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Hu W, Loka DA, Yang Y, Wu Z, Wang J, Liu L, Wang S, Zhou Z. Partial root-zone drying irrigation improves intrinsic water-use efficiency and maintains high photosynthesis by uncoupling stomatal and mesophyll conductance in cotton leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3147-3165. [PMID: 38693776 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRD) can improve water-use efficiency (WUE) without reductions in photosynthesis; however, the mechanism by which this is attained is unclear. To amend that, PRD conditions were simulated by polyethylene glycol 6000 in a root-splitting system and the effects of PRD on cotton growth were studied. Results showed that PRD decreased stomatal conductance (gs) but increased mesophyll conductance (gm). Due to the contrasting effects on gs and gm, net photosynthetic rate (AN) remained unaffected, while the enhanced gm/gs ratio facilitated a larger intrinsic WUE. Further analyses indicated that PRD-induced reduction of gs was related to decreased stomatal size and stomatal pore area in adaxial and abaxial surface which was ascribed to lower pore length and width. PRD-induced variation of gm was ascribed to the reduced liquid-phase resistance, due to increases in chloroplast area facing to intercellular airspaces and the ratio of chloroplast surface area to total mesophyll cell area exposed to intercellular airspaces, as well as to decreases in the distance between cell wall and chloroplast, and between adjacent chloroplasts. The above results demonstrate that PRD, through alterations to stomatal and mesophyll structures, decoupled gs and gm responses, which ultimately increased intrinsic WUE and maintained AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Larisa, Greece
| | - Yuanli Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Wu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wilhelm de Almeida L, Pastenes C, Ojeda H, Torregrosa L, Pellegrino A. Water deficit differentially modulates leaf photosynthesis and transpiration of fungus-tolerant Muscadinia x Vitis hybrids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1405343. [PMID: 38817935 PMCID: PMC11137165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1405343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Screening for drought performance among novel fungi-tolerant grapevine genotypes is a key point to consider in semiarid regions where water scarcity is a common problem during fruit ripening period. It is therefore important to evaluate the genotypes' responses at the level of carbon metabolism and water demand, under water deficit conditions. This study aimed to characterize leaf and plant water use efficiency (respectively named WUEi and WUEpl) of novel INRAE fungi-tolerant genotypes (including LowSugarBerry (LSB) genotypes), under mild and high-water deficit (WD) and to decipher the photosynthetic parameters leading to higher WUEi. For this purpose, experiments were conducted on potted plants during one season using a phenotyping platform. Two stabilized soil moisture capacity (SMC) conditions, corresponding to mild (SMC 0.6) and high (SMC 0.3) WD, were imposed from the onset of berry ripening until the physiological ripeness stage, which was defined as the point at which fruits reach their maximum solutes and water content. At the whole plant level, all genotypes increased WUEpl under high WD. The highest WUEpl was reached for 3176N, which displayed both a high rate of non-structural carbon accumulation in fruits due to high fruit-to-leaf ratio and low plant transpiration because of low total leaf area. However, when normalizing the fruit-to-leaf ratio among the genotypes, G14 reached the highest normalized WUEpl_n under high WD. At the leaf level, WUEi also increased under high WD, with the highest value attained for G14 and 3176N and the lowest value for Syrah. The higher WUEi values for all genotypes compared to Syrah were associated to higher levels of photosynthesis and changes in light-harvesting efficiency parameters (ΦCO2, qP and qN), while no clear trend was apparent when considering the photosynthetic biochemical parameters (Vcmax, Jmax). Finally, a positive correlation between leaf and plant WUE was observed regardless of genotypes. This study allowed us to classify grapevine genotypes based on their grapes primary metabolite accumulation and water consumption during the critical sugar-loading period. Additionally, the study highlighted the potential drought adaptation mechanism of the LSB genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Wilhelm de Almeida
- UE Pech Rouge, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Gruissan, France
- UMR LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudio Pastenes
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Ojeda
- UE Pech Rouge, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Gruissan, France
| | - Laurent Torregrosa
- UE Pech Rouge, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Gruissan, France
- UMR LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Pellegrino
- UMR LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Han Q, Yang L, Xia L, Zhang H, Zhang S. Interspecific grafting promotes poplar growth and drought resistance via regulating phytohormone signaling and secondary metabolic pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108594. [PMID: 38581808 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Populus cathayana (C) grafted onto P. deltoides (D) (C/D) can promote growth better than self-grafting (C/C and D/D). However, the mechanisms underlying growth and resistance to drought stress are not clear. In this study, we performed physiological and RNA-seq analysis on the different grafted combinations. It was found that C/D plants exhibited higher growth, net photosynthetic rate, IAA content and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) than C/C and D/D plants under both well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. However, most growth, photosynthetic indices, and IAA content were decreased less in C/D, whereas ABA content, WUEi and root characteristics (e.g., root length, volume, surface area and vitality) were increased more in C/D than in other grafting combinations under drought-stressed conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves of C/D vs C/C (control, 181; drought, 121) was much lower than that in the roots of C/D vs D/D (control, 1639; drought, 1706), indicating that the rootstocks were more responsive to drought resistance. KEGG and GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the enhanced growth and drought resistance of C/D were mainly related to DEGs involved in the pathways of ABA and IAA signaling, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, especially the pathways for lignin and dopamine synthesis and metabolism. Therefore, our results further demonstrated the dominant role of rootstock in drought resistance, and enriched our knowledge on the mechanism of how interspecific grafting enhanced the growth and drought resistance in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Han
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Linchao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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4
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Sun W, Maseyk K, Lett C, Seibt U. Restricted internal diffusion weakens transpiration-photosynthesis coupling during heatwaves: Evidence from leaf carbonyl sulphide exchange. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1813-1833. [PMID: 38321806 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Increasingly frequent and intense heatwaves threaten ecosystem health in a warming climate. However, plant responses to heatwaves are poorly understood. A key uncertainty concerns the intensification of transpiration when heatwaves suppress photosynthesis, known as transpiration-photosynthesis decoupling. Field observations of such decoupling are scarce, and the underlying physiological mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we use carbonyl sulphide (COS) as a leaf gas exchange tracer to examine potential mechanisms leading to transpiration-photosynthesis decoupling on a coast live oak in a southern California woodland in spring 2013. We found that heatwaves suppressed both photosynthesis and leaf COS uptake but increased transpiration or sustained it at non-heatwave levels throughout the day. Despite statistically significant decoupling between transpiration and photosynthesis, stomatal sensitivity to environmental factors did not change during heatwaves. Instead, midday photosynthesis during heatwaves was restricted by internal diffusion, as indicated by the lower internal conductance to COS. Thus, increased evaporative demand and nonstomatal limitation to photosynthesis act jointly to decouple transpiration from photosynthesis without altering stomatal sensitivity. Decoupling offered limited potential cooling benefits, questioning its effectiveness for leaf thermoregulation in xeric ecosystems. We suggest that adding COS to leaf and ecosystem flux measurements helps elucidate diverse physiological mechanisms underlying transpiration-photosynthesis decoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Sun
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kadmiel Maseyk
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Céline Lett
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ulli Seibt
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Salesse-Smith CE, Lochocki EB, Doran L, Haas BE, Stutz SS, Long SP. Greater mesophyll conductance and leaf photosynthesis in the field through modified cell wall porosity and thickness via AtCGR3 expression in tobacco. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38687118 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) describes the ease with which CO2 passes from the sub-stomatal cavities of the leaf to the primary carboxylase of photosynthesis, Rubisco. Increasing gm is suggested as a means to engineer increases in photosynthesis by increasing [CO2] at Rubisco, inhibiting oxygenation and accelerating carboxylation. Here, tobacco was transgenically up-regulated with Arabidopsis Cotton Golgi-related 3 (CGR3), a gene controlling methylesterification of pectin, as a strategy to increase CO2 diffusion across the cell wall and thereby increase gm. Across three independent events in tobacco strongly expressing AtCGR3, mesophyll cell wall thickness was decreased by 7%-13%, wall porosity increased by 75% and gm measured by carbon isotope discrimination increased by 28%. Importantly, field-grown plants showed an average 8% increase in leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake. Up-regulating CGR3 provides a new strategy for increasing gm in dicotyledonous crops, leading to higher CO2 assimilation and a potential means to sustainable crop yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie E Salesse-Smith
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Edward B Lochocki
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lynn Doran
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin E Haas
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Samantha S Stutz
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Xu Q, Dong X, Huang W, Li Z, Huang T, Song Z, Yang Y, Chen J. Evaluating the Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Drip Irrigation Cotton under Film in Xinjiang Based on Meta-Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:640. [PMID: 38475485 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Water scarcity constrains the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, and deficit irrigation as a new irrigation technology can effectively alleviate the problems of water scarcity and water use inefficiency in agriculture. In this study, the drip irrigation cotton field under film in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. Meta-analysis and machine learning were used to quantitatively analyze the effects of different farm management practices, climate, and soil conditions on cotton yield and water use efficiency under deficit irrigation, to investigate the importance of the effects of different factors on cotton yield and water use efficiency, and to formulate appropriate optimization strategies. The results showed that deficit irrigation significantly increased cotton water use efficiency (7.39%) but decreased cotton yield (-15.00%) compared with full irrigation. All three deficit irrigation levels (80~100% FI, 60~80% FI, and 40~60% FI; FI: full irrigation) showed a significant decrease in cotton yield and a significant increase in water use efficiency. Under deficit irrigation, cotton yield reduction was the smallest and cotton water use efficiency increased the most when planted with one film, two tubes, a six-row cropping pattern, an irrigation frequency ≥10 times, a nitrogen application of 300~400 kg·ha-1, and a crop density ≥240,000 per hectare, and planted with the Xinluzhong series of cotton varieties; deficit irrigation in areas with average annual temperature >10 °C, annual evapotranspiration >2000 mm, annual precipitation <60 mm, and with loam, sandy soil had the least inhibition of cotton yield and the greatest increase in cotton water use efficiency. The results of the random forest showed that the irrigation amount and nitrogen application had the greatest influence on cotton yield and water use efficiency. Rational irrigation based on optimal management practices under conditions of irrigation not less than 90% FI is expected to achieve a win-win situation for both cotton yield and water use efficiency. The above results can provide the best strategy for deficit irrigation and efficient water use in drip irrigation cotton under film in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zaijin Song
