1
|
Liu Z, Sun H, Li Y, Bao Q, Huang Y. Metabolic regulation mechanism of melatonin for reducing cadmium accumulation and improving quality in rice. Food Chem 2024; 455:139857. [PMID: 38823141 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin acts as a potential regulator of cadmium (Cd) tolerance in rice. However, its practical value in rice production remains unclear. To validate the hypothesis that melatonin affects Cd accumulation and rice quality, a series of experiments were conducted. The results showed that exogenous melatonin application was associated with reduced Cd accumulation (23-43%) in brown rice. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that exogenous melatonin affected the rice protein secondary structure and starch short-range structure. Metabolomics based on LC-MS/MS revealed that exogenous melatonin altered the brown rice metabolic profile, decreased fatty acid metabolite content, but increased amino acid metabolite, citric acid, melatonin biosynthetic metabolite, and plant hormone contents. These findings indicate that exogenous melatonin can effectively reduced Cd accumulation and improve rice quality through metabolic network regulation, serving as an effective treatment for rice cultivated in Cd-contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Liu
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicology and Pollution Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicology and Pollution Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiongli Bao
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicology and Pollution Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Yizong Huang
- School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banerjee A, Samanta S, Roychoudhury A. Melatonin differentially refines the metabolome to improve seed formation during grain developmental stages and enhances yield in two contrasting rice cultivars, grown in arsenic-contaminated soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108849. [PMID: 38991592 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The manuscript revealed the ameliorative effects of exogenous melatonin in two distinct reproductive stages, i.e., developing grains (20 days after pollination) and matured grains (40 days after pollination) in two contrasting indica rice genotypes, viz., Khitish (arsenic-susceptible) and Muktashri (arsenic-tolerant), irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water throughout their life-cycle. Melatonin administration improved yield-related parameters like rachis length, primary and secondary branch length, number of grains per panicle, number of filled and empty grains per panicle, grain length and breadth and 1000-grain per weight. Expression of GW2, which negatively regulates grain development, was suppressed, along with concomitant induction of positive regulators like GIF1, DEP1 and SPL14 in both Khitish and Muktashri. Melatonin lowered arsenic bioaccumulation in grains and tissue biomass, more effectively in Khitish. Unregulated production of reactive oxygen species, leading to cellular necrosis caused by arsenic, was reversed in presence of melatonin. Endogenous melatonin level was stimulated due to up-regulation of the key biosynthetic genes, SNAT and ASMT. Melatonin enhanced the production of diverse antioxidants like anthocyanins, flavonoids, total phenolics and ascorbic acid and also heightened the production of thiol-metabolites (cysteine, reduced glutathione, non-protein thiols and phytochelatin), ensuring effective chelation and arsenic detoxification. Altogether, our observation, supported by principal component analysis, proved that melatonin re-programs the antioxidative metabolome to enhance plant resilience against arsenic stress to mitigate oxidative damages and reduce arsenic translocation from the soil to tissue biomass and edible grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Samanta
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Discipline of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, 110068, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo X, Xu X, Xu J, Zhao X, Zhang R, Shi Y, Xia M, Xian B, Zhou W, Zheng C, Wei S, Wang L, Du J, Liu W, Shu K. Melatonin Priming Promotes Crop Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment Under Flooding Stress by Mediating ABA, GA, and ROS Cascades. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e13004. [PMID: 39145574 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Both seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment are key checkpoints during the life cycle of seed plants, yet flooding stress markedly inhibits both processes, leading to economic losses from agricultural production. Here, we report that melatonin (MT) seed priming treatment enhances the performance of seeds from several crops, including soybean, wheat, maize, and alfalfa, under flooding stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that MT priming promotes seed germination and seedling establishment associated with changes in abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed that MT priming increases the expression levels of GA biosynthesis genes, ABA catabolism genes, and ROS biosynthesis genes while decreasing the expression of positive ABA regulatory genes. Further, measurements of ABA and GA concentrations are consistent with these trends. Following MT priming, quantification of ROS metabolism-related enzyme activities and the concentrations of H2O2 and superoxide anions (O2 -) after MT priming were consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR. Finally, exogenous application of GA, fluridone (an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor), or H2O2 partially rescued the poor germination of non-primed seeds under flooding stress. Collectively, this study uncovers the application and molecular mechanisms underlying MT priming in modulating crop seed vigor under flooding stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoshan Xian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Jiang X, Mashiguchi K, Yamaguchi S, Lu S. Biosynthesis and signal transduction of plant growth regulators and their effects on bioactive compound production in Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). Chin Med 2024; 19:102. [PMID: 39049014 PMCID: PMC11267865 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are involved in multiple aspects of plant life, including plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. They are also vital for the formation of secondary metabolites in various plants. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a famous herbal medicine and has been used commonly for > 2000 years in China, as well as widely used in many other countries. S. miltiorrhiza is extensively used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinical practices and has specific merit against various diseases. Owing to its outstanding medicinal and commercial potential, S. miltiorrhiza has been extensively investigated as an ideal model system for medicinal plant biology. Tanshinones and phenolic acids are primary pharmacological constituents of S. miltiorrhiza. As the growing market for S. miltiorrhiza, the enhancement of its bioactive compounds has become a research hotspot. S. miltiorrhiza exhibits a significant response to various PGRs in the production of phenolic acids and tanshinones. Here, we briefly review the biosynthesis and signal transduction of PGRs in plants. The effects and mechanisms of PGRs on bioactive compound production in S. miltiorrhiza are systematically summarized and future research is discussed. This article provides a scientific basis for further research, cultivation, and metabolic engineering in S. miltiorrhiza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heqin Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Xuwen Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Bairuijia Food Co., Ltd, No. 8008, Yi Road, Laizhou, Yantai, 261400, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiyoshi Mashiguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Shanfa Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang L, Jia Y, Wu Y, Liu H, Zhao D, Ju Y, Pan C, Mao J. Selenium Nanoparticle and Melatonin Treatments Improve Melon Seedling Growth by Regulating Carbohydrate and Polyamine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7830. [PMID: 39063071 PMCID: PMC11276989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bio-stimulants, such as selenium nanoparticles and melatonin, regulate melon growth. However, the effects of individual and combined applications of selenium nanoparticles and melatonin on the growth of melon seedlings have not been reported. Here, two melon cultivars were sprayed with selenium nanoparticles, melatonin, and a combined treatment, and physiological and biochemical properties were analyzed. The independent applications of selenium nanoparticles, melatonin, and their combination had no significant effects on the plant heights and stem diameters of Jiashi and Huangmengcui melons. Compared with the controls, both selenium nanoparticle and melatonin treatments increased soluble sugars (6-63%) and sucrose (11-88%) levels, as well as the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (171-237%) in melon leaves. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (29-95%), trans cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (32-100%), and 4-coumaric acid CoA ligase (26-113%), as well as mRNA levels, also increased in the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway. Combining the selenium nanoparticles and melatonin was more effective than either of the single treatments. In addition, the levels of superoxide dismutase (43-130%), catalase (14-43%), ascorbate peroxidase (44-79%), peroxidase (25-149%), and mRNA in melon leaves treated with combined selenium nanoparticles and melatonin were higher than in controls. The results contribute to our understanding of selenium nanoparticles and melatonin as bio-stimulants that improve the melon seedlings' growth by regulating carbohydrate, polyamine, and antioxidant capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Kang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.K.)
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yujiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.K.)
| | - Yangliu Wu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hejiang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Duoyong Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yanjun Ju
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.K.)
