1
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Gougherty AV, Klapwijk M, Liebhold AM, Mech A, Trombik J, Fei S. Identifying the generalizable controls on insect associations of native and non-native trees. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11265. [PMID: 38742186 PMCID: PMC11089089 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Trees growing outside their native geographic ranges often exhibit exceptional growth and survival due in part to the lack of co-evolved natural enemies that may limit their spread and suppress population growth. While most non-native trees tend to accumulate natural enemies over time, it remains uncertain which host and insect characteristics affect these novel associations and whether novel associations follow patterns of assembly similar to those of native hosts. Here, we used a dataset of insect-host tree associations in Europe to model which native insect species are paired with which native tree species, and then tested the model on its ability to predict which native insects are paired with which non-native trees. We show that native and non-native tree species closely related to known hosts are more likely to be hosts themselves, but that native host geographic range size, insect feeding guild, and sampling effort similarly affect insect associations. Our model had a strong ability to predict which insect species utilize non-native trees as hosts, but evolutionarily isolated tree species posed the greatest challenge to the model. These results demonstrate that insect-host associations can be reliably predicted, regardless of whether insect and host trees have co-evolved, and provide a framework for predicting future pest threats using a select number of easily attainable tree and insect characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maartje Klapwijk
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Andrew M. Liebhold
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Angela Mech
- School of Biology and EcologyUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
| | - Jiří Trombik
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Songlin Fei
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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2
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Fadda LA, Osorio-Olvera L, Ibarra-Juárez LA, Soberón J, Lira-Noriega A. Predicting the dispersal and invasion dynamics of ambrosia beetles through demographic reconstruction and process-explicit modeling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7561. [PMID: 38555364 PMCID: PMC10981740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluating potential routes of invasion of pathogens and vectors of sanitary importance is essential for planning and decision-making at multiple scales. An effective tool are process-explicit models that allow coupling environmental, demographic and dispersal information to evaluate population growth and range dynamics as a function of the abiotic conditions in a region. In this work we simulate multiple dispersal/invasion routes in Mexico that could be taken by ambrosia beetles and a specific symbiont, Harringtonia lauricola, responsible for a severe epiphytic of Lauraceae in North America. We used Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff 1868 as a study subject and estimated its demography in the laboratory in a temperature gradient (17, 20, 26, 29, 35 °C), which we then used to parameterize a process-based model to estimate its metapopulation dynamics. The maximum intrinsic growth rate of X. bispinatus is 0.13 with a thermal optimum of 26.2 °C. The models suggest important regions for the establishment and dispersal the states of Veracruz, Chiapas and Oaxaca (high host and secondary vectors diversity), the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (connectivity region), and Michoacán and Jalisco (important avocado plantations). The use of hybrid process-based models is a promising tool to refine the predictions applied to the study of biological invasions and species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Fadda
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, C. P. 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Luis Osorio-Olvera
- Laboratorio de Ecoinformática de la Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.
- Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Biología del Cambio Climático, CONAHCyT, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Luis A Ibarra-Juárez
- Instituto de Ecología A.C., Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Jorge Soberón
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- Instituto de Ecología A.C., Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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3
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Williams GM, Ginzel MD, Ma Z, Adams DC, Campbell F, Lovett GM, Pildain MB, Raffa KF, Gandhi KJK, Santini A, Sniezko RA, Wingfield MJ, Bonello P. The Global Forest Health Crisis: A Public-Good Social Dilemma in Need of International Collective Action. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:377-401. [PMID: 37253697 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021722-024626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Society is confronted by interconnected threats to ecological sustainability. Among these is the devastation of forests by destructive non-native pathogens and insects introduced through global trade, leading to the loss of critical ecosystem services and a global forest health crisis. We argue that the forest health crisis is a public-good social dilemma and propose a response framework that incorporates principles of collective action. This framework enables scientists to better engage policymakers and empowers the public to advocate for proactive biosecurity and forest health management. Collective action in forest health features broadly inclusive stakeholder engagement to build trust and set goals; accountability for destructive pest introductions; pooled support for weakest-link partners; and inclusion of intrinsic and nonmarket values of forest ecosystems in risk assessment. We provide short-term and longer-term measures that incorporate the above principles to shift the societal and ecological forest health paradigm to a more resilient state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Williams
- International Programs, US Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Lansing, Michigan, USA;
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew D Ginzel
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Damian C Adams
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Faith Campbell
- Center for Invasive Species Prevention, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gary M Lovett
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA
| | - María Belén Pildain
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Kenneth F Raffa
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kamal J K Gandhi
- D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Alberto Santini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Richard A Sniezko
- Dorena Genetic Resource Center, US Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cottage Grove, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pierluigi Bonello
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
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4
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Franić I, Allan E, Prospero S, Adamson K, Attorre F, Auger-Rozenberg MA, Augustin S, Avtzis D, Baert W, Barta M, Bauters K, Bellahirech A, Boroń P, Bragança H, Brestovanská T, Brurberg MB, Burgess T, Burokienė D, Cleary M, Corley J, Coyle DR, Csóka G, Černý K, Davydenko K, de Groot M, Diez JJ, Doğmuş Lehtijärvi HT, Drenkhan R, Edwards J, Elsafy M, Eötvös CB, Falko R, Fan J, Feddern N, Fürjes-Mikó Á, Gossner MM, Grad B, Hartmann M, Havrdova L, Kádasi Horáková M, Hrabětová M, Justesen MJ, Kacprzyk M, Kenis M, Kirichenko N, Kovač M, Kramarets V, Lacković N, Lantschner MV, Lazarević J, Leskiv M, Li H, Madsen CL, Malumphy C, Matošević D, Matsiakh I, May TW, Meffert J, Migliorini D, Nikolov C, O'Hanlon R, Oskay F, Paap T, Parpan T, Piškur B, Ravn HP, Richard J, Ronse A, Roques A, Ruffner B, Santini A, Sivickis K, Soliani C, Talgø V, Tomoshevich M, Uimari A, Ulyshen M, Vettraino AM, Villari C, Wang Y, Witzell J, Zlatković M, Eschen R. Climate, host and geography shape insect and fungal communities of trees. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11570. [PMID: 37463904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are likely to alter relationships between trees and tree-associated organisms with consequences for forest health. To understand and predict such changes, factors structuring tree-associated communities need to be determined. Here, we analysed the data consisting of records of insects and fungi collected from dormant twigs from 155 tree species at 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries. Generalized dissimilarity models revealed similar relative importance of studied climatic, host-related and geographic factors on differences in tree-associated communities. Mean annual temperature, phylogenetic distance between hosts and geographic distance between locations were the major drivers of dissimilarities. The increasing importance of high temperatures on differences in studied communities indicate that climate change could affect tree-associated organisms directly and indirectly through host range shifts. Insect and fungal communities were more similar between closely related vs. distant hosts suggesting that host range shifts may facilitate the emergence of new pests. Moreover, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance indicating that human-mediated transport may serve as a pathway of the introductions of new pests. The results of this study highlight the need to limit the establishment of tree pests and increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to changes in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Franić
- CABI, Delémont, Switzerland.