- Research Office, Beijing City University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Jinsai Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Gómez-Fernández A, Aranda I, Milla R. Early human selection of crops' wild progenitors explains the acquisitive physiology of modern cultivars. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:25-36. [PMID: 38172574 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Crops have resource-acquisitive leaf traits, which are usually attributed to the process of domestication. However, early choices of wild plants amenable for domestication may also have played a key role in the evolution of crops' physiological traits. Here we compiled data on 1,034 annual herbs to place the ecophysiological traits of 69 crops' wild progenitors in the context of global botanical variation, and we conducted a common-garden experiment to measure the effects of domestication on crop ecophysiology. Our study found that crops' wild progenitors already had high leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, conductance and transpiration and soft leaves. After domestication, ecophysiological traits varied little and in idiosyncratic ways. Crops did not surpass the trait boundaries of wild species. Overall, the resource-acquisitive strategy of crops is largely due to the inheritance from their wild progenitors rather than to further breeding improvements. Our study concurs with recent literature highlighting constraints of crop breeding for faster ecophysiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gómez-Fernández
- Grupo de investigación en Ecología Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Milla
- Grupo de investigación en Ecología Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
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Pathare VS, Panahabadi R, Sonawane BV, Apalla AJ, Koteyeva N, Bartley LE, Cousins AB. Altered cell wall hydroxycinnamate composition impacts leaf- and canopy-level CO2 uptake and water use in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:190-208. [PMID: 37503807 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall properties play a major role in determining photosynthetic carbon uptake and water use through their impact on mesophyll conductance (CO2 diffusion from substomatal cavities into photosynthetic mesophyll cells) and leaf hydraulic conductance (water movement from xylem, through leaf tissue, to stomata). Consequently, modification of cell wall (CW) properties might help improve photosynthesis and crop water use efficiency (WUE). We tested this using 2 independent transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) lines overexpressing the rice OsAT10 gene (encoding a "BAHD" CoA acyltransferase), which alters CW hydroxycinnamic acid content (more para-coumaric acid and less ferulic acid). Plants were grown under high and low water levels, and traits related to leaf anatomy, CW composition, gas exchange, hydraulics, plant biomass, and canopy-level water use were measured. Alteration of hydroxycinnamic acid content led to statistically significant decreases in mesophyll CW thickness (-14%) and increased mesophyll conductance (+120%) and photosynthesis (+22%). However, concomitant increases in stomatal conductance negated the increased photosynthesis, resulting in no change in intrinsic WUE (ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance). Leaf hydraulic conductance was also unchanged; however, transgenic plants showed small but statistically significant increases in aboveground biomass (AGB) (+12.5%) and canopy-level WUE (+8.8%; ratio of AGB to water used) and performed better under low water levels than wild-type plants. Our results demonstrate that changes in CW composition, specifically hydroxycinnamic acid content, can increase mesophyll conductance and photosynthesis in C3 cereal crops such as rice. However, attempts to improve photosynthetic WUE will need to enhance mesophyll conductance and photosynthesis while maintaining or decreasing stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha S Pathare
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Rahele Panahabadi
- College of Agricultural. Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Balasaheb V Sonawane
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Anthony Jude Apalla
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Nuria Koteyeva
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Laura E Bartley
- College of Agricultural. Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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Huang G, Zeng Y. Increased stomatal conductance and leaf biochemical capacity, not mesophyll conductance, contributing to the enhanced photosynthesis in Oryza plants during domestication. PLANTA 2023; 259:28. [PMID: 38127197 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Leaf biochemical capacity and the ratio of leaf biochemical capacity to stomatal conductance are promising to enhance leaf photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in rice plants, respectively. Domestication may have great impact on crop photosynthetic rate, which has not been fully understood, especially from the perspective of stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, and leaf biochemical capacity simultaneously. In this study, we constructed a database consisting of 141 and 92 sets of data from wild and cultivated rice, respectively, including leaf gas exchange parameters, hydraulic conductance, structural traits, and nitrogen content. We found that, compared to wild rice, enhanced leaf photosynthetic rate in cultivated rice was mainly resulted by the increased stomatal conductance and leaf biochemical capacity, rather than mesophyll conductance. The unchanged mesophyll conductance observed during domestication suggested that it might have been optimized during plant evolution in wild rice. Additionally, the positive relationship between stomatal density and stomatal conductance disappeared in Oryza plants during domestication, suggesting that stomatal conductance in cultivated rice is less restricted by stomatal density, compared to wild rice. Moreover, in both wild and cultivated rice, leaf photosynthetic rate was mainly determined by leaf biochemical capacity, rather than stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance. This study highlighted the important role of stomatal conductance and leaf biochemical capacity in improvement of leaf photosynthetic rate in rice during domestication. Leaf biochemical capacity and the ratio of leaf biochemical capacity to stomatal conductance should be further investigated to enhance leaf photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in rice plants, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yongjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
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Buendía-Valverde MDLL, Gómez-Merino FC, Corona-Torres T, Mateos-Nava RA, Trejo-Téllez LI. Effects of Cadmium, Thallium, and Vanadium on Photosynthetic Parameters of Three Chili Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3563. [PMID: 37896025 PMCID: PMC10609808 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a crucial process supporting life on Earth. However, unfavorable environmental conditions including toxic metals may limit the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, and the responses to those challenges may vary among genotypes. In this study, we evaluated photosynthetic parameters of the chili pepper varieties Jalapeño, Poblano, and Serrano exposed to Cd (0, 5, 10 µM), Tl (0, 6, 12 nM), and V (0, 0.75, 1.5 µM). Metals were added to the nutrient solution for 60 days. Stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (Pn/Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (instWUE), and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) were recorded. Mean Pn increased with 12 nM Tl in Serrano and with 0.75 µM V in Poblano. Tl and V increased mean Tr in all three cultivars, while Cd reduced it in Jalapeño and Serrano. Gs was reduced in Jalapeño and Poblano with 5 µM Cd, and 0.75 µM V increased it in Serrano. Ci increased in Poblano with 6 nM Tl, while 12 nM Tl reduced it in Serrano. Mean instWUE increased in Poblano with 10 µM Cd and 0.75 µM V, and in Serrano with 12 nM Tl, while 6 nM Tl reduced it in Poblano and Serrano. Mean iWUE increased in Jalapeño and Poblano with 5 µM Cd, in Serrano with 12 nM Tl, and in Jalapeño with 1.5 µM V; it was reduced with 6 nM Tl in Poblano and Serrano. Pn/Ci increased in Serrano with 5 µM Cd, in Jalapeño with 6 nM Tl, and in Poblano with 0.75 µM V. Interestingly, Tl stimulated six and inhibited five of the seven photosynthetic variables measured, while Cd enhanced three and decreased two variables, and V stimulated five variables, with none inhibited, all as compared to the respective controls. We conclude that Cd, Tl, and V may inhibit or stimulate photosynthetic parameters depending on the genotype and the doses applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Luz Buendía-Valverde
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Soil Science, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
| | - Fernando C Gómez-Merino
- Department of Genetic Resources and Productivity-Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Department of Sustainable Agri-Food Innovation, Collaborative Research Group at College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Córdoba, Manuel León, Amatlán de los Reyes 94953, Mexico
| | - Tarsicio Corona-Torres
- Department of Genetic Resources and Productivity-Genetics, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aníbal Mateos-Nava
- Research Unit in Genetics and Environmental Toxicology (UIGTA), Multidisciplinary Experimental Research Unit (UMIE-ZAP 9-020), L5 PA Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus II, Mexico City 15000, Mexico
| | - Libia I Trejo-Téllez
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Soil Science, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
- Department of Genetic Resources and Productivity-Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
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Weerarathne LVY, Jahufer Z, Schäufele R, Lopez I, Matthew C. A comparative analysis of agronomic water-use efficiency and its proxy measures as derived from key morpho-physiological and supportive quantitative genetics attributes of perennial ryegrass under imposed drought. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:291-307. [PMID: 37829998 PMCID: PMC10565840 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Water-use efficiency (WUE) is an under-researched but very important drought tolerance trait in forage breeding. This research estimated quantitative genetic parameters of morpho-physiological traits linked to agronomic water-use efficiency (WUEA) and its proxy measures based on δ13C (WUEi) or gas exchange (evapotranspiration, WUEAET, or stomatal conductance WUEASC) of genotypes from half-sib families of Lolium perenne L. (PRG) in a simulated summer drought cycle. Principal component analysis (PCA) of trait data distinguished a group of PRG genotypes where high WUEA and dry matter yield was associated with deep rooting, leaf hydration at more negative leaf osmotic and water potential, and reduced soil moisture depletion. Plants with this trait association sustained net assimilation and postdefoliation regrowth in drought. However, WUEi, WUEASC, and WUEAET were poorly correlated with most traits of interest at p < .05. Another PCA revealed a weak association between WUEA and its proxy measures under conditions tested. Quantitative genetic parameters including high estimates of narrow-sense heritability (h n 2 > 0.7 ; p < .05 ) of WUEA and related traits emphasized the genetic potential of the key trait combination for selecting PRG for improved drought tolerance. Research findings highlight the relative importance of WUEA and its proxy measures in the broad definition of PRG drought tolerance for breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. V. Y. Weerarathne
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka
- School of Agriculture and Environment, College of SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Z. Jahufer
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - R. Schäufele
- Crop Physiology, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - I. Lopez
- School of Agriculture and Environment, College of SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - C. Matthew
- School of Agriculture and Environment, College of SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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12
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Guo J, Beverly DP, Ewers BE, Williams DG. Stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis and their relationship with leaf structure over an elevation gradient in two conifers. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 157:85-101. [PMID: 37212937 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic responses across complex elevational gradients provides insight into fundamental processes driving responses of plant growth and net primary production to environmental change. Gas exchange of needles and twig water potential were measured in two widespread coniferous tree species, Pinus contorta and Picea engelmannii, over an 800-m elevation gradient in southeastern Wyoming, USA. We hypothesized that limitations to photosynthesis imposed by mesophyll conductance (gm) would be greatest at the highest elevation sites due to higher leaf mass per area (LMA) and that estimations of maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) without including gm would obscure elevational patterns of photosynthetic capacity. We found that gm decreased with elevation for P. contorta and remained constant for P. engelmannii, but in general, limitation to photosynthesis by gm was small. Indeed, estimations of Vcmax when including gm were equivalent to those estimated without including gm and no correlation was found between gm and LMA nor between gm and leaf N. Stomatal conductance (gs) and biochemical demand for CO2 were by far the most limiting processes to photosynthesis at all sites along the elevation gradient. Photosynthetic capacity (A) and gs were influenced strongly by differences in soil water availability across the elevation transect, while gm was less responsive to water availability. Based on our analysis, variation in gm plays only a minor role in driving patterns of photosynthesis in P. contorta and P. engelmannii across complex elevational gradients in dry, continental environments of the Rocky Mountains and accurate modeling of photosynthesis, growth and net primary production in these forests may not require detailed estimation of this trait value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Guo