| | - Jiefei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang H, Zhao J, Yin X, Ding K, Gao X, Cai Y, Pan Y, Jiang B, Liu Q, Jia Y. Mitigating Ni and Cu ecotoxicity in the ecological restoration material and ornamental Primula forbesii Franch. with exogenous 24-epibrassinolide and melatonin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16067. [PMID: 38992206 PMCID: PMC11239942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) contamination have become major threats to plant survival worldwide. 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBR) and melatonin (MT) have emerged as valuable treatments to alleviate heavy metal-induced phytotoxicity. However, plants have not fully demonstrated the potential mechanisms by which these two hormones act under Ni and Cu stress. Herein, this study investigated the impact of individual and combined application of 24-EBR and MT on the growth and physiological traits of Primula forbesii Franch. subjected to stress (200 μmol L-1 Ni and Cu). The experiments compared the effects of different mitigation treatments on heavy metal (HM) stress and the scientific basis and practical reference for using these exogenous substances to improve HM resistance of P. forbesii in polluted environments. Nickel and Cu stress significantly hindered leaf photosynthesis and nutrient uptake, reducing plant growth and gas exchange. However, 24-EBR, MT, and 24-EBR + MT treatments alleviated the growth inhibition caused by Ni and Cu stress, improved the growth indexes of P. forbesii, and increased the gas exchange parameters. Exogenous MT effectively alleviated Ni stress, and 24-EBR + MT significantly alleviated the toxic effects of Cu stress. Unlike HM stress, MT and 24-EBR + MT activated the antioxidant enzyme activity (by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and regulated ascorbate and glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH) efficiency. Besides, the treatments enhanced the ability of P. forbesii to accumulate HMs, shielding plants from harm. These findings conclusively illustrate the capability of 24-EBR and MT to significantly bolster the tolerance of P. forbesii to Ni and Cu stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiancai Yin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Keying Ding
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinhui Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuxin Cai
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanzhi Pan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Teng Z, Chen C, He Y, Pan S, Liu D, Zhu L, Liang K, Li Y, Huang L. Melatonin confers thermotolerance and antioxidant capacity in Chinese cabbage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108736. [PMID: 38797006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Due to the damaging effect of high temperatures on plant development, global warming is predicted to increase agricultural risks. Chinese cabbage holds considerable importance as a leafy vegetable that is extensively consumed and cultivated worldwide. Its year-round production also encounters severe challenges in the face of high temperatures. In this study, melatonin (MT), a pivotal multifunctional signaling molecule that coordinates responses to diverse environmental stressors was used to mitigate the harmful effects of high temperatures on Chinese cabbage. Through the utilization of growth indices, cytological morphology, physiological and biochemical responses, and RNA-Seq analysis, alongside an examination of the influence of crucial enzymes in the endogenous MT synthesis pathway on the thermotolerance of Chinese cabbage, we revealed that MT pretreatment enhanced photosynthetic activity, maintained signaling pathways associated with endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, and preserved circadian rhythm in Chinese cabbage under high temperatures. Furthermore, pretreatment with MT resulted in increased levels of soluble sugar, vitamin C, proteins, and antioxidant enzyme activity, along with decreased levels of malondialdehyde, nitrate, flavonoids, and bitter glucosinolates, ultimately enhancing the capacity of the organism to mitigate oxidative stress. The knockdown of the tryptophan decarboxylase gene, which encodes a key enzyme responsible for MT biosynthesis, resulted in a significant decline in the ability of transgenic Chinese cabbage to alleviate oxidative damage under high temperatures, further indicating an important role of MT in establishing the thermotolerance. Taken together, these results provide a mechanism for MT to improve the antioxidant capacity of Chinese cabbage under high temperatures and suggest beneficial implications for the management of other plants subjected to global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Teng
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Caizhi Chen
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Yuanrong He
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Shihui Pan
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Luyu Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kexin Liang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yan R, Zhang T, Wang Y, Wang W, Sharif R, Liu J, Dong Q, Luan H, Zhang X, Li H, Guo S, Qi G, Jia P. The apple MdGA2ox7 modulates the balance between growth and stress tolerance in an anthocyanin-dependent manner. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108707. [PMID: 38763002 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a widely cultivated fruit crop worldwide but often suffers from abiotic stresses such as salt and cold. Gibberellic acid (GA) plays a pivotal in controlling plant development, environmental adaptability, and secondary metabolism. The GA2-oxidase (GA2ox) is responsible for the deactivation of bioactive GA. In this study, seventeen GA2-oxidase genes were identified in the apple genome, and these members could be clustered into four clades based on phylogenetic relationships and conserved domain structures. MdGA2ox7 exhibited robust expression across various tissues, responded to cold and salt treatments, and was triggered in apple fruit peels via light-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Subcellular localization prediction and experiments confirmed that MdGA2ox7 was located in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of MdGA2ox7 in Arabidopsis caused a lower level of active GA and led to GA-deficient phenotypes, such as dwarfism and delayed flowering. MdGA2ox7 alleviated cold and salt stress damage in both Arabidopsis and apple in concert with melatonin (MT). Additionally, MdGA2ox7 enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple calli and activated genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis. These findings provide new insights into the functions of apple GA2ox in regulating development, stress tolerance, and secondary metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Tianle Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiale Liu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qinglong Dong
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Haoan Luan
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Suping Guo
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Guohui Qi
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan M, Hussain A, Yun BW, Mun BG. Melatonin: The Multifaceted Molecule in Plant Growth and Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6799. [PMID: 38928504 PMCID: PMC11203645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL), a hormone primarily known for its role in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms in animals, has emerged as a multifaceted molecule in plants. Recent research has shed light on its diverse functions in plant growth and defense mechanisms. This review explores the intricate roles of MEL in plant growth and defense responses. MEL is involved in plant growth owing to its influence on hormone regulation. MEL promotes root elongation and lateral root formation and enhances photosynthesis, thereby promoting overall plant growth and productivity. Additionally, MEL is implicated in regulating the circadian rhythm of plants, affecting key physiological processes that influence plant growth patterns. MEL also exhibits antioxidant properties and scavenges reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, it activates defense pathways against various biotic stressors. MEL also enhances the production of secondary metabolites that contribute to plant resistance against environmental changes. MEL's ability to modulate plant response to abiotic stresses has also been extensively studied. It regulates stomatal closure, conserves water, and enhances stress tolerance by activating stress-responsive genes and modulating signaling pathways. Moreover, MEL and nitric oxide cooperate in stress responses, antioxidant defense, and plant growth. Understanding the mechanisms underlying MEL's actions in plants will provide new insights into the development of innovative strategies for enhancing crop productivity, improving stress tolerance, and combating plant diseases. Further research in this area will deepen our knowledge of MEL's intricate functions and its potential applications in sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen K, Hu Q, Ma X, Zhang X, Qian R, Zheng J. The effect of exogenous melatonin on waterlogging stress in Clematis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1385165. [PMID: 38957603 PMCID: PMC11217522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1385165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Clematis is the queen of the vines, being an ornamental plant with high economic value. Waterlogging stress reduces the ornamental value of the plant and limits its application. Melatonin plays an important role in plant resistance to abiotic stresses. In this study, the physiological responses and gene expression levels of two wild species, namely, Clematis tientaiensis and Clematis lanuginosa, and two horticultural varieties, namely, 'Sen-No-Kaze' and 'Viva Polonia,' under waterlogging stress were analyzed to determine the effect of melatonin on waterlogging tolerance. The results showed that the waterlogging tolerances of C. lanuginosa and 'Sen-No-Kaze' were relatively poor, but were significantly improved by concentrations of 100 μmol·L-1 and 50 μmol·L-1 melatonin. C. tientaiensis and 'Viva Polonia' had relatively strong tolerance to waterlogging, and this was significantly improved by 200 μmol·L-1 melatonin. Under waterlogging stress, the relative conductivity and H2O2 content of Clematis increased significantly; the photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll contents were significantly decreased; photosynthesis was inhibited; the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugars were decreased. Effective improvement of waterlogging tolerance after exogenous melatonin spraying, the relative conductivity was decreased by 4.05%-27.44%; the H2O2 content was decreased by 3.84%-23.28%; the chlorophyll content was increased by 35.59%-103.36%; the photosynthetic efficiency was increased by 25.42%-45.86%; the antioxidant enzyme activities of APX, POD, SOD, and CAT were increased by 28.03%-158.61%; the contents of proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugars were enhanced, and cell homeostasis was improved. Transcription sequencing was performed on wild Clematis with differences in waterlogging tolerance, and nine transcription factors were selected that were highly correlated with melatonin and that had the potential to improve waterlogging tolerance, among which LBD4, and MYB4 were significantly positively correlated with the antioxidant enzyme system, and bHLH36, DOF36, and WRKY4 were significantly negatively correlated. Photosynthetic capacity was positively correlated with DOF36 and WRKY4 while being significantly negatively correlated with MYB4, MOF1, DOF47, REV1 and ABR1. Melatonin could enhance the flooding tolerance of Clematis by improving photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity. This study provides an important basis and reference for the application of melatonin in waterlogging-resistant breeding of Clematis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingdi Hu
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xule Zhang
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Renjuan Qian
