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Zhu M, Cui L, Liu G, Yu P, Hu Q, Chen H, Hou H. UHPLC-MS/MS combined with microdialysis for simultaneous determination of nicotine and neurotransmitter metabolites in the rat hippocampal brain region: application to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3815-3830. [PMID: 38738307 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00522h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine crosses the blood-brain barrier and interacts with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, initiating a cascade of neurotransmitter effects with potential therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The hippocampus, pivotal for cognitive processes, plays a crucial role in nicotine-mediated cognitive enhancement due to its abundant expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly the α7 subtype, which is heavily implicated in hippocampus-related behavioral functions and dysfunctions. However, the intricate process of nicotine metabolism within the hippocampus remains poorly understood, impeding our comprehension of how nicotine and its metabolites modulate neurotransmitter dynamics. To address this gap, we have developed and validated a novel methodology combining microdialysis with UHPLC-MS/MS, enabling simultaneous detection of 12 neurotransmitters, nicotine, and its seven metabolites within the rat hippocampus. The linearity range of the targeted compounds is satisfactory (R2 > 0.9970), with intra-day and inter-day precision not exceeding 12.7%, and accuracy ranging from -12.4% to 13.7%. Our findings reveal differential pharmacokinetics of nicotine and its metabolites in the α7KO group compared to the control group, characterized by heightened nicotine absorption and slower elimination and distribution in the former. Notably, the pharmacokinetic parameters of cotinine exhibit similarity across both groups. Studies investigating the impact of nicotine on monoamine neurotransmitters have elucidated its capacity to augment the release of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, glutamate, and acetylcholine in the rat hippocampus. This integrated approach facilitates a comprehensive analysis of neurotransmitter alterations within the hippocampal region following nicotine administration, thereby providing robust technical support and scientific rationale for understanding the neurochemical effects of nicotine and its metabolites. Further exploration into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicotine holds promise for uncovering novel therapeutic avenues in the management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lili Cui
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guanglin Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Pengpeng Yu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 100101, China
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Singh N, Nandy SK, Jyoti A, Saxena J, Sharma A, Siddiqui AJ, Sharma L. Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Neurological Health: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease and Chronic Alcohol Consumption. Brain Sci 2024; 14:554. [PMID: 38928554 PMCID: PMC11201589 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a diverse enzyme family crucial for cell signalling in various organs. Its dysregulation is linked to numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological problems. In the brain, PKC plays pivotal roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and neuronal survival. Specifically, PKC's involvement in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis is of significant interest. The dysregulation of PKC signalling has been linked to neurological disorders, including AD. This review elucidates PKC's pivotal role in neurological health, particularly its implications in AD pathogenesis and chronic alcohol addiction. AD, characterised by neurodegeneration, implicates PKC dysregulation in synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Conversely, chronic alcohol consumption elicits neural adaptations intertwined with PKC signalling, exacerbating addictive behaviours. By unravelling PKC's involvement in these afflictions, potential therapeutic avenues emerge, offering promise for ameliorating their debilitating effects. This review navigates the complex interplay between PKC, AD pathology, and alcohol addiction, illuminating pathways for future neurotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Shouvik Kumar Nandy
- School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India;
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India;
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India;
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lalit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
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Sweileh WM. Technology-based interventions for tobacco smoking prevention and treatment: a 20-year bibliometric analysis (2003-2022). Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2024; 19:13. [PMID: 38321493 PMCID: PMC10848402 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-024-00595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance abuse, particularly tobacco smoking, is a significant global public health concern. Efforts have been made to reduce smoking prevalence and promote cessation, but challenges, such as nicotine addiction, marketing tactics by tobacco industry, and cultural acceptability hinder progress. Technology has emerged as a potential tool to address these challenges by providing innovative scalable interventions. The objective of the study was to analyze and map scientific literature on technology-based intervention for tobacco prevention and treatment. METHODS A bibliometric methodology was conducted. Scopus database was used to retrieve relevant research articles published between 2003 and 2022. The analysis included publication trends, key contributors, research hotspots, research themes, the most impactful articles, and emerging research topics. RESULTS A total of 639 articles were found, with a slow and fluctuating growth pattern observed after 2011. The Journal of Medical Internet Research was the most prominent journal in the field. The United States was the leading country in the field, followed up by the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Research hotspots included smoking cessation, randomized controlled trials, and technology-based methods such as internet, mHealth, smartphone apps, text messages, and social media. Four primary research themes were identified: development of smartphone applications, efficacy of text messaging interventions, acceptance and effectiveness of smartphone applications, and interventions targeting young adults and students using mobile phone and social media platforms. The top 10 cited articles demonstrated effectiveness of digital interventions in promoting smoking cessation rates and reducing relapse rates. Emerging research topics included the use of virtual reality interventions, interventions for specific populations through personalized tools, and technology-based interventions in non-Western countries. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study highlight the potential of technology to address the challenges associated with tobacco smoking. Further future research in this area is warranted to continue advancing the field and developing effective and evidence-based interventions to combat tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Sweileh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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Abraham MN, Nedeljkovic-Kurepa A, Fernandes TD, Yaipen O, Brewer MR, Leisman DE, Taylor MD, Deutschman CS. M1 cholinergic signaling in the brain modulates cytokine levels and splenic cell sub-phenotypes following cecal ligation and puncture. Mol Med 2024; 30:22. [PMID: 38317082 PMCID: PMC10845657 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of the central nervous system to sepsis pathobiology is incompletely understood. In previous studies, administration of endotoxin to mice decreased activity of the vagus anti-inflammatory reflex. Treatment with the centrally-acting M1 muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (M1AChR) attenuated this endotoxin-mediated change. We hypothesize that decreased M1AChR-mediated activity contributes to inflammation following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a mouse model of sepsis. METHODS In male C57Bl/6 mice, we quantified basal forebrain cholinergic activity (immunostaining), hippocampal neuronal activity, serum cytokine/chemokine levels (ELISA) and splenic cell subtypes (flow cytometry) at baseline, following CLP and following CLP in mice also treated with the M1AChR agonist xanomeline. RESULTS At 48 h. post-CLP, activity in basal forebrain cells expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was half of that observed at baseline. Lower activity was also noted in the hippocampus, which contains projections from ChAT-expressing basal forebrain neurons. Serum levels of TNFα, IL-1β, MIP-1α, IL-6, KC and G-CSF were higher post-CLP than at baseline. Post-CLP numbers of splenic macrophages and inflammatory monocytes, TNFα+ and ILβ+ neutrophils and ILβ+ monocytes were higher than baseline while numbers of central Dendritic Cells (cDCs), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were lower. When, following CLP, mice were treated with xanomeline activity in basal forebrain ChAT-expressing neurons and in the hippocampus was significantly higher than in untreated animals. Post-CLP serum concentrations of TNFα, IL-1β, and MIP-1α, but not of IL-6, KC and G-CSF, were significantly lower in xanomeline-treated mice than in untreated mice. Post-CLP numbers of splenic neutrophils, macrophages, inflammatory monocytes and TNFα+ neutrophils also were lower in xanomeline-treated mice than in untreated animals. Percentages of IL-1β+ neutrophils, IL-1β+ monocytes, cDCs, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were similar in xanomeline-treated and untreated post-CLP mice. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that M1AChR-mediated responses modulate CLP-induced alterations in serum levels of some, but not all, cytokines/chemokines and affected splenic immune response phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel N Abraham
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Sepsis Research Laboratories, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Room 3140, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Ana Nedeljkovic-Kurepa
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Sepsis Research Laboratories, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Room 3140, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tiago D Fernandes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Sepsis Research Laboratories, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Room 3140, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Omar Yaipen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Sepsis Research Laboratories, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Room 3140, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Mariana R Brewer
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Sepsis Research Laboratories, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Room 3140, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Daniel E Leisman
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Sepsis Research Laboratories, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Room 3140, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Clifford S Deutschman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
- Sepsis Research Laboratories, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Room 3140, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
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Miyoshi K, Kimura Y, Nakahata M, Miyawaki T. Foods and beverages associated with smoking craving in heated tobacco product and cigarette smokers: A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-01. [PMID: 38188940 PMCID: PMC10767721 DOI: 10.18332/tid/175623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Certain foods and beverages are associated with smoking craving. However, only few studies have explored the relationship between food or beverage-related and taste-associated smoking craving. In this study, we aimed to identify the types of foods related to smoking craving in Japanese individuals who smoke cigarettes or heated tobacco products (HTPs). METHODS A total of 657 individuals (HTP and cigarette smokers and never smokers) participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were asked what foods/beverages, tastes, seasonings, cooking methods, and cuisine categories, made them want to smoke and what foods they consumed. RESULTS Alcoholic beverages such as beer, coffee, and fat-rich foods were associated with a higher likelihood of smoking craving. Fruits, dairy products such as milk, and sweet and sour tastes, were associated with a lower likelihood of smoking craving. The daily intake of fruit and dairy products was significantly lower in cigarette and HTP smokers than in non-smokers (median fruit intake: non-smokers, 46.4 g/1000 kcal/day; cigarette smokers, 22.2 g/1000 kcal/day; HTP smokers, 31.4 g/1000 kcal/day; p<0.001; median dairy product intake: non-smokers, 76.3 g/day; cigarette smokers, 48.2 g/day; HTP smokers, 57.6 g/day; p<0.001) as assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (BDHQ). CONCLUSIONS Specific foods and beverages such as alcohol, fruits, and dairy products are related to smoking craving, and their intake differs according to smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiho Miyoshi
- Department of Living Environment, Graduate School of Home Economics, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Home Economics, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misaki Nakahata
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyawaki
- Department of Living Environment, Graduate School of Home Economics, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Home Economics, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kim K, Picciotto MR. Nicotine addiction: More than just dopamine. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102797. [PMID: 37832393 PMCID: PMC10842238 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research and anti-tobacco messaging, nicotine addiction remains an important public health problem leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. While fundamental studies have identified molecular, circuit-level and behavioral mechanisms important for nicotine reinforcement and withdrawal, recent studies have identified additional pathways that are important for both nicotine seeking and aversion. In particular, although dopaminergic mechanisms are necessary for nicotine-dependent reward and drug-seeking, novel glutamate and GABA signaling mechanisms in the mesolimbic system have been identified for their contributions to reward-related behaviors. An additional area of active investigation for nicotine addiction focuses on molecular mechanisms in the habenula-interpeduncular pathway driving nicotine aversion and withdrawal. Across all these domains, sex differences in the molecular basis of nicotine-induced behaviors have emerged that identify important new directions for future research. Recent studies reviewed here highlight additional pathways that could provide therapeutic targets for smoking cessation and problematic nicotine vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA. https://twitter.com/kristenkim415
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.
