:100153. [PMID: 31193813 PMCID: PMC6542372 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies relating cigarette smoking and body weight yield conflicting results. Weight-lowering effects in women and men have been associated with smoking, however, no effects on weight have been proven. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and relative weight in adolescent males and females as they age into young adults. Methods Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth—a nationally representative survey conducted annually—was used for this analysis. The sample consists of 4225 males and females observed annually from 1997 at age 12 to 17 through 2011 at age 27 to 31. Hierarchical generalized models (HGM) assess the impact of smoking on the likelihood of having higher BMI controlling for demographic, household and environmental impacts. The second estimation considers the possibility that smoking is endogenous and utilizes a multinomial instrument (IV) for smoking level. Results HGM models reveal a negative association between cigarette smoking and BMI for both males and females. Individuals who smoke more have lower BMI compared to infrequent or non-smokers. General health rating, region of residence and income were used instrument for smoking in a linear two-stage IV specification. The instrument is highly correlated with BMI and results mirror the HGM. Finally, models run on early, middle and advanced adolescents show that the relationship diminishes over time. The relationship between BMI and smoking decreases as females age but increases for males. Conclusions Empirical models confirm an association cigarette consumption and BMI in both males and females. This negative relationship varies with age. It is important to identify health risks—obesity—and modifiable risk factors—smoking—that contribute to health disparities among adolescents. However, the increase in one risky behavior leading to the decrease in the prevalence of the other, complicates the issue. The higher prevalence of frequent cigarette uses among both adolescents and young adults of lower BMI suggest that smoking could be used curb or suppress appetite. The weight impact of tobacco use by adolescents, unlike adults, has not been conclusively determined. This study examines the relationship between cigarette use and the body weight (BMI) of high school aged youth. Since smoking can be considered endogeneous in weight studies, smoking is instrumented in a two-stage process. Cigarette use is associated with higher BMI, but magnitudes vary by age. Models run on early, middle and older adolescents show that the relationship diminishes over time. The relationship between BMI and smoking decreases as females age but increases for males. Overweight and obese adolescents were more frequent tobacco users. Results suggest that electronic and conventional tobacco has similar BMI associations when used independently.
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Lopez AA, Redner R, Kurti AN, Keith DR, Villanti AC, Stanton CA, Gaalema DE, Bunn JY, Doogan NJ, Cepeda-Benito A, Roberts ME, Higgins ST. Tobacco and nicotine delivery product use in a U.S. national sample of women of reproductive age. Prev Med 2018; 117:61-68. [PMID: 29559222 PMCID: PMC6141351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined prevalence and correlates of using cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and other tobacco/nicotine delivery products in a U.S. national sample of women of reproductive age. Weighted data were obtained from women aged 15-44 years who were not currently pregnant in the first wave of the Population Assessment of Health and Tobacco (PATH, 2013-2014) study (N = 12,848). 20.1% of women were current cigarette smokers, 5.9% current e-cigarette users, 4.9% current cigar smokers, and 6.5% current hookah users. Prevalence of current use of other tobacco products was <1.0%. Current cigarette smoking was the strongest correlate of current e-cigarette use (OR = 65.7, 95% CI = 44.8-96.5), cigar smoking (OR = 19.2, 95% CI = 14.1-26.1), and hookah use (OR = 6.6, 95% CI = 5.1-8.5). Among former cigarette smokers, 3.8%, 6.9%, and 3.2% were also currently using e-cigarettes, hookah, and cigars, respectively. Use of other tobacco and nicotine delivery products was low among those who never smoked tobacco cigarettes: 2.5% used hookah and <1.0% used other products. Cigarette smoking prevalence remains relatively high among women of reproductive age and strongly correlated with use of other tobacco products. Monitoring tobacco and nicotine use in this population is important due to the additional risk of adverse health impacts should they become pregnant. Clinicians working with cigarette smokers should assess for use of other tobacco products. Among women of reproductive age, use of emerging tobacco and nicotine products appears to be largely, although not exclusively, restricted to current cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa A Lopez
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Ryan Redner
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States; Rehabilitation Institute, Southern Illinois University, United States.
