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Liu X, Yu K, Liu H, Phillips RP, He P, Liang X, Tang W, Terrer C, Novick KA, Bakpa EP, Zhao M, Gao X, Jin Y, Wen Y, Ye Q. Contrasting drought tolerance traits of woody plants is associated with mycorrhizal types at the global scale. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39238117 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that the mycorrhizal type of plants correlates with different modes of nutrient cycling and availability. However, the differences in drought tolerance between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) plants remains poorly characterized. We synthesized a global dataset of four hydraulic traits associated with drought tolerance of 1457 woody species (1139 AM and 318 EcM species) at 308 field sites. We compared these traits between AM and EcM species, with evolutionary history (i.e. angiosperms vs gymnosperms), water availability (i.e. aridity index) and biomes considered as additional factors. Overall, we found that evolutionary history and biogeography influenced differences in hydraulic traits between mycorrhizal types. Specifically, we found that (1) AM angiosperms are less drought-tolerant than EcM angiosperms in wet regions or biomes, but AM gymnosperms are more drought-tolerant than EcM gymnosperms in dry regions or biomes, and (2) in both angiosperms and gymnosperms, variation in hydraulic traits as well as their sensitivity to water availability were higher in AM species than in EcM species. Our results suggest that global shifts in water availability (especially drought) may alter the biogeographic distribution and abundance of AM and EcM plants, with consequences for ecosystem element cycling and ultimately, the land carbon sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Tashi Road 519, Dazhou, 635000, China
| | - Kailiang Yu
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Richard P Phillips
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Pengcheng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xingyun Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Weize Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - César Terrer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kimberly A Novick
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Emily P Bakpa
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Ecosystem Carbon Sink, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, 332900, China
| | - Yin Wen
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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Sui L, Zhu H, Wang D, Zhang Z, Bidochka MJ, Barelli L, Lu Y, Li Q. Tripartite interactions of an endophytic entomopathogenic fungus, Asian corn borer, and host maize under elevated carbon dioxide. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4575-4584. [PMID: 38738508 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological control of insect pests is encountering an unprecedented challenge in agricultural systems due to the ongoing rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) level. The use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) in these systems is gaining increased attention, and EPF as crop endophytes hold the potential for combining insect pest control and yield enhancement of crops, but the effects of increased CO2 concentration on this interaction are poorly understood. Here, the introduction of endophytic EPF was explored as an alternative sustainable management strategy benefiting crops under elevated CO2, using maize (Zea mays), Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), and EPF (Beauveria bassiana) to test changes in damage to maize plants from O. furnacalis, and the nutritional status (content of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), biomass, and yield of maize. RESULTS The results showed that endophytic B. bassiana could alleviate the damage caused by O. furnacalis larvae for maize plants under ambient CO2 concentration, and this effect was enhanced under higher CO2 concentration. Inoculation with B. bassiana effectively counteracted the adverse impact of elevated CO2 on maize plants by preserving the nitrogen content at its baseline level (comparable with ambient CO2 conditions without B. bassiana). Both simultaneous effects could explain the improvement of biomass and yield of maize under B. bassiana inoculation and elevated CO2. CONCLUSION This finding provides key information about the multifaceted benefits of B. bassiana as a maize endophyte. Our results highlight the promising potential of incorporating EPF as endophytes into integrated pest management strategies, particularly under elevated CO2 concentrations. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin, China
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Deli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengkun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin, China
| | - Michael J Bidochka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Larissa Barelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin, China
| | - Qiyun Li
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
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Wanroon R, Leksungnoen N, Kaewgrajang T. The use of Pisolithus albus found in saline areas to improve the growth of Eucalyptus seedlings under high salinity conditions. Mycologia 2024; 116:629-641. [PMID: 38959131 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2360607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Salinity is an abiotic factor limiting plant fitness and therefore forest crop productivity, and salt-affected areas have been expanding throughout the world. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can improve the salt tolerance of woody plants, including Eucalyptus species To screen for salt-resistant Pisolithus albus (PA) isolates, 16 PA isolates were cultivated on modified Melin-Norkrans agar containing NaCl at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 dS m-1. The P. albus isolate PA33 had the greatest salt resistance under 10 and 20 dS m-1 NaCl, which are soil salinity levels in salt-affected areas of Thailand. We studied the effect of PA33 on Eucalyptus camaldulensis × E. pellita cuttings under salt stress (0 and 16 dS m-1) for 1 month. PA enhanced the growth of the Eucalyptus seedlings, as indicated by higher relative growth rates in height and root collar diameter of inoculated seedlings compared with non-inoculated seedlings. Moreover, the inoculated seedlings had less cell damage from NaCl, as indicated by significantly lesser leaf thickness and electrolyte leakage than the controls. These findings could lead to practices conferring socioeconomic and environmental benefits, as abandoned salt-affected areas could be reclaimed using such Eucalyptus seedlings inoculated with salt-tolerant ECM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattima Wanroon
- Royal Forest Department, 61 Phahonyothin Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nisa Leksungnoen
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Phahonyothin Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Tharnrat Kaewgrajang
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Phahonyothin Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Wong WS, Ruscalleda-Alvarez J, Yong JWH, Stevens JC, Valliere JM, Veneklaas EJ. Limited efficacy of a commercial microbial inoculant for improving growth and physiological performance of native plant species. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae037. [PMID: 38894755 PMCID: PMC11184453 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Soil microbial inoculants are increasingly being explored as means to improve soil conditions to facilitate ecological restoration. In southwestern Western Australia, highly biodiverse Banksia woodland plant communities are increasingly threatened by various factors including climate change, land development and mining. Banksia woodland restoration is necessary to conserve this plant community. The use of microbial inoculation in Banksia woodland restoration has not yet been investigated. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a commercial microbial inoculant (GOGO Juice, Neutrog Australia Pty Ltd) for improving the performance of 10 ecologically diverse Banksia woodland plant species in a pot experiment. Plants were subjected to one of two watering regimes (well-watered and drought) in combination with microbial inoculation treatments (non-inoculated and inoculated). Plants were maintained under these two watering treatments for 10 weeks, at which point plants in all treatments were subjected to a final drought period lasting 8 weeks. Plant performance was evaluated by plant biomass and allocation, gas exchange parameters, foliar carbon and nitrogen and stable isotope (δ15N and δ13C) compositions. Plant xylem sap phytohormones were analysed to investigate the effect of microbial inoculation on plant phytohormone profiles and potential relationships with other observed physiological parameters. Across all investigated plant species, inoculation treatments had small effects on plant growth. Further analysis within each species revealed that inoculation treatments did not result in significant biomass gain under well-watered or drought-stressed conditions, and effects on nitrogen nutrition and photosynthesis were variable and minimal. This suggests that the selected commercial microbial inoculant had limited benefits for the tested plant species. Further investigations on the compatibility between the microorganisms (present in the inoculant) and plants, timing of inoculation, viability of the microorganisms and concentration(s) required to achieve effectiveness, under controlled conditions, and field trials are required to test the feasibility and efficacy in actual restoration environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei San Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Jaume Ruscalleda-Alvarez
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Jean W H Yong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Jason C Stevens
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park Science, 1 Kattidj Close, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Justin M Valliere
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Sharma N, Tapwal A. Mycorrhizal symbiosis in Taxus: a review. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:173-180. [PMID: 38643436 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Taxus, a genus of conifers known for its medicinal significance, faces various conservation challenges with several species classified under different threat categories by the IUCN. The overharvesting of bark and leaves for the well-known chemotherapy drug paclitaxel has resulted in its population decline. Exploring the mycorrhizal relationship in Taxus is of utmost importance, as mycorrhizal fungi play pivotal roles in nutrition, growth, and ecological resilience. Taxus predominantly associates with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM), and reports suggest ectomycorrhizal (EM) or dual mycorrhizal associations as well. This review consolidates existing literature on mycorrhizal associations in Taxus species, focusing on structural, physiological, and molecular aspects. AM associations are well-documented in Taxus, influencing plant physiology and propagation. Conversely, EM associations remain relatively understudied, with limited evidence suggesting their occurrence. The review highlights the importance of further research to elucidate dual mycorrhizal associations in Taxus, emphasizing the need for detailed structural and physiological examinations to understand their impact on growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- ICFRE-Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, 171013, India.
