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Tesfaye M, Wang ES, Feyissa T, Herrfurth C, Haileselassie T, Kanagarajan S, Feussner I, Zhu LH. Enhancing Erucic Acid and Wax Ester Production in Brassica carinata through Metabolic Engineering for Industrial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6322. [PMID: 38928029 PMCID: PMC11203470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering enables oilseed crops to be more competitive by having more attractive properties for oleochemical industrial applications. The aim of this study was to increase the erucic acid level and to produce wax ester (WE) in seed oil by genetic transformation to enhance the industrial applications of B. carinata. Six transgenic lines for high erucic acid and fifteen transgenic lines for wax esters were obtained. The integration of the target genes for high erucic acid (BnFAE1 and LdPLAAT) and for WEs (ScWS and ScFAR) in the genome of B. carinata cv. 'Derash' was confirmed by PCR analysis. The qRT-PCR results showed overexpression of BnFAE1 and LdPLAAT and downregulation of RNAi-BcFAD2 in the seeds of the transgenic lines. The fatty acid profile and WE content and profile in the seed oil of the transgenic lines and wild type grown in biotron were analyzed using gas chromatography and nanoelectrospray coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A significant increase in erucic acid was observed in some transgenic lines ranging from 19% to 29% in relation to the wild type, with a level of erucic acid reaching up to 52.7%. Likewise, the transgenic lines harboring ScFAR and ScWS genes produced up to 25% WE content, and the most abundant WE species were 22:1/20:1 and 22:1/22:1. This study demonstrated that metabolic engineering is an effective biotechnological approach for developing B. carinata into an industrial crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misteru Tesfaye
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (M.T.); (E.S.W.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box. 1176, Ethiopia; (T.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Eu Sheng Wang
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (M.T.); (E.S.W.); (S.K.)
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box. 1176, Ethiopia; (T.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht Haller Institute for Plant Science, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (C.H.); (I.F.)
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Selvaraju Kanagarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (M.T.); (E.S.W.); (S.K.)
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht Haller Institute for Plant Science, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (C.H.); (I.F.)
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (M.T.); (E.S.W.); (S.K.)
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Díaz-Montes E. Wall Materials for Encapsulating Bioactive Compounds via Spray-Drying: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2659. [PMID: 37376305 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spray-drying is a continuous encapsulation method that effectively preserves, stabilizes, and retards the degradation of bioactive compounds by encapsulating them within a wall material. The resulting capsules exhibit diverse characteristics influenced by factors such as operating conditions (e.g., air temperature and feed rate) and the interactions between the bioactive compounds and the wall material. This review aims to compile recent research (within the past 5 years) on spray-drying for bioactive compound encapsulation, emphasizing the significance of wall materials in spray-drying and their impact on encapsulation yield, efficiency, and capsule morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Díaz-Montes
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio La Laguna Ticoman, Ciudad de Mexico 07340, Mexico
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Bengtsson JD, Wallis JG, Bai S, Browse J. The coexpression of two desaturases provides an optimized reduction of saturates in camelina oil. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:497-505. [PMID: 36382992 PMCID: PMC9946138 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the saturate content of vegetable oils is key to increasing their utility and adoption as a feedstock for the production of biofuels. Expression of either the FAT5 16 : 0-CoA desaturase from Caenorhabditis elegans, or an engineered cyanobacterial 16 : 0/18 : 0-glycerolipid desaturase, DES9*, in seeds of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) substantially lowered oil saturates. However, because pathway fluxes and regulation of oil synthesis are known to differ across species, translating this transgene technology from the model plant to crop species requires additional investigation. In the work reported here, we found that high expression of FAT5 in seeds of camelina (Camelina sativa) provided only a moderate decrease in saturates, from 12.9% of total oil fatty acids in untransformed controls to 8.6%. Expression of DES9* reduced saturates to 4.6%, but compromised seed physiology and oil content. However, the coexpression of the two desaturases together cooperatively reduced saturates to only 4.0%, less than one-third of the level in the parental line, without compromising oil yield or seedling germination and establishment. Our successful lowering of oil saturates in camelina identifies strategies that can now be integrated with genetic engineering approaches that reduce polyunsaturates to provide optimized oil composition for biofuels in camelina and other oil seed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Bengtsson
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - James G. Wallis
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Shuangyi Bai
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
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Bioengineering of Soybean Oil and Its Impact on Agronomic Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032256. [PMID: 36768578 PMCID: PMC9916542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is a major oil crop and is also a dominant source of nutritional protein. The 20% seed oil content (SOC) of soybean is much lower than that in most oil crops and the fatty acid composition of its native oil cannot meet the specifications for some applications in the food and industrial sectors. Considerable effort has been expended on soybean bioengineering to tailor fatty acid profiles and improve SOC. Although significant advancements have been made, such as the creation of high-oleic acid soybean oil and high-SOC soybean, those genetic modifications have some negative impacts on soybean production, for instance, impaired germination or low protein content. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the bioengineering of soybean oil and its effects on agronomic traits.
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Hu H, Swift A, Mauro-Herrera M, Borrone J, Borja G, Doust AN. Transcriptomic analysis of seed development in Paysonia auriculata (Brassicaceae) identifies genes involved in hydroxy fatty acid biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1079146. [PMID: 36714715 PMCID: PMC9880434 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1079146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paysonia auriculata (Brassicaceae) produces multiple hydroxy fatty acids as major components of the seed oil. We tracked the changes in seed oil composition and gene expression during development, starting 14 days after flowers had been pollinated. Seed oil changes showed initially higher levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) but little accumulation of hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs). Starting 21 days after pollination (DAP) HFA content sharply increased, and reached almost 30% at 28 DAP. Total seed oil also increased from a low of approximately 2% at 14 DAP to a high of approximately 20% by 42 DAP. We identified almost all of the fatty acid synthesis and modification genes that are known from Arabidopsis, and, in addition, a strong candidate for the hydroxylase gene that mediates the hydroxylation of fatty acids to produce valuable hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) in this species. The gene expression network revealed is very similar to that of the emerging oil crop, Physaria fendleri, in the sister genus to Paysonia. Phylogenetic analyses indicate the hydroxylase enzyme, FAH12, evolved only once in Paysonia and Physaria, and that the enzyme is closely related to FAD2 enzymes. Phylogenetic analyses of FAD2 and FAH12 in the Brassicaceae and outgroup genera suggest that the branch leading to the hydroxylase clade of Paysonia and Physaria is under relaxed selection, compared with the strong purifying selection found across the FAD2 lineages.
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Cao L, Yin M, Shi TQ, Lin L, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to produce nutritional fatty acids: Current status and future perspectives. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:1024-1033. [PMID: 35801090 PMCID: PMC9249680 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their vital physiological functions, nutritional fatty acids have great potential as nutraceutical food supplements for preventing an array of diseases such as inflammation, depression, arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes and cancer. Microbial biosynthesis of fatty acids follows the trend of sustainable development, as it enables green, environmentally friendly and efficient production. As a natural oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica is especially well-suited for the production of fatty acids. Moreover, it has a variety of genetic engineering tools and novel metabolic engineering strategies that make it a robust workhorse for the production of an array of value-added products. In this review, we summarize recent advances in metabolic engineering strategies for accumulating nutritional fatty acids in Y. lipolytica, including conjugated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the future prospects of nutritional fatty acid production using the Y. lipolytica platform are discussed in light of the current progress, challenges, and trends in this field. Finally, guidelines for future studies are also emphasized.
