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Zhong J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Ge Y, He W, Liang C, Gao Y, Zhu Z, Machado RAR, Zhou W. Heat stress reprograms herbivory-induced defense responses in potato plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:677. [PMID: 39014327 PMCID: PMC11253553 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to increase the occurrence of extreme weather events such as heatwaves, which may thereby impact the outcome of plant-herbivore interactions. While elevated temperature is known to directly affect herbivore growth, it remains largely unclear if it indirectly influences herbivore performance by affecting the host plant they feed on. In this study, we investigated how transient exposure to high temperature influences plant herbivory-induced defenses at the transcript and metabolic level. To this end, we studied the interaction between potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants and the larvae of the potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) under different temperature regimes. We found that P. operculella larvae grew heavier on leaves co-stressed by high temperature and insect herbivory than on leaves pre-stressed by herbivory alone. We also observed that high temperature treatments altered phylotranscriptomic patterns upon herbivory, which changed from an evolutionary hourglass pattern, in which transcriptomic responses at early and late time points after elicitation are more variable than the ones in the middle, to a vase pattern. Specifically, transcripts of many herbivory-induced genes in the early and late defense stage were suppressed by HT treatment, whereas those in the intermediate stage peaked earlier. Additionally, we observed that high temperature impaired the induction of jasmonates and defense compounds upon herbivory. Moreover, using jasmonate-reduced (JA-reduced, irAOC) and -elevated (JA-Ile-elevated, irCYP94B3s) potato plants, we showed that high temperature suppresses JA signaling mediated plant-induced defense to herbivore attack. Thus, our study provides evidences on how temperature reprograms plant-induced defense to herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zengrong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Ricardo A R Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572000, China.
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2
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Fan X, Lin H, Ding F, Wang M. Jasmonates Promote β-Amylase-Mediated Starch Degradation to Confer Cold Tolerance in Tomato Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1055. [PMID: 38674464 PMCID: PMC11055051 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cold stress severely restricts growth and development, reduces yields, and impairs quality in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Amylase-associated starch degradation and soluble sugar accumulation have been implicated in adaptation and resistance to abiotic stress. Here, we report a β-amylase (BAM) gene, SlBAM3, which plays a central role in tomato cold tolerance. The expression of SlBAM3 was triggered by cold stress. SlBAM3 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system retarded starch degradation and reduced soluble sugar accumulation in tomato plants, eventually attenuating cold tolerance. Expression analysis revealed that the SlBAM3 transcript level was boosted by MeJA. Furthermore, MYC2, an essential component of the JA signaling pathway, could bind to the SlBAM3 promoter and directly activate SlBAM3 transcription, as revealed by yeast one-hybrid and dual LUC assays. In addition, the suppression of MYC2 resulted in increased starch accumulation, decreased soluble sugar content, and reduced tolerance to cold stress in tomato plants. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that JA positively regulates β-amylase-associated starch degradation through the MYC2-SlBAM3 module in tomato during cold stress. The results of the present work expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying BAM gene activation and starch catabolism under cold stress. The regulatory module of SlBAM3 can be further utilized to breed tomato cultivars with enhanced cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Meiling Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (X.F.); (H.L.)
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Shan L, Oduor AMO, Huang W, Liu Y. Nutrient enrichment promotes invasion success of alien plants via increased growth and suppression of chemical defenses. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2791. [PMID: 36482783 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In support of the prediction of the enemy release hypothesis regarding a growth-defense trade-off, invasive alien plants often exhibit greater growth and lower anti-herbivory defenses than native plants. However, it remains unclear how nutrient enrichment of invaded habitats may influence competitive interactions between invasive alien and co-occurring native plants, as well as production of anti-herbivore defense compounds, growth-promoting hormones, and defense-regulating hormones by the two groups of plants. Here, we tested whether: (i) nutrient enrichment causes invasive alien plants to produce greater biomass and lower concentrations of the defense compounds flavonoids and tannins than native plants; and (ii) invasive alien plants produce lower concentrations of a defense-regulating hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and higher concentrations of a growth-promoting hormone gibberellic acid (GA3). In a greenhouse experiment, we grew five congeneric pairs of invasive alien and native plant species under two levels each of nutrient enrichment (low vs. high), simulated herbivory (leaf clipping vs. no-clipping), and competition (alone vs. competition) in 2.5-L pots. In the absence of competition, high-nutrient treatment induced a greater increase in total biomass of invasive alien species than that of native species, whereas the reverse was true under competition as native species benefitted more from nutrient enrichment than invasive alien species. Moreover, high-nutrient treatment caused a greater increase in total biomass of invasive alien species than that of native species in the presence of simulated herbivory. Competition induced higher production of flavonoids and tannins. Simulated herbivory induced higher flavonoid expression in invasive alien plants under low-nutrient than high-nutrient treatments. However, flavonoid concentrations of native plants did not change under nutrient enrichment and simulated herbivory treatments. Invasive alien plants produced higher concentrations of GA3 than native plants. Taken together, these results suggest that impact of nutrient enrichment on growth of invasive alien and co-occurring native plants may depend on the level of competition that they experience. Moreover, invasive alien plants might adjust their flavonoid-based defense more efficiently than native plants in response to variation in soil nutrient availability and herbivory pressure. Our findings suggest that large-scale efforts to reduce nutrient enrichment of invaded habitats may help to control future invasiveness of target alien plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ayub M O Oduor
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Zhang Y, Kashkooli AB, Blom S, Zhao T, Bouwmeester HJ, Kappers IF. The Capsicum terpenoid biosynthetic module is affected by spider-mite herbivory. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:303-321. [PMID: 37995005 PMCID: PMC10721696 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In response to herbivory, Capsicum annuum leaves adapt their specialized metabolome that may protect the plant against herbivore feeding either directly or indirectly through volatile metabolites acting as cues for natural enemies of the herbivore. The volatile blend of spider-mite infested leaves differs from non-challenged leaves predominantly by a higher contribution of mono- and sesquiterpenes. In addition to these terpenoids released into the headspace, the terpenoid composition of the leaves alters upon herbivory. All this suggests an important role for terpenoids and their biosynthetic machinery in the defence against herbivory. Here, we show that the C. annuum genome contains a terpene synthase (TPS) gene family of 103 putative members of which structural analysis revealed that 27 encode functional enzymes. Transcriptome analysis showed that several TPS loci were differentially expressed upon herbivory in leaves of two C. annuum genotypes, that differ in susceptibility towards spider mites. The relative expression of upstream biosynthetic genes from the mevalonate and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway also altered upon herbivory, revealing a shift in the metabolic flux through the terpene biosynthetic module. The expression of multiple genes potentially acting downstream of the TPSs, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, UDP-glucosyl transferases, and transcription factors strongly correlated with the herbivory-induced TPS genes. A selection of herbivory-induced TPS genes was functionally characterized through heterologous expression and the products that these enzymes catalysed matched with the volatile and non-volatile terpenoids induced in response to herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Arman B Kashkooli
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Suze Blom
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhao
- Biosystematics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xi'an, China
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris F Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Jin G, Qi J, Zu H, Liu S, Gershenzon J, Lou Y, Baldwin IT, Li R. Jasmonate-mediated gibberellin catabolism constrains growth during herbivore attack in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3828-3844. [PMID: 37392473 PMCID: PMC10533328 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense against herbivores is costly and often associated with growth repression. The phytohormone jasmonate (JA) plays a central role in prioritizing defense over growth during herbivore attack, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. When brown planthoppers (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) attack rice (Oryza sativa), growth is dramatically suppressed. BPH infestation also increases inactive gibberellin (GA) levels and transcripts of GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox) genes, 2 (GA2ox3 and GA2ox7) of which encode enzymes that catalyze the conversion of bioactive GAs to inactive GAs in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of these GA2oxs diminishes BPH-elicited growth restriction without affecting BPH resistance. Phytohormone profiling and transcriptome analyses revealed that GA2ox-mediated GA catabolism was enhanced by JA signaling. The transcript levels of GA2ox3 and GA2ox7 were significantly attenuated under BPH attack in JA biosynthesis (allene oxide cyclase [aoc]) or signaling-deficient (myc2) mutants. In contrast, GA2ox3 and GA2ox7 expression was increased in MYC2 overexpression lines. MYC2 directly binds to the G-boxes in the promoters of both GA2ox genes to regulate their expression. We conclude that JA signaling simultaneously activates defense responses and GA catabolism to rapidly optimize resource allocation in attacked plants and provides a mechanism for phytohormone crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongyue Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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6
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Gelambi M, Whitehead SR. Multiscale variability in nutrients and secondary metabolites in a bat-dispersed neotropical fruit. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10453. [PMID: 37664504 PMCID: PMC10474796 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ripe fleshy fruits contain not only nutrients but also a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Nutrients serve as a reward for mutualists, whereas defensive metabolites protect the fruit against pests and predators. The composition of these chemical traits is highly variable, both across different plants and even within repeating structures on the same individual plant. This intraspecific and intraindividual variation has important fitness consequences for both plants and animals, yet patterns of variation and covariation in nutrients and secondary metabolites are not well understood, especially at smaller scales. Here, we investigate the multiscale variation and covariation between nutrients and defensive metabolites in Piper sancti-felicis ripe fruits. Means and measures of variation of sugars, proteins, phenolics, and alkenylphenols vary greatly among plants, and at least 50% of the trait variation occurs at the intraindividual level. Also, we found that proteins, but not sugars, were correlated with phenolics and alkenylphenols at multiple scales, suggesting trait variation in protein content may be more constrained than sugars. Our findings emphasize the importance of examining patterns across scales and provide the groundwork to better understand how complex patterns of variation and covariation in nutrients and defensive metabolites shape ecological interactions surrounding fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gelambi
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- La Selva Biological StationOrganization for Tropical StudiesPuerto Viejo de SarapiquíHeredia ProvinceCosta Rica
| | - Susan R. Whitehead
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- La Selva Biological StationOrganization for Tropical StudiesPuerto Viejo de SarapiquíHeredia ProvinceCosta Rica
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7
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Qiu X, Sun G, Liu F, Hu W. Functions of Plant Phytochrome Signaling Pathways in Adaptation to Diverse Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13201. [PMID: 37686008 PMCID: PMC10487518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochromes are receptors for red light (R)/far-red light (FR), which are not only involved in regulating the growth and development of plants but also in mediated resistance to various stresses. Studies have revealed that phytochrome signaling pathways play a crucial role in enabling plants to cope with abiotic stresses such as high/low temperatures, drought, high-intensity light, and salinity. Phytochromes and their components in light signaling pathways can also respond to biotic stresses caused by insect pests and microbial pathogens, thereby inducing plant resistance against them. Given that, this paper reviews recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of phytochromes in plant resistance to adversity and discusses the importance of modulating the genes involved in phytochrome signaling pathways to coordinate plant growth, development, and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (X.Q.); (G.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guanghua Sun
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (X.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Fen Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (X.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Weiming Hu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (X.Q.); (G.S.)
