1
|
Hou M, Ye M, Ma X, Sun Y, Yao G, Liu L, Li X, Hu Y, Wang J. Colon microbiota and metabolite potential impact on tail fat deposition of Altay sheep. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0310323. [PMID: 38647275 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03103-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tail fat deposition of Altay sheep not only increased the cost of feeding but also reduced the economic value of meat. Currently, because artificial tail removal and gene modification methods cannot solve this problem, it is maybe to consider reducing tail fat deposition from the path of intestinal microbiota and metabolite. We measured body weight and tail fat weight, collected the serum for hormone detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and collected colon contents to 16S rRNA sequence and liquid chromotography with mass spectrometry detection to obtain colon microbiota and metabolite information, from 12 3-month-old and 6-month-old Altay sheep. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlation between colon microbiota and tail fat weight, hormones, and metabolites, respectively. We identified that the tail fat deposition of Altay sheep increased significantly with the increase of age and body weight, and the main microbiota that changed were Verrucomicrobia, Cyanobacteria, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, Escherichia-Shigella, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. The results indicated that the diversities of metabolites in the colon contents of 3-months old and 6-months old were mainly reflected in phosphocholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the lipid metabolism pathway. The correlations analyzed showed that Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, Akkermansia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Bacteroides, and Phocaeicola were negatively correlated with tail fat deposition. Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides were negatively correlated with growth hormone (GH). Verrucomicrobia was positively correlated with L-a-lysophosphatidylserine and PE(18:1(9Z)/0:0). Our results showed that tail fat deposition of Altay sheep was probably correlated with the abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia, Bacteroides of colon microbiota, PC, PE of metabolites, and GH of serum. IMPORTANCE Excessive tail fat deposition of Altay sheep caused great economic losses, and the current research results could not solve this problem well. Now, our research speculates that the tail fat deposition of Aletay sheep may be related to the abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, metabolites phosphocholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and growth hormone of serum. Further investigation of the interaction mechanism between these microbiota or metabolites and tail fat deposition is helpful in reducing tail fat deposition of Altay sheep and increasing the economic benefits of breeding farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mengjun Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuelian Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gang Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science Animal Medical Research Center, Urumqi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Animal Disease Control and Diagnosis Center of Altay Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Technology Talent Development Center of The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoo E, Choi HJ, Kim JK, Kim YM, Park JS, Han JY. Sustainable production of multimeric and functional recombinant human adiponectin using genome-edited chickens. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:32. [PMID: 38715027 PMCID: PMC11077872 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (ADPN) plays a critical role in endocrine and cardiovascular functions, but traditional production methods, such as Escherichia coli and mammalian systems, have faced challenges in generating sufficiently active middle molecular weight (MMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) forms of recombinant human ADPN (hADPN). In our previous study, we proposed genome-edited chickens as an efficient platform for producing multimeric hADPN. However, the consistency of multimeric hADPN expression in this system across generations had not been further investigated. RESULTS In this study, subsequent generations of ovalbumin (OVA) ADPN knock-in chickens showed stable multimeric hADPN production, yielding ~ 26% HMW ADPN (0.59 mg/mL) per hen. Comparative analysis revealed that egg white (EW)-derived hADPN predominantly consisted of hexameric and HMW forms, similar to serum-derived hADPN. In contrast, hADPN obtained from human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 and High-Five (Hi-5) cells also exhibited the presence of trimers, indicating variability across different production systems. Furthermore, transcriptional expression analysis of ADPN multimerization-associated endoplasmic reticulum chaperone genes (Ero1-Lα, DsbA-L, ERP44, and PDI) indicated upregulation in the oviduct magnum of ADPN KI hens, suggesting the chicken oviduct magnum as the optimal site for HMW ADPN production. Lastly, the functional analysis demonstrated that EW-derived hADPN significantly reduced lipid droplets and downregulated lipid accumulation-related genes (LOX-1, AT1R, FAS, and FABP4) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CONCLUSION In summary, stable and functional multimeric hADPN can be produced in genome-edited chickens even after generations. This highlights the potential of using chicken bioreactor for producing various high-value proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunhui Yoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of International Agricultural Technology & Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Avinnogen Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Avinnogen Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Madadi S, Hasasnpour S, Zendehdel M, Vazir B, Jahandideh A. Role of central Adiponectin and its interactions with NPY and GABAergic systems on food intake in neonatal layer chicken. Neurosci Lett 2023; 808:137283. [PMID: 37142113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Adiponectin is a member of the adipokine family and contributes to regulating energy homeostasis, reproduction, and various biological functions, such as insulin receptor signaling pathway