1
|
Kondo T, Gleason A, Okawa H, Hokugo A, Nishimura I. Mouse gingival single-cell transcriptomic atlas identified a novel fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral barrier immunity in periodontitis. eLife 2023; 12:RP88183. [PMID: 38015204 PMCID: PMC10684155 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, one of the most common non-communicable diseases, is characterized by chronic oral inflammation and uncontrolled tooth supporting alveolar bone resorption. Its underlying mechanism to initiate aberrant oral barrier immunity has yet to be delineated. Here, we report a unique fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral inflammation (AG fibroblasts) identified in a single-cell RNA sequencing gingival cell atlas constructed from the mouse periodontitis models. AG fibroblasts localized beneath the gingival epithelium and in the cervical periodontal ligament responded to the ligature placement and to the discrete topical application of Toll-like receptor stimulants to mouse maxillary tissue. The upregulated chemokines and ligands of AG fibroblasts linked to the putative receptors of neutrophils in the early stages of periodontitis. In the established chronic inflammation, neutrophils, together with AG fibroblasts, appeared to induce type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) that were the primary source of interleukin-17 cytokines. The comparative analysis of Rag2-/- and Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- mice suggested that ILC3 contributed to the cervical alveolar bone resorption interfacing the gingival inflammation. We propose the AG fibroblast-neutrophil-ILC3 axis as a previously unrecognized mechanism which could be involved in the complex interplay between oral barrier immune cells contributing to pathological inflammation in periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUnited States
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of DentistrySendaiJapan
| | - Annie Gleason
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUnited States
- UCLA Bruin in Genomics Summer ProgramLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUnited States
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of DentistrySendaiJapan
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUnited States
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kondo T, Gleason A, Okawa H, Hokugo A, Nishimura I. Mouse gingival single-cell transcriptomic atlas: An activated fibroblast subpopulation guides oral barrier immunity in periodontitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.13.536751. [PMID: 37546811 PMCID: PMC10401928 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, one of the most common non-communicable diseases, is characterized by chronic oral inflammation and uncontrolled tooth supporting alveolar bone resorption. Its underlying mechanism to initiate aberrant oral barrier immunity has yet to be delineated. Here, we report a unique fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral inflammation (AG fibroblasts) identified in a single-cell RNA sequencing gingival cell atlas constructed from the mouse periodontitis models. AG fibroblasts localized beneath the gingival epithelium and in the cervical periodontal ligament responded to the ligature placement and to the discrete application of Toll-like receptor stimulants to mouse maxillary tissue. The upregulated chemokines and ligands of AG fibroblasts linked to the putative receptors of neutrophils in the early stages of periodontitis. In the established chronic inflammation, neutrophils together with AG fibroblasts appeared to induce type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) that were the primary source of interleukin-17 cytokines. The comparative analysis of Rag2-/- and Rag2γc-/- mice suggested that ILC3 contributed to the cervical alveolar bone resorption interfacing the gingival inflammation. We propose that AG fibroblasts function as a previously unrecognized surveillant to initiate gingival inflammation leading to periodontitis through the AG fibroblast-neutrophil-ILC3 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Annie Gleason
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Bruin in Genomics Summer Program
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laberge S, Akoum D, Wlodarczyk P, Massé JD, Fournier D, Semlali A. The Potential Role of Epigenetic Modifications on Different Facets in the Periodontal Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1202. [PMID: 37372382 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of teeth. In the literature, the association between the pathogenicity of bacteria and environmental factors in this regard have been extensively examined. In the present study, we will shed light on the potential role that epigenetic change can play on different facets of its process, more particularly the modifications concerning the genes involved in inflammation, defense, and immune systems. Since the 1960s, the role of genetic variants in the onset and severity of periodontal disease has been widely demonstrated. These make some people more susceptible to developing it than others. It has been documented that the wide variation in its frequency for various racial and ethnic populations is due primarily to the complex interplay among genetic factors with those affecting the environment and the demography. In molecular biology, epigenetic modifications are defined as any change in the promoter for the CpG islands, in the structure of the histone protein, as well as post-translational regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs), being known to contribute to the alteration in gene expression for complex multifactorial diseases such as periodontitis. The key role of epigenetic modification is to understand the mechanism involved in the gene-environment interaction, and the development of periodontitis is now the subject of more and more studies that attempt to identify which factors are stimulating it, but also affect the reduced response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Laberge
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Akoum