| | - Allison N Kurti
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Diana R Keith
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Andrea C Villanti
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Cassandra A Stanton
- Westat, Center for Evaluation and Coordination of Training and Research (CECTR) in Tobacco Regulatory Science, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, United States
| | - Diann E Gaalema
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, United States
| | | | - Nathan J Doogan
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, United States
| | | | - Megan E Roberts
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, United States; Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, United States
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Examining the relationship between pregnancy and quitting use of tobacco products in a U.S. national sample of women of reproductive age. Prev Med 2018; 117:52-60. [PMID: 30145348 PMCID: PMC6195821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined quit rates longitudinally for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, hookah, cigars, and all tobacco products in a U.S. national sample of women aged 18-44 who completed both Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH, 2013-2014, 2014-2015) study (N = 7814). Quit rates were examined among women who transitioned into pregnancy across survey waves, and among a comparable sample of non-pregnant women to provide contextual information about quitting among the broader population of reproductive-aged women. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the associations of pregnancy and quitting adjusting for other demographic and psychosocial characteristics. Quit rates among women who were pregnant in W2 were highest for hookah (98.3%), followed by cigars (88.0%), e-cigarettes (81.3%), and lowest for tobacco cigarettes (53.4%). Slightly more than half (58.7%) of women reported quitting use all tobacco products while pregnant. Pregnancy was independently associated with increased odds of quitting hookah (AOR = 52.9, 95%CI = 3.4, 830.2), e-cigarettes (AOR = 21.0, 95%CI = 2.6, 170.3), all tobacco products (AOR = 9.6, 95%CI = 6.4, 14.5), and cigarettes (AOR = 6.5, 95%CI = 4.2, 10.1), although not cigars. Relative to other demographic and psychosocial characteristics, pregnancy was the strongest predictor of quitting use of each tobacco product. While these data indicate that pregnancy has strong, independent associations with quitting a variety of commercially available tobacco products, the comparatively lower quit rates for cigarettes versus other tobacco products underscores the long-standing need for more intensive, multipronged clinical and regulatory interventions to reduce cigarette use among reproductive-aged women.
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Brancato A, Cannizzaro C. Mothering under the influence: how perinatal drugs of abuse alter the mother-infant interaction. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:283-294. [PMID: 29194045 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although drug-abusing women try to moderate their drug and alcohol use during pregnancy, they often relapse at a time when childcare needs are high and maternal bonding is critical to an infant's development. In the clinical setting, the search for the neural basis of drug-induced caregiving deficits is complex due to several intervening variables. Rather, the preclinical studies that control for drug dose and regimen, as well as for gestational and postpartum environment, allow a precise determination of the effects of drugs on maternal behaviour. Given the relevance of the issue, this review will gather reports on the phenotypic correlates of maternal behaviour in preclinical studies, and focus on the detrimental consequences on the mother-infant interaction exerted by the perinatal use of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine and stimulants and opiates. The drug-induced disruptions of this maternal repertoire are associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes. A comprehensive overview will help promote the refinement of the treatment approaches toward maternal drug use disorders and maternal misbehaviour, in favour of augmented parenting resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brancato
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, I-90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, I-90127 Palermo, Italy
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Rumrich IK, Vähäkangas K, Viluksela M, Gissler M, Surcel HM, Korhonen A, De Ruyter H, Hänninen O. Smoking during pregnancy in Finland - Trends in the MATEX cohort. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:890-898. [PMID: 30328381 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818804417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aims: In Finland, smoking rates in the general population are decreasing due to increased awareness of the adverse effects and tightened tobacco legislation. However, previous studies have shown that smoking in pregnant Finnish women remained as high as in the general Finnish female population at around 15% in 2010. Our aim was to describe temporal and spatial trends in smoking behaviour, and determinants of changes in smoking behaviour between first and second pregnancy. Methods: Self-reported smoking from the Finnish Medical Birth Register covered the years 1991-2015 (N=1,435,009). The association of maternal age and socioeconomic status with smoking rate was analysed. Spatial trends were assessed at municipality level. Results: The overall smoking rate during early pregnancy remained fairly stable at around 15% from 1991 to 2015, but increased in teenage and young women below 25 years of age. The mean smoking rate (36%) was higher in these age groups than in older pregnant women (11%). Through the study period the smoking rate remained higher in blue collar workers compared with higher socioeconomic groups. Between the first and second child, on average only 4% of women started to smoke and 41% quitted. Smoking rates developed less favourably in Eastern Finland. Conclusions: The observed increase in smoking rate during pregnancy in teenage and young women is concerning. Pregnancy is a trigger point for smoking cessation in a big fraction of pregnant women. More studies are needed to explain the opposite trends of smoking rates in Northern and Western Finland compared with Eastern Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell K Rumrich