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao C, Wang Z, Liao Z, Liu X, Li Y, Zhou C, Sun C, Wang Y, Cao J, Sun C. Integrated Metabolomic-Transcriptomic Analyses of Flavonoid Accumulation in Citrus Fruit under Exogenous Melatonin Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6632. [PMID: 38928338 PMCID: PMC11204001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids in citrus fruits are crucial physiological regulators and natural bioactive products of high pharmaceutical value. Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone that can regulate plant morphogenesis and stress resistance and alter the accumulation of flavonoids in these processes. However, the direct effect of melatonin on citrus flavonoids remains unclear. In this study, nontargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics were utilized to reveal how exogenous melatonin affects flavonoid biosynthesis in "Bingtangcheng" citrus fruits. The melatonin treatment at 0.1 mmol L-1 significantly increased the contents of seven polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) and up-regulated a series of flavonoid pathway genes, including 4CL (4-coumaroyl CoA ligase), FNS (flavone synthase), and FHs (flavonoid hydroxylases). Meanwhile, CHS (chalcone synthase) was down-regulated, causing a decrease in the content of most flavonoid glycosides. Pearson correlation analysis obtained 21 transcription factors co-expressed with differentially accumulated flavonoids, among which the AP2/EREBP members were the most numerous. Additionally, circadian rhythm and photosynthesis pathways were enriched in the DEG (differentially expressed gene) analysis, suggesting that melatonin might also mediate changes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by affecting the fruit's circadian rhythm. These results provide valuable information for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms through which melatonin regulates citrus fruit metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenning Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhendong Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhenkun Liao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Yujia Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Chenwen Zhou
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Cui Sun
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China;
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China;
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Malakar P, Gupta SK, Chattopadhyay D. Role of plant neurotransmitters in salt stress: A critical review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108601. [PMID: 38696867 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are naturally found in many plants, but the molecular processes that govern their actions still need to be better understood. Acetylcholine, γ-Aminobutyric acid, histamine, melatonin, serotonin, and glutamate are the most common neurotransmitters in animals, and they all play a part in the development and information processing. It is worth noting that all these chemicals have been found in plants. Although much emphasis has been placed on understanding how neurotransmitters regulate mood and behaviour in humans, little is known about how they regulate plant growth and development. In this article, the information was reviewed and updated considering current thinking on neurotransmitter signaling in plants' metabolism, growth, development, salt tolerance, and the associated avenues for underlying research. The goal of this study is to advance neurotransmitter signaling research in plant biology, especially in the area of salt stress physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paheli Malakar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Santosh K Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang S, Jin S. Melatonin Interaction with Other Phytohormones in the Regulation of Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:663. [PMID: 38929102 PMCID: PMC11201163 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Horticultural crops play a vital role in global food production, nutrition, and the economy. Horticultural crops are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses hinder plant growth and development by affecting seed germination, impairing photosynthetic activity, and damaging root development, thus leading to a decrease in fruit yield, quality, and productivity. Scientists have conducted extensive research to investigate the mechanisms of resilience and the ability to cope with environmental stresses. In contrast, the use of phytohormones to alleviate the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses on horticulture plants has been generally recognized as an effective method. Among phytohormones, melatonin (MT) is a novel plant hormone that regulates various plants' physiological functions such as seedling development, root system architecture, photosynthetic efficiency, balanced redox homeostasis, secondary metabolites production, accumulation of mineral nutrient uptake, and activated antioxidant defense system. Importantly, MT application significantly restricted heavy metals (HMs) uptake and increased mineral nutrient accumulation by modifying the root architecture system. In addition, MT is a naturally occurring, multifunctional, nontoxic biomolecule having antioxidant properties. Furthermore, this review described the hormonal interaction between MT and other signaling molecules in order to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in horticulture crops. This review focuses on current research advancements and prospective approaches for enhancing crop tolerance to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang X, Feng K, Wang G, Zhang S, Zhao J, Yuan X, Ren J. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles alleviates polystyrene nanoplastics induced growth inhibition by modulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism via melatonin signaling in maize. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:262. [PMID: 38760823 PMCID: PMC11100085 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoplastics, are emerging pollutants, present a potential hazard to food security and human health. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Nano-TiO2), serving as nano-fertilizer in agriculture, may be important in alleviating polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) toxicity. RESULTS Here, we performed transcriptomic, metabolomic and physiological analyzes to identify the role of Nano-TiO2 in regulating the metabolic processes in PSNPs-stressed maize seedlings (Zea mays L.). The growth inhibition by PSNPs stress was partially relieved by Nano-TiO2. Furthermore, when considering the outcomes obtained from RNA-seq, enzyme activity, and metabolite content analyses, it becomes evident that Nano-TiO2 significantly enhance carbon and nitrogen metabolism levels in plants. In comparison to plants that were not subjected to Nano-TiO2, plants exposed to Nano-TiO2 exhibited enhanced capabilities in maintaining higher rates of photosynthesis, sucrose synthesis, nitrogen assimilation, and protein synthesis under stressful conditions. Meanwhile, Nano-TiO2 alleviated the oxidative damage by modulating the antioxidant systems. Interestingly, we also found that Nano-TiO2 significantly enhanced the endogenous melatonin levels in maize seedlings. P-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA, a melatonin synthesis inhibitor) declined Nano-TiO2-induced PSNPs tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data show that melatonin is involved in Nano-TiO2-induced growth promotion in maize through the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China
| | - Guo Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China
| | - Shifang Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianhong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Muhammad I, Ahmad S, Shen W. Melatonin-Mediated Molecular Responses in Plants: Enhancing Stress Tolerance and Mitigating Environmental Challenges in Cereal Crop Production. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4551. [PMID: 38674136 PMCID: PMC11049982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cereal crops are crucial for global food security; however, they are susceptible to various environmental stresses that significantly hamper their productivity. In response, melatonin has emerged as a promising regulator, offering potential benefits for stress tolerance and crop growth. This review explores the effects of melatonin on maize, sorghum, millet, rice, barley, and wheat, aiming to enhance their resilience to stress. The application of melatonin has shown promising outcomes, improving water use efficiency and reducing transpiration rates in millet under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, it enhances the salinity and heavy metal tolerance of millet by regulating the activity of stress-responsive genes. Similarly, melatonin application in sorghum enhances its resistance to high temperatures, low humidity, and nutrient deficiency, potentially involving the modulation of antioxidant defense and aspects related to photosynthetic genes. Melatonin also exerts protective effects against drought, salinity, heavy metal, extreme temperatures, and waterlogging stresses in maize, wheat, rice, and barley crops by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through regulating the antioxidant defense system. The molecular reactions of melatonin upregulated photosynthesis, antioxidant defense mechanisms, the metabolic pathway, and genes and downregulated stress susceptibility genes. In conclusion, melatonin serves as a versatile tool in cereal crops, bolstering stress resistance and promoting sustainable development. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and refine application techniques to fully harness the potential role of melatonin in cereal crop production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li M, Wu L, Shi Y, Wu L, Afzal F, Jia Y, Huang Y, Hu B, Chen J, Huang J. Bioinformatics and Functional Analysis of OsASMT1 Gene in Response to Abiotic Stress. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10774-w. [PMID: 38582819 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to elucidate the functional characteristics of OsASMT1 gene under copper (Cu) or sodium chloride (NaCl) stress. Bioinformatics scrutiny unveiled that OsASMT1 is situated on chromosome 9. Its protein architecture, comprising dimerization and methyltransferase domains, showed significant similarities to OsASMT2 and OsASMT3. High expression in roots and panicles, along with abiotic stress putative cis-regulatory elements in the promoter, indicated potential stress responsiveness. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed OsASMT1 induction under Cu and NaCl stress in rice. Surprisingly, yeast expressing OsASMT1 did not exhibit enhanced resistance to abiotic stresses. The results of subcellular localization analysis indicated that OsASMT1 plays a role in the cytoplasm. While OsASMT1 responded to Cu and NaCl stress in rice, its heterologous expression in yeast failed to confer abiotic stress resistance, highlighting the need for further investigation of its functional implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Longying Wu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Shi
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Farhan Afzal
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanru Jia
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 61130, Sichuan, China
| | - Binhua Hu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Q, Gao R, Wu D, Wang X, Liu Y, Gao Y, Guan L. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Pivotal Role of Exogenous Melatonin in Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Vitis vinifera L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3651. [PMID: 38612463 PMCID: PMC11011403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. possesses high economic value, but its growth and yield are seriously affected by salt stress. Though melatonin (MT) has been widely reported to enhance tolerance towards abiotic stresses in plants, the regulatory role melatonin plays in resisting salt tolerance in grapevines has scarcely been studied. Here, we observed the phenotypes under the treatment of different melatonin concentrations, and then transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed. A total of 457 metabolites were detected in CK- and MT-treated cell cultures at 1 WAT (week after treatment) and 4 WATs. Exogenous melatonin treatment significantly increased the endogenous melatonin content while down-regulating the flavonoid content. To be specific, the melatonin content was obviously up-regulated, while the contents of more than a dozen flavonoids were down-regulated. Auxin response genes and melatonin synthesis-related genes were regulated by the exogenous melatonin treatment. WGCNA (weighted gene coexpression network analysis) identified key salt-responsive genes; they were directly or indirectly involved in melatonin synthesis and auxin response. The synergistic effect of salt and melatonin treatment was investigated by transcriptome analysis, providing additional evidence for the stress-alleviating properties of melatonin through auxin-related pathways. The present study explored the impact of exogenous melatonin on grapevines' ability to adapt to salt stress and provided novel insights into enhancing their tolerance to salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiunan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Le Guan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Asdullah HU, Chen F, Hassan MA, Abbas A, Sajad S, Rafiq M, Raza MA, Tahir A, Wang D, Chen Y. Recent advances and role of melatonin in post-harvest quality preservation of shiitake ( Lentinula edodes). Front Nutr 2024; 11:1348235. [PMID: 38571753 PMCID: PMC10987784 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1348235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Shiitake mushrooms are renowned for their popularity and robust nutritional value, are susceptible to spoilage due to their inherent biodegradability. Nevertheless, because of their lack of protection, these mushrooms have a short shelf life. Throughout the post-harvest phase, mushrooms experience a persistent decline in quality. This is evidenced by changes such as discoloration, reduced moisture content, texture changes, an increase in microbial count, and the depletion of nutrients and flavor. Ensuring postharvest quality preservation and prolonging mushroom shelf life necessitates the utilization of post-harvest preservation techniques, including physical, chemical, and thermal processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the deterioration processes affecting mushroom quality, covering elements such as moisture loss, discoloration, texture alterations, increased microbial count, and the depletion of nutrients and flavor. It also explores the key factors influencing these processes, such as temperature, relative humidity, water activity, and respiration rate. Furthermore, the review delves into recent progress in preserving mushrooms through techniques such as drying, cooling, packaging, irradiation, washing, and coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Umair Asdullah