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Zhang P, Tang Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Wang Q, Wang H, Li H, Li L, Qin P. Metabolic characteristics of self-pollinated wheat seed under red and blue light during early development. PLANTA 2023; 258:63. [PMID: 37543957 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Blue light has a greater effect on jasmonic acid and flavonoid accumulation in wheat seeds than red light; blue light reduces starch synthesis and the size of starch granules and seeds. This study sought to elucidate the effects of blue and red light on seed metabolism to provide important insights regarding the role of light quality in regulating seed growth and development. We used combined multi-omics analysis to investigate the impact of red and blue light (BL) on the induction of secondary metabolite accumulation in the hexaploid wheat Dianmai 3 after pollination. Flavonoids and alkaloids were the most differentially abundant metabolites detected under different treatments. Additionally, we used multi-omics and weighted correlation network analysis to screen multiple candidate genes associated with jasmonic acid (JA) and flavonoids. Expression regulatory networks were constructed based on RNA-sequencing data and their potential binding sites. The results revealed that BL had a greater effect on JA and flavonoid accumulation in wheat seeds than red light. Furthermore, BL reduced starch synthesis and stunted the size of starch granules and seeds. Collectively, these findings clarify the role of BL in the metabolic regulation of early seed development in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Tang
- Qujing Academy of Agricultural Science, Qujing, 655000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjiang Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Junna Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianchao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxue Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Qin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Yang C, Bai Y, Halitschke R, Gase K, Baldwin G, Baldwin IT. Exploring the metabolic basis of growth/defense trade-offs in complex environments with Nicotiana attenuata plants cosilenced in NaMYC2a/b expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:349-366. [PMID: 36636784 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In response to challenges from herbivores and competitors, plants use fitness-limiting resources to produce (auto)toxic defenses. Jasmonate signaling, mediated by MYC2 transcription factors (TF), is thought to reconfigure metabolism to minimize these formal costs of defense and optimize fitness in complex environments. To study the context-dependence of this metabolic reconfiguration, we cosilenced NaMYC2a/b by RNAi in Nicotiana attenuata and phenotyped plants in the field and increasingly realistic glasshouse setups with competitors and mobile herbivores. NaMYC2a/b had normal phytohormonal responses, and higher growth and fitness in herbivore-reduced environments, but were devastated in high herbivore-load environments in the field due to diminished accumulations of specialized metabolites. In setups with competitors and mobile herbivores, irMYC2a/b plants had lower fitness than empty vector (EV) in single-genotype setups but increased fitness in mixed-genotype setups. Correlational analyses of metabolic, resistance, and growth traits revealed the expected defense/growth associations for most sectors of primary and specialized metabolism. Notable exceptions were some HGL-DTGs and phenolamides that differed between single-genotype and mixed-genotype setups, consistent with expectations of a blurred functional trichotomy of metabolites. MYC2 TFs mediate the reconfiguration of primary and specialized metabolic sectors to allow plants to optimize their fitness in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqiong Yang
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Yuechen Bai
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Klaus Gase
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Gundega Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
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10
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Juteršek M, Petek M, Ramšak Ž, Moreno-Giménez E, Gianoglio S, Mateos-Fernández R, Orzáez D, Gruden K, Baebler Š. Transcriptional deregulation of stress-growth balance in Nicotiana benthamiana biofactories producing insect sex pheromones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:941338. [PMID: 36388501 PMCID: PMC9645294 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.941338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant biofactories are a promising platform for sustainable production of high-value compounds, among which are insect sex pheromones, a green alternative to conventional insecticides in agriculture. Recently, we have constructed transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants ("Sexy Plants", SxP) that successfully produce a blend of moth (Lepidoptera) sex pheromone compounds (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate. However, efficient biosynthesis of sex pheromones resulted in growth and developmental penalty, diminishing the potential for commercial use of SxP in biomanufacturing. To gain insight into the underlying molecular responses, we analysed the whole-genome transcriptome and evaluated it in relation to growth and pheromone production in low- and high-producing transgenic plants of v1.0 and v1.2 SxP lines. In our study, high-producing SxPv1.2 plants accumulated the highest amounts of pheromones but still maintained better growth compared to v1.0 high producers. For an in-depth biological interpretation of the transcriptomic data, we have prepared a comprehensive functional N. benthamiana genome annotation as well as gene translations to Arabidopsis thaliana, enabling functional information transfer by using Arabidopsis knowledge networks. Differential gene expression analysis, contrasting pheromone producers to wild-type plants, revealed that while only a few genes were differentially regulated in low-producing plants, high-producing plants exhibited vast transcriptional reprogramming. They showed signs of stress-like response, manifested as downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes and significant differences in expression of hormonal signalling and secondary metabolism-related genes, the latter presumably leading to previously reported volatilome changes. Further network analyses confirmed stress-like response with activation of jasmonic acid and downregulation of gibberellic acid signalling, illuminating the possibility that the observed growth penalty was not solely a consequence of a higher metabolic burden imposed upon constitutive expression of a heterologous biosynthetic pathway, but rather the result of signalling pathway perturbation. Our work presents an example of comprehensive transcriptomic analyses of disadvantageous stress signalling in N. benthamiana biofactory that could be applied to other bioproduction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Juteršek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Petek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Živa Ramšak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elena Moreno-Giménez
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Gianoglio
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Mateos-Fernández
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Orzáez
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Baebler
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Grover S, Puri H, Xin Z, Sattler SE, Louis J. Dichotomous Role of Jasmonic Acid in Modulating Sorghum Defense Against Aphids. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:755-767. [PMID: 35394339 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0005-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The precursors and derivatives of jasmonic acid (JA) contribute to plant protective immunity to insect attack. However, the role of JA in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) defense against sugarcane aphid (SCA) (Melanaphis sacchari), which is considered a major threat to sorghum production, remains elusive. Sorghum SC265, previously identified as a SCA-resistant genotype among the sorghum nested association mapping founder lines, transiently increased JA at early stages of aphid feeding and deterred aphid settling. Monitoring of aphid feeding behavior using electropenetrography, a technique to unveil feeding process of piercing-sucking insects, revealed that SC265 plants restricted SCA feeding from the phloem sap. However, exogenous application of JA attenuated the resistant phenotype and promoted improved aphid feeding and colonization on SC265 plants. This was further confirmed with sorghum JA-deficient plants, in which JA deficiency promoted aphid settling, however, it also reduced aphid feeding from the phloem sap and curtailed SCA population. Exogenous application of JA caused enhanced feeding and aphid proliferation on JA-deficient plants, suggesting that JA promotes aphid growth and development. SCA feeding on JA-deficient plants altered the sugar metabolism and enhanced the levels of fructose and trehalose compared with wild-type plants. Furthermore, aphid artificial diet containing fructose and trehalose curtailed aphid growth and reproduction. Our findings underscore a previously unknown dichotomous role of JA, which may have opposing effects by deterring aphid settling during the early stage and enhancing aphid proliferative capacity during later stages of aphid colonization on sorghum plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjan Grover
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Heena Puri
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Zhanguo Xin
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, U.S.A
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
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12
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Gong J, Zhang Z, Wang B, Shi J, Zhang W, Dong Q, Song L, Li Y, Liu Y. N addition rebalances the carbon and nitrogen metabolisms of Leymus chinensis through leaf N investment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:221-232. [PMID: 35714430 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensifying nitrogen (N) deposition disturbs the growth of grassland plants due to an imbalance between their carbon (C) and N metabolism. However, it's unclear how plant physiological strategies restore balance. We investigated the effects of multiple N addition levels (0-25 g N m-2 yr-1) on the coordination of C and N metabolism in a dominant grass (Leymus chinensis) in a semiarid grassland in northern China. To do so, we evaluated photosynthetic parameters, leaf N allocation, C- and N-based metabolites, and metabolic enzymes. We found that a moderate N level (10 g N m-2 yr-1) promoted carboxylation and electron transport by allocating more N to the photosynthetic apparatus and increasing ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, thereby increasing photosynthetic capacity. The highest N level (25 g N m-2 yr-1) promoted N investment in nonphotosynthetic pathways and increased the free amino acids in the leaves. N addition stimulated the accumulation of C and N compounds across organs by activating sucrose phosphate synthase, nitrate reductase, and glutamine synthetase. This enhancement triggered a transformation of primary metabolites (nonstructural carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids) to secondary metabolites (flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids) for temporary storage or as defense compounds. Citric acid, as the C skeleton for enhanced N metabolism, decreased significantly, and malic acid increased by catalysis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Our findings show the adaptability of L. chinensis to different N-addition levels by adjusting its allocations of C and N metabolic compounds and confirm the roles of C and N coordination by grassland plants in these adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Biao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China.