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Dao TLK, Tieu KA, Tran BH. Tribochemical synergy between phosphate-intercalated layered double hydroxide additives and super high oleic safflower oil on sliding contacts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20282-20293. [PMID: 35975742 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01601j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the tribological properties of a series of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated by various phosphate anions (hydrogen phosphate, orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and hexametaphosphate) were investigated by ball-on-disc testing in safflower oil which has a super high content of oleic acid (OA). The Mg-Al-NO3- LDH precursor was first synthesized by a coprecipitation method, and then nitrate anions were substituted by different phosphate anions via anion exchange. The successful intercalations were confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis. The tribological results indicate that the antiwear properties increased linearly with the basic strength of the phosphate anions. Stronger bases, such as orthophosphate (PO43-) and pyrophosphate (P2O74-), encourage the dissociation of OA to form a protective oleate tribofilm on steel surfaces, leading to more than 40% wear reduction compared to the base oil. The tribological performance of the best antiwear candidate, PO43--LDH, was studied further under different loads and concentrations. A comparison between PO43--LDH and other nanomaterials was also carried out with PO43--LDH exhibiting a comparable performance against hexagonal boron nitride (BN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Ly Kiet Dao
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Northfield Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Kiet Anh Tieu
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Northfield Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Bach Hoang Tran
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Northfield Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Cappetta E, De Palma M, D’Alessandro R, Aiello A, Romano R, Graziani G, Ritieni A, Paolo D, Locatelli F, Sparvoli F, Docimo T, Tucci M. Development of a High Oleic Cardoon Cell Culture Platform by SAD Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated FAD2.2 Silencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:913374. [PMID: 35845700 PMCID: PMC9285897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective tools for the sustainable supply of phyto-ingredients and natural substances with reduced environmental footprints can help mitigate the dramatic scenario of climate change. Plant cell cultures-based biorefineries can be a technological advancement to face this challenge and offer a potentially unlimited availability of natural substances, in a standardized composition and devoid of the seasonal variability of cultivated plants. Monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids are attracting considerable attention as supplements for biodegradable plastics, bio-additives for the cosmetic industry, and bio-lubricants. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) callus cultures accumulate fatty acids and polyphenols and are therefore suitable for large-scale production of biochemicals and valuable compounds, as well as biofuel precursors. With the aim of boosting their potential uses, we designed a biotechnological approach to increase oleic acid content through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated metabolic engineering. Bioinformatic data mining in the C. cardunculus transcriptome allowed the selection and molecular characterization of SAD (stearic acid desaturase) and FAD2.2 (fatty acid desaturase) genes, coding for key enzymes in oleic and linoleic acid formation, as targets for metabolic engineering. A total of 22 and 27 fast-growing independent CcSAD overexpressing (OE) and CcFAD2.2 RNAi knocked out (KO) transgenic lines were obtained. Further characterization of five independent transgenic lines for each construct demonstrated that, successfully, SAD overexpression increased linoleic acid content, e.g., to 42.5%, of the relative fatty acid content, in the CcSADOE6 line compared with 30.4% in the wild type (WT), whereas FAD2.2 silencing reduced linoleic acid in favor of the accumulation of its precursor, oleic acid, e.g., to almost 57% of the relative fatty acid content in the CcFAD2.2KO2 line with respect to 17.7% in the WT. Moreover, CcSADOE6 and CcFAD2.2KO2 were also characterized by a significant increase in total polyphenolic content up to about 4.7 and 4.1 mg/g DW as compared with 2.7 mg/g DW in the WT, mainly due to the accumulation of dicaffeoyl quinic and feruloyl quinic acids. These results pose the basis for the effective creation of an engineered cardoon cells-based biorefinery accumulating high levels of valuable compounds from primary and specialized metabolism to meet the industrial demand for renewable and sustainable sources of innovative bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cappetta
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Monica De Palma
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Rosa D’Alessandro
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Paolo
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Docimo
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
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Overexpression of phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase in Brassica napus results in changes in lipid metabolism and oil accumulation. Biochem J 2022; 479:805-823. [PMID: 35298586 PMCID: PMC9022997 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of lipid metabolism in oil seeds is still not fully understood and increasing our knowledge in this regard is of great economic, as well as intellectual, importance. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a major global oil crop where increases in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation have been achieved by overexpression of relevant biosynthetic enzymes. In this study, we expressed Arabidopsis phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT1), one of the two major TAG-forming plant enzymes in B. napus DH12075 to evaluate its effect on lipid metabolism in developing seeds and to estimate its flux control coefficient. Despite several-fold increase in PDAT activity, seeds of three independently generated PDAT transgenic events showed a small but consistent decrease in seed oil content and had altered fatty acid composition of phosphoglycerides and TAG, towards less unsaturation. Mass spectrometry imaging of seed sections confirmed the shift in lipid compositions and indicated that PDAT overexpression altered the distinct heterogeneous distributions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species. Similar, but less pronounced, changes in TAG molecular species distributions were observed. Our data indicate that PDAT exerts a small, negative, flux control on TAG biosynthesis and could have under-appreciated effects in fine-tuning of B. napus seed lipid composition in a tissue-specific manner. This has important implications for efforts to increase oil accumulation in similar crops.
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10
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Interactions between plant lipid-binding proteins and their ligands. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ansar R, Saqib S, Mukhtar A, Niazi MBK, Shahid M, Jahan Z, Kakar SJ, Uzair B, Mubashir M, Ullah S, Khoo KS, Lim HR, Show PL. Challenges and recent trends with the development of hydrogel fiber for biomedical applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131956. [PMID: 34523459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel is the most emblematic soft material which possesses significantly tunable and programmable characteristics. Polymer hydrogels possess significant advantages including, biocompatible, simple, reliable and low cost. Therefore, research on the development of hydrogel for biomedical applications has been grown intensely. However, hydrogel development is challenging and required significant effort before the application at an industrial scale. Therefore, the current work focused on evaluating recent trends and issues with hydrogel development for biomedical applications. In addition, the hydrogel's development methodology, physicochemical properties, and biomedical applications are evaluated and benchmarked against the reported literature. Later, biomedical applications of the nano-cellulose-based hydrogel are considered and critically discussed. Based on a detailed review, it has been found that the surface energy, intermolecular interactions, and interactions of hydrogel adhesion forces are major challenges that contribute to the development of hydrogel. In addition, compared to other hydrogels, nanocellulose hydrogels demonstrated higher potential for drug delivery, 3D cell culture, diagnostics, tissue engineering, tissue therapies and gene therapies. Overall, nanocellulose hydrogel has the potential for commercialization for different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Ansar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Sidra Saqib
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research, Jaranwala Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Zaib Jahan
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Salik Javed Kakar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Hooi Ren Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Vollheyde K, Hornung E, Herrfurth C, Ischebeck T, Feussner I. Plastidial wax ester biosynthesis as a tool to synthesize shorter and more saturated wax esters. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:238. [PMID: 34911577 PMCID: PMC8675476 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wax esters (WE) are neutral lipids that consist of a fatty alcohol esterified to a fatty acid. WE are valuable feedstocks in industry for producing lubricants, coatings, and cosmetics. They can be produced chemically from fossil fuel or plant-derived triacylglycerol. As fossil fuel resources are finite, the synthesis of WE in transgenic plants may serve as an alternative source. As chain length and desaturation of the alcohol and acyl moieties determine the physicochemical properties of WE and their field of application, tightly controlled and tailor-made WE synthesis in plants would be a sustainable, beneficial, and valuable commodity. Here, we report the expression of ten combinations of WE producing transgenes in Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to study their suitability for WE production in planta, we analyzed WE amount and composition in the transgenic plants. RESULTS The transgenes consisted of different combinations of a FATTY ACYL-COA/ACP REDUCTASE (FAR) and two WAX SYNTHASES/ACYL-COA:DIACYLGLYCEROL O-ACYLTRANSFERASES (WSD), namely WSD2 and WSD5 from the bacterium Marinobacter aquaeoleoi. We generated constructs with and without plastidial transit peptides to access distinct alcohol and acyl substrate pools within A. thaliana cells. We observed WE formation with plastid and cytosol-localized FAR and WSD in seeds. A comparative WE analysis revealed the production of shorter and more saturated WE by plastid-localized WE biosynthesis compared to cytosolic WE synthesis. CONCLUSIONS A shift of WE formation into seed plastids is a suitable approach for tailor-made WE production and can be used to synthesize WE that are mainly derived from mid- and long-chain saturated and monounsaturated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Vollheyde
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Hornung
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC) and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC) and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.
