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Vangi E, Dalmonech D, Cioccolo E, Marano G, Bianchini L, Puchi PF, Grieco E, Cescatti A, Colantoni A, Chirici G, Collalti A. Stand age diversity (and more than climate change) affects forests' resilience and stability, although unevenly. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121822. [PMID: 39018839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Stand age significantly influences the functioning of forest ecosystems by shaping structural and physiological plant traits, affecting water and carbon budgets. Forest age distribution is determined by the interplay of tree mortality and regeneration, influenced by both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Unfortunately, human-driven alteration of tree age distribution presents an underexplored avenue for enhancing forest stability and resilience. In our study, we investigated how age impacts the stability and resilience of the forest carbon budget under both current and future climate conditions. We employed a state-of-the-science biogeochemical, biophysical, validated process-based model on historically managed forest stands, projecting their future as undisturbed systems, i.e., left at their natural evolution with no management interventions (i.e., forests are left to develop undisturbed). Such a model, forced by climate data from five Earth System Models under four representative climate scenarios and one baseline scenario to disentangle the effect of climate change, spanned several age classes as representative of the current European forests' context, for each stand. Our findings indicate that Net Primary Production (NPP) peaks in the young and middle-aged classes (16- to 50-year-old), aligning with longstanding ecological theories, regardless of the climate scenario. Under climate change, the beech forest exhibited an increase in NPP and maintained stability across all age classes, while resilience remained constant with rising atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. However, NPP declined under climate change scenarios for the Norway spruce and Scots pine sites. In these coniferous forests, stability and resilience were more influenced. These results underscore the necessity of accounting for age class diversity -lacking in most, if not all, the current Global Vegetation Models - for reliable and robust assessments of the impacts of climate change on future forests' stability and resilience capacity. We, therefore, advocate for customized management strategies that enhance the adaptability of forests to changing climatic conditions, taking into account the diverse responses of different species and age groups to climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Vangi
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; geoLAB - Laboratory of Forest Geomatics, Dept. of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Daniela Dalmonech
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisa Cioccolo
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (UNITUS-DAFNE), Tuscia University of Viterbo, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gina Marano
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Bianchini
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (UNITUS-DAFNE), Tuscia University of Viterbo, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Paulina F Puchi
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Elisa Grieco
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cescatti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Colantoni
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (UNITUS-DAFNE), Tuscia University of Viterbo, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gherardo Chirici
- geoLAB - Laboratory of Forest Geomatics, Dept. of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Firenze, Italy; Fondazione per il Futuro delle Città, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy
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Dimitrova A, Balzano A, Tsedensodnom E, Byambadorj SO, Nyam-Osor B, Scippa GS, Merela M, Chiatante D, Montagnoli A. The adaptability of Ulmus pumila and the sensitivity of Populus sibirica to semi-arid steppe is reflected in the stem and root vascular cambium and anatomical wood traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393245. [PMID: 38933456 PMCID: PMC11202817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Afforestation success is measured by the tree establishment and growth capacity which contribute to a range of ecosystem services. In the Mongolian steppe, Populus sibirica and Ulmus pumila have been tested as candidate species for large afforestation programs, by analyzing their response to a combination of irrigation and fertilization treatments. While in temperate and Mediterranean forest ecosystems, xylogenetic studies provide insight into the trees' plasticity and adaptability, this type of knowledge is non-existent in semi-arid regions, whose climatic features are expected to become a global issue. Furthermore, in general, a comparison between the stem and root response is scarce or absent. In the present study, we show that the anatomical traits of the vascular cambium and the xylem, from stem and root microcores, reflect the previously noted dependence of P. sibirica from irrigation - as they proportionally increase and the higher adaptability of U. pumila to drought - due to the reduced impact across all five characteristics. As the first wood anatomy study of these species in semiarid areas, future research is urgently needed, as it could be a tool for quicker understanding of species' suitability under expected to be exacerbated semi-arid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastazija Dimitrova
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
- Department of Seed Science and Forest Stands, Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Angela Balzano
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Enkhchimeg Tsedensodnom
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ser-Oddamba Byambadorj
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Batkhuu Nyam-Osor
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Maks Merela
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Donato Chiatante
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Botany, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Montagnoli
