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Bellucci M, Mostofa MG, Weraduwage SM, Xu Y, Abdelrahman M, De Gara L, Loreto F, Sharkey TD. The effect of constitutive root isoprene emission on root phenotype and physiology under control and salt stress conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e617. [PMID: 38973810 PMCID: PMC11227114 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Isoprene, a volatile hydrocarbon, is typically emitted from the leaves of many plant species. Given its well-known function in plant growth and defense aboveground, we examined its effects on root physiology. We used isoprene-emitting (IE) lines and a non-emitting (NE) line of Arabidopsis and investigated their performance by analyzing root phenotype, hormone levels, transcriptome, and metabolite profiles under both normal and salt stress conditions. We show that IE lines emitted tiny amounts of isoprene from roots and showed an increased root/shoot ratio compared with NE line. Isoprene emission exerted a noteworthy influence on hormone profiles related to plant growth and stress response, promoting root development and salt-stress resistance. Methyl erythritol 4-phosphate pathway metabolites, precursors of isoprene and hormones, were higher in the roots of IE lines than in the NE line. Transcriptome data indicated that the presence of isoprene increased the expression of key genes involved in hormone metabolism/signaling. Our findings reveal that constitutive root isoprene emission sustains root growth under saline conditions by regulating and/or priming hormone biosynthesis and signaling mechanisms and expression of key genes relevant to salt stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bellucci
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress ToleranceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Laura De Gara
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionThe National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐IPSP)Sesto Fiorentino (Florence)Italy
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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2
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Zhao Y, Deng L, Last RL, Hua W, Liu J. Psb28 protein is indispensable for stable accumulation of PSII core complexes in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38796842 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis represents a promising strategy to improve crop yields, with keeping the steady state of PSII being key to determining the photosynthetic performance. However, the mechanisms whereby the stability of PSII is maintained in oxygenic organisms remain to be explored. Here, we report that the Psb28 protein functions in regulating the homeostasis of PSII under different light conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. The psb28 mutant is much smaller than the wild-type plants under normal growth light, which is due to its significantly reduced PSII activity. Similar defects were seen under low light and became more pronounced under photoinhibitory light. Notably, the amounts of PSII core complexes and core subunits are specifically decreased in psb28, whereas the abundance of other representative components of photosynthetic complexes remains largely unaltered. Although the PSII activity of psb28 was severely reduced when subjected to high light, its recovery from photoinactivation was not affected. By contrast, the degradation of PSII core protein subunits is dramatically accelerated in the presence of lincomycin. These results indicate that psb28 is defective in the photoprotection of PSII, which is consistent with the observation that the overall NPQ is much lower in psb28 compared to the wild type. Moreover, the Psb28 protein is associated with PSII core complexes and interacts mainly with the CP47 subunit of PSII core. Taken together, these findings reveal an important role for Psb28 in the protection and stabilization of PSII core in response to changes in light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linbin Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
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3
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Esteban R, Pollastri S, Brilli F, García-Plazaola JI, Odriozola I, Michelozzi M, Loreto F. Dehydration and rehydration differently affect photosynthesis and volatile monoterpenes in bryophytes with contrasting ecological traits. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14395. [PMID: 38922932 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Bryophytes desiccate rapidly when relative humidity decreases. The capacity to withstand dehydration depends on several ecological and physiological factors. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may have a role in enhancing tolerance to desiccating bryophytes. However, the functions of VOCs in bryophytes have received little attention so far. We aimed to investigate the impact of a dehydration-rehydration treatment on primary carbon metabolism and volatile terpenes (VTs) in three bryophytes with contrasting ecological traits: Vessicularia dubyana, Porella platyphylla and Pleurochaete squarrosa. First, we confirmed the desiccation sensitivity gradient of the species. Under fully hydrated conditions, the photosynthetic rate (A) was inversely associated with stress tolerance, with a lower rate in more tolerant species. The partial recovery of A in P. platyphylla and P. squarrosa after rehydration confirmed the desiccation tolerance of these two species. On the other hand, A did not recover after rehydration in V. dubyana. Regarding VT, each species exhibited a distinct VT profile under optimum hydration, with the highest VT pool found in the more desiccation-sensitive species (V. dubyana). However, the observed species-specific VT pattern could be associated with the ecological habitat of each species. P. squarrosa, a moss of dry habitats, may synthesize mainly non-volatile secondary metabolites as stress-defensive compounds. On the other hand, V. dubyana, commonly found submerged, may need to invest photosynthetically assimilated carbon to synthesize a higher amount of VTs to cope with transient water stress occurrence. Further research on the functions of VTs in bryophytes is needed to deepen our understanding of their ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Esteban
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/ EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/ EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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4
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Bertić M, Zimmer I, Andrés-Montaner D, Rosenkranz M, Kangasjärvi J, Schnitzler JP, Ghirardo A. Automatization of metabolite extraction for high-throughput metabolomics: case study on transgenic isoprene-emitting birch. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1855-1869. [PMID: 37418159 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics studies are becoming increasingly common for understanding how plant metabolism responds to changes in environmental conditions, genetic manipulations and treatments. Despite the recent advances in metabolomics workflow, the sample preparation process still limits the high-throughput analysis in large-scale studies. Here, we present a highly flexible robotic system that integrates liquid handling, sonication, centrifugation, solvent evaporation and sample transfer processed in 96-well plates to automatize the metabolite extraction from leaf samples. We transferred an established manual extraction protocol performed to a robotic system, and with this, we show the optimization steps required to improve reproducibility and obtain comparable results in terms of extraction efficiency and accuracy. We then tested the robotic system to analyze the metabolomes of wild-type and four transgenic silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) lines under unstressed conditions. Birch trees were engineered to overexpress the poplar (Populus × canescens) isoprene synthase and to emit various amounts of isoprene. By fitting the different isoprene emission capacities of the transgenic trees with their leaf metabolomes, we observed an isoprene-dependent upregulation of some flavonoids and other secondary metabolites as well as carbohydrates, amino acid and lipid metabolites. By contrast, the disaccharide sucrose was found to be strongly negatively correlated to isoprene emission. The presented study illustrates the power of integrating robotics to increase the sample throughput, reduce human errors and labor time, and to ensure a fully controlled, monitored and standardized sample preparation procedure. Due to its modular and flexible structure, the robotic system can be easily adapted to other extraction protocols for the analysis of various tissues or plant species to achieve high-throughput metabolomics in plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Bertić