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Prospero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fabio Attorre
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Avtzis
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Wim Baert
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
| | - Marek Barta
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Amani Bellahirech
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Piotr Boroń
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Helena Bragança
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I. P. (INIAV I. P.), Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tereza Brestovanská
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - May Bente Brurberg
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- NMBU-Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Daiva Burokienė
- Institute of Botany at the Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Michelle Cleary
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Juan Corley
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - David R Coyle
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - György Csóka
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Karel Černý
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateryna Davydenko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Julio Javier Diez
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, Palencia, Spain
- Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
| | | | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jacqueline Edwards
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Agribio Centre, Bundoora, Vic, Australia
| | - Mohammed Elsafy
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Csaba Béla Eötvös
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Roman Falko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Mountain Forestry, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Jianting Fan
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nina Feddern
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bartłomiej Grad
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ludmila Havrdova
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Hrabětová
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Mathias Just Justesen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Kacprzyk
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Kirichenko
- Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Marta Kovač
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | | | | | - Maria Victoria Lantschner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jelena Lazarević
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | | | - Corrie Lynne Madsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris Malumphy
- Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-food Innovation Campus, York, UK
| | | | - Iryna Matsiakh
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Tom W May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Johan Meffert
- National Plant Protection Organisation, Netherlands Food and Consumers Product Safety Authority, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Duccio Migliorini
- National Research Council C.N.R., Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Christo Nikolov
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | | | - Funda Oskay
- Faculty of Forestry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Trudy Paap
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Taras Parpan
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Mountain Forestry, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Hans Peter Ravn
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Richard
- Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), Lushoto, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Beat Ruffner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Santini
- National Research Council C.N.R., Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Karolis Sivickis
- Institute of Botany at the Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Carolina Soliani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Venche Talgø
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Maria Tomoshevich
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anne Uimari
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Michael Ulyshen
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Caterina Villari
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yongjun Wang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Johanna Witzell
- Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Milica Zlatković
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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5
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Dong Y, Gao J, Hulcr J. Insect wood borers on commercial North American tree species growing in China: review of Chinese peer-review and grey literature. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023:7135596. [PMID: 37083727 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Invasive insect wood borers are a threat to global forests and tree-related industries as they can damage trees and spread plant pathogens. Reports of damages by wood borers on plants that were planted overseas may facilitate the identification of potential invaders and speed up risk assessment. However, much of this information remains unavailable to the international plant protection community due to language barriers, lack of digitization, or limited circulation of regional literature. Here, we investigated reports of wood borers on 7 important North American commercial tree species planted in China (Carya illinoinensis, Liquidambar styraciflua, Pinus elliottii, Pinus taeda, Quercus texana, Quercus rubra, and Quercus virginiana) in peer-reviewed as well as "grey" (nonpeer-reviewed) Chinese literature. A total of 60 unique wood borer records were found, yielding reports of 4 orders, 39 genera, and 44 species of insect wood borers. Among Coleoptera, longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae) were the most commonly reported colonizers of North American trees in China. Chinese peer-reviewed reports of pests on alien plants are a valuable tool to survey for potential wood-boring invaders of North America, and wherever North American trees are planted and have the potential to encounter Asian invasive insects. Digitization and dissemination of non-English literature are essential for contemporary risk assessment. On the other hand, the nonpeer reviewed "grey" literature, primarily agency reports and student theses, provided only 5% of the records; many incidental observations were unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Dong
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Jie Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
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6
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Uden DR, Mech AM, Havill NP, Schulz AN, Ayres MP, Herms DA, Hoover AM, Gandhi KJK, Hufbauer RA, Liebhold AM, Marsico TD, Raffa KF, Thomas KA, Tobin PC, Allen CR. Phylogenetic risk assessment is robust for forecasting the impact of European insects on North American conifers. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2761. [PMID: 36218183 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Some introduced species cause severe damage, although the majority have little impact. Robust predictions of which species are most likely to cause substantial impacts could focus efforts to mitigate those impacts or prevent certain invasions entirely. Introduced herbivorous insects can reduce crop yield, fundamentally alter natural and managed forest ecosystems, and are unique among invasive species in that they require certain host plants to succeed. Recent studies have demonstrated that understanding the evolutionary history of introduced herbivores and their host plants can provide robust predictions of impact. Specifically, divergence times between hosts in the native and introduced ranges of a nonnative insect can be used to predict the potential impact of the insect should it establish in a novel ecosystem. However, divergence time estimates vary among published phylogenetic datasets, making it crucial to understand if and how the choice of phylogeny affects prediction of impact. Here, we tested the robustness of impact prediction to variation in host phylogeny by using insects that feed on conifers and predicting the likelihood of high impact using four different published phylogenies. Our analyses ranked 62 insects that are not established in North America and 47 North American conifer species according to overall risk and vulnerability, respectively. We found that results were robust to the choice of phylogeny. Although published vascular plant phylogenies continue to be refined, our analysis indicates that those differences are not substantial enough to alter the predictions of invader impact. Our results can assist in focusing biosecurity programs for conifer pests and can be more generally applied to nonnative insects and their potential hosts by prioritizing surveillance for those insects most likely to be damaging invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Uden
- School of Natural Resources, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Angela M Mech
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Nathan P Havill
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hamden, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ashley N Schulz
- Department of Agricultural Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Matthew P Ayres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Angela M Hoover
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kamal J K Gandhi
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ruth A Hufbauer
- Department of Agricultural Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew M Liebhold
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Travis D Marsico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kenneth F Raffa
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathryn A Thomas
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Patrick C Tobin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Craig R Allen
- School of Natural Resources, Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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7
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Robles-Fernández ÁL, Santiago-Alarcon D, Lira-Noriega A. Wildlife susceptibility to infectious diseases at global scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122851119. [PMID: 35994656 PMCID: PMC9436312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122851119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease transmission prediction across wildlife is crucial for risk assessment of emerging infectious diseases. Susceptibility of host species to pathogens is influenced by the geographic, environmental, and phylogenetic context of the specific system under study. We used machine learning to analyze how such variables influence pathogen incidence for multihost pathogen assemblages, including one of direct transmission (coronaviruses and bats) and two vector-borne systems (West Nile Virus [WNV] and birds, and malaria and birds). Here we show that this methodology is able to provide reliable global spatial susceptibility predictions for the studied host-pathogen systems, even when using a small amount of incidence information (i.e., [Formula: see text] of information in a database). We found that avian malaria was mostly affected by environmental factors and by an interaction between phylogeny and geography, and WNV susceptibility was mostly influenced by phylogeny and by the interaction between geographic and environmental distances, whereas coronavirus susceptibility was mostly affected by geography. This approach will help to direct surveillance and field efforts providing cost-effective decisions on where to invest limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel L. Robles-Fernández
- Facultad de Física, Universidad Veracruzana, 91000 Xalapa, México
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | | | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., 91073 Xalapa, México
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8
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Mipam TD, Chen F, Tian L, Zhang P, Huang M, Chen L, Wang X, Zhang P, Lin Z, Liu X. Plant community-mediated effects of grazing on plant diseases. Oecologia 2022; 199:897-905. [PMID: 35907123 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Grazing is one of the most important management practices for grasslands. To date, most studies on how grazing affects plant diseases have focused on a single plant species, ignoring plant community characteristics and phylogeny. We used data from a 6-year yak grazing experiment (0, 1, 2, and 3 yak(s) ha - 1 treatment) in an alpine meadow ecosystem of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, from which we tested grazing effects on foliar fungal diseases at both population and community levels. By measuring plant community variables (including richness, evenness, phylogenetic diversity, and composition) and disease severity, we evaluated the relative importance of plant community-mediated effects of yak grazing on community pathogen load with a multi-model inference approach. We found significant differences in pathogen load among different grazing treatments; we recorded the highest and lowest pathogen loads in the 1 yak ha - 1 treatment and in the 3 yaks ha - 1 treatment, respectively. Pielou's evenness index and community proneness (i.e., an estimate of the capacity of plant communities to support diseases) best explained variation in pathogen load, indicating that plant community-mediated effects (through evenness and proneness) of yak grazing determined pathogen load. Our study provides empirical evidence that grazing influences foliar fungal disease prevalence through plant community evenness and composition, which demonstrates the necessity of incorporating host plant community characteristics into disease load prediction frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tserang Donko Mipam