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Botany, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Darenova E, Knott R, Vichta T. Does lower water availability limit stem CO 2 efflux of oak and hornbeam coppices? AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae023. [PMID: 38638333 PMCID: PMC11025467 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent changes in water availability can be crucial for the development, growth and carbon budget of forests. Therefore, our aim was to determine the effect of reduced throughfall and severe summer drought on stem CO2 efflux as a function of temperature and stem increment. Stem CO2 efflux was measured using the chamber method on oak and hornbeam under four treatments: coppice, thinned coppice, and both coppice and thinned coppice with 30 %-reduced throughfall. The first year of the experiment had favourable soil water availability and the second year was characterized by a dry summer. While reduced throughfall had no effect on stem CO2 efflux, the summer drought decreased efflux by 43-81 % during July and August. The stem CO2 efflux was reduced less severely (by 13-40 %) in September when the drought persisted but the stem increment was already negligible. The stem increment was also strongly affected by the drought, which was reflected in its paired relationship with stem CO2 efflux over the two experimental years. The study showed that summer dry periods significantly and rapidly reduce stem CO2 efflux, whereas a constant 30 % rainfall reduction needs probably a longer time to affect stem properties, and indirectly stem CO2 efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darenova
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1665/1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Knott
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1665/1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vichta
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1665/1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
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Albrecht EC, Dobbert S, Pape R, Löffler J. Patterns, timing, and environmental drivers of growth in two coexisting green-stemmed Mediterranean alpine shrubs species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:114-130. [PMID: 37753537 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean alpine is one of the most vulnerable ecosystems under future environmental change. Yet, patterns, timing and environmental controls of plant growth are poorly investigated. We aimed at an improved understanding of growth processes, as well as stem swelling and shrinking patterns, by examining two common coexisting green-stemmed shrub species. Using dendrometers to measure daily stem diameter changes, we separated these changes into water-related shrinking and swelling and irreversible growth. Implementing correlation analysis, linear mixed effects models, and partial least squares regression on time series of stem diameter changes, with corresponding soil temperature and moisture data as environmental predictors, we found species-specific growth patterns related to different drought-adaptive strategies. We show that the winter-cold-adapted species Cytisus galianoi uses a drought tolerance strategy combined with a high ecological plasticity, and is, thus, able to gain competitive advantages under future climate warming. In contrast, Genista versicolor is restricted to a narrower ecological niche using a winter-cold escape and drought avoidance strategy, which might be of disadvantage in a changing climate. Pregrowth environmental conditions were more relevant than conditions during growth, controlling the species' resource availability. Thus, studies focusing on current driver constellations of growth may fail to predict a species' ecological niche and its potential future performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Corina Albrecht
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Dobbert
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Roland Pape
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Gullbringvegen 36, Bø, N-3800, Norway
| | - Jörg Löffler
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
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Salomón RL, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, De Roo L, Miranda JC, Bodé S, Boeckx P, Steppe K. Carbon isotope composition of respired CO2 in woody stems and leafy shoots of three tree species along the growing season: physiological drivers for respiratory fractionation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1731-1744. [PMID: 37471648 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The carbon isotope composition of respired CO2 (δ13CR) and bulk organic matter (δ13CB) of various plant compartments informs about the isotopic fractionation and substrate of respiratory processes, which are crucial to advance the understanding of carbon allocation in plants. Nevertheless, the variation across organs, species and seasons remains poorly understood. Cavity Ring-Down Laser Spectroscopy was applied to measure δ13CR in leafy shoots and woody stems of maple (Acer platanoides L.), oak (Quercus robur L.) and cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) trees during spring and late summer. Photosynthesis, respiration, growth and non-structural carbohydrates were measured in parallel to evaluate potential drivers for respiratory fractionation. The CO2 respired by maple and oak shoots was 13C-enriched relative to δ13CB during spring, but not late summer or in the stem. In cedar, δ13CR did not vary significantly throughout organs and seasons, with respired CO2 being 13C-depleted relative to δ13CB. Shoot δ13CR was positively related to leaf starch concentration in maple, while stem δ13CR was inversely related to stem growth. These relations were not significant for oak or cedar. The variability in δ13CR suggests (i) different contributions of respiratory pathways between organs and (ii) seasonality in the respiratory substrate and constitutive compounds for wood formation in deciduous species, less apparent in evergreen cedar, whose respiratory metabolism might be less variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto L Salomón
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Research Group FORESCENT, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Research Group FORESCENT, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linus De Roo
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - José Carlos Miranda
