1
|
Oliver BG, Huang X, Yarak R, Bai X, Wang Q, Zakarya R, Reddy KD, Donovan C, Kim RY, Morkaya J, Wang B, Lung Chan Y, Saad S, Faiz A, Reyk DV, Verkhratsky A, Yi C, Chen H. Chronic maternal exposure to low-dose PM 2.5 impacts cognitive outcomes in a sex-dependent manner. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 191:108971. [PMID: 39180775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
There is no safe level of air pollution for human health. Traffic-related particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major in-utero toxin, mechanisms of action of which are not fully understood. BALB/c dams were exposed to an Australian level of traffic PM2.5 (5 µg/mouse/day, intranasal, 6 weeks before mating, during gestation and lactation). Male offspring had reduced memory in adulthood, whereas memory was normal in female littermates, similar to human responses. Maternal PM2.5 exposure resulted in oxidative stress and abnormal mitochondria in male, but not female, brains. RNA-sequencing analysis showed unique sex-related changes in newborn brains. Two X-chromosome-linked histone lysine demethylases, Kdm6a and Kdm5c, demonstrated higher expression in female compared to male littermates, in addition to upregulated genes with known functions to support mitochondrial function, synapse growth and maturation, cognitive function, and neuroprotection. No significant changes in Kdm6a and Kdm5c were found in male littermates, nor other genes, albeit significantly impaired memory function after birth. In primary foetal cortical neurons, PM2.5 exposure suppressed neuron and synaptic numbers and induced oxidative stress, which was prevented by upregulation of Kdm6a or Kdm5c. Therefore, timely epigenetic adaptation by histone demethylation to open DNA for translation before birth may be the key to protecting females against prenatal PM2.5 exposure-induced neurological disorders, which fail to occur in males associated with their poor cognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Rochelle Yarak
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Wang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Razia Zakarya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Karosham D Reddy
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - James Morkaya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Alen Faiz
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David van Reyk
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Yuan L, Wang F. Health outcomes of electronic cigarettes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1903-1911. [PMID: 38973260 PMCID: PMC11332784 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The usage of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) sparked an outbreak of unidentified vaping-related lung disease in the US during late 2019. With e-cigarettes becoming more and more popular, smokers have more options other than conventional cigarettes. Under these circumstances, a comprehensive evaluation of the general safety of new tobacco and tobacco-related products, represented by e-cigarettes, to human health is necessary. In this review, we summarize the current research on potential negative impacts of e-cigarette exposure on human health. In particular, studies detailing the relationship between e-cigarettes and the digestive system are summarized, with mechanisms mainly including hepatic metabolic dysfunction, impaired gut barrier, and worsened outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although believed to be safer than traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes exert adverse effects on systemic health and induce the development of multiple diseases including asthma, cardiovascular disease, and IBD. Moreover, nicotine-containing e-cigarettes have a negative impact on the childhood development and increase the risk of arterial stiffness compared to the non-nicotine e-cigarettes. However, non-nicotine e-cigarette components have detrimental effects including promoting liver damage and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lingzhi Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kishinchand R, Boyce M, Vyas H, Sewell L, Mohi A, Brengartner L, Miller R, Gorr MW, Wold LE, Cray J. In Utero Exposure to Maternal Electronic Nicotine Delivery System use Demonstrate Alterations to Craniofacial Development. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:1389-1397. [PMID: 36916055 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231163400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop a model for the study of Electronic Nicotine Device (ENDS) exposure on craniofacial development. DESIGN Experimental preclinical design followed as pregnant murine dams were randomized and exposed to filtered air exposure, carrier exposure consisting of 50% volume of propylene glycol and vegetable glycine (ENDS Carrier) respectively, or carrier exposure with 20 mg/ml of nicotine added to the liquid vaporizer (ENDS carrier with nicotine). SETTING Preclinical murine model exposure using the SciReq exposure system. PARTICIPANTS C57BL6 adult 8 week old female pregnant mice and exposed in utero litters. INTERVENTIONS Exposure to control filtered air, ENDS carrier or ENDS carrier with nicotine added throughout gestation at 1 puff/minute, 4 h/day, five days a week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cephalometric measures of post-natal day 15 pups born as exposed litters. RESULTS Data suggests alterations to several facial morphology parameters in the developing offspring, suggesting electronic nicotine device systems may alter facial growth if used during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Future research should concentrate on varied formulations and exposure regimens of ENDS to determine timing windows of exposures and ENDS formulations that may be harmful to craniofacial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kishinchand
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark Boyce
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Heema Vyas
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Leslie Sewell
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amr Mohi
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lexie Brengartner
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Roy Miller
- School of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew W Gorr
- School of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- School of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - James Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang D, Jeong H, Kim MS, Oh SI, Lee K, Kim JW, Kim B. Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure sensitizes acetaminophen-induced liver injury by modulating miR-34a-5p in male offspring mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1393618. [PMID: 39139452 PMCID: PMC11319911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1393618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cigarette smoke (CS) exacerbates the severity of diseases not only in lungs, but also in systemic organs having no direct contact with smoke. In addition, smoking during pregnancy can have severe health consequences for both the mother and the fetus. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate effects of prenatal exposure to CS on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in offspring. Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice on day 6 of gestation were exposed to mainstream CS (MSCS) at 0, 150, 300, or 600 μg/L for 2 h a day, 5 days a week for 2 weeks using a nose-only exposure system. At four weeks old, male offspring mice were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of APAP at 300 mg/kg body weight to induce ALI. Results: Maternal MSCS exposure significantly amplified pathological effects associated with ALI as evidenced by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels, increased hepatocellular apoptosis, higher oxidative stress, and increased inflammation. Interestingly, maternal MSCS exposure reduced microRNA (miR)-34a-5p expression in livers of offspring. Moreover, treatment with a miR-34a-5p mimic significantly mitigated the severity of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Overexpression of miR-34a-5p completely abrogated adverse effects of maternal MSCS exposure in offspring with ALI. Mechanistically, miR-34a-5p significantly decreased expression levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, leading to down-regulated expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2 and CYP3A11. Discussion: Prenatal exposure to MSCS can alter the expression of miRNAs, even in the absence of additional MSCS exposure, potentially increasing susceptibility to APAP exposure in male offspring mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daram Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuneui Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ndeke JM, Klaunig JE, Commodore S. Nicotine or marijuana vaping exposure during pregnancy and altered immune responses in offspring. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 2024; 3:10.20517/jeea.2024.03. [PMID: 38840831 PMCID: PMC11152453 DOI: 10.20517/jeea.2024.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) - which include electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes, or simply e-cigs, and marijuana vaping have become increasingly popular. ENDS devices have been established as one of the tobacco quit methods and promoted to be safer compared to traditional tobacco cigarettes. Emerging evidence demonstrates that e-cigarette and marijuana vape use can be harmful, with potential associations with cancer. Herein, we summarize the level of evidence to date for altered immune response, with a focus on cancer risks in the offspring after maternal use of, or aerosol exposures from, ENDS or marijuana vape during pregnancy. From 27 published articles retrieved from PubMed, we sought to find out identified carcinogens in ENDS aerosols and marijuana vapor, which cross the placental barrier and can increase cancer risk in the offspring. Carcinogens in vaping aerosols include aldehydes, metals, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, tobacco alkaloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Additionally, there was only one passive vaping exposure case study on a human fetus, which noted that glycerol, aluminum, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, and lead crossed from the mother to the offspring's cord blood. The carcinogens (metals) in that study were at lower concentrations compared to the mother's biological matrices. Lastly, we observed that in utero exposures to ENDS-associated chemicals can occur in vital organs such as the lungs, kidneys, brain, bladder, and heart. Any resulting DNA damage increases the risk of tumorigenesis. Future epidemiological studies are needed to examine the effects of passive aerosol exposures from existing and emerging electronic nicotine and marijuana products on developing offspring to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas M. Ndeke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - James E. Klaunig
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Sarah Commodore
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hussen E, Aakel N, Shaito AA, Al-Asmakh M, Abou-Saleh H, Zakaria ZZ. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) as a Model for the Study of Developmental and Cardiovascular Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:194. [PMID: 38203365 PMCID: PMC10779276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as an alternative to conventional tobacco products has raised concerns regarding their potential adverse effects. The cardiovascular system undergoes intricate processes forming the heart and blood vessels during fetal development. However, the precise impact of e-cigarette smoke and aerosols on these delicate developmental processes remains elusive. Previous studies have revealed changes in gene expression patterns, disruptions in cellular signaling pathways, and increased oxidative stress resulting from e-cigarette exposure. These findings indicate the potential for e-cigarettes to cause developmental and cardiovascular harm. This comprehensive review article discusses various aspects of electronic cigarette use, emphasizing the relevance of cardiovascular studies in Zebrafish for understanding the risks to human health. It also highlights novel experimental approaches and technologies while addressing their inherent challenges and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hussen
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Nada Aakel
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.A.); (M.A.-A.); (H.A.-S.)
| | - Abdullah A. Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.A.); (M.A.-A.); (H.A.-S.)
| | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.A.); (M.A.-A.); (H.A.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Zain Z. Zakaria
- Medical and Health Sciences Office, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Popham K, Kandasamy Y. The impact of smoking and nicotine exposure during pregnancy on fetal nephrogenesis: a systematic review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:559-569. [PMID: 37969035 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of smoking and nicotine exposure during pregnancy on fetal nephrogenesis is a growing area of research. The objective of this systematic review is to summarise the current evidence in this research field. Our literature search identified a total of 415 articles from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane. After electronic sorting and manual screening, 18 eligible articles were found, 6 being human studies and 12 being animal studies. Articles that did not study nicotine or smoking, did not focus on fetal kidney development, or did not include nicotine or smoking exposure during pregnancy were excluded from the systematic review. The main outcomes of the studies were kidney weight, volume and size, kidney histopathology and morphology, and kidney function. Evidence from human studies identified a reduction in fetal kidney size, volume, and weight in offspring exposed to smoking during pregnancy; and the greatest impact was seen in offspring exposed to >5-10 cigarettes per day. Animal studies investigated kidney histopathology and highlighted kidney injury and microscopic changes in response to nicotine exposure during pregnancy. Further research is required to determine the impact on kidney function. Recreational nicotine use is evolving, and with the increasing use of urine cotinine in the evaluation of nicotine exposure, further research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Popham
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Yogavijayan Kandasamy
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Department of Neonatology, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Archie SR, Sifat AE, Mara D, Ahn Y, Akter KA, Zhang Y, Cucullo L, Abbruscato TJ. Impact of in-utero electronic cigarette exposure on neonatal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1227145. [PMID: 37693917 PMCID: PMC10484598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1227145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the prevalence of the perception that electronic cigarettes (e-cig) are a safer alternative to tobacco smoke, growing concern about their potential toxic impact warrants adequate investigation focusing on special populations like maternal and pediatric groups. This study evaluated the consequences of maternal e-cig use on neonatal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in primary cultured neurons and postnatal day (PD) 7 and 90 brain. Methodology: Pregnant CD1 mice were exposed to e-cig vapor (2.4% nicotine) from gestational day 5 (E5) till PD7, and the primary neurons were isolated from pups at E16/17. Cellular total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide were measured in primary neurons using CM-H2DCFDA and Mitosox red, respectively. Mitochondrial function was assessed by Seahorse XF Cell Mitostress analysis. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured in primary neurons and PD7 and PD90 brains by RT-PCR and immunobead assay. Western blot analysis evaluated the expression of antioxidative markers (SOD-2, HO-1, NRF2, NQO1) and that of the proinflammatory modulator NF-κB. Results: Significantly higher level of total cellular ROS (p < 0.05) and mitochondrial superoxide (p < 0.01) was observed in prenatally e-cig-exposed primary neurons. We also observed significantly reduced antioxidative marker expression and increased proinflammatory modulator and cytokines expression in primary neurons and PD7 (p < 0.05) but not in PD90 postnatal brain. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that prenatal e-cig exposure induces postnatal neuroinflammation by promoting oxidative stress (OS), increasing cytokines' levels, and disrupting mitochondrial function. These damaging events can alter the fetal brain's immune functions, making such offspring more vulnerable to brain insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rahman Archie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - David Mara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Yeseul Ahn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Khondker Ayesha Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Thomas J. Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng M, Bai X, Thorpe AE, Nguyen LT, Wang M, Oliver BG, Chou ASY, Pollock CA, Saad S, Chen H. Effect of E-Vaping on Kidney Health in Mice Consuming a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:3140. [PMID: 37513558 PMCID: PMC10384319 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption and tobacco smoking are risk factors for chronic kidney disease. E-cigarettes have gained significant popularity among younger populations worldwide, especially among overweight individuals. It is unclear whether vaping interacts with HFD consumption to impact renal health. In this study, Balb/c mice (male, 7 weeks old) were fed a pellet HFD (43% fat, 20 kJ/g) for 16 weeks when exposed to nicotine or nicotine-free e-vapour from weeks 11 to 16. While HFD alone increased collagen Ia and IV depositions, it did not cause significant oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the kidney itself. On the other hand, e-vapour exposure alone increased oxidative stress and damaged DNA and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes without significant impact on fibrotic markers. However, the combination of nicotine e-vapour and HFD increased inflammatory responses, oxidative stress-induced DNA injury, and pro-fibrotic markers, suggesting accelerated development of renal pathology. Nicotine-free e-vapour exposure and HFD consumption suppressed the production of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes and extracellular matrix protein deposition, which may cause structural instability that can interrupt normal kidney function in the future. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that a HFD combined with e-cigarette vapour exposure, especially when containing nicotine, can increase susceptibility to kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Xu Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Andrew E Thorpe
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Long The Nguyen
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Angela S Y Chou
- NSW Health Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chhor M, Tulpar E, Nguyen T, Cranfield CG, Gorrie CA, Chan YL, Chen H, Oliver BG, McClements L, McGrath KC. E-Cigarette Aerosol Condensate Leads to Impaired Coronary Endothelial Cell Health and Restricted Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076378. [PMID: 37047355 PMCID: PMC10094580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoking being a major preventable risk factor. Smoking cessation can be difficult due to the addictive nature of nicotine and the withdrawal symptoms following cessation. Electronic cigarettes (e-Cigs) have emerged as an alternative smoking cessation device, which has been increasingly used by non-smokers; however, the cardiovascular effects surrounding the use of e-Cigs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of e-Cig aerosol condensate (EAC) (0 mg and 18 mg nicotine) in vitro on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and in vivo on the cardiovascular system using a mouse model of ‘e-vaping’. In vitro results show a decrease in cell viability of HCAEC when exposed to EAC either directly or after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (p < 0.05 vs. control). Reactive oxygen species were increased in HCAEC when exposed to EAC directly or after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (p < 0.0001 vs. control). ICAM-1 protein expression levels were increased after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (18 mg vs. control, p < 0.01). Ex vivo results show an increase in the mRNA levels of anti-angiogenic marker, FKBPL (p < 0.05 vs. sham), and endothelial cell adhesion molecule involved in barrier function, ICAM-1 (p < 0.05 vs. sham) in murine hearts following exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol treatment containing a higher amount of nicotine. Immunohistochemistry also revealed an upregulation of FKBPL and ICAM-1 protein expression levels. This study showed that despite e-Cigs being widely used for tobacco smoking cessation, these can negatively impact endothelial cell health with a potential to lead to the development of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chhor
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Esra Tulpar
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Tara Nguyen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Charles G. Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Catherine A. Gorrie
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (K.C.M.)
| | - Kristine C. McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (K.C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin SY, Wang L, Zhou W, Kitsantas P, Wen X, Xue H. E-cigarette use during pregnancy and its association with adverse birth outcomes in the US. Prev Med 2023; 166:107375. [PMID: 36481272 PMCID: PMC9888444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of e-cigarette use among young adults is a growing concern. However, little is known about factors associated with e-cigarette use in pregnant women and birth outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the influence of several factors on behavioral changes in e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy, and assessed the association between e-cigarette use and subsequent birth outcomes among pregnant women. The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, a government-sponsored national longitudinal study based in the US, Waves 1 through 4 (2013-2018) were used. Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to estimate behavioral changes in e-cigarette use during pregnancy and subsequent influence on high-risk birth (e.g., preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defects, etc.) and fetal death. Although pregnant women who quit vaping before pregnancy (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.54-2.40) or had any use during pregnancy (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 0.38-3.73) showed non-differential risk of having a high-risk birth in comparison to women who did not initiate vaping, we observed that the usage of mint/menthol flavor was correlated with higher risk of fetus death (OR = 3.27, 95% CI 1.17-9.19). Healthcare providers should encourage e-cigarette users to quit prior to and during early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Yu Lin
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Weiyu Zhou
- Department of Statistics, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Panagiota Kitsantas