- University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Department of Public Health Solutions, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- University of Eastern Finland (UEF), School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Viluksela
- University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.,University of Eastern Finland (UEF), School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Information Services, Helsinki, Finland.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Finland.,Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Antti Korhonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Department of Public Health Solutions, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Otto Hänninen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Department of Public Health Solutions, Kuopio, Finland
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Qiao H, Zhang YS, Chen P. Commentary: Human brain organoid-on-a-chip to model prenatal nicotine exposure. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:138. [PMID: 30338258 PMCID: PMC6180184 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, Wuhan, China
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Cauley M, Hall BJ, Abreu-Villaça Y, Junaid S, White H, Kiany A, Slotkin TA, Levin ED. Critical developmental periods for effects of low-level tobacco smoke exposure on behavioral performance. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:81-87. [PMID: 30036564 PMCID: PMC6153040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco exposure during development leads to neurobehavioral dysfunction in children, even when exposure is limited to secondhand smoke. We have previously shown in rats that developmental exposure to tobacco smoke extract (TSE), at levels mimicking secondhand smoke, starting preconception and extending throughout gestation, evoked subsequent locomotor hyperactivity and cognitive impairment. These effects were greater than those caused by equivalent exposures to nicotine alone, implying that other agents in tobacco smoke contributed to the adverse behavioral effects. In the present study, we examined the critical developmental windows of vulnerability for these effects, restricting TSE administration (0.2 mg/kg/day nicotine equivalent, or DMSO vehicle, delivered by subcutaneously-implanted pumps) to three distinct 10 day periods: the 10 days preceding mating, the first 10 days of gestation (early gestation), or the second 10 days of gestation (late gestation). The principal behavioral effects revealed a critical developmental window of vulnerability, as well as sex selectivity. Late gestational TSE exposure significantly increased errors in the initial training on the radial-arm maze in female offspring, whereas no effects were seen in males exposed during late gestation, or with either sex in the other exposure windows. In attentional testing with the visual signal detection test, male offspring exposed to TSE during early or late gestation showed hypervigilance during low-motivating conditions. These results demonstrate that gestational TSE exposure causes persistent behavioral effects that are dependent on the developmental window in which exposure occurs. The fact that effects were seen at TSE levels modeling secondhand smoke, emphasizes the need for decreasing involuntary tobacco smoke exposure, particularly during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty Cauley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Brandon J Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiologicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Shaqif Junaid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hannah White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Abtin Kiany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Theodore A Slotkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Kristjansson AL, Thomas S, Lilly CL, Thorisdottir IE, Allegrante JP, Sigfusdottir ID. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and academic achievement of offspring over time: A registry data-based cohort study. Prev Med 2018; 113:74-79. [PMID: 29758305 PMCID: PMC6002605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the cumulative impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on scholastic outcomes over time. We examined the relations between MSDP and academic achievement in the 4th, 7th and 10th grades using registry data collected at birth, during the neonatal period, and at each grade level from the 2000, LIFECOURSE study birth cohort in Reykjavik, Iceland (N = 1151, girls = 49.3%). Latent growth modeling showed that MSDP influenced Icelandic achievement scores, standardized to a range from 0 to 60, at baseline (β = -0.04), and over time (β = -0.05). Likewise, MSDP was negatively associated with standardized mathematics scores at baseline (ß = -0.09) and continued to exert a negative impact on mathematics scores over time (ß = -0.08) after controlling for gender, income, cohabitation, and baseline mathematics and Icelandic achievement scores. Results provide evidence of the persistent negative impact of MSDP on academic achievement in offspring. Findings support the proposition that children whose mothers smoke during the first trimester of pregnancy are, on average, at greater risk for poor scholastic outcomes over time than children whose mothers do not smoke during their first trimester. To our knowledge, this is the first study using a longitudinal cohort design to assess whether the impacts of maternal smoking during pregnancy may persist over time. This study contributes to the current state of knowledge by providing an assessment that focuses on the impact of smoking during pregnancy on academic achievement from childhood into early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfgeir L Kristjansson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Sabena Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Christa L Lilly
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ingibjorg E Thorisdottir
- Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - John P Allegrante
- Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York 10027, NY, USA; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - Inga Dora Sigfusdottir
- Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York 10027, NY, USA
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Barra NG, VanDuzer TA, Holloway AC, Hardy DB. Maternal Nicotine Exposure Leads to Augmented Expression of the Antioxidant Adipose Tissue Triglyceride Lipase Long-Term in the White Adipose of Female Rat Offspring. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:72-84. [PMID: 29617909 PMCID: PMC6016717 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, approximately 10%-25% of women smoke during pregnancy. Since nicotine is highly addictive, women may use nicotine-containing products like nicotine replacement therapies for smoking cessation, but the long-term consequences of early life exposure to nicotine remain poorly defined. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that maternal nicotine exposed (MNE) rat offspring exhibit hypertriglyceridemia due to increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Hypertriglyceridemia may also be attributed to impaired white adipose tissue (WAT) lipid storage; however, the effects of MNE on WAT are not completely understood. We hypothesize that nicotine-induced alterations in adipose function (eg, lipid storage) underlie dyslipidemia in MNE adults. Female 6-month-old rats exposed to nicotine during gestation and lactation exhibited significantly decreased visceral adipocyte cell area by 40%, attributed, in part, to a 3-fold increase in adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein expression compared with vehicle. Given ATGL has antioxidant properties and in utero nicotine exposure promotes oxidative stress in various tissues, we next investigated if there was evidence of increased oxidative stress in MNE WAT. At both 3 weeks and 6 months, MNE offspring expressed 37%-48% higher protein levels of superoxide dismutase-1 and -2 in WAT. Since oxidative stress can induce inflammation, we examined the inflammatory profile of WAT and found increased expression of cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-6) by 44%-61% at 6 months. Collectively, this suggests that the expression of WAT ATGL may be induced to counter MNE-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. However, higher levels of ATGL would further promote lipolysis in WAT, culminating in impaired lipid storage and long-term dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Barra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Taylor A VanDuzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6C 2V5, Canada
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Morris M, Shaw A, Lambert M, Perry HH, Lowenstein E, Valenzuela D, Velazquez-Ulloa NA. Developmental nicotine exposure affects larval brain size and the adult dopaminergic system of Drosophila melanogaster. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:13. [PMID: 29898654 PMCID: PMC6001141 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-018-0172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women may be exposed to nicotine if they smoke or use tobacco products, nicotine replacement therapy, or via e-cigarettes. Prenatal nicotine exposure has been shown to have deleterious effects on the nervous system in mammals including changes in brain size and in the dopaminergic system. The genetic and molecular mechanisms for these changes are not well understood. A Drosophila melanogaster model for these effects of nicotine exposure could contribute to faster identification of genes and molecular pathways underlying these effects. The purpose of this study was to determine if developmental nicotine exposure affects the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster, focusing on changes to brain size and the dopaminergic system at two developmental stages. RESULTS We reared flies on control or nicotine food from egg to 3rd instar larvae or from egg to adult and determined effectiveness of the nicotine treatment. We used immunohistochemistry to visualize the whole brain and dopaminergic neurons, using tyrosine hydroxylase as the marker. We measured brain area, tyrosine hydroxylase fluorescence, and counted the number of dopaminergic neurons in brain clusters. We detected an increase in larval brain hemisphere area, a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase fluorescence in adult central brains, and a decrease in the number of neurons in the PPM3 adult dopaminergic cluster. We tested involvement of Dα7, one of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits, and found it was involved in eclosion, as previously described, but not involved in brain size. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that developmental nicotine exposure in Drosophila melanogaster affects brain size and the dopaminergic system. Prenatal nicotine exposure in mammals has also been shown to have effects on brain size and in the dopaminergic system. This study further establishes Drosophila melanogaster as model organism to study the effects of developmental nicotine exposure. The genetic and molecular tools available for Drosophila research will allow elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the effects of nicotine exposure during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Morris