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Piotr Wlodarczyk
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Massé
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oral Manifestations in Children Diagnosed with COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030288. [PMID: 36766863 PMCID: PMC9914393 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease has many symptoms, including fever, dry cough, tachypnea, and shortness of breath, but other symptoms can accompany the disease. The disease can also have oral manifestations. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the oral manifestations of COVID-19 in children and adolescents by summarizing the current knowledge as it was described in various case reports and original articles. A review of the literature was carried out by searching the online databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, between October 2022 and 12 November 2022. For this narrative review, 890 articles from three databases and manual search were screened. Saliva was discovered to be a potential screening tool for the infection with the SARS-CoV-2, although it is most reliable in the first few days of infection. Different alteration of the oral mucosa, such as ulcers, erosions and gingivitis were reported. Oral manifestations accompanied children with COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome, Kawasaki disease, thrombocytopenic purpura and erythema multiforme. COVID-19 had an indirect effect on oral harmful habits by decreasing their frequency during the lockdown. Although they occur more rarely, oral manifestations can accompany COVID-19 disease in children and adolescents, and they can be an early sign of the disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kondo T, Kanayama K, Egusa H, Nishimura I. Current perspectives of residual ridge resorption: Pathological activation of oral barrier osteoclasts. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:12-22. [PMID: 35185111 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tooth extraction is a last resort treatment for resolving pathological complications of dentition induced by infection and injury. Although the extraction wound generally heals uneventfully, resulting in the formation of an edentulous residual ridge, some patients experience long-term and severe residual ridge reduction. The objective of this review was to provide a contemporary understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that may potentially cause edentulous jawbone resorption. STUDY SELECTION Clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies related to the characterization of and cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to residual ridge resorption. RESULTS The alveolar processes of the maxillary and mandibular bones uniquely juxtapose the gingival tissue. The gingival oral mucosa is an active barrier tissue that maintains homeostasis of the internal organs through its unique barrier immunity. Tooth extraction not only generates a bony socket but also injures oral barrier tissue. In response to wounding, the alveolar bone socket initiates regeneration and remodeling through coupled bone formation and osteoclastic resorption. Osteoclasts are also found on the external surface of the alveolar bone, interfacing the oral barrier tissue. Osteoclasts in the oral barrier region are not coupled with osteoblastic bone formation and often remain active long after the completion of wound healing, leading to a net decrease in the alveolar bone structure. CONCLUSIONS The novel concept of oral barrier osteoclasts may provide important clues for future clinical strategies to maintain residual ridges for successful prosthodontic and restorative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kanayama
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Infections and Health Science, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee JS, Kim HJ, Lee JS, Yun HJ, Lee S, Cheong JH, Kim SY, Kim SM, Chang H, Lee YS, Park CS, Chang HS. Prophylactic antibiotics may not be necessary for transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy. Front Surg 2022; 9:940391. [PMID: 35983550 PMCID: PMC9379135 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.940391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the recent advances in thyroid cancer surgery techniques and the increasing number of patients concerned about cosmetics, the use of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy is increasing globally. The aim of this study was to determine whether transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy is truly a clean-contaminated surgery. Methods From September 2016 to April 2018, 20 patients with thyroid cancer underwent transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy performed by a single surgeon at Gangnam Severance Hospital. Before and after surgery, the oral cavity was swabbed to obtain culture samples, and antibiotics were administered before and after surgery each once. Results Of the total 20 patients, no bacteria were identified before or after surgery in eight (40%) patients. Bacteria were identified both before and after surgery in seven patients (35%). In four patients (20%), bacteria were not identified before surgery, but bacteria were identified after surgery. Bacteria were identified before surgery but not after surgery in one patient (5%). No surgical site infection was observed. All the bacteria identified were normal flora of the oral cavity and skin. Conclusions There was no difference between the preoperative culture and postoperative culture of the oral cavity in patients undergoing TOET, and there were no postoperative surgical site infection with prophylactic pre & post-operative antibiotics use. Considering the patient's position and surgical extent in TOET, it appears to be difficult for non-indigenous bacteria to invade the surgical site in oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jun Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Cha University School of Medicine, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Jin Seok Lee
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeok Jun Yun