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Hauser SR, Waeiss RA, Deehan GA, Engleman EA, Bell RL, Rodd ZA. Adolescent alcohol and nicotine exposure alters the adult response to alcohol use. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11880. [PMID: 38389816 PMCID: PMC10880795 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence through young adulthood is a unique period of neuronal development and maturation. Numerous agents can alter this process, resulting in long-term neurological and biological consequences. In the clinical literature, it is frequently reported that adolescent alcohol consumption increases the propensity to develop addictions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD), during adulthood. A general limitation of both clinical and human pre-clinical adolescent alcohol research is the high rate of co-using/abusing more than one drug during adolescence, such as co-using/abusing alcohol with nicotine. A primary goal of basic research is elucidating neuroadaptations produced by adolescent alcohol exposure/consumption that promote alcohol and other drug self-administration in adulthood. The long-term goal is to develop pharmacotherapeutics for the prevention or amelioration of these neuroadaptations. This review will focus on studies that have examined the effects of adolescent alcohol and nicotine exposure on adult alcohol consumption, the hypersensitivity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, and enhanced responses not only to alcohol but also to nicotine during adulthood. Again, the long-term goal is to identify potential cholinergic agents to prevent or ameliorate the consequences of, peri-adolescent alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheketha R Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Robert A Waeiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Gerald A Deehan
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Eric A Engleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zachary A Rodd
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Abraham MN, Nedeljkovic-Kurepa A, Fernandes T, Yaipen O, Brewer MR, Taylor MD, Deutschman C. M1 Cholinergic Signaling Modulates Cytokine Levels and Splenocyte Sub-Phenotypes Following Cecal Ligation and Puncture. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3353062. [PMID: 37886474 PMCID: PMC10602092 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3353062/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The contribution of the central nervous system to sepsis pathobiology is incompletely understood. In previous studies, administration of endotoxin to mice decreased activity of the vagus anti-inflammatory reflex. Treatment with the centrally-acting M1/M4 muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (M1/M4AChR) attenuated this endotoxin-mediated change. We hypothesize that decreased M1/M4AChR-mediated activity contributes to inflammation following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a mouse model of sepsis. Methods Basal forebrain cholinergic activity (immunostaining), serum cytokine/chemokine levels (ELISA) and splenocyte subtypes (flow cytometry) were examined at baseline and following CLP in male C57BL/6 male mice. Rersults At 48hrs. post-CLP, activity in basal forebrain cells expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was half of that observed at baseline. Lower activity was also noted in the hippocampus, which contains projections from ChAT-expressing basal forebrain neurons. Serum levels of TNFα, IL-1β, MIP-1α, IL-6, KC and G-CSF were higher post-CLP than at baseline. Post-CLP numbers of splenic macrophages and inflammatory monocytes, TNFa+ and ILb+ neutrophils and ILb+ monocytes were higher than baseline while numbers of central Dendritic Cells (cDCs), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were lower. When, following CLP, mice were treated with xanomeline, a central-acting M1AChR agonist, activity in basal forebrain ChAT-expressing neurons and in the hippocampus was significantly higher than in untreated animals. Post-CLP serum concentrations of TNFα, IL-1β, and MIP-1α, but not of IL-6, KC and G-CSF, were significantly lower in xanomline-treated mice than in untreated mice. Post-CLP numbers of splenic neutrophils, macrophages, inflammatory monocytes and TNFα+ neutrophils also were lower in xanomeline-treated mice than in untreated animals. The effects of CLP on percentages of IL-1β+ neutrophils, IL-1β+ monocytes, cDCs, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were similar in xanomeline - treated and untreated post-CLP mice. Conclusion Our findings indicate that M1/M4AChR-mediated responses modulate CLP-induced alterations in the distribution of some, but not all, leukocyte phenotypes and certain cytokines and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omar Yaipen
- Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research
| | | | | | - Clifford Deutschman
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Hofstra University: Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
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Araujo-Silva H, de Souza AM, Mamede JPM, de Medeiros SRB, Luchiari AC. Individual differences in response to alcohol and nicotine in zebrafish: Gene expression and behavior. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:434-445. [PMID: 37435714 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and nicotine are psychoactive substances responsible for serious health consequences. Although the biological mechanisms of alcohol and nicotine have been studied extensively, individual differences in the response to these drugs have received little attention. Here we evaluated gene expression and behavior of bold and shy individuals after acute exposure to alcohol and nicotine. For this, zebrafish were classified as bold and shy individuals based on emergence tests, and then fish were exposed to 0.00, 0.10, and 0.50% alcohol or 0.00, 1.00, and 5.00 mg/L nicotine and their anxiety-like and locomotor behavior was observed. After behavioral assessment, brain mRNA expression (ache, bdnf, gaba1, gad1b, th1, and tph1) was evaluated. Locomotion patterns differed between profiles depending on alcohol and nicotine concentration. Anxiety increased in shy fish and decreased in bold fish after exposure to both drugs. Alcohol exposure induced an increase in tph1 mRNA expression in bold fish, while bdnf mRNA expression was increased in shy fish. Nicotine increased ache, bdnf, and tph1 mRNA levels in both profiles, but at higher levels in bold fish. Based on our research, we found that alcohol induces anxiogenic effects in both bold and shy zebrafish. Additionally, shy individuals exposed to a low concentration of nicotine exhibited stronger anxiety-like responses than their bold counterparts. These findings further support the validity of using zebrafish as a dependable tool for studying the effects of drugs and uncovering the underlying mechanisms associated with individual variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloysa Araujo-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Augusto Monteiro de Souza
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Medeiros Mamede
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Abstract
Diseases associated with nicotine dependence in the form of habitual tobacco use are a major cause of premature death in the United States. The majority of tobacco smokers will relapse within the first month of attempted abstinence. Smoking cessation agents increase the likelihood that smokers can achieve long-term abstinence. Nevertheless, currently available smoking cessation agents have limited utility and fail to prevent relapse in the majority of smokers. Pharmacotherapy is therefore an effective strategy to aid smoking cessation efforts but considerable risk of relapse persists even when the most efficacious medications currently available are used. The past decade has seen major breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and systems-level actions of nicotine in the brain that contribute to the development and maintenance of habitual tobacco use. In parallel, large-scale human genetics studies have revealed allelic variants that influence vulnerability to tobacco use disorder. These advances have revealed targets for the development of novel smoking cessation agents. Here, we summarize current efforts to develop smoking cessation therapeutics and highlight opportunities for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lengel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paul J. Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute (DDI), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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11