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Ina Zimmer
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - David Andrés-Montaner
- Atmospheric Environmental Research, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
- Corteva Agriscience Spain S.L.U, Carreño, Spain
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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5
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Gao L, Kantar MB, Moxley D, Ortiz-Barrientos D, Rieseberg LH. Crop adaptation to climate change: An evolutionary perspective. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1518-1546. [PMID: 37515323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The disciplines of evolutionary biology and plant and animal breeding have been intertwined throughout their development, with responses to artificial selection yielding insights into the action of natural selection and evolutionary biology providing statistical and conceptual guidance for modern breeding. Here we offer an evolutionary perspective on a grand challenge of the 21st century: feeding humanity in the face of climate change. We first highlight promising strategies currently under way to adapt crops to current and future climate change. These include methods to match crop varieties with current and predicted environments and to optimize breeding goals, management practices, and crop microbiomes to enhance yield and sustainable production. We also describe the promise of crop wild relatives and recent technological innovations such as speed breeding, genomic selection, and genome editing for improving environmental resilience of existing crop varieties or for developing new crops. Next, we discuss how methods and theory from evolutionary biology can enhance these existing strategies and suggest novel approaches. We focus initially on methods for reconstructing the evolutionary history of crops and their pests and symbionts, because such historical information provides an overall framework for crop-improvement efforts. We then describe how evolutionary approaches can be used to detect and mitigate the accumulation of deleterious mutations in crop genomes, identify alleles and mutations that underlie adaptation (and maladaptation) to agricultural environments, mitigate evolutionary trade-offs, and improve critical proteins. Continuing feedback between the evolution and crop biology communities will ensure optimal design of strategies for adapting crops to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexuan Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michael B Kantar
- Department of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dylan Moxley
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos
- School of Biological Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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6
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Song Y, Peng C, Wu Q, Tao S, Mei T, Sun Z, Zuo Z, Pan C, Zhou Y, Zhou G. Age effects of Moso bamboo on leaf isoprene emission characteristics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132717. [PMID: 36959949 PMCID: PMC10028176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is a highly reactive volatile organic compound that significantly affects atmospheric oxidant capacity, regional air quality, and climate change. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), a species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in China, is a strong isoprene emitter with great potential for carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration is negatively correlated with culm age; however, the effect of this correlation on isoprene emissions remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the photosynthetic and isoprene emission characteristics of Moso bamboo at different culm ages. The results showed that the age effect on isoprene emission was different from that on photosynthesis; the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) was the highest in young, followed by mature, and then old bamboo, whereas the isoprene emission rate (Iso) was the highest in young, followed by old, and then mature bamboo. Moreover, the percentage of carbon loss as isoprene emission (C-loss) during photosynthesis of old bamboo was 35% higher than that of mature bamboo under standard conditions (leaf temperature: 30°C; light intensity: 1000 µmol m-2 s-1). Therefore, we strongly recommend considering the culm age when establishing an isoprene emission model of Moso bamboo. Additionally, because the Iso and C-loss of old bamboo were higher than those of mature bamboo, we suggest that attention should be paid to the management of bamboo age structure and timely felling of aged bamboo to reduce environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Chunju Peng
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinjiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guomo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Weraduwage SM, Sahu A, Kulke M, Vermaas JV, Sharkey TD. Characterization of promoter elements of isoprene-responsive genes and the ability of isoprene to bind START domain transcription factors. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e483. [PMID: 36742092 PMCID: PMC9889695 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene has recently been proposed to be a signaling molecule that can enhance tolerance of both biotic and abiotic stress. Not all plants make isoprene, but all plants tested to date respond to isoprene. We hypothesized that isoprene interacts with existing signaling pathways rather than requiring novel mechanisms for its effect on plants. We analyzed the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in promoters of isoprene-responsive genes and the corresponding transcription factors binding these promoter elements to obtain clues about the transcription factors and other proteins involved in isoprene signaling. Promoter regions of isoprene-responsive genes were characterized using the Arabidopsis cis-regulatory element database. CREs bind ARR1, Dof, DPBF, bHLH112, GATA factors, GT-1, MYB, and WRKY transcription factors, and light-responsive elements were overrepresented in promoters of isoprene-responsive genes; CBF-, HSF-, WUS-binding motifs were underrepresented. Transcription factors corresponding to CREs overrepresented in promoters of isoprene-responsive genes were mainly those important for stress responses: drought-, salt/osmotic-, oxidative-, herbivory/wounding and pathogen-stress. More than half of the isoprene-responsive genes contained at least one binding site for TFs of the class IV (homeodomain leucine zipper) HD-ZIP family, such as GL2, ATML1, PDF2, HDG11, ATHB17. While the HD-zipper-loop-zipper (ZLZ) domain binds to the L1 box of the promoter region, a special domain called the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer, or START domain, can bind ligands such as fatty acids (e.g., linolenic and linoleic acid). We tested whether isoprene might bind in such a START domain. Molecular simulations and modeling to test interactions between isoprene and a class IV HD-ZIP family START-domain-containing protein were carried out. Without membrane penetration by the HDG11 START domain, isoprene within the lipid bilayer was inaccessible to this domain, preventing protein interactions with membrane bound isoprene. The cross-talk between isoprene-mediated signaling and other growth regulator and stress signaling pathways, in terms of common CREs and transcription factors could enhance the stability of the isoprene emission trait when it evolves in a plant but so far it has not been possible to say what how isoprene is sensed to initiate signaling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathi M Weraduwage