| | - Ashwani Tapwal
- ICFRE-Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, 171013, India
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Michaud TJ, Cline LC, Hobbie EA, Gutknecht JLM, Kennedy PG. Herbarium specimens reveal that mycorrhizal type does not mediate declining temperate tree nitrogen status over a century of environmental change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1717-1724. [PMID: 38073143 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2) and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition have contrasting effects on ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses, potentially mediating forest responses to environmental change. In this study, we evaluated the cumulative effects of historical environmental change on N concentrations and δ15N values in AM plants, EM plants, EM fungi, and saprotrophic fungi using herbarium specimens collected in Minnesota, USA from 1871 to 2016. To better understand mycorrhizal mediation of foliar δ15N, we also analyzed a subset of previously published foliar δ15N values from across the United States to parse the effects of N deposition and CO2 rise. Over the last century in Minnesota, N concentrations declined among all groups except saprotrophic fungi. δ15N also declined among all groups of plants and fungi; however, foliar δ15N declined less in EM plants than in AM plants. In the analysis of previously published foliar δ15N values, this slope difference between EM and AM plants was better explained by nitrogen deposition than by CO2 rise. Mycorrhizal type did not explain trajectories of plant N concentrations. Instead, plants and EM fungi exhibited similar declines in N concentrations, consistent with declining forest N status despite moderate levels of N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia J Michaud
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Jessica L M Gutknecht
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Singavarapu B, Ul Haq H, Darnstaedt F, Nawaz A, Beugnon R, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N, Du J, Xue K, Wang Y, Bruelheide H, Wubet T. Influence of tree mycorrhizal type, tree species identity, and diversity on forest root-associated mycobiomes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1691-1703. [PMID: 38659111 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complex interactions between trees and fungi is crucial for forest ecosystem management, yet the influence of tree mycorrhizal types, species identity, and diversity on tree-tree interactions and their root-associated fungal communities remains poorly understood. Our study addresses this gap by investigating root-associated fungal communities of different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree species pairs (TSPs) in a subtropical tree diversity experiment, spanning monospecific, two-species, and multi-species mixtures, utilizing Illumina sequencing of the ITS2 region. The study reveals that tree mycorrhizal type significantly impacts the alpha diversity of root-associated fungi in monospecific stands. Meanwhile, tree species identity's influence is modulated by overall tree diversity. Tree-related variables and spatial distance emerged as major drivers of variations in fungal community composition. Notably, in multi-species mixtures, compositional differences between root fungal communities of AM and EcM trees diminish, indicating a convergence of fungal communities irrespective of mycorrhizal type. Interestingly, dual mycorrhizal fungal communities were observed in these multi-species mixtures. This research underscores the pivotal role of mycorrhizal partnerships and the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping root fungal communities, particularly in varied tree diversity settings, and its implications for effective forest management and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Singavarapu
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hafeez Ul Haq
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedrich Darnstaedt
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Digital Health Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Siegen, Am Eichenhang 50, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Rémy Beugnon
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919, route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Universität Leipzig, Stephanstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jianqing Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Kai Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Golan J, Wang YW, Adams CA, Cross H, Elmore H, Gardes M, Gonçalves SC, Hess J, Richard F, Wolfe B, Pringle A. Death caps (Amanita phalloides) frequently establish from sexual spores, but individuals can grow large and live for more than a decade in invaded forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1753-1770. [PMID: 38146206 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Global change is reshaping Earth's biodiversity, but the changing distributions of nonpathogenic fungi remain largely undocumented, as do mechanisms enabling invasions. The ectomycorrhizal Amanita phalloides is native to Europe and invasive in North America. Using population genetics and genomics, we sought to describe the life history traits of this successfully invading symbiotic fungus. To test whether death caps spread underground using hyphae, or aboveground using sexual spores, we mapped and genotyped mushrooms from European and US sites. Larger genetic individuals (genets) would suggest spread mediated by vegetative growth, while many small genets would suggest dispersal mediated by spores. To test whether genets are ephemeral or persistent, we also sampled from populations over time. At nearly every site and across all time points, mushrooms resolve into small genets. Individuals frequently establish from sexual spores. But at one Californian site, a single individual measuring nearly 10 m across dominated. At two Californian sites, the same genetic individuals were discovered in 2004, 2014, and 2015, suggesting single individuals (both large and small) can reproduce repeatedly over relatively long timescales. A flexible life history strategy combining both mycelial growth and spore dispersal appears to underpin the invasion of this deadly perennial ectomycorrhizal fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Golan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yen-Wen Wang
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Catharine A Adams
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hugh Cross
- National Ecological Observatory Network-Battelle, 1685 38th, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Holly Elmore
- Rethink Priorities, 530 Divisadero St. PMB #796, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Monique Gardes
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174 UPS-CNRS-IRD, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex, F-31062, France
| | - Susana C Gonçalves
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
| | | | - Franck Richard
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier - CNRS - EPHE - IRD, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Benjamin Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Anne Pringle
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Ishikawa A, Hayasaka D, Nara K. Effects of root-colonizing fungi on pioneer Pinus thunbergii seedlings in primary successional volcanic mudflow on Kuchinoerabu Island, Japan. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:57-67. [PMID: 38502187 PMCID: PMC10998786 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Root-colonizing fungi, such as mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophyte fungi, are often found on pioneer plant species during early primary succession. However, little is known about which fungal species are responsible for the establishment of pioneer plants when these symbionts colonize simultaneously. We investigated the root-colonizing fungal communities of Pinus thunbergii that established prior to lichens, bryophytes, and short-lived herbaceous plants in a primary successional volcanic mudflow site on Kuchinoerabu Island, Japan. We collected a total of 54 current-year and 1- to 2-year-old seedlings. The colonization of root fungi was evaluated by direct observation of key structures (e.g., mantle, arbuscule, microsclerotia, and hyphae) and molecular analysis. Of the 34 current-year seedlings collected, only 12 individuals were colonized by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. By contrast, all 1- to 2-year-old seedlings were colonized by ECM fungi. Seedlings colonized by pine-specific ECM fungi, specifically Rhizopogon roseolus and Suillus granulatus, showed higher nitrogen and phosphorus contents in their needles compared to non-ECM seedlings. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophyte fungi were found in only two and three individuals, respectively. The high density of mycophagous deer on Kuchinoerabu-jima may contribute to the favored dispersal of ECM fungi over other root-colonizing fungi. In conclusion, the seedling establishment of P. thunbergii at the volcanic mudflow may be largely supported by ECM fungi, with negligible effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Hayasaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-0882, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Mujica MI, Herrera H, Cisternas M, Zuniga-Feest A, Sagredo-Saez C, Selosse MA. Mycorrhizas in South American Ericaceae. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:1-18. [PMID: 38512497 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbioses (mycorrhizas) of Ericaceae, including ericoid mycorrhiza (ErM), have been mainly studied in the Northern Hemisphere, although the highest diversity of ericaceous plants is located in the Southern Hemisphere, where several regions remain largely unexplored. One of them is South America, which harbors a remarkably high diversity of Ericaceae (691 species and 33 genera) in a wide range of environmental conditions, and a specific mycorrhizal type called cavendishioid. In this review, we compile all available information on mycorrhizas of Ericaceae in South America. We report data on the mycorrhizal type and fungal diversity in 17 and 11 ericaceous genera, respectively. We show that South American Ericaceae exhibit a high diversity of habitats and life forms and that some species from typical ErM subfamilies may also host arbuscular mycorrhiza. Also, a possible geographical pattern in South American ErM fungal communities is suggested, with Sebacinales being the dominant mycorrhizal partners of the Andean clade species from tropical mountains, while archetypal ErM fungi are common partners in southern South America species. The gathered information challenges some common assumptions about ErM and suggests that focusing on understudied regions would improve our understanding of the evolution of mycorrhizal associations in this intriguing family.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Mujica
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Héctor Herrera
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mauricio Cisternas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Cruz, La Cruz, Chile
| | - Alejandra Zuniga-Feest
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristiane Sagredo-Saez
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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11
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Ullah A, Gao D, Wu F. Common mycorrhizal network: the predominant socialist and capitalist responses of possible plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions for sustainable agriculture. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1183024. [PMID: 38628862 PMCID: PMC11020090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1183024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants engage in a variety of interactions, including sharing nutrients through common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), which are facilitated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These networks can promote the establishment, growth, and distribution of limited nutrients that are important for plant growth, which in turn benefits the entire network of plants. Interactions between plants and microbes in the rhizosphere are complex and can either be socialist or capitalist in nature, and the knowledge of these interactions is equally important for the progress of sustainable agricultural practice. In the socialist network, resources are distributed more evenly, providing benefits for all connected plants, such as symbiosis. For example, direct or indirect transfer of nutrients to plants, direct stimulation of growth through phytohormones, antagonism toward pathogenic microorganisms, and mitigation of stresses. For the capitalist network, AMF would be privately controlled for the profit of certain groups of plants, hence increasing competition between connected plants. Such plant interactions invading by microbes act as saprophytic and cause necrotrophy in the colonizing plants. In the first case, an excess of the nutritional resources may be donated to the receiver plants by direct transfer. In the second case, an unequal distribution of resources occurs, which certainly favor individual groups and increases competition between interactions. This largely depends on which of these responses is predominant ("socialist" or "capitalist") at the moment plants are connected. Therefore, some plant species might benefit from CMNs more than others, depending on the fungal species and plant species involved in the association. Nevertheless, benefits and disadvantages from the interactions between the connected plants are hard to distinguish in nature once most of the plants are colonized simultaneously by multiple fungal species, each with its own cost-benefits. Classifying plant-microbe interactions based on their habitat specificity, such as their presence on leaf surfaces (phyllospheric), within plant tissues (endophytic), on root surfaces (rhizospheric), or as surface-dwelling organisms (epiphytic), helps to highlight the dense and intricate connections between plants and microbes that occur both above and below ground. In these complex relationships, microbes often engage in mutualistic interactions where both parties derive mutual benefits, exemplifying the socialistic or capitalistic nature of these interactions. This review discusses the ubiquity, functioning, and management interventions of different types of plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions in CMNs, and how they promote plant growth and address environmental challenges for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Danmei Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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12