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sex-Dependent Responses to Maternal Exposure to PM2.5 in the Offspring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112255. [PMID: 36421441 PMCID: PMC9686974 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) can cross the blood-placental barrier causing adverse foetal outcomes. However, the impact of maternal exposure to low-levels of PM2.5 on liver health and the metabolic profile is unclear. This study aimed to investigate hepatic responses to long-term gestational low-dose PM2.5 exposure, and whether the removal of PM after conception can prevent such effects. Method: Female Balb/c mice (8 weeks) were exposed to PM2.5 (5 μg/day) for 6 weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation to model living in a polluted environment (PM group). In a sub-group, PM2.5 exposure was stopped post-conception to model mothers moving to areas with clean air (pre-gestation, Pre) group. Livers were studied in 13-week old offspring. Results: Female offspring in both PM and Pre groups had increased liver triglyceride and glycogen levels, glucose intolerance, but reduced serum insulin and insulin resistance. Male offspring from only the Pre group had increased liver and serum triglycerides, increased liver glycogen, glucose intolerance and higher fasting glucose level. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were increased in females from PM and Pre groups. There was also a significant sex difference in the hepatic response to PM2.5 with differential changes in several metabolic markers identified by proteomic analysis. Conclusions: Maternal PM exposure exerted sex-dependent effects on liver health with more severe impacts on females. The removal of PM2.5 during gestation provided limited protection in the offspring’s metabolism regardless of sex.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen H, Oliver BG, Pant A, Olivera A, Poronnik P, Pollock CA, Saad S. Effects of air pollution on human health - Mechanistic evidence suggested by in vitro and in vivo modelling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113378. [PMID: 35525290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) comprises both solid and liquid particles, including carbon, sulphates, nitrate, and toxic heavy metals, which can induce oxidative stress and inflammation after inhalation. These changes occur both in the lung and systemically, due to the ability of the small-sized PM (i.e. diameters ≤2.5 μm, PM2.5) to enter and circulate in the bloodstream. As such, in 2016, airborne PM caused ∼4.2 million premature deaths worldwide. Acute exposure to high levels of airborne PM (eg. during wildfires) can exacerbate pre-existing illnesses leading to hospitalisation, such as in those with asthma and coronary heart disease. Prolonged exposure to PM can increase the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases affecting the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney, although the latter is less well studied. Given the breadth of potential disease, it is critical to understand the mechanisms underlying airborne PM exposure-induced disorders. Establishing aetiology in humans is difficult, therefore, in-vitro and in-vivo studies can provide mechanistic insights. We describe acute health effects (e.g. exacerbations of asthma) and long term health effects such as the induction of chronic inflammatory lung disease, and effects outside the lung (e.g. liver and renal change). We will focus on oxidative stress and inflammation as this is the common mechanism of PM-induced disease, which may be used to develop effective treatments to mitigate the adverse health effect of PM exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Anushriya Pant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annabel Olivera
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip Poronnik
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elsden E, Bu F, Fancourt D, Mak HW. Frequency of leisure activity engagement and health functioning over a 4-year period: a population-based study amongst middle-aged adults. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1275. [PMID: 35773655 PMCID: PMC9248182 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Leisure activities have wide-ranging benefits for physical and mental health. However, previous studies have often focused on "leisure" as a homogeneous group of activities. This study was therefore designed to take a prospective and comparative approach exploring different types of leisure activities, as well as investigating whether frequency of engagement is associated with strength of benefits. METHOD Data from the 1970 British Cohort Study Waves 9 (age 42) and 10 (age 46) were analysed (N = 5,639). Eight domains derived from the SF-36 health survey questionnaire were used to measure health functioning (general health, vitality, bodily pain, social functioning, physical functioning, mental health, role limitations due to emotional, and role limitations due to physical problems). Leisure activities included physical activity, culture engagement, arts participation, volunteering or community engagement, and literature activities. Both ordinary least squares and logistic regressions were applied. RESULTS Physical activity was associated with greater levels of physical functioning, general health, and vitality at higher frequencies, while cultural engagement was associated with social functioning and physical functioning when engaged in several times a year. Arts participation and literature activities had a general negative association with health functioning. Engagements in volunteering/community groups showed varying associations with health functioning (both positive and negative) depending on the levels of engagements. CONCLUSION This research suggests that the types of leisure activities and levels of engagement can have differential associations with health amongst middle-aged adults. This may be helpful for public health initiatives and programmes such as social prescribing schemes when formulating programmes, especially regarding 'dosage' of engagement. Further, the overall benefits of high engagement frequency suggest that increasing leisure engagement could play an important role in supporting improving health and wellbeing at a population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esme Elsden
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, England
| | - Feifei Bu
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, England
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, England
| | - Hei Wan Mak
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, England.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Raja A, Zelikoff JT, Jaimes EA. A contemporary review of nephrotoxicity and e-cigarette use. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
The use of electronic (e)-cigarettes was initially considered a beneficial solution to conventional cigarette smoking cessation. However, paradoxically, e-cigarette use is rapidly growing among nonsmokers, including youth and young adults. In 2019, this rapid growth resulted in an epidemic of hospitalizations and deaths of e-cigarette users (vapers) due to acute lung injury; this novel disease was termed e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Pathophysiologic mechanisms of EVALI likely involve cytotoxicity and neutrophilic inflammation caused by inhaled chemicals, but further details remain unknown. The undiscovered mechanisms of EVALI are a barrier to identifying biomarkers and developing therapeutics. Furthermore, adverse effects of e-cigarette use have been linked to chronic lung diseases and systemic effects on multiple organs. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the diverse spectrum of vaping exposures, epidemiological and clinical reports, and experimental findings to provide a better understanding of EVALI and the adverse health effects of chronic e-cigarette exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; .,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Römer P, Putzer AG, Kemmerich R, Mathes B. Effects of Prenatal Electronic Cigarette Exposure On Foetal Development: a Review of the Literature. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2021; 81:1224-1237. [PMID: 34754272 PMCID: PMC8568504 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their market launch in 2007, e-cigarettes gained popularity and were considered a relatively safe alternative to traditional cigarettes. Pregnant women and women of childbearing age in particular are increasingly turning to e-cigarettes. Little is known about the effects of prenatal exposure on the affected foetus. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current research on the effects of prenatal e-cigarette exposure on the foetus. Since studies in humans are lacking to date, this review refers only to animal and in vitro analyses. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were used for an extensive literature search. The search yielded N = 17 significant research papers. Possible sequelae resulting from prenatal exposure to traditional cigarettes were also seen in prenatal exposure to e-cigarettes. Prenatal e-cigarette exposure was found to be associated with increased DNA methylation overall, resulting in lower gene expression. This could adversely impact the development of affected children, especially in case of those genes relevant to their development. In mice, for example, this greatly reduced the cell vitality of neural and stem cells and increased cell death. Further, prenatal exposure to e-cigarettes resulted in numerous developmental disorders, such as malformations of facial morphology and lower birth weight. Moreover, in animal models the animals suffered from a deterioration of their short-term memory. Activity and cognitive flexibility increased, while anxiety behaviour decreased. It is clear that more research and especially studies of humans are needed on this issue. In addition, there is a need for more intense education of prenatal care professionals as well as women of childbearing age and during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Römer
- Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Amanda Goméz Putzer
- Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Robin Kemmerich
- Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Birgit Mathes
- Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hsu CN, Tain YL. The First Thousand Days: Kidney Health and Beyond. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1332. [PMID: 34683012 PMCID: PMC8544398 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising. A superior strategy to advance global kidney health is required to prevent and treat CKD early. Kidney development can be impacted during the first 1000 days of life by numerous factors, including malnutrition, maternal illness, exposure to chemicals, substance abuse, medication use, infection, and exogenous stress. In the current review, we summarize environmental risk factors reported thus far in clinical and experimental studies relating to the programming of kidney disease, and systematize the knowledge on common mechanisms underlying renal programming. The aim of this review is to discuss the primary and secondary prevention actions for enhancing kidney health from pregnancy to age 2. The final task is to address the potential interventions to target renal programming through updating animal studies. Together, we can enhance the future of global kidney health in the first 1000 days of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prasad KN, Bondy SC. Electronic cigarette aerosol increases the risk of organ dysfunction by enhancing oxidative stress and inflammation. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2561-2567. [PMID: 34474637 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1972680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An electronic cigarette is a rechargeable device that produces an inhaled aerosol containing varying levels of nicotine, and inorganic and organic toxicants and carcinogenic compounds. The aerosol is generated by heating a solution of propylene glycol and glycerin with nicotine and flavoring ingredients at a high temperature. The e-cigarette was developed and marketed as a safer alternative to the regular cigarette which is known to be injurious to human health. However, published studies suggest that the aerosol of e-cigarette can also have adverse health effects. The main objective of this review is to briefly describe some consequences of e-cigarette smoking, and to present data showing that the resulting increased oxidative stress and inflammation are likely to be involved in effecting to lung damage. Other organs are also likely to be affected. The aerosol contains varying amounts of organic and inorganic toxicants as well as carcinogens, which might serve as the source of such deleterious events. In addition, the aerosol also contains nicotine, which is known to be addictive. E-cigarette smoking releases these toxicants into the air leading to inhalation by nonsmokers in residential or work place areas. Unlike regular tobacco smoke, the long-term consequences of direct and secondhand exposure to e-cigarette aerosol have not been extensively studied but based on available data, e-cigarette aerosol should be considered harmful to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen C Bondy
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
DeVito EE, Fagle T, Allen AM, Pang RD, Petersen N, Smith PH, Weinberger AH. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use and Pregnancy II: Perinatal Outcomes Following ENDS Use During Pregnancy. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021; 8:366-379. [PMID: 35368552 PMCID: PMC8974704 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review examines the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes following electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use during pregnancy, and considers whether there are sufficient data to support ENDS as a harm reduction approach during pregnancy. Recent Findings Seven papers assessed perinatal outcomes following ENDS use during pregnancy. There was evidence that ENDS use was associated with increased risk for some adverse perinatal outcomes (e.g., small for gestational age). However, the repeated use of data sets, insufficient data (e.g., timing of ENDS use, type of ENDS products used), and limited samples size, contributed to mixed findings on the degree to which ENDS use (alone or in combination with combustible cigarettes (CC)) impacts the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes relative to CC smoking alone. Summary The current data are still insufficient to support ENDS as a harm reduction approach, though findings do warrant concern and more detailed investigation of ENDS use during pregnancy. Future research directions, as well as implications for clinical recommendations and tobacco regulatory science are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise E. DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tessa Fagle
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alicia M. Allen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine – Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip H. Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University and Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dobbs PD, Branscum P, Cohn AM, Tackett AP, Comiford AL. Pregnant Smokers' Intention to Switch From Cigarettes to E-Cigarettes: A Reasoned Action Approach. Womens Health Issues 2021; 31:540-549. [PMID: 34452825 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study used the reasoned action approach (RAA) to examine 1) factors associated with pregnant smokers' intention to switch from cigarettes to e-cigarettes and 2) the influence that intention to switch had on future expectations to resume cigarette use postpartum. METHODS U.S. pregnant women (N = 267) who reported past 30-day use of cigarettes completed an online cross-sectional survey between November and December 2019. A 30-item scale measured RAA constructs (intention, instrumental attitudes, experiential attitudes, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, perceived autonomy, and perceived capacity). A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed and structural equation modeling tested the RAA constructs' association with intention to switch and the relationship between intention to switch and future expectations to resume smoking after pregnancy. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the seven-factor measurement model. Structural equation modeling found instrumental attitudes (β = 0.43; p < .001) and descriptive norms (β = 0.53; p < .001) were associated with intention to switch from cigarettes to e-cigarettes. However, there were differences between the constructs' relationships with intention between those who did and did not use e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. Intention to switch was inversely related with future expectations to resume smoking postpartum (β = -0.13; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study examined multiple facets of behavioral decision-making that may influence pregnant smokers' intention to switch to e-cigarettes during pregnancy. In this sample, pregnant people who believed switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes was important and that other smokers commonly switched during pregnancy reported greater intention to switch. Novel theories, such as the RAA, may provide an optimal lens to understand pregnant smokers' behavioral decision-making process as they consider switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Page D Dobbs
- Health, Human Performance and Recreation Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; Health and Exercise Science Department, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.