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Han M, Fu Y, Ji Q, Deng X, Fang X. The effectiveness of theory-based smoking cessation interventions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1510. [PMID: 37559043 PMCID: PMC10410903 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking cessation can effectively reduce the risk of death, alleviate respiratory symptoms, and decrease the frequency of acute exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Effective smoking cessation strategies are crucial for the prevention and treatment of COPD. Currently, clinical interventions based on theoretical frameworks are being increasingly used to help patients quit smoking and have shown promising results. However, theory-guided smoking cessation interventions have not been systematically evaluated or meta-analyzed for their effectiveness in COPD patients. To improve smoking cessation rates, this study sought to examine the effects of theory-based smoking cessation interventions on COPD patients. METHODS We adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for our systematic review and meta-analysis. The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP Information Services Platform, and China Biomedical Literature Service System were searched from the establishment of the database to April 20, 2023. The study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk assessment tool for bias. The revman5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. The I2 test was used for the heterogeneity test, the random effect model and fixed effect model were used for meta-analysis, and sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding individual studies. RESULTS A total of 11 RCTs involving 3,830 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that theory-based smoking cessation interventions improved smoking cessation rates, quality of life, and lung function in COPD patients compared to conventional nursing. However, these interventions did not significantly affect the level of nicotine dependence in patients. CONCLUSION Theory-based smoking cessation intervention as a non-pharmacologically assisted smoking cessation strategy has a positive impact on motivating COPD patients to quit smoking and improving their lung function and quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration Number: CRD42023434357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Han
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Fu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyue Ji
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Deng
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuewen Fang
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Suchanecka A, Boroń A, Chmielowiec K, Strońska-Pluta A, Masiak J, Lachowicz M, Chmielowiec J, Grzywacz A. Association of the rs3864283 Polymorphism Located in the HINT1 Gene with Cigarette Use and Personality Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10244. [PMID: 37373392 PMCID: PMC10299401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is the major reinforcing component of tobacco and it is believed that the pharmacological effects of nicotine motivate the initiation and maintenance of a smoking habit. HINT1 appears to play a role in the modulation of the effects of drug abuse. Hence, the aim of this study was the analysis of the association between the rs3864283 polymorphism of the HINT1 gene and cigarette use; the analysis of personality traits assessed by the means of the NEO-FFI Inventory; the analysis of anxiety measured by the STAI questionnaire; and the analysis of the interactions between the rs3864283 and both personality traits and anxiety. The study group consisted of 522 volunteers. Of these, 371 were cigarette users and 151 were never-smokers. The genomic DNA was isolated from venous blood using standard procedures. The results of both inventories, i.e., NEO-FFI and STAI., were reported as the sten scores. Genotyping was conducted with the real-time PCR method. Statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of rs3864283 genotypes and alleles in the tested sample of Cigarette Users when compared to the control group. The Cigarette Users compared to the control group obtained higher scores in the assessment of NEO-FFI extraversion scale, and significantly lower results were obtained for the NEO-FFI openness scale, the agreeableness scale, and the conscientiousness scale. There was a statistically significant effect of rs3864283 genotype interaction and Cigarette Use or not using (control group) on the extraversion scale. There was also a statistically significant effect of Cigarette Users or the control group on the extraversion scale score. The results obtained in the presented study indicated a significant association between the HINT1 rs3864283 variant and smoking status. Moreover, this is the first study incorporating genetic association of above-mentioned polymorphic site with interaction analysis of personality traits and anxiety. Overall, the results of this study suggest that HINT1 is an important genetic component associated with nicotine usage mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Suchanecka
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Boroń
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Aleja Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; (K.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- Second Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Głuska St., 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Milena Lachowicz
- Department of Psychology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; (K.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.-P.)
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13
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Hong E. Social conflict: Illuminating the great resignation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R440-R442. [PMID: 37279664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Social conflict between conspecifics results in the establishment of a hierarchy composed of a winner and loser. A recent study elucidates the molecular mechanism that may underlie the behavioral switch between winner and loser states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elim Hong
- INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.
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14
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Carrette LLG, Kimbrough A, Davoudian PA, Kwan AC, Collazo A, George O. Hyperconnectivity of Two Separate Long-Range Cholinergic Systems Contributes to the Reorganization of the Brain Functional Connectivity during Nicotine Withdrawal in Male Mice. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0019-23.2023. [PMID: 37295945 PMCID: PMC10306126 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0019-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic nicotine results in dependence with withdrawal symptoms on discontinuation of use, through desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and altered cholinergic neurotransmission. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with increased whole-brain functional connectivity and decreased network modularity; however, the role of cholinergic neurons in those changes is unknown. To identify the contribution of nicotinic receptors and cholinergic regions to changes in the functional network, we analyzed the contribution of the main cholinergic regions to brain-wide activation of the immediate early-gene Fos during withdrawal in male mice and correlated these changes with the expression of nicotinic receptor mRNA throughout the brain. We show that the main functional connectivity modules included the main long-range cholinergic regions, which were highly synchronized with the rest of the brain. However, despite this hyperconnectivity, they were organized into two anticorrelated networks that were separated into basal forebrain-projecting and brainstem-thalamic-projecting cholinergic regions, validating a long-standing hypothesis of the organization of the brain cholinergic systems. Moreover, baseline (without nicotine) expression of Chrna2, Chrna3, Chrna10, and Chrnd mRNA of each brain region correlated with withdrawal-induced changes in Fos expression. Finally, by mining the Allen Brain mRNA expression database, we were able to identify 1755 gene candidates and three pathways (Sox2-Oct4-Nanog, JAK-STAT, and MeCP2-GABA) that may contribute to nicotine withdrawal-induced Fos expression. These results identify the dual contribution of the basal forebrain and brainstem-thalamic cholinergic systems to whole-brain functional connectivity during withdrawal; and identify nicotinic receptors and novel cellular pathways that may be critical for the transition to nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, California 92093
| | - Pasha A Davoudian
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Andres Collazo
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, California 92093
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15