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ariel Shaw
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, USA
| | | | | | - Eve Lowenstein
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, USA
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Ordean A, Wong S, Graves L. No. 349-Substance Use in Pregnancy. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2018; 39:922-937.e2. [PMID: 28935057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To improve awareness and knowledge of problematic substance use in pregnancy and to provide evidence-based recommendations for the management of this challenging clinical issue for all health care providers. OPTIONS This guideline reviews the use of screening tools, general approach to care, and recommendations for the clinical management of problematic substance use in pregnancy. OUTCOMES Evidence-based recommendations for screening and management of problematic substance use during pregnancy and lactation. EVIDENCE Updates in the literature were retrieved through searches of Medline, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library published from 1996 to 2016 using the following key words: pregnancy, electronic cigarettes, tobacco use cessation products, buprenorphine, and methadone. Results were initially restricted to systematic reviews and RCTs/controlled clinical trials. A subsequent search for observational studies was also conducted because there are few RCTs in this field of study. Articles were restricted to human studies published in English. Additional articles were located by hand searching through article reference lists. VALUES The quality of evidence was rated using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Recommendations for practice were ranked according to the method described in that report. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS This guideline is intended to increase the knowledge and comfort level of health care providers caring for pregnant women who have substance use disorders. Improved access to health care and assistance with appropriate addiction care lead to reduced health care costs and decreased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. RECOMMENDATIONS
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Wang Y, Wang L, Zhu Y, Qin J. Human brain organoid-on-a-chip to model prenatal nicotine exposure. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:851-860. [PMID: 29437173 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine has been recognized to trigger various neuronal disabilities in the fetal brain and long-lasting behavioral deficits in offspring. However, further understanding of fetal brain development under nicotine exposure is challenging due to the limitations of existing animal models. Here, we create a new brain organoid-on-a-chip system derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that allows us to model neurodevelopmental disorders under prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) at early stages. The brain organoid-on-a-chip system facilitates 3D culture, in situ neural differentiation, and self-organization of brain organoids under continuous perfused cultures in a controlled manner. The generated brain organoids displayed well-defined neural differentiation, regionalization, and cortical organization, which recapitulates the key features of the early stages of human brain development. The brain organoids exposed to nicotine exhibited premature neuronal differentiation with enhanced expression of the neuron marker TUJ1. Brain regionalization and cortical development were disrupted in the nicotine-treated organoids identified by the expressions of forebrain (PAX6 and FOXG1), hindbrain (PAX2 and KROX20) and cortical neural layer (preplate TBR1 and deep-layer CTIP2) markers. Moreover, the neurite outgrowth showed abnormal neuronal differentiation and migration in nicotine-treated brain organoids. These results suggest that nicotine exposure elicits impaired neurogenesis in early fetal brain development during gestation. The established brain organoid-on-a-chip system provides a promising platform to model neurodevelopmental disorders under environmental exposure, which can be extended for applications in brain disease studies and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