| | - Paul Branscum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Amy M Cohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Alayna P Tackett
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Regan AK, Bombard JM, O'Hegarty MM, Smith RA, Tong VT. Adverse Birth Outcomes Associated With Prepregnancy and Prenatal Electronic Cigarette Use. Obstet Gynecol 2021; 138:85-94. [PMID: 34259468 PMCID: PMC10896115 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of adverse birth outcomes among adults who use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) before and during pregnancy. METHODS Data from the 2016-2018 PRAMS (Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System) were used to assess the association between e-cigarette use during the 3 months before and last 3 months of pregnancy among 79,176 individuals with a recent live birth and the following birth outcomes: preterm birth, small for gestational age, and low birth weight (LBW). Adjusted prevalence ratios were generated using average marginal predictions from multivariable logistic regression models. Models were stratified by prenatal combustible cigarette smoking and frequency of e-cigarette use (daily or less than daily use). RESULTS In the 3 months before pregnancy, 2.7% (95% CI 2.6-2.9%) of respondents used e-cigarettes; 1.1% (95% CI 1.0-1.2%) used e-cigarettes during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Electronic cigarette use before pregnancy was not associated with adverse birth outcomes. Electronic cigarette use during pregnancy was associated with increased prevalence of LBW compared with nonuse (8.1% vs 6.1%; adjusted prevalence ratio 1.33; 95% CI 1.06-1.66). Among respondents who did not also smoke combustible cigarettes during pregnancy (n=72,256), e-cigarette use was associated with higher prevalence of LBW (10.6%; adjusted prevalence ratio 1.88; 95% CI 1.38-2.57) and preterm birth (12.4%; adjusted prevalence ratio 1.69; 95% CI 1.20-2.39). When further stratified by frequency of e-cigarette use, associations were seen only for daily users. CONCLUSION E-cigarette use during pregnancy, particularly when used daily by individuals who do not also smoke combustible cigarettes, is associated with adverse birth outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Regan
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; the Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, and the School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and the Division of Reproductive Health, the Office on Smoking and Health, and the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Regan AK, Pereira G. Patterns of combustible and electronic cigarette use during pregnancy and associated pregnancy outcomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13508. [PMID: 34188127 PMCID: PMC8241992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pregnant smokers may perceive electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as safe alternatives to smoking combustible cigarettes, few studies have evaluated perinatal e-cigarette use and its associated health effects. We analyzed data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS, 2016-2018) for 16,022 women who recently gave birth and reported smoking combustible cigarettes prior to pregnancy. Using average marginal predictive values from multivariable logistic regression to produce adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs), we estimated the prevalence of combustible cigarette smoking during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes associated with e-cigarette use. In total, 14.8% of smoking women reported using e-cigarettes prior to pregnancy. There was no association between e-cigarette use prior to pregnancy and combustible cigarette smoking during pregnancy (aPR 0.95; 95% CI 0.88, 1.02); however, e-cigarette use during pregnancy was associated with higher prevalence of combustible cigarette smoking during pregnancy (aPR 1.65; 95% CI 1.52, 1.80). In this sample, we did not observe evidence to support reduced risk of preterm birth, small-for-gestational age and low birthweight compared to combustible cigarette smoking during pregnancy. The prevalence of LBW was higher for those who used e-cigarettes, even exclusively, compared to women who quit smoking cigarettes entirely. These results suggest that e-cigarettes should not be considered a safe alternative to combustible cigarette smoking during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Regan
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Gavin Pereira
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen H, Oliver BG, Pant A, Olivera A, Poronnik P, Pollock CA, Saad S. Particulate Matter, an Intrauterine Toxin Affecting Foetal Development and Beyond. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050732. [PMID: 34066412 PMCID: PMC8148178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is the 9th cause of the overall disease burden globally. The solid component in the polluted air, particulate matters (PMs) with a diameter of 2.5 μm or smaller (PM2.5) possess a significant health risk to several organ systems. PM2.5 has also been shown to cross the blood–placental barrier and circulate in foetal blood. Therefore, it is considered an intrauterine environmental toxin. Exposure to PM2.5 during the perinatal period, when the foetus is particularly susceptible to developmental defects, has been shown to reduce birth weight and cause preterm birth, with an increase in adult disease susceptibility in the offspring. However, few studies have thoroughly studied the health outcome of foetuses due to intrauterine exposure and the underlying mechanisms. This perspective summarises currently available evidence, which suggests that intrauterine exposure to PM2.5 promotes oxidative stress and inflammation in a similar manner as occurs in response to direct PM exposure. Oxidative stress and inflammation are likely to be the common mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of multiple systems, offering potential targets for preventative strategies in pregnant mothers for an optimal foetal outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Anushriya Pant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Annabel Olivera
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Philip Poronnik
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen H, Wang B, Li G, Steele JR, Stayte S, Vissel B, Chan YL, Yi C, Saad S, Machaalani R, Oliver BG. Brain health is independently impaired by E-vaping and high-fat diet. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 92:57-66. [PMID: 33221488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and high-fat diet (HFD) independently impair short-term memory. E-cigarettes produce e-vapour containing flavourings and nicotine. Here, we investigated whether e-vapour inhalation interacts with HFD to affect short-term memory and neural integrity. Balb/c mice (7 weeks, male) were fed a HFD (43% fat, 20 kJ/g) for 16 weeks. In the last 6 weeks, half of the mice were exposed to tobacco-flavoured e-vapour from nicotine-containing (18 mg/L) or nicotine-free (0 mg/L) e-fluids twice daily. Short-term memory function was measured in week 15. HFD alone did not impair memory function, but increased brain phosphorylated (p)-Tau and astrogliosis marker, while neuron and microglia levels were decreased. E-vapour exposure significantly impaired short-term memory function independent of diet and nicotine. Nicotine free e-vapour induced greater changes compared to the nicotine e-vapour and included, increased systemic cytokines, increased brain p-Tau and decreased postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95 levels in chow-fed mice, and decreased astrogliosis marker, increased microglia and increased glycogen synthase kinase levels in HFD-fed mice. Increased hippocampal apoptosis was also differentially observed in chow and HFD mice. In conclusion, E-vapour exposure impaired short-term memory independent of diet and nicotine, and was correlated to increased systemic inflammation, reduced PSD-95 level and increased astrogliosis in chow-fed mice, but decreased gliosis and increased microglia in HFD-fed mice, indicating the inflammatory nature of e-vapour leading to short term memory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Joel R Steele
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sandy Stayte
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Health Network Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Health Network Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Chenju Yi
- Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Rita Machaalani