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Wandong Comprehensive Experimental Station, New Rural Development Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Minguang, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Asad Abbas
- School of Science, Western Sydney University Hawkesbury, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shoukat Sajad
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Lushan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang, China
| | | | - Arslan Tahir
- University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Dongliang Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Wandong Comprehensive Experimental Station, New Rural Development Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Minguang, China
| | - Yougen Chen
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Wandong Comprehensive Experimental Station, New Rural Development Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Minguang, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lam LPY, Lui ACW, Bartley LE, Mikami B, Umezawa T, Lo C. Multifunctional 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferases (CAldOMTs) in plant metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1671-1695. [PMID: 38198655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, flavonoids, melatonin, and stilbenes are plant specialized metabolites with diverse physiological and biological functions, supporting plant growth and conferring stress resistance. Their biosynthesis requires O-methylations catalyzed by 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase (CAldOMT; also called caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, COMT). CAldOMT was first known for its roles in syringyl (S) lignin biosynthesis in angiosperm cell walls and later found to be multifunctional. This enzyme also catalyzes O-methylations in flavonoid, melatonin, and stilbene biosynthetic pathways. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the convergent evolution of enzymes with OMT activities towards the monolignol biosynthetic pathway intermediates in some gymnosperm species that lack S-lignin and Selaginella moellendorffii, a lycophyte which produces S-lignin. Furthermore, neofunctionalization of CAldOMTs occurred repeatedly during evolution, generating unique O-methyltransferases (OMTs) with novel catalytic activities and/or accepting novel substrates, including lignans, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and phenylpropenes. This review summarizes multiple aspects of CAldOMTs and their related proteins in plant metabolism and discusses their evolution, molecular mechanism, and roles in biorefineries, agriculture, and synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Pui Ying Lam
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Tegata Gakuen-machi 1-1, Akita City, Akita 010-0852, Japan
| | - Andy C W Lui
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Laura E Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qiu CW, Richmond M, Ma Y, Zhang S, Liu W, Feng X, Ahmed IM, Wu F. Melatonin enhances cadmium tolerance in rice via long non-coding RNA-mediated modulation of cell wall and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133251. [PMID: 38141306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
In plants, melatonin (MLT) is a versatile signaling molecule involved in promoting plant development and mitigating the damage caused by heavy metal exposure. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential components in the plant's response to various abiotic stress, functioning within the gene regulatory network. Here, a hydroponic experiment was performed to explore the involvement of lncRNAs in MLT-mediated amelioration of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice plants. The results demonstrated that applying 250 mg L-1 MLT in a solution containing 10 μM Cd leads to an effective reduction of 30.0% in shoot Cd concentration. Remarkably, the treatment resulted in a 21.2% improvement in potassium and calcium uptake, a 164.5% enhancement in net photosynthetic rate, and a 33.2% decrease in malondialdehyde accumulation, resulting increases in plant height, root length, and biomass accumulation. Moreover, a transcriptome analysis revealed 2510 differentially expressed transcripts, including the Cd transporters (-3.82-fold downregulated) and the Cd tolerance-associated genes (1.24-fold upregulated). Notably, regulatory network prediction uncovered 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs that act as competitive endogenous RNA or in RNA complex interactions. These key lncRNAs regulate the expression of target genes that are involved in pectin and cellulose metabolism, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, salicylic acid-mediated defense response, and biosynthesis of brassinosteroids, which ultimately modify the cell wall for Cd adsorption, safeguard photosynthesis, and control hormone signaling to reduce Cd toxicity. Our results unveiled a crucial lncRNA-mediated mechanism underlying MLT's role in Cd detoxification in rice plants, providing potential applications in agricultural practices and environmental remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Marvin Richmond
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit Research, Florida A&M University, FL 32317, USA
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang L, Deng Y, Gao J, Wang B, Han H, Li Z, Zhang W, Wang Y, Fu X, Peng R, Yao Q, Tian Y, Xu J. Biosynthesis of melatonin from L-tryptophan by an engineered microbial cell factory. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:27. [PMID: 38369525 PMCID: PMC10874579 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for melatonin is increasing due to its health-promoting bioactivities such as antioxidant and sleep benefits. Although melatonin is present in various organisms, its low content and high extraction cost make it unsustainable. Biosynthesis is a promising alternative method for melatonin production. However, the ectopic production of melatonin in microorganisms is very difficult due to the low or insoluble expression of melatonin synthesis genes. Hence, we aim to explore the biosynthesis of melatonin using Escherichia coli as a cell factory and ways to simultaneously coordinated express genes from different melatonin synthesis pathways. RESULTS In this study, the mXcP4H gene from Xanthomonas campestris, as well as the HsAADC, HsAANAT and HIOMT genes from human melatonin synthesis pathway were optimized and introduced into E. coli via a multi-monocistronic vector. The obtained strain BL7992 successfully synthesized 1.13 mg/L melatonin by utilizing L-tryptophan (L-Trp) as a substrate in a shake flask. It was determined that the rate-limiting enzyme for melatonin synthesis is the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, which is encoded by the HsAANAT gene. Targeted metabolomics analysis of L-Trp revealed that the majority of L-Trp flowed to the indole pathway in BL7992, and knockout of the tnaA gene may be beneficial for increasing melatonin production. CONCLUSIONS A metabolic engineering approach was adopted and melatonin was successfully synthesized from low-cost L-Trp in E. coli. This study provides a rapid and economical strategy for the synthesis of melatonin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongdong Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjie Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjuan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Rihe Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanhong Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang X, Huang T, Liang Y, Hussain S, Peng R, Wang T, Deng H, Wang J, Lv X, Liang D, Xia H. Melatonin and 14-hydroxyed brassinosteroid combined promote kiwifruit seedling growth by improving soil microbial distribution, enzyme activity and nutrients uptake. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1336116. [PMID: 38390297 PMCID: PMC10881855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1336116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Kiwifruit, a nutrient-dense fruit, has become increasingly popular with consumers in recent decades. However, kiwifruit trees are prone to stunted growth after a few years of planting, called early tree decline. In this study, melatonin (MT), pollen polysaccharide (SF), 14-hydroxyed brassinosteroid (14-HBR) were applied alone or in combination to investigate their influence on plant growth, nutrition absorption and rhizosphere bacterial abundance in kiwifruit seedlings. The results revealed that MT, SF and 14-HBR alone treatments significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity and activities of dismutase and catalase compared with the control. Among them, MT treatment significantly increased the dry root biomass by 35.7%, while MT+14-HBR treatment significant enhanced the dry shoot biomass by 36.9%. Furthermore, both MT and MT+14-HBR treatments markedly improved the activities of invertase, urease, protease and phosphatase in soil, as well as the abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in rhizosphere microorganisms based on 16S rDNA sequencing. In addition, MT treatment improved the content of available K and organic matter in soil, and increased the uptake of P, K and Fe by seedlings. In summary, 14-HBR and MT combined had the best effect on promoting rhizosphere bacterial distribution, nutrient absorption and plant growth. These findings may provide valuable guidance for solving growth weakness problem in kiwifruit cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shafiq Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Peng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ameen M, Zafar A, Mahmood A, Zia MA, Kamran K, Javaid MM, Yasin M, Khan BA. Melatonin as a master regulatory hormone for genetic responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana: a comprehensive review. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23248. [PMID: 38310885 DOI: 10.1071/fp23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is a naturally occurring biologically active amine produced by plants, animals and microbes. This review explores the biosynthesis of melatonin in plants, with a particular focus on its diverse roles in Arabidopsis thaliana , a model species. Melatonin affects abiotic and biotic stress resistance in A. thaliana . Exogenous and endogenous melatonin is addressed in association with various conditions, including cold stress, high light stress, intense heat and infection with Botrytis cinerea or Pseudomonas , as well as in seed germination and lateral root formation. Furthermore, melatonin confers stress resistance in Arabidopsis by initiating the antioxidant system, remedying photosynthesis suppression, regulating transcription factors involved with stress resistance (CBF, DREB, ZAT, CAMTA, WRKY33, MYC2, TGA) and other stress-related hormones (abscisic acid, auxin, ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid). This article additionally addresses other precursors, metabolic components, expression of genes (COR , CBF , SNAT , ASMT , PIN , PR1 , PDF1.2 and HSFA ) and proteins (JAZ, NPR1) associated with melatonin and reducing both biological and environmental stressors. Furthermore, the future perspective of melatonin rich agri-crops is explored to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, maximise crop productivity and enhance nutritional worth, which may help improve food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muaz Ameen
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Zafar
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anjum Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Kamran
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mansoor Javaid
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