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
| | - Daniel P Beverly
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Biology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Brent E Ewers
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - David G Williams
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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13
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Qin J, Si J, Jia B, Zhao C, Zhou D, He X, Wang C, Zhu X. Water use strategies of Nitraria tangutorum in the lake-basin region of the Badain Jaran Desert. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1240656. [PMID: 37649998 PMCID: PMC10465167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Information regarding plant water-use strategies is essential for understanding the hydrological processes and plant survival adaptation mechanisms in desert lake basin regions. To examine the water use strategies of plants in desert lake basin areas, water uptake patterns, water use efficiency, and water potential of Nitraria tangutorum were investigated at different distances from the lake duringhe growing seasons in the lake basin regions of the Badain Jaran Desert. The results indicate that N. tangutorum primarily absorbed groundwater in May (63.8%) and August (53.5%), relied on deep soil water in June (75.1%), and uniformly absorbed soil water from different layers in July. These observations could be explained by periodic fluctuations in the groundwater level and the consequent decrease in soil water availability, as well as plant root adjustments. As soil water availability decreases, N. tangutorum adapts to water variation by increasing its water use efficiency (WUE) and reducing its leaf water potential (Ψ). With intensified water stress, N. tangutorum gradually shifted from adventurous anisohydric regulation to conservative isohydric regulation. Thus, N. tangutorum responds to diverse degrees of environmental changes by altering its water-use strategy. A better understanding of the adaptive water use strategies developed by desert plants under varying water availability conditions provides insight into the diversity of species' reactions to long-term drought and quantifies the hydrological cycle of desert ecosystems against the background of worldwide climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Si
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongmeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Petrík P, Petek-Petrik A, Mukarram M, Schuldt B, Lamarque LJ. Leaf physiological and morphological constraints of water-use efficiency in C 3 plants. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad047. [PMID: 37560762 PMCID: PMC10407996 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing evaporative demand due to climate change will significantly affect the balance of carbon assimilation and water losses of plants worldwide. The development of crop varieties with improved water-use efficiency (WUE) will be critical for adapting agricultural strategies under predicted future climates. This review aims to summarize the most important leaf morpho-physiological constraints of WUE in C3 plants and identify gaps in knowledge. From the carbon gain side of the WUE, the discussed parameters are mesophyll conductance, carboxylation efficiency and respiratory losses. The traits and parameters affecting the waterside of WUE balance discussed in this review are stomatal size and density, stomatal control and residual water losses (cuticular and bark conductance), nocturnal conductance and leaf hydraulic conductance. In addition, we discussed the impact of leaf anatomy and crown architecture on both the carbon gain and water loss components of WUE. There are multiple possible targets for future development in understanding sources of WUE variability in plants. We identified residual water losses and respiratory carbon losses as the greatest knowledge gaps of whole-plant WUE assessments. Moreover, the impact of trichomes, leaf hydraulic conductance and canopy structure on plants' WUE is still not well understood. The development of a multi-trait approach is urgently needed for a better understanding of WUE dynamics and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Petrík
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Anja Petek-Petrik
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 971, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad Mukarram
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden (TUD), Pienner Str. 7, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l’environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
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15
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Xu Y, Feng Z, Peng J, Uddling J. Variations in leaf anatomical characteristics drive the decrease of mesophyll conductance in poplar under elevated ozone. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2804-2823. [PMID: 36718962 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Decline in mesophyll conductance (gm ) plays a key role in limiting photosynthesis in plants exposed to elevated ozone (O3 ). Leaf anatomical traits are known to influence gm , but the potential effects of O3 -induced changes in leaf anatomy on gm have not yet been clarified. Here, two poplar clones were exposed to elevated O3 . The effects of O3 on the photosynthetic capacity and anatomical characteristics were assessed to investigate the leaf anatomical properties that potentially affect gm . We also conducted global meta-analysis to explore the general response patterns of gm and leaf anatomy to O3 exposure. We found that the O3 -induced reduction in gm was critical in limiting leaf photosynthesis. Changes in liquid-phase conductance rather than gas-phase conductance drive the decline in gm under elevated O3, and this effect was associated with thicker cell walls and smaller chloroplast sizes. The effects of O3 on palisade and spongy mesophyll cell traits and their contributions to gm were highly genotype-dependent. Our results suggest that, while anatomical adjustments under elevated O3 may contribute to defense against O3 stress, they also cause declines in gm and photosynthesis. These results provide the first evidence of anatomical constraints on gm under elevated O3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA),School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA),School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Wang XQ, Zeng ZL, Shi ZM, Wang JH, Huang W. Variation in Photosynthetic Efficiency under Fluctuating Light between Rose Cultivars and its Potential for Improving Dynamic Photosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12051186. [PMID: 36904047 PMCID: PMC10005413 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic efficiency under both steady-state and fluctuating light can significantly affect plant growth under naturally fluctuating light conditions. However, the difference in photosynthetic performance between different rose genotypes is little known. This study compared the photosynthetic performance under steady-state and fluctuating light in two modern rose cultivars (Rose hybrida), "Orange Reeva" and "Gelato", and an old Chinese rose plant Rosa chinensis cultivar, "Slater's crimson China". The light and CO2 response curves indicated that they showed similar photosynthetic capacity under steady state. The light-saturated steady-state photosynthesis in these three rose genotypes was mainly limited by biochemistry (60%) rather than diffusional conductance. Under fluctuating light conditions (alternated between 100 and 1500 μmol photons m-2 m-1 every 5 min), stomatal conductance gradually decreased in these three rose genotypes, while mesophyll conductance (gm) was maintained stable in Orange Reeva and Gelato but decreased by 23% in R. chinensis, resulting in a stronger loss of CO2 assimilation under high-light phases in R. chinensis (25%) than in Orange Reeva and Gelato (13%). As a result, the variation in photosynthetic efficiency under fluctuating light among rose cultivars was tightly related to gm. These results highlight the importance of gm in dynamic photosynthesis and provide new traits for improving photosynthetic efficiency in rose cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi-Ming Shi
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Ji-Hua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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17
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Xiong D. Leaf anatomy does not explain the large variability of mesophyll conductance across C 3 crop species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1035-1048. [PMID: 36602006 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing mesophyll conductance of CO2 (gm ) is a strategy to improve photosynthesis in C3 crops. However, the relative importance of different anatomical traits in determining gm in crops is unclear. Mesophyll conductance measurements were performed on 10 crops using the online carbon isotope discrimination method and the 'variable J' method in parallel. The influences of crucial leaf anatomical traits on gm were evaluated using a one-dimensional anatomical CO2 diffusion model. The gm values measured using two independent methods were compatible, although significant differences were observed in their absolute values. Quantitative analysis showed that cell wall thickness and chloroplast stroma thickness are the most important elements along the diffusion pathway. Unexpectedly, the large variability of gm across crops was not associated with any investigated leaf anatomical traits except chloroplast thickness. The gm values estimated using the anatomical model differed remarkably from the values measured in vivo in most species. However, when the species-specific effective porosity of the cell wall and the species-specific facilitation effect of CO2 diffusion across the membrane and chloroplast stoma were taken into account, the model could output gm values very similar to those measured in vivo. These results indicate that gm variation across crops is probably also driven by the effective porosity of the cell wall and effects of facilitation of CO2 transport across the membrane and chloroplast stroma in addition to the thicknesses of the elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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18
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Ferchichi Y, Rouz S, Mhara YB, Elimem M, Aranjuelo I, Soba D. Medicago sativa and M. tunetana reveal contrasting physiological and metabolic responses to drought. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153885. [PMID: 36470037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa production is frequently constrained by drought, indicating the importance of assessing species biodiversity in endemic close relatives to enhance forage production under future global change conditions. In the present study, plants of two ecotypes of M. tunetana, native to Tunisia, and four commercial cultivars of M. sativa were subjected to two water regimes (control vs drought [15% field capacity]). Physiological, isotopic and metabolic analyses were used to characterize leaf and nodule profiles of the plants. Biomass, gas exchange and the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) indicated significant decreases in photosynthetic capacity under drought in M. sativa cultivars. However, M. tunetana ecotypes maintained photosynthetic performance and aboveground biomass under drought conditions. Furthermore, nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) in nodules and leaves was significantly decreased, which reveals a reduction in the N2 fixing activity of nodules under drought conditions that was not translated into lower leaf N content but was probably due to lower N demand. Analyses of starch, soluble sugar, and amino acid content in leaves and nodules have clearly proven the ability of Medicago spp. cultivars to increase the accumulation of osmo-protectors under drought. This study demonstrated the genetic variability of the strategy adopted among the studied cultivars in response to drought. In this sense, M. tunetana, and in part the M. sativa cultivar adapted to Mediterranean conditions, seem capable of maintaining adequate biomass, photosynthesis and biological N2 fixation in comparison to the other M. sativa cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosr Ferchichi
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia; National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, 1082, Tunisia
| | - Slim Rouz
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia
| | - Yosr Ben Mhara
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia; National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, 1082, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Elimem
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain
| | - David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain.