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Tian
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifan Chen
- School of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Rai A, Sivalingam PN, Senthil-Kumar M. A spotlight on non-host resistance to plant viruses. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12996. [PMID: 35382007 PMCID: PMC8977066 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses encounter a range of host defenses including non-host resistance (NHR), leading to the arrest of virus replication and movement in plants. Viruses have limited host ranges, and adaptation to a new host is an atypical phenomenon. The entire genotypes of plant species which are imperceptive to every single isolate of a genetically variable virus species are described as non-hosts. NHR is the non-specific resistance manifested by an innately immune non-host due to pre-existing and inducible defense responses, which cannot be evaded by yet-to-be adapted plant viruses. NHR-to-plant viruses are widespread, but the phenotypic variation is often not detectable within plant species. Therefore, molecular and genetic mechanisms of NHR need to be systematically studied to enable exploitation in crop protection. This article comprehensively describes the possible mechanisms of NHR against plant viruses. Also, the previous definition of NHR to plant viruses is insufficient, and the main aim of this article is to sensitize plant pathologists to the existence of NHR to plant viruses and to highlight the need for immediate and elaborate research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanish Rai
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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10
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Gougherty AV, Davies TJ. Towards a phylogenetic ecology of plant pests and pathogens. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200359. [PMID: 34538142 PMCID: PMC8450633 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-pathogens and insect pests, hereafter pests, play an important role in structuring ecological communities, yet both native and introduced pests impose significant pressure on wild and managed systems, and pose a threat to food security. Global changes in climate and land use, and transportation of plants and pests around the globe are likely to further increase the range, frequency and severity of pest outbreaks in the future. Thus, there is a critical need to expand on current ecological theory to address these challenges. Here, we outline a phylogenetic framework for the study of plant and pest interactions. In plants, a growing body of work has suggested that evolutionary relatedness, phylogeny, strongly structures plant-pest associations-from pest host breadths and impacts, to their establishment and spread in new regions. Understanding the phylogenetic dimensions of plant-pest associations will help to inform models of invasive species spread, disease and pest risk in crops, and emerging pest outbreaks in native plant communities-which will have important implications for protecting food security and biodiversity into the future. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V. Gougherty
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T. Jonathan Davies
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
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11
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Gougherty AV, Davies TJ. Host phylogenetic diversity predicts the global extent and composition of tree pests. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:101-112. [PMID: 34719086 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tree pests cause billions of dollars of damage annually; yet, we know little about what limits their regional composition and distribution. Here, we model the co-occurrence of 4510 pests and 981 tree host genera spread across 233 countries. We show the composition of tree pests is primarily driven by the phylogenetic composition of host trees, whereas effects of climate and geography tend to be more minor. Pests that utilise many hosts tend to be more widespread; however, most pests do not fill the geographic range of their hosts-indicating that many pests could expand their extents if able to overcome barriers limiting their current distribution. Our results suggest that the establishment of pests in new regions may be largely dictated by the presence of suitable host trees, but more work is needed to fully understand the influences climate has on the distributions of individual pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Gougherty
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Jonathan Davies
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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He J, Chen K, Jiang F, Pan X. Host shifts in economically significant fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) with high degree of polyphagy. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13692-13701. [PMID: 34707811 PMCID: PMC8525164 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects tend to feed on related hosts. Coevolution tends to be dominated by interactions resulting from plant chemistry in defense strategies, and evolution of secondary metabolisms being in response to insect herbivory remains a classic explanation of coevolution. The present study examines whether evolutionary constraints existing in host associations of economically important fruit flies in the species-rich tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to what extent these species have evolved specialized dietary patterns. We found a strong effect of host phylogeny on associations on the 37 fruit flies tested, although the fruit fly species feeding on ripe commercially grown fruits that lost the toxic compounds after long-term domestication are mostly polyphagous. We assessed the phylogenetic signal of host breadth across the fruit fly species, showing that the results were substantially different depending on partition levels. Further, we mapped main host family associations onto the fruit fly phylogeny and Cucurbitaceae has been inferred as the most likely ancestral host family for Dacini based on ancestral state reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao He
- Institute of Plant Inspection and QuarantineChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineBeijing100176China
| | - Ke Chen
- Institute of Plant Inspection and QuarantineChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineBeijing100176China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Institute of Plant Inspection and QuarantineChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineBeijing100176China
| | - Xubin Pan
- Institute of Plant Inspection and QuarantineChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineBeijing100176China
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13
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Hopley T, Webber BL, Raghu S, Morin L, Byrne M. Revealing the Introduction History and Phylogenetic Relationships of Passiflora foetida sensu lato in Australia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:651805. [PMID: 34394135 PMCID: PMC8358147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Genomic analysis can be a valuable tool to assistmanagement of non-native invasive species, through determining source and number of introductions as well as clarifying phylogenetic relationships. Here, we used whole chloroplast sequencing to investigate the introduction history of Passiflora foetida sensu lato in Australia and clarify its relationship with other Passiflora species present. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome data identified three separate genetic lineages of P. foetida s. l. present in Australia, indicating multiple introductions. These lineages had affinities to samples from three separate areas within the native range in Central and South America that represented phylogenetically distinct lineages. These results provide a basis for a targeted search of the native range of P. foetida s. l. for candidate biological control agents that have co-evolved with this species and are thus better adapted to the lineages that are present in Australia. Results also indicated that the Passiflora species native to Australia are in a separate clade to that of P. foetida s. l. and other introduced Passiflora species cultivated in Australia. This knowledge is important to assess the likelihood of finding biological control agents for P. foetida s. l. that will be sufficiently host-specific for introduction in Australia. As P. foetida s. l. is a widespread non-native invasive species across many regions of the world, outcomes from this work highlight the importance of first evaluating the specific entities present in a country before the initiation of a biological control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Hopley
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
| | - Bruce L. Webber
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Biodiversity Science Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S. Raghu
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Louise Morin
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
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14
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Spear ER, Broders KD. Host-generalist fungal pathogens of seedlings may maintain forest diversity via host-specific impacts and differential susceptibility among tree species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:460-474. [PMID: 33794003 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Host-specialized pathogens are credited with the maintenance of tropical forest diversity under the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Yet, in diverse forests, selection may favor pathogens with broad host ranges, given their passive dispersal and the relative rarity of tree species. We surveyed the host associations of potential pathogens isolated from symptomatic seedlings in forests in Panama and used inoculations to assess the pathogenicity and host ranges of 27 fungal isolates, and differences among tree species in susceptibility. Thirty-one of the 33 nonsingleton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) isolated from seedlings are multi-host. All 31 multi-host OTUs exhibit low to moderate specialization, and we observed phylogenetically overdispersed host use for 19 OTUs. The pathogenicity of 10 isolates was experimentally confirmed; nine caused disease in seedlings in multiple families. However, the outcome of infection differs among tree species susceptible to a given multi-host pathogen. Furthermore, some tree species were seemingly resistant to all fungi tested, while others were susceptible to multiple fungi. Tree species adapted to environments with lower disease pressure were most likely to exhibit disease. Our results suggest that generalist pathogens contribute to the maintenance of local and regional forest diversity via host-specific impacts and the exclusion of disease-sensitive trees from disease-prone habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Spear
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Kirk D Broders
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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15
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Luong JC, Holl KD, Loik ME. Leaf traits and phylogeny explain plant survival and community dynamics in response to extreme drought in a restored coastal grassland. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Luong
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Karen D. Holl
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Michael E. Loik
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
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16
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Benítez-Malvido J, Rodríguez-Alvarado G, Álvarez-Añorve M, Ávila-Cabadilla LD, del-Val E, Lira-Noriega A, Gregorio-Cipriano R. Antagonistic Interactions Between Fusaria Species and Their Host Plants Are Influenced by Host Taxonomic Distance: A Case Study From Mexico. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.615857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between cultivated and wild plants with their fungal pathogens have strong ecological, evolutionary and economic implications. Antagonistic interactions, however, have been scantily studied in an applied context by using ecological networks, phylogeny and spatial ecology concurrently. In this study, we describe for the first time, the topological structure of plant-fungi networks involving species of the genus Fusarium and their native and introduced (exotic) cultivated host plants in Mexico. For this, we based our study on a recent database describing the attack on 75 native and introduced plant species, including 35 species of the genus Fusarium. Host plant species varied in their degree of phylogenetical relatedness (Monocots and Dicots) and spatial geographical distribution. Therefore, we also tested whether or not plant-Fusarium networks are phylogenetically structured and highlighted the spatial correlation between pathogens and their host plants across the country. In general, the pathogen-plant network is more specialized and compartmentalized in closely related taxa. Closely related hosts are more likely to share the same pathogenic Fusarium species. Host plants are present in different ecosystems and climates, with regions having more cultivated plant species presenting the highest number of fusaria pathogens. From an economic standpoint, different species of the same taxonomic family may be more susceptible to being attacked by the same species of Fusarium, whereas from an ecological standpoint the movement of pathogens may expose wild and cultivated plants to new diseases. Our study highlights the relevance of interaction intimacy in structuring trophic relationships between plants and fusaria species in native and introduced species. Furthermore, we show that the analytical tools regarding host distribution and phylogeny could permit a rapid assessment of which plant species in a region are most likely to be attacked by a given fusaria.