He M, Geng G, Mei S, Wang G, Yu L, Xu Y, Wang Y. Melatonin modulates the tolerance of plants to water stress: morphological response of the molecular mechanism. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23199. [PMID: 38354692 DOI: 10.1071/fp23199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Water stress (drought and waterlogging) leads to an imbalance in plant water distribution, disrupts cell homeostasis, and severely inhibits plant growth. Melatonin is a growth hormone that plants synthesise and has been shown to resist adversity in many plants. This review discusses the biosynthesis and metabolism of melatonin, as well as the changes in plant morphology and physiological mechanisms caused by the molecular defence process. Melatonin induces the expression of related genes in the process of plant photosynthesis under stress and protects the structural integrity of chloroplasts. Exogenous melatonin can maintain the dynamic balance of root ion exchange under waterlogging stress. Melatonin can repair mitochondria and alleviate damage caused by reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species; and has a wide range of uses in the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of antioxidant enzyme genes. Melatonin improves the stability of membrane lipids in plant cells and maintains osmotic balance by regulating water channels. There is crosstalk between melatonin and other hormones, which jointly improve the ability of the root system to absorb water and breathe and promote plant growth. Briefly, as a multifunctional molecule, melatonin improves the tolerance of plants under water stress and promotes plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minmin He
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Gui Geng
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shuyang Mei
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yao Xu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cortés-Montaña D, Bernalte-García MJ, Palomino-Vasco M, Serradilla MJ, Velardo-Micharet B. Effect of preharvest melatonin applications at dusk on quality and bioactive compounds content of early sweet cherries. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1583-1590. [PMID: 37819712 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early sweet cherries have a high economic impact on cherry growers but have poorer quality characteristics and shorter shelf-life than late cherries. Melatonin has been proposed as a biostimulant that regulates plant and fruit growth and increases fruit quality and shelf-life but, in general in fruit and vegetables, there is controversy about its effects. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of exogenous preharvest melatonin applications at dusk on the quality and bioactive compounds of two early sweet cherry cultivars. RESULTS The M3 and M5 (3 × 10-4 and 5 × 10-4 mol L-1 melatonin, respectively) treatments effectively enhanced the endogenous melatonin and hydroxycinnamic acid concentration, enhancing the functional properties of the fruit. Additionally, the M5 treatment enhanced skin colour and consumer acceptance of 'Samba' cherries, while the M3 treatment improved cherry size in 'Sandon Rose'. CONCLUSION Preharvest melatonin applications at dusk could be included in the scheduled preharvest treatments for early cherry cultivars in order to improve the quality and to stimulate the functionality of the fruit. However, further studies are needed to adjust the concentration depending on the cultivar and the objective pursued. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cortés-Montaña
- Department of Postharvest Science, Centre for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Palomino-Vasco
- Department of Postharvest Science, Centre for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel Joaquín Serradilla
- Department of Postharvest Science, Centre for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Belén Velardo-Micharet
- Department of Postharvest Science, Centre for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ahammed GJ, Li Z, Chen J, Dong Y, Qu K, Guo T, Wang F, Liu A, Chen S, Li X. Reactive oxygen species signaling in melatonin-mediated plant stress response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108398. [PMID: 38359555 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial signaling molecules in plants that play multifarious roles in prompt response to environmental stimuli. Despite the classical thoughts that ROS are toxic when accumulate in excess, recent advances in plant ROS signaling biology reveal that ROS participate in biotic and abiotic stress perception, signal integration, and stress-response network activation, hence contributing to plant defense and stress tolerance. ROS production, scavenging and transport are fine-tuned by plant hormones and stress-response signaling pathways. Crucially, the emerging plant hormone melatonin attenuates excessive ROS accumulation under stress, whereas ROS signaling mediates melatonin-induced plant developmental response and stress tolerance. In particular, RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG (RBOH) proteins responsible for apoplastic ROS generation act downstream of melatonin to mediate stress response. In this review, we discuss promising developments in plant ROS signaling and how ROS might mediate melatonin-induced plant resilience to environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Jingying Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Yifan Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Kehao Qu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Tianmeng Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Airong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tian Q, Wang G, Dou J, Niu Y, Li R, An W, Tang Z, Yu J. Melatonin Modulates Tomato Root Morphology by Regulating Key Genes and Endogenous Hormones. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:383. [PMID: 38337916 PMCID: PMC10857687 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin plays a vital role in plant growth and development. In this study, we treated hydroponically grown tomato roots with various concentrations of exogenous melatonin (0, 10, 30, and 50 μmol·L-1). We utilized root scanning and microscopy to examine alterations in root morphology and cell differentiation and elucidated the mechanism by which melatonin regulates these changes through the interplay with endogenous hormones and relevant genes. The results showed that for melatonin at concentrations ranging between 10 and 30 μmol·L-1, the development of lateral roots were significantly stimulated, the root hair growth was enhanced, and biomass accumulation and root activity were increased. Furthermore, we elucidated that melatonin acts as a mediator for the expression of genes, such as SlCDKA1, SlCYCA3;1, SlARF2, SlF3H, and SlKT1, which are involved in the regulation of root morphology changes. Additionally, we observed that melatonin influences the levels of endogenous hormones, including ZT, GA3, IAA, ABA, and BR, which subsequently impact the root morphology development of tomato roots. In summary, this study shows that tomato root morphology can be promoted by the optimal concentration of exogenous melatonin (10-30 μmol·L-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tian
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Guangzheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Jianhua Dou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Yu Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Ruirui Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Wangwang An
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Manful EE, Dofuor AK, Gwira TM. The role of tryptophan derivatives as anti-kinetoplastid agents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23895. [PMID: 38187297 PMCID: PMC10770616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinetoplastids are the causative agents for a spectrum of vector-borne diseases including Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and Trypanosomiasis that affect millions of people worldwide. In the absence of safe and effective vaccines, chemotherapy, in conjunction with vector control, remain the most significant control approach for kinetoplastid diseases. However, commercially available treatment for these neglected tropical diseases frequently ends up with toxic side effects and increasing resistance. To meet the rising need for innovative medications, alternative chemotherapeutic agents are required. Moreover, insights into target-based mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents are required if novel drugs that may outwit resistance to commercially available drugs are to be developed. Tryptophan has been implicated in a variety of diseases and disorders due to its fundamental role as a precursor to several bioactive metabolites, as well as its importance in the improvement of health and nutrition, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The regulation of tryptophan metabolism plays a fundamental role in the growth of kinetoplastids. Moreover, the levels of tryptophan may serve as a biomarker to distinguish between the stages of kinetoplastids making it an important amino acid to explore for drug targets. The main aim of this review is thus to provide a comprehensive literature synthesis of tryptophan derivatives to explore as potential anti-kinetoplastids. Here we highlight the role of tryptophan derivatives as chemotherapeutic agents against kinetoplastids. The reviewed compounds provide insights into potential new drug interventions that may combat the increasing problem of anti-kinetoplastid resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewura-Esi Manful
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Aboagye Kwarteng Dofuor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Theresa Manful Gwira
- West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cheng HY, Wang W, Wang W, Yang MY, Zhou YY. Interkingdom Hormonal Regulations between Plants and Animals Provide New Insight into Food Safety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4-26. [PMID: 38156955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Food safety has become an attractive topic among consumers. Raw material production for food is also a focus of social attention. As hormones are widely used in agriculture and human disease control, consumers' concerns about the safety of hormone agents have never disappeared. The present review focuses on the interkingdom regulations of exogenous animal hormones in plants and phytohormones in animals, including physiology and stress resistance. We summarize these interactions to give the public, researchers, and policymakers some guidance and suggestions. Accumulated evidence demonstrates comprehensive hormonal regulation across plants and animals. Animal hormones, interacting with phytohormones, help regulate plant development and enhance environmental resistance. Correspondingly, phytohormones may also cause damage to the reproductive and urinary systems of animals. Notably, the disease-resistant role of phytohormones is revealed against neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. These resistances derive from the control for abnormal cell cycle, energy balance, and activity of enzymes. Further exploration of these cross-kingdom mechanisms would surely be of greater benefit to human health and agriculture development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Human Development Family Studies, Iowa State University, 2330 Palmer Building, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mu-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li M, Cai Q, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Hao Y, Qin Y, Qiao X, Han Y, Li H. Mapping and Screening of Candidate Gene Regulating the Biomass Yield of Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:796. [PMID: 38255870 PMCID: PMC10815252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomass yield is one of the important traits of sorghum, which is greatly affected by leaf morphology. In this study, a lobed-leaf mutant (sblob) was screened and identified, and its F2 inbred segregating line was constructed. Subsequently, MutMap and whole-genome sequencing were employed to identify the candidate gene (sblob1), the locus of which is Sobic.003G010300. Pfam and homologous analysis indicated that sblob1 encodes a Cytochrome P450 protein and plays a crucial role in the plant serotonin/melatonin biosynthesis pathway. Structural and functional changes in the sblob1 protein were elucidated. Hormone measurements revealed that sblob1 regulates both leaf morphology and sorghum biomass through regulation of the melatonin metabolic pathway. These findings provide valuable insights for further research and the enhancement of breeding programs, emphasizing the potential to optimize biomass yield in sorghum cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.Q.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China;
| | - Qizhe Cai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.Q.)
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Yinpei Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.Q.)
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Yaofei Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.Q.)
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Yaoshan Hao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.Q.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China;
| | - Yingying Qin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.Q.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China;
| | - Xinrui Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China;
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.Q.)
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Hongying Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.Q.)