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Abira Sahu
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Martin Kulke
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Josh V Vermaas
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Plant Resilience Institute Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
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8
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Pollastri S, Velikova V, Castaldini M, Fineschi S, Ghirardo A, Renaut J, Schnitzler JP, Sergeant K, Winkler JB, Zorzan S, Loreto F. Isoprene-Emitting Tobacco Plants Are Less Affected by Moderate Water Deficit under Future Climate Change Scenario and Show Adjustments of Stress-Related Proteins in Actual Climate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:333. [PMID: 36679046 PMCID: PMC9862500 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene-emitting plants are better protected against thermal and oxidative stresses, which is a desirable trait in a climate-changing (drier and warmer) world. Here we compared the ecophysiological performances of transgenic isoprene-emitting and wild-type non-emitting tobacco plants during water stress and after re-watering in actual environmental conditions (400 ppm of CO2 and 28 °C of average daily temperature) and in a future climate scenario (600 ppm of CO2 and 32 °C of average daily temperature). Furthermore, we intended to complement the present knowledge on the mechanisms involved in isoprene-induced resistance to water deficit stress by examining the proteome of transgenic isoprene-emitting and wild-type non-emitting tobacco plants during water stress and after re-watering in actual climate. Isoprene emitters maintained higher photosynthesis and electron transport rates under moderate stress in future climate conditions. However, physiological resistance to water stress in the isoprene-emitting plants was not as marked as expected in actual climate conditions, perhaps because the stress developed rapidly. In actual climate, isoprene emission capacity affected the tobacco proteomic profile, in particular by upregulating proteins associated with stress protection. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that isoprene biosynthesis is related to metabolic changes at the gene and protein levels involved in the activation of general stress defensive mechanisms of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maurizio Castaldini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Fineschi
- Institute of Heritage Science-CNR (ISPC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Renaut
- GreenTech Innovation Centre, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Scienceand Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- GreenTech Innovation Centre, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Scienceand Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Zorzan
- GreenTech Innovation Centre, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Scienceand Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Naples, Italy
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9
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Xu C, Wang B, Luo Q, Ma Y, Zheng T, Wang Y, Cai Y, Zuo Z. The uppermost monoterpenes improving Cinnamomum camphora thermotolerance by serving signaling functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1072931. [PMID: 36589079 PMCID: PMC9800025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1072931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes serve important functions in enhancing plant thermotolerance. Cinnamomum camphora mainly has eucalyptol (EuL), camphor (CmR), linalool (LnL) and borneol (BeL) chemotypes basing on the uppermost monoterpenes. To reveal the thermotolerance mechanisms of these uppermost monoterpenes (eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, and borneol) in C. camphora, we surveyed the ROS metabolism and photosynthesis in the 4 chemotypes fumigated with the corresponding uppermost monoterpene after fosmidomycin (Fos) inhibiting monoterpene synthesis under high temperature at 38°C (Fos+38°C+monoterpene), and investigated the related gene expression in EuL and CmR. Meanwhile, the thermotolerance differences among the 4 uppermost monoterpenes were analyzed. In contrast to normal temperature (28°C), ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in the 4 chemotypes increased under 38°C, and further increased in the treatment with Fos inhibiting monoterpene synthesis at 38°C (Fos+38°C), which may be caused by the alterations in expression of the genes related with non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant formation according to the analyses in EuL and CmR. Compared with Fos+38°C treatment, Fos+38°C+monoterpene treatments lowered ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities for the increased non-enzymatic antioxidant gene expression and decreased enzymatic antioxidant gene expression, respectively. High temperature at 38°C reduced the chlorophyll and carotenoid content as well as photosynthetic abilities, which may result from the declined expression of the genes associated with photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, light reaction, and carbon fixation. Fos+38°C treatment aggravated the reduction. In contrast to Fos+38°C treatment, Fos+38°C+monoterpene treatments increased photosynthetic pigment content and improved photosynthetic abilities by up-regulating related gene expression. Among the 4 uppermost monoterpenes, camphor showed strong abilities in lowering ROS and maintaining photosynthesis, while eucalyptol showed weak abilities. This was consistent with the recovery effects of the gene expression in the treatments with camphor and eucalyptol fumigation. Therefore, the uppermost monoterpenes can enhance C. camphora thermotolerance as signaling molecules, and may have differences in the signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiefeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Burgess AJ, Masclaux‐Daubresse C, Strittmatter G, Weber APM, Taylor SH, Harbinson J, Yin X, Long S, Paul MJ, Westhoff P, Loreto F, Ceriotti A, Saltenis VLR, Pribil M, Nacry P, Scharff LB, Jensen PE, Muller B, Cohan J, Foulkes J, Rogowsky P, Debaeke P, Meyer C, Nelissen H, Inzé D, Klein Lankhorst R, Parry MAJ, Murchie EH, Baekelandt A. Improving crop yield potential: Underlying biological processes and future prospects. Food Energy Secur 2022; 12:e435. [PMID: 37035025 PMCID: PMC10078444 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing world population and global increases in the standard of living both result in an increasing demand for food, feed and other plant-derived products. In the coming years, plant-based research will be among the major drivers ensuring food security and the expansion of the bio-based economy. Crop productivity is determined by several factors, including the available physical and agricultural resources, crop management, and the resource use efficiency, quality and intrinsic yield potential of the chosen crop. This review focuses on intrinsic yield potential, since understanding its determinants and their biological basis will allow to maximize the plant's potential in food and energy production. Yield potential is determined by a variety of complex traits that integrate strictly regulated processes and their underlying gene regulatory networks. Due to this inherent complexity, numerous potential targets have been identified that could be exploited to increase crop yield. These encompass diverse metabolic and physical processes at the cellular, organ and canopy level. We present an overview of some of the distinct biological processes considered to be crucial for yield determination that could further be exploited to improve future crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Burgess
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | | | - Günter Strittmatter
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Laboratory for Biophysics Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Long
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Plant Biology and Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | | | - Peter Westhoff