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13
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Plant monounsaturated fatty acids: Diversity, biosynthesis, functions and uses. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101138. [PMID: 34774919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct molecular structures have been described in the plant kingdom, and more remain to be discovered. The evolution of land plants has apparently resulted in the convergent evolution of non-homologous enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of saturated acyl chain substrates in a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective manner. Contrasted enzymatic characteristics and different subcellular localizations of these desaturases account for the diversity of existing fatty acid structures. Interestingly, the location and geometrical configuration of the unsaturation confer specific characteristics to these molecules found in a variety of membrane, storage, and surface lipids. An ongoing research effort aimed at exploring the links existing between fatty acid structures and their biological functions has already unraveled the importance of several monounsaturated fatty acids in various physiological and developmental contexts. What is more, the monounsaturated acyl chains found in the oils of seeds and fruits are widely and increasingly used in the food and chemical industries due to the physicochemical properties inherent in their structures. Breeders and plant biotechnologists therefore develop new crops with high monounsaturated contents for various agro-industrial purposes.
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14
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Larkin P, Zhou X, Liu Q, Reynolds K, Vanhercke T, Ral J, Li Z, Wu X, Yu R, Luo J, Newberry M, Howitt C. A transcriptional journey from sucrose to endosperm oil bodies in triple transgene oily wheat grain. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Ma S, Du C, Taylor DC, Zhang M. Concerted increases of FAE1 expression level and substrate availability improve and singularize the production of very-long-chain fatty acids in Arabidopsis seeds. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00331. [PMID: 34179680 PMCID: PMC8209567 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our initial goal was to evaluate the contributions of high 18:1 phosphatidylcholine and the expression level of FAE1 to the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which have wide applications as industrial feedstocks. Unexpectedly, VLCFAs were not improved by increasing the proportions of 18:1 in fad2-1 mutant, FAD2 artificial miRNA, and FAD2 co-suppression lines. Expressing Arabidopsis FAE1 resulted in co-suppression in 90% of transgenic lines, which was effectively released when it was expressed in the rdr6-11 mutant host. When FAE1 could be highly expressed, apart from its naturally preferred product, 20:1, other saturated and polyunsaturated VLCFAs also accumulated in seeds. We postulated that overabundant FAE1 might cause the diversified VLCFA profile. When FAE1 was highly expressed, knocking down FAD2 increased the content of 20:1, suggesting that the 18:1 availability in the acyl-CoA pool increased from the high 18:1-PC via acyl editing. Concurrent decreases of side products like 22:1 and 20:0 in these lines suggest that increasing availability of the preferred substrate could suppress the side elongation reactions and reverse the effect of VLCFA product diversification due to overabundant FAE1. Re-analysis of FAD2 knockdown lines indicated that increasing 18:1 led to a decrease of 22:1, which also supports the above hypothesis. These results demonstrate that 18:1 substrate could be increased by a downregulation of FAD2 and that a balance between the levels of enzyme and substrate may be crucial for engineering-specific VLCFA products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ma
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Chang Du
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - David C. Taylor
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Present address:
retired and lives in SaskatoonSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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16
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Yu XH, Cai Y, Keereetaweep J, Wei K, Chai J, Deng E, Liu H, Shanklin J. Biotin attachment domain-containing proteins mediate hydroxy fatty acid-dependent inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:892-901. [PMID: 33793910 PMCID: PMC8133645 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of naturally occurring specialized fatty acids (FAs) have potential as desirable chemical feedstocks if they could be produced at large scale by crop plants; however, transgenic expression of their biosynthetic genes has generally been accompanied by dramatic reductions in oil yield. For example, expression of castor (Ricinus communis) FA hydroxylase (FAH) in the Arabidopsis thaliana FA elongation mutant fae1 resulted in a 50% reduction of FA synthesis rate that was attributed to inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) by an undefined mechanism. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the ricinoleic acid-dependent decrease in ACCase activity is mediated by biotin attachment domain-containing (BADC) proteins. BADCs are inactive homologs of biotin carboxy carrier protein that lack a biotin cofactor and can inhibit ACCase. Arabidopsis contains three BADC genes. To reduce expression levels of BADC1 and BADC3 in fae1/FAH plants, a homozygous badc1,3/fae1/FAH line was created. The rate of FA synthesis in badc1,3/fae1/FAH seeds doubled relative to fae1/FAH, restoring it to fae1 levels, increasing both native FA and HFA accumulation. Total FA per seed, seed oil content, and seed yield per plant all increased in badc1,3/fae1/FAH, to 5.8 µg, 37%, and 162 mg, respectively, relative to 4.9 µg, 33%, and 126 mg, respectively, for fae1/FAH. Transcript levels of FA synthesis-related genes, including those encoding ACCase subunits, did not significantly differ between badc1,3/fae1/FAH and fae1/FAH. These results demonstrate that BADC1 and BADC3 mediate ricinoleic acid-dependent inhibition of FA synthesis. We propose that BADC-mediated FAS inhibition as a general mechanism that limits FA accumulation in specialized FA-accumulating seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yuanheng Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Wei
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jin Chai
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Elen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Author for communication:
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17
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Sergeeva A, Mettler‐Altmann T, Liu H, Mai H, Bauer P. Glycerolipid profile differences between perennial and annual stem zones in the perennial model plant Arabis alpina. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00302. [PMID: 33506166 PMCID: PMC7814627 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The perennial life style is a successful ecological strategy, and Arabis alpina is a recently developed model Brassicaceae species for studying it. One aspect, poorly investigated until today, concerns the differing patterns of allocation, storage, and metabolism of nutrients between perennials and annuals and the yet unknown signals that regulate this process. A. alpina has a complex lateral stem architecture with a proximal vegetative perennial (PZ) and a distal annual flowering zone (AZ) inside the same stems. Lipid bodies (LBs) with triacylglycerols (TAGs) accumulate in the PZ. To identify potential processes of lipid metabolism linked with the perennial lifestyle, we analyzed lipid species in the PZ versus AZ. Glycerolipid fractions, including neutral lipids with mainly TAGs, phospholipids, and glycolipids, were present at higher levels in the PZ as compared to AZ or roots. Concomitantly, contents of specific long-chain and very long-chain fatty acids increased during formation of the PZ. Corresponding gene expression data, gene ontology term enrichment, and correlation analysis with lipid species pinpoint glycerolipid-related genes to be active during the development of the PZ. Possibilities that lipid metabolism genes may be targets of regulatory mechanisms specifying PZ differentiation in A. alpina are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sergeeva
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tabea Mettler‐Altmann
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Hongjiu Liu
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Mai
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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18
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Zhang X, Feng S, Yang W, Shen Q, Chen S. A Method for Identifying Germplasm that Exhibit Multiple Mutations in the Fatty Acid Synthetic Pathway of
Perilla frutescens
. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Beijing 100700 China
| | - Shuhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Beijing 100700 China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Beijing 100700 China
| | - Qi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Beijing 100700 China
| | - Sha Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei Beijing 100700 China
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19
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Qi W, Lu H, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Huang B, Lu X, Sheteiwy MSA, Kuang S, Shao H. Oil crop genetic modification for producing added value lipids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:777-786. [PMID: 32605455 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1785384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant lipids, mainly stored in seeds and other plant parts, are not only a crucial resource for food and fodder but are also a promising alternative to fossil oils as a chemical industry feedstock. Oil crop cultivation and processing are always important parts of agriculture worldwide. Vegetable oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, very long chain fatty acids, conjugated fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids and wax esters, have outstanding nutritional, lubricating, surfactant, and artificial-fibre-synthesis properties, amongst others. Enhancing the production of such specific lipid components is of economic interest. There has been a considerable amount of information reported about plant lipid biosynthesis, including identification of the pathway map of carbon flux, key enzymes (and the coding genes), and substrate affinities. Plant lipid biosynthesis engineering to produce special oil compounds has become feasible, although until now, only limited progress has been made in the laboratory. It is relatively easy to achieve the experimental objectives, for example, accumulating novel lipid compounds in given plant tissues facilitated by genetic modification. Applying such technologies to agricultural production is difficult, and the challenge is to make engineered crops economically attractive, which is impeded by only moderate success. To achieve this goal, more complicated and systematic strategies should be developed and discussed based on the relevant results currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Qi
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zheng Zhou, PR China