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Sena L, Mica E, Valè G, Vaccino P, Pecchioni N. Exploring the potential of endophyte-plant interactions for improving crop sustainable yields in a changing climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1349401. [PMID: 38571718 PMCID: PMC10988515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1349401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change poses a major threat to global food security, significantly reducing crop yields as cause of abiotic stresses, and for boosting the spread of new and old pathogens and pests. Sustainable crop management as a route to mitigation poses the challenge of recruiting an array of solutions and tools for the new aims. Among these, the deployment of positive interactions between the micro-biotic components of agroecosystems and plants can play a highly significant role, as part of the agro-ecological revolution. Endophytic microorganisms have emerged as a promising solution to tackle this challenge. Among these, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and endophytic bacteria and fungi have demonstrated their potential to alleviate abiotic stresses such as drought and heat stress, as well as the impacts of biotic stresses. They can enhance crop yields in a sustainable way also by other mechanisms, such as improving the nutrient uptake, or by direct effects on plant physiology. In this review we summarize and update on the main types of endophytes, we highlight several studies that demonstrate their efficacy in improving sustainable yields and explore possible avenues for implementing crop-microbiota interactions. The mechanisms underlying these interactions are highly complex and require a comprehensive understanding. For this reason, omic technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been employed to unravel, by a higher level of information, the complex network of interactions between plants and microorganisms. Therefore, we also discuss the various omic approaches and techniques that have been used so far to study plant-endophyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sena
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Sede Agraria, UNIMORE - Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, CREA – Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Erica Mica
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, UPO – Università del Piemonte Orientale, Complesso San Giuseppe, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giampiero Valè
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, UPO – Università del Piemonte Orientale, Complesso San Giuseppe, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vaccino
- Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, CREA – Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Sede Agraria, UNIMORE - Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, CREA – Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Vercelli, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, CREA – Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Foggia, Italy
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13
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Chaudhury R, Chakraborty A, Rahaman F, Sarkar T, Dey S, Das M. Mycorrhization in trees: ecology, physiology, emerging technologies and beyond. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:145-156. [PMID: 38194349 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mycorrhization has been an integral part of plants since colonization by the early land plants. Over decades, substantial research has highlighted its potential role in improving nutritional efficiency and growth, development and survival of crop plants. However, the focus of this review is trees. Evidence have been provided to explain ecological and physiological significance of mycorrhization in trees. Advances in recent technologies (e.g., metagenomics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, agricultural drones) may open new windows to apply this knowledge in promoting tree growth in forest ecosystems. Dual mycorrhization relationships in trees and even triple relationships among trees, mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria offer an interesting physiological system to understand how plants interact with other organisms for better survival. Besides, studies indicate additional roles of mycorrhization in learning, memorizing and communication between host trees through a common mycorrhizal network (CMN). Recent observations in trees suggest that mycorrhization may even promote tolerance to multiple abiotic (e.g., drought, salt, heavy metal stress) and biotic (e.g. fungi) stresses. Due to the extent of physiological reliance, local adaptation of trees is heavily impacted by the mycorrhizal community. This knowledge opens the possibility of a non-GMO avenue to promote tree growth and development. Indeed, mycorrhization could impact growth of trees in nurserys and subsequent survival of the inoculated trees in field conditions. Future studies might integrate hyperspectral imaging and drone technologies to identify tree communities that are deficient in nitrogen and spray mycorrhizal spore formulations on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaudhury
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - A Chakraborty
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - F Rahaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - T Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - S Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - M Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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14
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Birnbaum C, Dearnaley J, Egidi E, Frew A, Hopkins A, Powell J, Aguilar-Trigueros C, Liddicoat C, Albornoz F, Heuck MK, Dadzie FA, Florence L, Singh P, Mansfield T, Rajapaksha K, Stewart J, Rallo P, Peddle SD, Chiarenza G. Integrating soil microbial communities into fundamental ecology, conservation, and restoration: examples from Australia: Ecological Society of Australia (ESA) and Society of Conservation Biology Oceania (SCBO) joint Conference, Wollongong, Australia, 28 November-2 December 2022. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:974-981. [PMID: 38098200 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Birnbaum
- School of Agriculture & Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- Center for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4370, Australia
| | - John Dearnaley
- School of Agriculture & Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- Center for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4370, Australia
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Adam Frew
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Anna Hopkins
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Jeff Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Trigueros
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | | | - Meike K Heuck
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Frederick A Dadzie
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Luke Florence
- Department of Environment & Genetics, La Trobe University, Science Drive, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Tomas Mansfield
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Kumari Rajapaksha
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jana Stewart
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Paola Rallo
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Shawn D Peddle
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Giancarlo Chiarenza
- Evolution and Ecology Research Center, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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15
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Netherway T, Bengtsson J, Buegger F, Fritscher J, Oja J, Pritsch K, Hildebrand F, Krab EJ, Bahram M. Pervasive associations between dark septate endophytic fungi with tree root and soil microbiomes across Europe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:159. [PMID: 38167673 PMCID: PMC10761831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Trees interact with a multitude of microbes through their roots and root symbionts such as mycorrhizal fungi and root endophytes. Here, we explore the role of fungal root symbionts as predictors of the soil and root-associated microbiomes of widespread broad-leaved trees across a European latitudinal gradient. Our results suggest that, alongside factors such as climate, soil, and vegetation properties, root colonization by ectomycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal, and dark septate endophytic fungi also shapes tree-associated microbiomes. Notably, the structure of root and soil microbiomes across our sites is more strongly and consistently associated with dark septate endophyte colonization than with mycorrhizal colonization and many abiotic factors. Root colonization by dark septate endophytes also has a consistent negative association with the relative abundance and diversity of nutrient cycling genes. Our study not only indicates that root-symbiotic interactions are an important factor structuring soil communities and functions in forest ecosystems, but also that the hitherto less studied dark septate endophytes are likely to be central players in these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarquin Netherway
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Franz Buegger
- Research Unit for Environmental Simulation (EUS), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Fritscher
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Jane Oja
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Research Unit for Environmental Simulation (EUS), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Falk Hildebrand
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Eveline J Krab
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, Tartu, Estonia
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16
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Robinson DG, Ammer C, Polle A, Bauhus J, Aloni R, Annighöfer P, Baskin TI, Blatt MR, Bolte A, Bugmann H, Cohen JD, Davies PJ, Draguhn A, Hartmann H, Hasenauer H, Hepler PK, Kohnle U, Lang F, Löf M, Messier C, Munné-Bosch S, Murphy A, Puettmann KJ, Marchant IQ, Raven PH, Robinson D, Sanders D, Seidel D, Schwechheimer C, Spathelf P, Steer M, Taiz L, Wagner S, Henriksson N, Näsholm T. Mother trees, altruistic fungi, and the perils of plant personification. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:20-31. [PMID: 37735061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
There are growing doubts about the true role of the common mycorrhizal networks (CMN or wood wide web) connecting the roots of trees in forests. We question the claims of a substantial carbon transfer from 'mother trees' to their offspring and nearby seedlings through the CMN. Recent reviews show that evidence for the 'mother tree concept' is inconclusive or absent. The origin of this concept seems to stem from a desire to humanize plant life but can lead to misunderstandings and false interpretations and may eventually harm rather than help the commendable cause of preserving forests. Two recent books serve as examples: The Hidden Life of Trees and Finding the Mother Tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Robinson
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silvicuture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Roni Aloni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Peter Annighöfer
- Forest and Agroforest Systems, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias I Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andreas Bolte
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, A.-Möller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jerry D Cohen
- Department of Horticultural Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peter J Davies
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neuro- and Senory Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Julius Kühn Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Forest Protection, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Hasenauer
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82/II 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Peter K Hepler
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ulrich Kohnle
- Department of Forest Growth, Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Wonnhaldestraße 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Lang
- Chair of Soil Ecology, University of Freiburg, Bertholdstr. 17, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Magnus Löf
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 3, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Christian Messier
- University of Quebec in Montréal (UQAM) and in Outaouais (UQO), Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Angus Murphy
- Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 5140 Plant Sciences Building 4291 Fieldhouse Drive College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Klaus J Puettmann
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Iván Quiroz Marchant
- Instituto Forestal, Calle Nueva Uno 3570 LT 4 Michaihue, San Pedro de la Paz, Concepción Chile, Chile
| | - Peter H Raven
- President Emeritus, Missouri Botanical Garden, 1037 Cy Ann Drive, Town and Country, MO 63017-8402, USA
| | - David Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Dale Sanders
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Dominik Seidel
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 8, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Spathelf
- Applied Silviculture, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Alfred-Möller-Strasse 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Martin Steer
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lincoln Taiz
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Sven Wagner
- Chair of Silviculture, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Str. 8, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Nils Henriksson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
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17
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Van Nuland ME, Daws SC, Bailey JK, Schweitzer JA, Busby PE, Peay KG. Above- and belowground fungal biodiversity of Populus trees on a continental scale. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2406-2419. [PMID: 37973868 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding drivers of terrestrial fungal communities over large scales is an important challenge for predicting the fate of ecosystems under climate change and providing critical ecological context for bioengineering plant-microbe interactions in model systems. We conducted an extensive molecular and microscopy field study across the contiguous United States measuring natural variation in the Populus fungal microbiome among tree species, plant niche compartments and key symbionts. Our results show clear biodiversity hotspots and regional endemism of Populus-associated fungal communities explained by a combination of climate, soil and geographic factors. Modelling climate change impacts showed a deterioration of Populus mycorrhizal associations and an increase in potentially pathogenic foliar endophyte diversity and prevalence. Geographic differences among these symbiont groups in their sensitivity to environmental change are likely to influence broader forest health and ecosystem function. This dataset provides an above- and belowground atlas of Populus fungal biodiversity at a continental scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Van Nuland
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Society for the Protection of Underground Networks, SPUN, Dover, DE, USA.