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy and University of Naples Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Aldo Ceriotti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council (CNR) Milan Italy
| | - Vandasue L. R. Saltenis
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Lars B. Scharff
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bertrand Muller
- Université de Montpellier ‐ LEPSE – INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | | | - John Foulkes
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | - Peter Rogowsky
- INRAE UMR Plant Reproduction and Development Lyon France
| | | | - Christian Meyer
- IJPB UMR1318 INRAE‐AgroParisTech‐Université Paris Saclay Versailles France
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
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11
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Zhang Z, Yuan L, Ma Y, Kang Z, Zhou F, Gao Y, Yang S, Li T, Hu X. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviates low-temperature damage by modulating the xanthophyll cycle and nutrient uptake in tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:83-93. [PMID: 36058015 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an antioxidant existing in plants, has been widely reported to participate in the process of coping with cold stress of plants. In this study, exogenous ALA promoted the growth of tomato plants and alleviated the appearance of purple tomato leaves under low-temperature stress. At the same time, exogenous ALA improved antioxidant enzyme activities, SlSOD gene expression, Fv/Fm, and proline contents and reduced H2O2 contents, SlRBOH gene expression, relative electrical conductivity, and malondialdehyde contents to alleviate the damage caused by low temperature to tomato seedlings. Compared with low-temperature stress, spraying exogenous ALA before low-temperature stress could restore the indicators of photochemical quenching, actual photochemical efficiency, electron transport rate, and nonphotochemical quenching to normal. Exogenous ALA could increase the total contents of the xanthophyll cycle pool, the positive de-epoxidation rate of the xanthophyll cycle and improved the expression levels of key genes in the xanthophyll cycle under low-temperature stress. In addition, we found that exogenous ALA significantly enhanced the absorption of mineral nutrients, promoted the transfer and distribution of mineral nutrients to the leaves, and improved the expression levels of mineral nutrient absorption-related genes, which were all conducive to the improved adaptation of tomato seedlings under low-temperature stress. In summary, the application of exogenous ALA can increase tomato seedlings' tolerance to low-temperature stress by improving the xanthophyll cycle and the ability of the absorption of mineral nutrients in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Luqiao Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yongbo Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shichun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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12
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Dani KGS, Pollastri S, Pinosio S, Reichelt M, Sharkey TD, Schnitzler J, Loreto F. Isoprene enhances leaf cytokinin metabolism and induces early senescence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:961-974. [PMID: 34716577 PMCID: PMC9300082 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene, a major biogenic volatile hydrocarbon of climate-relevance, indisputably mitigates abiotic stresses in emitting plants. However functional relevance of constitutive isoprene emission in unstressed plants remains contested. Isoprene and cytokinins (CKs) are synthesized from a common substrate and pathway in chloroplasts. It was postulated that isoprene emission may affect CK-metabolism. Using transgenic isoprene-emitting (IE) Arabidopsis and isoprene nonemitting (NE) RNA-interference grey poplars (paired with respective NE and IE genotypes), the life of individual IE and NE leaves from emergence to abscission was followed under stress-free conditions. We monitored plant growth rate, aboveground developmental phenotype, modelled leaf photosynthetic energy status, quantified the abundance of leaf CKs, analysed Arabidopsis and poplar leaf transcriptomes by RNA-sequencing in presence and absence of isoprene during leaf senescence. Isoprene emission by unstressed leaves enhanced the abundance of CKs (isopentenyl adenine and its precursor) by > 200%, significantly upregulated genes coding for CK-synthesis, CK-signalling and CK-degradation, hastened plant development, increased chloroplast metabolic rate, altered photosynthetic energy status, induced early leaf senescence in both Arabidopsis and poplar. IE leaves senesced sooner even in decapitated poplars where source-sink relationships and hormone homeostasis were perturbed. Constitutive isoprene emission significantly accelerates CK-led leaf and organismal development and induces early senescence independent of growth constraints. Isoprene emission provides an early-riser evolutionary advantage and shortens lifecycle duration to assist rapid diversification in unstressed emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidala Ganesha Srikanta Dani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council of ItalyVia Madonna del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food SciencesNational Research Council of ItalyPiazzale Aldo Moro 700185RomeItaly
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council of ItalyVia Madonna del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | - Sara Pinosio
- Institute of Biosciences and BioresourcesNational Research Council of ItalyVia Madonna del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
- Institute for Applied GenomicsVia Jacopo Linussio 5133100UdineItaly
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knöll Strasse 8D‐07745JenaGermany
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental SimulationInstitute of Biochemical Plant PathologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental Health85764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food SciencesNational Research Council of ItalyPiazzale Aldo Moro 700185RomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia80126NaplesItaly
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13
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Isoprene Emission Influences the Proteomic Profile of Arabidopsis Plants under Well-Watered and Drought-Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073836. [PMID: 35409196 PMCID: PMC8998555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprene is a small lipophilic molecule synthesized in plastids and abundantly released into the atmosphere. Isoprene-emitting plants are better protected against abiotic stresses, but the mechanism of action of isoprene is still under debate. In this study, we compared the physiological responses and proteomic profiles of Arabidopsis which express the isoprene synthase (ISPS) gene and emit isoprene with those of non-emitting plants under both drought-stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. We aimed to investigate whether isoprene-emitting plants displayed a different proteomic profile that is consistent with the metabolic changes already reported. Only ISPS DS plants were able to maintain the same photosynthesis and fresh weight of WW plants. LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis revealed changes in protein abundance that were dependent on the capacity for emitting isoprene in addition to those caused by the DS. The majority of the proteins changed in response to the interaction between DS and isoprene emission. These include proteins that are associated with the activation of secondary metabolisms leading to ABA, trehalose, and proline accumulations. Overall, our proteomic data suggest that isoprene exerts its protective mechanism at different levels: under drought stress, isoprene affects the abundance of chloroplast proteins, confirming a strong direct or indirect antioxidant action and also modulates signaling and hormone pathways, especially those controlling ABA synthesis. Unexpectedly, isoprene also alters membrane trafficking.