| | - Haiying Lu
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zheng Zhou, PR China
| | - Jihua Cheng
- Yuan Longping High-tech Agriculture Co., LTD, Changsha, PR China
| | - Bangquan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xin Lu
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mohamed Salah Amr Sheteiwy
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, PR China.,Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shaoping Kuang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, PR China.,College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, PR China
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20
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Overexpression of BnKCS1-1, BnKCS1-2, and BnCER1-2 promotes cuticular wax production and increases drought tolerance in Brassica napus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Lin Y, Chen G, Mietkiewska E, Song Z, Caldo KMP, Singer SD, Dyer J, Smith M, McKeon T, Weselake RJ. Castor patatin-like phospholipase A IIIβ facilitates removal of hydroxy fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:521-536. [PMID: 31549344 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Castor patatin-like phospholipase A IIIβ facilitates the exclusion of hydroxy fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine in developing transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) are industrial useful, but their major natural source castor contains toxic components. Although expressing a castor OLEATE 12-HYDROXYLASE in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to the synthesis of HFAs in seeds, a high proportion of the HFAs are retained in phosphatidylcholine (PC). Thus, the liberation of HFA from PC seems to be critical for obtaining HFA-enriched seed oils. Plant phospholipase A (PLA) catalyzes the hydrolysis of PC to release fatty acyl chains that can be subsequently channeled into triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis or other metabolic pathways. To further our knowledge regarding the function of PLAs from HFA-producing plant species, two class III patatin-like PLA cDNAs (pPLAIIIβ or pPLAIIIδ) from castor or Physaria fendleri were overexpressed in a transgenic line of A. thaliana producing C18-HFA, respectively. Only the overexpression of RcpPLAIIIβ resulted in a significant reduction in seed HFA content with concomitant changes in fatty acid composition. Reductions in HFA content occurred in both PC and TAG indicating that HFAs released from PC were not incorporated into TAG. These results suggest that RcpPLAIIIβ may catalyze the removal of HFAs from PC in the developing seeds synthesizing these unusual fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Lin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Elzbieta Mietkiewska
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Okanagan Specialty Fruits Inc. (OSF), 410 Downey Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ziliang Song
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - John Dyer
- USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 North Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Thomas McKeon
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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22
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González Mera IF, González Falconí DE, Morera Córdova V. Secondary metabolites in plants: main classes, phytochemical analysis and pharmacological activities. BIONATURA 2019. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2019.04.04.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are an essential source of chemical compounds with different biological properties that man can use to his advantage. These substances are mainly produced as a result of chemical conversions of secondary metabolism. This article reviews the main classes of secondary metabolites that synthesize plants as well as their characteristics and their biological functions. Examples are provided for each of the classes. Emphasis is placed on the methods of extracting secondary metabolites and phytochemical screening, as well as on the main pharmacological activities described for the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Francesca González Mera
- Yachay Experimental Technology Research University. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering. San Miguel de Urcuquí. Hacienda San José s/n. Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Estefanía González Falconí
- Yachay Experimental Technology Research University. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering. San Miguel de Urcuquí. Hacienda San José s/n. Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Vivian Morera Córdova
- Yachay Experimental Technology Research University. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering. San Miguel de Urcuquí. Hacienda San José s/n. Imbabura, Ecuador
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23
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Isarankura Na Ayudhya N, Laoteng K, Song Y, Meechai A, Vongsangnak W. Metabolic traits specific for lipid-overproducing strain of Mucor circinelloides WJ11 identified by genome-scale modeling approach. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7015. [PMID: 31316868 PMCID: PMC6613434 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome-scale metabolic model of a lipid-overproducing strain of Mucor circinelloides WJ11 was developed. The model (iNI1159) contained 1,159 genes, 648 EC numbers, 1,537 metabolites, and 1,355 metabolic reactions, which were localized in different compartments of the cell. Using flux balance analysis (FBA), the iNI1159 model was validated by predicting the specific growth rate. The metabolic traits investigated by phenotypic phase plane analysis (PhPP) showed a relationship between the nutrient uptake rate, cell growth, and the triacylglycerol production rate, demonstrating the strength of the model. A putative set of metabolic reactions affecting the lipid-accumulation process was identified when the metabolic flux distributions under nitrogen-limited conditions were altered by performing fast flux variability analysis (fastFVA) and relative flux change. Comparative analysis of the metabolic models of the lipid-overproducing strain WJ11 (iNI1159) and the reference strain CBS277.49 (iWV1213) using both fastFVA and coordinate hit-and-run with rounding (CHRR) showed that the flux distributions between these two models were significantly different. Notably, a higher flux distribution through lipid metabolisms such as lanosterol, zymosterol, glycerolipid and fatty acids biosynthesis in iNI1159 was observed, leading to an increased lipid production when compared to iWV1213. In contrast, iWV1213 exhibited a higher flux distribution across carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms and thus generated a high flux for biomass production. This study demonstrated that iNI1159 is an effective predictive tool for the pathway engineering of oleaginous strains for the production of diversified oleochemicals with industrial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapat Isarankura Na Ayudhya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Sciences and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Asawin Meechai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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Jones AD, Boundy-Mills KL, Barla GF, Kumar S, Ubanwa B, Balan V. Microbial Lipid Alternatives to Plant Lipids. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1995:1-32. [PMID: 31148119 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are in high demand in food production, nutritional supplements, detergents, lubricants, and biofuels. Different oil seeds produced from plants are conventionally extracted to yield lipids. With increasing population and reduced availability of cultivable land, conventional methods of producing lipids alone will not satisfy increasing demand. Lipids produced using different microbial sources are considered as sustainable alternative to plant derived lipids. Various microorganisms belonging to the genera of algae, bacteria, yeast, fungi, or marine-derived microorganisms such as thraustochytrids possess the ability to accumulate lipids in their cells. A variety of microbial production technologies are being used to cultivate these organisms under specific conditions using agricultural residues as carbon source to be cost competitive with plant derived lipids. Microbial oils, also known as single cell oils, have many advantages when compared with plant derived lipids, such as shorter life cycle, less labor required, season and climate independence, no use of arable land and ease of scale-up. In this chapter we compare the lipids derived from plants and different microorganisms. We also highlight various analytical techniques that are being used to characterize the lipids produced in oleaginous organisms and their applications in various processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kyria L Boundy-Mills
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - G Florin Barla
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Tyton Biosciences, Danville, VA, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Bryan Ubanwa
- Department of Engineering Technology, Biotechnology Program, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Engineering Technology, Biotechnology Program, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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25
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Faure JD, Napier JA. Europe's first and last field trial of gene-edited plants? eLife 2018; 7:42379. [PMID: 30558714 PMCID: PMC6298765 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
On 5 June this year the first field trial of a CRISPR-Cas-9 gene-edited crop began at Rothamsted Research in the UK, having been approved by the UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. However, in late July 2018, after the trial had started, the European Court of Justice ruled that techniques such as gene editing fall within the European Union’s 2001 GMO directive, meaning that our gene-edited Camelina plants should be considered as genetically modified (GM). Here we describe our experience of running this trial and the legal transformation of our plants. We also consider the future of European plant research using gene-editing techniques, which now fall under the burden of GM regulation, and how this will likely impede translation of publicly funded basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Denis Faure
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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26