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17
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Sacristán S, Goss EM, Eves-van den Akker S. How Do Pathogens Evolve Novel Virulence Activities? MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:576-586. [PMID: 33522842 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-20-0258-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI invited review series.We consider the state of knowledge on pathogen evolution of novel virulence activities, broadly defined as anything that increases pathogen fitness with the consequence of causing disease in either the qualitative or quantitative senses, including adaptation of pathogens to host immunity and physiology, host species, genotypes, or tissues, or the environment. The evolution of novel virulence activities as an adaptive trait is based on the selection exerted by hosts on variants that have been generated de novo or arrived from elsewhere. In addition, the biotic and abiotic environment a pathogen experiences beyond the host may influence pathogen virulence activities. We consider host-pathogen evolution, host range expansion, and external factors that can mediate pathogen evolution. We then discuss the mechanisms by which pathogens generate and recombine the genetic variation that leads to novel virulence activities, including DNA point mutation, transposable element activity, gene duplication and neofunctionalization, and genetic exchange. In summary, if there is an (epi)genetic mechanism that can create variation in the genome, it will be used by pathogens to evolve virulence factors. Our knowledge of virulence evolution has been biased by pathogen evolution in response to major gene resistance, leaving other virulence activities underexplored. Understanding the key driving forces that give rise to novel virulence activities and the integration of evolutionary concepts and methods with mechanistic research on plant-microbe interactions can help inform crop protection.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Erica M Goss
- Department of Plant Pathology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
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18
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Lynch SC, Eskalen A, Gilbert GS. Host evolutionary relationships explain tree mortality caused by a generalist pest-pathogen complex. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1083-1094. [PMID: 33897822 PMCID: PMC8061262 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic signal of transmissibility (competence) and attack severity among hosts of generalist pests is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the phylogenetic effects on hosts differentially affected by an emergent generalist beetle-pathogen complex in California and South Africa. Host types (non-competent, competent and killed-competent) are based on nested types of outcomes of interactions between host plants, the beetles and the fungal pathogens. Phylogenetic dispersion analysis of each host type revealed that the phylogenetic preferences of beetle attack and fungal growth were a nonrandom subset of all available tree and shrub species. Competent hosts were phylogenetically narrower by 62 Myr than the set of all potential hosts, and those with devastating impacts were the most constrained by 107 Myr. Our results show a strong phylogenetic signal in the relative effects of a generalist pest-pathogen complex on host species, demonstrating that the strength of multi-host pest impacts in plants can be predicted by host evolutionary relationships. This study presents a unifying theoretical approach to identifying likely disease outcomes across multiple host-pest combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Colleen Lynch
- Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
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19
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Molina-Venegas R, Rodríguez MÁ, Pardo-de-Santayana M, Ronquillo C, Mabberley DJ. Maximum levels of global phylogenetic diversity efficiently capture plant services for humankind. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:583-588. [PMID: 33782579 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The divergent nature of evolution suggests that securing the human benefits that are directly provided by biodiversity may require counting on disparate lineages of the Tree of Life. However, quantitative evidence supporting this claim is still tenuous. Here, we draw on a global review of plant-use records demonstrating that maximum levels of phylogenetic diversity capture significantly greater numbers of plant-use records than random selection of taxa. Our study establishes an empirical foundation that links evolutionary history to human wellbeing, and it will serve as a discussion baseline to promote better-grounded accounts of the services that are directly provided by biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Molina-Venegas
- GLoCEE - Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Miguel Á Rodríguez
- GLoCEE - Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana
- Department of Biology (Botany), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Centre in Biodiversity and Global Change (CIBC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ronquillo
- GLoCEE - Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - David J Mabberley
- Wadham College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Institute of Botanical Science (National Herbarium of New South Wales), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Robles-Fernández ÁL, Santiago-Alarcon D, Lira-Noriega A. American Mammals Susceptibility to Dengue According to Geographical, Environmental, and Phylogenetic Distances. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:604560. [PMID: 33778034 PMCID: PMC7987674 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.604560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human emergent and re-emergent diseases have a sylvatic cycle. Yet, little effort has been put into discovering and modeling the wild mammal reservoirs of dengue (DENV), particularly in the Americas. Here, we show a species-level susceptibility prediction to dengue of wild mammals in the Americas as a function of the three most important biodiversity dimensions (ecological, geographical, and phylogenetic spaces), using machine learning protocols. Model predictions showed that different species of bats would be highly susceptible to DENV infections, where susceptibility mostly depended on phylogenetic relationships among hosts and their environmental requirement. Mammal species predicted as highly susceptible coincide with sets of species that have been reported infected in field studies, but it also suggests other species that have not been previously considered or that have been captured in low numbers. Also, the environment (i.e., the distance between the species' optima in bioclimatic dimensions) in combination with geographic and phylogenetic distance is highly relevant in predicting susceptibility to DENV in wild mammals. Our results agree with previous modeling efforts indicating that temperature is an important factor determining DENV transmission, and provide novel insights regarding other relevant factors and the importance of considering wild reservoirs. This modeling framework will aid in the identification of potential DENV reservoirs for future surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Red de Estudios Molecualres Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Mexico
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21
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Franić I, Eschen R, Allan E, Hartmann M, Schneider S, Prospero S. Drivers of richness and community composition of fungal endophytes of tree seeds. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5894911. [PMID: 32815990 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed a high diversity of fungal endophytes in traded tree seeds, including potential plant pathogens. The factors determining richness and composition of seed mycobiomes are poorly understood, but might be an important determinant for tree health. We assessed the relative impact of host identity, site, several site-specific environmental factors, and whether the host was sampled in its native or non-native distribution range, on the richness and composition of fungal seed endophytes of nine tree species across 15 sites in Europe and North America. Our results show that fungal richness was affected by host identity, but not by environmental variables or host distribution range. Fungal community composition was primarily driven by host identity, and to a lesser extent by environment. Around 25% of the 2147 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were generalists appearing on both continents and in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. Around 63% of the ASVs appeared in only gymnosperms or angiosperms, and 33% of the ASVs were associated with a single host species, while none were found in all tree species. Our results suggest that although seed trade might facilitate movements of fungi, their establishment and spread in the new environment might be limited by host availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Franić
- CABI, CH-2800 Delémont, Switzerland.,Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Salome Schneider
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Simone Prospero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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22
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Host plant environmental filtering drives foliar fungal community assembly in symptomatic leaves. Oecologia 2021; 195:737-749. [PMID: 33582871 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Foliar fungi (defined as all fungal species in leaves after surface sterilization; hereafter, 'FF') are of great importance to host plant growth and health, and can also affect ecosystem functioning. Despite this importance, few studies have explicitly examined the role of host filtering in shaping local FF communities, and we know little about the differences of FF community assembly between symptomatic (caused by fungal pathogens) and asymptomatic leaves, and whether there is phylogenetic congruence between host plants and FF. We examined FF communities from 25 host plant species (for each species, symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves, respectively) in an alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau using MiSeq sequencing of ITS1 gene biomarkers. We evaluated the phylogenetic congruence of FF-plant interactions based on cophylogenetic analysis, and examined α- and β-phylogenetic diversity indices of the FF communities. We found strong support for phylogenetic congruence between host plants and FF for both asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves, and a host-caused filter appears to play a major role in shaping FF communities. Most importantly, we provided independent lines of evidence that host environmental filtering (caused by fungal infections) outweighs competitive exclusion in driving FF community assembly in symptomatic leaves. Our results help strengthen the foundation of FF community assembly by demonstrating the importance of host environmental filtering in driving FF community assembly.