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Surgery, Graduate school of medical science, BK21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Graduate school of medical science, BK21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seok-Mo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Correspondence: Seok-mo Kim
| | - Hojin Chang
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Sang Lee
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheong Soo Park
- Department of Surgery, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Cha University School of Medicine, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Hang-Seok Chang
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Perez Rosero E, Heron S, Jovel J, O'Neil CR, Turvey SL, Parashar P, Elahi S. Differential Signature of the Microbiome and Neutrophils in the Oral Cavity of HIV-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780910. [PMID: 34858437 PMCID: PMC8630784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with a wide range of changes in microbial communities and immune cell components of the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral microbiome in relationship to oral neutrophils in HIV-infected compared to healthy individuals. We evaluated oral washes and saliva samples from HIV-infected individuals (n=52) and healthy controls (n=43). Using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing, we found differential β-diversity using Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) with Bray-Curtis distances. The α-diversity analysis by Faith’s, Shannon, and observed OTUs indexes indicated that the saliva samples from HIV-infected individuals harbored significantly richer bacterial communities compared to the saliva samples from healthy individuals. Notably, we observed that five species of Spirochaeta including Spirochaetaceae, Spirochaeta, Treponema, Treponema amylovorum, and Treponema azotonutricum were significantly abundant. In contrast, Helicobacter species were significantly reduced in the saliva of HIV-infected individuals. Moreover, we found a significant reduction in the frequency of oral neutrophils in the oral cavity of HIV-infected individuals, which was positively related to their CD4+ T cell count. In particular, we noted a significant decline in CD44 expressing neutrophils and the intensity of CD44 expression on oral neutrophils of HIV-infected individuals. This observation was supported by the elevation of soluble CD44 in the saliva of HIV-infected individuals. Overall, the core oral microbiome was distinguishable between HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy compared to the HIV-negative group. The observed reduction in oral neutrophils might likely be related to the low surface expression of CD44, resulting in a higher bacterial diversity and richness in HIV-infected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Heron
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Conar R O'Neil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shannon Lee Turvey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pallavi Parashar
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells and Periodontitis: Potential Regulatory Role of NKT10 Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5573937. [PMID: 34594157 PMCID: PMC8478603 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5573937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute a unique subset of T lymphocytes characterized by specifically interacting with antigenic glycolipids conjugated to the CD1d receptor on antigen-presenting cells. Functionally, NKT cells are capable of performing either effector or suppressor immune responses, depending on their production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Effector NKT cells are subdivided into three subsets, termed NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17, based on the cytokines they produce and their similarity to the cytokine profile produced by Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes, respectively. Recently, a new subgroup of NKT cells termed NKT10 has been described, which cooperates and interacts with other immune cells to promote immunoregulatory responses. Although the tissue-specific functions of NKT cells have not been fully elucidated, their activity has been associated with the pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases with immunopathogenic similarities to periodontitis, including osteolytic pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. In the present review, we revise and discuss the pathogenic characteristics of NKT cells in these diseases and their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis; particularly, we analyze the potential regulatory role of the IL-10-producing NKT10 cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Williams DW, Greenwell-Wild T, Brenchley L, Dutzan N, Overmiller A, Sawaya AP, Webb S, Martin D, Hajishengallis G, Divaris K, Morasso M, Haniffa M, Moutsopoulos NM. Human oral mucosa cell atlas reveals a stromal-neutrophil axis regulating tissue immunity. Cell 2021; 184:4090-4104.e15. [PMID: 34129837 PMCID: PMC8359928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oral mucosa remains an understudied barrier tissue. This is a site of rich exposure to antigens and commensals, and a tissue susceptible to one of the most prevalent human inflammatory diseases, periodontitis. To aid in understanding tissue-specific pathophysiology, we compile a single-cell transcriptome atlas of human oral mucosa in healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis. We uncover the complex cellular landscape of oral mucosal tissues and identify epithelial and stromal cell populations with inflammatory signatures that promote antimicrobial defenses and neutrophil recruitment. Our findings link exaggerated stromal cell responsiveness with enhanced neutrophil and leukocyte infiltration in periodontitis. Our work provides a resource characterizing the role of tissue stroma in regulating mucosal tissue homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drake Winslow Williams
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew Overmiller