| | - S Caroline Daws
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph K Bailey
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schweitzer
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Posy E Busby
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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Allen MF, Shulman H, Rundel PW, Harmon TC, Aronson EL. Leaf-cutter ants - mycorrhizal fungi: observations and research questions from an unexpected mutualism. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 4:1241916. [PMID: 38033376 PMCID: PMC10687443 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1241916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf-cutter ants (LCAs) are widely distributed and alter the physical and biotic architecture above and below ground. In neotropical rainforests, they create aboveground and belowground disturbance gaps that facilitate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Within the hyperdiverse neotropical rainforests, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi occupy nearly all of the forest floor. Nearly every cubic centimeter of soil contains a network of hyphae of Glomeromycotina, fungi that form arbuscular mycorrhizae. Our broad question is as follows: how can alternative mycorrhizae, which are-especially ectomycorrhizae-essential for the survival of some plant species, become established? Specifically, is there an ant-mycorrhizal fungus interaction that facilitates their establishment in these hyperdiverse ecosystems? In one lowland Costa Rican rainforest, nests of the LCA Atta cephalotes cover approximately 1.2% of the land surface that is broadly scattered throughout the forest. On sequencing the DNA from soil organisms, we found the inocula of many AM fungi in their nests, but the nests also contained the inocula of ectomycorrhizal, orchid mycorrhizal, and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, including Scleroderma sinnamariense, a fungus critical to Gnetum leyboldii, an obligate ectomycorrhizal plant. When the nests were abandoned, new root growth into the nest offered opportunities for new mycorrhizal associations to develop. Thus, the patches created by LCAs appear to be crucial sites for the establishment and survival of shifting mycorrhizal plant-fungal associations, in turn facilitating the high diversity of these communities. A better understanding of the interactions of organisms, including cross-kingdom and ant-mycorrhizal fungal interactions, would improve our understanding of how these ecosystems might tolerate environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Allen
- Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Hannah Shulman
- Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Philip W. Rundel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas C. Harmon
- School of Engineering and Environmental Systems Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Emma L. Aronson
- Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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19
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Meng Y, Davison J, Clarke JT, Zobel M, Gerz M, Moora M, Öpik M, Bueno CG. Environmental modulation of plant mycorrhizal traits in the global flora. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1862-1876. [PMID: 37766496 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbioses are known to strongly influence plant performance, structure plant communities and shape ecosystem dynamics. Plant mycorrhizal traits, such as those characterising mycorrhizal type (arbuscular (AM), ecto-, ericoid or orchid mycorrhiza) and status (obligately (OM), facultatively (FM) or non-mycorrhizal) offer valuable insight into plant belowground functionality. Here, we compile available plant mycorrhizal trait information and global occurrence data (∼ 100 million records) for 11,770 vascular plant species. Using a plant phylogenetic mega-tree and high-resolution climatic and edaphic data layers, we assess phylogenetic and environmental correlates of plant mycorrhizal traits. We find that plant mycorrhizal type is more phylogenetically conserved than plant mycorrhizal status, while environmental variables (both climatic and edaphic; notably soil texture) explain more variation in mycorrhizal status, especially FM. The previously underestimated role of environmental conditions has far-reaching implications for our understanding of ecosystem functioning under changing climatic and soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John T Clarke
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maret Gerz
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - C Guillermo Bueno
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, IPE-CSIC, Jaca, Spain
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20
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Ray T, Delory BM, Beugnon R, Bruelheide H, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Quosh J, von Oheimb G, Fichtner A. Tree diversity increases productivity through enhancing structural complexity across mycorrhizal types. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2362. [PMID: 37801499 PMCID: PMC10558120 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree species diversity and mycorrhizal associations play a central role for forest productivity, but factors driving positive biodiversity-productivity relationships remain poorly understood. In a biodiversity experiment manipulating tree diversity and mycorrhizal associations, we examined the roles of above- and belowground processes in modulating wood productivity in young temperate tree communities and potential underlying mechanisms. We found that tree species richness, but not mycorrhizal associations, increased forest productivity by enhancing aboveground structural complexity within communities. Structurally complex communities were almost twice as productive as structurally simple stands, particularly when light interception was high. We further demonstrate that overyielding was largely explained by positive net biodiversity effects on structural complexity with functional variation in shade tolerance and taxonomic diversity being key drivers of structural complexity in mixtures. Consideration of stand structural complexity appears to be a crucial element in predicting carbon sequestration in the early successional stages of mixed-species forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tama Ray
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Benjamin M. Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Rémy Beugnon
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Universität Leipzig, Stephanstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919, route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julius Quosh
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
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21
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Becklin KM, Viele BM, Coleman HD. Nutrient conditions mediate mycorrhizal effects on biomass production and cell wall chemistry in poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1571-1583. [PMID: 37166359 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale biofuel production from lignocellulosic feedstock is limited by the financial and environmental costs associated with growing and processing lignocellulosic material and the resilience of these plants to environmental stress. Symbiotic associations with arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi represent a potential strategy for expanding feedstock production while reducing nutrient inputs. Comparing AM and EM effects on wood production and chemical composition is a necessary step in developing biofuel feedstocks. Here, we assessed the productivity, biomass allocation and secondary cell wall (SCW) composition of greenhouse-grown Populus tremuloidesMichx. inoculated with either AM or EM fungi. Given the long-term goal of reducing nutrient inputs for biofuel production, we further tested the effects of nutrient availability and nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry on mycorrhizal responses. Associations with both AM and EM fungi increased plant biomass by 14-74% depending on the nutrient conditions but had minimal effects on SCW composition. Mycorrhizal plants, especially those inoculated with EM fungi, also allocated a greater portion of their biomass to roots, which could be beneficial in the field where plants are likely to experience both water and nutrient stress. Leaf nutrient content was weakly but positively correlated with wood production in mycorrhizal plants. Surprisingly, phosphorus played a larger role in EM plants compared with AM plants. Relative nitrogen and phosphorus availability were correlated with shifts in SCW composition. For AM associations, the benefit of increased wood biomass may be partially offset by increased lignin content, a trait that affects downstream processing of lignocellulosic tissue for biofuels. By comparing AM and EM effects on the productivity and chemical composition of lignocellulosic tissue, this work links broad functional diversity in mycorrhizal associations to key biofuel traits and highlights the importance of considering both biotic and abiotic factors when developing strategies for sustainable biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Becklin
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Bethanie M Viele
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Heather D Coleman
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
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22