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Gearhardt AN, DiFeliceantonio AG. Highly processed foods can be considered addictive substances based on established scientific criteria. Addiction 2023; 118:589-598. [PMID: 36349900 DOI: 10.1111/add.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that an addictive-eating phenotype may exist. There is significant debate regarding whether highly processed foods (HPFs; foods with refined carbohydrates and/or added fats) are addictive. The lack of scientifically grounded criteria to evaluate the addictive nature of HPFs has hindered the resolution of this debate. ANALYSIS The most recent scientific debate regarding a substance's addictive potential centered around tobacco. In 1988, the Surgeon General issued a report identifying tobacco products as addictive based on three primary scientific criteria: their ability to (1) cause highly controlled or compulsive use, (2) cause psychoactive (i.e. mood-altering) effects via their effect on the brain and (3) reinforce behavior. Scientific advances have now identified the ability of tobacco products to (4) trigger strong urges or craving as another important indicator of addictive potential. Here, we propose that these four criteria provide scientifically valid benchmarks that can be used to evaluate the addictiveness of HPFs. Then, we review the evidence regarding whether HPFs meet each criterion. Finally, we consider the implications of labeling HPFs as addictive. CONCLUSION Highly processed foods (HPFs) can meet the criteria to be labeled as addictive substances using the standards set for tobacco products. The addictive potential of HPFs may be a key factor contributing to the high public health costs associated with a food environment dominated by cheap, accessible and heavily marketed HPFs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra G DiFeliceantonio
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA.,Department of Human Nutrition Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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16
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Ables JL, Park K, Ibañez-Tallon I. Understanding the habenula: A major node in circuits regulating emotion and motivation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106734. [PMID: 36933754 PMCID: PMC11081310 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the understanding of the habenula has rapidly advanced from being an understudied brain area with the Latin name 'habena" meaning "little rein", to being considered a "major rein" in the control of key monoaminergic brain centers. This ancient brain structure is a strategic node in the information flow from fronto-limbic brain areas to brainstem nuclei. As such, it plays a crucial role in regulating emotional, motivational, and cognitive behaviors and has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and addiction. This review will summarize recent findings on the medial (MHb) and lateral (LHb) habenula, their topographical projections, cell types, and functions. Additionally, we will discuss contemporary efforts that have uncovered novel molecular pathways and synaptic mechanisms with a focus on MHb-Interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) synapses. Finally, we will explore the potential interplay between the habenula's cholinergic and non-cholinergic components in coordinating related emotional and motivational behaviors, raising the possibility that these two pathways work together to provide balanced roles in reward prediction and aversion, rather than functioning independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ables
- Psychiatry Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kwanghoon Park
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inés Ibañez-Tallon
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Carrette LL, Kimbrough A, Davoudian PA, Kwan AC, Collazo A, George O. Hyperconnectivity of two separate long-range cholinergic systems contributes to the reorganization of the brain functional connectivity during nicotine withdrawal in male mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.29.534836. [PMID: 37034602 PMCID: PMC10081261 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.534836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic nicotine results in dependence with withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation of use, through desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and altered cholinergic neurotransmission. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with increased whole-brain functional connectivity and decreased network modularity, however, the role of cholinergic neurons in those changes is unknown. To identify the contribution of nicotinic receptors and cholinergic regions to changes in the functional network, we analyzed the contribution of the main cholinergic regions to brain-wide activation of the immediate early-gene FOS during withdrawal in male mice and correlated these changes with the expression of nicotinic receptor mRNA throughout the brain. We show that the main functional connectivity modules included the main long-range cholinergic regions, which were highly synchronized with the rest of the brain. However, despite this hyperconnectivity they were organized into two anticorrelated networks that were separated into basal forebrain projecting and brainstem-thalamic projecting cholinergic regions, validating a long-standing hypothesis of the organization of the brain cholinergic systems. Moreover, baseline (without nicotine) expression of Chrna2 , Chrna3 , Chrna10 , and Chrnd mRNA of each brain region correlated with withdrawal-induced changes in FOS expression. Finally, by mining the Allen Brain mRNA expression database, we were able to identify 1755 gene candidates and three pathways (Sox2-Oct4-Nanog, JAK-STAT, and MeCP2-GABA) that may contribute to nicotine withdrawal-induced FOS expression. These results identify the dual contribution of the basal forebrain and brainstem-thalamic cholinergic systems to whole-brain functional connectivity during withdrawal; and identify nicotinic receptors and novel cellular pathways that may be critical for the transition to nicotine dependence. Significance Statement Discontinuation of nicotine use in dependent users is associated with increased whole-brain activation and functional connectivity and leads to withdrawal symptoms. Here we investigated the contribution of the nicotinic cholinergic receptors and main cholinergic projecting brain areas in the whole-brain changes associated with withdrawal. This not only allowed us to visualize and confirm the previously described duality of the cholinergic brain system using this novel methodology, but also identify nicotinic receptors together with 1751 other genes that contribute, and could thus be targets for treatments against, nicotine withdrawal and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92032, United States
| | - Pasha A. Davoudian
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | - Alex C. Kwan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Andres Collazo
- Beckman Institute, CalTech, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92032, United States
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18
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Long DD, Zhang YZ, Liu A, Shen L, Wei HR, Lou QQ, Hu SS, Chen DY, Chai XQ, Wang D. Microglia sustain anterior cingulate cortex neuronal hyperactivity in nicotine-induced pain. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:81. [PMID: 36944965 PMCID: PMC10031886 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term smoking is a risk factor for chronic pain, and chronic nicotine exposure induces pain-like effects in rodents. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been demonstrated to be associated with pain and substance abuse. This study aims to investigate whether ACC microglia are altered in response to chronic nicotine exposure and their interaction with ACC neurons and subsequent nicotine-induced allodynia in mice. METHODS We utilized a mouse model that was fed nicotine water for 28 days. Brain slices of the ACC were collected for morphological analysis to evaluate the impacts of chronic nicotine on microglia. In vivo calcium imaging and whole-cell patch clamp were used to record the excitability of ACC glutamatergic neurons. RESULTS Compared to the vehicle control, the branch endpoints and the length of ACC microglial processes decreased in nicotine-treated mice, coinciding with the hyperactivity of glutamatergic neurons in the ACC. Inhibition of ACC glutamatergic neurons alleviated nicotine-induced allodynia and reduced microglial activation. On the other hand, reactive microglia sustain ACC neuronal excitability in response to chronic nicotine, and pharmacological inhibition of microglia by minocycline or liposome-clodronate reduces nicotine-induced allodynia. The neuron-microglia interaction in chronic nicotine-induced allodynia is mediated by increased expression of neuronal CX3CL1, which activates microglia by acting on CX3CR1 receptors on microglial cells. CONCLUSION Together, these findings underlie a critical role of ACC microglia in the maintenance of ACC neuronal hyperactivity and resulting nociceptive hypersensitivity in chronic nicotine-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Long
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yu-Zhuo Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Hong-Rui Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Qian-Qian Lou
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Shan-Shan Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Dan-Yang Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chai
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Di Wang
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230001, China.