sensitivity, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, neurogenesis, and suppression of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of adiponectin and its interaction with the neuropeptide Y (NPY) and GABAergic systems on central appetite regulation in neonatal layer-type chickens. MATERIALS & METHODS In this study, 6 experiments were conducted, each of which included 4 experimental groups. In the first experiment, the chickens were injected with saline and adiponectin (20.73, 41.45, and 62.18 nmol). In the second experiment, saline, adiponectin (62.18 nmol), B5063 (NPY1 receptor antagonist, 2.12 nmol), and simultaneous injections of adiponectin and B5063 were performed. Experiments 3 to 6 were done in the same way to experiment 1, but the chickens were injected with SF22 (NPY2 receptor antagonist, 2.66 nmol), SML0891 (NPY5 receptor antagonist, 2.89 nmol), picrotoxin (GABAA receptor antagonist, 0.89 nmol), CGP54626 (GABAB receptor antagonist, 0.047 nmol) instead of B5063. Feed consumption was measured 120 min after the injection. RESULTS A dose-dependent increase in appetite was observed after the injection of adiponectin (20.73, 41.45, and 62.18 nmol) (P<0.05). The injection of B5063 + adiponectin attenuated the hyperphagic effect of adiponectin (P< 0.05). In addition, co-injection of picrotoxin and adiponectin significantly decreased adiponectin-induced hyperphagia (P<0.05). In addition, adiponectin significantly increased the number of steps, jumps, exploratory food, pecks, and standing time, while decreasing sitting time and rest time (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the hyperphagic effects of adiponectin are probably mediated through NPY1 and GABAA receptors in neonatal layer-type chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Madadi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Hasasnpour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Vazir
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jahandideh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Jiao H, Zhao J, Lin H, Wang X. The involvement of FATP1 regulating skeletal muscle fat deposition in stressed broilers was affected by fatty acid substrates. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:965894. [PMID: 35909684 PMCID: PMC9334852 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.965894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), plays a major role in the transport and uptake of fatty acids into cells. The effect of FATP1 on the regulation of skeletal muscle fat uptake and deposition in stressed broiler chickens was investigated both in vivo and in vitro, and the effect of different fatty acid substrates were also included. Dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GCs), was employed to induce a hyper glucocorticoid milieu and simulate stress. The in vivo results showed that DEX would increase the mRNA expression of FATP1 and fat deposition in muscle tissues (P < 0.05), the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and insulin (INS) levels were significantly increased in the plasma by DEX (P < 0.05), and the mRNA levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), adiponectin receptor (ADPNR) and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in thigh were also up-regulated by DEX (P < 0.05). In vitro experiment, DEX did not affect the myoblast fat deposition and PPARα and FATP1 expressions without the external fatty acid (P > 0.05). Under PA pre-treatment, both myoblast fatty acid uptake and fat deposition were promoted by DEX treatment (P < 0.05), and the effects of DEX on the gene expressions of GR, ADPNR, PPARα and FATP1 were upregulated first and then downregulated as the dose of DEX increases; while under OA pre-treatment, the myoblast fat deposition was not affected by DEX (P > 0.05), the fatty acid uptake was decreased by DEX at 500 nM compared to control (P < 0.05). When GR and PPARα were, respectively inhibited by specific inhibitors RU486 and GW6471, the effects of DEX on fatty acid uptake were reversed for PA pre-treated myoblasts (P < 0.05) but not for OA pre-treated myoblasts (P > 0.05). These results indicate that FATP1 regulation by GCs was affected by fatty acid substrate - saturated fatty acids were favorable for fat uptake and deposition, while unsaturated fatty acids were not. GCs may affect the ADPNR-PPARα-FATP1 pathway by binding to its receptors, thus regulating the uptake of saturated fatty acids into myoblasts.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JE, Bennett DC, Wright K, Cheng KM. Seasonal and sexual variation in mRNA expression of selected adipokine genes affecting fat deposition and metabolism of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:6325. [PMID: 35428830 PMCID: PMC9012844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emus are farmed for fat production. Oil rendered from their back and abdominal fat pads has good anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and has ingredients that promote cell growth. Our objective is to examine the mRNA expression of 7 emu adipokine genes (eFABP4, eSCD1, eAdipoQ, eAdipoR1, eAdipoR2, eLEP and eLepR) to identify gene markers that may help improve emu fat production. Back and abdominal fat tissues from 11 adult emus were biopsied at four time points (April, June, August and November). Total RNA was isolated and cDNA was synthesized. Gene specific primers were designed for partial cloning fragments to amplify the open reading frame of the 7 genes. eLEP was not expressed in emu fat tissue. Nucleotides and amino acids sequences of the 6 expressed gene were compared with homologs from other species and phylogenetic relationships established. Seasonal mRNA expression of each gene was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and differential expression analysed by the 2−ΔΔCT method. The 6 expressed genes showed seasonal variation in expression and showed association of expression level with back fat adiposity. More whole-genome scanning studies are needed to develop novel molecular markers that can be applied to improve fat production in emus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Avian Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Darin C Bennett
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Avian Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Kristina Wright
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, 570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Kimberly M Cheng