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ali S, Bai Y, Zhang J, Zada S, Khan N, Hu Z, Tang Y. Discovering Nature's shield: Metabolomic insights into green zinc oxide nanoparticles Safeguarding Brassica parachinensis L. from cadmium stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108126. [PMID: 38147709 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) hinders plants' growth and productivity by causing different morphological and physiological changes. Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising for raising plant yield and reducing Cd toxicity. Nonetheless, the fundamental mechanism of nanoparticle-interfered Cd toxicity in Brassica parachineses L. remains unknown. A novel ZnO nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) was synthesized using a microalgae strain (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) through a green process and characterized by different standard parameters through TEM, EDX, and XRD. This study examines the effect of different concentrations of ZnO-NPs (50 and 100 mgL-1) in B. parachineses L. under Cd stress through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics profiling. In the presence of Cd toxicity, foliar spraying with ZnO-NPs raised Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mg levels in the roots and/or leaves, improved seedling development, as demonstrated by increased plant height, root length, and shoot and root fresh weight. Furthermore, the ZnO-NPs significantly enhanced the photosynthetic pigments and changed the antioxidant activities of the Cd-treated plants. Based on a metabolomics analysis, 481 untargeted metabolites were accumulated in leaves under normal and Cd-stressed conditions. These metabolites were highly enriched in producing organic acids, amino acids, glycosides, flavonoids, nucleic acids, and vitamin biosynthesis. Surprisingly, ZnO-NPs restored approximately 60% of Cd stress metabolites to normal leaf levels. Our findings suggest that green synthesized ZnO-NPs can balance ions' absorption, modulate the antioxidant activities, and restore more metabolites associated with plant growth to their normal levels under Cd stress. It can be applied as a plant growth regulator to alleviate heavy metal toxicity and improve crop yield in heavy metal-contaminated regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform of Collaborative Innovation for Marine Algae Industry, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yongsheng Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform of Collaborative Innovation for Marine Algae Industry, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Shah Zada
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence & Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform of Collaborative Innovation for Marine Algae Industry, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform of Collaborative Innovation for Marine Algae Industry, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu Y, Liu J, Wu H, Zhu Y, Ahmad I, Zhou G. The Roles of Mepiquate Chloride and Melatonin in the Morpho-Physiological Activity of Cotton under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:235. [PMID: 38203405 PMCID: PMC10778694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cotton growth and yield are severely affected by abiotic stress worldwide. Mepiquate chloride (MC) and melatonin (MT) enhance crop growth and yield by reducing the negative effects of abiotic stress on various crops. Numerous studies have shown the pivotal role of MC and MT in regulating agricultural growth and yield. Nevertheless, an in-depth review of the prominent performance of these two hormones in controlling plant morpho-physiological activity and yield in cotton under abiotic stress still needs to be documented. This review highlights the effects of MC and MT on cotton morpho-physiological and biochemical activities; their biosynthetic, signaling, and transduction pathways; and yield under abiotic stress. Furthermore, we also describe some genes whose expressions are affected by these hormones when cotton plants are exposed to abiotic stress. The present review demonstrates that MC and MT alleviate the negative effects of abiotic stress in cotton and increase yield by improving its morpho-physiological and biochemical activities, such as cell enlargement; net photosynthesis activity; cytokinin contents; and the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. MT delays the expression of NCED1 and NCED2 genes involved in leaf senescence by decreasing the expression of ABA-biosynthesis genes and increasing the expression of the GhYUC5, GhGA3ox2, and GhIPT2 genes involved in indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin, and cytokinin biosynthesis. Likewise, MC promotes lateral root formation by activating GA20x genes involved in gibberellin catabolism. Overall, MC and MT improve cotton's physiological activity and antioxidant capacity and, as a result, improve the ability of the plant to resist abiotic stress. The main purpose of this review is to present an in-depth analysis of the performance of MC and MT under abiotic stress, which might help to better understand how these two hormones regulate cotton growth and productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li J, Lv K, Wu J, Xie Y, Zhang J, Zhang N, Xu W. Exogenous Melatonin Promotes Cold Tolerance in Grape Seedlings: Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Functional Evidence. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19970-19985. [PMID: 38055343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is an antioxidant molecule that enhances plant tolerance to environmental stress. However, the mechanisms by which MEL regulates cold signaling pathways in grapes under cold stress remain elusive. Here, we investigated the physiological and transcriptomic changes in grape seedlings treated with exogenous MEL to determine their protective role under cold stress. Results showed that 150 μM MEL effectively attenuated cold-induced cell damage by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preserving the chloroplast structure and function. MEL also inhibited tannin degradation, which contributed to its protective effect. Exogenous MEL promoted the synthesis of endogenous MEL, abscisic acid, auxin, and cytokinin while inhibiting gibberellin. Transcriptomic profiling revealed 776 differentially expressed transcripts in MEL-treated samples compared to controls. Functional analysis of a candidate hub gene, VvHSFA6b, showed that its overexpression in grape calli enhances cold tolerance by activating jasmonic acid synthesis pathway genes, promoting JA accumulation, and inhibiting JAZ-repressed transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junduo Li
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Kai Lv
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jieping Wu
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yaping Xie
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Ningbo Zhang
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Weirong Xu
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Yinchuan 750021, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Talaat NB. Drought Stress Alleviator Melatonin Reconfigures Water-Stressed Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants' Photosynthetic Efficiency, Antioxidant Capacity, and Endogenous Phytohormone Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16228. [PMID: 38003420 PMCID: PMC10671378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of crops is severely limited by water scarcity. We still do not fully understand the underlying mechanism of exogenous melatonin (MT)-mediated water stress tolerance in barley. This study is the first of its kind to show how MT can potentially mitigate changes in barley's physio-biochemical parameters caused by water deficiency. Barley was grown under three irrigation levels (100%, 70%, and 30% of field capacity) and was foliar sprayed with 70 μM MT. The results showed that exogenously applied MT protected the photosynthetic apparatus by improving photosynthetic pigment content, photochemical reactions of photosynthesis, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, gas exchange capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence system, and membrane stability index. Furthermore, the increased levels of salicylic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, melatonin, and indole-3-acetic acid, as well as a decrease in abscisic acid, indicated that foliar-applied MT greatly improved barley water stress tolerance. Additionally, by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase and decreasing hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage, MT application lessened water stress-induced oxidative stress. According to the newly discovered data, MT application improves barley water stress tolerance by reprogramming endogenous plant hormone production and antioxidant activity, which enhances membrane stability and photosynthesis. This study unraveled MT's crucial role in water deficiency mitigation, which can thus be applied to water stress management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neveen B Talaat
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Aslam A, Mahmood A, Ur-Rehman H, Li C, Liang X, Shao J, Negm S, Moustafa M, Aamer M, Hassan MU. Plant Adaptation to Flooding Stress under Changing Climate Conditions: Ongoing Breakthroughs and Future Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3824. [PMID: 38005721 PMCID: PMC10675391 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change-induced variations in temperature and rainfall patterns are a serious threat across the globe. Flooding is the foremost challenge to agricultural productivity, and it is believed to become more intense under a changing climate. Flooding is a serious form of stress that significantly reduces crop yields, and future climatic anomalies are predicted to make the problem even worse in many areas of the world. To cope with the prevailing flooding stress, plants have developed different morphological and anatomical adaptations in their roots, aerenchyma cells, and leaves. Therefore, researchers are paying more attention to identifying developed and adopted molecular-based plant mechanisms with the objective of obtaining flooding-resistant cultivars. In this review, we discuss the various physiological, anatomical, and morphological adaptations (aerenchyma cells, ROL barriers (redial O2 loss), and adventitious roots) and the phytohormonal regulation in plants under flooding stress. This review comprises ongoing innovations and strategies to mitigate flooding stress, and it also provides new insights into how this knowledge can be used to improve productivity in the scenario of a rapidly changing climate and increasing flood intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Aslam
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.U.-R.)
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Hafeez Ur-Rehman
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.U.-R.)
| | - Cunwu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuewen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinhua Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sun Z, Li J, Guo D, Wang T, Tian Y, Ma C, Liu X, Wang C, Zheng X. Melatonin enhances KCl salinity tolerance by maintaining K + homeostasis in Malus hupehensis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2273-2290. [PMID: 37465981 PMCID: PMC10579713 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of potash fertilizer are often applied to apple (Malus domestica) orchards to enhance fruit quality and yields, but this treatment aggravates KCl-based salinity stress. Melatonin (MT) is involved in a variety of abiotic stress responses in plants. However, its role in KCl stress tolerance is still unknown. In the present study, we determined that an appropriate concentration (100 μm) of MT significantly alleviated KCl stress in Malus hupehensis by enhancing K+ efflux out of cells and compartmentalizing K+ in vacuoles. Transcriptome deep-sequencing analysis identified the core transcription factor gene MdWRKY53, whose expression responded to both KCl and MT treatment. Overexpressing MdWRKY53 enhanced KCl tolerance in transgenic apple plants by increasing K+ efflux and K+ compartmentalization. Subsequently, we characterized the transporter genes MdGORK1 and MdNHX2 as downstream targets of MdWRKY53 by ChIP-seq. MdGORK1 localized to the plasma membrane and enhanced K+ efflux to increase KCl tolerance in transgenic apple plants. Moreover, overexpressing MdNHX2 enhanced the KCl tolerance of transgenic apple plants/callus by compartmentalizing K+ into the vacuole. RT-qPCR and LUC activity analyses indicated that MdWRKY53 binds to the promoters of MdGORK1 and MdNHX2 and induces their transcription. Taken together, our findings reveal that the MT-WRKY53-GORK1/NHX2-K+ module regulates K+ homeostasis to enhance KCl stress tolerance in apple. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanism of apple response to KCl-based salinity stress and lay the foundation for the practical application of MT in salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Sun
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- College of Life ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Jianyu Li
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Dianming Guo
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Tianchao Wang
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Yike Tian
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong ProvinceQingdaoChina