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14
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Tarvainen L, Wittemann M, Mujawamariya M, Manishimwe A, Zibera E, Ntirugulirwa B, Ract C, Manzi OJL, Andersson MX, Spetea C, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J. Handling the heat - photosynthetic thermal stress in tropical trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:236-250. [PMID: 34655491 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Warming climate increases the risk for harmful leaf temperatures in terrestrial plants, causing heat stress and loss of productivity. The heat sensitivity may be particularly high in equatorial tropical tree species adapted to a thermally stable climate. Thermal thresholds of the photosynthetic system of sun-exposed leaves were investigated in three tropical montane tree species native to Rwanda with different growth and water use strategies (Harungana montana, Syzygium guineense and Entandrophragma exselsum). Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf gas exchange, morphology, chemistry and temperature were made at three common gardens along an elevation/temperature gradient. Heat tolerance acclimated to maximum leaf temperature (Tleaf ) across the species. At the warmest sites, the thermal threshold for normal function of photosystem II was exceeded in the species with the highest Tleaf despite their higher heat tolerance. This was not the case in the species with the highest transpiration rates and lowest Tleaf . The results point to two differently effective strategies for managing thermal stress: tolerance through physiological adjustment of leaf osmolality and thylakoid membrane lipid composition, or avoidance through morphological adaptation and transpiratory cooling. More severe photosynthetic heat stress in low-transpiring montane climax species may result in a competitive disadvantage compared to high-transpiring pioneer species with more efficient leaf cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Aloysie Manishimwe
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Development Board, PO Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Claire Ract
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Olivier J L Manzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, University of Rwanda, Busogo, Rwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
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15
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Loreto F, D'Auria S. How do plants sense volatiles sent by other plants? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:29-38. [PMID: 34544607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants communicate via the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with many animals as well as other plants. We still know little about how VOCs are perceived by receiving (eavesdropping) plants. Here we propose a multiple system of VOC perception, where stress-induced VOCs dock on odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) like in animals and are transported to as-yet-unknown receptors mediating downstream metabolic and/or behavioral changes. Constitutive VOCs that are broadly and lifelong emitted by plants do not bind OBPs but may directly change the metabolism of eavesdropping plants. Deciphering how plants listen to their talking neighbors could empower VOCs as a tool for bioinspired strategies of plant defense when challenged by abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Sabato D'Auria
- Department of Biology, Agriculture, and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-DISBA), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy; Institute for Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy.
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16
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Physiological response and secondary metabolites of three lavender genotypes under water deficit. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19164. [PMID: 34580379 PMCID: PMC8476503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lavandula genus is a considerable medicinal plant in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Considering increasing threat of drought in the world, it is important to identify genotypes which can tolerate drought. It is also important to characterize quantity and quality of essential oils, and tolerance indicators of these genotypes against drought stress. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran, during 2017 and 2018, to investigate these factors. It was a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with two treatments, three genotypes (Lavandula angustifolia cv. Hidcote, Lavandula angustifolia cv. Munstead, and Lavandula stricta), and four levels of drought stress (irrigation regimes) (I1: 100–90% (control), I2: 80–70%, I3: 60–50% and I4: 30–40% of field capacity) which was done with three repetitions. Drought increased amount of proline in leaves, antioxidant activity, activity of catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide enzymes, malondialdehyde content, total flavonoids, total phenol, total sugar and essential oil percentage. The PCA analysis of different irrigation regimes showed that in the first component, the best traits are antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, APX, while in the second component, only the trait Catalase is the best trait. The results of PCA analysis in lavender genotypes showed that L. stricta exhibits the most affected physiological changes while trying to adjust to changes in the water status of the environment, under the imposed conditions and shows the highest resistance. But it reduced dry weight of aerial parts, relative water content of leaves, and efficacy of essential oil. Lavandula stricta genotype had the highest amount of essential oil, but the highest dry weight of the aerial parts and essential oil yield were related to L. angustifolia cv. Hidcote and L. angustifolia cv. Munstead genotypes. In all evaluated genotypes, with increasing drought stress, monoterpene compounds were decreased and sesquiterpene compounds were increased. Totally it was shown that drought effect on evaluated traits depends on genotype and nature of traits; this indicates that by choosing drought-tolerant genotypes in breeding programs, high quantity and quality of essential oil, as well as tolerance to drought stress can be achieved.
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17
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Giordano D, Facchiano A, D'Auria S, Loreto F. A hypothesis on the capacity of plant odorant-binding proteins to bind volatile isoprenoids based on in silico evidences. eLife 2021; 10:e66741. [PMID: 34161230 PMCID: PMC8221805 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 'emitting' plants inform the 'receiving' (listening) plants of impending stresses or simply of their presence. However, the receptors that allow receivers to detect the volatile cue are elusive. Most likely, plants (as animals) have odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), and in fact, a few OBPs are known to bind 'stress-induced' plant VOCs. We investigated whether these and other putative OBPs may bind volatile constitutive and stress-induced isoprenoids, the most emitted plant VOCs, with well-established roles in plant communication and defense. Molecular docking simulation experiments suggest that structural features of a few plant proteins screened in databases could allow VOC binding. In particular, our results show that monoterpenes may bind the same plant proteins that were described to bind other stress-induced VOCs, while the constitutive hemiterpene isoprene is unlikely to bind any investigated putative OBP and may not have an info-chemical role. We conclude that, as for animal, there may be plant OBPs that bind multiple VOCs. Plant OBPs may play an important role in allowing plants to eavesdrop messages by neighboring plants, triggering defensive responses and communication with other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabato D'Auria
- Institute of Food Science, CNRAvellinoItaly
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNRRomeItaly
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNRFlorenceItaly
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Antioxidant Defenses in Plants: A Dated Topic of Current Interest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060855. [PMID: 34071788 PMCID: PMC8228735 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Isoprene: An Antioxidant Itself or a Molecule with Multiple Regulatory Functions in Plants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050684. [PMID: 33925614 PMCID: PMC8146742 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene (C5H8) is a small lipophilic, volatile organic compound (VOC), synthesized in chloroplasts of plants through the photosynthesis-dependent 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Isoprene-emitting plants are better protected against thermal and oxidative stresses but only about 20% of the terrestrial plants are able to synthesize isoprene. Many studies have been performed to understand the still elusive isoprene protective mechanism. Isoprene reacts with, and quenches, many harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) like singlet oxygen (1O2). A role for isoprene as antioxidant, made possible by its reduced state and conjugated double bonds, has been often suggested, and sometimes demonstrated. However, as isoprene is present at very low concentrations compared to other molecules, its antioxidant role is still controversial. Here we review updated evidences on the function(s) of isoprene, and outline contrasting indications on whether isoprene is an antioxidant directly scavenging ROS, or a membrane strengthener, or a modulator of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiles (perhaps as a secondary effect of ROS removal) eventually leading to priming of antioxidant plant defenses, or a signal of stress for neighbor plants alike other VOCs, or a hormone-like molecule, controlling the metabolic flux of other hormones made by the MEP pathway, or acting itself as a growth and development hormone.