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Phillip Sawaya
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simone Webb
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George Hajishengallis
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Dental Medicine, Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- UNC Adams School of Dentistry and Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Maria Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4LP, UK
| | - Niki Maria Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Ecologists have long recognized the importance of spatial scale in understanding structure-function relationships among communities of organisms within their environment. Here, we review historical and contemporary studies of dental plaque community structure in the context of three distinct scales: the micro (1-10 µm), meso (10-100 µm) and macroscale (100 µm to ≥1 cm). Within this framework, we analyze the compositional nature of dental plaque at the macroscale, the molecular interactions of microbes at the microscale, and the emergent properties of dental plaque biofilms at the mesoscale. Throughout our analysis of dental plaque across spatial scales, we draw attention to disease and health-associated structure-function relationships and include a discussion of host immune involvement in the mesoscale structure of periodontal disease-associated biofilms. We end with a discussion of two filamentous organisms, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Corynebacterium matruchotii, and their relevant contributions in structuring dental plaque biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex M. Valm
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brenchley L, Ferré EMN, Schmitt MM, Gardner PJ, Lionakis MS, Moutsopoulos NM. Case Report: Dental Findings Can Aid in Early Diagnosis of APECED Syndrome. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021; 2:670624. [PMID: 38148990 PMCID: PMC10751037 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.670624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), also known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1), is a rare genetic disorder caused most often by biallelic mutations in the AIRE gene. Classic clinical findings of the disease are chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and autoimmunity that primarily targets endocrine tissues, such as hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. Recently, however, it has been appreciated that enamel hypoplasia, together with intestinal malabsorption and a characteristic APECED rash, is a prominent early disease manifestation of APECED which can aid in the diagnosis of disease before other potentially life-threatening disease manifestations occur. To demonstrate this point, we present data from a cohort of APECED patients, approximately 70% of who present with enamel dysplasia at an early age. Importantly, early life presentation with enamel dysplasia was predictive of likelihood of development of a subsequent APECED diagnosis. Furthermore, we present a case of a patient with APECED and severe enamel defects and discuss the utility of medical-dental professional co-operation in the diagnosis and management of this complex disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise M. N. Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica M. Schmitt
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gomez-Casado C, Sanchez-Solares J, Izquierdo E, Díaz-Perales A, Barber D, Escribese MM. Oral Mucosa as a Potential Site for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases. Foods 2021; 10:970. [PMID: 33925074 PMCID: PMC8146604 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most prevalent food allergies during early childhood are caused by foods with a high allergenic protein content, such as milk, egg, nuts, or fish. In older subjects, some respiratory allergies progressively lead to food-induced allergic reactions, which can be severe, such as urticaria or asthma. Oral mucosa remodeling has been recently proven to be a feature of severe allergic phenotypes and autoimmune diseases. This remodeling process includes epithelial barrier disruption and the release of inflammatory signals. Although little is known about the immune processes taking place in the oral mucosa, there are a few reports describing the oral mucosa-associated immune system. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent knowledge about the role of the oral mucosa in food-induced allergic reactions, as well as in severe respiratory allergies or food-induced autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Javier Sanchez-Solares
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Araceli Díaz-Perales
- Center of Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Domingo Barber
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - María M. Escribese
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sanchez-Solares J, Sanchez L, Pablo-Torres C, Diaz-Fernandez C, Sørensen P, Barber D, Gomez-Casado C. Celiac Disease Causes Epithelial Disruption and Regulatory T Cell Recruitment in the Oral Mucosa. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623805. [PMID: 33717129 PMCID: PMC7947325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by an immune-triggered enteropathy upon gluten intake. The only current treatment available is lifelong Gluten Free Diet (GFD). Several extraintestinal manifestations have been described in CD, some affecting the oral mucosa. Thus, we hypothesized that oral mucosa could potentially be a target for novel biomarkers and an administration route for CD treatment. Six de novo diagnosed and seven CD patients under GFD for at least 1 year were recruited. Non-celiac subjects (n = 8) were recruited as control group. Two biopsies of the cheek lining were taken from each subject for mRNA analysis and immunohistochemical characterization. We observed a significant decrease in the expression of epithelial junction proteins in all CD patients, indicating that oral mucosa barrier integrity is compromised. FoxP3+ population was greatly increased in CD patients, suggesting that Tregs are recruited to the damaged mucosa, even after avoidance of gluten. Amphiregulin mRNA levels from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and epithelial damage in the oral mucosa correlated with Treg infiltration in all the experimental groups, suggesting that recruited Tregs might display a “repair” phenotype. Based on these results, we propose that oral mucosa is altered in CD and, as such, might have diagnostic potential. Furthermore, due to its tolerogenic nature, it could be an important target for oral immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sanchez-Solares