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Ohlrogge J, Thrower N, Mhaske V, Stymne S, Baxter M, Yang W, Liu J, Shaw K, Shorrosh B, Zhang M, Wilkerson C, Matthäus B. PlantFAdb: a resource for exploring hundreds of plant fatty acid structures synthesized by thousands of plants and their phylogenetic relationships. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:1299-1308. [PMID: 30242919 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Over 450 structurally distinct fatty acids are synthesized by plants. We have developed PlantFAdb.org, an internet-based database that allows users to search and display fatty acid composition data for over 9000 plants. PlantFAdb includes more than 17 000 data tables from >3000 publications and hundreds of unpublished analyses. This unique feature allows users to easily explore chemotaxonomic relationships between fatty acid structures and plant species by displaying these relationships on dynamic phylogenetic trees. Users can navigate between order, family, genus and species by clicking on nodes in the tree. The weight percentage of a selected fatty acid is indicated on phylogenetic trees and clicking in the graph leads to underlying data tables and publications. The display of chemotaxonomy allows users to quickly explore the diversity of plant species that produce each fatty acid and that can provide insights into the evolution of biosynthetic pathways. Fatty acid compositions and other parameters from each plant species have also been compiled from multiple publications on a single page in graphical form. Links provide simple and intuitive navigation between fatty acid structures, plant species, data tables and the publications that underlie the datasets. In addition to providing an introduction to this resource, this report illustrates examples of insights that can be derived from PlantFAdb. Based on the number of plant families and orders that have not yet been surveyed we estimate that a large number of novel fatty acid structures are still to be discovered in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ohlrogge
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nick Thrower
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Melissa Baxter
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jinjie Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen Shaw
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Meng Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Curtis Wilkerson
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bertrand Matthäus
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Working Group for Lipid Research, Max Rubner-Institut, Detmold, Germany
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Kotapati HK, Bates PD. A normal phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the separation of hydroxy and non-hydroxy neutral lipid classes compatible with ultraviolet and in-line liquid scintillation detection of radioisotopes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:52-59. [PMID: 30368043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a method for the separation of hydroxy fatty acid and non-hydroxy fatty acid containing neutral lipid classes via normal phase HPLC with UV detection on a PVA-Sil column. The hexane/isopropanol/methanol/water based method separates all the neutral lipids in 21 min, and subsequently flushes through the polar lipids by 27 min such that prefractionation of neutral and polar lipids are not required, and the column is re-equilibrated for the next run in 15 min, for a total run time of 45 min per sample. The separation was demonstrated at both 1.0 mL/min and 1.5 mL/min for added applicability for fraction collection or inline analysis. Separation of various hydroxy fatty acid containing lipids was demonstrated from three different plant species Ricinus communis, Physaria fendleri, and engineered Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we have combined this method with an in-line liquid scintillation counter for the separation and quantification of 14C labeled lipids obtained from in vivo metabolic flux experiments conducted in the developing seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kiran Kotapati
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box # 5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box # 5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
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28
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Wood CC, Okada S, Taylor MC, Menon A, Mathew A, Cullerne D, Stephen SJ, Allen RS, Zhou X, Liu Q, Oakeshott JG, Singh SP, Green AG. Seed-specific RNAi in safflower generates a superhigh oleic oil with extended oxidative stability. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1788-1796. [PMID: 29509999 PMCID: PMC6131418 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils extracted from oilseeds are an important component of foods, but are also used in a range of high value oleochemical applications. Despite being biodegradable, nontoxic and renewable current plant oils suffer from the presence of residual polyunsaturated fatty acids that are prone to free radical formation that limit their oxidative stability, and consequently shelf life and functionality. Many decades of plant breeding have been successful in raising the oleic content to ~90%, but have come at the expense of overall field performance, including poor yields. Here, we engineer superhigh oleic (SHO) safflower producing a seed oil with 93% oleic generated from seed produced in multisite field trials spanning five generations. SHO safflower oil is the result of seed-specific hairpin-based RNA interference of two safflower lipid biosynthetic genes, FAD2.2 and FATB, producing seed oil containing less than 1.5% polyunsaturates and only 4% saturates but with no impact on lipid profiles of leaves and roots. Transgenic SHO events were compared to non-GM safflower in multisite trial plots with a wide range of growing season conditions, which showed no evidence of impact on seed yield. The oxidative stability of the field-grown SHO oil produced from various sites was 50 h at 110°C compared to 13 h for conventional ~80% oleic safflower oils. SHO safflower produces a uniquely stable vegetable oil across different field conditions that can provide the scale of production that is required for meeting the global demands for high stability oils in food and the oleochemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anu Mathew
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
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29
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Xu Y, Caldo KMP, Pal-Nath D, Ozga J, Lemieux MJ, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Properties and Biotechnological Applications of Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol Acyltransferase and Phospholipid:diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Terrestrial Plants and Microalgae. Lipids 2018; 53:663-688. [PMID: 30252128 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the major storage lipid in most terrestrial plants and microalgae, and has great nutritional and industrial value. Since the demand for vegetable oil is consistently increasing, numerous studies have been focused on improving the TAG content and modifying the fatty-acid compositions of plant seed oils. In addition, there is a strong research interest in establishing plant vegetative tissues and microalgae as platforms for lipid production. In higher plants and microalgae, TAG biosynthesis occurs via acyl-CoA-dependent or acyl-CoA-independent pathways. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the last and committed step in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of TAG, which appears to represent a bottleneck in oil accumulation in some oilseed species. Membrane-bound and soluble forms of DGAT have been identified with very different amino-acid sequences and biochemical properties. Alternatively, TAG can be formed through acyl-CoA-independent pathways via the catalytic action of membrane-bound phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). As the enzymes catalyzing the terminal steps of TAG formation, DGAT and PDAT play crucial roles in determining the flux of carbon into seed TAG and thus have been considered as the key targets for engineering oil production. Here, we summarize the most recent knowledge on DGAT and PDAT in higher plants and microalgae, with the emphasis on their physiological roles, structural features, and regulation. The development of various metabolic engineering strategies to enhance the TAG content and alter the fatty-acid composition of TAG is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Jocelyn Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Abstract
Studying seed oil metabolism. The seeds of higher plants represent valuable factories capable of converting photosynthetically derived sugars into a variety of storage compounds, including oils. Oils are the most energy-dense plant reserves and fatty acids composing these oils represent an excellent nutritional source. They supply humans with much of the calories and essential fatty acids required in their diet. These oils are then increasingly being utilized as renewable alternatives to petroleum for the chemical industry and for biofuels. Plant oils therefore represent a highly valuable agricultural commodity, the demand for which is increasing rapidly. Knowledge regarding seed oil production is extensively exploited in the frame of breeding programs and approaches of metabolic engineering for oilseed crop improvement. Complementary aspects of this research include (1) the study of carbon metabolism responsible for the conversion of photosynthetically derived sugars into precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis, (2) the identification and characterization of the enzymatic actors allowing the production of the wide set of fatty acid structures found in seed oils, and (3) the investigation of the complex biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of storage lipids (waxes, triacylglycerols). In this review, we outline the most recent developments in our understanding of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of seed oil production, focusing on fatty acids and oils that can have a significant impact on the emerging bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
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Yu JM, Liu YY, Zheng YC, Li H, Zhang XY, Zheng GW, Li CX, Bai YP, Xu JH. Direct Access to Medium-Chain α,ω-Dicarboxylic Acids by Using a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase of Abnormal Regioselectivity. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2049-2054. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Yu-Cong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Yun-Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
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Petronikolou N, Nair SK. Structural and Biochemical Studies of a Biocatalyst for the Enzymatic Production of Wax Esters. ACS Catal 2018; 8:6334-6344. [PMID: 31559109 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wax esters are high-value products whose enzymatic synthesis is of increasing biotechnological interest. The fabrication of cell factories that mass-produce wax esters may provide a facile route towards a sustainable, and environment-friendly approach to a large-scale process for this commodity chemical. An expedient route for wax-ester biocatalysis may be facilitated by the action of enzymes termed wax ester synthases/diacylglycerol acyltransferases (WS/DGAT), which produce wax esters using fatty acids and alcohols as a precursor. In this work, we report the structure for a member of the WS/DGAT superfamily. The structural data in conjunction with bioinformatics and mutational analyses allowed us to identify the substrate binding pockets, and residues that may be important for catalysis. Using this information as a guide, we generated a mutant with preference towards shorter acyl-substrates. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a structure-guided engineering effort towards a WS/DGAT variant with preference towards wax esters of desired lengths.