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Paoletti E, Hoshika Y, Arab L, Martini S, Cotrozzi L, Weber D, Ache P, Neri L, Baraldi R, Pellegrini E, Müller HM, Hedrich R, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H. Date palm responses to a chronic, realistic ozone exposure in a FACE experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110868. [PMID: 33581095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Date palms are highly economically important species in hot arid regions, which may suffer ozone (O3) pollution equivalently to heat and water stress. However, little is known about date palm sensitivity to O3. Therefore, to identify their resistance mechanisms against elevated O3, physiological parameters (leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf pigments) and biomass growth responses to realistic O3 exposure were tested in an isoprene-emitting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Nabut Saif) by a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) facility with three levels of O3 (ambient [AA, 45 ppb as 24-h average], 1.5 x AA and 2 x AA). We found a reduction of photosynthesis only at 2 x AA although some foliar traits known as early indicators of O3 stress responded already at 1.5 x AA, such as increased dark respiration, reduced leaf pigment content, reduced maximum quantum yield of PSII, inactivation of the oxygen evolving complex of PSII and reduced performance index PITOT. As a result, O3 did not affect most of the growth parameters although significant declines of root biomass occurred only at 2 x AA. The major mechanism in date palm for reducing the severity of O3 impacts was a restriction of stomatal O3 uptake due to low stomatal conductance and O3-induced stomatal closure. In addition, an increased respiration in elevated O3 may indicate an enhanced capacity of catabolizing metabolites for detoxification and repair. Interestingly, date palm produced low amounts of monoterpenes, whose emission was stimulated in 2 x AA, although isoprene emission declined at both 1.5 and 2 x AA. Our results warrant more research on a biological significance of terpenoids in plant resistance against O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paoletti
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy.
| | - Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sofia Martini
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel Weber
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Phytoprove Pflanzenanalytik, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Neri
- IBE-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- IBE-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Heike M Müller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany; King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
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21
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Li M, Xu J, Lyu F, Khomenko I, Biasioli F, Villani M, Baldan B, Varotto C. Evolution of isoprene emission in Arecaceae (palms). Evol Appl 2021; 14:902-914. [PMID: 33897811 PMCID: PMC8061277 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprene synthase (IspS) is the sole enzyme in plants responsible for the yearly emission in the atmosphere of thousands of tonnes of the natural hydrocarbon isoprene worldwide. Species of the monocotyledonous family Arecaceae (palms) are among the highest plant emitters, but to date no IspS gene from this family has been identified. Here, we screened with PTR-ToF-MS 18 genera of the Arecaceae for isoprene emission and found that the majority of the sampled species emits isoprene. Putative IspS genes from six different genera were sequenced and three of them were functionally characterized by heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana, demonstrating that they encode functional IspS genes. Site-directed mutagenesis and expression in Arabidopsis demonstrated the functional relevance of a novel IspS diagnostic tetrad from Arecaceae, whose most variable amino acids could not preserve catalytic function when substituted by a putatively dicotyledonous-specific tetrad. In particular, mutation of threonine 479 likely impairs the open-closed transition of the enzyme by altering the network of hydrogen bonds between helices H1α, H, and I. These results shed new light on the evolution of IspS in monocots, suggesting that isoprene emission is an ancestral trait within the Arecaceae family. The identification of IspS from Arecaceae provides promising novel enzymes for the production of isoprene in heterologous systems and allows the screening and selection of commercially relevant palm varieties with lower environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Fuling Lyu
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North ChinaChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | | | - Barbara Baldan
- Botanical Garden of PadovaUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
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22
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Bertamini M, Faralli M, Varotto C, Grando MS, Cappellin L. Leaf Monoterpene Emission Limits Photosynthetic Downregulation under Heat Stress in Field-Grown Grapevine. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010181. [PMID: 33478116 PMCID: PMC7835969 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rising temperature is among the most remarkably stressful phenomena induced by global climate changes with negative impacts on crop productivity and quality. It has been previously shown that volatiles belonging to the isoprenoid family can confer protection against abiotic stresses. In this work, two Vitis vinifera cv. 'Chardonnay' clones (SMA130 and INRA809) differing due to a mutation (S272P) of the DXS gene encoding for 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (the first dedicated enzyme of the 2C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway) and involved in the regulation of isoprenoids biosynthesis were investigated in field trials and laboratory experiments. Leaf monoterpene emission, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas-exchange measurements were assessed over three seasons at different phenological stages and either carried out in in vivo or controlled conditions under contrasting temperatures. A significant (p < 0.001) increase in leaf monoterpene emission was observed in INRA809 when plants were experiencing high temperatures and over two experiments, while no differences were recorded for SMA130. Significant variation was observed for the rate of leaf CO2 assimilation under heat stress, with INRA809 maintaining higher photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance values than SMA130 (p = 0.003) when leaf temperature increased above 30 °C. At the same time, the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) was affected by heat stress in the non-emitting clone (SMA130), while the INRA809 showed a significant resilience of PSII under elevated temperature conditions. Consistent data were recorded between field seasons and temperature treatments in controlled environment conditions, suggesting a strong influence of monoterpene emission on heat tolerance under high temperatures. This work provides further insights on the photoprotective role of isoprenoids in heat-stressed Vitis vinifera, and additional studies should focus on unraveling the mechanisms underlying heat tolerance on the monoterpene-emitter grapevine clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bertamini
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via. E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.V.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Michele Faralli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.V.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.V.); (L.C.)