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López-Angulo J, Matesanz S, Illuminati A, Pescador DS, Sánchez AM, Pías B, Chacón-Labella J, de la Cruz M, Escudero A. Ecological drivers of fine-scale distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a semiarid Mediterranean scrubland. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:1107-1119. [PMID: 36976581 PMCID: PMC10457037 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi enhance the uptake of water and minerals by the plant hosts, alleviating plant stress. Therefore, AM fungal-plant interactions are particularly important in drylands and other stressful ecosystems. We aimed to determine the combined and independent effects of above- and below-ground plant community attributes (i.e. diversity and composition), soil heterogeneity and spatial covariates on the spatial structure of the AM fungal communities in a semiarid Mediterranean scrubland. Furthermore, we evaluated how the phylogenetic relatedness of both plants and AM fungi shapes these symbiotic relationships. METHODS We characterized the composition and diversity of AM fungal and plant communities in a dry Mediterranean scrubland taxonomically and phylogenetically, using DNA metabarcoding and a spatially explicit sampling design at the plant neighbourhood scale. KEY RESULTS The above- and below-ground plant community attributes, soil physicochemical properties and spatial variables explained unique fractions of AM fungal diversity and composition. Mainly, variations in plant composition affected the AM fungal composition and diversity. Our results also showed that particular AM fungal taxa tended to be associated with closely related plant species, suggesting the existence of a phylogenetic signal. Although soil texture, fertility and pH affected AM fungal community assembly, spatial factors had a greater influence on AM fungal community composition and diversity than soil physicochemical properties. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that the more easily accessible above-ground vegetation is a reliable indicator of the linkages between plant roots and AM fungi. We also emphasize the importance of soil physicochemical properties in addition to below-ground plant information, while accounting for the phylogenetic relationships of both plants and fungi, because these factors improve our ability to predict the relationships between AM fungal and plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús López-Angulo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Matesanz
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Illuminati
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - David S Pescador
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Sánchez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pías
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marcelino de la Cruz
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Hereira-Pacheco SE, Estrada-Torres A, Dendooven L, Navarro-Noya YE. Shifts in root-associated fungal communities under drought conditions in Ricinus communis. FUNGAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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24
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Barou V, Rincón A, Calvet C, Camprubí A, Parladé J. Aromatic Plants and Their Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Outcompete Tuber melanosporum in Compatibility Assays with Truffle-Oaks. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040628. [PMID: 37106828 PMCID: PMC10136101 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The high value of black truffle recompenses the slow growth of the fungus when established in the field. Adding a secondary crop, such as medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), could further enhance the sustainability of truffle production agro-forest systems. The dual cultures of ectomycorrhizal truffle-oak seedlings and MAPs (lavender, thyme, and sage) previously inoculated and non-inoculated with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), were established to evaluate plant-fungi relationships. After 12 months in a shadehouse, plants' growth, mycorrhizal colonization, and extraradical soil mycelium (both of Tuber melanosporum and AMF) were measured. Overall, truffle-oaks' growth was negatively affected by the presence of MAPs, especially when inoculated with AMF. In turn, the presence of truffle-oaks barely affected the co-cultured MAPs, and only lavenders showed a significant growth reduction. All AMF-inoculated MAPs showed higher shoot and root biomass than non-inoculated ones. Compared to truffle-oaks growing alone, the presence of co-cultured MAPs, especially when they were AMF-inoculated, significantly decreased both the ectomycorrhizas and soil mycelium of T. melanosporum. These results reveal the strong competition between AMF and T. melanosporum and warn about the need for the protection of intercropping plants and their associated symbiotic fungi to avoid reciprocal counterproductive effects in mixed truffle-oak-AMF-MAP plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Barou
- Centre de Cabrils, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Spain
| | - Ana Rincón
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, ICA-CSIC, C/Serrano 115 dpdo., E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinta Calvet
- Centre de Cabrils, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Spain
| | - Amelia Camprubí
- Centre de Cabrils, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Spain
| | - Javier Parladé
- Centre de Cabrils, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Spain
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25
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Karst J, Jones MD, Hoeksema JD. Positive citation bias and overinterpreted results lead to misinformation on common mycorrhizal networks in forests. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:501-511. [PMID: 36782032 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-01986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A common mycorrhizal network (CMN) is formed when mycorrhizal fungal hyphae connect the roots of multiple plants of the same or different species belowground. Recently, CMNs have captured the interest of broad audiences, especially with respect to forest function and management. We are concerned, however, that recent claims in the popular media about CMNs in forests are disconnected from evidence, and that bias towards citing positive effects of CMNs has developed in the scientific literature. We first evaluated the evidence supporting three common claims. The claims that CMNs are widespread in forests and that resources are transferred through CMNs to increase seedling performance are insufficiently supported because results from field studies vary too widely, have alternative explanations or are too limited to support generalizations. The claim that mature trees preferentially send resources and defence signals to offspring through CMNs has no peer-reviewed, published evidence. We next examined how the results from CMN research are cited and found that unsupported claims have doubled in the past 25 years; a bias towards citing positive effects may obscure our understanding of the structure and function of CMNs in forests. We conclude that knowledge on CMNs is presently too sparse and unsettled to inform forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Karst
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Melanie D Jones
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason D Hoeksema
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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26
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Heklau H, Schindler N, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Bruelheide H. Temporal variation of mycorrhization rates in a tree diversity experiment. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10002. [PMID: 37091560 PMCID: PMC10115898 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While mycorrhization rates have been studied in different contexts, not much is known about their temporal patterns across seasons. Here, we asked how mycorrhization rates of 10 deciduous trees assessed by microscopy changed from winter to spring to early summer. We made use of a tree diversity experiment on nutrient-rich soil (former farmland) in Central Germany. In the experiment, saplings of host species with a preference for either arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (EM) were planted in monocultures, two-species, and four-species mixtures. In addition, mixtures were composed of tree species of only one mycorrhizal type or by AM/EM trees. For almost all species, with the exception of Aesculus hippocastanum and Acer pseudoplatanus (only AM), dual mycorrhization with both types (AM and EM) was found at every sampling time (December, March, and May), although the expected preferences for certain mycorrhizal types were confirmed. The sampling date had a significant influence on mycorrhization rates of both EM and AM tree species. Frequencies of EM and AM were lowest in May, but there were no differences between December and March. The causes of this seasonal variation may be associated with climate-induced differences in carbon allocation to mycorrhizal tree roots in the temperate climate. Within individual trees, mycorrhization rates by AM and EM fungi were not correlated over time, pointing to asynchronous variation between both types and to independent drivers for AM and EM mycorrhization. At the community level, mycorrhiza frequency of either of the two types became more asynchronous from two-species to four-species mixtures. Thus, increased community asynchrony in mycorrhization could be another important mechanism in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Heklau
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle (Saale)06108Germany
| | - Nicole Schindler
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle (Saale)06108Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigPuschstr. 4Leipzig04103Germany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityPuschstr. 4Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigPuschstr. 4Leipzig04103Germany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityPuschstr. 4Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle (Saale)06108Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigPuschstr. 4Leipzig04103Germany
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27
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Cosme M. Mycorrhizas drive the evolution of plant adaptation to drought. Commun Biol 2023; 6:346. [PMID: 36997637 PMCID: PMC10063553 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant adaptation to drought facilitates major ecological transitions, and will likely play a vital role under looming climate change. Mycorrhizas, i.e. strategic associations between plant roots and soil-borne symbiotic fungi, can exert strong influence on the tolerance to drought of extant plants. Here, I show how mycorrhizal strategy and drought adaptation have been shaping one another throughout the course of plant evolution. To characterize the evolutions of both plant characters, I applied a phylogenetic comparative method using data of 1,638 extant species globally distributed. The detected correlated evolution unveiled gains and losses of drought tolerance occurring at faster rates in lineages with ecto- or ericoid mycorrhizas, which were on average about 15 and 300 times faster than in lineages with the arbuscular mycorrhizal and naked root (non-mycorrhizal alone or with facultatively arbuscular mycorrhizal) strategy, respectively. My study suggests that mycorrhizas can play a key facilitator role in the evolutionary processes of plant adaptation to critical changes in water availability across global climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cosme
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 2, 1348, Louvain‑la‑Neuve, Belgium.