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Aoyagi T, Kobayashi M, Kozaki A. Design of a Seed-Specific Chimeric Promoter with a Modified Expression Profile to Improve Seed Oil Content. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061667. [PMID: 29874815 PMCID: PMC6032214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the yield of plant oil is an important objective to meet the demand for sustainable resources and energy. Some attempts to enhance the expression of genes involved in oil synthesis in seeds have succeeded in increasing oil content. In many cases, the promoters of seed-storage protein genes have been used as seed-specific promoters. However, conventional promoters are developmentally regulated and their expression periods are limited. We constructed a chimeric promoter that starts to express in the early stage of seed development, and high-level expression is retained until the later stage by connecting the promoters of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein 2 (BCCP2) gene encoding the BCCP2 subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) gene from Arabidopsis. The constructed promoter was ligated upstream of the TAG1 gene encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and introduced into Arabidopsis. Seeds from transgenic plants carrying AtTAG1 under the control of the chimeric promoter showed increased oil content (up by 18–73%) compared with wild-type seeds. The novel expression profile of the chimeric promoter showed that this could be a promising strategy to manipulate the content of seed-storage oils and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Aoyagi
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Masaya Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kozaki
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Karki N, Bates PD. The effect of light conditions on interpreting oil composition engineering in Arabidopsis seeds. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00067. [PMID: 31245729 PMCID: PMC6508571 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is the most developed and utilized model plant. In particular, it is an excellent model for proof-of-concept seed oil engineering studies because it accumulates approximately 37% seed oil by weight, and it is closely related to important Brassicaceae oilseed crops. Arabidopsis can be grown under a wide variety of conditions including continuous light; however, the amount of light is strongly correlated with total seed oil accumulation. In addition, many attempts to engineer novel seed oil fatty acid compositions in Arabidopsis have reported significant reductions in oil accumulation; however, the relative reduction from the nontransgenic controls varies greatly within the literature. A set of experiments were conducted to systematically analyze the effect of light conditions (including day/night cycle vs. continuous light, and different light intensities) on the relative accumulation of seed oil between three different transgenic lines producing novel hydroxy fatty acids and their nontransgenic background. Oil content was measured per seed and as a percentage of seed weight. Our results indicate the relative amount of seed oil between transgenic lines and nontransgenic controls is dependent on both the light conditions and the type of oil content measurement utilized. In addition, the light conditions effect the relative accumulation of the novel fatty acids between various transgenic lines. Therefore, the success of novel fatty acid proof-of-concept engineering strategies on both oil accumulation and fatty acid composition in Arabidopsis seeds should be considered in light of the select growth and measurement conditions prior to moving engineering strategies into crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nischal Karki
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMississippi
| | - Philip D. Bates
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMississippi
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35
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Miklaszewska M, Dittrich-Domergue F, Banaś A, Domergue F. Wax synthase MhWS2 from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus: substrate specificity and biotechnological potential for wax ester production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4063-4074. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Bioactivity and biotechnological production of punicic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3537-3549. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Yu D, Hornung E, Iven T, Feussner I. High-level accumulation of oleyl oleate in plant seed oil by abundant supply of oleic acid substrates to efficient wax ester synthesis enzymes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:53. [PMID: 29507605 PMCID: PMC5831613 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotechnology enables the production of high-valued industrial feedstocks from plant seed oil. The plant-derived wax esters with long-chain monounsaturated acyl moieties, like oleyl oleate, have favorite properties for lubrication. For biosynthesis of wax esters using acyl-CoA substrates, expressions of a fatty acyl reductase (FAR) and a wax synthase (WS) in seeds are sufficient. RESULTS For optimization of the enzymatic activity and subcellular localization of wax ester synthesis enzymes, two fusion proteins were created, which showed wax ester-forming activities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To promote the formation of oleyl oleate in seed oil, WSs from Acinetobactor baylyi (AbWSD1) and Marinobacter aquaeolei (MaWS2), as well as the two created fusion proteins were tested in Arabidopsis to evaluate their abilities and substrate preference for wax ester production. The tested seven enzyme combinations resulted in different yields and compositions of wax esters. Expression of a FAR of Marinobacter aquaeolei (MaFAR) with AbWSD1 or MaWS2 led to a high incorporation of C18 substrates in wax esters. The MaFAR/TMMmAWAT2-AbWSD1 combination resulted in the incorporation of more C18:1 alcohol and C18:0 acyl moieties into wax esters compared with MaFAR/AbWSD1. The fusion protein of a WS from Simmondsia chinensis (ScWS) with MaFAR exhibited higher specificity toward C20:1 substrates in preference to C18:1 substrates. Expression of MaFAR/AbWSD1 in the Arabidopsis fad2 fae1 double mutant resulted in the accumulation of oleyl oleate (18:1/18:1) in up to 62 mol% of total wax esters in seed oil, which was much higher than the 15 mol% reached by MaFAR/AbWSD1 in Arabidopsis Col-0 background. In order to increase the level of oleyl oleate in seed oil of Camelina, lines expressing MaFAR/ScWS were crossed with a transgenic high oleate line. The resulting plants accumulated up to >40 mg g seed-1 of wax esters, containing 27-34 mol% oleyl oleate. CONCLUSIONS The overall yields and the compositions of wax esters can be strongly affected by the availability of acyl-CoA substrates and to a lesser extent, by the characteristics of wax ester synthesis enzymes. For synthesis of oleyl oleate in plant seed oil, appropriate wax ester synthesis enzymes with high catalytic efficiency and desired substrate specificity should be expressed in plant cells; meanwhile, high levels of oleic acid-derived substrates need to be supplied to these enzymes by modifying the fatty acid profile of developing seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Hornung
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tim Iven
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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Lavergne FD, Broeckling CD, Cockrell DM, Haley SD, Peairs FB, Jahn CE, Heuberger AL. GC-MS Metabolomics to Evaluate the Composition of Plant Cuticular Waxes for Four Triticum aestivum Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E249. [PMID: 29360745 PMCID: PMC5855543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop, and biotic and abiotic stresses significantly impact grain yield. Wheat leaf and stem surface waxes are associated with traits of biological importance, including stress resistance. Past studies have characterized the composition of wheat cuticular waxes, however protocols can be relatively low-throughput and narrow in the range of metabolites detected. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics methods were utilized to provide a comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of cuticular waxes in wheat leaves and stems. Further, waxes from four wheat cultivars were assayed to evaluate the potential for GC-MS metabolomics to describe wax composition attributed to differences in wheat genotype. A total of 263 putative compounds were detected and included 58 wax compounds that can be classified (e.g., alkanes and fatty acids). Many of the detected wax metabolites have known associations to important biological functions. Principal component analysis and ANOVA were used to evaluate metabolite distribution, which was attributed to both tissue type (leaf, stem) and cultivar differences. Leaves contained more primary alcohols than stems such as 6-methylheptacosan-1-ol and octacosan-1-ol. The metabolite data were validated using scanning electron microscopy of epicuticular wax crystals which detected wax tubules and platelets. Conan was the only cultivar to display alcohol-associated platelet-shaped crystals on its abaxial leaf surface. Taken together, application of GC-MS metabolomics enabled the characterization of cuticular wax content in wheat tissues and provided relative quantitative comparisons among sample types, thus contributing to the understanding of wax composition associated with important phenotypic traits in a major crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent D Lavergne
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Corey D Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Darren M Cockrell
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Scott D Haley
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Frank B Peairs
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Courtney E Jahn
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Cui Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Qin S, Lu Y. Characterization and engineering of a dual-function diacylglycerol acyltransferase in the oleaginous marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:32. [PMID: 29449880 PMCID: PMC5806285 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthetic oleaginous microalgae are promising feedstocks for biofuels. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) represent rich sources for engineering microalgal lipid production. The principal activity of DGATs has been defined as a single-function enzyme catalyzing the esterification of diacylglycerol with acyl-CoA. RESULTS A dual-function PtWS/DGAT associated with diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is discovered in the current study. Distinctive to documented microalgal DGAT types, PtWS/DGAT exhibits activities of both a wax ester synthase (WS) and a DGAT. WS/DGATs are broadly distributed in microalgae, with different topology and phylogeny from those of DGAT1s, DGAT2s, and DGAT3s. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that PtWS/DGAT, functioning as either a WS or a DGAT, exhibited a preference on saturated FA substrate. Endogenous overexpression of PtWS/DGAT demonstrated that the DGAT activity was dominant, whereas the WS activity was condition dependent and relatively minor. Compared with the wild type (WT), overexpression of PtWS/DGAT in the diatom resulted in increased levels of total lipids (TL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) regardless of nitrogen availability. The stability and scalability of the introduced traits were further investigated at a 10-L photobioreactor, where the mutant growth resembled WT, with moderately increased productivity of TL and TAG. Furthermore, the production of wax esters increased considerably (from undetectable levels to 2.83%) under nitrogen-deplete conditions. CONCLUSIONS PtWS/DGAT is a bifunctional enzyme and may serve as a promising target for the engineering of microalga-based oils and waxes for future industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong China