| | - Jiayu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Liangyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
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13
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Jacobsen DJ. Growth rate and life history shape plant resistance to herbivores. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1074-1084. [PMID: 35686627 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Plant defenses are shaped by many factors, including herbivory, lifespan, and mating system. Predictions about plant defense and resistance are often based on resource allocation trade-offs with plant growth and reproduction. Additionally, two types of plant resistance, constitutive and induced resistance, are predicted to be evolutionary alternatives or redundant strategies. Given the variety of plant trait combinations and non-mutually exclusive predictions, examining resistance strategies in related species with different combinations of growth and reproductive traits is important to tease apart roles of plant traits and evolutionary history on plant resistance. METHODS Phylogenetic comparative methods were used to examine the potentially interacting influences of life history (annual/perennial), mating system (self-compatible/self-incompatible), and species growth rates on constitutive resistance and inducibility (additional resistance following damage) across Physalis species (Solanaceae). RESULTS Resistance was evolutionarily labile, and there was no correlation between constitutive resistance and inducibility. Annual species with fast growth rates displayed higher constitutive resistance, but growth rate did not affect constitutive resistance in perennials. In contrast, inducibility was negatively associated with species growth rate regardless of life history or mating system. CONCLUSIONS The different effects of plant life history and growth rate on constitutive resistance and inducibility indicate that defensive evolution is unconstrained by a trade-off between resistance types. The interactions among plant life history, growth, and herbivore resistance show that plant defense is shaped not only by herbivore environment, but also by plant traits that reflect a plant's evolutionary history and local selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidra J Jacobsen
- Department of Biology, 1001 E. Third Street, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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14
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Nguyen TH, Goossens A, Lacchini E. Jasmonate: A hormone of primary importance for plant metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 67:102197. [PMID: 35248983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, jasmonates (JAs) have become recognized as one of the main plant hormones that regulate stress responses by activating defense programs and the production of specialized metabolites. High JA levels have been associated with reduced plant growth, supposedly as a result of the reallocation of carbon sources from primary growth to the biosynthesis of defense compounds. Recent advances suggest however that tight regulatory networks integrate several sensing pathways to steer plant metabolism, and thereby drive the trade-off between growth and defense. In this review, we discuss how JA influences primary metabolism and how it is connected to light-regulated processes, nutrient sensing and energy metabolism. Finally, we speculate that JA, in a conceptual parallelism with adrenaline for humans, overall boosts cellular processes to keep up with an increased metabolic demand during harsh times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Hieu Nguyen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Elia Lacchini
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Hu J, Ren B, Chen Y, Liu P, Zhao B, Zhang J. Exogenous 6-Benzyladenine Improved the Ear Differentiation of Waterlogged Summer Maize by Regulating the Metabolism of Hormone and Sugar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:848989. [PMID: 35463417 PMCID: PMC9021890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.848989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging (W-B) is a major abiotic stress during the growth cycle of maize production in Huang-huai-hai plain of China, threatening food security. A wide range of studies suggests that the application of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) can mitigate the W-B effects on crops. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. In this study, the application of 6-BA that effectively increased the yield of summer maize was confirmed to be related to the hormone and sugar metabolism. At the florets differentiation stage, application of 6-BA increased the content of trans-zeatin (TZ, + 59.3%) and salicylic acid (SA, + 285.5%) of ears to induce the activity of invertase, thus establishing sink strength. During the phase of sexual organ formation, the TZ content of ear leaves, spike nodes, and ears was increased by 24.2, 64.2, and 46.1%, respectively, in W-B treatment, compared with that of W. Accordingly, the sugar metabolism of summer maize was also improved. Therefore, the structure of the spike node was improved, promoting the translocation of carbon assimilations toward the ears and the development of ears and filaments. Thus the number of fertilized florets, grain number, and yield were increased by the application of 6-BA.
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16
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Chen XJ, Yin YQ, Zhu XM, Xia X, Han JJ. High Ambient Temperature Regulated the Plant Systemic Response to the Beneficial Endophytic Fungus Serendipita indica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:844572. [PMID: 35371134 PMCID: PMC8966885 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.844572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most plants in nature establish symbiotic associations with endophytic fungi in soil. Beneficial endophytic fungi induce a systemic response in the aboveground parts of the host plant, thus promoting the growth and fitness of host plants. Meanwhile, temperature elevation from climate change widely affects global plant biodiversity as well as crop quality and yield. Over the past decades, great progresses have been made in the response of plants to high ambient temperature and to symbiosis with endophytic fungi. However, little is known about their synergistic effect on host plants. The endophytic fungus Serendipita indica colonizes the roots of a wide range of plants, including Arabidopsis. Based on the Arabidopsis-S. indica symbiosis experimental system, we analyzed the synergistic effect of high ambient temperature and endophytic fungal symbiosis on host plants. By transcriptome analysis, we found that DNA replication-related genes were significantly upregulated during the systemic response of Arabidopsis aboveground parts to S. indica colonization. Plant hormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), play important roles in plant growth and systemic responses. We found that high ambient temperature repressed the JA and ET signaling pathways of Arabidopsis aboveground parts during the systemic response to S. indica colonization in roots. Meanwhile, PIF4 is the central hub transcription factor controlling plant thermosensory growth under high ambient temperature in Arabidopsis. PIF4 is also involving JA and/or ET signaling pathway. We found that PIF4 target genes overlapped with many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the systemic response, and further showed that the growth promotion efficiency of S. indica on the pif4 mutant was higher than that on the wild-type plants. In short, our data showed that high ambient temperature strengthened the growth promotion effect of S. indica fungi on the aboveground parts of the host plant Arabidopsis, and the growth promotion effect of the systemic response under high ambient temperature was regulated by PIF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Qing Yin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin-Meng Zhu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Jia Han
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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17
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Kumar S, Thakur M, Mitra R, Basu S, Anand A. Sugar metabolism during pre- and post-fertilization events in plants under high temperature stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:655-673. [PMID: 34628530 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High temperature challenges global crop production by limiting the growth and development of the reproductive structures and seed. It impairs the developmental stages of male and female gametogenesis, pollination, fertilization, endosperm formation and embryo development. Among these, the male reproductive processes are highly prone to abnormalities under high temperature at various stages of development. The disruption of source-sink balance is the main constraint for satisfactory growth of the reproductive structures which is disturbed at the level of sucrose import and utilization within the tissue. Seed development after fertilization is affected by modulation in the activity of enzymes involved in starch metabolism. In addition, the alteration in the seed-filling rate and its duration affects the seed weight and quality. The present review critically discusses the role of sugar metabolism in influencing the various stages of gamete and seed development under high temperature stress. It also highlights the interaction of the sugars with hormones that mediate the transport of sugars to sink tissues. The role of transcription factors for the regulation of sugar availability under high temperature has also been discussed. Further, the omics-based systematic investigation has been suggested to understand the synergistic or antagonistic interactions between sugars, hormones and reactive oxygen species at various points of sucrose flow from source to sink under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, 177 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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18
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Panda S, Jozwiak A, Sonawane PD, Szymanski J, Kazachkova Y, Vainer A, Vasuki Kilambi H, Almekias-Siegl E, Dikaya V, Bocobza S, Shohat H, Meir S, Wizler G, Giri AP, Schuurink R, Weiss D, Yasuor H, Kamble A, Aharoni A. Steroidal alkaloids defence metabolism and plant growth are modulated by the joint action of gibberellin and jasmonate signalling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1220-1237. [PMID: 34758118 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are protective metabolites constitutively produced by Solanaceae species. Genes and enzymes generating the vast structural diversity of SGAs have been largely identified. Yet, mechanisms of hormone pathways coordinating defence (jasmonate; JA) and growth (gibberellin; GA) controlling SGAs metabolism remain unclear. We used tomato to decipher the hormonal regulation of SGAs metabolism during growth vs defence tradeoff. This was performed by genetic and biochemical characterisation of different JA and GA pathways components, coupled with in vitro experiments to elucidate the crosstalk between these hormone pathways mediating SGAs metabolism. We discovered that reduced active JA results in decreased SGA production, while low levels of GA or its receptor led to elevated SGA accumulation. We showed that MYC1 and MYC2 transcription factors mediate the JA/GA crosstalk by transcriptional activation of SGA biosynthesis and GA catabolism genes. Furthermore, MYC1 and MYC2 transcriptionally regulate the GA signalling suppressor DELLA that by itself interferes in JA-mediated SGA control by modulating MYC activity through protein-protein interaction. Chemical and fungal pathogen treatments reinforced the concept of JA/GA crosstalk during SGA metabolism. These findings revealed the mechanism of JA/GA interplay in SGA biosynthesis to balance the cost of chemical defence with growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rural delivery Negev, 85280, Israel
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Adam Jozwiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Prashant D Sonawane
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jedrzej Szymanski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Andrii Vainer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Himabindu Vasuki Kilambi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Varvara Dikaya
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO-Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Hagai Shohat
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Guy Wizler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Robert Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hagai Yasuor
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rural delivery Negev, 85280, Israel
| | - Avinash Kamble
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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19