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Barwell LJ, Perez-Sierra A, Henricot B, Harris A, Burgess TI, Hardy G, Scott P, Williams N, Cooke DEL, Green S, Chapman DS, Purse BV. Evolutionary trait-based approaches for predicting future global impacts of plant pathogens in the genus Phytophthora. J Appl Ecol 2020; 58:718-730. [PMID: 33883780 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens are introduced to new geographical regions ever more frequently as global connectivity increases. Predicting the threat they pose to plant health can be difficult without in-depth knowledge of behaviour, distribution and spread. Here, we evaluate the potential for using biological traits and phylogeny to predict global threats from emerging pathogens.We use a species-level trait database and phylogeny for 179 Phytophthora species: oomycete pathogens impacting natural, agricultural, horticultural and forestry settings. We compile host and distribution reports for Phytophthora species across 178 countries and evaluate the power of traits, phylogeny and time since description (reflecting species-level knowledge) to explain and predict their international transport, maximum latitude and host breadth using Bayesian phylogenetic generalised linear mixed models.In the best-performing models, traits, phylogeny and time since description together explained up to 90%, 97% and 87% of variance in number of countries reached, latitudinal limits and host range, respectively. Traits and phylogeny together explained up to 26%, 41% and 34% of variance in the number of countries reached, maximum latitude and host plant families affected, respectively, but time since description had the strongest effect.Root-attacking species were reported in more countries, and on more host plant families than foliar-attacking species. Host generalist pathogens had thicker-walled resting structures (stress-tolerant oospores) and faster growth rates at their optima. Cold-tolerant species are reported in more countries and at higher latitudes, though more accurate interspecific empirical data are needed to confirm this finding. Policy implications. We evaluate the potential of an evolutionary trait-based framework to support horizon-scanning approaches for identifying pathogens with greater potential for global-scale impacts. Potential future threats from Phytophthora include Phytophthora x heterohybrida, P. lactucae, P. glovera, P. x incrassata, P. amnicola and P. aquimorbida, which are recently described, possibly under-reported species, with similar traits and/or phylogenetic proximity to other high-impact species. Priority traits to measure for emerging species may be thermal minima, oospore wall index and growth rate at optimum temperature. Trait-based horizon-scanning approaches would benefit from the development of international and cross-sectoral collaborations to deliver centralised databases incorporating pathogen distributions, traits and phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Treena I Burgess
- Phytophthora Science and Management Centre for Climate Impacted Terrestrial Ecosystems Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University Murdoch Australia
| | - Giles Hardy
- Phytophthora Science and Management Centre for Climate Impacted Terrestrial Ecosystems Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University Murdoch Australia
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Green
- Forest Research Northern Research Station Roslin UK
| | - Daniel S Chapman
- Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
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Francioli D, van Ruijven J, Bakker L, Mommer L. Drivers of total and pathogenic soil-borne fungal communities in grassland plant species. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Tayeh C, Guinehut D, Lê Van A, Deguercy X, Tassus X, Gachet E, Manceau C. BiOR2: when pest risk assessment meets computer-based multicriteria analysis for plant pest ranking and management. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Phylogenetic escape from pests reduces pesticides on some crop plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26849-26853. [PMID: 33046649 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013751117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are a ubiquitous component of conventional crop production but come with considerable economic and ecological costs. We tested the hypothesis that variation in pesticide use among crop species is a function of crop economics and the phylogenetic relationship of a crop to native plants because unrelated crops accrue fewer herbivores and pathogens. Comparative analyses of a dataset of 93 Californian crops showed that more valuable crops and crops with close relatives in the native plant flora received greater pesticide use, explaining roughly half of the variance in pesticide use among crops against pathogens and herbivores. Phylogenetic escape from arthropod and pathogen pests results in lower pesticides, suggesting that the introduced status of some crops can be leveraged to reduce pesticides.
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Dáttilo W, Barrozo-Chávez N, Lira-Noriega A, Guevara R, Villalobos F, Santiago-Alarcon D, Neves FS, Izzo T, Ribeiro SP. Species-level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1754-1765. [PMID: 32198927 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, most studies have described the organization of host-parasite interaction networks by considering only few host groups at limited geographical extents. However, host-parasite relationships are merged within different taxonomic groups and factors shaping these interactions likely differ between host and parasite groups, making group-level differences important to better understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of these interactive communities. Here we used a dataset of 629 ectoparasite species and 251 species of terrestrial mammals, comprising 10 orders distributed across the Nearctic and Neotropical regions of Mexico to assess the species-level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas. Specifically, we evaluated whether body weight, geographical range size and within-range mammal species richness (i.e. diversity field) predict mammal ectoparasite species richness (i.e. degree centrality) and their closeness centrality within the mammal-ectoparasite network. In addition, we also tested if the observed patterns differ among mammal orders and if taxonomic closely related host mammals could more likely share the same set of ectoparasites. We found that ectoparasite species richness of small mammals (mainly rodents) with large proportional range sizes was high compared to large-bodied mammals, whereas the diversity field of mammals had no predictive value (except for bats). We also observed that taxonomic proximity was a main determinant of the probability to share ectoparasite species. Specifically, the probability to share ectoparasites in congeneric species reached up to 90% and decreased exponentially as the taxonomic distance increased. Further, we also detected that some ectoparasites are generalists and capable to infect mammalian species across different orders and that rodents have a remarkable role in the network structure, being closely connected to many other taxa. Hence, because many rodent species have synanthropic habits they could act as undesired reservoirs of disease agents for humans and urban animals. Considering the reported worldwide phenomenon of the proliferation of rodents accompanying the demographic decrease or even local extinction of large-bodied mammal species, these organisms may already be an increasing health threat in many regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Nathalia Barrozo-Chávez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Guevara
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Diego Santiago-Alarcon
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Frederico Siqueira Neves
- Departamento de Genética, Ecología e Evoluçã, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Izzo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecohealth, Ecologia de Insetos de Dossel e Sucessão Natural, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Kolp M, Double ML, Fulbright DW, MacDonald WL, Jarosz AM. Spatial and temporal dynamics of the fungal community of chestnut blight cankers on American chestnut (Castanea dentata) in Michigan and Wisconsin. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Novoa A, Richardson DM, Pyšek P, Meyerson LA, Bacher S, Canavan S, Catford JA, Čuda J, Essl F, Foxcroft LC, Genovesi P, Hirsch H, Hui C, Jackson MC, Kueffer C, Le Roux JJ, Measey J, Mohanty NP, Moodley D, Müller-Schärer H, Packer JG, Pergl J, Robinson TB, Saul WC, Shackleton RT, Visser V, Weyl OLF, Yannelli FA, Wilson JRU. Invasion syndromes: a systematic approach for predicting biological invasions and facilitating effective management. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractOur ability to predict invasions has been hindered by the seemingly idiosyncratic context-dependency of individual invasions. However, we argue that robust and useful generalisations in invasion science can be made by considering “invasion syndromes” which we define as “a combination of pathways, alien species traits, and characteristics of the recipient ecosystem which collectively result in predictable dynamics and impacts, and that can be managed effectively using specific policy and management actions”. We describe this approach and outline examples that highlight its utility, including: cacti with clonal fragmentation in arid ecosystems; small aquatic organisms introduced through ballast water in harbours; large ranid frogs with frequent secondary transfers; piscivorous freshwater fishes in connected aquatic ecosystems; plant invasions in high-elevation areas; tall-statured grasses; and tree-feeding insects in forests with suitable hosts. We propose a systematic method for identifying and delimiting invasion syndromes. We argue that invasion syndromes can account for the context-dependency of biological invasions while incorporating insights from comparative studies. Adopting this approach will help to structure thinking, identify transferrable risk assessment and management lessons, and highlight similarities among events that were previously considered disparate invasion phenomena.