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Avian Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu D, Gu Y, Pang Q, Yu H, Zhang J. Dietary betaine regulates the synthesis of fatty acids through mTOR signaling in the muscle of zebrafish. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
7
|
An Update of Anthraquinone Derivatives Emodin, Diacerein, and Catenarin in Diabetes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3313419. [PMID: 34589130 PMCID: PMC8476274 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3313419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is part of metabolic diseases and is characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period as result of an insulin-deficient production or an inappropriate response to insulin by our cells. This chronic disease was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths in 2016 as reported by the World Health Organization. Emodin is a natural product and active ingredient of various Chinese herbs with the chemical formula 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone. Diacerein is another naturally occurring anthraquinone (1,8-diacetoxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone) commonly used as commercial drug to treat osteoarthritis. These two anthraquinone derivatives have been shown to exert antidiabetic activities. Emodin seems to enhance the glucose tolerance and insulin sensibility via activation of PPARγ and modulation of metabolic-related genes. Diacerein seems to decrease inflammatory cytokines and increase insulin secretion enhancing insulin sensibility and therefore improving glucose control. Other naturally occurring anthraquinone derivatives, such as catenarin (1,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), have been shown to have antidiabetic activities although few studies have been performed. The synthesis of new emodin derivatives is increasing, but these new molecules have not been tested for diabetes treatment. In the current work, available literature on anthraquinone derivatives' effects in diabetes disease is reviewed. Moreover, we discuss the chemistry, food sources, bioavailability, and toxicity of the naturally occurring anthraquinone with antidiabetic effects.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bernardi O, Estienne A, Reverchon M, Bigot Y, Froment P, Dupont J. Adipokines in metabolic and reproductive functions in birds: An overview of current knowns and unknowns. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111370. [PMID: 34171419 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now recognized as an active endocrine organ, which synthesizes and secretes numerous peptides factors called adipokines. In mammals, they exert pleiotropic effects affecting energy metabolism but also fertility. In mammals, secretion of adipokines is altered in adipose tissue dysfunctions and may participate to obesity-associated disorders. Thus, adipokines are promising candidates both for novel pharmacological treatment strategies and as diagnostic tools. As compared to mammals, birds exhibit several unique physiological features, which make them an interesting model for comparative studies on endocrine control of metabolism and adiposity and reproductive functions. Some adipokines such as leptin and visfatin may have different roles in avian species as compared to mammals. In addition, some of them found in mammals such as CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2), resistin, omentin and FGF21 (Fibroblast Growth factor 21) have not yet been mapped to the chicken genome model and among its annotated gene models. This brief review aims to summarize data (structure, metabolic and reproductive roles and molecular mechanisms involved) related to main avian adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and chemerin) and we will briefly discuss the adipokines that are still lacking in avian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Bernardi
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Bigot
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Q, Wang Q, Melak S, Lin X, Wei W, Zhang L, Chen J. A novel c.-652C>T mutation in UCHL1 gene is associated with the growth performance in Yangzhou goose. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101089. [PMID: 34051408 PMCID: PMC8165569 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation pathway, Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) plays a key role in post-translational modification and protein degradation, and it is extensive and important for the regulation of various biological functions of the organism. However, its function remains unclear in goose growth performance. In this study, the full-length genomic DNA and coding region of UCHL1 gene was firstly cloned and characterized in Yangzhou goose. Tissue expression profile revealed that UCHL1 was exclusively expressed in brain and gonads. A novel single nucleotide polymorphisms c.-652C>T which is significantly related to 64-d body weight of Yangzhou goose was found in UCHL1 promoter region by comparative sequencing. Correlation analysis in a population of 405 geese showed that TT genotype individuals had higher body weight than CC individuals in male, but not in female geese. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that the single nucleotide polymorphisms c.-652C>T is located at the core promoter region of UCHL1, and the promoter transcription activity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) when allele C changed to T. Geese with TT genotype had higher mRNA level of UCHL1 in brain tissue than those of CC genotype (P < 0.01). Compared with CC individuals, neuropeptide Y and AdipoR1 mRNA level was significantly higher in TT individuals (P < 0.05), while FAS mRNA level was lower in the TT individuals (P < 0.05). In summary, we identify a novel mutation in the promoter of UCHL1 gene, which can alter transcriptional activity of UCHL1 gene, and affect the growth performance of male goose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Sherif Melak