| | - Jialin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408 China
| | - Yinchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong China
| | - Yandu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228 China
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Garaiova M, Mietkiewska E, Weselake RJ, Holic R. Metabolic engineering of Schizosaccharomyces pombe to produce punicic acid, a conjugated fatty acid with nutraceutic properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7913-7922. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Yurchenko O, Shockey JM, Gidda SK, Silver MI, Chapman KD, Mullen RT, Dyer JM. Engineering the production of conjugated fatty acids in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1010-1023. [PMID: 28083898 PMCID: PMC5506653 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of many nondomesticated plant species synthesize oils containing high amounts of a single unusual fatty acid, many of which have potential usage in industry. Despite the identification of enzymes for unusual oxidized fatty acid synthesis, the production of these fatty acids in engineered seeds remains low and is often hampered by their inefficient exclusion from phospholipids. Recent studies have established the feasibility of increasing triacylglycerol content in plant leaves, which provides a novel approach for increasing energy density of biomass crops. Here, we determined whether the fatty acid composition of leaf oil could be engineered to accumulate unusual fatty acids. Eleostearic acid (ESA) is a conjugated fatty acid produced in seeds of the tung tree (Vernicia fordii) and has both industrial and nutritional end-uses. Arabidopsis thaliana lines with elevated leaf oil were first generated by transforming wild-type, cgi-58 or pxa1 mutants (the latter two of which contain mutations disrupting fatty acid breakdown) with the diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1 or DGAT2) and/or oleosin genes from tung. High-leaf-oil plant lines were then transformed with tung FADX, which encodes the fatty acid desaturase/conjugase responsible for ESA synthesis. Analysis of lipids in leaves revealed that ESA was efficiently excluded from phospholipids, and co-expression of tung FADX and DGAT2 promoted a synergistic increase in leaf oil content and ESA accumulation. Taken together, these results provide a new approach for increasing leaf oil content that is coupled with accumulation of unusual fatty acids. Implications for production of biofuels, bioproducts, and plant-pest interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yurchenko
- USDA‐ARSUS Arid‐Land Agricultural Research CenterMaricopaAZUSA
| | - Jay M. Shockey
- USDA‐ARSSouthern Regional Research CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Satinder K. Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Maxwell I. Silver
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTXUSA
| | - Robert T. Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - John M. Dyer
- USDA‐ARSUS Arid‐Land Agricultural Research CenterMaricopaAZUSA
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Ruiz‐Lopez N, Broughton R, Usher S, Salas JJ, Haslam RP, Napier JA, Beaudoin F. Tailoring the composition of novel wax esters in the seeds of transgenic Camelina sativa through systematic metabolic engineering. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:837-849. [PMID: 27990737 PMCID: PMC5466440 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The functional characterization of wax biosynthetic enzymes in transgenic plants has opened the possibility of producing tailored wax esters (WEs) in the seeds of a suitable host crop. In this study, in addition to systematically evaluating a panel of WE biosynthetic activities, we have also modulated the acyl-CoA substrate pool, through the co-expression of acyl-ACP thioesterases, to direct the accumulation of medium-chain fatty acids. Using this combinatorial approach, we determined the additive contribution of both the varied acyl-CoA pool and biosynthetic enzyme substrate specificity to the accumulation of non-native WEs in the seeds of transgenic Camelina plants. A total of fourteen constructs were prepared containing selected FAR and WS genes in combination with an acyl-ACP thioesterase. All enzyme combinations led to the successful production of wax esters, of differing compositions. The impact of acyl-CoA thioesterase expression on wax ester accumulation varied depending on the substrate specificity of the WS. Hence, co-expression of acyl-ACP thioesterases with Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus WS and Marinobacter aquaeolei FAR resulted in the production of WEs with reduced chain lengths, whereas the co-expression of the same acyl-ACP thioesterases in combination with Mus musculus WS and M. aquaeolei FAR had little impact on the overall final wax composition. This was despite substantial remodelling of the acyl-CoA pool, suggesting that these substrates were not efficiently incorporated into WEs. These results indicate that modification of the substrate pool requires careful selection of the WS and FAR activities for the successful high accumulation of these novel wax ester species in Camelina seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Ruiz‐Lopez
- IHSM‐UMA‐CSICUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Richard Broughton
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | - Sarah Usher
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | | | - Richard P. Haslam
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
| | | | - Frédéric Beaudoin
- Department of Biological ChemistryRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertsUK
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Miklaszewska M, Banaś A, Królicka A. Metabolic engineering of fatty alcohol production in transgenic hairy roots of Crambe abyssinica. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1275-1282. [PMID: 27943249 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnological production of fatty alcohols, important raw materials in the chemical industry, has been receiving considerable attention in recent years. Fatty alcohols are formed by the reduction of fatty acyl-CoAs or fatty acyl-ACPs catalyzed by a fatty acyl reductase (FAR). In this study, we introduced genes encoding FARs from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtFAR5) and Simmondsia chinensis (ScFAR) into Crambe abyssinica hairy roots via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. The efficiency of the transformation ranged between 30 and 45%. The fatty alcohols were only detected in the transgenic hairy root lines expressing ScFAR gene. In all tested lines stearyl alcohol (18:0-OH), arachidyl alcohol (20:0-OH), and behenyl alcohol (22:0-OH) were produced. The content of 18:0-OH varied from 1 to 3% of total fatty acids and fatty alcohols, while the amount of either 20:0-OH and 22:0-OH did not exceed 2%. The transgenic hairy root lines produced from 0.98 to 2.59 nmol of fatty alcohols per mg of dry weight. Very low activity of ScFAR was detected in the microsomal fractions isolated from the selected hairy root lines. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the fatty alcohol production in the hairy root cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1275-1282. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Miklaszewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Abrahama, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królicka
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Abrahama, Gdańsk, Poland
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44
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Zhang M, Cao X, Jia Q, Ohlrogge J. FUSCA3 activates triacylglycerol accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings and tobacco BY2 cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:95-107. [PMID: 27288837 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the main storage lipid in plant seeds and the major form of plant oil used for food and, increasingly, for industrial and biofuel applications. Several transcription factors, including FUSCA3 (At3 g26790, FUS3), are associated with embryo maturation and oil biosynthesis in seeds. However, the ability of FUS3 to increase TAG biosynthesis in other tissues has not been quantitatively examined. Here, we evaluated the ability of FUS3 to activate TAG accumulation in non-seed tissues. Overexpression of FUS3 driven by an estradiol-inducible promoter increased oil contents in Arabidopsis seedlings up to 6% of dry weight; more than 50-fold over controls. Eicosenoic acid, a characteristic fatty acid of Arabidopsis seed oil, accumulated to over 20% of fatty acids in cotyledons and leaves. These large increases depended on added sucrose, although without sucrose TAG increased three- to four-fold. Inducing the expression of FUS3 in tobacco BY2 cells also increased TAG accumulation, and co-expression of FUS3 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) further increased TAG levels to 4% of dry weight. BY2 cell growth was not altered by FUS3 expression, although Arabidopsis seedling development was impaired, consistent with the ability of FUS3 to induce embryo characteristics in non-seed tissues. Microarrays of Arabidopsis seedlings revealed that FUS3 overexpression increased the expression of a higher proportion of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis than genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis or other lipid pathways. Together these results provide additional insights into FUS3 functions in TAG metabolism and suggest complementary strategies for engineering vegetative oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Qingli Jia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - John Ohlrogge
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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45
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Shrestha P, Callahan DL, Singh SP, Petrie JR, Zhou XR. Reduced Triacylglycerol Mobilization during Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Arabidopsis Containing Nutritionally Important Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1402. [PMID: 27725822 PMCID: PMC5035741 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There are now several examples of plant species engineered to synthesize and accumulate nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids in their seed triacylglycerols (TAG). The utilization of TAG in germinating seeds of such transgenic plants was unknown. In this study, we examined the TAG utilization efficiency during seed germination in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds containing several examples of these fatty acids. Seed TAG species with native fatty acids had higher utilization rate than the TAG species containing transgenically produced polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conversely, quantification of the fatty acid components remaining in the total TAG after early stages of seed germination revealed that the undigested TAGs tended to contain elevated levels of the engineered polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). LC-MS analysis further revealed asymmetrical mobilization rates for the individual TAG species. TAGs which contained multiple PUFA fatty acids were mobilized slower than the species containing single PUFA. The mobilized engineered fatty acids were used in de novo membrane lipid synthesis during seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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46