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19
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Peršić V, Ament A, Antunović Dunić J, Drezner G, Cesar V. PEG-induced physiological drought for screening winter wheat genotypes sensitivity - integrated biochemical and chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987702. [PMID: 36311092 PMCID: PMC9597320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen different winter wheat genotypes at the onset of metabolic changes induced by water deficit to comprehend possible adaptive features of photosynthetic apparatus function and structure to physiological drought. The drought treatment was the most influential variable affecting plant growth and relative water content, and genotype variability determined with what intensity varieties of winter wheat seedlings responded to water deficit. PEG-induced drought, as expected, changed phenomenological energy fluxes and the efficiency with which an electron is transferred to final PSI acceptors. Based on the effect size, fluorescence parameters were grouped to represent photochemical parameters, that is, the donor and acceptor side of PSII (PC1); the thermal phase of the photosynthetic process, or the electron flow around PSI, and the chain of electrons between PSII and PSI (PC2); and phenomenological energy fluxes per cross-section (PC3). Furthermore, four distinct clusters of genotypes were discerned based on their response to imposed physiological drought, and integrated analysis enabled an explanation of their reactions' specificity. The most reliable JIP-test parameters for detecting and comparing the drought impact among tested genotypes were the variable fluorescence at K, L, I step, and PITOT. To conclude, developing and improving screening methods for identifying and evaluating functional relationships of relevant characteristics that are useful for acclimation, acclimatization, and adaptation to different types of drought stress can contribute to the progress in breeding research of winter wheat drought-tolerant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Peršić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Ament
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Georg Drezner
- Department of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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20
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Rooney R, Ishii HR, Cavaleri MA. Intra‐crown variation of leaf mass per area of
Fagus crenata
is driven by light acclimation of leaf thickness and hydraulic acclimation of leaf density. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rooney
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
- Department of Biology University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth Minnesota USA
| | - H. Roaki Ishii
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Molly A. Cavaleri
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
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21
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Metabolic, physiological and anatomical responses of soybean plants under water deficit and high temperature condition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16467. [PMID: 36183028 PMCID: PMC9526742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficit (WD) combined with high temperature (HT) is the major factor limiting agriculture worldwide, and it is predicted to become worse according to the current climate change scenario. It is thus important to understand how current cultivated crops respond to these stress conditions. Here we investigated how four soybean cultivars respond to WD and HT isolated or in combination at metabolic, physiological, and anatomical levels. The WD + HT increased the level of stress in soybean plants when compared to plants under well-watered (WW), WD, or HT conditions. WD + HT exacerbates the increases in ascorbate peroxidase activity, which was associated with the greater photosynthetic rate in two cultivars under WD + HT. The metabolic responses to WD + HT diverge substantially from plants under WW, WD, or HT conditions. Myo-inositol and maltose were identified as WD + HT biomarkers and were connected to subnetworks composed of catalase, amino acids, and both root and leaf osmotic potentials. Correlation-based network analyses highlight that the network heterogeneity increased and a higher integration among metabolic, physiological, and morphological nodes is observed under stress conditions. Beyond unveiling biochemical and metabolic WD + HT biomarkers, our results collectively highlight that the mechanisms behind the acclimation to WD + HT cannot be understood by investigating WD or HT stress separately.
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22
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Mizokami Y, Oguchi R, Sugiura D, Yamori W, Noguchi K, Terashima I. Cost-benefit analysis of mesophyll conductance: diversities of anatomical, biochemical and environmental determinants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:265-283. [PMID: 35947983 PMCID: PMC9487971 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants invest photosynthates in construction and maintenance of their structures and functions. Such investments are considered costs. These costs are recovered by the CO2 assimilation rate (A) in the leaves, and thus A is regarded as the immediate, short-term benefit. In photosynthesizing leaves, CO2 diffusion from the air to the carboxylation site is hindered by several structural and biochemical barriers. CO2 diffusion from the intercellular air space to the chloroplast stroma is obstructed by the mesophyll resistance. The inverses is the mesophyll conductance (gm). Whether various plants realize an optimal gm, and how much investment is needed for a relevant gm, remain unsolved. SCOPE This review examines relationships among leaf construction costs (CC), leaf maintenance costs (MC) and gm in various plants under diverse growth conditions. Through a literature survey, we demonstrate a strong linear relationship between leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf CC. The overall correlation of CC vs. gm across plant phylogenetic groups is weak, but significant trends are evident within specific groups and/or environments. Investment in CC is necessary for an increase in LMA and mesophyll cell surface area (Smes). This allows the leaf to accommodate more chloroplasts, thus increasing A. However, increases in LMA and/or Smes often accompany other changes, such as cell wall thickening, which diminishes gm. Such factors that make the correlations of CC and gm elusive are identified. CONCLUSIONS For evaluation of the contribution of gm to recover CC, leaf life span is the key factor. The estimation of MC in relation to gm, especially in terms of costs required to regulate aquaporins, could be essential for efficient control of gm over the short term. Over the long term, costs are mainly reflected in CC, while benefits also include ultimate fitness attributes in terms of integrated carbon gain over the life of a leaf, plant survival and reproductive output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizokami
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Riichi Oguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Midoricho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Selenium-induced modulations in growth, productivity and physiochemical responses to water deficiency in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) grown in sandy soil. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Wang J, Wen X. Limiting resource and leaf functional traits jointly determine distribution patterns of leaf intrinsic water use efficiency along aridity gradients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909603. [PMID: 35968133 PMCID: PMC9372487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) is a critical eco-physiological function allowing plants to adapt to water- and nutrient-limited habitats in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the distribution of iWUE in coexisting species along aridity gradients and its controlling factors are unknown. We established two transects along an aridity gradient in the grasslands of Losses Plateau (LP) and Inner Mongolia Plateau (MP) to elucidate the patterns and underlying mechanisms of iWUE distribution in coexisting species along aridity gradient. We determined leaf carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotopes, functional traits related to carbon fixation, and limiting resources. Bulk leaf δ13C and δ18O were used as proxies for time-integrated iWUE and stomatal conductance (gs) during the growing season. Our results showed that variability in iWUE within transect was primarily controlled by species, sampling sites and an interactive effect between species and sampling sites. Mean values of iWUE (iWUEMean) increased and coefficient of variation (CV) in iWUE (iWUECV) decreased with an increase in aridity, demonstrating that increases in aridity lead to conservative and convergent water use strategies. Patterns of iWUEMean and iWUECV were controlled primarily by the ratio of soil organic carbon to total nitrogen in LP and soil moisture in MP. This revealed that the most limited resource drove the distribution patterns of iWUE along aridity gradients. Interspecific variation in iWUE within transect was positively correlated with Δ18O, indicating that interspecific variation in iWUE was primarily regulated by gs. Furthermore, relationship between iWUE and multi-dimensional functional trait spectrum indicated that species evolved species-specific strategies to adapt to a harsh habitat by partitioning limiting resources. Overall, these findings highlighted the interactive effects of limiting resources and leaf functional traits on plant adaptation strategies for iWUE, and emphasized the importance of considering biological processes in dissecting the underlying mechanisms of plant adaptation strategies at large regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Pérez-Bueno ML, Illescas-Miranda J, Martín-Forero AF, de Marcos A, Barón M, Fenoll C, Mena M. An extremely low stomatal density mutant overcomes cooling limitations at supra-optimal temperature by adjusting stomatal size and leaf thickness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:919299. [PMID: 35937324 PMCID: PMC9355609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.919299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The impact of global warming on transpiration and photosynthesis would compromise plant fitness, impacting on crop yields and ecosystem functioning. In this frame, we explored the performance of a set of Arabidopsis mutants carrying partial or total loss-of-function alleles of stomatal development genes and displaying distinct stomatal abundances. Using microscopy and non-invasive imaging techniques on this genotype collection, we examined anatomical leaf and stomatal traits, plant growth and development, and physiological performance at optimal (22°C) and supra-optimal (30°C) temperatures. All genotypes showed thermomorphogenetic responses but no signs of heat stress. Data analysis singled out an extremely low stomatal abundance mutant, spch-5. At 22°C, spch-5 had lower transpiration and warmer leaves than the wild type. However, at 30°C, this mutant developed larger stomata and thinner leaves, paralleled by a notable cooling capacity, similar to that of the wild type. Despite their low stomatal density (SD), spch-5 plants grown at 30°C showed no photosynthesis or growth penalties. The behavior of spch-5 at supra-optimal temperature exemplifies how the effect of very low stomatal numbers can be counteracted by a combination of larger stomata and thinner leaves. Furthermore, it provides a novel strategy for coping with high growth temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Pérez-Bueno
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Amanda F. Martín-Forero
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alberto de Marcos
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Matilde Barón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Fenoll
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Montaña Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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26