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Research Group FORESCENT, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Chen L, Keski-Saari S, Kontunen-Soppela S, Zhu X, Zhou X, Hänninen H, Pumpanen J, Mola-Yudego B, Wu D, Berninger F. Immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost and growing season drought on forest gross primary productivity capacity in the Northern Hemisphere. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3924-3940. [PMID: 37165918 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Forests are increasingly exposed to extreme global warming-induced climatic events. However, the immediate and carry-over effects of extreme events on forests are still poorly understood. Gross primary productivity (GPP) capacity is regarded as a good proxy of the ecosystem's functional stability, reflecting its physiological response to its surroundings. Using eddy covariance data from 34 forest sites in the Northern Hemisphere, we analyzed the immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost (LSF) and growing season drought on needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. Path analysis was applied to reveal the plausible reasons behind the varied responses of forests to extreme events. The results show that LSF had clear immediate effects on the GPP capacity of both needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. However, GPP capacity in needle-leaf forests was more sensitive to drought than in broadleaf forests. There was no interaction between LSF and drought in either needle-leaf or broadleaf forests. Drought effects were still visible when LSF and drought coexisted in needle-leaf forests. Path analysis further showed that the response of GPP capacity to drought differed between needle-leaf and broadleaf forests, mainly due to the difference in the sensitivity of canopy conductance. Moreover, LSF had a more severe and long-lasting carry-over effect on forests than drought. These results enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of forest response to extreme events across forest types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sarita Keski-Saari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sari Kontunen-Soppela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xudan Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Heikki Hänninen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Blas Mola-Yudego
- School of Forest Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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Rezaie N, D'Andrea E, Scartazza A, Gričar J, Prislan P, Calfapietra C, Battistelli A, Moscatello S, Proietti S, Matteucci G. Upside down and the game of C allocation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023:tpad034. [PMID: 36917230 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) represent the primary carbon (C) reserves and play a crucial role for plant functioning and resilience. Indeed, these compounds are involved in the regulation between C supply and demand, and in the maintenance of hydraulic efficiency. NSCs are stored in parenchyma of woody organs, which is recognized as a proxy for reserve storage capacity of tree. Notwithstanding the importance of NSCs for tree physiology, their long-term regulation and trade-offs against growth were not deeply investigated. This work evaluated the long-term dynamics of mature tree reserves in stem and root, proxied by parenchyma features, and focusing on the trade off and interplay between the resources allocation in radial growth and reserves in stem and coarse root. In a Mediterranean beech forest, NSCs content, stem and root wood anatomy analysis, and eddy covariance data, were combined. The parenchyma fraction (RAP) of beech root and stem was different, due to differences in axial parenchyma (AP) and narrow ray parenchyma (nRP) fractions. However, these parenchyma components and radial growth showed synchronous inter-annual dynamics between the two organs. In beech stem, positive correlations were found among soluble sugars content and nRP, and among starch content and the AP. Positive correlations were found among Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and AP of both organs. In contrast, NEE was negatively correlated to radial growth of root and stem. Our results suggest a different contribution of stem and roots to reserves storage, and a putative partitioning in the functional roles of parenchyma components. Moreover, a long-term trade-off of C allocation between growth and reserve pool was evidenced. Indeed, in case of C source reduction, trees preferentially allocate C towards reserves pool. Conversely, in high productive years, growth represents the major C sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Rezaie
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Via P. Castellino n. 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Prislan
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Simona Proietti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), via Madonna del Piano, 10 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
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Scartazza A, Sbrana C, D'Andrea E, Matteucci G, Rezaie N, Lauteri M. Above- and belowground interplay: Canopy CO 2 uptake, carbon and nitrogen allocation and isotope fractionation along the plant-ectomycorrhiza continuum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:889-900. [PMID: 36541420 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In forests, mycorrhizal fungi regulate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics. We evaluated the interplay among ectomycorrhizas (ECM), ecosystem C fluxes, tree productivity, C and N exchange and isotopic fractionation along the soil-ECM-plant continuum in a Mediterranean beech forest. From bud break to leaf shedding, we monitored: net ecosystem exchange (NEE, a measure of the net exchange of C between an ecosystem and the atmosphere), leaf area index, stem growth, N concentration, δ13 C and δ15 N in rhizosphere soil, ectomycorrhizal fine root tips (ERT), ECM-free fine root portions (NCR) and leaves. Seasonal changes in ERT relative biomass were strictly related to NEE and mimicked those detected in the radial growth. The analysis of δ13 C in ERT, leaves and NCR highlighted the impact of canopy photosynthesis on ERT development and an asynchronous seasonal C allocation strategy between ERT and NCR at the root tips level. Concerning N, δ15 N of leaves was negatively related to that of ERT and dependent on seasonal 15 N differences between ERT and NCR. Our results unravel a synchronous C allocation towards ERT and tree stem driven by the increasing NEE in spring-early summer. Moreover, they highlighted a phenology-dependent 15 N fractionation during N transfer from ECM to their hosts. This evidence, obtained in mature beech trees under natural conditions, may improve the knowledge of Mediterranean forests functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Pisa, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristiana Sbrana
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBBA), Pisa, Italy
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Porano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Negar Rezaie