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zeng H, Li Y, Chen W, Yan J, Wu J, Lou H. Melatonin alleviates aluminum toxicity by regulating aluminum-responsive and nonresponsive pathways in hickory. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132274. [PMID: 37643573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a significant constraint on agricultural productivity worldwide. Melatonin (MT) has been shown to alleviate Al toxicity in plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we employed a combination of physiological and molecular biology techniques to examine the role of MT in mitigating Al toxicity of hickory. We found that MT decreased the contents of cell wall pectin, hemicellulose, Al, and Al-induced massive reactive oxygen species accumulation in the roots of hickory. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MT may alleviate root tip Al stress by regulating Al-responsive and nonresponsive pathways. Co-expression regulatory network and dual-luciferase receptor assays revealed that transcription factors, CcC3H12 and CcAZF2, responded to MT and significantly activated the expression of two cell wall pectin-related genes, CcPME61 and CcGAE6, respectively. Further, yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays verified that CcC3H12 and CcAZF2 regulated CcPME61 and CcGAE6, respectively, by directly binding to their promoters. Overexpression of CcPME61 enhanced the Al sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results indicate that MT can improve Al tolerance of hickory via multiple pathways, which provides a new perspective for the study of the mechanism of MT in alleviating abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jingwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li C, Liu J, Wei Z, Cheng Y, Shen Z, Xin Z, Huang Y, Wang H, Li Y, Mu Z, Zhang Q. Exogenous melatonin enhances the tolerance of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) via DNA damage repair pathway under heavy metal stress (Cd 2+) at the sprout stage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115519. [PMID: 37769580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) stress is a non-negligible abiotic stress that seriously restricts crop yield and quality, while the sprout stage is the most sensitive to stress and directly impacts the growth and development of the later stage. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), as an exogenous additive, enhances stress resistance due to its ability to oxidize and reduce. However, few reports on exogenous melatonin to tiger nuts under HM stress have explored whether exogenous melatonin enhances plants' resistance to heavy metals. Here, "Jisha 2″ was used as material, with a stress concentration of 5 mg/L and 100 μmol/L of CdCl2 to explore whether exogenous melatonin enhances plant resistance and molecular mechanism. The result revealed that stress limits growth, while melatonin alleviated the sprout damage under stress from the phenotypes. Moreover, stress-enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation, while melatonin-increased ROS reduce damage via the analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2-), and Electrolyte leakage (El). Further results indicated that HM leads to DNA damage while exogenous melatonin will repair the damage by analyzing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), DNA cross-linking, 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanine level, and relative density of apurinic sites. Furthermore, gene expression in the DNA-repaired pathway exhibited similar results. These results applied that exogenous melatonin released the hurt caused by HM stress, with DNA repair and ROS balance serving as candidate pathways. This study elucidated the mechanism of melatonin's influence and provided theoretical insights into its application in tiger nuts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Li
- Institute of Economic Plants, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayao Liu
- Institute of Economic Plants, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zunmiao Wei
- Institute of Economic Plants, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Institute of Economic Plants, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zihao Shen
- Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhuo Xin
- Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yudi Huang
- Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Institute of Economic Plants, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongsheng Mu
- Institute of Economic Plants, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Economic Plants, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu S, Zenda T, Tian Z, Huang Z. Metabolic pathways engineering for drought or/and heat tolerance in cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111875. [PMID: 37810398 PMCID: PMC10557149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought (D) and heat (H) are the two major abiotic stresses hindering cereal crop growth and productivity, either singly or in combination (D/+H), by imposing various negative impacts on plant physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this decreases overall cereal crop production and impacts global food availability and human nutrition. To achieve global food and nutrition security vis-a-vis global climate change, deployment of new strategies for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and higher nutritive value in cereals is imperative. This depends on first gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying D/+H stress response. Meanwhile, functional genomics has revealed several stress-related genes that have been successfully used in target-gene approach to generate stress-tolerant cultivars and sustain crop productivity over the past decades. However, the fast-changing climate, coupled with the complexity and multigenic nature of D/+H tolerance suggest that single-gene/trait targeting may not suffice in improving such traits. Hence, in this review-cum-perspective, we advance that targeted multiple-gene or metabolic pathway manipulation could represent the most effective approach for improving D/+H stress tolerance. First, we highlight the impact of D/+H stress on cereal crops, and the elaborate plant physiological and molecular responses. We then discuss how key primary metabolism- and secondary metabolism-related metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, starch metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling can be modified using modern molecular biotechnology approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9 system and synthetic biology (Synbio) to enhance D/+H tolerance in cereal crops. Understandably, several bottlenecks hinder metabolic pathway modification, including those related to feedback regulation, gene functional annotation, complex crosstalk between pathways, and metabolomics data and spatiotemporal gene expressions analyses. Nonetheless, recent advances in molecular biotechnology, genome-editing, single-cell metabolomics, and data annotation and analysis approaches, when integrated, offer unprecedented opportunities for pathway engineering for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and improved yield. Especially, Synbio-based strategies will accelerate the development of climate resilient and nutrient-dense cereals, critical for achieving global food security and combating malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zaimin Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ali M, Pan Y, Liu H, Cheng Z. Melatonin interaction with abscisic acid in the regulation of abiotic stress in Solanaceae family plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271137. [PMID: 37767290 PMCID: PMC10520282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Solanaceous vegetable crops are cultivated and consumed worldwide. However, they often confront diverse abiotic stresses that significantly impair their growth, yield, and overall quality. This review delves into melatonin and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and their roles in abiotic stress responses. It closely examines the intricate interplay between melatonin and ABA in managing stress within plants, revealing both collaborative and antagonistic effects and elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. Melatonin and ABA mutually influence each other's synthesis, metabolism and that of other plant hormones, a key focus of this study. The study highlights melatonin's role in aiding stress management through ABA-dependent pathways and key genes in the melatonin-ABA interaction. Specifically, melatonin downregulates ABA synthesis genes and upregulates catabolism genes, leading to reduced ABA levels. It also directly scavenges H2O2, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby underscoring their collaborative role in mediating stress responses. Moreover, the interplay between melatonin and ABA plays an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, including stomatal behaviors, wax accumulation, delay leaf senescence, seed germination, and seedlings growth, among others. Recognizing these relationships in Solanaceae vegetable crops holds great importance for improving agricultural practices and crop quality. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive overview of recent studies on the melatonin and ABA interplay, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and breeders dedicated to fortifying crop resilience and productivity within challenging environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang Z, Zhang X, Chen Y, Jiang W, Zhang J, Wang J, Wu Y, Wang S, Yang X, Liu M, Zhang Y. Understanding the mechanism of red light-induced melatonin biosynthesis facilitates the engineering of melatonin-enriched tomatoes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5525. [PMID: 37684283 PMCID: PMC10491657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a functionally conserved broad-spectrum physiological regulator found in most biological organisms in nature. Enrichment of tomato fruit with melatonin not only enhances its agronomic traits but also provides extra health benefits. In this study, we elucidate the full melatonin biosynthesis pathway in tomato fruit by identifying biosynthesis-related genes that encode caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 2 (SlCOMT2) and N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-methyltransferases 5/7 (SlASMT5/7). We further reveal that red light supplementation significantly enhances the melatonin content in tomato fruit. This induction relies on the "serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin" biosynthesis route via the SlphyB2-SlPIF4-SlCOMT2 module. Based on the regulatory mechanism, we design a gene-editing strategy to target the binding motif of SlPIF4 in the promoter of SlCOMT2, which significantly enhances the production of melatonin in tomato fruit. Our study provides a good example of how the understanding of plant metabolic pathways responding to environmental factors can guide the engineering of health-promoting foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Luo M, Wang D, Delaplace P, Pan Y, Zhou Y, Tang W, Chen K, Chen J, Xu Z, Ma Y, Chen M. Melatonin enhances drought tolerance by affecting jasmonic acid and lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107974. [PMID: 37632996 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Drought severely affects the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which is mainly grown in arid and semi-arid regions. Melatonin plays an important role in various types of stress resistance in plants, including drought resistance. However, the molecular mechanism through which melatonin affects drought tolerance remains largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that melatonin (100 μM) significantly improved drought resistance during the maturation stage of Chinese Spring, Shi4185, and Hanxuan10 varieties, but not Chang6878. Further physiological, transcriptomic, and proteomic data analysis at the wheat seedling stage revealed that melatonin increased jasmonic acid (JA) content, upregulating the expression of JA genes (LOX1.5 and LOX2.1) and two transcription factors (HY5 and MYB86) under drought conditions. It also upregulated genes related to lignin biosynthesis (4CL2, P5CS1, and CCR2) as well as starch and sucrose metabolism (PME53 and SUS4). Additionally, melatonin alleviated photosynthetic and cell membrane damage caused by drought stress through maintaining low levels of hydrogen peroxide. The current results elucidate melatonin-regulated pathways in wheat and provide evidence for using melatonin as a potential biostimulant to improve wheat drought resistance under field conditions in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China; University of Liege-GxABT, Agricultural Sciences Department, Plant Sciences and Productions Axis, Plant Biology Laboratory, Passage des Déportés, 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Daoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- University of Liege-GxABT, Agricultural Sciences Department, Plant Sciences and Productions Axis, Plant Biology Laboratory, Passage des Déportés, 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yinghong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wensi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Youzhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shamloo-Dashtpagerdi R, Lindlöf A, Nouripour-Sisakht J. Unraveling the regulatory role of MYC2 on ASMT gene expression in wheat: Implications for melatonin biosynthesis and drought tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14015. [PMID: 37882265 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Recognized for its multifaceted functions, melatonin is a hormone found in both animals and plants. In the plant kingdom, it plays diverse roles, regulating growth, development, and stress responses. Notably, melatonin demonstrates its significance by mitigating the effects of abiotic stresses like drought. However, understanding the precise regulatory mechanisms controlling melatonin biosynthesis genes, especially during monocots' response to stresses, requires further exploration. Seeking to understand the molecular basis of drought stress tolerance in wheat, we analyzed RNA-Seq libraries of wheat exposed to drought stress using bioinformatics methods. In light of our findings, we identified that the Myelocytomatosis oncogenes 2 (MYC2) transcription factor is a hub gene upstream of a main melatonin biosynthesis gene, N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT), in the wheat drought response-gene network. Promoter analysis of the ASMT gene suggested that it might be a target gene of MYC2. We conducted a set of molecular and physiochemical assays along with robust machine learning approaches to elevate those findings further. MYC2 and ASMT were co-regulated under Jasmonate, drought, and a combination of them in the leaf tissues of wheat was detected. A meaningful correlation was observed among gene expression profiles, melatonin contents, photosynthetic activities, antioxidant enzyme activities, H2 O2 levels, and plasma membrane damage. The results indicated an evident relationship between jasmonic acid and the melatonin biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, it seems that the MYC2-ASMT module might contribute to wheat drought tolerance by regulating melatonin contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javad Nouripour-Sisakht