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Dong T, Hu W, Zhou X, Lin H, Lan L, Hang B, Lv W, Geng Q, Xia Y. Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: A meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 76:63-70. [PMID: 29294364 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Some large population-based cohort studies highlighted the risk of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) for children attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the causality of this association is still controversial. Here we performed a meta-analysis trying to clarify the association between prenatal exposure to MSDP and ADHD in offspring. After publication screening, 27 eligible original articles with a total of 3076173 subjects were included. The results showed that either prenatal exposure to MSDP or smoking cessation during first trimester was significantly associated with childhood ADHD after adjusting for parental psychiatric history and social socioeconomic status. Smoking cessation before pregnancy, which was not significantly associated with childhood ADHD, was strongly recommended for female smokers planning to conceive. Inconsistent results were obtained in the meta-analysis on the risk of maternal passive smoking during pregnancy caused by paternal smoking. We also found that risk of MSDP for childhood ADHD varied across geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weiyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiajie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongqing Lin
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liwen Lan
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Hang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wei Lv
- School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Qiang Geng
- School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Bhattacharya D, Majrashi M, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Bloemer J, Fujihashi A, Crump BR, Hightower H, Bhattacharya S, Moore T, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Assessment of the cerebellar neurotoxic effects of nicotine in prenatal alcohol exposure in rats. Life Sci 2017; 194:177-184. [PMID: 29225110 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of prenatal nicotine and alcohol exposure on human reproductive outcomes are a major scientific and public health concern. In the United States, substantial percentage of women (20-25%) of childbearing age currently smoke cigarettes and consume alcohol, and only a small percentage of these individuals quit after learning of their pregnancy. However, there are very few scientific reports on the effect of nicotine in prenatal alcohol exposure on the cerebellum of the offspring. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the cerebellar neurotoxic effects of nicotine in a rodent model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). In this study, we evaluated the behavioral changes, biochemical markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis, mitochondrial functions and the molecular mechanisms associated with nicotine in prenatal alcohol exposure on the cerebellum. Prenatal nicotine and alcohol exposure induced oxidative stress, did not affect the mitochondrial functions, increased the monoamine oxidase activity, increased caspase expression and decreased ILK, PSD-95 and GLUR1 expression without affecting the GSK-3β. Thus, our current study of prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure on cerebellar neurotoxicity may lead to new scientific perceptions and novel and suitable therapeutic actions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Ayaka Fujihashi
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Bailee-Ryan Crump
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Harrison Hightower
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | | | - Timothy Moore
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, USA
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Rosenquist AH, Høyer BB, Julvez J, Sunyer J, Pedersen HS, Lenters V, Jönsson BAG, Bonde JP, Toft G. Prenatal and Postnatal PCB-153 and p, p'-DDE Exposures and Behavior Scores at 5–9 Years of Age among Children in Greenland and Ukraine. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:107002. [PMID: 28974479 PMCID: PMC5933308 DOI: 10.1289/ehp553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported some evidence of adverse effects of organochlorine exposures on child development, but the results have been inconsistent, and few studies have evaluated associations with child behavior. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between prenatal and early-life exposures to 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) and behaviors in children between 5 and 9 y of age. METHODS In the Biopersistent organochlorines in diet and human fertility: Epidemiologic studies of time to pregnancy and semen quality in Inuit and European populations (INUENDO) cohort, consisting of mother-child pairs from Greenland and Ukraine (n=1,018), maternal serum PCB-153 and p,p'-DDE concentrations were measured during pregnancy, and cumulative postnatal exposures during the first 12 months after delivery were estimated using a pharmacokinetic model. Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and children's behaviors were dichotomized as abnormal (high) versus normal/borderline for five SDQ subscales and the total difficulties score. RESULTS The total difficulties score, an overall measure of abnormal behavior, was not clearly associated with pre- or postnatal exposures to PCB-153 or to p,p'-DDE. However, pooled adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for high conduct problem scores with a doubling of exposure were 1.19 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.42) and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.41) for pre- and postnatal PCB-153, respectively, and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.51) and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.51) for pre- and postnatal p,p'-DDE, respectively. Corresponding ORs for high hyperactivity scores were 1.24 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.62) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.45) for pre- and postnatal PCB-153, respectively, and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.92) and 1.27 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.73) for pre- and postnatal p,p'-DDE, respectively. CONCLUSION Prenatal and early postnatal exposures to p,p'-DDE and PCB-153 were associated with a higher prevalence of abnormal scores for conduct and hyperactivity at 5–9 y of age in our study population. These findings provide further support for the importance of minimizing organochlorine exposures to young children and to women of childbearing age. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aske Hess Rosenquist