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Koyro HW, Huchzermeyer B. From Soil Amendments to Controlling Autophagy: Supporting Plant Metabolism under Conditions of Water Shortage and Salinity. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131654. [PMID: 35807605 PMCID: PMC9269222 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crop resistance to environmental stress is a major issue. The globally increasing land degradation and desertification enhance the demand on management practices to balance both food and environmental objectives, including strategies that tighten nutrient cycles and maintain yields. Agriculture needs to provide, among other things, future additional ecosystem services, such as water quantity and quality, runoff control, soil fertility maintenance, carbon storage, climate regulation, and biodiversity. Numerous research projects have focused on the food–soil–climate nexus, and results were summarized in several reviews during the last decades. Based on this impressive piece of information, we have selected only a few aspects with the intention of studying plant–soil interactions and methods for optimization. In the short term, the use of soil amendments is currently attracting great interest to cover the current demand in agriculture. We will discuss the impact of biochar at water shortage, and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) at improving nutrient supply to plants. In this review, our focus is on the interplay of both soil amendments on primary reactions of photosynthesis, plant growth conditions, and signaling during adaptation to environmental stress. Moreover, we aim at providing a general overview of how dehydration and salinity affect signaling in cells. With the use of the example of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene, we discuss the effects that can be observed when biochar and PGPB are used in the presence of stress. The stress response of plants is a multifactorial trait. Nevertheless, we will show that plants follow a general concept to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions in the short and long term. However, plant species differ in the upper and lower regulatory limits of gene expression. Therefore, the presented data may help in the identification of traits for future breeding of stress-resistant crops. One target for breeding could be the removal and efficient recycling of damaged as well as needless compounds and structures. Furthermore, in this context, we will show that autophagy can be a useful goal of breeding measures, since the recycling of building blocks helps the cells to overcome a period of imbalanced substrate supply during stress adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Werner Koyro
- Institute of Plantecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernhard Huchzermeyer
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30416 Hannover, Germany; or
- AK Biotechnology, VDI-BV-Hannover, Hanomagstr. 12, 30449 Hannover, Germany
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Pitaloka MK, Caine RS, Hepworth C, Harrison EL, Sloan J, Chutteang C, Phunthong C, Nongngok R, Toojinda T, Ruengphayak S, Arikit S, Gray JE, Vanavichit A. Induced Genetic Variations in Stomatal Density and Size of Rice Strongly Affects Water Use Efficiency and Responses to Drought Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:801706. [PMID: 35693177 PMCID: PMC9174926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop relied upon by billions of people worldwide. However, with increasing pressure from climate change and rapid population growth, cultivation is very water-intensive. Therefore, it is critical to produce rice that is high-yielding and genetically more water-use efficient. Here, using the stabilized fast-neutron mutagenized population of Jao Hom Nin (JHN) - a popular purple rice cultivar - we microscopically examined hundreds of flag leaves to identify four stomatal model mutants with either high density (HD) or low density (LD) stomata, and small-sized (SS) or large-sized (LS) stomata. With similar genetic background and uniformity, the stomatal model mutants were used to understand the role of stomatal variants on physiological responses to abiotic stress. Our results show that SS and HD respond better to increasing CO2 concentration and HD has higher stomatal conductance (gs) compared to the other stomatal model mutants, although the effects on gas exchange or overall plant performance were small under greenhouse conditions. In addition, the results of our drought experiments suggest that LD and SS can better adapt to restricted water conditions, and LD showed higher water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass/plant than other stomatal model mutants under long-term restricted water treatment. Finally, our study suggests that reducing stomata density and size may play a promising role for further work on developing a climate-ready rice variety to adapt to drought and heat stress. We propose that low stomata density and small size have high potential as genetic donors for improving WUE in climate-ready rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiara K. Pitaloka
- Faculty of Agriculture Kamphangsaen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Robert S. Caine
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hepworth
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphangsaen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Emily L. Harrison
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Sloan
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Cattleya Chutteang
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphangsaen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Rangsan Nongngok
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | | | - Siwaret Arikit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphangsaen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Julie E. Gray
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Apichart Vanavichit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphangsaen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Thailand
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28
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Leaf plasticity across wet and dry seasons in Croton blanchetianus (Euphorbiaceae) at a tropical dry forest. Sci Rep 2022; 12:954. [PMID: 35046463 PMCID: PMC8770520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species of the Brazilian Caatinga experience seasonal wet and dry extremes, requiring seasonally different leaf characteristics for optimizing water availability. We investigated if Croton blanchetianus Baill exhibits leaf morphoanatomical traits across seasons and positioning in sunlight/natural shade. Leaves of ten 1-3 m tall plants in full sunlight and ten in natural shade were assessed in May, July (wet season), October and December (dry season) 2015 for gas exchange, leaf size, lamina and midrib cross sections (14 parameters), and chloroplast structure (5 parameters). Net photosynthesis was greater during the wet season (21.6 µm−2 s−1) compared to the dry season (5.8 µm−2 s−1) and was strongly correlated with almost all measured parameters (p < 0.01). Shaded leaves in the wet season had higher specific leaf area (19.9 m2 kg−1 in full-sun and 23.1 m2 kg−1 in shade), but in the dry season they did not differ from those in full sun (7.5 m2 kg−1 and 7.2 m2 kg−1). In the wet season, the expansion of the adaxial epidermis and mesophyll lead to larger and thicker photosynthetic area of leaves. Furthermore, chloroplast thickness, length and area were also significantly larger in full sunlight (2.1 μm, 5.1 μm, 15.2 μm2; respectively) and shaded plants (2.0 μm, 5.2 μm, 14.8 μm2; respectively) during wetter months. Croton blanchetianus exhibits seasonal plasticity in leaf structure, presumably to optimize water use efficiency during seasons of water abundance and deficit. These results suggest that the species is adaptable to the increased drought stress projected by climate change scenarios.
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29
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Zait Y, Ferrero‐Serrano Á, Assmann SM. The α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein regulates mesophyll CO 2 conductance and drought tolerance in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2324-2338. [PMID: 34515342 PMCID: PMC9293471 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance gm determines CO2 diffusion rates from mesophyll intercellular air spaces to the chloroplasts and is an important factor limiting photosynthesis. Increasing gm in cultivated plants is a potential strategy to increase photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi ). The anatomy of the leaf and metabolic factors such as aquaporins and carbonic anhydrases have been identified as important determinants of gm . However, genes involved in the regulation and modulation of gm remain largely unknown. In this work, we investigated the role of heterotrimeric G proteins in gm and drought tolerance in rice d1 mutants, which harbor a null mutation in the Gα subunit gene, RGA1. d1 mutants in both cv Nipponbare and cv Taichung 65 exhibited increased gm , fostering improvement in photosynthesis, WUEi , and drought tolerance compared with wild-type. The increased surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces and the reduced cell wall and chloroplast thickness in the d1 mutant are evident contributors to the increase in gm . Our results indicate that manipulation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling has the potential to improve crop WUEi and productivity under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Zait
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Ángel Ferrero‐Serrano
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Sarah M. Assmann
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
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30
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Li S, Hamani AKM, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Gao Y, Duan A. Coordination of leaf hydraulic, anatomical, and economical traits in tomato seedlings acclimation to long-term drought. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:536. [PMID: 34781896 PMCID: PMC8591842 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf hydraulic and economics traits are critical for balancing plant water and CO2 exchange, and their relationship has been widely studied. Leaf anatomical traits determine the efficiency of CO2 diffusion within mesophyll structure. However, it remains unclear whether leaf anatomical traits are associated with leaf hydraulic and economics traits acclimation to long-term drought. RESULTS To address this knowledge gap, eight hydraulic traits, including stomatal and venation structures, four economics traits, including leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and the ratio between palisade and spongy mesophyll thickness (PT/ST), and four anatomical traits related to CO2 diffusion were measured in tomato seedlings under the long-term drought conditions. Redundancy analysis indicated that the long-term drought decreased stomatal conductance (gs) mainly due to a synchronized reduction in hydraulic structure such as leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and major vein width. Simultaneously, stomatal aperture on the adaxial surface and minor vein density (VDminor) also contributed a lot to this reduction. The decreases in mesophyll thickness (Tmes) and chlorophyll surface area exposed to leaf intercellular air spaces (Sc/S) were primarily responsible for the decline of mesophyll conductance (gm) thereby affecting photosynthesis. Drought increased leaf density (LD) thus limited CO2 diffusion. In addition, LMA may not be important in regulating gm in tomato under drought. Principal component analysis revealed that main anatomical traits such as Tmes and Sc/S were positively correlated to Kleaf, VDminor and leaf thickness (LT), while negatively associated with PT/ST. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that leaf anatomy plays an important role in maintaining the balance between water supply and CO2 diffusion responses to drought. There was a strong coordination between leaf hydraulic, anatomical, and economical traits in tomato seedlings acclimation to long-term drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
| | - Yueping Liang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China.
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China.