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via. E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.V.); (L.C.)
| | - Luca Cappellin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.V.); (L.C.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Hoshika Y, Brilli F, Baraldi R, Fares S, Carrari E, Zhang L, Badea O, Paoletti E. Ozone impairs the response of isoprene emission to foliar nitrogen and phosphorus in poplar. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115679. [PMID: 33254661 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) impairs physiological processes of plants while nitrogen (N) deposition may cause imbalances in soil N and other nutrients such as phosphorus (P) suggesting an increase of P demand for plants. However, the combined effect of O3, soil N and P on isoprene emission from leaves has never been tested. We therefore examined isoprene emission in leaves of Oxford poplar clone exposed to O3 (ambient, AA [35.0 nmol mol-1 as daily mean]; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA), soil N (0 and 80 kg N ha-1) and soil P (0, 40 and 80 kg P ha-1) in July and September in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) facility. We also investigated the response of isoprene emission to foliar N, P and abscisic acid (ABA) contents in September because the 2-C-methylerythritol-5-phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis produces ABA. We found that O3 increased isoprene emission in July, which was associated to increased dark respiration, suggesting an activation of metabolism against O3 stress as an initial response. However, O3 decreased isoprene emission in September which was associated to reduced net photosynthesis. In September, isoprene emission was positively correlated with leaf N content and negatively correlated with leaf P content in AA. However, no response of isoprene emission to foliar N and P was found in elevated O3, suggesting that the isoprene responses to foliar N and P depended on the O3 exposure levels. Isoprene emission rate in 1.5 × AA and 2.0 × AA increased with increasing leaf ABA content, indicating accelerated senescence of injured leaves to favor new leaf growth when high O3 and nutritional availability in the soil were combined. Even though foliar N and P usually act as a proxy for isoprene emission rate, the impact of recent abiotic factors such as O3 should be always considered for modeling isoprene emission under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Fares
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- INCDS, 13 Septembrie, Sector 5, 050711, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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24
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Perreca E, Rohwer J, González-Cabanelas D, Loreto F, Schmidt A, Gershenzon J, Wright LP. Effect of Drought on the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate (MEP) Pathway in the Isoprene Emitting Conifer Picea glauca. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:546295. [PMID: 33163010 PMCID: PMC7581940 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.546295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis produces chlorophyll side chains and compounds that function in resistance to abiotic stresses, including carotenoids, and isoprene. Thus we investigated the effects of moderate and severe drought on MEP pathway function in the conifer Picea glauca, a boreal species at risk under global warming trends. Although moderate drought treatment reduced the photosynthetic rate by over 70%, metabolic flux through the MEP pathway was reduced by only 37%. The activity of the putative rate-limiting step, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), was also reduced by about 50%, supporting the key role of this enzyme in regulating pathway metabolic flux. However, under severe drought, as flux declined below detectable levels, DXS activity showed no significant decrease, indicating a much-reduced role in controlling flux under these conditions. Both MEP pathway intermediates and the MEP pathway product isoprene incorporate administered 13CO2 to high levels (75-85%) under well-watered control conditions indicating a close connection to photosynthesis. However, this incorporation declined precipitously under drought, demonstrating exploitation of alternative carbon sources. Despite the reductions in MEP pathway flux and intermediate pools, there was no detectable decline in most major MEP pathway products under drought (except for violaxanthin under moderate and severe stress and isoprene under severe stress) suggesting that the pathway is somehow buffered against this stress. The resilience of the MEP pathway under drought may be a consequence of the importance of the metabolites formed under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Perreca
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Johann Rohwer
- Laboratory for Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Francesco Loreto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Roma, Italy
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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25
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Rodrigues TB, Baker CR, Walker AP, McDowell N, Rogers A, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ, Jardine KJ. Stimulation of isoprene emissions and electron transport rates as key mechanisms of thermal tolerance in the tropical species Vismia guianensis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5928-5941. [PMID: 32525272 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests absorb large amounts of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis, but high surface temperatures suppress this absorption while promoting isoprene emissions. While mechanistic isoprene emission models predict a tight coupling to photosynthetic electron transport (ETR) as a function of temperature, direct field observations of this phenomenon are lacking in the tropics and are necessary to assess the impact of a warming climate on global isoprene emissions. Here we demonstrate that in the early successional species Vismia guianensis in the central Amazon, ETR rates increased with temperature in concert with isoprene emissions, even as stomatal conductance (gs ) and net photosynthetic carbon fixation (Pn ) declined. We observed the highest temperatures of continually increasing isoprene emissions yet reported (50°C). While Pn showed an optimum value of 32.6 ± 0.4°C, isoprene emissions, ETR, and the oxidation state of PSII reaction centers (qL ) increased with leaf temperature with strong linear correlations for ETR (ƿ = 0.98) and qL (ƿ = 0.99) with leaf isoprene emissions. In contrast, other photoprotective mechanisms, such as non-photochemical quenching, were not activated at elevated temperatures. Inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis repressed Pn at high temperatures through a mechanism that was independent of stomatal closure. While extreme warming will decrease gs and Pn in tropical species, our observations support a thermal tolerance mechanism where the maintenance of high photosynthetic capacity under extreme warming is assisted by the simultaneous stimulation of ETR and metabolic pathways that consume the direct products of ETR including photorespiration and the biosynthesis of thermoprotective isoprenoids. Our results confirm that models which link isoprene emissions to the rate of ETR hold true in tropical species and provide necessary "ground-truthing" for simulations of the large predicted increases in tropical isoprene emissions with climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayana B Rodrigues
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Christopher R Baker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Nate McDowell
- Earth System Analysis and Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kolby J Jardine
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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26