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Wan J, Yi J, Tao Z, Ren Z, Otieno EO, Tian B, Ding J, Siemann E, Erb M, Huang W. Species specific plant‐mediated effects between herbivores converge at high damage intensity. Ecology 2022; 103:e3647. [PMID: 35072958 PMCID: PMC9285418 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants are often exposed to multiple herbivores and densities of these attackers (or corresponding damage intensities) often fluctuate greatly in the field. Plant‐mediated interactions vary among herbivore species and with changing feeding intensity, but little is known about how herbivore identity and density interact to determine plant responses and herbivore fitness. Here, we investigated this question using Triadica sebifera (tallow) and two common and abundant specialist insect herbivores, Bikasha collaris (flea beetle) and Heterapoderopsis bicallosicollis (weevil). By manipulating densities of leaf‐feeding adults of these two herbivore species, we tested how variations in the intensity of leaf damage caused by flea beetle or weevil adults affected the performance of root‐feeding flea beetle larvae and evaluated the potential of induced tallow root traits to predict flea beetle larval performance. We found that weevil adults consistently decreased the survival of flea beetle larvae with increasing leaf damage intensities. In contrast, conspecific flea beetle adults increased their larval survival at low damage then decreased larval survival at high damage, resulting in a unimodal pattern. Chemical analyses showed that increasing leaf damage from weevil adults linearly decreased root carbohydrates and increased root tannin, whereas flea beetle adults had opposite effects as weevil adults at low damage and similar effects as them at high damage. Furthermore, across all feeding treatments, flea beetle larval survival correlated positively with concentrations of carbohydrates and negatively with concentration of tannin, suggesting that root primary and secondary metabolism might underlie the observed effects on flea beetle larvae. Our study demonstrates that herbivore identity and density interact to determine systemic plant responses and plant‐mediated effects on herbivores. In particular, effects are species‐specific at low densities, but converge at high densities. These findings emphasize the importance of considering herbivore identity and density simultaneously when investigating factors driving plant‐mediated interactions between herbivores, which advances our understanding of the structure and composition of herbivore communities and terrestrial food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jiahui Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhibin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Zhikun Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Evans O. Otieno
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Baoliang Tian
- School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences Rice University Houston Texas USA
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
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20
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Changes in Polar Metabolites Content during Natural and Methyl-Jasmonate-Promoted Senescence of Ginkgo biloba Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010266. [PMID: 35008692 PMCID: PMC8745189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study clarified changes in the contents of polar metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, saccharides, cyclitols, and phosphoric acid) in leaf senescence in Ginkgo biloba with or without the application of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) in comparison with those in naturally senescent leaf blades and petioles. The contents of most amino acids and citric and malic acids were significantly higher in abaxially, and that of myo-inositol was lower in abaxially JA-Me-treated leaves than in adaxially JA-Me-treated and naturally senescent leaves. The levels of succinic and fumaric acids in leaves treated adaxially substantially high, but not in naturally senescent leaves. In contrast, sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents were much lower in leaf blades and petioles treated abaxially with JA-Me than those treated adaxially. The levels of these saccharides were also lower compared with those in naturally senescent leaves. Shikimic acid and quinic acid were present at high levels in leaf blades and petioles of G. biloba. In leaves naturally senescent, their levels were higher compared to green leaves. The shikimic acid content was also higher in the organs of naturally yellow leaves than in those treated with JA-Me. These results strongly suggest that JA-Me applied abaxially significantly enhanced processes of primary metabolism during senescence of G. biloba compared with those applied adaxially. The changes in polar metabolites in relation to natural senescence were also discussed.
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Durán-Medina Y, Ruiz-Cortés BE, Guerrero-Largo H, Marsch-Martínez N. Specialized metabolism and development: An unexpected friendship. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 64:102142. [PMID: 34856480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a myriad of metabolites. Some of them have been regarded for a long time as secondary or specialized metabolites and are considered to have functions mostly in defense and the adaptation of plants to their environment. However, in the last years, new research has shown that these metabolites can also have roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, some acting as signals, through the interaction with hormonal pathways, and some independently of them. These reports provide a glimpse of the functional possibilities that specialized metabolites present in the modulation of plant development and encourage more research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Durán-Medina
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Esperanza Ruiz-Cortés
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico
| | - Herenia Guerrero-Largo
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico.
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Mazzoni-Putman SM, Brumos J, Zhao C, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Auxin Interactions with Other Hormones in Plant Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039990. [PMID: 33903155 PMCID: PMC8485746 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator that governs plant development and responses to environmental perturbations. It functions at the heart of many developmental processes, from embryogenesis to organ senescence, and is key to plant interactions with the environment, including responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As remarkable as auxin is, it does not act alone, but rather solicits the help of, or is solicited by, other endogenous signals, including the plant hormones abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. The interactions between auxin and other hormones occur at multiple levels: hormones regulate one another's synthesis, transport, and/or response; hormone-specific transcriptional regulators for different pathways physically interact and/or converge on common target genes; etc. However, our understanding of this crosstalk is still fragmentary, with only a few pieces of the gigantic puzzle firmly established. In this review, we provide a glimpse into the complexity of hormone interactions that involve auxin, underscoring how patchy our current understanding is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serina M Mazzoni-Putman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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Ke L, Wang Y, Schäfer M, Städler T, Zeng R, Fabian J, Pulido H, De Moraes CM, Song Y, Xu S. Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Shared Signalling Networks Between Flower Development and Herbivory-Induced Responses in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:722810. [PMID: 34630470 PMCID: PMC8493932 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Most flowering plants must defend themselves against herbivores for survival and attract pollinators for reproduction. Although traits involved in plant defence and pollinator attraction are often localised in leaves and flowers, respectively, they will show a diffuse evolution if they share the same molecular machinery and regulatory networks. We performed RNA-sequencing to characterise and compare transcriptomic changes involved in herbivory-induced defences and flower development, in tomato leaves and flowers, respectively. We found that both the herbivory-induced responses and flower development involved alterations in jasmonic acid signalling, suppression of primary metabolism and reprogramming of secondary metabolism. We identified 411 genes that were involved in both processes, a number significantly higher than expected by chance. Genetic manipulation of key regulators of induced defences also led to the expression changes in the same genes in both leaves and flowers. Targeted metabolomic analysis showed that among closely related tomato species, jasmonic acid and α-tomatine are correlated in flower buds and herbivory-induced leaves. These findings suggest that herbivory-induced responses and flower development share a common molecular machinery and likely have coevolved in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yangzi Wang
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Städler
- Plant Ecological Genetics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jörg Fabian
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannier Pulido
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Xu
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Panda S, Kazachkova Y, Aharoni A. Catch-22 in specialized metabolism: balancing defense and growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6027-6041. [PMID: 34293097 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants are unsurpassed biochemists that synthesize a plethora of molecules in response to an ever-changing environment. The majority of these molecules, considered as specialized metabolites, effectively protect the plant against pathogens and herbivores. However, this defense most probably comes at a great expense, leading to reduction of growth (known as the 'growth-defense trade-off'). Plants employ several strategies to reduce the high metabolic costs associated with chemical defense. Production of specialized metabolites is tightly regulated by a network of transcription factors facilitating its fine-tuning in time and space. Multifunctionality of specialized metabolites-their effective recycling system by re-using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, thus re-introducing them back to the primary metabolite pool-allows further cost reduction. Spatial separation of biosynthetic enzymes and their substrates, and sequestration of potentially toxic substances and conversion to less toxic metabolite forms are the plant's solutions to avoid the detrimental effects of metabolites they produce as well as to reduce production costs. Constant fitness pressure from herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stressors leads to honing of specialized metabolite biosynthesis reactions to be timely, efficient, and metabolically cost-effective. In this review, we assess the costs of production of specialized metabolites for chemical defense and the different plant mechanisms to reduce the cost of such metabolic activity in terms of self-toxicity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Negev, Israel
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Decoupling of Plant Growth and Accumulation of Biologically Active Compounds in Leaves, Roots, and Root Exudates of Hypericum perforatum L. by the Combination of Jasmonate and Far-Red Lighting. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091283. [PMID: 34572496 PMCID: PMC8467824 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) fine tunes the growth–defense dilemma by inhibiting plant growth and stimulating the accumulation of secondary compounds. We investigated the interactions between JA and phytochrome B signaling on growth and the accumulation of selected secondary metabolites in Hypericum perforatum L., a medically important plant, by spraying plants with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and by adding far-red (FR) lighting. MeJA inhibited plant growth, decreased fructose concentration, and enhanced the accumulation of most secondary metabolites. FR enhanced plant growth and starch accumulation and did not decrease the accumulation of most secondary metabolites. MeJA and FR acted mostly independently with no observable interactions on plant growth or secondary metabolite levels. The accumulation of different compounds (e.g., hypericin, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acid) in shoots, roots, and root exudates showed different responses to the two treatments. These findings indicate that the relationship between growth and secondary compound accumulation is specific and depends on the classes of compounds and/or their organ location. The combined application of MeJA and FR enhanced the accumulation of most secondary compounds without compromising plant growth. Thus, the negative correlations between biomass and the content of secondary compounds predicted by the growth-defense dilemma were overcome.