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19
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Calakos KC, Hillmer AT, Anderson JM, LeVasseur B, Baldassarri SR, Angarita GA, Matuskey D, Kapinos M, Zheng MQ, Huang Y, Cosgrove KP. Cholinergic system adaptations are associated with cognitive function in people recently abstinent from smoking: a (-)-[ 18F]flubatine PET study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:683-689. [PMID: 36681758 PMCID: PMC9938267 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic system is a critical mediator of cognition in animals. People who smoke cigarettes exhibit cognitive deficits, especially during quit attempts. Few studies jointly examine the cholinergic system and cognition in people while trying to quit smoking. We used positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging with the β2-subunit containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (β2*-nAChR) partial agonist radioligand (-)-[18F]flubatine and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine to jointly examine the cholinergic system, smoking status, and cognition. (-)-[18F]Flubatine scans and cognitive data were acquired from twenty people who recently stopped smoking cigarettes (aged 38 ± 11 years; 6 female, 14 male; abstinent 7 ± 1 days) and 27 people who never smoked cigarettes (aged 29 ± 8 years; 11 female, 16 male). A subset of fifteen recently abstinent smokers and 21 never smokers received a mid-scan physostigmine challenge to increase acetylcholine levels. Regional volume of distribution (VT) was estimated with equilibrium analysis at "baseline" and post-physostigmine. Participants completed a cognitive battery prior to (-)-[18F]flubatine injection and physostigmine administration assessing executive function (Groton Maze Learning test), verbal learning (International Shopping List test), and working memory (One Back test). Physostigmine significantly decreased cortical (-)-[18F]flubatine VT, consistent with increased cortical acetylcholine levels reducing the number of β2*-nAChR sites available for (-)-[18F]flubatine binding, at comparable magnitudes across groups (p values < 0.05). A larger magnitude of physostigmine-induced decrease in (-)-[18F]flubatine VT was significantly associated with worse executive function in people who recently stopped smoking (p values < 0.05). These findings underscore the role of the cholinergic system in early smoking cessation and highlight the importance of neuroscience-informed treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina C Calakos
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Brittany LeVasseur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen R Baldassarri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, & Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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20
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Kanasuwan A, Deuther-Conrad W, Chongruchiroj S, Sarasamkan J, Chotipanich C, Vajragupta O, Arunrungvichian K. Selective α 3β 4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligand as a Potential Tracer for Drug Addiction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043614. [PMID: 36835028 PMCID: PMC9959096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
α3β4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been recognized as an emerging biomarker for the early detection of drug addiction. Herein, α3β4 nAChR ligands were designed and synthesized to improve the binding affinity and selectivity of two lead compounds, (S)-QND8 and (S)-T2, for the development of an α3β4 nAChR tracer. The structural modification was achieved by retaining the key features and expanding the molecular structure with a benzyloxy group to increase the lipophilicity for blood-brain barrier penetration and to extend the ligand-receptor interaction. The preserved key features are a fluorine atom for radiotracer development and a p-hydroxyl motif for ligand-receptor binding affinity. Four (R)- and (S)-quinuclidine-triazole (AK1-AK4) were synthesized and the binding affinity, together with selectivity to α3β4 nAChR subtype, were determined by competitive radioligand binding assay using [3H]epibatidine as a radioligand. Among all modified compounds, AK3 showed the highest binding affinity and selectivity to α3β4 nAChR with a Ki value of 3.18 nM, comparable to (S)-QND8 and (S)-T2 and 3069-fold higher affinity to α3β4 nAChR in comparison to α7 nAChR. The α3β4 nAChR selectivity of AK3 was considerably higher than those of (S)-QND8 (11.8-fold) and (S)-T2 (294-fold). AK3 was shown to be a promising α3β4 nAChR tracer for further development as a radiotracer for drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinan Kanasuwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Kamphaengphet 6 Rd., Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sumet Chongruchiroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jiradanai Sarasamkan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Rd., Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Chotipanich
- National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Kamphaengphet 6 Rd., Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Molecular Probes for Imaging Research Network, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kuntarat Arunrungvichian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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21
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Zhang M, Zhao Y, Shi H. Topping and grafting affect the alkaloid content and gene expression patterns of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e478. [PMID: 36620076 PMCID: PMC9813339 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of topping and grafting in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by comparing the alkaloid contents and enrichment pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among plants subjected to different combinations of topping and grafting treatments. Plants of the tobacco variety "Zhongyan 100" and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) were grafted in four combinations as scions and rootstocks, respectively. The four treatment groups were tobacco with topping, tobacco without topping, topped tobacco grafted onto an eggplant rootstock, and non-topped tobacco grafted onto an eggplant rootstock. Tobacco leaves were collected on the day of topping, at 7 days after topping, and after flue curing, the alkaloid contents of the collected leaves were determined. Leaves of plants subjected to the different treatments were collected for RNA sequencing and screened for DEGs, which were subsequently subjected to functional enrichment analyses. Analyses revealed reductions in the leaf alkaloid contents of tobacco subjected to combined topping and eggplant grafting. Gene annotation indicated that topping influences biological processes such as starch metabolism and stress response, whereas grafting affected the biosynthesis and metabolic pathways of secondary metabolites. Downregulated DEGs between non-topped tobacco and eggplant-grafted topped tobacco and between topped and non-topped tobacco are mainly involved in inositol phosphate metabolic and biosynthetic processes. Downregulated DEGs between different grafting methods (eggplant-grafted non-topped tobacco vs. non-topped tobacco and eggplant-grafted topped tobacco vs. topped tobacco) are mainly involved in sesquiterpene synthase activity and photosynthesis. The findings of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of topping and grafting on tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Zhang