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Cocozza C, Brilli F, Pignattelli S, Pollastri S, Brunetti C, Gonnelli C, Tognetti R, Centritto M, Loreto F. The excess of phosphorus in soil reduces physiological performances over time but enhances prompt recovery of salt-stressed Arundo donax plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:556-565. [PMID: 32315911 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Arundo donax L. is an invasive grass species with high tolerance to a wide range of environmental stresses. The response of potted A. donax plants to soil stress characterized by prolonged exposure (43 days) to salinity (+Na), to high concentration of phosphorus (+P), and to the combination of high Na and P (+NaP) followed by 14 days of recovery under optimal nutrient solution, was investigated along the entire time-course of the experiment. After an exposure of 43 days, salinity induced a progressive decline in stomatal conductance that hampered A. donax growth through diffusional limitations to photosynthesis and, when combined with high P, reduced the electron transport rate. Isoprene emission from A. donax leaves was stimulated as Na+ concentration raised in leaves. Prolonged growth in P-enriched substrate did not significantly affect A. donax performance, but decreased isoprene emission from leaves. Prolonged exposure of A. donax to + NaP increased the leaf level of H2O2, stimulated the production of carbohydrates, phenylpropanoids, zeaxanthin and increased the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophylls. This might have resulted in a higher stress tolerance that allowed a fast and full recovery following stress relief. Moreover, the high amount of ABA-glucose ester accumulated in leaves of A. donax exposed to + NaP might have favored stomata re-opening further sustaining the observed prompt recovery of photosynthesis. Therefore, prolonged exposure to high P exacerbated the negative effects of salt stress in A. donax plants photosynthetic performances, but enhanced activation of physiological mechanisms that allowed a prompt and full recovery after stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cocozza
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Via San Bonaventura 13, Florence, Italy.
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP - CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Sara Pignattelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP - CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP - CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP - CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP - CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture, and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (DISBA - CNR), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, Roma, Italy
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27
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Velikova V, Arena C, Izzo LG, Tsonev T, Koleva D, Tattini M, Roeva O, De Maio A, Loreto F. Functional and Structural Leaf Plasticity Determine Photosynthetic Performances during Drought Stress and Recovery in Two Platanus orientalis Populations from Contrasting Habitats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3912. [PMID: 32486179 PMCID: PMC7312932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of climatic change, more severe and long-lasting droughts will modify the fitness of plants, with potentially worse consequences on the relict trees. We have investigated the leaf phenotypic (anatomical, physiological and biochemical) plasticity in well-watered, drought-stressed and re-watered plants of two populations of Platanus orientalis, an endangered species in the west of the Mediterranean area. The two populations originated in contrasting climate (drier and warmer, Italy (IT) population; more humid and colder, Bulgaria (BG) population). The IT control plants had thicker leaves, enabling them to maintain higher leaf water content in the dry environment, and more spongy parenchyma, which could improve water conductivity of these plants and may result in easier CO2 diffusion than in BG plants. Control BG plants were also characterized by higher photorespiration and leaf antioxidants compared to IT plants. BG plants responded to drought with greater leaf thickness shrinkage. Drought also caused substantial reduction in photosynthetic parameters of both IT and BG plants. After re-watering, photosynthesis did not fully recover in either of the two populations. However, IT leaves became thicker, while photorespiration in BG plants further increased, perhaps indicating sustained activation of defensive mechanisms. Overall, our hypothesis, that plants with a fragmented habitat (i.e., the IT population) lose phenotypic plasticity but acquire traits allowing better resistance to the climate where they became adapted, remains confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Luigi Gennaro Izzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Tsonko Tsonev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (O.R.)
| | | | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
| | - Olympia Roeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (O.R.)
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
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Xu Y, Shang B, Feng Z, Tarvainen L. Effect of elevated ozone, nitrogen availability and mesophyll conductance on the temperature responses of leaf photosynthetic parameters in poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:484-497. [PMID: 32031641 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although ozone (O3) concentration and nitrogen (N) availability are well known to affect plant physiology, their impacts on the photosynthetic temperature response are poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by exposing seedlings of hybrid poplar clone '107' (Populous euramericana cv. '74/76') to elevated O3 (E-O3) and N availability variation in a factorial experiment. E-O3 decreased light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), mesophyll conductance (gm) and apparent maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax, based on intercellular CO2 concentration) but not actual Vcmax (based on chloroplast CO2 concentration) and increased respiration in light (Rd) at 25 °C. Nitrogen fertilization increased Asat, gm, Vcmax and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) and reduced Rd at 25 °C and the activation energy of actual Vcmax. No E-O3 or E-O3 x N interaction effects on the temperature response parameters were detected, simplifying the inclusion of O3 impacts on photosynthesis in vegetation models. gm peaked at 30 °C, apparent Vcmax and Jmax at 32-33 °C, while the optimum temperatures of actual Vcmax and Jmax exceeded the measured temperature range (15-35 °C). Ignoring gm would, thus, have resulted in mistakenly attributing the decrease in Asat at high temperatures to reduced biochemical capacity rather than to greater diffusion limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gionfriddo M, De Gara L, Loreto F. Directed Evolution of Plant Processes: Towards a Green (r)Evolution? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:999-1007. [PMID: 31604600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Directed evolution (DE) is a powerful approach for generating proteins with new chemical and physical properties. It mimics the principles of Darwinian evolution by imposing selective pressure on a large population of molecules harboring random genetic variation in DNA, such that sequences with specific desirable properties are generated and selected. We propose that combining DE and genome-editing (DE-GE) technologies represents a powerful tool to discover and integrate new traits into plants for agronomic and biotechnological gain. DE-GE has the potential to deliver a new green (r)evolution research platform that can provide novel solutions to major trait delivery aspirations for sustainable agriculture, climate-resilient crops, and improved food security and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gionfriddo
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, Agriculture, and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-DISBA), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture, and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-DISBA), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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