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28
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N. M. Furtado A, Leonardi M, Comandini O, Neves MA, C. Rinaldi A. Restinga ectomycorrhizae: a work in progress. F1000Res 2023; 12:317. [PMID: 37265684 PMCID: PMC10230178 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.131558.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is one of the most biodiverse terrestrial ecoregions of the world. Among its constituents, restinga vegetation makes a particular case, acting as a buffer zone between the oceans and the forest. Covering some 80% of Brazilian coastline (over 7,300 km in length), restinga is a harsh environment where plants and fungi interact in complex ways that just now are beginning to be unveiled. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, in particular, plays a so far ungauged and likely underestimated role. We recently described the morpho-anatomical and molecular features of the ectomycorrhizae formed by several basidiomycetous mycobionts on the host plant Guapira opposita, but the mycorrhizal biology of restinga is still largely unexplored. Here, we report new data on the ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts of G. opposita, based on the collection of sporomata and ectomycorrhizal root tips in restinga stands occurring in southern Brazil. Methods: To obtain a broader view of restinga mycorrhizal and ecological potential, we compiled a comprehensive and up-to-date checklist of fungal species reported or supposed to establish ectomycorrhizae on restinga-inhabiting host plants, mainly on the basis of field observations. Results: Our list comprises some 726 records, 74 of which correspond to putative ectomycorrhizal taxa specifically associated with restinga. These include several members of Boletaceae, Amanita, Tomentella/ Thelephora, Russula/ Lactifluus, and Clavulina, as well as hypogeous fungi, like the recently described Longistriata flava. Conclusions: Our survey reveals a significant diversity of the restinga ectomycorrhizal mycobiota, indicating the importance of this symbiosis for the ecological functioning of a unique yet poorly known and threatened ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne N. M. Furtado
- Departamento de Botânica, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-960, Brazil
| | - Marco Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, della Salute e dell'Ambiente, Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, I-67100, Italy
| | - Ornella Comandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, I-09042, Italy
| | - Maria Alice Neves
- Departamento de Botânica, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-960, Brazil
| | - Andrea C. Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, I-09042, Italy
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Carrell AA, Hicks BB, Sidelinger E, Johnston ER, Jawdy SS, Clark MM, Klingeman DM, Cregger MA. Nitrogen addition alters soil fungal communities, but root fungal communities are resistant to change. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1033631. [PMID: 36762095 PMCID: PMC9905728 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1033631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are colonized by numerous microorganisms serving important symbiotic functions that are vital to plant growth and success. Understanding and harnessing these interactions will be useful in both managed and natural ecosystems faced with global change, but it is still unclear how variation in environmental conditions and soils influence the trajectory of these interactions. In this study, we examine how nitrogen addition alters plant-fungal interactions within two species of Populus - Populus deltoides and P. trichocarpa. In this experiment, we manipulated plant host, starting soil (native vs. away for each tree species), and nitrogen addition in a fully factorial replicated design. After ~10 weeks of growth, we destructively harvested the plants and characterized plant growth factors and the soil and root endosphere fungal communities using targeted amplicon sequencing of the ITS2 gene region. Overall, we found nitrogen addition altered plant growth factors, e.g., plant height, chlorophyll density, and plant N content. Interestingly, nitrogen addition resulted in a lower fungal alpha diversity in soils but not plant roots. Further, there was an interactive effect of tree species, soil origin, and nitrogen addition on soil fungal community composition. Starting soils collected from Oregon and West Virginia were dominated by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Inocybe (55.8% relative abundance), but interestingly when P. deltoides was grown in its native West Virginia soil, the roots selected for a high abundance of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizophagus. These results highlight the importance of soil origin and plant species on establishing plant-fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Carrell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Brittany B. Hicks
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emilie Sidelinger
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Eric R. Johnston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Sara S. Jawdy
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Miranda M. Clark
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Dawn M. Klingeman
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Melissa A. Cregger
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Melissa A. Cregger ✉
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30
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Muñoz E, Carneiro J. Plant-microbe symbiosis widens the habitability range of the Daisyworld. J Theor Biol 2022; 554:111275. [PMID: 36099938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe symbiosis is pervasive in the Earth's ecosystems and dates back to the early land colonisation by plants. Mutualistic partnership with rhizobia bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi promotes plant nutrition, growth and diversity, impacting important ecosystem functions. However, how the global behaviour and dynamical properties of an ecosystem are modified by plant-microbe symbiosis is still unclear. To tackle this theoretical question, we resorted to the Daisyworld as a toy model of the global ecosystem. We redesigned the original model to allow accounting for seed production, spreading, germination, and seedling development to mature seed-producing plants to describe how symbiotic and non-symbiotic daisy species differ in these key processes. Using the steady-state and bifurcation analysis of this model, we demonstrate that symbiosis with microbes broadens the habitability range of the Daisyworld by enhancing plant growth and/or facilitating plant access to otherwise uninhabitable nutrient-poor regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Muñoz
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal; Biology by Numbers Postdoctoral Programme, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Carneiro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova, Oeiras, Portugal
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31
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Idbella M, Abd‐ElGawad AM, Mazzoleni S, Bonanomi G. Microclimate, soil chemistry, and microbiota fail to explain
Euphorbia dendroides
Janzen‐Connell
pattern in a shrubland. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Idbella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Hassan II University Casablanca Morocco
| | - Ahmed M. Abd‐ElGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
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32
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Razgulin SM. Mycorrhizal Complexes and Their Role in the Ecology of Boreal Forests (Review). BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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33
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Veldhuis E, Skinkis J, Verheyen K, Smolders A, Smit C. Mycorrhizal fungi improve growth of Juniperus communis but only at sufficiently high soil element concentrations. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Castro D, Concha C, Jamett F, Ibáñez C, Hurry V. Soil Microbiome Influences on Seedling Establishment and Growth of Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis tamarugo from Northern Chile. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2717. [PMID: 36297741 PMCID: PMC9610084 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis tamarugo, two woody legumes adapted to the arid regions of Chile, have a declining distribution due to the lack of new seedling establishment. This study investigated the potential of both species to establish in soil collected from four locations in Chile, within and outside the species distribution, and to assess the role of the root-colonizing microbiome in seedling establishment and growth. Seedling survival, height, and water potential were measured to assess establishment success and growth. 16S and ITS2 amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the composition of microbial communities from the different soils and to assess the ability of both Prosopis species to recruit bacteria and fungi from the different soils. Both species were established on three of the four soils. P. tamarugo seedlings showed significantly higher survival in foreign soils and maintained significantly higher water potential in Mediterranean soils. Amplicon sequencing showed that the four soils harbored distinct microbial communities. Root-associated microbial composition indicated that P. chilensis preferentially recruited mycorrhizal fungal partners while P. tamarugo recruited abundant bacteria with known salt-protective functions. Our results suggest that a combination of edaphic properties and microbial soil legacy are potential factors mediating the Prosopis establishment success in different soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Castro
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90736 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher Concha
- Laboratorio de Silvogenómica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena 1720236, Chile
| | - Fabiola Jamett
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena 1720236, Chile
| | - Cristian Ibáñez
- Laboratorio de Silvogenómica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena 1720236, Chile
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90736 Umeå, Sweden
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35
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Guy P, Sibly R, Smart SM, Tibbett M, Pickles BJ. Mycorrhizal type of woody plants influences understory species richness in British broadleaved woodlands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2046-2053. [PMID: 35622460 PMCID: PMC9543792 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mature temperate woodlands are commonly dominated by ectomycorrhizal trees, whereas understory plants predominantly form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Due to differences in plant-fungus compatibility between canopy and ground layer vegetation the 'mycorrhizal mediation hypothesis' predicts that herbaceous plant establishment may be limited by a lack of suitable mycorrhizal fungal inoculum. We examined plant species data for 103 woodlands across Great Britain recorded in 1971 and in 2000 to test whether herbaceous plant species richness was related to the proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal woody plants. We compared the effect of mycorrhizal type with other important drivers of woodland plant species richness. We found a positive effect of the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal woody plants on herbaceous plant species richness. The size of the observed effect was smaller than that of pH. Moreover, the effect persisted over time, despite many woodlands undergoing marked successional change and increased understorey shading. This work supports the mycorrhizal mediation hypothesis in British woodlands and suggests that increased abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal woody plants is associated with greater understory plant species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Guy
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading, Health and Life Sciences BuildingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6EXUK
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6BZUK
| | - Richard Sibly
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading, Health and Life Sciences BuildingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6EXUK
| | - Simon M. Smart
- UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyLibrary Avenue, BailriggLancasterLA1 4APUK
| | - Mark Tibbett
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6BZUK
| | - Brian J. Pickles
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading, Health and Life Sciences BuildingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6EXUK
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36
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Fernández N, Knoblochová T, Kohout P, Janoušková M, Cajthaml T, Frouz J, Rydlová J. Asymmetric Interaction Between Two Mycorrhizal Fungal Guilds and Consequences for the Establishment of Their Host Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:873204. [PMID: 35755655 PMCID: PMC9218742 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.873204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and ectomycorrhiza (EcM) are the most abundant and widespread types of mycorrhizal symbiosis, but there is little and sometimes conflicting information regarding the interaction between AM fungi (AMF) and EcM fungi (EcMF) in soils. Their competition for resources can be particularly relevant in successional ecosystems, which usually present a transition from AM-forming herbaceous vegetation to EcM-forming woody species. The aims of this study were to describe the interaction between mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with AM and EcM hosts naturally coexisting during primary succession on spoil banks and to evaluate how this interaction affects growth and mycorrhizal colonization of seedlings of both species. We conducted a greenhouse microcosm experiment with Betula pendula and Hieracium caespitosum as EcM and AM hosts, respectively. They were cultivated in three-compartment rhizoboxes. Two lateral compartments contained different combinations of both host plants as sources of fungal mycelia colonizing the middle compartment, where fungal biomass, diversity, and community composition as well as the growth of each host plant species' seedlings were analyzed. The study's main finding was an asymmetric outcome of the interaction between the two plant species: while H. caespitosum and associated AMF reduced the abundance of EcMF in soil, modified the composition of EcMF communities, and also tended to decrease growth and mycorrhizal colonization of B. pendula seedlings, the EcM host did not have such effects on AM plants and associated AMF. In the context of primary succession, these findings suggest that ruderal AM hosts could hinder the development of EcM tree seedlings, thus slowing the transition from AM-dominated to EcM-dominated vegetation in early successional stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fernández
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue - IPATEC, Bariloche, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tereza Knoblochová
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Petr Kohout
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Janoušková
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Frouz
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Rydlová
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
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37
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Hagh-Doust N, Färkkilä SM, Hosseyni Moghaddam MS, Tedersoo L. Symbiotic fungi as biotechnological tools: Methodological challenges and relative benefits in agriculture and forestry. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Ectomycorrhizal Assemblages of Invasive Quercus rubra L. and Non-Invasive Carya Nutt. Trees under Common Garden Conditions in Europe. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Invasive tree species change biodiversity, nutrient cycles, and ecosystem services, and can turn native ecosystems into novel ecosystems determined by invaders. In the acclimatization and invasion of alien tree species, the crucial role is played by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. We tested ECM fungi associated with Quercus rubra and Carya trees that are alien to Europe. Quercus rubra is among the most invasive tree species in Europe, and the Carya species are not considered invasive. Both form ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, and in their native range in North America, coexist in oak-hickory forests. Six study stands were located in Kórnik Arboretum: three for Q. rubra and three for Carya trees. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were assessed by molecular identification of ECM roots. We identified 73 ECM fungal taxa of 23 ECM phylogenetic lineages. All identified ECM fungi were native to Europe. Similar richness but different composition of ECM taxa were found on Q. rubra and Carya roots. Phylogenetic lineages /tomentella-thelephora, /russula-lactarius, and /genea-humaria were most abundant on both Carya and Q. rubra roots. Lineages /tuber-helvella and /entoloma were abundant only on Carya, and lineages /pisolithus-scleroderma and /cortinarius were abundant only on Q. rubra roots. Analysis of similarities revealed a significant difference in ectomycorrhizal assemblages between invasive Q. rubra and non-invasive Carya. Highlights: (1) under common garden conditions, ECM taxa richness was similar on Q. rubra and Carya roots; (2) ECM taxa composition differed between invasive Q. rubra and non-invasive Carya; (3) high abundance of long-distance exploration type (lineages from Boletales) was on Q. rubra; and (4) high abundance of short-distance exploration type (e.g., /tuber-helvella) was on Carya.