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31
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Iñiguez C, Aguiló-Nicolau P, Galmés J. Improving photosynthesis through the enhancement of Rubisco carboxylation capacity. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2007-2019. [PMID: 34623388 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rising human population, along with the reduction in arable land and the impacts of global change, sets out the need for continuously improving agricultural resource use efficiency and crop yield (CY). Bioengineering approaches for photosynthesis optimization have largely demonstrated the potential for enhancing CY. This review is focused on the improvement of Rubisco functioning, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of CO2 fixation required for plant growth, but also catalyzes the ribulose-bisphosphate oxygenation initiating the carbon and energy wasteful photorespiration pathway. Rubisco carboxylation capacity can be enhanced by engineering the Rubisco large and/or small subunit genes to improve its catalytic traits, or by engineering the mechanisms that provide enhanced Rubisco expression, activation and/or elevated [CO2] around the active sites to favor carboxylation over oxygenation. Recent advances have been made in the expression, assembly and activation of foreign (either natural or mutant) faster and/or more CO2-specific Rubisco versions. Some components of CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) from bacteria, algae and C4 plants has been successfully expressed in tobacco and rice. Still, none of the transformed plant lines expressing foreign Rubisco versions and/or simplified CCM components were able to grow faster than wild type plants under present atmospheric [CO2] and optimum conditions. However, the results obtained up to date suggest that it might be achievable in the near future. In addition, photosynthetic and yield improvements have already been observed when manipulating Rubisco quantity and activation degree in crops. Therefore, engineering Rubisco carboxylation capacity continues being a promising target for the improvement in photosynthesis and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Iñiguez
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pere Aguiló-Nicolau
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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32
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Baroja-Fernández E, Almagro G, Sánchez-López ÁM, Bahaji A, Gámez-Arcas S, De Diego N, Dolezal K, Muñoz FJ, Climent Sanz E, Pozueta-Romero J. Enhanced Yield of Pepper Plants Promoted by Soil Application of Volatiles From Cell-Free Fungal Culture Filtrates Is Associated With Activation of the Beneficial Soil Microbiota. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:752653. [PMID: 34745186 PMCID: PMC8566893 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants communicate with microorganisms by exchanging chemical signals throughout the phytosphere. Such interactions are important not only for plant productivity and fitness, but also for terrestrial ecosystem functioning. It is known that beneficial microorganisms emit diffusible substances including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that promote growth. Consistently, soil application of cell-free culture filtrates (CF) of beneficial soil and plant-associated microorganisms enhances plant growth and yield. However, how this treatment acts in plants and whether it alters the resident soil microbiota, are largely unknown. In this work we characterized the responses of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants cultured under both greenhouse and open field conditions and of soil microbiota to soil application of CFs of beneficial and phytopathogenic fungi. To evaluate the contribution of VOCs occurring in the CFs to these responses, we characterized the responses of plants and of soil microbiota to application of distillates (DE) of the fungal CFs. CFs and their respective DEs contained the same potentially biogenic VOCs, and application of these extracts enhanced root growth and fruit yield, and altered the nutritional characteristics of fruits. High-throughput amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S and fungal ITS rRNA genes of the soil microbiota revealed that the CF and DE treatments altered the microbial community compositions, and led to strong enrichment of the populations of the same beneficial bacterial and fungal taxa. Our findings show that CFs of both beneficial and phytopathogenic fungi can be used as biostimulants, and provide evidence that VOCs occurring in the fungal CFs act as mediators of the plants' responses to soil application of fungal CFs through stimulation of the beneficial soil microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra), Nafarroa, Spain
| | | | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra), Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Samuel Gámez-Arcas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra), Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Karel Dolezal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | | | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra), Nafarroa, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
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33
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Sorgini CA, Roberts LM, Sullivan M, Cousins AB, Baxter I, Studer AJ. The genetic architecture of leaf stable carbon isotope composition in Zea mays and the effect of transpiration efficiency on leaf elemental accumulation. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6321231. [PMID: 34544133 PMCID: PMC8661388 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With increased demand on freshwater resources for agriculture, it is imperative that more water-use efficient crops are developed. Leaf stable carbon isotope composition, δ13C, is a proxy for transpiration efficiency and a possible tool for breeders, but the underlying mechanisms effecting δ13C in C4 plants are not known. It has been suggested that differences in specific leaf area (SLA), which potentially reflects variation in internal CO2 diffusion, can impact leaf δ13C. Furthermore, although it is known that water movement is important for elemental uptake, it is not clear how manipulation of transpiration for increased water-use efficiency may impact nutrient accumulation. Here, we characterize the genetic architecture of leaf δ13C and test its relationship to SLA and the ionome in five populations of maize. Five significant QTL for leaf δ13C were identified, including novel QTL as well as some that were identified previously in maize kernels. One of the QTL regions contains an Erecta-like gene, the ortholog of which has been shown to regulate transpiration efficiency and leaf δ13C in Arabidopsis. QTL for δ13C were located in the same general chromosome region, but slightly shifted, when comparing data from two different years. Our data does not support a relationship between δ13C and SLA, and of the 19 elements analyzed, only a weak correlation between molybdenum and δ13C was detected. Together these data add to the genetic understanding of leaf δ13C in maize and suggest that improvements to plant water use may be possible without significantly influencing elemental homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Sorgini
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lucas M Roberts
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Madsen Sullivan
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Anthony J Studer
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Impacts of Canopy and Understory Nitrogen Additions on Stomatal Conductance and Carbon Assimilation of Dominant Tree Species in a Temperate Broadleaved Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Liu M, Liu X, Du X, Korpelainen H, Niinemets Ü, Li C. Anatomical variation of mesophyll conductance due to salt stress in Populus cathayana females and males growing under different inorganic nitrogen sources. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1462-1478. [PMID: 33554242 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic regulation in leaf architecture and photosynthesis is essential for salt tolerance. However, how plant sex and inorganic nitrogen sources alter salt stress-dependent photosynthesis remains unknown. Leaf anatomical characteristics and photosynthesis of Populus cathayana Rehder females and males were investigated under salt stress conditions combined with nitrate NO3- and ammonium NH4+ supplies to clarify the underlying mechanisms. In salt-stressed females, we observed an increased mesophyll spongy cell density, a reduced chloroplast density, a decreased surface area of chloroplasts adjacent to the intercellular air space (Sc/S) and an increased mesophyll cell area per transverse section width (S/W), consequently causing mesophyll conductance (gm) and photosynthesis inhibition, especially under NH4+ supply. Conversely, males with a greater mesophyll palisade tissue thickness and chloroplast density, but a lower spongy cell density had lower S/W and higher Sc/S, and higher gm and photosynthesis. NH4+-fed females had a lower CO2 conductance through cell wall and stromal conductance perpendicular to the cell wall, but a higher chloroplast conductance from the cell wall (gcyt1) than females supplied with NO3-, whereas males had a higher chloroplast conductance and lower CO2 conductance through cell wall when supplied with NO3- instead of NH4+ under salt stress. These findings indicate sex-specific strategies in coping with salt stress related to leaf anatomy and gm under both types of nitrogen supplies, which may contribute to sex-specific CO2 capture and niche segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xuhua Du
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Bamboo Resources and Utilization, China National Bamboo Research Center, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Wenyi Road 310, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO P.O. Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 5, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Franco-Navarro JD, Díaz-Rueda P, Rivero-Núñez CM, Brumós J, Rubio-Casal AE, de Cires A, Colmenero-Flores JM, Rosales MA. Chloride nutrition improves drought resistance by enhancing water deficit avoidance and tolerance mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5246-5261. [PMID: 33783493 PMCID: PMC8272566 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-), traditionally considered harmful for agriculture, has recently been defined as a beneficial macronutrient with specific roles that result in more efficient use of water (WUE), nitrogen (NUE), and CO2 in well-watered plants. When supplied in a beneficial range of 1-5 mM, Cl- increases leaf cell size, improves leaf osmoregulation, and reduces water consumption without impairing photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in overall higher WUE. Thus, adequate management of Cl- nutrition arises as a potential strategy to increase the ability of plants to withstand water deficit. To study the relationship between Cl- nutrition and drought resistance, tobacco plants treated with 0.5-5 mM Cl- salts were subjected to sustained water deficit (WD; 60% field capacity) and water deprivation/rehydration treatments, in comparison with plants treated with equivalent concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate salts. The results showed that Cl- application reduced stress symptoms and improved plant growth during water deficit. Drought resistance promoted by Cl- nutrition resulted from the simultaneous occurrence of water deficit avoidance and tolerance mechanisms, which improved leaf turgor, water balance, photosynthesis performance, and WUE. Thus, it is proposed that beneficial Cl- levels increase the ability of crops to withstand drought, promoting a more sustainable and resilient agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Franco-Navarro
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz-Rueda
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos M Rivero-Núñez
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Brumós
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro de Genómica, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfredo E Rubio-Casal
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Alfonso de Cires
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Colmenero-Flores
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rosales
- Group of Plant Ion and Water Regulation, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
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Jansson C, Faiola C, Wingler A, Zhu XG, Kravchenko A, de Graaff MA, Ogden AJ, Handakumbura PP, Werner C, Beckles DM. Crops for Carbon Farming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:636709. [PMID: 34149744 PMCID: PMC8211891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.636709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural cropping systems and pasture comprise one third of the world's arable land and have the potential to draw down a considerable amount of atmospheric CO2 for storage as soil organic carbon (SOC) and improving the soil carbon budget. An improved soil carbon budget serves the dual purpose of promoting soil health, which supports crop productivity, and constituting a pool from which carbon can be converted to recalcitrant forms for long-term storage as a mitigation measure for global warming. In this perspective, we propose the design of crop ideotypes with the dual functionality of being highly productive for the purposes of food, feed, and fuel, while at the same time being able to facilitate higher contribution to soil carbon and improve the below ground ecology. We advocate a holistic approach of the integrated plant-microbe-soil system and suggest that significant improvements in soil carbon storage can be achieved by a three-pronged approach: (1) design plants with an increased root strength to further allocation of carbon belowground; (2) balance the increase in belowground carbon allocation with increased source strength for enhanced photosynthesis and biomass accumulation; and (3) design soil microbial consortia for increased rhizosphere sink strength and plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Jansson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Celia Faiola
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Astrid Wingler