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiangsheng Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guan D, Sun H, Wang J, Wang Z, Li Y, Han H, Li X, Fang T. Rosiglitazone promotes glucose metabolism of GIFT tilapia based on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14765. [PMID: 33650786 PMCID: PMC7923568 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the effects of rosiglitazone on glucose metabolism of GIFT tilapia based on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The experiment was divided into five groups: normal starch group (32%, LC), high starch group (53%, HC), high starch +rosiglitazone group 1 (10 mg/kg, R1), high starch + rosiglitazone group 2 (20 mg/kg, R2), and high starch + rosiglitazone group 3 (30 mg/kg, R3). The results showed that a high starch diet supplemented with 10-20 mg/kg rosiglitazone had a better specific growth rate and protein efficiency that was beneficial for the growth of the tilapia. Rosiglitazone had no significant effect on the contents of crude lipid, crude protein, crude ash, and moisture of the whole fish body (p > 0.05). The contents of triglycerides and total cholesterol in the R1, R2, and R3 groups were lower than those in the HC group. The levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in R1 and R2 groups were significantly lower than those in the HC groups (p < 0.05). However, the GOT and GPT levels in the R3 groups were significantly higher than those in the R1 and R2 groups (p < 0.05). With an increase in the rosiglitazone concentration, the contents of serum glucose, insulin, and hepatic glycogen in the R1, R2, and R3 groups decreased gradually. Meanwhile, the muscle glycogen content in the R1, R2, and R3 groups increased gradually. The mRNA expression of the IRS-1, PI3K, GLUT-4, and Akt proteins in the R1, R2, and R3 groups was significantly higher than that in the HC group (p < 0.05). Compared with the HC group, the expression of the GSK-3 mRNA in the R1, R2, and R3 groups was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The protein expression of p-Akt in the R1 and R2 groups was higher than that in the HC group (p > 0.05). The protein expression of p-GSK-3β in the R1 and R2 groups was significantly higher than that in the HC group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a high starch diet supplemented with rosiglitazone can improve growth, enhance the serum biochemical indices, and increase the muscle glycogen content in the GIFT tilapia. It benefits in upregulating the IRS-1, PI3K, and GLUT-4 mRNA levels in the skeletal muscle and promotes glucose uptake. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β increased significantly and resulted in the inactivation of GSK-3β and alleviation of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Yan Guan
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionLab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition & Environmental HealthShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Hui‐Wen Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionLab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition & Environmental HealthShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Ji‐Ting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionLab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition & Environmental HealthShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionLab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition & Environmental HealthShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Yang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionLab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition & Environmental HealthShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Hao‐Jun Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionLab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition & Environmental HealthShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionLab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition & Environmental HealthShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Ting‐Ting Fang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionLab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition & Environmental HealthShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Expression Signatures of microRNAs and Their Targeted Pathways in the Adipose Tissue of Chickens during the Transition from Embryonic to Post-Hatch Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020196. [PMID: 33572831 PMCID: PMC7911735 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the chick transitions from embryonic to post-hatching life, its metabolism must quickly undergo a dramatic switch in its major energy source. The chick embryo derives most of its energy from the yolk, a lipid-rich/carbohydrate-poor source. Upon hatching, the chick’s metabolism must then be able to utilize a lipid-poor/carbohydrate-rich source (feed) as its main form of energy. We recently found that a number of hepatically-expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) help facilitate this shift in metabolic processes in the chick liver, the main site of lipogenesis. While adipose tissue was initially thought to mainly serve as a lipid storage site, it is now known to carry many metabolic, endocrine, and immunological functions. Therefore, it would be expected that adipose tissue is also an important factor in the metabolic switch. To that end, we used next generation sequencing (NGS) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to generate miRNome and transcriptome signatures of the adipose tissue during the transition from late embryonic to early post-hatch development. As adipose tissue is well known to produce inflammatory and other immune factors, we used SPF white leghorns to generate the initial miRNome and transcriptome signatures to minimize complications from external factors (e.g., pathogenic infections) and ensure the identification of bona fide switch-associated miRNAs and transcripts. We then examined their expression signatures in the adipose tissue of broilers (Ross 708). Using E18 embryos as representative of pre-switching metabolism and D3 chicks as a representative of post-switching metabolism, we identified a group of miRNAs which work concordantly to regulate a diverse but interconnected group of developmental, immune and metabolic processes in the adipose tissue during the metabolic switch. Network mapping suggests that during the first days post-hatch, despite the consumption of feed, the chick is still heavily reliant upon adipose tissue lipid stores for energy production, and is not yet efficiently using their new energy source for de novo lipid storage. A number of core master regulatory pathways including, circadian rhythm transcriptional regulation and growth hormone (GH) signaling, likely work in concert with miRNAs to maintain an essential balance between adipogenic, lipolytic, developmental, and immunological processes in the adipose tissue during the metabolic switch.