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Hospitals Madrid (HM) Group, San Pablo-CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sanchez
- Service of Gastroenterology, University Hospital San Agustin (HUSA), Aviles, Spain
| | - Carmela Pablo-Torres
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Hospitals Madrid (HM) Group, San Pablo-CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Diaz-Fernandez
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital San Agustin (HUSA), Aviels, Spain
| | - Poul Sørensen
- Allero Therapeutics BV, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Domingo Barber
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Hospitals Madrid (HM) Group, San Pablo-CEU University, Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL-RD16/0006/0015, Thematic Network and Cooperative Research Centers, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Hospitals Madrid (HM) Group, San Pablo-CEU University, Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL-RD16/0006/0015, Thematic Network and Cooperative Research Centers, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kurilenko N, Fatkhullina AR, Mazitova A, Koltsova EK. Act Locally, Act Globally-Microbiota, Barriers, and Cytokines in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020348. [PMID: 33562334 PMCID: PMC7915371 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the formation and progressive growth of atherosclerotic plaques in the wall of arteries. Atherosclerosis is a major predisposing factor for stroke and heart attack. Various immune-mediated mechanisms are implicated in the disease initiation and progression. Cytokines are key mediators of the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cells as well as non-hematopoietic cells in the aortic wall and are emerging players in the regulation of atherosclerosis. Progression of atherosclerosis is always associated with increased local and systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The role of cytokines within atherosclerotic plaque has been extensively investigated; however, the cell-specific role of cytokine signaling, particularly the role of cytokines in the regulation of barrier tissues tightly associated with microbiota in the context of cardiovascular diseases has only recently come to light. Here, we summarize the knowledge about the function of cytokines at mucosal barriers and the interplay between cytokines, barriers, and microbiota and discuss their known and potential implications for atherosclerosis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurilenko
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Aleksandra Mazitova
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ekaterina K. Koltsova
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Suárez LJ, Garzón H, Arboleda S, Rodríguez A. Oral Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity: From Local Periodontal Responses to an Imbalanced Systemic Immunity. A Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591255. [PMID: 33363538 PMCID: PMC7754713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm of onset and progression of periodontitis includes oral dysbiosis directed by inflammophilic bacteria, leading to altered resolution of inflammation and lack of regulation of the inflammatory responses. In the construction of explanatory models of the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease, autoimmune mechanisms were among the first to be explored and historically, for more than five decades, they have been described in an isolated manner as part of the tissue damage process observed in periodontitis, however direct participation of these mechanisms in the tissue damage is still controversial. Autoimmunity is affected by genetic and environmental factors, leading to an imbalance between the effector and regulatory responses, mostly associated with failed resolution mechanisms. However, dysbiosis/infection and chronic inflammation could trigger autoimmunity by several mechanisms including bystander activation, dysregulation of toll-like receptors, amplification of autoimmunity by cytokines, epitope spreading, autoantigens complementarity, autoantigens overproduction, microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, superantigens, and activation or inhibition of receptors related to autoimmunity by microorganisms. Even though autoreactivity in periodontitis is biologically plausible, the associated mechanisms could be related to non-pathologic responses which could even explain non-recognized physiological functions. In this review we shall discuss from a descriptive point of view, the autoimmune mechanisms related to periodontitis physio-pathogenesis and the participation of oral dysbiosis on local periodontal autoimmune responses as well as on different systemic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina J. Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernan Garzón
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Oral, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silie Arboleda