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Zhang W, Luo X, Zhang AY, Ma CY, Sun K, Zhang TT, Dai CC. Jasmonate signaling restricts root soluble sugar accumulation and drives root-fungus symbiosis loss at flowering by antagonizing gibberellin biosynthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 309:110940. [PMID: 34134852 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate restricts accumulation of constitutive and fungus-induced root soluble sugars at flowering stage, and thus reduces root beneficial fungal colonization, but little is known about how these are achieved. To determine whether jasmonate-mediated depletion of soluble sugars is the result of direct phytohormonal cross-talk or indirect induced defensive secondary metabolism, we first profiled soluble sugar and tryptophan (Trp)-derived defensive secondary metabolites in the roots of wild-type and jasmonate signaling-impaired Arabidopsis thaliana at flowering upon a beneficial fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris inoculation. Next, jasmonate and gibberellin signaling were manipulated to determine the relationship between jasmonate and gibberellin, and to quantify the effects of these phytohormones on fungal colonization degree, soluble sugar accumulation, Trp-derived secondary metabolites production, and sugar source-sink transport and metabolism. Gibberellin complementation increased Ph. liquidambaris colonization and rescued jasmonate-dependent root soluble sugar depletion and phloem sugar transport and root invertase activity without influencing jasmonate-induced Trp-derived secondary metabolites production at flowering. Furthermore, jasmonate signaling antagonized gibberellin biosynthesis in Ph. liquidambaris-inoculated roots. Our results suggest a phytohormonal antagonism model that jasmonate signaling restricts root soluble sugar accumulation through antagonizing gibberellin biosynthesis rather than through promoting Trp-derived secondary metabolites production and thus drives beneficial fungal colonization decline at flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Yu Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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Liu Y, Oduor AMO, Dai Z, Gao F, Li J, Zhang X, Yu F. Suppression of a plant hormone gibberellin reduces growth of invasive plants more than native plants. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Inst. of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Ayub M. O. Oduor
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou PR China
| | - Zhi‐Cong Dai
- Dept of Applied Biology, Technical Univ. of Kenya Nairobi Kenya
- Inst. of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Univ. Zhenjiang PR China
| | - Fang‐Lei Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou PR China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou Univ. Binzhou PR China
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Inst. of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Fei‐Hai Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou PR China
- Inst. of Wetland Ecology and Clone Ecology, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou PR China
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28
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Fernández-Milmanda GL, Ballaré CL. Shade Avoidance: Expanding the Color and Hormone Palette. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:509-523. [PMID: 33461868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Major strides have been made over the past decade in elucidating the mechanisms that mediate shade-avoidance responses. The canonical PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-auxin pathway that begins with inactivation of phytochrome B (phyB) by a low red:far-red (R:FR) ratio, and that leads to increased elongation, has been thoroughly characterized in arabidopsis (Arabidopsisthaliana) seedlings. Nevertheless, studies in other life stages and plant species have demonstrated the role of other wavelengths, photoreceptors, and hormones in the orchestration of shade-avoidance responses. We highlight recent developments that illustrate how canopy light cues regulate signaling through auxin, gibberellins (GAs), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and strigolactones (SLs) to modulate key aspects of plant growth, metabolism, and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe L Fernández-Milmanda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBIO), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Noman A, Aqeel M, Islam W, Khalid N, Akhtar N, Qasim M, Yasin G, Hashem M, Alamri S, Al-Zoubi OM, Jalees MM, Al-Sadi A. Insects-plants-pathogens: Toxicity, dependence and defense dynamics. Toxicon 2021; 197:87-98. [PMID: 33848517 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In a natural ecosystem, the pathogen-plant-insect relationship has diverse implications for each other. The pathogens as well as insect-pests consume plant tissues as their feed that mostly results in damage. In turn, plant species have evolved specialized defense system to not only protect themselves but reduce the damage also. Such tripartite interactions involve toxicity, metabolic modulations, resistance etc. among all participants of interaction. These attributes result in selection pressure among participants. Coevolution of such traits reveals need to focus and unravel multiple hidden aspects of insect-plant-pathogen interactions. The definite modulations during plant responses to biotic stress and the operating defense network against herbivores are vital to research areas. Different types of plant pathogens and herbivores are tackled with various changes in plants, e.g. changes in genes expression, glucosinolate metabolism detoxification, signal transduction, cell wall modifications, Ca2+dependent signaling. It is essential to clarify which chemical in plants can work as a defense signal or weapon in plant-pathogen-herbivore interactions. In spite of increased knowledge regarding signal transduction pathways regulating growth-defense balance, much more is needed to unveil the coordination of growth rate with metabolic modulations in bi-trophic interactions. Here, we addressed plant-pathogen-insect interaction for toxicity as well as dependnce along with plant defense dynamics against pathogens and insects with broad range effects at the physio-biochemical and molecular level. We have reviewed interfaces in plant-pathogen-insect research to show pulsating regulation of plant immunity for attuning survival and ecological equilibrium. An improved understanding of the systematic foundation of growth-defense stability has vital repercussions for enhancing crop yield, including insights into uncoupling of host-parasite tradeoffs for ecological and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahau Din Zakria University Multan Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Saad Alamri
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Moazam Jalees
- Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Al-Sadi
- College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat. Sultanate of Oman, Oman
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Li R, Jin J, Xu J, Wang L, Li J, Lou Y, Baldwin IT. Long non-coding RNAs associate with jasmonate-mediated plant defence against herbivores. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:982-994. [PMID: 33190219 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are important regulators of many biological processes in plants, including defence against pathogens; whether lncRNAs mediate defence against herbivore attack is yet to be explored. With wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, and its well-characterized interactions with herbivores, we identified a total of 1,290 significantly up- or down-regulated lncRNAs in response to a precise herbivore elicitation treatment. Of these, long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) were the most abundant. Based on their expression patterns, these up-regulated lincRNAs were classified as early (<1 hr) or late (>3 hr) responders. The early responding lincRNAs had accumulation patterns that tracked the herbivore-elicited burst of bioactive jasmonates (JAs) and the expression of regulator genes in JA signalling which regulate plant defences against herbivores. Silencing two of these early responders in N. attenuata (JAL1 and JAL3) significantly attenuated the accumulation of JAs, JA-mediated defensives and the plant's resistance to M. sexta attack, suggesting roles in regulating JA-mediated plant defence. By lincRNA sequencing of JA-deficient lines, many late responder lincRNAs were found to be transcriptionally regulated by JA signalling. This study uncovers a new role of lncRNAs in JA-mediated herbivore resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Jin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiancai Li
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Yonggen Lou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Garcia A, Martinez M, Diaz I, Santamaria ME. The Price of the Induced Defense Against Pests: A Meta-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:615122. [PMID: 33552106 PMCID: PMC7859116 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.615122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants and phytophagous arthropods have co-evolved for millions of years. During this long coexistence, plants have developed defense mechanisms including constitutive and inducible defenses. In an effort to survive upon herbivore attack, plants suffer a resource reallocation to facilitate the prioritization of defense toward growth. These rearrangements usually end up with a penalty in plant growth, development or reproduction directly linked to crop losses. Achieving the balance to maximize crop yield requires a fine tune regulation specific for each host-arthropod combination, which remains to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effects of induced plant defenses produced upon pest feeding on plant fitness and surrogate parameters. The majority of the studies are focused on specific plant-pest interactions based on artificial herbivory damage or simulated defoliation on specific plant hosts. In this meta-analysis, the relevance of the variables mediating plant-pest interactions has been studied. The importance of plant and pest species, the infestation conditions (plant age, length/magnitude of infestation) and the parameters measured to estimate fitness (carbohydrate content, growth, photosynthesis and reproduction) in the final cost have been analyzed through a meta-analysis of 209 effects sizes from 46 different studies. Herbivore infestation reduced growth, photosynthesis and reproduction but not carbohydrate content. When focusing on the analyses of the variables modulating plant-pest interactions, new conclusions arise. Differences on the effect on plant growth and photosynthesis were observed among different feeding guilds or plant hosts, suggesting that these variables are key players in the final effects. Regarding the ontogenetic stage of a plant, negative effects were reported only in infestations during the vegetative stage of the plant, while no effect was observed during the reproductive stage. In addition, a direct relation was found between the durability and magnitude of the infestation, and the final negative effect on plant fitness. Among the parameters used to estimate the cost, growth and photosynthesis revealed more differences among subgroups than reproduction parameters. Altogether, this information on defense-growth trade-offs should be of great help for the scientific community to design pest management strategies reducing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garcia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
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Florencio-Ortiz V, Novák O, Casas JL. Phytohormone responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves under a high density of aphid infestation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:519-527. [PMID: 32794184 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The time course response of selected phytohormones has been evaluated in sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation. Abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and jasmonates (JAs), including jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and cis-OPDA have been simultaneously identified and quantitated by UHPLC-MS/MS in pepper leaf tissue harvested at 3, 8 hours post-infestation (hpi), 1, 2, 4 and 7 days post-infestation (dpi). Infested plants showed a reduction in stem length at 7 dpi and in the number of leaves and leaf width from 4 dpi onwards. JA and JA-Ile significantly increased very early (from 3 hpi) while SA only accumulated at 7 dpi. Despite the high density of infestation, the aphid-induced accumulation of JAs was much lower than the burst typically induced by chewing herbivores. On the other side, ABA peaked in aphid-infested plants at 2 and 4 dpi, while IAA content did not change significantly at any time point. Growth inhibition may be partially explained by the high levels of JAs found in aphid-infested plants. The possibility that the obtained results support the hypothesis of the aphid manipulation of plant metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Florencio-Ortiz