Collapse
|
12
|
Flees JJ, Ganguly B, Dridi S. Phytogenic feed additives improve broiler feed efficiency via modulation of intermediary lipid and protein metabolism-related signaling pathways. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100963. [PMID: 33652544 PMCID: PMC7936186 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets enriched with phytogenic feed additives (PFA) such as AV/HGP/16 premix (AVHGP), Superliv concentrate premix (SCP), and bacteriostatic herbal growth promotor (BHGP) with essential oils have been shown to improve feed efficiency (FE) in broilers. This FE improvement was achieved via modulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides, which results despite feed intake reduction, in increased breast yield without changes in body weight compared to the control group. To gain further insights into the mode of action of these PFA, the present study aimed to determine the potential involvement of signaling pathways associated with lipid and protein metabolism. One day-old male Cobb 500 chicks were randomly assigned into 1 of 4 treatments, comprising 8 replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control) or 0.55 g/kg diet of AVHGP, SCP, or BHGP. The birds had ad libitum access to water and feed. On day 35, after blood sampling, the liver, abdominal adipose tissue (AT), and breast muscle samples were collected. The levels of phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)Ser2481 as well as its levels of mRNA and those of its downstream mediator RPS6B1 were significantly upregulated in the muscle of the PFA-fed groups compared with the control group. In the liver, the phosphorylated levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha at Ser79, the rate-limiting enzyme in fat synthesis, was significantly induced in the PFA-fed groups compared with the control group, indicating a lower hepatic lipogenesis. The hepatic expression of hepatic triglyceride lipase (LIPC) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) was significantly upregulated in the AVHGP-fed group compared with the control group. These hepatic changes were accompanied by a significant downregulation of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein in all the PFA groups and an upregulation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha and gamma in the SCP-fed compared with the control group. In the AT, the mRNA abundances of ATGL and LIPC were significantly increased in both SCP- and BHGP-fed birds compared with the control group. Together these data indicate that PFA improve FE via modulation of muscle mTOR pathway and hepatic lipolytic/lipogenic programs, thus, favoring muscle protein synthesis and lowering hepatic lipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Flees
- Center of Excellence For Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Bhaskar Ganguly
- Clinical Research, Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh 173205, India
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence For Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evaluation of the Relationship between Adipose Metabolism Patterns and Secretion of Appetite-Related Endocrines on Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081282. [PMID: 32727133 PMCID: PMC7460314 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The weight of an animal conforms to a certain growth pattern. Among others, feed, environment, and body composition, in addition to genetics, affect the animal’s feed consumption and body weight. Under normal circumstances, the body weight of an animal is mainly affected by feed intake, and body composition may significantly influence feed intake. Therefore, this report sets out the effects of fat accumulation on lipid metabolism and appetite, and finally introduces the effects of feeding patterns on animal feed intake. Abstract In addition to the influence of genes, the quality of poultry products is mainly controlled by the rearing environment or feed composition during rearing, and has to meet human use and economical needs. As the only source of energy for poultry, feed considerably affects the metabolic pattern of poultry and further affects the regulation of appetite-related endocrine secretion in poultry. Under normal circumstances, the accumulation of lipid in adipose reduces feed intake in poultry and increases the rate of adipose metabolism. When the adipose content in cells decreases, endocrines that promote food intake are secreted and increase nutrient concentrations in serum and cells. By regulating the balance between appetite and adipose metabolism, the poultry’s growth and posture can maintain a balanced state. In addition, increasing fiber composition in feed can effectively increase poultry welfare, body weight, lean composition and antioxidant levels in poultry. According to this, the concept that proper fiber content should be added to feed should be considered for better economic benefits, poultry welfare and meat productivity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bai Y, Yuan P, Zhang H, Ramachandran R, Yang N, Song J. Adiponectin and its receptor genes' expression in response to Marek's disease virus infection of White Leghorns. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4249-4258. [PMID: 32867969 PMCID: PMC7598011 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek’s disease virus (MDV) causes T-cell lymphoma in susceptible chicken and is also related to an imbalance of the lipid metabolism. Adiponectin is a circulatory cytokine secreted from adipose tissue and exerts critical metabolic functions. Although the associations between adiponectin and diseases, including lipid disorder and noncardiac vascular diseases, have been reported, little is known about the relationship between MDV infection and adiponectin. Here, we challenged white Leghorns from Marek’s disease (MD)-susceptible and MD-resistant lines with MDV at 7 D of age and then explored the body weight and plasma lipoprotein levels at 21 D after MDV infection. Meanwhile, adiponectin and the expression of its receptors were detected using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. The results showed that MDV infection induced body weight loss in all the experimental birds. Meanwhile, the concentrations of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein were lower after the infection, although there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). However, the infection did not affect adiponectin circulating levels in plasma. MD-susceptible birds had much lower plasma adiponectin than MD-resistant birds (P < 0.01). In abdominal fat, there was no significant difference in adiponectin mRNA level. Still, we observed a significant decrease in adiponectin protein concentration, as well as adipoR1 and adipoR2, at both mRNA and protein levels in the infected compared with the noninfected MD-susceptible chickens. In the spleen, MDV infection significantly reduced the adiponectin mRNA expression but increased the protein in MD-susceptible chickens, which decreased both adipoR1 mRNA expression and protein levels. Also interestingly, the adipoR1 mRNA expression level was significantly increased in MD-susceptible chickens in the liver after MDV infection. All findings in the present study provided interesting insights into adiponectin metabolism in chickens after MDV infection, which helps to advance the understanding of lipid metabolism in response to herpesvirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038 P.R. China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742 USA