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Avital S, Rog I, Livne-Luzon S, Cahanovitc R, Klein T. Asymmetric belowground carbon transfer in a diverse tree community. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3481-3495. [PMID: 35451146 PMCID: PMC9325067 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi can colonize multiple trees of a single or multiple taxa, facilitating bidirectional exchange of carbon between trees. Mycorrhiza-induced carbon transfer was shown in the forest, but it is unknown whether carbon is shared symmetrically among tree species, and if not, which tree species are better donors and which are better recipients. Here we test this question by investigating carbon transfer dynamics among five Mediterranean tree species in a microcosm system, including both ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular (AM) plants. Trees were planted together in 'community boxes' using natural soil from a mixed forest plot that serves as habitat for all five tree species and their native mycorrhizal fungi. In each box, only the trees of a single species were pulse-labeled with 13 CO2 . We found that carbon transfer was asymmetric, with oak being a better donor, and pistacia and cypress better recipients. Shared mycorrhizal species may have facilitated carbon transfer, but their diversity did not affect the amount, nor timing, of the transfer. Overall, our findings in a microcosm system expose rich, but hidden, belowground interactions in a diverse population of trees and mycorrhizal fungi. The asymmetric carbon exchange among co-habiting tree species could potentially contribute to forest resilience in an uncertain future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifra Avital
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ido Rog
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Stav Livne-Luzon
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Rotem Cahanovitc
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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40
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Furtado ANM, Comandini O, Leonardi M, Rinaldi AC, Neves MA. Morpho-anatomical and molecular characterization of a native mycorrhizal <i>Amanita</i> species associated with <i>Guapira opposita </i>(<i>Nyctaginaceae</i>) in the brazilian Atlantic Forest. MYCOSCIENCE 2022; 63:73-78. [PMID: 37092010 PMCID: PMC10012349 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we characterize naturally occurring mycorrhizae formed by Amanita viscidolutea on Guapira opposita in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. We sequenced the rDNA ITS region from the mycorrhizae and basidiomata to identify both symbionts. Amanita viscidolutea mycorrhizae were up to 43 mm long, mostly simple, and unbranched to irregularly pinnate. The fungal mantle surface was velvety to slightly cottony and white to yellowish with silver patches. Hyphal strands were infrequently present. Although the fungal mantle consisted of clampless hyphae, emanating hyphae and hyphal strands had sparsely distributed clamp connections. A unique character of the mycorrhizae was the absence of a Hartig net.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ornella Comandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria
| | - Marco Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di L'Aquila
| | - Andrea C. Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari
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Liu D, Zheng K, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lao R, Qin Z, Li T, Zhao Z. Harnessing an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to improve the adaptability of a facultative metallophytic poplar (Populus yunnanensis) to cadmium stress: Physiological and molecular responses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127430. [PMID: 34678563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Populus yunnanensis Dode, a facultative metallophytic poplar, exhibits afforestation potential in barren mine tailing areas. However, the interactions and functional roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) in P. yunnanensis adaptability to heavy metal stress remain unclear. Physiological and molecular responses of P. yunnanensis plantlets to AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) under cadmium (Cd) stress (50 mg kg-1) were investigated. Results showed attenuation of Cd phytotoxicity effects on cell organelles upon AMF inoculation, which also reduced the Cd concentration in the poplar leaves, stems, and roots. Under Cd stress, AMF-blocking of metal transporter (e.g., Ca2+ channel) activity occurred, decreasing root cell Cd influx by reducing H+ efflux. Bioaugmentation of rhizosphere sediments by AMF to stabilize metals with a decreasing DTPA-extractable Cd also occurred. The AMF inoculation promoted Cd conversion into inactive, less phytotoxic forms, and helped to maintain ion homeostasis and relieve nutritional ion (e.g., Ca, Mg) disorders caused by excessive Cd. Leaf enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant systems were triggered. Root and leaf physiological response patterns differed. The AMF regulated the poplar functional genes, and nine metal-responsive gene clusters were identified. We suggest that AMF is a functional component of P. yunnanensis phenotype extension, contributing to strong adaptability to unfavorable mine tailings conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Kuanyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Ruimin Lao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Zhiyang Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
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Zhong F, Fan X, Ji W, Hai Z, Hu N, Li X, Liu G, Yu C, Chen Y, Lian B, Wei H, Zhang J. Soil Fungal Community Composition and Diversity of Culturable Endophytic Fungi from Plant Roots in the Reclaimed Area of the Eastern Coast of China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020124. [PMID: 35205878 PMCID: PMC8878519 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important resource for screening microbial strains capable of conferring stress tolerance in plants, the fungal community associated with the plants grown in stressful environments has received great attention. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was employed to study the rhizosphere fungal community in the reclaimed area (i.e., sites F, H, and T) of the eastern coast of China. Moreover, endophytic fungi from the root of six plant species colonizing the investigated sites were isolated and identified. The differences in soil physicochemical parameters, fungal diversity, and community structure were detected among the sampling sites and between the seasons. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi (e.g., genera Tuber and Geopora) were dominant at site F, which was characterized by high soil total carbon (SC) and total nitrogen (SN) contents and low soil electrical conductivity (EC) value. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, including genera Glomus, Rhizophagus, and Entrophospora were dominant at sites H (winter), H (summer), and T (summer), respectively. The positive relationship between the EC value and the abundance of genus Glomus indicated the ability of this AM fungus to protect plants against the salt stress. Endophytic fungi at sites F (Aspergillus and Tetracladium), H (Nigrospora), and T (Nigrospora, Coniochaeta and Zopfiella) were recognized as the biomarkers or keystone taxa, among which only genus Aspergillus was isolated from the plant roots. The aforementioned AM fungi and endophytic fungi could contribute to the promotion of plant growth in the newly reclaimed land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhong
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong 226019, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xinlei Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Wenhui Ji
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhixing Hai
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Naican Hu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Xintong Li
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Bolin Lian
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Hui Wei
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (W.J.); (Z.H.); (N.H.); (X.L.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.L.); (H.W.)
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong 226019, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (J.Z.)