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexandra Kravchenko
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Marie-Anne de Graaff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Aaron J. Ogden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Diane M. Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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38
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Hu W, Lu Z, Meng F, Li X, Cong R, Ren T, Lu J. Potassium modulates central carbon metabolism to participate in regulating CO 2 transport and assimilation in Brassica napus leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110891. [PMID: 33902852 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) regulates plant metabolism and enhances plant's ability to adapt to adversity. However, under different K deficiency stress, the net photosynthetic rate (An) was reduced, influenced by CO2 conductance or biochemical capacities. The interplay between metabolome and photosynthetic characteristics under K deficiency stress was analyzed to explore the mechanisms by which K regulates photosynthetic capacity. With increasing K deficiency stress, dominations limiting An varied from CO2 conductance to biochemical limitations. Multivariate analyses indicated that organic acids, amino acids and sedoheptulose-7-bisphosphate were significantly related to An, CO2 conductance and carboxylation rate. Under moderate K deficiency, organic acids were up-regulated. Acidification of subcellular compartments reduced sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase activity, inducing downregulation of sedoheptulose-7-bisphosphate and hindrance of ribulose bisphosphate regeneration. Moreover, increased CO2 shortage with increasing K deficiency induced a shift of increased citric acid to amino acid synthesis, causing excessive accumulation of amino acids. In addition, the reduced serine level indicated impaired photorespiration. These two changes triggered more serious reduction in photosynthetic capacity. The intimate, changes in photosynthetic capacities were tightly coupled with shifts in central C metabolism, which provides insights into the methods used to enhance An and plant's adaptability to abiotic stresses, through the regulation of C metabolites using molecular technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fanjin Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
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39
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Li T, Sun J, Fu Z. Halophytes Differ in Their Adaptation to Soil Environment in the Yellow River Delta: Effects of Water Source, Soil Depth, and Nutrient Stoichiometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675921. [PMID: 34140965 PMCID: PMC8204056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta is water, salt, and nutrient limited and hence the growth of plants depend on the surrounding factors. Understanding the water, salt, and stoichiometry of plants and soil systems from the perspective of different halophytes is useful for exploring their survival strategies. Thus, a comprehensive investigation of water, salt, and stoichiometry characteristics in different halophytes and soil systems was carried out in this area. Results showed that the oxygen isotopes (δ18O) of three halophytes were significantly different (P < 0.05). Phragmites communis primarily used rainwater and soil water, while Suaeda salsa and Limonium bicolor mainly used soil water. The contributions of rainwater to three halophytes (P. communis, S. salsa, and L. bicolor) were 50.9, 9.1, and 18.5%, respectively. The carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis showed that P. communis had the highest water use efficiency, followed by S. salsa and L. bicolor. Na+ content in the aboveground and underground parts of different halophytes was all followed an order of S. salsa > L. bicolor > P. communis. C content and N:P in leaves of P. communis and N content of leaves in L. bicolor were significantly positively correlated with Na+. Redundancy analysis (RDA) between plants and each soil layer showed that there were different correlation patterns in the three halophytes. P. communis primarily used rainwater and soil water with low salt content in 60-80 cm, while the significant correlation indexes of C:N:P stoichiometry between plant and soil were mainly in a 20-40 cm soil layer. In S. salsa, the soil layer with the highest contribution of soil water and the closest correlation with the C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves were both in 10-20 cm layers, while L. bicolor were mainly in 40-80 cm soil layers. So, the sources of soil water and nutrient of P. communis were located in different soil layers, while there were spatial consistencies of soils in water and nutrient utilization of S. salsa and L. bicolor. These results are beneficial to a comprehensive understanding of the adaptability of halophytes in the Yellow River Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jingkuan Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhanyong Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
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40
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Sonawane BV, Koteyeva NK, Johnson DM, Cousins AB. Differences in leaf anatomy determines temperature response of leaf hydraulic and mesophyll CO 2 conductance in phylogenetically related C 4 and C 3 grass species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1802-1814. [PMID: 33605441 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf hydraulic and mesophyll CO2 conductance are both influenced by leaf anatomical traits, however it is poorly understood how the temperature response of these conductances differs between C4 and C3 species with distinct leaf anatomy. This study investigated the temperature response of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), stomatal (gs ) and mesophyll (gm ) conductance to CO2 , and leaf anatomical traits in phylogenetically related Panicum antidotale (C4 ) and P. bisulcatum (C3 ) grasses. The C4 species had lower hydraulic conductance outside xylem (Kox ) and Kleaf compared with the C3 species. However, the C4 species had higher gm compared with the C3 species. Traits associated with leaf water movement, Kleaf and Kox , increased with temperature more in the C3 than in the C4 species, whereas traits related to carbon uptake, Anet and gm , increased more with temperature in the C4 than the C3 species. Our findings demonstrate that, in addition to a CO2 concentrating mechanism, outside-xylem leaf anatomy in the C4 species P. antidotale favours lower water movement through the leaf and stomata that provides an additional advantage for greater leaf carbon uptake relative to water loss with increasing leaf temperature than in the C3 species P. bisulcatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasaheb V Sonawane
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Nuria K Koteyeva
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Street 2, St Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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41
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Santos EF, Mateus NS, Rosário MO, Garcez TB, Mazzafera P, Lavres J. Enhancing potassium content in leaves and stems improves drought tolerance of eucalyptus clones. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:552-563. [PMID: 33022105 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus are widely planted in regions with low rainfall, occasioning frequent drought stresses. To alleviate the stress-induced effects on plants growing in these environments, soil fertilization with potassium (K) may affect drought-adaptive plant mechanisms, notably on tropical soils with low K availability. This work aimed to evaluate the K dynamic nutrition in eucalyptus in response to soil-K and -water availabilities, correlating the K-nutritional status with the physiological responses of contrasting eucalyptus clones to drought tolerance. A complete randomized design was used to investigate the effects of three water regimes (well-watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit) and two K soil supplies (sufficient and low K) on growth and physiological responses of two elite eucalyptus clones: "VM01" (Eucalyptus urophylla × camaldulensis) and "AEC 0144" (E. urophylla). Results depicted that the K-well-nourished E. urophylla × camaldulensis clone under severe water deficit maintained shoot biomass accumulation by upregulating the K-content in leaves and stems, gas exchange, water-use efficiency (WUEI ), leaf water potential (Ψw), and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, compared to E. urophylla clone. Meanwhile, E. urophylla with a severe water deficit showed a decreased of K content in leaves and stem, as well as a reduction in the accumulation of dry mass. Therefore, the K-use efficiency and the apparent electron transport rate through photosystem II were positively correlated in plants grown in low K, indicating the importance of K in maintaining leaf photochemical processes. In conclusion, management strategy should seek to enhance K-nutrition to optimize water-use efficiencies and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elcio Ferreira Santos
- Federal Institute of Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratory of Plant Nutriton, Nova Andradina, Brazil
| | - Nikolas Souza Mateus
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Barreto Garcez
- Federal University of Sergipe, Campus do Sertão, Nossa Senhora da Glória, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
- University of Campinas, Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Lavres
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Elferjani R, Benomar L, Momayyezi M, Tognetti R, Niinemets Ü, Soolanayakanahally RY, Théroux-Rancourt G, Tosens T, Ripullone F, Bilodeau-Gauthier S, Lamhamedi MS, Calfapietra C, Lamara M. A meta-analysis of mesophyll conductance to CO2 in relation to major abiotic stresses in poplar species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4384-4400. [PMID: 33739415 PMCID: PMC8163042 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) determines the diffusion of CO2 from the substomatal cavities to the site of carboxylation in the chloroplasts and represents a critical component of the diffusive limitation of photosynthesis. In this study, we evaluated the average effect sizes of different environmental constraints on gm in Populus spp., a forest tree model. We collected raw data of 815 A-Ci response curves from 26 datasets to estimate gm, using a single curve-fitting method to alleviate method-related bias. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effects of different abiotic stresses on gm. We found a significant increase in gm from the bottom to the top of the canopy that was concomitant with the increase of maximum rate of carboxylation and light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax). gm was positively associated with increases in soil moisture and nutrient availability, but was insensitive to increasing soil copper concentration and did not vary with atmospheric CO2 concentration. Our results showed that gm was strongly related to Amax and to a lesser extent to stomatal conductance (gs). Moreover, a negative exponential relationship was obtained between gm and specific leaf area, which may be used to scale-up gm within the canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Elferjani
- Quebec Network for Reforestation and Intensive Silviculture, TELUQ University, Montreal, QC, H2S 3L5, Canada
| | - Lahcen Benomar
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Mina Momayyezi
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Università degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Guillaume Théroux-Rancourt
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Mohammed S Lamhamedi
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano (TR) 05010, Italy
| | - Mebarek Lamara
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
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43
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Flexas J, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Bota J, Brodribb TJ, Gago J, Mizokami Y, Nadal M, Perera-Castro AV, Roig-Oliver M, Sugiura D, Xiong D, Carriquí M. Cell wall thickness and composition are involved in photosynthetic limitation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3971-3986. [PMID: 33780533 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The key role of cell walls in setting mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm) and, consequently, photosynthesis is reviewed. First, the theoretical properties of cell walls that can affect gm are presented. Then, we focus on cell wall thickness (Tcw) reviewing empirical evidence showing that Tcw varies strongly among species and phylogenetic groups in a way that correlates with gm and photosynthesis; that is, the thicker the mesophyll cell walls, the lower the gm and photosynthesis. Potential interplays of gm, Tcw, dehydration tolerance, and hydraulic properties of leaves are also discussed. Dynamic variations of Tcw in response to the environment and their implications in the regulation of photosynthesis are discussed, and recent evidence suggesting an influence of cell wall composition on gm is presented. We then propose a hypothetical mechanism for the influence of cell walls on photosynthesis, combining the effects of thickness and composition, particularly pectins. Finally, we discuss the prospects for using biotechnology for enhancing photosynthesis by altering cell wall-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - María J Clemente-Moreno
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Josefina Bota
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Tim J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Yusuke Mizokami
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miquel Nadal
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Alicia V Perera-Castro
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Margalida Roig-Oliver
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa Km 7.5., 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Marc Carriquí