- Unidad Asociada IPAB (UA-CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - José L Casas
- Unidad Asociada IPAB (UA-CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Yang F, Tang J, Yang D, Yang T, Liu H, Luo W, Wu J, Jianqiang W, Wang L. Jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine and allene oxide cyclase-derived jasmonates differently regulate gibberellin metabolism in herbivory-induced inhibition of plant growth. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 300:110627. [PMID: 33180707 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The trade-off between plant growth and resistance to herbivory is thought to be at least partly mediated by the interactions between jasmonates and gibberellins (GAs). Insect herbivory activates jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling, and plant growth is concomitantly inhibited. Whether or not the herbivory-induced jasmonates suppress the accumulation of GAs and thus reduce plant growth, and which jasmonates are functional in this process, remain unclear. In this study, we show that herbivory-induced stunted growth of Nicotiana attenuata was completely dependent on allene oxide cyclase (AOC) and coronatine insensitive1 (COI1), which encode a JA biosynthetic enzyme and the receptor, respectively, but only partially dependent on jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile), the bioactive jasmonate. Quantification of GAs and exogenous treatments indicated that herbivory-induced growth inhibition was caused by GA4 deficiency, and that the reduction in GA4 accumulation was strongly associated with both decreased concentrations of GA biosynthetic gene transcripts and transcriptional activation of GA catabolic genes. We further show that JA-Ile only positively regulated the levels of GA catabolic genes, while the accumulation of GA biosynthetic gene transcripts was controlled by certain AOC-derived jasmonate(s) rather than by JA-Ile. This work sheds light on the mechanisms by which plants adapt to herbivory by using intricate phytohormone signaling and transcriptional regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinxiang Tang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wanni Luo
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wu Jianqiang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Arbona V, Ximénez-Embún MG, Echavarri-Muñoz A, Martin-Sánchez M, Gómez-Cadenas A, Ortego F, González-Guzmán M. Early Molecular Responses of Tomato to Combined Moderate Water Stress and Tomato Red Spider Mite Tetranychus evansi Attack. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9091131. [PMID: 32878349 PMCID: PMC7570366 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between plants and their environment is changing as a consequence of the climate change and global warming, increasing the performance and dispersal of some pest species which become invasive species. Tetranychus evansi also known as the tomato red spider mite, is an invasive species which has been reported to increase its performance when feeding in the tomato cultivar Moneymaker (MM) under water deficit conditions. In order to clarify the underlying molecular events involved, we examined early plant molecular changes occurring on MM during T. evansi infestation alone or in combination with moderate drought stress. Hormonal profiling of MM plants showed an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) levels in drought-stressed plants while salicylic acid (SA) levels were higher in drought-stressed plants infested with T. evansi, indicating that SA is involved in the regulation of plant responses to this stress combination. Changes in the expression of ABA-dependent DREB2, NCED1, and RAB18 genes confirmed the presence of drought-dependent molecular responses in tomato plants and indicated that these responses could be modulated by the tomato red spider mite. Tomato metabolic profiling identified 42 differentially altered compounds produced by T. evansi attack, moderate drought stress, and/or their combination, reinforcing the idea of putative manipulation of tomato plant responses by tomato red spider mite. Altogether, these results indicate that the tomato red spider mite acts modulating plant responses to moderate drought stress by interfering with the ABA and SA hormonal responses, providing new insights into the early events occurring on plant biotic and abiotic stress interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (V.A.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Miguel G. Ximénez-Embún
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.X.-E.); (A.E.-M.); (M.M.-S.); (F.O.)
| | - Alberto Echavarri-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.X.-E.); (A.E.-M.); (M.M.-S.); (F.O.)
| | - Marcos Martin-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.X.-E.); (A.E.-M.); (M.M.-S.); (F.O.)
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (V.A.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Félix Ortego
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.X.-E.); (A.E.-M.); (M.M.-S.); (F.O.)
| | - Miguel González-Guzmán
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (V.A.); (A.G.-C.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.X.-E.); (A.E.-M.); (M.M.-S.); (F.O.)
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Khan AL, Asaf S, Khan A, Khan A, Imran M, Al-Harrasi A, Lee IJ, Al-Rawahi A. Transcriptomic analysis of Dubas bug (Ommatissus lybicus Bergevin) infestation to Date Palm. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11505. [PMID: 32661358 PMCID: PMC7359322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and its fruit possess sociocultural, health and economic importance in Middle East. The date palm plantations are prone to Dubas bug (DB; Ommatissus lybicus DeBergevin; Homoptera: Tropiduchidae) attacks that severely damages the tree's growth and reduces fruit production. However, the transcriptome related datasets are not known to understand how DB activates physiological and gene regulatory mechanisms during infestation. Hence, we performed RNA-Seq of leaf infected with or without DB to understand the molecular responses of date palm seedlings. Before doing that, we noticed that DB infestation significantly increase superoxide anion and malondialdehyde production to two-folds as compared to healthy control. Stress-responsive genes such as proline transporter 2, NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde and superoxide dismutase were found significantly upregulated in infected seedlings. The infection repercussions were also revealed by significantly higher contents of endogenous phytohormonal signaling of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) compared with control. These findings persuaded to dig out intrinsic mechanisms and gene regulatory networks behind DB infestation to date palm by RNA-Seq analysis. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of 6,919 genes and down-regulation of 2,695 genes in leaf during the infection process. The differentially expressed genes were mostly belongs to cellular functions (calcium and MAPK), phytohormones (auxin, gibberellins, abscisic acid, JA and SA), and secondary metabolites (especially coumarinates and gossypol). The data showed that defense responses were aggravated by gene networks involved in hypersensitive responses (PAR1, RIN4, PBS1 etc.). In conclusion, the results revealed that date palm's leaf up-regulates both cellular and phytohormonal determinants, followed by intrinsic hypersensitive responses to counter infestation process by Dubas bug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Adil Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Arif Khan
- Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman
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Zhang Z, Gong J, Wang B, Li X, Ding Y, Yang B, Zhu C, Liu M, Zhang W. Regrowth strategies of Leymus chinensis in response to different grazing intensities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02113. [PMID: 32112460 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In temperate grassland ecosystems, grazing can affect plant growth by foraging, trampling, and excretion. The ability of dominant plant species to regrow after grazing is critical, since it allows the regeneration of photosynthetic tissues to support growth. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effects of different grazing intensities (control, light, medium, and heavy) on the physiological and biochemical responses of Leymus chinensis and the carbon (C) sources utilized during regrowth. Light grazing promoted regrowth and photoassimilate storage of L. chinensis, by increasing the net photosynthetic rate (Pn ), photosynthetic quenching, light interception, sugar accumulation, sucrose synthase activities, and fructose supply from stems. At medium grazing intensity, L. chinensis had low Pn , light interception, and sugar accumulation, but higher expression of a sucrose transporter gene (LcSUT1) and water-use efficiency, which reflected a tendency to store C in belowground to promote survival. This strategy was associated with regulation by abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonate, and salicylic acid (SA) signaling. However, L. chinensis tolerated heavy grazing by increased ABA and jasmonate-induced promotion of C assimilation and osmotic adjustment, combined with photoprotection against photo-oxidation, suggesting a strategy based on regrowth. In addition, stems were the main C source organs and energy supply rather than roots. Simultaneously, SA represented a weaker defense than ABA and jasmonate. Therefore, L. chinensis adopted different strategies for regrowth under different grazing intensities, and light grazing promoted regrowth the most. Our results demonstrate the regulation of C reserves utilization by phytohormones, and this regulation provides an explanation for recent results about grazing responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jirui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academic of Agricultural Science, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Yin J, Yang J, Ma H, Liang T, Li Y, Xiao J, Tian H, Xu Z, Zhan Y. Expression characteristics and function of CAS and a new beta-amyrin synthase in triterpenoid synthesis in birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110433. [PMID: 32234222 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids produced by the secondary metabolism of Betula platyphylla Suk. exhibit important pharmacological activities, such as tumor inhibition, anti-HIV, and defense against pathogens, but the yield of natural synthesis is low, which is insufficient to meet people's needs. In this study, we identified two OSC genes of birch, named as BpCAS and Bpβ-AS, respectively. The expression of BpCAS and Bpβ-AS were higher levels in roots and in stems, respectively, and they induced expression in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA), gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene and mechanical damage. The function of the two genes in the triterpene synthesis of birch was identified by reverse genetics. The inhibition of Bpβ-AS gene positively regulates synthesis of betulinic acid. BpCAS interference can significantly promote the upregulation of lupeol synthase gene (BPW) and β-amyrin synthase gene(BPY), and conversion of 2,3-oxidosqualene to the downstream products betulinic acid and oleanolic acid. This study provided a basis for the genetic improvement of triterpenoid synthesis in birch through genetic engineering. The obtained transgenic birch and suspension cells served as material resources for birch triterpenoid applications in further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongsi Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tian Liang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jialei Xiao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Hongmei Tian