- College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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22
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Baldassarri SR, Asch RH, Hillmer AT, Pietrzak RH, DellaGioia N, Esterlis I, Davis MT. Nicotine Use and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 in Individuals With Major Depressive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2023; 7:24705470231154842. [PMID: 36843572 PMCID: PMC9943964 DOI: 10.1177/24705470231154842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) dysregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders, as well as nicotine use and dependence. We used positron emission tomography with [18F]FPEB to measure mGluR5 availability in vivo in 6 groups: (1) nicotine users (NUs) without other psychiatric comorbidities (n = 23); (2) comparison controls (CCs) without nicotine use or psychiatric comorbidities (n = 38); (3) major depressive disorder subjects with concurrent nicotine use (MDD-NU; n = 19); (4) MDD subjects without concurrent nicotine use (MDD-CC; n = 20); (5) posttraumatic stress disorder subjects with concurrent nicotine use (PTSD-NU; n = 17); and (6) PTSD subjects without concurrent nicotine use (PTSD-CC; n = 16). The goal of the study was to test the hypothesis that mGluR5 availability in key corticolimbic regions of interest (ROIs) is different in NU with versus without comorbid psychiatric disorders (ROI: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [dlPFC], orbitofrontal cortex [OFC], ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC], anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], amygdala, hippocampus). We found that NU had 11%-13% lower mGluR5 availability in OFC, vmPFC, dlPFC, and ACC as compared with CC, while PTSD-NU had 9%-11% higher mGluR5 availability in OFC, dlPFC, and ACC compared with PTSD. Furthermore, relationships between mGluR5 availability and psychiatric symptoms varied as a function of psychiatric diagnosis among NUs. NU showed a negative correlation between mGluR5 and smoking cravings and urges (r's = -0.58 to -0.70, p's = 0.011 - 0.047), while PTSD-NU had the reverse relationship (r's = 0.60-0.71, p's = 0.013-0.035 in ACC, vmPFC, and dlPFC). These findings have substantial implications for our understanding of glutamate homeostasis in psychiatric subgroups and for identifying key neural phenotypes among NU. mGluR5 is a potential treatment target for precision medicine in individuals with nicotine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Baldassarri
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine,
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth H. Asch
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Radiology, and
Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA National Center for PTSD Clinical Neurosciences Division, New
Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicole DellaGioia
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA National Center for PTSD Clinical Neurosciences Division, New
Haven, CT, USA
| | - Margaret T. Davis
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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23
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Liu G, Wang R, Chen H, Wu P, Fu Y, Li K, Liu M, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Su Y, Song L, Hou H, Hu Q. Non-nicotine constituents in cigarette smoke extract enhance nicotine addiction through monoamine oxidase A inhibition. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1058254. [PMID: 36507317 PMCID: PMC9729261 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1058254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco addiction has been largely attributed to nicotine, a component in tobacco leaves and smoke. However, extensive evidence suggests that some non-nicotine components of smoke should not be overlooked when considering tobacco dependence. Yet, their individual effect and synergistic effect on nicotine reinforcement remain poorly understood. The study herein focused on the role of non-nicotine constituents in promoting the effects of nicotine and their independent reinforcing effects. Denicotinized cigarettes were prepared by chemical extracting of cut tobacco, and the cigarette smoke extracts (CSE, used as a proxy for non-nicotine ingredients) were obtained by machine-smoking the cigarettes and DMSO extraction. The compositions of harmful components, nicotine, and other minor alkaloids in both cut tobacco and the CSE of experimental denicotinized cigarettes were examined by GC-MS, and compared with 3R4F reference cigarettes. individually and in synergy with nicotine were determined by conditioned place preference (CPP), dopamine (DA) level detection, the open field test (OFT), and the elevated plus maze (EPM). Finally, the potential enhancement mechanism of non-nicotinic constituents was investigated by nicotine metabolism and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) activity inhibition in the striatum of mice and human recombinant MAOA. Thenicotine content in smoke from the experimental denicotinized cigarettes (under ISO machine-smoking conditions) was reduced by 95.1% and retained most minor alkaloids, relative to the 3R4F reference cigarettes. It was found that non-nicotine constituents increased acute locomotor activities. This was especially pronounced for DA levels in NAc and CPP scores, decreased the time in center zone. There were no differences in these metrics with DNC group when compared to the NS group. Non-nicotine constituents alone did not show reinforcing effects in CPP or striatum DA levels in mice. However, in the presence of nicotine, non-nicotine constituents further increased the reinforcing effects. Furthermore, non-nicotine constituents may enhance nicotine's reinforcing effects by inhibiting striatum MAOA activity rather than affecting nicotine metabolism or total striatum DA content in mice. These findings expand our knowledge of the effect on smoking reinforcement of non-nicotine constituents found in tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiyan Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Fu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingda Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Su
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Song
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongwei Hou,
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China,Qingyuan Hu,
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24
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Dips in dopamine say "no" to nicotine. Neuron 2022; 110:2895-2898. [PMID: 36137519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine has both rewarding and aversive effects. In this issue of Neuron, Liu et al. show that nicotine aversion depends on both desensitization of high-affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that activate midbrain dopamine neurons and activation of low-affinity nAChRs that inhibit dopamine neurons via the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT).