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Ampoorter E, Barbaro L, Jactel H, Baeten L, Boberg J, Carnol M, Castagneyrol B, Charbonnier Y, Dawud SM, Deconchat M, Smedt PD, Wandeler HD, Guyot V, Hättenschwiler S, Joly F, Koricheva J, Milligan H, Muys B, Nguyen D, Ratcliffe S, Raulund‐Rasmussen K, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, van der Plas F, Keer JV, Verheyen K, Vesterdal L, Allan E. Tree diversity is key for promoting the diversity and abundance of forest‐associated taxa in Europe. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evy Ampoorter
- Forest and Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Dept of Environment, Ghent Univ. Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 BE‐9090 Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
| | - Luc Barbaro
- DYNAFOR, Univ. de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, INPT‐EL PURPAN Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | | | - Lander Baeten
- Forest and Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Dept of Environment, Ghent Univ. Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 BE‐9090 Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
- CESCO, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne‐Univ. Paris France
| | - Johanna Boberg
- Dept of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Monique Carnol
- Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, InBioS, Dept of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Univ. of Liège Liège Belgium
| | | | | | - Seid Muhie Dawud
- Dept of Forestry, College of Agriculture, Wollo Univ. Dessie Ethiopia
| | - Marc Deconchat
- DYNAFOR, Univ. de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, INPT‐EL PURPAN Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Pallieter De Smedt
- Forest and Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Dept of Environment, Ghent Univ. Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 BE‐9090 Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
| | - Hans De Wandeler
- Dept of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Virginie Guyot
- DYNAFOR, Univ. de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, INPT‐EL PURPAN Castanet‐Tolosan France
- Biogeco, INRA, Univ. de Bordeaux Cestas France
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre of Evolutionary and Functional Ecology, UMR5175, CNRS – Univ. of Montpellier – Univ. Paul‐Valéry Montpellier – EPHE 1919 Montpellier France
| | | | - Julia Koricheva
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway Univ. of London, Egham Surrey UK
| | - Harriet Milligan
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway Univ. of London, Egham Surrey UK
| | - Bart Muys
- Dept of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Diem Nguyen
- Dept of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Dept of Organismal Biology, Uppsala Univ. Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sophia Ratcliffe
- Dept of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Univ. of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Dept of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Univ. of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Dept of Environment, Ghent Univ. Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 BE‐9090 Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Dept of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Univ. of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Eric Allan
- Inst. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Bern Bern Switzerland
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Jin PY, Sun JT, Hoffmann A, Guo YF, Zhou JC, Zhu YX, Chen L, Hong XY. Phylogenetic signals in pest abundance and distribution range of spider mites. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:223. [PMID: 31805865 PMCID: PMC6896397 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attributes of pest species like host range are frequently reported as being evolutionarily constrained and showing phylogenetic signal. Because these attributes in turn could influence the abundance and impact of species, phylogenetic information could be useful in predicting the likely status of pests. In this study, we used regional (China) and global datasets to investigate phylogenetic patterns in occurrence patterns and host ranges of spider mites, which constitute a pest group of many cropping systems worldwide. Results We found significant phylogenetic signal in relative abundance and distribution range both at the regional and global scales. Relative abundance and range size of spider mites were positively correlated with host range, although these correlations became weaker after controlling for phylogeny. Conclusions The results suggest that pest impacts are evolutionarily constrained. Information that is easily obtainable – including the number of known hosts and phylogenetic position of the mites – could therefore be useful in predicting future pest risk of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Jin
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ary Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan-Fei Guo
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zhou
- School of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Xi Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Franić I, Prospero S, Hartmann M, Allan E, Auger-Rozenberg MA, Grünwald NJ, Kenis M, Roques A, Schneider S, Sniezko R, Williams W, Eschen R. Are traded forest tree seeds a potential source of nonnative pests? ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01971. [PMID: 31302945 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The international seed trade is considered relatively safe from a phytosanitary point of view and is therefore less regulated than trade in other plants for planting. However, the pests carried by traded seeds are not well known. We assessed insects and fungi in 58 traded seed lots of 11 gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species from North America, Europe, and Asia. Insects were detected by X-raying and molecular methods. The fungal community was characterized using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and by growing fungi on non-selective agar. About 30% of the seed lots contained insect larvae. Gymnosperms contained mostly hymenopteran (Megastigmus spp.) and dipteran (Cecidomyiidae) larvae, while angiosperms contained lepidopteran (Cydia latiferreana) and coleopteran (Curculio spp.) larvae. HTS indicated the presence of fungi in all seed lots and fungi grew on non-selective agar from 96% of the seed lots. Fungal abundance and diversity were much higher than insect diversity and abundance, especially in angiosperm seeds. Almost 50% of all fungal exact sequence variants (ESVs) found in angiosperms were potential pathogens, in comparison with around 30% of potentially pathogenic ESVs found in gymnosperms. The results of this study indicate that seeds may pose a greater risk of pest introduction than previously believed or accounted for. A rapid risk assessment suggests that only a small number of species identified in this study is of phytosanitary concern. However, more research is needed to enable better risk assessment, especially to increase knowledge about the potential for transmission of fungi to seedlings and the host range and impact of identified species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Franić
- CABI, Delémont, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Prospero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Salome Schneider
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Richard Sniezko
- Dorena Genetic Resource Center, USDA Forest Service, Cottage Grove, Oregon , 97424, USA
| | - Wyatt Williams
- Private Forests Division, Oregon Department of Forestry, Salem, Oregon, 97310, USA
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Gripenberg S, Basset Y, Lewis OT, Terry JCD, Wright SJ, Simón I, Fernández DC, Cedeño‐Sanchez M, Rivera M, Barrios H, Brown JW, Calderón O, Cognato AI, Kim J, Miller SE, Morse GE, Pinzón‐Navarro S, Quicke DLJ, Robbins RK, Salminen J, Vesterinen E. A highly resolved food web for insect seed predators in a species-rich tropical forest. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1638-1649. [PMID: 31359570 PMCID: PMC6852488 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The top-down and indirect effects of insects on plant communities depend on patterns of host use, which are often poorly documented, particularly in species-rich tropical forests. At Barro Colorado Island, Panama, we compiled the first food web quantifying trophic interactions between the majority of co-occurring woody plant species and their internally feeding insect seed predators. Our study is based on more than 200 000 fruits representing 478 plant species, associated with 369 insect species. Insect host-specificity was remarkably high: only 20% of seed predator species were associated with more than one plant species, while each tree species experienced seed predation from a median of two insect species. Phylogeny, but not plant traits, explained patterns of seed predator attack. These data suggest that seed predators are unlikely to mediate indirect interactions such as apparent competition between plant species, but are consistent with their proposed contribution to maintaining plant diversity via the Janzen-Connell mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gripenberg
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboaRepublic of Panama
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Biodiversity UnitUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Yves Basset
- ForestGEOSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboaRepublic of Panama
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Maestria de EntomologiaUniversidad de PanamáPanamaRepublic of Panama
| | | | | | | | - Indira Simón
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboaRepublic of Panama
| | | | | | - Marleny Rivera
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboaRepublic of Panama
- Maestria de EntomologiaUniversidad de PanamáPanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Héctor Barrios
- Maestria de EntomologiaUniversidad de PanamáPanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - John W. Brown
- National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUSA
| | | | | | - Jorma Kim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Scott E. Miller
- National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUSA
| | | | | | - Donald L. J. Quicke
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Robert K. Robbins
- National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUSA
| | | | - Eero Vesterinen
- Biodiversity UnitUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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Abstract
Strategies to manage plant disease-from use of resistant varieties to crop rotation, elimination of reservoirs, landscape planning, surveillance, quarantine, risk modeling, and anticipation of disease emergences-all rely on knowledge of pathogen host range. However, awareness of the multitude of factors that influence the outcome of plant-microorganism interactions, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these factors, and the diversity of any given pathogen makes it increasingly challenging to define simple, all-purpose rules to circumscribe the host range of a pathogen. For bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and viruses, we illustrate that host range is often an overlapping continuum-more so than the separation of discrete pathotypes-and that host jumps are common. By setting the mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions into the scales of contemporary land use and Earth history, we propose a framework to assess the frontiers of host range for practical applications and research on pathogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoît Moury
- Pathologie Végétale, INRA, 84140, Montfavet, France;