- Forest Botanical Garden of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yaguang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Liu M, Gong J, Yang B, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhu C, Hou X. Differences in the photosynthetic and physiological responses of Leymus chinensis to different levels of grazing intensity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:558. [PMID: 31842774 PMCID: PMC6916219 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grazing is an important land use in northern China. In general, different grazing intensities had a different impact on the morphological and physiological traits of plants, and especially their photosynthetic capacity. We investigated the responses of Leymus chinensis to light, medium, and heavy grazing intensities in comparison with a grazing exclusion control. RESULTS With light grazing, L. chinensis showed decreased photosynthetic capacity. The low chlorophyll and carotenoid contents constrained light energy transformation and dissipation, and Rubisco activity was also low, restricting the carboxylation efficiency. In addition, the damaged photosynthetic apparatus accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). With medium grazing, more energy was used for thermal dissipation, with high carotene content and high non-photochemical quenching, whereas photosynthetic electron transport was lowest. Significantly decreased photosynthesis decreased leaf C contents. Plants decreased the risk caused by ROS through increased energy dissipation. With high grazing intensity, plants changed their strategy to improve survival through photosynthetic compensation. More energy was allocated to photosynthetic electron transport. Though heavy grazing damaged the chloroplast ultrastructure, adjustment of internal mechanisms increased compensatory photosynthesis, and an increased tiller number facilitated regrowth after grazing. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the plants adopted different strategies by adjusting their metabolism and growth in response to their changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China
- Key Laboratory of Tourism and Resources, Environment in Taishan University, Taian, 271021 China
| | - Jirui Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Bo Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Yong Ding
- Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academic of Agricultural Science, Hohhot, 010021 Inner Mongolia China
| | - Zihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Biao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Xiangyang Hou
- Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academic of Agricultural Science, Hohhot, 010021 Inner Mongolia China
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Savchenko TV, Rolletschek H, Dehesh K. Jasmonates-Mediated Rewiring of Central Metabolism Regulates Adaptive Responses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2613-2620. [PMID: 31529102 PMCID: PMC6896697 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The lipid-derived hormones jasmonates (JAs) play key functions in a wide range of physiological and developmental processes that regulate growth, secondary metabolism and defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this connection, biosynthesis, tissue-specific distribution, metabolism, perception, signaling of JAs have been the target of extensive studies. In recent years, the involvement of JAs signaling pathway in the regulation of growth and adaptive responses to environmental challenges has been further examined. However, JAs-mediated mechanisms underlying the transition from 'growth mode' to 'adaptive mode' remain ambiguous. Combined analysis of transgenic lines deficient in JAs signaling in conjunction with the data from JAs-treated plants revealed the function of these hormones in rewiring of central metabolism. The collective data illustrate JAs-mediated decrease in the levels of metabolites associated with active growth such as sucrose, raffinose, orotate, citrate, malate, and an increase in phosphorylated hexoses, responsible for the suppression of growth and photosynthesis, concurrent with the induction of protective metabolites, such as aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, and aspartate family of metabolites. This finding provides an insight into the function of JAs in shifting the central metabolism from the production of growth-promoting metabolites to protective compounds and expands our understanding of the role of JAs in resource allocation in response to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya St. 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Wilson AD, Forse LB, Babst BA, Bataineh MM. Detection of Emerald Ash Borer Infestations in Living Green Ash by Noninvasive Electronic-Nose Analysis of Wood Volatiles. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E123. [PMID: 31614897 PMCID: PMC6956047 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emerald ash borer (EAB) has been the most destructive and costly nonnative insect to threaten the health of ash (Fraxinus) species in North America for at least the past 25 years. The development of methods for detecting visually-hidden EAB galleries at early stages of infestation would provide a useful tool to more effectively facilitate the planning and implementation of targeted EAB pest-suppression and management activities. We tested the efficacy of using a dual-technology electronic-nose (e-nose)/gas chromatograph device as a means for detection of EAB infestations in green ash trees in different EAB-decline classes by analysis of VOC emissions in sapwood. We found significant differences in VOC profiles for trees from the four decline classes. The VOC composition, quantities, and types of volatile metabolites present in headspace volatiles varied considerably across sample types, and resulted in distinct e-nose smellprint patterns that were characteristic of each unique chemical composition. In addition, specific VOC metabolites were identified as potential healthy and EAB-infestation biomarkers, indicative of the health states of individual trees. Few significant differences in major bark phenolic compounds were found between ash decline classes using LC-MS. The e-nose was effective in discriminating between uninfested and EAB-infested trees based on sapwood VOC emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dan Wilson
- Pathology Department, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
| | - Lisa B Forse
- Pathology Department, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
| | - Benjamin A Babst
- Arkansas Forest Resources Center, and College of Forestry, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA.
| | - Mohammad M Bataineh
- Arkansas Forest Resources Center, and College of Forestry, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA.
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Papazian S, Girdwood T, Wessels BA, Poelman EH, Dicke M, Moritz T, Albrectsen BR. Leaf metabolic signatures induced by real and simulated herbivory in black mustard (Brassica nigra). Metabolomics 2019; 15:130. [PMID: 31563978 PMCID: PMC6765471 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oxylipin methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a plant hormone active in response signalling and defence against herbivores. Although MeJA is applied experimentally to mimic herbivory and induce plant defences, its downstream effects on the plant metabolome are largely uncharacterized, especially in the context of primary growth and tissue-specificity of the response. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of MeJA-simulated and real caterpillar herbivory on the foliar metabolome of the wild plant Brassica nigra and monitored the herbivore-induced responses in relation to leaf ontogeny. METHODS As single or multiple herbivory treatments, MeJA- and mock-sprayed plants were consecutively exposed to caterpillars or left untreated. Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (TOF-MS) were combined to analyse foliar compounds, including central primary and specialized defensive plant metabolites. RESULTS Plant responses were stronger in young leaves, which simultaneously induced higher chlorophyll levels. Both MeJA and caterpillar herbivory induced similar, but not identical, accumulation of tricarboxylic acids (TCAs), glucosinolates (GSLs) and phenylpropanoids (PPs), but only caterpillar feeding led to depletion of amino acids. MeJA followed by caterpillars caused higher induction of defence compounds, including a three-fold increase in the major defence compound allyl-GSL (sinigrin). When feeding on MeJA-treated plants, caterpillars gained less weight indicative of the reduced host-plant quality and enhanced resistance. CONCLUSIONS The metabolomics approach showed that plant responses induced by herbivory extend beyond the regulation of defence metabolism and are tightly modulated throughout leaf development. This leads to a new understanding of the plant metabolic potential that can be exploited for future plant protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Papazian
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umeå Plant Science Centre), 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tristan Girdwood
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umeå Plant Science Centre), 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernard A. Wessels
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umeå Plant Science Centre), 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- 0000 0001 0791 5666grid.4818.5Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- 0000 0001 0791 5666grid.4818.5Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Moritz
- 0000 0000 8578 2742grid.6341.0Department of Forest Genetic and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Umeå Plant Science Centre), 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Benedicte R. Albrectsen
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umeå Plant Science Centre), 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Ballaré CL, Austin AT. Recalculating growth and defense strategies under competition: key roles of photoreceptors and jasmonates. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3425-3434. [PMID: 31099390 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The growth-defense trade-off in plant biology has gained enormous traction in the last two decades, highlighting the importance of understanding how plants deal with two of the greatest challenges for their survival and reproduction. It has been well established that in response to competition signals perceived by informational photoreceptors, shade-intolerant plants typically activate the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS). In turn, in response to signals of biotic attack, plants activate a suite of defense responses, many of which are directed to minimize the loss of plant tissue to the attacking agent (broadly defined, the defense syndrome, DS). We argue that components of the SAS, including increased elongation, apical dominance, reduced leaf mass per area (LMA), and allocation to roots, are in direct conflict with configurational changes that plants require to maximize defense. We hypothesize that these configurational trade-offs provide a functional explanation for the suppression of components of the DS in response to competition cues. Based on this premise, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which informational photoreceptors, by interacting with jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, help the plant to make intelligent allocation and developmental decisions that optimize its configuration in complex biotic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, HMP Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amy T Austin
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Liu M, Gong J, Li Y, Li X, Yang B, Zhang Z, Yang L, Hou X. Growth-defense trade-off regulated by hormones in grass plants growing under different grazing intensities. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:553-569. [PMID: 30091152 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory creates conflicts between a plant's need to allocate resources for growth and defense. It is not yet clear how plants rebalance resource utilization between growth and defense in response to increasing grazing intensity. We measured characteristics of the primary and secondary metabolism of Leymus chinensis at five levels of grazing intensity (control, light, moderate, heavy and extremely heavy). Furthermore, we evaluated hormone signaling by quantifying the impact of key hormones on plant growth and defense. Under light grazing intensity, indole-3-acetic acid and jasmonates appeared to promote the growth of L. chinensis through a high photosynthetic rate, high water-use efficiency and high soluble protein contents, whereas abscisic acid decreased these properties. Under moderate grazing intensity, L. chinensis had a low photosynthetic capacity but greater production of secondary metabolites (tannins, total flavonoids and total phenols), possibly induced by salicylic acid. When the grazing pressure further intensified, L. chinensis translocated more carbohydrates to its roots in order to survive and regrow. Leymus chinensis therefore exhibited a trade-off between growth and defense in order to survive and reproduce under herbivory. Plants developed different mechanisms to enhance their grazing tolerance by means of hormonal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jirui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zihe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiangyang Hou
- Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010021, China
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Abstract
Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and insect herbivores. Here, we review genes and proteins that are involved in plant-herbivore interactions and discuss how their discovery has structured the current standard model of plant-herbivore interactions. Plants perceive damage-associated and, possibly, herbivore-associated molecular patterns via receptors that activate early signaling components such as Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, and MAP kinases. Specific defense reprogramming proceeds via signaling networks that include phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and transcription factors. Local and systemic regulation of toxins, defense proteins, physical barriers, and tolerance traits protect plants against herbivores. Herbivores counteract plant defenses through biochemical defense deactivation, effector-mediated suppression of defense signaling, and chemically controlled behavioral changes. The molecular basis of plant-herbivore interactions is now well established for model systems. Expanding molecular approaches to unexplored dimensions of plant-insect interactions should be a future priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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Wu X, Ding C, Baerson SR, Lian F, Lin X, Zhang L, Wu C, Hwang SY, Zeng R, Song Y. The roles of jasmonate signalling in nitrogen uptake and allocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:659-672. [PMID: 30251262 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore damage by chewing insects activates jasmonate (JA) signalling that can elicit systemic defense responses in rice. Few details are known, however, concerning the mechanism, whereby JA signalling modulates nutrient status in rice in response to herbivory. (15 NH4 )2 SO4 labelling experiments, proteomic surveys, and RT-qPCR analyses were used to identify the roles of JA signalling in nitrogen (N) uptake and allocation in rice plants. Exogenous applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to rice seedlings led to significantly reduced N uptake in roots and reduced translocation of recently-absorbed 15 N from roots to leaves, likely occurring as a result of down-regulation of glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-2 and ferredoxin-nitrite reductase. Shoot MeJA treatment resulted in a remobilization of endogenous unlabelled 14 N from leaves to roots, and root MeJA treatment also increased 14 N accumulation in roots but did not affect 14 N accumulation in leaves of rice. Additionally, proteomic and RT-qPCR experiments showed that JA-mediated plastid disassembly and dehydrogenases GDH2 up-regulation contribute to N release in leaves to support production of defensive proteins/compounds under N-limited condition. Collectively, our results indicate that JA signalling mediates large-scale systemic changes in N uptake and allocation in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Scott R Baerson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Fazhuo Lian
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Choufei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Shaw-Yhi Hwang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Florencio-Ortiz V, Novák O, Casas JL. Local and systemic hormonal responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves under green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:356-363. [PMID: 30388675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the temporal changes in the leaf content of defence-involved phytohormones in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants responding to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation, at both local and systemic level. Aphid infestation did not alter the content of cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, the jasmonic acid (JA) precursor, even though endogenous levels of JA and its bioactive isoleucine-conjugated form (JA-Ile) significantly increased from 8 to 96 h in local infested leaves. Systemic effects in jasmonates were only showed at 48 h for JA, and 8 and 48 h in the case of JA-Ile. SA accumulated only in local infested leaves after 96 h of infestation, when the level of JA-Ile decreased in these leaves. This suggests a possible antagonistic interaction between JA and SA pathways, although other pathways may be also involved. Endogenous level of indole-3-acetic acid was higher in systemic relative to local infested leaves at 3 and 24 h, although no significant changes in its content were found compared to control leaves. Abscisic acid content was lower in local infested relative to control leaves at 24 h, but was higher at 48 h when it also increased systemically. The possible roles of the studied phytohormones in plant defence responses against aphids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Florencio-Ortiz
- Unidad Asociada IPAB (UA-CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - José L Casas
- Unidad Asociada IPAB (UA-CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain
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Effects of ( S)-Carvone and Gibberellin on Sugar Accumulation in Potatoes during Low Temperature Storage. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123118. [PMID: 30487439 PMCID: PMC6321255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) are usually stored at low temperature, which can suppress sprouting and control the occurrence of diseases. However, low temperatures lead potatoes to easily suffer from cold-induced sweetening (CIS), which has a negative effect on food processing. The aim of this research was to investigate potential treatments on controlling CIS in potatoes during postharvest storage. “Atlantic” potatoes were treated with gibberellin and (S)-carvone, respectively, and stored at 4 °C for 90 days. The results showed that gibberellin can significantly accelerate sprouting and sugar accumulation by regulating expressions of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), β-amylase (BAM1/2), UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and invertase inhibitor (INH1/2) genes. The opposite effects were found in the (S)-carvone treatment group, where CIS was inhibited by modulation of the expressions of GBSS and INH1/2 genes. In summary, gibberellin treatment can promote sugar accumulation while (S)-carvone treatment has some effects on alleviating sugar accumulation. Thus, (S)-carvone can be considered as a potential inhibitor of some of the sugars which are vital in controlling CIS in potatoes. However, the chemical concentration, treatment time, and also the treatment method needs to be optimized before industrial application.
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JAZ repressors of metabolic defense promote growth and reproductive fitness in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10768-E10777. [PMID: 30348775 PMCID: PMC6233084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811828115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate promotes resistance to plant-eating organisms, ranging from pathogenic microbes to mammals. Jasmonate reprograms metabolism to fuel the production of diverse defense compounds and simultaneously inhibits plant growth. Understanding how growth is influenced across a range of defense levels remains unclear, but has important implications for optimizing crop productivity. Using a genetic approach to “tune” the jasmonate response, we assessed the physiological consequences of discrete levels of defense throughout the plant life cycle. Overactivation of jasmonate response led to carbon starvation, near loss of seed production and, under extreme conditions, lethality. Our findings explain the emergence of diverse strategies to keep jasmonate responses at bay and provide new insights into metabolic processes that underlie growth–defense trade-offs. Plant immune responses mediated by the hormone jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) are metabolically costly and often linked to reduced growth. Although it is known that JA-Ile activates defense responses by triggering the degradation of JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) transcriptional repressor proteins, expansion of the JAZ gene family in vascular plants has hampered efforts to understand how this hormone impacts growth and other physiological tasks over the course of ontogeny. Here, we combined mutations within the 13-member Arabidopsis JAZ gene family to investigate the effects of chronic JAZ deficiency on growth, defense, and reproductive output. A higher-order mutant (jaz decuple, jazD) defective in 10 JAZ genes (JAZ1–7, -9, -10, and -13) exhibited robust resistance to insect herbivores and fungal pathogens, which was accompanied by slow vegetative growth and poor reproductive performance. Metabolic phenotypes of jazD discerned from global transcript and protein profiling were indicative of elevated carbon partitioning to amino acid-, protein-, and endoplasmic reticulum body-based defenses controlled by the JA-Ile and ethylene branches of immunity. Resource allocation to a strong defense sink in jazD leaves was associated with increased respiration and hallmarks of carbon starvation but no overt changes in photosynthetic rate. Depletion of the remaining JAZ repressors in jazD further exaggerated growth stunting, nearly abolished seed production and, under extreme conditions, caused spreading necrotic lesions and tissue death. Our results demonstrate that JAZ proteins promote growth and reproductive success at least in part by preventing catastrophic metabolic effects of an unrestrained immune response.
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Kundu A, Mishra S, Vadassery J. Spodoptera litura-mediated chemical defense is differentially modulated in older and younger systemic leaves of Solanum lycopersicum. PLANTA 2018; 248:981-997. [PMID: 29987372 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite profiling, biochemical assays, and transcript analysis revealed differential modulation of specific induced defense responses in local, older, and younger systemic leaves in Solanum lycopersicum upon Spodoptera litura herbivory. Plants reconfigure their metabolome upon herbivory to induce production of defense metabolites involved in both direct and indirect defenses against insect herbivores. Herbivory mediated leaf-to-leaf systemic induction pattern of primary and non-volatile secondary metabolites is not well studied in tomato. Here, we show that, in cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum herbivory by generalist insect, Spodoptera litura results in differential alteration of primary metabolites, majorly sugars and amino acids and specific secondary metabolites in local, younger, and older systemic leaves. Cluster analysis of 55 metabolites identified by GC-MS showed correlation between local and younger systemic leaves. Re-allocation of primary metabolites like glucose and amino acids from the local to systemic leaf was observed. Secondary metabolites chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and catechin were significantly induced during herbivory in systemic leaves. Among specific secondary metabolites, chlorogenic acid and catechin significantly inhibits S. litura larval growth in all stages. Local leaf exhibited increased lignin accumulation upon herbivory. Differential alteration of induced defense responses like reactive oxygen species, polyphenol oxidase activity, proteinase inhibitor, cell wall metabolites, and lignin accumulation was observed in systemic leaves. The metabolite alteration also resulted in increased defense in systemic leaves. Thus, comparative analysis of metabolites in local and systemic leaves of tomato revealed a constant re-allocation of primary metabolites to systemic leaves and differential induction of secondary metabolites and induced defenses upon herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kundu
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shruti Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jyothilakshmi Vadassery
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 57:2367-2379. [PMID: 30149541 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
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