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiologia Clínica Oral (UNIECLO), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vázquez A, Fernández-Sevilla LM, Jiménez E, Pérez-Cabrera D, Yañez R, Subiza JL, Varas A, Valencia J, Vicente A. Involvement of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Oral Mucosal Bacterial Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567391. [PMID: 33329530 PMCID: PMC7711618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical observations indicate that bacterial vaccines induce cross-protection against infections produced by different microorganisms. MV130, a polyvalent bacterial sublingual preparation designed to prevent recurrent respiratory infectious diseases, reduces the infection rate in patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are key cell components that contribute to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and exert both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive functions. Herein, we study the effects of MV130 in human MSC functionality as a potential mechanism that contributes to its clinical benefits. We provide evidence that during MV130 sublingual immunization of mice, resident oral mucosa MSCs can take up MV130 components and their numbers remain unchanged after vaccination, in contrast to granulocytes that are recruited from extramucosal tissues. MSCs treated in vitro with MV130 show an increased viability without affecting their differentiation potential. In the short-term, MSC treatment with MV130 induces higher leukocyte recruitment and T cell expansion. In contrast, once T-cell activation is initiated, MV130 stimulation induces an up-regulated expression of immunosuppressor factors in MSCs. Accordingly, MV130-primed MSCs reduce T lymphocyte proliferation, induce the differentiation of dendritic cells with immunosuppressive features and favor M2-like macrophage polarization, thus counterbalancing the immune response. In addition, MSCs trained with MV130 undergo functional changes, enhancing their immunomodulatory response to a secondary stimulus. Finally, we show that MSCs are able to uptake, process and retain a reservoir of the TLR ligands derived from MV130 digestion which can be subsequently transferred to dendritic cells, an additional feature that also may be associated to trained immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia M Fernández-Sevilla
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Cabrera
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Yañez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Varas
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaris Valencia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Vicente
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Woodward Davis AS, Roozen HN, Dufort MJ, DeBerg HA, Delaney MA, Mair F, Erickson JR, Slichter CK, Berkson JD, Klock AM, Mack M, Lwo Y, Ko A, Brand RM, McGowan I, Linsley PS, Dixon DR, Prlic M. The human tissue-resident CCR5 + T cell compartment maintains protective and functional properties during inflammation. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/521/eaaw8718. [PMID: 31801887 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CCR5 is thought to play a central role in orchestrating migration of cells in response to inflammation. CCR5 antagonists can reduce inflammatory disease processes, which has led to an increased interest in using CCR5 antagonists in a wide range of inflammation-driven diseases. Paradoxically, these antagonists appear to function without negatively affecting host immunity at barrier sites. We reasoned that the resolution to this paradox may lie in the CCR5+ T cell populations that permanently reside in tissues. We used a single-cell analysis approach to examine the human CCR5+ T cell compartment in the blood, healthy, and inflamed mucosal tissues to resolve these seemingly contradictory observations. We found that 65% of the CD4 tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cell compartment expressed CCR5. These CCR5+ TRM cells were enriched in and near the epithelial layer and not only limited to TH1-type cells but also contained a large TH17-producing and a stable regulatory T cell population. The CCR5+ TRM compartment was stably maintained even in inflamed tissues including the preservation of TH17 and regulatory T cell populations. Further, using tissues from the CHARM-03 clinical trial, we found that CCR5+ TRM are preserved in human mucosal tissue during treatment with the CCR5 antagonist Maraviroc. Our data suggest that the human CCR5+ TRM compartment is functionally and spatially equipped to maintain barrier immunity even in the absence of CCR5-mediated, de novo T cell recruitment from the periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Woodward Davis
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hayley N Roozen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Matthew J Dufort
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Hannah A DeBerg
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Florian Mair
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jami R Erickson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Chloe K Slichter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julia D Berkson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexis M Klock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yu Lwo
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexander Ko
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rhonda M Brand
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ian McGowan
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Orion Biotechnology, Ottawa, ON, K1S 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter S Linsley
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Douglas R Dixon
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Martin Prlic