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Influence Crop Productivity, Plant Diversity, and Ecosystem Services. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Fernández N, Fontenla S, Fioroni F, Soto-Mancilla M, Carron A, Moguilevsky D, Marchelli P, Marín C, Mestre MC. Mycorrhizas in Nothofagus From South America: What Do We Know From Nursery and Field Experiences? Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12994-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Bahram M, Netherway T. Fungi as mediators linking organisms and ecosystems. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6468741. [PMID: 34919672 PMCID: PMC8892540 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi form a major and diverse component of most ecosystems on Earth. They are both micro and macroorganisms with high and varying functional diversity as well as great variation in dispersal modes. With our growing knowledge of microbial biogeography, it has become increasingly clear that fungal assembly patterns and processes differ from other microorganisms such as bacteria, but also from macroorganisms such as plants. The success of fungi as organisms and their influence on the environment lies in their ability to span multiple dimensions of time, space, and biological interactions, that is not rivalled by other organism groups. There is also growing evidence that fungi mediate links between different organisms and ecosystems, with the potential to affect the macroecology and evolution of those organisms. This suggests that fungal interactions are an ecological driving force, interconnecting different levels of biological and ecological organisation of their hosts, competitors, and antagonists with the environment and ecosystem functioning. Here we review these emerging lines of evidence by focusing on the dynamics of fungal interactions with other organism groups across various ecosystems. We conclude that the mediating role of fungi through their complex and dynamic ecological interactions underlie their importance and ubiquity across Earth's ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Ulls väg 16, 756 51 Sweden.,Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 40 Lai St. Estonia
| | - Tarquin Netherway
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Ulls väg 16, 756 51 Sweden
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Sinanaj B, Hoysted GA, Pressel S, Bidartondo MI, Field KJ. Critical research challenges facing Mucoromycotina 'fine root endophytes'. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1528-1534. [PMID: 34411307 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Besiana Sinanaj
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Grace A Hoysted
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Silvia Pressel
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Martin I Bidartondo
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Katie J Field
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Querejeta JI, Schlaeppi K, López-García Á, Ondoño S, Prieto I, van der Heijden MGA, Del Mar Alguacil M. Lower relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi under a warmer and drier climate is linked to enhanced soil organic matter decomposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1399-1413. [PMID: 34342894 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aboveground impacts of climate change receive extensive research attention, but climate change could also alter belowground processes such as the delicate balance between free-living fungal decomposers and nutrient-scavenging mycorrhizal fungi that can inhibit decomposition through a mechanism called the Gadgil effect. We investigated how climate change-induced reductions in plant survival, photosynthesis and productivity alter soil fungal community composition in a mixed arbuscular/ectomycorrhizal (AM/EM) semiarid shrubland exposed to experimental warming (W) and/or rainfall reduction (RR). We hypothesised that increased EM host plant mortality under a warmer and drier climate might decrease ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) abundance, thereby favouring the proliferation and activity of fungal saprotrophs. The relative abundance of EMF sequences decreased by 57.5% under W+RR, which was accompanied by reductions in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes involved in the acquisition of organic-bound nutrients by EMF and their host plants. W+RR thereby created an enhanced potential for soil organic matter (SOM) breakdown and nitrogen mineralisation by decomposers, as revealed by 127-190% increases in dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, respectively, and decreasing SOM content in soil. Climate aridification impacts on vegetation can cascade belowground through shifts in fungal guild structure that alter ecosystem biogeochemistry and accelerate SOM decomposition by reducing the Gadgil effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Querejeta
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation (CEBAS-CSIC), CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, PO Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Klaus Schlaeppi
- Plant-Soil-Interactions, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Álvaro López-García
- Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Sara Ondoño
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation (CEBAS-CSIC), CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, PO Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation (CEBAS-CSIC), CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, PO Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Plant-Soil-Interactions, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Plant-Microbe-Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3508TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - María Del Mar Alguacil
- Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
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Boeraeve M, Leroux O, De Lange R, Verbeken A, Jacquemyn H. The Effect of Surrounding Vegetation on the Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities of the Temperate Tree Crataegus monogyna Jacq. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:741813. [PMID: 37744148 PMCID: PMC10512229 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.741813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
About 90% of all land plants form mycorrhiza to facilitate the acquisition of essential nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and sometimes carbon. Based on the morphology of the interaction and the identity of the interacting plants and fungi, four major mycorrhizal types have been distinguished: arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EcM), ericoid mycorrhiza, and orchid mycorrhiza. Although most plants are assumed to form only one type of mycorrhiza, some species simultaneously form associations with two mycorrhizal types within a single root system. However, the dual-mycorrhizal status of many species is under discussion and in some plant species the simultaneous association with two mycorrhizal types varies in space or time or depends on the ecological context. Here, we assessed the mycorrhizal communities associating with common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), a small tree that commonly associates with AM fungi, and investigated the potential factors that underlie variation in mycorrhizal community composition. Histological staining of C. monogyna roots showed the presence of a Hartig net and hyphal sheaths in and around the roots, demonstrating the capacity of C. monogyna to form EcM. Meta-barcoding of soil and root samples of C. monogyna collected in AM-dominated grassland vegetation and in mixed AM + EcM forest vegetation showed a much higher number of EcM sequences and OTUs in root and soil samples from mixed AM + EcM vegetation than in samples from pure AM vegetation. We conclude that C. monogyna is able to form both AM and EcM, but that the extent to which it does depends on the environmental context, i.e., the mycorrhizal type of the surrounding vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Boeraeve
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ruben De Lange
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verbeken
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal tree communities have greater soil fungal diversity and relative abundances of saprotrophs and pathogens compared to ectomycorrhizal tree communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0178221. [PMID: 34669435 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01782-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trees associating with different mycorrhizas often differ in their effects on litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, and plant-soil interactions. For example, due to differences between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree leaf and root traits, ECM-associated soil has slower rates of C and N cycling and lower N availability compared to AM-associated soil. These observations suggest many groups of non-mycorrhizal fungi should be affected by the mycorrhizal associations of dominant trees through controls on nutrient availability. To test this overarching hypothesis, we explored the influence of predominant forest mycorrhizal type and mineral N availability on soil fungal communities using next-generation amplicon sequencing. Soils from four temperate hardwood forests in Southern Indiana, USA, were studied; three forests formed a natural gradient of mycorrhizal dominance (100% AM tree basal area - 100% ECM basal area), while the fourth forest contained a factorial experiment testing long-term N addition in both dominant mycorrhizal types. We found that overall fungal diversity, as well as the diversity and relative abundance of plant pathogenic and saprotrophic fungi, increased with greater AM tree dominance. Additionally, tree community mycorrhizal associations explained more variation in fungal community composition than abiotic variables, including soil depth, SOM content, nitrification rate, and mineral N availability. Our findings suggest that tree mycorrhizal associations may be good predictors of the diversity, composition, and functional potential of soil fungal communities in temperate hardwood forests. These observations help explain differing biogeochemistry and community dynamics found in forest stands dominated by differing mycorrhizal types. Importance Our work explores how differing mycorrhizal associations of temperate hardwood trees (i.e., arbuscular (AM) vs ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations) affect soil fungal communities by altering the diversity and relative abundance of saprotrophic and plant pathogenic fungi along natural gradients of mycorrhizal dominance. Because temperate hardwood forests are predicted to become more AM-dominant with climate change, studies examining soil communities along mycorrhizal gradients are necessary to understand how these global changes may alter future soil fungal communities and their functional potential. Ours, along with other recent studies, identify possible global trends in the frequency of specific fungal functional groups responsible for nutrient cycling and plant-soil interactions as they relate to mycorrhizal associations.
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Figueiredo AF, Boy J, Guggenberger G. Common Mycorrhizae Network: A Review of the Theories and Mechanisms Behind Underground Interactions. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:735299. [PMID: 37744156 PMCID: PMC10512311 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.735299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants establish symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi for accessing essential plant nutrients. Mycorrhizal fungi have been frequently reported to interconnect plants via a common mycelial network (CMN), in which nutrients and signaling compounds can be exchanged between the connected plants. Several studies have been performed to demonstrate the potential effects of the CMN mediating resource transfer and its importance for plant fitness. Due to several contrasting results, different theories have been developed to predict benefits or disadvantages for host plants involved in the network and how it might affect plant communities. However, the importance of the mycelium connections for resources translocation compared to other indirect pathways, such as leakage of fungi hyphae and subsequent uptake by neighboring plant roots, is hard to distinguish and quantify. If resources can be translocated via mycelial connections in significant amounts that could affect plant fitness, it would represent an important tactic for plants co-existence and it could shape community composition and dynamics. Here, we report and critically discuss the most recent findings on studies aiming to evaluate and quantify resources translocation between plants sharing a CMN and predict the pattern that drives the movement of such resources into the CMN. We aim to point gaps and define open questions to guide upcoming studies in the area for a prospect better understanding of possible plant-to-plant interactions via CMN and its effect in shaping plants communities. We also propose new experiment set-ups and technologies that could be used to improve previous experiments. For example, the use of mutant lines plants with manipulation of genes involved in the symbiotic associations, coupled with labeling techniques to track resources translocation between connected plants, could provide a more accurate idea about resource allocation and plant physiological responses that are truly accountable to CMN.
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