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Crawford KM, Bauer JT, Comita LS, Eppinga MB, Johnson DJ, Mangan SA, Queenborough SA, Strand AE, Suding KN, Umbanhowar J, Bever JD. When and where plant-soil feedback may promote plant coexistence: a meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1274-1284. [PMID: 31149765 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) theory provides a powerful framework for understanding plant dynamics by integrating growth assays into predictions of whether soil communities stabilise plant-plant interactions. However, we lack a comprehensive view of the likelihood of feedback-driven coexistence, partly because of a failure to analyse pairwise PSF, the metric directly linked to plant species coexistence. Here, we determine the relative importance of plant evolutionary history, traits, and environmental factors for coexistence through PSF using a meta-analysis of 1038 pairwise PSF measures. Consistent with eco-evolutionary predictions, feedback is more likely to mediate coexistence for pairs of plant species (1) associating with similar guilds of mycorrhizal fungi, (2) of increasing phylogenetic distance, and (3) interacting with native microbes. We also found evidence for a primary role of pathogens in feedback-mediated coexistence. By combining results over several independent studies, our results confirm that PSF may play a key role in plant species coexistence, species invasion, and the phylogenetic diversification of plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri M Crawford
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan T Bauer
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Liza S Comita
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maarten B Eppinga
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Environmental Science, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Scott A Mangan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Allan E Strand
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James Umbanhowar
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James D Bever
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and The Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Yang G, Wagg C, Veresoglou SD, Hempel S, Rillig MC. How Soil Biota Drive Ecosystem Stability. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1057-1067. [PMID: 30287162 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High biodiversity aboveground tends to increase the stability of ecosystem functioning when faced with a changing environment. However, whether and how soil biota affect ecosystem stability is less clear. Here, we introduce a framework for understanding the effects of soil biota on variation in ecosystem functioning under environmental changes. We conclude that soil biota may be a neglected factor determining ecosystem stability through their direct and indirect effects on plant diversity, the net productivity of an ecosystem, and compensatory dynamics among plant species, and via altering ecosystem resistance and resilience. Furthermore, future research needs to consider that effects of soil biota on ecosystem stability will vary depending on extrinsic factors, and for a given perturbation and ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowen Yang
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany; College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Cameron Wagg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich CH 8057, Switzerland; Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, P.O. Box 20280, Fredericton, E3B 4Z7 New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Stavros D Veresoglou
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Trotta LB, Baiser B, Possley J, Li D, Lange J, Martin S, Sessa EB. Community phylogeny of the globally critically imperiled pine rockland ecosystem. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1735-1747. [PMID: 30300935 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Community phylogenetic methods incorporate information on evolutionary relationships into studies of organismal assemblages. We used a community phylogenetic framework to investigate relationships and biogeographic affinities and to calculate phylogenetic signal of endemism and invasiveness for the flora of the pine rocklands-a globally critically imperiled ecosystem with a significant portion of its distribution in South Florida, United States. METHODS We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of 538 vascular plant taxa, which represent 92.28% of the vascular flora of the pine rocklands. We estimated phylogenetic signal for endemism and invasiveness using phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models. We determined the native range for each species in the data set and calculated the total number of species sourced from each region and all possible combinations of these regions. KEY RESULTS The pine rockland flora includes representatives of all major vascular plant lineages, and most species have native ranges in the New World. There was strong phylogenetic signal for endemism, but not for invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS Community phylogenetics has high potential value for conservation planning, particularly for fragmented and endangered ecosystems like the pine rockland. Strong phylogenetic signal for endemic species in our data set, which also tend to be threatened or endangered, can help to identify species at risk, as well as fragments where those species occur, highlighting conservation priorities. Our results indicate, at least in the pine rockland ecosystem, no phylogenetic signal for invasive species, and thus other information must be used to predict the potential for invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Trotta
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Benjamin Baiser
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - James Lange
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Sarah Martin
- The Nature Conservancy, Maitland, FL
- Institute for Regional Conservation, Delray Beach, FL
| | - Emily B Sessa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Craven D, Eisenhauer N, Pearse WD, Hautier Y, Isbell F, Roscher C, Bahn M, Beierkuhnlein C, Bönisch G, Buchmann N, Byun C, Catford JA, Cerabolini BEL, Cornelissen JHC, Craine JM, De Luca E, Ebeling A, Griffin JN, Hector A, Hines J, Jentsch A, Kattge J, Kreyling J, Lanta V, Lemoine N, Meyer ST, Minden V, Onipchenko V, Polley HW, Reich PB, van Ruijven J, Schamp B, Smith MD, Soudzilovskaia NA, Tilman D, Weigelt A, Wilsey B, Manning P. Multiple facets of biodiversity drive the diversity–stability relationship. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1579-1587. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lira-Noriega A, Soberón J, Equihua J. Potential invasion of exotic ambrosia beetles Xyleborus glabratus and Euwallacea sp. in Mexico: A major threat for native and cultivated forest ecosystems. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10179. [PMID: 29976993 PMCID: PMC6033885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze the invasive potential of two Asian ambrosia beetles, Xyleborus glabratus and Euwallacea sp., into Mexico and the southern United States. The fungal symbionts of these beetles have been responsible for damage to trees of the family Lauraceae, including Persea americana and other non-cultivated tree species on both coasts of the United States. We estimate their potential threat using ecological niche modeling and spatial multi-criteria evaluation protocols to incorporate plant and beetle suitabilities as well as forest stress factors across Mexico. Mexico contains higher climatic and habitat suitability for X. glabratus than for Euwallacea sp. Within this country, the neotropical region is most vulnerable to invasion by both of these species. We also identify a corridor of potential invasion for X. glabratus along the Gulf of Mexico coast where most Lauraceae and native Xyleborus species are present; dispersal of either X. glabratus or Euwallacea sp. into this region would likely lead to major disease spread. However, the overall potential damage that these beetles can cause may be a function of how many reproductive hosts and how many other ambrosia beetles are present, as well as of their capacity to disperse. This work can also alert relevant managers and authorities regarding this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Lira-Noriega
- CONACyT Research Fellow, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Soberón
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Julián Equihua
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Liga Periférico - Insurgentes Sur 4903, Col. Parques del Pedregal, Delegación Tlalpan, 14010, D.F, Mexico
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40
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Ingerslew KS, Kaplan I. Distantly related crops are not better rotation partners for tomato. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Kaplan
- Department of Entomology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana
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Chen Y, Umaña MN, Uriarte M, Yu S. Abundance-dependent effects of neighbourhood dissimilarity and growth rank reversal in a neotropical forest. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20172878. [PMID: 29618550 PMCID: PMC5904314 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Why tropical forests harbour an exceptional number of species with striking differences in abundances remains an open question. We propose a theoretical framework to address this question in which rare species may have different extirpation risks depending on species ranks in tree growth and sensitivities to neighbourhood interactions. To evaluate the framework, we studied tree growth and its responses to neighbourhood dissimilarity (ND) in traits and phylogeny for 146 species in a neotropical forest. We found that tree growth was positively related to ND, and common species were more strongly affected by ND than rare species, which may help delay dominance of common species. Rare species grew more slowly at the community-wide average ND than common species. But rare species grew faster when common species tended to dominate locally, which may help reduce extirpation risk of rare species. Our study highlights that tree growth rank among species depends on their responses to neighbourhood interactions, which can be important in fostering diversity maintenance in tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - María Natalia Umaña
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shixiao Yu
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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Piotrowska MJ, Riddell C, Hoebe PN, Ennos RA. Planting exotic relatives has increased the threat posed by Dothistroma septosporum to the Caledonian pine populations of Scotland. Evol Appl 2018; 11:350-363. [PMID: 29632553 PMCID: PMC5881121 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To manage emerging forest diseases and prevent their occurrence in the future, it is essential to determine the origin(s) of the pathogens involved and identify the management practices that have ultimately caused disease problems. One such practice is the widespread planting of exotic tree species within the range of related native taxa. This can lead to emerging forest disease both by facilitating introduction of exotic pathogens and by providing susceptible hosts on which epidemics of native pathogens can develop. We used microsatellite markers to determine the origins of the pathogen Dothistroma septosporum responsible for the current outbreak of Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) on native Caledonian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) populations in Scotland and evaluated the role played by widespread planting of two exotic pine species in the development of the disease outbreak. We distinguished three races of D. septosporum in Scotland, one of low genetic diversity associated with introduced lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), one of high diversity probably derived from the DNB epidemic on introduced Corsican pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio) in England and a third of intermediate diversity apparently endemic on Caledonian Scots pine. These races differed for both growth rate and exudate production in culture. Planting of exotic pine stands in the UK appears to have facilitated the introduction of two exotic races of D. septosporum into Scotland which now pose a threat to native Caledonian pines both directly and through potential hybridization and introgression with the endemic race. Our results indicate that both removal of exotic species from the vicinity of Caledonian pine populations and restriction of movement of planting material are required to minimize the impact of the current DNB outbreak. They also demonstrate that planting exotic species that are related to native species reduces rather than enhances the resilience of forests to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta J. Piotrowska