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, 48823 USA
| | - Ramesh Ramachandran
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802 USA
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Animal Sciences, China Agricultural, Beijing, 100193 P.R. China
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Monzo L, Kotrc M, Benes J, Sedlacek K, Jurcova I, Franekova J, Jarolim P, Kautzner J, Melenovsky V. Clinical and Humoral Determinants of Congestion in Heart Failure: Potential Role of Adiponectin. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:1271-1284. [PMID: 31553971 DOI: 10.1159/000502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients with heart failure (HF) are more prone to systemic congestion than others. The goal of this study was to identify clinical and humoral factors linked to congestion and its prognostic impact in HF patients. METHODS A total of 371 advanced HF patients underwent physical examination, echocardiography, right heart catheterization, blood samplings, and Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire. Subjects were followed-up for adverse events (death, urgent transplantation, or assist device implantation without heart transplantation). RESULTS Thirty-one percent of patients were classified as prone to congestion. During a median follow-up of 1,093 days, 159 (43%) patients had an adverse event. In the Cox analysis, the congestion-prone (CP) status was associated with a 43% higher event risk. The CP status was strongly (p ˂ 0.001) associated with body weight loss, right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), dilated inferior vena cava (IVC), diuretics, and beta-blockers prescription and the majority of tested hormones in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the only independent variables associated with the CP status were adiponectin, albumin, IVC diameter, and RVD. Adiponectin by itself was predictive of adverse events. In a multivariate model, CP status was no longer predictive of adverse events, in contrast to adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS CP patients experienced more severe symptoms and had shorter survival. Potential role of adiponectin, a new independent predictor of CP status, should be further examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Monzo
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia, .,Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anaesthetic and Geriatric Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy,
| | - Martin Kotrc
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Benes
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kamil Sedlacek
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivana Jurcova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Janka Franekova
- Department of Laboratory Methods, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Association of three SNPs in adiponectin gene with lipid traits of Tianzhu Black Muscovy (Cairina moschata). Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:325-332. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
Mellouk N, Ramé C, Delaveau J, Rat C, Maurer E, Froment P, Dupont J. Adipokines expression profile in liver, adipose tissue and muscle during chicken embryo development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:146-156. [PMID: 29953882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In broiler chickens, the intense genetic selection for rapid growth has resulted in an increase in growth rate and fat deposition. Adipose tissue is now recognized as an important endocrine organ that secretes a variety of factors including adipokines. However, the expression pattern of these adipokines is unclear in chicken embryo development. In the present study, we determined the expression profile of three novel adipokines, NAMPT, RARRES2 and ADIPOQ, and their cognate receptors in metabolic tissues (liver, muscles and adipose tissue) of chicken embryo/chicks from 15 days of incubation (E15) to hatching (D0). From E15 to hatching, embryos gradually gained weight and started to develop subcutaneous adipose tissue at E15. We conducted western blot and RT-qPCR tests and found that ADIPOQ expression increased over time and was positively correlated with adipose tissue weight. In addition, NAMPT expression increased only in muscles. By using a new homemade chicken RARRES2 specific antibody we showed that RARRES2 protein levels increased specifically at hatching in adipose tissue, liver and pectoralis major and this was associated with an increase in the weight of embryo. Taken together, these results support a potential involvement of adipokines in metabolic regulation during chicken embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namya Mellouk
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France; IFCE F, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France; IFCE F, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joël Delaveau
- INRA - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours, UEPEAT 1295, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christophe Rat
- INRA - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours, UEPEAT 1295, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Maurer
- Agro-Bio, 2 Allée de la Chavannerie, 45240 La Ferté Saint Aubin, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France; IFCE F, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France; IFCE F, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen CY, Chen YJ, Ding ST, Lin YY. Expression profile of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in high-fat diet feeding chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1585-1592. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology; Tunghai University; Taichung Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moreira GCM, Boschiero C, Cesar ASM, Reecy JM, Godoy TF, Trevisoli PA, Cantão ME, Ledur MC, Ibelli AMG, Peixoto JDO, Moura ASAMT, Garrick D, Coutinho LL. A genome-wide association study reveals novel genomic regions and positional candidate genes for fat deposition in broiler chickens. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:374. [PMID: 29783939 PMCID: PMC5963092 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excess fat content in chickens has a negative impact on poultry production. The discovery of QTL associated with fat deposition in the carcass allows the identification of positional candidate genes (PCGs) that might regulate fat deposition and be useful for selection against excess fat content in chicken’s carcass. This study aimed to estimate genomic heritability coefficients and to identify QTLs and PCGs for abdominal fat (ABF) and skin (SKIN) traits in a broiler chicken population, originated from the White Plymouth Rock and White Cornish breeds. Results ABF and SKIN are moderately heritable traits in our broiler population with estimates ranging from 0.23 to 0.33. Using a high density SNP panel (355,027 informative SNPs), we detected nine unique QTLs that were associated with these fat traits. Among these, four QTL were novel, while five have been previously reported in the literature. Thirteen PCGs were identified that might regulate fat deposition in these QTL regions: JDP2, PLCG1, HNF4A, FITM2, ADIPOR1, PTPN11, MVK, APOA1, APOA4, APOA5, ENSGALG00000000477, ENSGALG00000000483, and ENSGALG00000005043. We used sequence information from founder animals to detect 4843 SNPs in the 13 PCGs. Among those, two were classified as potentially deleterious and two as high impact SNPs. Conclusions This study generated novel results that can contribute to a better understanding of fat deposition in chickens. The use of high density array of SNPs increases genome coverage and improves QTL resolution than would have been achieved with low density. The identified PCGs were involved in many biological processes that regulate lipid storage. The SNPs identified in the PCGs, especially those predicted as potentially deleterious and high impact, may affect fat deposition. Validation should be undertaken before using these SNPs for selection against carcass fat accumulation and to improve feed efficiency in broiler chicken production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4779-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Costa Monteiro Moreira