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Li S, Liu J, Liu H, Qiu R, Gao Y, Duan A. Role of Hydraulic Signal and ABA in Decrease of Leaf Stomatal and Mesophyll Conductance in Soil Drought-Stressed Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:653186. [PMID: 33995449 PMCID: PMC8118518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.653186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought reduces leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm). Both hydraulic signals and chemical signals (mainly abscisic acid, ABA) are involved in regulating gs. However, it remains unclear what role the endogenous ABA plays in gm under decreasing soil moisture. In this study, the responses of gs and gm to ABA were investigated under progressive soil drying conditions and their impacts on net photosynthesis (An) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) were also analyzed. Experimental tomato plants were cultivated in pots in an environment-controlled greenhouse. Reductions of gs and gm induced a 68-78% decline of An under drought conditions. While soil water potential (Ψsoil) was over -1.01 MPa, gs reduced as leaf water potential (Ψleaf) decreased, but ABA and gm kept unchanged, which indicating gs was more sensitive to drought than gm. During Ψsoil reduction from -1.01 to -1.44 MPa, Ψleaf still kept decreasing, and both gs and gm decreased concurrently following to the sustained increases of ABA content in shoot sap. The gm was positively correlated to gs during a drying process. Compared to gs or gm, WUEi was strongly correlated with gm/gs. WUEi improved within Ψsoil range between -0.83 and -1.15 MPa. In summary, gs showed a higher sensitivity to drought than gm. Under moderate and severe drought at Ψsoil ≤ -1.01 MPa, furthermore from hydraulic signals, ABA was also involved in this co-ordination reductions of gs and gm and thereby regulated An and WUEi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rangjian Qiu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
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45
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Abstract
Since 1893, when the word "photosynthesis" was first coined by Charles Reid Barnes and Conway MacMillan, our understanding of the elements and regulation of this complex process is far from being entirely understood. We aim to review the most relevant advances in photosynthesis research from the last few years and to provide a perspective on the forthcoming research in this field. Recent discoveries related to light sensing, harvesting, and dissipation; kinetics of CO2 fixation; components and regulators of CO2 diffusion through stomata and mesophyll; and genetic engineering for improving photosynthetic and production capacities of crops are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia V Perera-Castro
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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46
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Gimeno TE, Campany CE, Drake JE, Barton CVM, Tjoelker MG, Ubierna N, Marshall JD. Whole-tree mesophyll conductance reconciles isotopic and gas-exchange estimates of water-use efficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2535-2547. [PMID: 33217000 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic water-use efficiency (WUE) describes the link between terrestrial carbon (C) and water cycles. Estimates of intrinsic WUE (iWUE) from gas exchange and C isotopic composition (δ13 C) differ due to an internal conductance in the leaf mesophyll (gm ) that is variable and seldom computed. We present the first direct estimates of whole-tree gm , together with iWUE from whole-tree gas exchange and δ13 C of the phloem (δ13 Cph ). We measured gas exchange, online 13 C-discrimination, and δ13 Cph monthly throughout spring, summer, and autumn in Eucalyptus tereticornis grown in large whole-tree chambers. Six trees were grown at ambient temperatures and six at a 3°C warmer air temperature; a late-summer drought was also imposed. Drought reduced whole-tree gm . Warming had few direct effects, but amplified drought-induced reductions in whole-tree gm . Whole-tree gm was similar to leaf gm for these same trees. iWUE estimates from δ13 Cph agreed with iWUE from gas exchange, but only after incorporating gm . δ13 Cph was also correlated with whole-tree 13 C-discrimination, but offset by -2.5 ± 0.7‰, presumably due to post-photosynthetic fractionations. We conclude that δ13 Cph is a good proxy for whole-tree iWUE, with the caveats that post-photosynthetic fractionations and intrinsic variability of gm should be incorporated to provide reliable estimates of this trait in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Gimeno
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48008, Spain
| | - Courtney E Campany
- Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, USA
| | - John E Drake
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, 132110, USA
| | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Nerea Ubierna
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John D Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd 17, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden
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47
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Coêlho MRV, Rivas R, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Bezerra-Neto JP, Pandolfi V, Benko-Iseppon AM, Santos MG. Salt tolerance of Calotropis procera begins with immediate regulation of aquaporin activity in the root system. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:457-468. [PMID: 33854276 PMCID: PMC7981346 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ability to respond quickly to salt stress can determine the tolerance level of a species. Here, we test how rapidly the roots of Calotropis procera react to high salinity conditions. In the first 24 h after saline exposure, the plants reduced stomatal conductance, increased CO2 assimilation, and water use efficiency. Thus, the root tissue showed an immediate increase in soluble sugars, free amino acid, and soluble protein contents. Twelve aquaporins showed differential gene expression in the roots of C. procera under salinity. Transcriptional upregulation was observed only after 2 h, with greater induction of CpTIP1.4 (fourfold). Transcriptional downregulation, in turn, occurred mainly after 8 h, with the largest associated with CpPIP1.2 (fourfold). C. procera plants responded quickly to high saline levels. Our results showed a strong stomatal control associated with high free amino acid and soluble sugar contents, regulated aquaporin expression in roots, and supported the high performance of the root system of C. procera under salinity. Moreover, this species was able to maintain a lower Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves compared to that of the roots of stressed plants. The first response of the root system, after immediate contact with saline solution, present an interesting scenario to discuss. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00957-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. V. Coêlho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Rebeca Rivas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - José R. C. Ferreira-Neto
- Laboratório de Genética E Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - João P. Bezerra-Neto
- Laboratório de Genética E Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Laboratório de Genética E Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Laboratório de Genética E Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Mauro G. Santos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
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48
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Evans JR. Mesophyll conductance: walls, membranes and spatial complexity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1864-1876. [PMID: 33135193 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A significant resistance to CO2 diffusion is imposed by mesophyll tissue inside leaves. Mesophyll resistance, rm (or its reciprocal, mesophyll conductance, gm ), reduces the rate at which Rubisco can fix CO2 , increasing the water and nitrogen costs of carbon acquisition. gm varies in proportion to the surface area of chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspace per unit leaf area. It also depends on the thickness and effective porosity of the cell wall and the CO2 permeabilities of membranes. As no measurements exist for the effective porosity of mesophyll cell walls, and CO2 permeability values are too low to account for observed rates of CO2 assimilation, conclusions from modelling must be treated with caution. There is great variation in the mesophyll resistance per unit chloroplast area for a given cell wall thickness, which may reflect differences in effective porosity. While apparent gm can vary with CO2 and irradiance, the underlying conductance at the cellular level may remain unchanged. Dynamic changes in apparent gm arise for spatial reasons and because chloroplasts differ in their photosynthetic composition and operate in different light environments. Measurements of the temperature sensitivity of membrane CO2 permeability are urgently needed to explain variation in temperature responses of gm .
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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49
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Kitao M, Agathokleous E, Harayama H, Yazaki K, Tobita H. Constant ratio of C c to C i under various CO 2 concentrations and light intensities, and during progressive drought, in seedlings of Japanese white birch. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:27-37. [PMID: 33068256 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Constant mesophyll conductance (gm), and two-resistance gm model (involved in resistances of cell wall and chloroplast), where gm reaches maximum under higher CO2 concentrations, cannot describe the phenomenon that gm decreases with increasing intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) under relatively higher CO2 concentrations. Yin et al. (2020) proposed a gm model, according to which the ratio of chloroplastic CO2 concentration (Cc) to Ci is constant in the two-resistance gm model, which can describe the decreasing gm with increasing Ci. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between Cc and Ci in leaves of Japanese white birch by using simultaneous measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence under various CO2 concentrations, light intensities, and during progressive drought. Across the range of ambient CO2 from 50 to 1000 μmol mol-1, and light intensities of 50 to 2000 μmol m-2 s-1, measured under well irrigation, the ratio of Cc to Ci kept constant. During the progressive drought, overestimated Ci due to stomatal patchiness and/or cuticular transpiration was empirically corrected (threshold: stomatal conductance < 0.08 mol H2O m-2 s-1) from the A/Ci response measured under adequate irrigation. The ratio of Cc to Ci during progressive drought (predawn leaf potential reached ≈ - 2 MPa) also remained constant irrespective of soil drying rate in various pot sizes. The present study suggests the involvement of some physiologically regulative mechanisms to keep Cc:Ci ratio constant, which might act on gm in addition to the physical interaction of diffusive resistances in the cell components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitsujigaoka 7, Sapporo, 062-8516, Japan.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitsujigaoka 7, Sapporo, 062-8516, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hisanori Harayama
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitsujigaoka 7, Sapporo, 062-8516, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tobita
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
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50
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Schulz P, Piepenburg K, Lintermann R, Herde M, Schöttler MA, Schmidt LK, Ruf S, Kudla J, Romeis T, Bock R. Improving plant drought tolerance and growth under water limitation through combinatorial engineering of signalling networks. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:74-86. [PMID: 32623825 PMCID: PMC7769235 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is by far the biggest water consumer on our planet, accounting for 70 per cent of all freshwater withdrawals. Climate change and a growing world population increase pressure on agriculture to use water more efficiently ('more crop per drop'). Water-use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance of crops are complex traits that are determined by many physiological processes whose interplay is not well understood. Here, we describe a combinatorial engineering approach to optimize signalling networks involved in the control of stress tolerance. Screening a large population of combinatorially transformed plant lines, we identified a combination of calcium-dependent protein kinase genes that confers enhanced drought stress tolerance and improved growth under water-limiting conditions. Targeted introduction of this gene combination into plants increased plant survival under drought and enhanced growth under water-limited conditions. Our work provides an efficient strategy for engineering complex signalling networks to improve plant performance under adverse environmental conditions, which does not depend on prior understanding of network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schulz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam‐GolmGermany
- Institut für BiologieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Katrin Piepenburg
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | | | - Marco Herde
- Institut für BiologieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Present address:
Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of PlantsLeibniz Universität HannoverHerrenhäuser Str. 2Hannover30419Germany
| | - Mark A. Schöttler
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Lena K. Schmidt
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der PflanzenWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der PflanzenWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Tina Romeis
- Institut für BiologieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Present address:
Leibniz‐Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie (IPB)Weinberg 3Halle/SaaleD‐06120Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam‐GolmGermany
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