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. .,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gong W, Wang F, He Y, Zeng X, Zhang D, Chen Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Oral Inflammatory Diseases: Research Progress and Future Perspectives. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 16:165-174. [PMID: 32713335 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200726224132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for clinical diseases associated with inflammation and tissue damage has become a progressive treatment strategy. MSCs have unique biological functions, such as homing, immune regulation, and differentiation capabilities, which provide the prerequisites for the treatment of clinical diseases. Oral diseases are often associated with abnormal immune regulation and epithelial tissue damage. In this review, we summarize previous studies that use MSC therapy to treat various oral inflammatory diseases, including oral ulceration, allergic diseases, chemo/radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis, periodontitis, osteonecrosis of the jaw, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), among other similar diseases. We highlight MSC treatment as a promising approach in the management of oral inflammatory diseases, and discuss the obstacles that remain and must be overcome for MSC treatment to thrive in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cafferata EA, Castro-Saavedra S, Fuentes-Barros G, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Rivera F, Carvajal P, Hernández M, Cortés BI, Cortez C, Cassels BK, Vernal R. Boldine inhibits the alveolar bone resorption during ligature-induced periodontitis by modulating the Th17/Treg imbalance. J Periodontol 2020; 92:123-136. [PMID: 32490537 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During periodontitis, tooth-supporting alveolar bone is resorbed when there is an increased expression of the pro-osteolytic factor termed receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), which is responsible for osteoclast differentiation and activation. In periodontitis-affected tissues, the imbalance between T-helper type-17 (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) lymphocyte activity favors this RANKL overexpression. In this context, immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at modulating this Th17/Treg imbalance could eventually arrest the RANKL-mediated alveolar bone loss. Boldine has been reported to protect from pathological bone loss during rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, whose pathogenesis is associated with a Th17/Treg imbalance. However, the effect of boldine on alveolar bone resorption during periodontitis has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to determine whether boldine inhibits alveolar bone resorption by modulating the Th17/Treg imbalance during periodontitis. METHODS Mice with ligature-induced periodontitis were orally treated with boldine (10/20/40 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. Non-treated periodontitis-affected mice and non-ligated mice were used as controls. Alveolar bone loss was analyzed by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Osteoclasts were quantified by histological identification of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells. Production of RANKL and its competitive antagonist osteoprotegerin (OPG) were analyzed by ELISA, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry. The Th17 and Treg responses were analyzed by quantifying the T-cell frequency and number by flow cytometry. Also, the expression of their signature transcription factors and cytokines were quantified by qPCR. RESULTS Boldine inhibited the alveolar bone resorption. Consistently, boldine caused a decrease in the osteoclast number and RANKL/OPG ratio in periodontal lesions. Besides, boldine reduced the Th17-lymphocyte detection and response and increased the Treg-lymphocyte detection and response in periodontitis-affected tissues. CONCLUSION Boldine, administered orally, inhibited the alveolar bone resorption and modulated the Th17/Treg imbalance during experimental periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Sebastián Castro-Saavedra
- Chemobiodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Rivera
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I Cortés
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruce K Cassels
- Chemobiodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Anaya-Saavedra G. Advances in oral diseases: On the shoulders of a giant. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1840-1842. [PMID: 31677323 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Anaya-Saavedra
- Oral Pathology and Medicine Master, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.,President of the Mexican Association of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Monasterio G, Budini V, Fernández B, Castillo F, Rojas C, Alvarez C, Cafferata EA, Vicencio E, Cortés BI, Cortez C, Vernal R. IL-22-expressing CD4 + AhR + T lymphocytes are associated with RANKL-mediated alveolar bone resorption during experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:513-524. [PMID: 31032952 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Over the past few years, the importance of interleukin-22 (IL-22) and T-helper (Th)22 lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of periodontitis has become apparent; however, there are still aspects that are not addressed yet. Cells expressing IL-22 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), transcription factor master switch gene implicated in the differentiation and function of Th22 lymphocytes, have been detected in periodontal tissues of periodontitis-affected patients. In addition, IL-22 has been associated with osteoclast differentiation and their bone resorptive activity in vitro. However, the destructive potential of IL-22-expressing AhR+ Th22 lymphocytes over periodontal tissues during periodontitis has not been demonstrated in vivo yet. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether IL-22-expressing CD4+ AhR+ T lymphocytes detected in periodontal lesions are associated with alveolar bone resorption during experimental periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using a murine model of periodontitis, the expression levels of IL-22 and AhR, as well as the Th1-, Th2-, Th17- and T regulatory-associated cytokines, were analyzed in periodontal lesions using qPCR. The detection of CD4+ IL-22+ AhR+ T lymphocytes was analyzed in periodontal lesions and cervical lymph nodes that drain these periodontal lesions using flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of the osteoclastogenic mediator called receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) was analyzed by qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Finally, alveolar bone resorption was analyzed using micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy, and the bone