- Crop and Soil Systems Research GroupScotland's Rural CollegeEdinburghUK
- The Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and BioengineeringHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Carolyn Riddell
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologyAshworth LaboratoriesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Forest ResearchNorthern Research StationRoslinUK
| | - Peter N. Hoebe
- Crop and Soil Systems Research GroupScotland's Rural CollegeEdinburghUK
| | - Richard A. Ennos
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologyAshworth LaboratoriesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Kempel A, Rindisbacher A, Fischer M, Allan E. Plant soil feedback strength in relation to large-scale plant rarity and phylogenetic relatedness. Ecology 2018; 99:597-606. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kempel
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Altenbergrain 21 3013 Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Altenbergrain 21 3013 Bern Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Altenbergrain 21 3013 Bern Switzerland
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Wininger K, Rank N. Evolutionary dynamics of interactions between plants and their enemies: comparison of herbivorous insects and pathogens. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1408:46-60. [PMID: 29125186 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants colonized land over 400 million years ago. Shortly thereafter, organisms began to consume terrestrial plant tissue as a nutritional resource. Most plant enemies are plant pathogens or herbivores, and they impose natural selection for plants to evolve defenses. These traits generate selection pressures on enemies. Coevolution between terrestrial plants and their enemies is an important element of the evolutionary history of both groups. However, coevolutionary studies of plant-pathogen interactions have tended to focus on different research topics than plant-herbivore interactions. Specifically, studies of plant-pathogen interactions often adopt a "gene-for-gene" conceptual framework. In contrast, studies of plants and herbivores often investigate escalation or elaboration of plant defense and herbivore adaptations to overcome it. The main exceptions to the general pattern are studies that focus on small, sessile herbivores that share many features with plant pathogens, studies that incorporate both herbivores and pathogens into a single investigation, and studies that test aspects of Thompson's geographic mosaic theory for coevolution. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Wininger
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California
| | - Nathan Rank
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California
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45
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Perronne R, Gibot-Leclerc S, Dessaint F, Reibel C, Le Corre V. Is induction ability of seed germination of Phelipanche ramosa phylogenetically structured among hosts? A case study on Fabaceae species. Genetica 2017; 145:481-489. [PMID: 28932936 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phelipanche ramosa is a major root-holoparasitic damaging weed characterized by a broad host range, including numerous Fabaceae species. In France, the agricultural threat posed by P. ramosa has increased over two decades due to the appearance of a genetically differentiated pathovar presenting a clear host specificity for oilseed rape. The new pathovar has led to a massive expansion of P. ramosa in oilseed rape fields. The germination rate of P. ramosa seeds is currently known to vary among P. ramosa pathovars and host species. However, only a few studies have investigated whether phylogenetic relatedness among potential host species is a predictor of the ability of these species to induce the seed germination of parasitic weeds by testing for phylogenetic signal. We focused on a set of 12 Fabaceae species and we assessed the rate of induction of seed germination by these species for two pathovars based on in vitro co-cultivation experiments. All Fabaceae species tested induced the germination of P. ramosa seeds. The germination rate of P. ramosa seeds varied between Fabaceae species and tribes studied, while pathovars appeared non-influential. Considering oilseed rape as a reference species, we also highlighted a significant phylogenetic signal. Phylogenetically related species therefore showed more similar rates of induction of seed germination than species drawn at random from a phylogenetic tree. In in vitro conditions, only Lotus corniculatus induced a significantly higher germination rate than oilseed rape, and could potentially be used as a catch crop after confirmation of these results under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Perronne
- UMR GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Gibot-Leclerc
- UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Département Agronomie Agroéquipement Elevage Environnement, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 26 Bd Dr Petitjean, BP 87999, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Fabrice Dessaint
- UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Département Agronomie Agroéquipement Elevage Environnement, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 26 Bd Dr Petitjean, BP 87999, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Carole Reibel
- UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Département Agronomie Agroéquipement Elevage Environnement, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 26 Bd Dr Petitjean, BP 87999, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Le Corre
- UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Département Agronomie Agroéquipement Elevage Environnement, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 26 Bd Dr Petitjean, BP 87999, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France
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Moury B, Fabre F, Hébrard E, Froissart R. Determinants of host species range in plant viruses. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:862-873. [PMID: 28475036 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of pathogen emergence is an important field of research, both in human health and in agronomy. Most studies of pathogen emergence have focused on the ecological or anthropic factors involved rather than on the role of intrinsic pathogen properties. The capacity of pathogens to infect a large set of host species, i.e. to possess a large host range breadth (HRB), is tightly linked to their emergence propensity. Using an extensive plant virus database, we found that four traits related to virus genome or transmission properties were strongly and robustly linked to virus HRB. Broader host ranges were observed for viruses with single-stranded genomes, those with three genome segments and nematode-transmitted viruses. Also, two contrasted groups of seed-transmitted viruses were evidenced. Those with a single-stranded genome had larger HRB than non-seed-transmitted viruses, whereas those with a double-stranded genome (almost exclusively RNA) had an extremely small HRB. From the plant side, the family taxonomic rank appeared as a critical threshold for virus host range, with a highly significant increase in barriers to infection between plant families. Accordingly, the plant-virus infectivity matrix shows a dual structure pattern: a modular pattern mainly due to viruses specialized to infect plants of a given family and a nested pattern due to generalist viruses. These results contribute to a better prediction of virus host jumps and emergence risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Moury
- Pathologie Végétale, INRA, 84140 Montfavet, France
| | - Frédéric Fabre
- UMR 1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Eugénie Hébrard
- UMR186, IRD-Cirad-UM, Laboratory 'Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement', Montpellier, France
| | - Rémy Froissart
- UMR5290, CNRS-IRD-UM1-UM2, Laboratory 'Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle', Montpellier, France.,UMR385, INRA-Cirad-SupAgro, Laboratory 'Biologie des Interactions Plantes-Parasites', Campus International de Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Beenken L. First records of the powdery mildews Erysiphe platani and E. alphitoides on Ailanthus altissima reveal host jumps independent of host phylogeny. Mycol Prog 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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High density, genome-wide markers and intra-specific replication yield an unprecedented phylogenetic reconstruction of a globally significant, speciose lineage of Eucalyptus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 105:63-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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50
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Bufford JL, Hulme PE, Sikes BA, Cooper JA, Johnston PR, Duncan RP. Taxonomic similarity, more than contact opportunity, explains novel plant-pathogen associations between native and alien taxa. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:657-667. [PMID: 27440585 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel associations between plants and pathogens can have serious impacts on managed and natural ecosystems world-wide. The introduction of alien plants increases the potential for biogeographically novel plant-pathogen associations to arise when pathogens are transmitted from native to alien plant species and vice versa. We quantified biogeographically novel associations recorded in New Zealand over the last 150 yr between plant pathogens (fungi, oomycetes and plasmodiophorids) and vascular plants. We examined the extent to which taxonomic similarity, pathogen traits, contact opportunity and sampling effort could explain the number of novel associates for host and pathogen species. Novel associations were common; approximately one-third of surveyed plants and pathogens were recorded with at least one biogeographically novel associate. Native plants had more alien pathogens than vice versa. Taxonomic similarity between the native and alien flora and the total number of recorded associations (a measure of sampling effort) best explained the number of novel associates among species. The frequency of novel associations and the importance of sampling effort as an explanatory variable emphasize the need for effective monitoring and risk assessment tools to mitigate the potential environmental and economic impact of novel pathogen associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bufford
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin A Sikes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, 2101 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Jerry A Cooper
- Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Johnston
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard P Duncan
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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