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgit Bjerre Høyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jordi Julvez
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Virissa Lenters
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bo A G Jönsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
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N o 349 - Consommation de substances psychoactives pendant la grossesse. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2017; 39:938-956.e3. [PMID: 28935058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIFS Accroître la sensibilisation à la consommation problématique de substances psychoactives pendant la grossesse et les connaissances à ce sujet, et formuler des recommandations factuelles relatives à la prise en charge de cet épineux problème clinique à l'intention de l'ensemble des fournisseurs de soins. OPTIONS La présente directive clinique analyse l'utilisation d'outils de dépistage, l'approche générale de soins et les recommandations pour la prise en charge clinique de la consommation problématique de substances psychoactives pendant la grossesse. ISSUES Recommandations factuelles pour le dépistage et la prise en charge de la consommation problématique de substances psychoactives pendant la grossesse et l'allaitement. RECHERCHE DOCUMENTAIRE La littérature à jour a été obtenue au moyen de recherches dans Medline, PubMed et la Bibliothèque Cochrane visant les articles publiés entre 1996 et 2016, avec les mots clés suivants : « pregnancy », « electronic cigarettes », « tobacco use cessation products », « buprenorphine » et « methadone ». Les résultats ont d'abord été restreints aux analyses systématiques, aux ECR et aux essais cliniques contrôlés. Ensuite, en raison de la rareté des ECR sur le sujet, des recherches d'études observationnelles ont également été menées. Les articles sélectionnés ont été limités aux études chez l'humain publiées en anglais, puis d'autres articles ont été trouvés manuellement, par l'analyse des listes de références. VALEURS La qualité des données a été évaluée au moyen des critères énoncés dans le rapport du Groupe d'étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs. Les recommandations visant la pratique ont été classées conformément à la méthode décrite dans ce rapport. AVANTAGES, DéSAVANTAGES ET COûTS: La présente directive clinique a pour but d'améliorer les connaissances et le degré d'aisance des fournisseurs qui dispensent des soins aux femmes enceintes ayant un trouble de l'usage d'une substance. L'amélioration de l'accès aux soins de santé et de l'aide pour obtenir un traitement adéquat de la dépendance fait diminuer les coûts de santé et les taux de morbidité et de mortalité chez la mère et l'enfant. RECOMMANDATIONS.
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Vaivada T, Gaffey MF, Bhutta ZA. Promoting Early Child Development With Interventions in Health and Nutrition: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2016-4308. [PMID: 28771408 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Although effective health and nutrition interventions for reducing child mortality and morbidity exist, direct evidence of effects on cognitive, motor, and psychosocial development is lacking. OBJECTIVE To review existing evidence for health and nutrition interventions affecting direct measures of (and pathways to) early child development. DATA SOURCES Reviews and recent overviews of interventions across the continuum of care and component studies. STUDY SELECTION We selected systematic reviews detailing the effectiveness of health or nutrition interventions that have plausible links to child development and/or contain direct measures of cognitive, motor, and psychosocial development. DATA EXTRACTION A team of reviewers independently extracted data and assessed their quality. RESULTS Sixty systematic reviews contained the outcomes of interest. Various interventions reduced morbidity and improved child growth, but few had direct measures of child development. Of particular benefit were food and micronutrient supplementation for mothers to reduce the risk of small for gestational age and iodine deficiency, strategies to reduce iron deficiency anemia in infancy, and early neonatal care (appropriate resuscitation, delayed cord clamping, and Kangaroo Mother Care). Neuroprotective interventions for imminent preterm birth showed the largest effect sizes (antenatal corticosteroids for developmental delay: risk ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.24 to 1.00; magnesium sulfate for gross motor dysfunction: risk ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.85). LIMITATIONS Given the focus on high-quality studies captured in leading systematic reviews, only effects reported within studies included in systematic reviews were captured. CONCLUSIONS These findings should guide the prioritization and scale-up of interventions within critical periods of early infancy and childhood, and encourage research into their implementation at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Vaivada
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Michelle F Gaffey
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and .,Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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