- SIDS and Sleep Apnea Laboratory, Sydney Medical School (Central), University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2037, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mescolo F, Ferrante G, La Grutta S. Effects of E-Cigarette Exposure on Prenatal Life and Childhood Respiratory Health: A Review of Current Evidence. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:711573. [PMID: 34513764 PMCID: PMC8430837 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.711573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, widespread use of E-cigarettes (EC) has occurred all over the world. Whereas, a large amount of evidence on harm to children from conventional cigarette exposure is available, data on health effects in this population throughout different vulnerability windows are still a matter of concern. Exposure to EC during pregnancy may compromise placental function, resulting in fetal structural abnormalities. Specifically, this may cause physio-pathologic changes in the developing lung, which in turn may impair respiratory health later in life. Furthermore, there is evidence that using EC can cause both short- and long-term respiratory problems in the pediatric population and there is great concern for future young people with nicotine addiction. The low parental perception of the risks connected to EC exposure for children increases their susceptibility to harmful effects from passive vaping. This minireview aims to summarize the current evidence focusing on: (i) prenatal effects of EC passive exposure; (ii) post-natal respiratory effects of EC exposure in youth; (iii) parental attitudes toward EC use and perception of children's health risks connected to EC exposure; and (iv) addressing gaps in our current evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mescolo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrante
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kaur G, Gaurav A, Lamb T, Perkins M, Muthumalage T, Rahman I. Current Perspectives on Characteristics, Compositions, and Toxicological Effects of E-Cigarettes Containing Tobacco and Menthol/Mint Flavors. Front Physiol 2020; 11:613948. [PMID: 33329065 PMCID: PMC7710937 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.613948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems/devices (ENDS) such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been made available globally, with the intent to reduce tobacco smoking. To make these products more appealing to young adults, many brands have added flavoring agents. However, these flavoring agents are shown to progressively result in lung toxicity when inhaled via e-cigarettes. While recent federal regulations have banned the sale of flavored e-cigarettes other than tobacco or menthol flavors, concerns have been raised about the health effects of even these flavors. In this review, we evaluate the current toxicological data with regard to effects upon exposure in animal models and in vitro cell culture for these popular flavorants. We have tabulated the current e-cigarette products containing these most common flavors (menthol, mint, and tobacco) in the market. We have also indicated the prevalence of tobacco and menthol-flavor use among e-cigarette users and highlighted the possible challenges and benefits that will result from new federal regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurjot Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Anshuman Gaurav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Thomas Lamb
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Melanie Perkins
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dobbs PD, Lu Y, Maness S, Coleman L, Johnson A, Metz S, Vidal C, Cheney MK. Gestational Women's Perceptions About the Harms of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use During Pregnancy. Matern Child Health J 2020; 25:1209-1220. [PMID: 33190194 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine differences between perceived harm of cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use while pregnant and differences between healthcare providers' communication about these products during pregnancy. METHODS A convenience sample of gestational women (n = 218; ages 18-45) living in the US completed an online survey between May and December 2017. Participants reported perceived likelihood of adverse health outcomes (e.g., low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome) among infants/children born to mothers who used cigarettes/e-cigarettes. T-tests and two-way ANOVAs examined differences between risk perceptions of using cigarettes/e-cigarettes while pregnant based on pregnancy status (previously pregnant, currently pregnant, future pregnant). Chi-square analyses examined differences between healthcare provider communication about cigarette/e-cigarette use during pregnancy. RESULTS Overall, participants believed adverse health outcomes were significantly more likely to be caused by maternal use of cigarettes than e-cigarettes. Participants who planned to be pregnant reported higher endorsement that smoking combustible cigarettes would cause a miscarriage (p < .05) or increased blood pressure (p < .05) for a child than currently pregnant participants. Participants reported healthcare providers asked about (p < .05), advised them not to use (p < .001), and talked to them about health effects of smoking combustible cigarettes while pregnant (p < .001) significantly more than e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthcare providers working with pregnant women should perform the 5As behavioral intervention method to provide pregnant women with tobacco cessation care. They should also discuss the absolute harm nicotine exposure (via cigarettes or e-cigarettes) can have on fetal health and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Page D Dobbs
- Health, Human Performance and Recreation Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA. .,Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Arkansas, 308 HPER Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, 1401 Asp Ave, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Sarah Maness
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, 1401 Asp Ave, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Lois Coleman
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, 1401 Asp Ave, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Aleyah Johnson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, 1401 Asp Ave, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Samantha Metz
- Seven Valley Health Coalition, 10 Kennedy Parkway, Cortland, NY, 13045, USA
| | - Charlie Vidal
- Puerto Rico Public Health Association, New York, USA
| | - Marshall K Cheney
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, 1401 Asp Ave, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li G, Chan YL, Wang B, Saad S, Oliver BG, Chen H. Replacing smoking with vaping during pregnancy: Impacts on metabolic health in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:293-299. [PMID: 32750443 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a significant risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases. Due to social pressures to quit smoking, many pregnant women are vaping as an alternative nicotine source. However, the metabolic consequences of replacing tobacco cigarettes with e-cigarettes during pregnancy are unknown. Therefore, in the mothers and their offspring, we investigated the metabolic and hepatic impacts of replacing cigarette smoke with e-vapour during pregnancy. Female BALB/c mice were either air-exposed or cigarette smoke-exposed (SE) from six weeks before pregnancy until lactation. At mating, a subset of the SE mice were instead exposed to e-vapour. Markers of glucose and lipid metabolism were measured in the livers and plasma, from the mothers and their male offspring (13 weeks). In the SE mothers, plasma insulin levels were reduced, leading to downstream increases in hepatic gluconeogenesis and plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). In the e-vapour replacement mothers, these changes were not as significant. In the SE offspring, there was impaired glucose tolerance, and increased plasma NEFA and liver triglyceride concentrations. E-vapour replacement restored lipid homeostasis but did not improve glucose tolerance. Therefore, in a murine model, low dose e-cigarette replacement during pregnancy is less toxic than cigarette smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Yik L Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li G, Chan YL, Wang B, Saad S, George J, Oliver BG, Chen H. E-cigarettes damage the liver and alter nutrient metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1475:64-77. [PMID: 32557680 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15% of pregnant women vape electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), exposing the fetus to a range of toxic compounds, including nicotine and by-products of e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid) pyrolysis. Owing to the recent emergence of these products, research mainly focuses on immediate users, and not on in utero exposure. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the impact of intrauterine e-cigarette vapor (e-vapor) exposure, with and without nicotine, on liver metabolic markers in the male offspring. E-vapor was generated using an e-cigarette filled with tobacco-flavored e-liquid (18 or 0 mg/mL nicotine). Female Balb/c mice were exposed to e-vapor for 6 weeks before mating, through gestation and lactation, without direct exposure to the offspring. Livers and plasma from dams and male offspring (13 weeks old) were examined. Exposure to nicotine-free e-vapor promoted metabolic changes and liver damage in both the dams and their offspring. Furthermore, exposure to nicotine-containing e-vapor did not cause liver damage but induced hepatic steatosis in the adult offspring. Therefore, maternal vaping is detrimental to both the dams and their offspring, with nicotine providing a potential protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yik L Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen H, Li G, Allam VSRR, Wang B, Chan YL, Scarfo C, Ueland M, Shimmon R, Fu S, Foster P, Oliver BG. Evidence from a mouse model on the dangers of thirdhand electronic cigarette exposure during early life. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00022-2020. [PMID: 32337216 PMCID: PMC7167212 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00022-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been used in many countries for >10 years and in this time, there has been a division of opinions amongst both the general public and health professionals regarding the benefit or harms of e-cigarettes. Prior to the reporting of a new phenomenon known as vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), public opinion about the relative harm of e-cigarettes were increasing but they were perceived as less harmful than cigarettes by one third of people [1]. The recent cases of severe illness and death attributable to VAPI were first described in September 2019 [2]. VAPI appears to be related to either the addition of cannabis/cannabis derivates or vitamin E acetate [3], and as such has not caused radical swing away from the use of e-cigarettes without cannabis or cannabis derivates. Thirdhand exposure to e-cigarette residue is likely to have harmful effects in childrenhttp://bit.ly/38a2umw
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Venkata Sita Rama Raju Allam
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudia Scarfo
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maiken Ueland
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ronald Shimmon
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shanlin Fu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Foster
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ruszkiewicz JA, Zhang Z, Gonçalves FM, Tizabi Y, Zelikoff JT, Aschner M. Neurotoxicity of e-cigarettes. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111245. [PMID: 32145355 PMCID: PMC7089837 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It appears that electronic cigarettes (EC) are a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarette (CC) smoking, as they generate substantially lower levels of harmful carcinogens and other toxic compounds. Thus, switching from CC to EC may be beneficial for smokers. However, recent accounts of EC- or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) has raised concerns regarding their adverse health effects. Additionally, the increasing popularity of EC among vulnerable populations, such as adolescents and pregnant women, calls for further EC safety evaluation. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an update on recent findings regarding the neurological effects induced by EC exposure. Moreover, we discuss possible neurotoxic effects of nicotine and numerous other chemicals which are inherent both to e-liquids and EC aerosols. We conclude that in recognizing pertinent issues associated with EC usage, both government and scientific researchers must address this public health issue with utmost urgency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Ruszkiewicz
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Filipe Marques Gonçalves
- Biochemistry Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, United States
| | - Judith T Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Manhattan, NY, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zielinska-Blizniewska H, Malinowska K, Zajdel K, Zakonnik L, Zajdel R. A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020652. [PMID: 31963832 PMCID: PMC7013895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide use of electronic cigarettes has been rapidly expanding over recent years, but the long-term effect of e-cigarette vapor exposure on human health and environment is not well established; however, its mechanism of action entails the production of reactive oxygen species and trace metals, and the exacerbation of inflammation, which are associated with potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The present study examines the effects of selected liquid chemicals used in e-cigarettes, such as propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin, nicotine and flavorings, on living organisms; the data collected indicates that exposure to e-cigarette liquid has potentially detrimental effects on cells in vitro, and on animals and humans in vivo. While e-liquid exposure can adversely influence the physiology of living organisms, vaping is recommended as an alternative for tobacco smoking. The study also compares the impact of e-cigarette liquid exposure and traditional cigarette smoke on organisms and the environmental impact. The environmental influence of e-cigarette use is closely connected with the emission of airborne particulate matter, suggesting the possibility of passive smoking. The obtained data provides an insight into the impact of nicotine delivery systems on living organisms and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-663-626-667
| | - Przemyslaw Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | | | - Katarzyna Malinowska
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Zakonnik
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Radoslaw Zajdel
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chan YL, Oliver BG, Chen H. What lessons have we learnt about the impact of maternal cigarette smoking from animal models? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:337-344. [PMID: 31556137 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal first- or second-hand tobacco smoking during pregnancy is still common albeit that the detrimental effects to the unborn child are well known. Maternal tobacco cigarette smoking can affect multiple organ systems in the offspring, rendering them at increased risk of various conditions throughout life (eg. intrauterine underdevelopment, asthma, substance abuse, diabetes). However, this review will only focus on its impact on the brain and the related molecular changes in the offspring based on evidence from animal studies. Although epidemiological studies have identified the associations between maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) and brain disorders, animal models can help identify the underlying mechanisms and test interventions. Human studies have found that maternal SE is closely linked to small brain size and changes in brain structure and associated with a high risk of cognitive defects. Animal models suggest that this may be due to increased brain oxidative stress and inflammation during the neonatal period, leading to increased brain cell apoptosis in adulthood. There is a distinct gender bias of such impacts, where male offspring are more affected than females. Female offspring seem to have developed the adaptation by increasing endogenous antioxidant levels. Indeed, animal studies have shown that using antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy can improve neurological outcomes in male offspring, however, the efficacy in humans is yet to be confirmed. Furthermore, some animal studies suggested nicotine as the key player in intrauterine underdevelopment due to maternal SE, while human clinical trials using nicotine replacement therapy do not support this mechanism. This review will discuss the possible reasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yik L Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|