resorption levels were correlated with IL-22 and RANKL expression. RESULTS Higher levels of IL-22, AhR, and RANKL, as well as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α, were expressed in periodontal lesions of infected mice compared with periodontal tissues of sham-infected and non-infected controls. Similarly, high RANKL immunoreaction was observed in periodontal tissues of infected mice; however, few or absent RANKL immunoreaction was observed in controls. This association between RANKL and periodontal infection was ratified by western blot. Furthermore, a higher detection of CD4+ IL-22+ AhR+ T lymphocytes was found in periodontal lesions and cervical lymph nodes that drain these periodontal lesions in infected mice compared with non-infected controls. Finally, the increased IL-22 and RANKL expression showed positive correlation between them and with the augmented alveolar bone resorption observed in experimental periodontal lesions. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the increase of IL-22-expressing CD4+ AhR+ T lymphocytes in periodontitis-affected tissues and shows a positive correlation between IL-22, RANKL expression, and alveolar bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Monasterio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Budini
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Baltasar Fernández
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Pathology Laboratory, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Cafferata
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Emiliano Vicencio
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Genomic and Bioinformatic, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I Cortés
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Genomic and Bioinformatic, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Faculty of Sciences, Center for Genomic and Bioinformatic, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Dentistry Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Franco-Miranda A, Loyola-Leyva A, Perez-Elizalde B, Contreras-Palma G, Sanchez-Adame O. Prevention of infective endocarditis and bacterial resistance to antibiotics: A brief review. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2019; 39:603-609. [PMID: 31464005 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this statement is to debate the recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA) for the prevention of infective endocarditis through an antibiotic prophylaxis protocol and its relation with bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Since dental infections involve biofilms that include several bacterial species (Gram-negative and Gram-positive), it is essential, from the dental point of view, to consider the frequency, magnitude, and duration of bacteremia associated with active dental infections before applying antibiotic prophylaxis. The actual guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis should be revised according to recent evidence of bacterial resistance. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and moxifloxacin should be considered due to their effectiveness against bacteria associated with oral, GU, and GI infections and the low rates of antibiotic resistance associated with these antibiotics, instead of the actual protocol, which includes amoxicillin (2 g) or clindamycin (600 mg) administered an hour before the dental procedures. The breaking point to test the antibiotic bacterial resistance (ABR) had a wide range in the different studies that were analyzed, which could explain the widely varied ABR percentages reported for the various antibiotics used for antibiotic prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales y Bionanotecnología, Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México
| | | | - Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomedicas Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Bulfrano Perez-Elizalde
- Medicina Translacional, Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México
| | - Guillermo Contreras-Palma
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales y Bionanotecnología, Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México
| | - Oscar Sanchez-Adame
- Medicina Translacional, Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Valm AM. The Structure of Dental Plaque Microbial Communities in the Transition from Health to Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2957-2969. [PMID: 31103772 PMCID: PMC6646062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The human oral cavity harbors diverse communities of microbes that live as biofilms: highly ordered, surface-associated assemblages of microbes embedded in an extracellular matrix. Oral microbial communities contribute to human health by fine-tuning immune responses and reducing dietary nitrate. Dental caries and periodontal disease are together the most prevalent microbially mediated human diseases worldwide. Both of these oral diseases are known to be caused not by the introduction of exogenous pathogens to the oral environment, but rather by a homeostasis breakdown that leads to changes in the structure of the microbial communities present in states of health. Both dental caries and periodontal disease are mediated by synergistic interactions within communities, and both diseases are further driven by specific host inputs: diet and behavior in the case of dental caries and immune system interactions in the case of periodontal disease. Changes in community structure (taxonomic identity and abundance) are well documented during the transition from health to disease. In this review, changes in biofilm physical structure during the transition from oral health to disease and the concomitant relationship between structure and community function will be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Valm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ahsan H. Biomolecules and biomarkers in oral cavity: bioassays and immunopathology. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 40:52-69. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1550423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|