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Boschiero
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Mello Cesar
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - James M Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Thaís Fernanda Godoy
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Anchieta Trevisoli
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dorian Garrick
- School of Agriculture, Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mellouk N, Ramé C, Barbe A, Grandhaye J, Froment P, Dupont J. Chicken Is a Useful Model to Investigate the Role of Adipokines in Metabolic and Reproductive Diseases. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4579734. [PMID: 30018639 PMCID: PMC6029501 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4579734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is a complex and essential physiological process required by all species to produce a new generation. This process involves strict hormonal regulation, depending on a connection between the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and peripheral organs. Metabolic homeostasis influences the reproductive functions, and its alteration leads to disturbances in the reproductive functions of humans as well as animals. For a long time, adipose tissue has been recognised as an endocrine organ but its ability to secrete and release hormones called adipokines is now emerging. Adipokines have been found to play a major role in the regulation of metabolic and reproductive processes at both central and peripheral levels. Leptin was initially the first adipokine that has been described to be the most involved in the metabolism/reproduction interrelation in mammals. In avian species, the role of leptin is still under debate. Recently, three novel adipokines have been discovered: adiponectin (ADIPOQ, ACRP30), visfatin (NAMPT, PBEF), and chemerin (RARRES2, TIG2). However, their mode of action between mammalian and nonmammalian species is different due to the different reproductive and metabolic systems. Herein, we will provide an overview of the structure and function related to metabolic and reproductive mechanisms of the latter three adipokines with emphasis on avian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namya Mellouk
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Alix Barbe
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérémy Grandhaye
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Ma XL, Lau WB. Cardiovascular Adiponectin Resistance: The Critical Role of Adiponectin Receptor Modification. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:519-530. [PMID: 28473178 PMCID: PMC6391995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For the past two decades, a great deal of research has been published concerning adiponectin (APN), an abundant protein responsible for regulating numerous biologic functions including antioxidative, antinitrative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. A review of APN and its two major receptors is timely because of new findings concerning the mechanisms by which APN signaling may be altered in pathologic processes such as diabetes and heart failure. In this review we elaborate on currently known information regarding the physiologic role of APN and the known mechanisms underlying pathologic APN resistance - namely, APN receptor downregulation and phosphorylation - and provide insight regarding the future directions of APN research including an assessment of the clinical applicability of preventing pathologic post-translational modification of the APN receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xin L Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the greatest cause of death, accounting for nearly one-third of all deaths worldwide. The increase in obesity rates over 3 decades is widespread and threatens the public health in both developed and developing countries. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of visceral fat, causes the clustering of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, culminating in the development of CVD. Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage organ, but an active endocrine tissue producing various biologically active proteins known as adipokines. Since leptin, a central regulator of food intake and energy expenditure, was demonstrated to be an adipose-specific adipokine, attention has focused on the identification and characterization of unknown adipokines to clarify the mechanisms underlying obesity-related disorders. Numerous adipokines have been identified in the past 2 decades; most adipokines are upregulated in the obese state. Adipokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and resistin are pro-inflammatory, and exacerbate various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, a small number of adipokines, including adiponectin, are decreased by obesity, and generally exhibit antiinflammatory properties and protective functions against obesity-related diseases. Collectively, an imbalance in the production of pro- and antiinflammatory adipokines in the obese condition results in multiple complications. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiologic roles of adipokines with cardiovascular protective properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gan L, Yan J, Liu Z, Feng M, Sun C. Adiponectin prevents reduction of lipid-induced mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK/ACC2 pathway in chicken adipocyte. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1090-100. [PMID: 25536013 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and reduces lipid content in human and animal adipocytes. However, the mechanism of adiponectin in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in chicken adipocytes has never been reported. The objective of this study is to examine the mechanism that adiponectin plays in lipid-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function in chicken adipocytes. We found that the overexpression of adiponectin reduced the membrane DAG content and elevated the membrane translocation of PKCθ. In contrast to control groups, the overexpression of adiponectin increased mitochondrial density and mitochondrial DNA contents and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor αcoactivator 1α (PGC1-α) expression. Mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome C (Cyt C) content were detected by JC-1 fluorescent staining and immunofluorescence which indicated that overexpression of adiponectin enhanced mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Moreover, AMPK/ACC2 signaling pathway was activated along with the elevation of PGC1-α and TFAM by the overexpression of adiponectin, meanwhile the lipid transcription marker genes were down-regulated. This effect was alleviated by reducing adiponectin and a specific inhibitor of AMPK pathway. We concluded that adiponectin could prevent reduction of lipid-induced mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK/ACC2 pathway in chicken adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qin N, Chen Y, Jin MN, Zhang C, Qiao W, Yue XL, Duan HQ, Niu WY. Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of flavonoid derivative (Fla-CN) via microRNA in high fat diet induced obesity mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 82:52-63. [PMID: 26598088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3-O-[(E)-4-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-oxobut-3-en-1-yl]kaempferol (Fla-CN), a semi-synthesized flavonoid derivative of tiliroside, reduces whole-body adiposity, ameliorates metabolic lipid disorder, improves insulin sensitivity and benefits other disorders characterized by insulin resistance in high fat diet induced obesity mice. The improvement of insulin sensitivity and the reduction of weight gain are correlated with the changes of leptin and adiponectin levels. As a result, Fla-CN treatment could increase the expressions of pAMPK and miR-27 in the liver and adipose tissues. Meanwhile, we discovered that the expressions of various adipogenesis genes were downregulated, which were target genes of miR-27. This is the first report for the action of miR-27 by flavonoid derivative in rodents. The action of Fla-CN might be through multiple approaches including AMPK activation and enhancement in miR-27 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Na Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Quan Duan
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Yan Niu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ding F, Qiu J, Li Q, Hu J, Song C, Han C, He H, Wang J. Effects of rosiglitazone on proliferation and differentiation of duck preadipocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:174-81. [PMID: 26487429 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (RSG), one member of the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), is a type of anti-diabetic drug in diabetic humans and animal models, whose function remains unknown in waterfowl. In this study, effects of RSG on duck preadipocyte differentiation were investigated. We detected cell viability using CCK method and measured the mRNA expression of key genes and protein contents involved in preadipocyte differentiation via qRT-PCR and ELISA kits, respectively. Lipid accumulation was determined via Oil Red O staining extraction, and lipolysis was measured by free fatty acid release in the culture medium. Results showed that high concentrations of RSG (50, 100 μM) significantly decreased cell viability. RSG (0-10 μM) enhanced preadipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner and thus promoted lipid accumulation. With increasing RSG concentrations, cellular lipid content gradually decreased and preadipocyte differentiation was suppressed. mRNA expression of key genes involved in preadipocyte differentiation including FAS, ACC, SCD1, LPL, PLIN, SREBP1c, and ATGL were significantly upregulated by RSG, and the protein content of FAS, ACC, and ATGL were also increased in response to RSG. Meanwhile, RSG exposure increased free fatty acid release in the culture medium. Similar results were obtained in response to RSG plus oleate that was used to induce cell differentiation. These findings suggest that RSG does not promote duck preadipocyte viability, but it does induce duck preadipocyte differentiation, which might influence both lipogenesis and lipolysis pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ding
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Center of System Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jiamin Qiu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Chenling Song
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Chunchun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim HL, Park J, Park H, Jung Y, Youn DH, Kang J, Jeong MY, Um JY. Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle Ethanolic Extract Inhibits Adipogenic Regulators in 3T3-L1 Cells and Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Primary Brown Preadipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7721-7730. [PMID: 26244589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC. ethanolic extract (PG) on obesity in brown/white preadipocytes. The effect of PG on the differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of brown adipocytes is still not examined. An in vivo study showed that PG induced weight loss in mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. PG successfully suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by down-regulating cellular induction of the peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), lipin-1, and adiponectin but increasing expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). The effect of PG on the adipogenic factors was compared with that of its bioactive compound platycodin D. In addition, PG increased expressions of mitochondria-related genes, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-coactivator 1 α (PGC1α), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), SIRT3, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF), and cytochrome C (CytC) in primary brown adipocytes. These results indicate that PG stimulates the differentiation of brown adipocytes through modulation of mitochondria-related genes and could offer clinical benefits as a supplement to treat obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chakrabarti S, Wu J. Milk-derived tripeptides IPP (Ile-Pro-Pro) and VPP (Val-Pro-Pro) promote adipocyte differentiation and inhibit inflammation in 3T3-F442A cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117492. [PMID: 25714093 PMCID: PMC4340623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk derived tripeptides IPP (Ile-Pro-Pro) and VPP (Val-Pro-Pro) have shown promise as anti-hypertensive agents due to their inhibitory effects on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Due to the key inter-related roles of hypertension, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, there is growing interest in investigating established anti-hypertensive agents for their effects on insulin sensitivity and inflammation. In this study, we examined the effects of IPP and VPP on 3T3-F442A murine pre-adipocytes, a widely used model for studying metabolic diseases. We found that both IPP and VPP induced beneficial adipogenic differentiation as manifested by intracellular lipid accumulation, upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and secretion of the protective lipid hormone adiponectin by these cells. The observed effects were similar to those induced by insulin, suggesting potential benefits in the presence of insulin resistance. IPP and VPP also inhibited cytokine induced pro-inflammatory changes such as reduction in adipokine levels and activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that IPP and VPP exert insulin-mimetic adipogenic effects and prevent inflammatory changes in adipocytes, which may offer protection against metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science (AFNS) and the Cardiovascular Research Centre (CVRC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science (AFNS) and the Cardiovascular Research Centre (CVRC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|