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25
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Ramaekers JG, Theunissen EL, van Ruitenbeek P, Mason NL. Cannabis Use and Neuroadaptation: A Call for Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol Challenge Studies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:870750. [PMID: 35492732 PMCID: PMC9046729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the assessment of the neurobehavioral consequences of repeated cannabis use is restricted to studies in which brain function of chronic cannabis users is compared to that of non-cannabis using controls. The assumption of such studies is that changes in brain function of chronic users are caused by repeated and prolonged exposure to acute cannabis intoxication. However, differences in brain function between chronic cannabis users and non-users might also arise from confounding factors such as polydrug use, alcohol use, withdrawal, economic status, or lifestyle conditions. We propose a methodology that highlights the relevance of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dosing studies for a direct assessment of neuroadaptations in chronic cannabis users. The approach includes quantification of neurochemical, receptor, and functional brain network changes in response to an acute cannabis challenge, as well as stratification of cannabis using groups ranging from occasional to cannabis-dependent individuals. The methodology allows for an evaluation of THC induced neuroadaptive and neurocognitive changes across cannabis use history, that can inform neurobiological models on reward driven, compulsive cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Eef L Theunissen
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peter van Ruitenbeek
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Natasha L Mason
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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26
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Ye Z, Mo C, Ke H, Yan Q, Chen C, Kochunov P, Hong LE, Mitchell BD, Chen S, Ma T. Meta-Analysis of Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies across 13 Brain Tissues Identified Novel Clusters of Genes Associated with Nicotine Addiction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:37. [PMID: 35052378 PMCID: PMC8775257 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified and reproduced thousands of diseases associated loci, but many of them are not directly interpretable due to the strong linkage disequilibrium among variants. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) incorporated expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) cohorts as a reference panel to detect associations with the phenotype at the gene level and have been gaining popularity in recent years. For nicotine addiction, several important susceptible genetic variants were identified by GWAS, but TWAS that detected genes associated with nicotine addiction and unveiled the underlying molecular mechanism were still lacking. In this study, we used eQTL data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) consortium as a reference panel to conduct tissue-specific TWAS on cigarettes per day (CPD) over thirteen brain tissues in two large cohorts: UK Biobank (UKBB; number of participants (N) = 142,202) and the GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN; N = 143,210), then meta-analyzing the results across tissues while considering the heterogeneity across tissues. We identified three major clusters of genes with different meta-patterns across tissues consistent in both cohorts, including homogenous genes associated with CPD in all brain tissues; partially homogeneous genes associated with CPD in cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus tissues; and, lastly, the tissue-specific genes associated with CPD in only a few specific brain tissues. Downstream enrichment analyses on each gene cluster identified unique biological pathways associated with CPD and provided important biological insights into the regulatory mechanism of nicotine dependence in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyao Ye
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.Y.); (C.M.); (P.K.); (L.E.H.)
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Chen Mo
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.Y.); (C.M.); (P.K.); (L.E.H.)
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Hongjie Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Qi Yan
- Irving Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.Y.); (C.M.); (P.K.); (L.E.H.)
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.Y.); (C.M.); (P.K.); (L.E.H.)
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.Y.); (C.M.); (P.K.); (L.E.H.)
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
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27
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Moen JK, Lee AM. Sex Differences in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor System of Rodents: Impacts on Nicotine and Alcohol Reward Behaviors. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:745783. [PMID: 34621155 PMCID: PMC8490611 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.745783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and nicotine are the two most widely used and misused drugs around the world, and co-consumption of both substances is highly prevalent. Multiple lines of evidence show a profound effect of sex in many aspects of alcohol and nicotine reward, with women having more difficulty quitting smoking and showing a faster progression toward developing alcohol use disorder compared with men. Both alcohol and nicotine require neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to elicit rewarding effects within the mesolimbic system, representing a shared molecular pathway that likely contributes to the frequent comorbidity of alcohol and nicotine dependence. However, the majority of preclinical studies on the mechanisms of alcohol and nicotine reward behaviors utilize only male rodents, and thus our understanding of alcohol and nicotine neuropharmacology relies heavily on male data. As preclinical research informs the development and refinement of therapies to help patients reduce drug consumption, it is critical to understand the way biological sex and sex hormones influence the rewarding properties of alcohol and nicotine. In this review, we summarize what is known about sex differences in rodent models of alcohol and nicotine reward behaviors with a focus on neuronal nAChRs, highlighting exciting areas for future research. Additionally, we discuss the way circulating sex hormones may interact with neuronal nAChRs to influence reward-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna K Moen
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Anna M Lee
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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28
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Hauser SR, Rodd ZA, Deehan GA, Liang T, Rahman S, Bell RL. Effects of adolescent substance use disorders on central cholinergic function. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:175-221. [PMID: 34696873 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, in which the individual undergoes significant cognitive, behavioral, physical, emotional, and social developmental changes. During this period, adolescents engage in experimentation and risky behaviors such as licit and illicit drug use. Adolescents' high vulnerability to abuse drugs and natural reinforcers leads to greater risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs) during adulthood. Accumulating evidence indicates that the use and abuse of licit and illicit drugs during adolescence and emerging adulthood can disrupt the cholinergic system and its processes. This review will focus on the effects of peri-adolescent nicotine and/or alcohol use, or exposure, on the cholinergic system during adulthood from preclinical and clinical studies. This review further explores potential cholinergic agents and pharmacological manipulations to counteract peri-adolescent nicotine and/or alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Z A Rodd
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - G A Deehan
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - T Liang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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29
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Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1381-1390. [PMID: 34003454 PMCID: PMC8129607 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), an age-related progressive neurodegenerative condition, is associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which results in motor deficits characterized by the following: akinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability, as well as nonmotor symptoms such as emotional changes, particularly depression, cognitive impairment, gastrointestinal, and autonomic dysfunction. The most common treatment for PD is focused on dopamine (DA) replacement (e.g., levodopa = L-Dopa), which unfortunately losses its efficacy over months or years and can induce severe dyskinesia. Hence, more efficacious interventions without such adverse effects are urgently needed. In this review, following a general description of PD, potential novel therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease are examined. Specifically, the focus is on nicotine and nicotinic cholinergic system, as well as butyrate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and fatty acid receptors.
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30
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Lawrence AJ. Should we or shouldn't we?: Preface to the Special Issue "Neurochemistry of Reward-Seeking". J Neurochem 2021; 157:1405-1407. [PMID: 33891317 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reward-seeking is critical for survival. Learning about the relationship between actions and outcomes helps us to make decisions and select behaviours that result in a specific outcome. This special issue entitled "The Neurochemistry of Reward-Seeking" addresses this crucial facet of behaviour and brings together a number of key thought-leaders to provide a timely update on the circuitry, chemistry and mechanisms underlying different aspects of reward-seeking. The reviews in this issue canvass unanswered questions in the field and provide a degree of forethought about how we may advance our understanding of reward-seeking by embracing novel technology alongside existing scholarship. This issue also highlights the neurochemical complexity of reward-seeking, and the reader will uncover both distinct and shared circuits and transmitters driving various forms of reward-seeking. Accordingly, we hope that this special issue will provide a valuable resource for the field and trigger future research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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