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Tiwari GJ, Liu Q, Shreshtha P, Li Z, Rahman S. RNAi-mediated down-regulation of the expression of OsFAD2-1: effect on lipid accumulation and expression of lipid biosynthetic genes in the rice grain. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:189. [PMID: 27581494 PMCID: PMC5007732 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bran from polished rice grains can be used to produce rice bran oil (RBO). High oleic (HO) RBO has been generated previously through RNAi down-regulation of OsFAD2-1. HO-RBO has higher oxidative stability and could be directly used in the food industry without hydrogenation, and is hence free of trans fatty acids. However, relative to a classic oilseed, lipid metabolism in the rice grain is poorly studied and the genetic alteration in the novel HO genotype remains unexplored. RESULTS Here, we have undertaken further analysis of role of OsFAD2-1 in the developing rice grain. The use of Illumina-based NGS transcriptomics analysis of developing rice grain reveals that knockdown of Os-FAD2-1 gene expression was accompanied by the down regulation of the expression of a number of key genes in the lipid biosynthesis pathway in the HO rice line. A slightly higher level of oil accumulation was also observed in the HO-RBO. CONCLUSION Prominent among the down regulated genes were those that coded for FatA, LACS, SAD2, SAD5, caleosin and steroleosin. It may be possible to further increase the oleic acid content in rice oil by altering the expression of the lipid biosynthetic genes that are affected in the HO line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Ji Tiwari
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Pushkar Shreshtha
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Naim F, Shrestha P, Singh SP, Waterhouse PM, Wood CC. Stable expression of silencing-suppressor protein enhances the performance and longevity of an engineered metabolic pathway. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1418-26. [PMID: 26628000 PMCID: PMC5063197 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic engineering of plants is important in both basic and applied research. However, the expression of a transgene can dwindle over time as the plant's small (s)RNA-guided silencing pathways shut it down. The silencing pathways have evolved as antiviral defence mechanisms, and viruses have co-evolved viral silencing-suppressor proteins (VSPs) to block them. Therefore, VSPs have been routinely used alongside desired transgene constructs to enhance their expression in transient assays. However, constitutive, stable expression of a VSP in a plant usually causes pronounced developmental abnormalities, as their actions interfere with endogenous microRNA-regulated processes, and has largely precluded the use of VSPs as an aid to stable transgene expression. In an attempt to avoid the deleterious effects but obtain the enhancing effect, a number of different VSPs were expressed exclusively in the seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana alongside a three-step transgenic pathway for the synthesis of arachidonic acid (AA), an ω-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. Results from independent transgenic events, maintained for four generations, showed that the VSP-AA-transformed plants were developmentally normal, apart from minor phenotypes at the cotyledon stage, and could produce 40% more AA than plants transformed with the AA transgene cassette alone. Intriguingly, a geminivirus VSP, V2, was constitutively expressed without causing developmental defects, as it acts on the siRNA amplification step that is not part of the miRNA pathway, and gave strong transgene enhancement. These results demonstrate that VSP expression can be used to protect and enhance stable transgene performance and has significant biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Naim
- CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter M Waterhouse
- CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Branham SE, Wright SJ, Reba A, Linder CR. Genome-Wide Association Study of Arabidopsis thaliana Identifies Determinants of Natural Variation in Seed Oil Composition. J Hered 2016; 107:248-56. [PMID: 26704140 PMCID: PMC4885229 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The renewable source of highly reduced carbon provided by plant triacylglycerols (TAGs) fills an ever increasing demand for food, biodiesel, and industrial chemicals. Each of these uses requires different compositions of fatty acid proportions in seed oils. Identifying the genes responsible for variation in seed oil composition in nature provides targets for bioengineering fatty acid proportions optimized for various industrial and nutrition goals. Here, we characterized the seed oil composition of 391 world-wide, wild accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the 9 major fatty acids in the seed oil and 4 composite measures of the fatty acids. Four to 19 regions of interest were associated with the seed oil composition traits. Thirty-four of the genes in these regions are involved in lipid metabolism or transport, with 14 specific to fatty acid synthesis or breakdown. Eight of the genes encode transcription factors. We have identified genes significantly associated with variation in fatty acid proportions that can be used as a resource across the Brassicaceae. Two-thirds of the regions identified contain candidate genes that have never been implicated in lipid metabolism and represent potential new targets for bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Branham
- From the US Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414 (Branham); Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (Wright); Integrative Biology Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (Branham, Reba, and Linder).
| | - Sara J Wright
- From the US Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414 (Branham); Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (Wright); Integrative Biology Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (Branham, Reba, and Linder)
| | - Aaron Reba
- From the US Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414 (Branham); Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (Wright); Integrative Biology Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (Branham, Reba, and Linder)
| | - C Randal Linder
- From the US Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414 (Branham); Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (Wright); Integrative Biology Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (Branham, Reba, and Linder)
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Bates PD. Understanding the control of acyl flux through the lipid metabolic network of plant oil biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1214-1225. [PMID: 27003249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant oil biosynthesis involves a complex metabolic network with multiple subcellular compartments, parallel pathways, cycles, and pathways that have a dual function to produce essential membrane lipids and triacylglycerol. Modern molecular biology techniques provide tools to alter plant oil compositions through bioengineering, however with few exceptions the final composition of triacylglycerol cannot be predicted. One reason for limited success in oilseed bioengineering is the inadequate understanding of how to control the flux of fatty acids through various fatty acid modification, and triacylglycerol assembly pathways of the lipid metabolic network. This review focuses on the mechanisms of acyl flux through the lipid metabolic network, and highlights where uncertainty resides in our understanding of seed oil biosynthesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Bates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. #5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, United States.
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50
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Zhu LH, Krens F, Smith MA, Li X, Qi W, van Loo EN, Iven T, Feussner I, Nazarenus TJ, Huai D, Taylor DC, Zhou XR, Green AG, Shockey J, Klasson KT, Mullen RT, Huang B, Dyer JM, Cahoon EB. Dedicated Industrial Oilseed Crops as Metabolic Engineering Platforms for Sustainable Industrial Feedstock Production. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22181. [PMID: 26916792 PMCID: PMC4768164 DOI: 10.1038/srep22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedstocks for industrial applications ranging from polymers to lubricants are largely derived from petroleum, a non-renewable resource. Vegetable oils with fatty acid structures and storage forms tailored for specific industrial uses offer renewable and potentially sustainable sources of petrochemical-type functionalities. A wide array of industrial vegetable oils can be generated through biotechnology, but will likely require non-commodity oilseed platforms dedicated to specialty oil production for commercial acceptance. Here we show the feasibility of three Brassicaceae oilseeds crambe, camelina, and carinata, none of which are widely cultivated for food use, as hosts for complex metabolic engineering of wax esters for lubricant applications. Lines producing wax esters >20% of total seed oil were generated for each crop and further improved for high temperature oxidative stability by down-regulation of fatty acid polyunsaturation. Field cultivation of optimized wax ester-producing crambe demonstrated commercial utility of these engineered crops and a path for sustainable production of other industrial oils in dedicated specialty oilseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Frans Krens
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Smith
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Xueyuan Li
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Weicong Qi
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eibertus N. van Loo
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Iven
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tara J. Nazarenus
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - David C. Taylor
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Jay Shockey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, Commodity Utilization Research Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - K. Thomas Klasson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, Commodity Utilization Research Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Robert T. Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bangquan Huang
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - John M. Dyer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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