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agricultural Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Raja V, Qadir SU, Kumar N, Alsahli AA, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Melatonin and strigolactone mitigate chromium toxicity through modulation of ascorbate-glutathione pathway and gene expression in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107872. [PMID: 37478726 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is considered one of the most hazardous metal contaminant reducing crop production and putting human health at risk. Phytohormones are known to regulate chromium stress, however, the function of melatonin and strigolactones in Chromium stress tolerance in tomato is rarely investigated. Here we investigated the potential role of melatonin (ML) and strigolactone (SL) on mitigating Chromium toxicity in tomato. With exposure to 300 μM Cr stress a remarkable decline in growth (63.01%), biomass yield (50.25)%, Pigment content (24.32%), photosynthesis, gas exchange and Physico-biochemical attributes of tomato was observed. Cr treatment also resulted in oxidative stress closely associated with higher H2O2 generation (215.66%), Lipid peroxidation (50.29%), electrolyte leakage (440.01%) and accumulation of osmolytes like proline and glycine betine. Moreover, Cr toxicity up-regulated the transcriptional expression profiles of antioxidant, stress related and metal transporter genes and down-regulated the genes related to photosynthesis. The application of ML and SL alleviated the Cr induced phytotoxic effects on photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters and restored growth of tomato plants. ML and SL supplementation induced plant defense system via enhanced regulation of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate and glutathione pool and transcriptional regulation of several genes. The coordinated regulation of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems expressively suppressed the oxidative stress. Hence, ML and SL application might be considered as an effective approach for minimizing Cr uptake and its detrimental effects in tomato plants grown in contaminated soils. The study may also provide new insights into the role of transcriptional regulation in the protection against heavy metal toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaseem Raja
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Sami Ullah Qadir
- Department of Environmental Sciences Govt. Degree College for Women, Udhampur, 182101, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kuppusamy A, Alagarswamy S, Karuppusami KM, Maduraimuthu D, Natesan S, Ramalingam K, Muniyappan U, Subramanian M, Kanagarajan S. Melatonin Enhances the Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Mung Bean under Drought and High-Temperature Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2535. [PMID: 37447095 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean, a legume, is sensitive to abiotic stresses at different growth stages, and its yield potential is affected by drought and high-temperature stress at the sensitive stage. Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone that plays a vital role in plant stress defense mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of melatonin under individual and combined drought and high-temperature stress in mung bean. An experiment was laid out with five treatments, including an exogenous application of 100 µM melatonin as a seed treatment, foliar spray, and a combination of both seed treatment and foliar spray, as well as absolute control (ambient condition) and control (stress without melatonin treatment). Stresses were imposed during the mung bean's reproductive stage (31-40 DAS) for ten days. Results revealed that drought and high-temperature stress significantly decreased chlorophyll index, Fv/Fm ratio, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Foliar application of melatonin at 100 µM concentration enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase and the concentration of metabolites involved in osmoregulation and ion homeostasis; thereby, it improves physiological and yield-related traits in mung bean under individual and combined stress at the reproductive stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Kuppusamy
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Senthil Alagarswamy
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Kalarani M Karuppusami
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | | | - Senthil Natesan
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Kuttimani Ramalingam
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Umapathi Muniyappan
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Marimuthu Subramanian
- Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Eachangkottai, Thanjavur 614904, India
| | - Selvaraju Kanagarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, 23422 Lomma, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alavilli H, Yolcu S, Skorupa M, Aciksoz SB, Asif M. Salt and drought stress-mitigating approaches in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to improve its performance and yield. PLANTA 2023; 258:30. [PMID: 37358618 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Although sugar beet is a salt- and drought-tolerant crop, high salinity, and water deprivation significantly reduce its yield and growth. Several reports have demonstrated stress tolerance enhancement through stress-mitigating strategies including the exogenous application of osmolytes or metabolites, nanoparticles, seed treatments, breeding salt/drought-tolerant varieties. These approaches would assist in achieving sustainable yields despite global climatic changes. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an economically vital crop for ~ 30% of world sugar production. They also provide essential raw materials for bioethanol, animal fodder, pulp, pectin, and functional food-related industries. Due to fewer irrigation water requirements and shorter regeneration time than sugarcane, beet cultivation is spreading to subtropical climates from temperate climates. However, beet varieties from different geographical locations display different stress tolerance levels. Although sugar beet can endure moderate exposure to various abiotic stresses, including high salinity and drought, prolonged exposure to salt and drought stress causes a significant decrease in crop yield and production. Hence, plant biologists and agronomists have devised several strategies to mitigate the stress-induced damage to sugar beet cultivation. Recently, several studies substantiated that the exogenous application of osmolytes or metabolite substances can help plants overcome injuries induced by salt or drought stress. Furthermore, these compounds likely elicit different physio-biochemical impacts, including improving nutrient/ionic homeostasis, photosynthetic efficiency, strengthening defense response, and water status improvement under various abiotic stress conditions. In the current review, we compiled different stress-mitigating agricultural strategies, prospects, and future experiments that can secure sustainable yields for sugar beets despite high saline or drought conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Seher Yolcu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
| | - Monika Skorupa
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Seher Bahar Aciksoz
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li J, Zhu Q, Jiao F, Yan Z, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ding Z, Mu C, Liu X, Li Y, Chen J, Wang M. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Maize: A Classic Field That Needs New Efforts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2356. [PMID: 37375981 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Maize is the most important cereal crop globally. However, in recent years, maize production faced numerous challenges from environmental factors due to the changing climate. Salt stress is among the major environmental factors that negatively impact crop productivity worldwide. To cope with salt stress, plants developed various strategies, such as producing osmolytes, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and regulating ion transport. This review provides an overview of the intricate relationships between salt stress and several plant defense mechanisms, including osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species, plant hormones, and ions (Na+, K+, Cl-), which are critical for salt tolerance in maize. It addresses the regulatory strategies and key factors involved in salt tolerance, aiming to foster a comprehensive understanding of the salt tolerance regulatory networks in maize. These new insights will also pave the way for further investigations into the significance of these regulations in elucidating how maize coordinates its defense system to resist salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qinglin Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fuchao Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhenwei Yan
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chunhua Mu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingtang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lee K, Back K. Escherichia coli RimI Encodes Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase Activity and Its Overexpression Leads to Enhanced Growth and Melatonin Biosynthesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:908. [PMID: 37371488 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) functions as the penultimate or final enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis, depending on the substrate. The Escherichia coli orthologue of archaeal SNAT from Thermoplasma volcanium was identified as RimI (EcRimI), with 42% amino acid similarity to archaeal SNAT. EcRimI has been reported to be an N-acetyltransferase enzyme. Here, we investigated whether EcRimI also exhibits SNAT enzyme activity. To achieve this goal, we purified recombinant EcRimI and examined its SNAT enzyme kinetics. As expected, EcRimI showed SNAT activity toward various amine substrates including serotonin and 5-methoxytryptamine, with Km and Vmax values of 531 μM and 528 pmol/min/mg protein toward serotonin and 201 μM and 587 pmol/min/mg protein toward 5-methoxytryptamine, respectively. In contrast to the rimI mutant E. coli strain that showed no growth defect, the EcRimI overexpression strain exhibited a 2-fold higher growth rate than the control strain after 24 h incubation in nutrient-rich medium. The EcRimI overexpression strain produced more melatonin than the control strain in the presence of 5-methoxytryptamine. The enhanced growth effect of EcRimI overexpression was also observed under cadmium stress. The higher growth rate associated with EcRimI expression was attributed to increased protein N-acetyltransferase activity, increased synthesis of melatonin, or the combined effects of both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liang BW, Li C, Bai TH, Wang P. Editorial: Nutrient use efficiency of plants under abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1179842. [PMID: 37304712 PMCID: PMC10250746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1179842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tuan-Hui Bai
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wei H, Wang J, Wang Q, He W, Liao S, Huang J, Hu W, Tang M, Chen H. Role of melatonin in enhancing arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and mitigating cold stress in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123632. [PMID: 37283923 PMCID: PMC10239815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a biomolecule that affects plant development and is involved in protecting plants from environmental stress. However, the mechanisms of melatonin's impact on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and cold tolerance in plants are still unclear. In this research, AM fungi inoculation and exogenous melatonin (MT) were applied to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seedlings alone or in combination to investigate their effect on cold tolerance. The study was conducted in two parts. The initial trial examined two variables, AM inoculation, and cold stress, to investigate the involvement of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis in endogenous melatonin accumulation and the transcriptional levels of its synthesis genes in the root system of perennial ryegrass under cold stress. The subsequent trial was designed as a three-factor analysis, encompassing AM inoculation, cold stress, and melatonin application, to explore the effects of exogenous melatonin application on plant growth, AM symbiosis, antioxidant activity, and protective molecules in perennial ryegrass subjected to cold stress. The results of the study showed that compared to non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants, cold stress promoted an increase in the accumulation of melatonin in the AM-colonized counterparts. Acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) catalyzed the final enzymatic reaction in melatonin production. Melatonin accumulation was associated with the level of expression of the genes, LpASMT1 and LpASMT3. Treatment with melatonin can improve the colonization of AM fungi in plants. Simultaneous utilization of AM inoculation and melatonin treatment enhanced the growth, antioxidant activity, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, while simultaneously reducing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and altering osmotic regulation in the roots. These effects are expected to aid in the mitigation of cold stress in Lolium perenne. Overall, melatonin treatment would help Lolium perenne to improve growth by promoting AM symbiosis, improving the accumulation of protective molecules, and triggering in antioxidant activity under cold stress.
Collapse
|