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Lauteri
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Porano, Italy
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Testolin R, Dalmonech D, Marano G, Bagnara M, D'Andrea E, Matteucci G, Noce S, Collalti A. Simulating diverse forest management options in a changing climate on a Pinus nigra subsp. laricio plantation in Southern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159361. [PMID: 36252656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean pine plantations provide several ecosystem services but are vulnerable to climate change. Forest management might play a strategic role in the adaptation of Mediterranean forests, but the joint effect of climate change and diverse management options have seldom been investigated together. Here, we simulated the development of a Laricio pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio) stand in the Bonis watershed (southern Italy) from its establishment in 1958 up to 2095 using a state-of-the-science process-based forest model. The model was run under three climate scenarios corresponding to increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration and warming, and six management options with different goals, including wood production and renaturalization. We analysed the effect of climate change on annual carbon fluxes (i.e., gross and net primary production) and stocks (i.e., basal area, standing and harvested carbon woody stocks) of the autotrophic compartment, as well as the impact of different management options compared to a no management baseline. Results show that higher temperatures (+3 to +5 °C) and lower precipitation (-20 % to -22 %) will trigger a decrease in net primary productivity in the second half of the century. Compared to no management, the other options had a moderate effect on carbon fluxes over the whole simulation (between -14 % and +11 %). While standing woody biomass was reduced by thinning interventions and the shelterwood system (between -5 % and -41 %), overall carbon stocks including the harvested wood were maximized (between +41 % and +56 %). Results highlight that management exerts greater effects on the carbon budget of Laricio pine plantations than climate change alone, and that climate change and management are largely independent (i.e., no strong interaction effects). Therefore, appropriate silvicultural strategies might enhance potential carbon stocks and improve forest conditions, with cascading positive effects on the provision of ecosystem services in Mediterranean pine plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Testolin
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy; BIOME Lab., Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario per la Biodiversità Vegetale Big Data - PLANT DATA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; LifeWatch, Italy.
| | - Daniela Dalmonech
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gina Marano
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy; Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Bagnara
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiKF), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via G. Marconi n. 2, 05010 Porano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sergio Noce
- Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change, Division Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (CMCC-IAFES), 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessio Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy
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10
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Teglia A, Di Baccio D, Matteucci G, Scartazza A, De Cinti B, Mazzenga F, Ravaioli D, Muzzi E, Marcolini G, Magnani F. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the nutritional and physiological status of beech forests at two climatic contrasting sites in Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155362. [PMID: 35460784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have resulted in a significant increase of reactive nitrogen (N) compounds in the atmosphere and a rise in N deposition on forest ecosystems. Increasing N loads impact forest productivity and health, altering tree physiological status and nutrient balance with possible beneficial and detrimental consequences. The impact of N deposition has received considerable attention by scientific research, covering medium and high latitudes, while experimental studies in the Mediterranean area are almost absent. The present study used a manipulative approach, through replicated N additions (background deposition, 30, 60 kg N ha-1yr-1) to simulate the cumulative effects of N deposition in two beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) forests located in contrasting climatic regions of Italy. Leaf nutrients and photosynthetic pigments were tested as monitoring indicators after four years of N fertilization. Foliar N and pigment concentrations indicated not limiting N conditions at both forest sites, although changes in chlorophylls and carotenoids showed an early response of the canopy to N additions. N-to-phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) ratios increased under elevated N fertilization, which could be partly related to the relative enhancement of foliar N concentration, and partly associated with the reduction of foliar P and S. The two eutrophic beech forests monitored were not severely affected by chronic N addition, not showing critical nutritional and physiological impairments over the short to medium period. However, the modifications in leaf nutrient and pigment compositions showed an incipient stress response and accentuated the differences induced by climatic and soil characteristics at the two sites. The potential use of nutrients and photosynthetic pigments in monitoring forest N deposition under contrasting climatic conditions and the eventual limits of manipulative experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Teglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Di Baccio
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruno De Cinti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Salaria km 29,300, Montelibretti, RM, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzenga
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), via dei Taurini 19, 00185, Rome
| | - Dario Ravaioli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Muzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Graziella Marcolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Magnani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
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11
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de Wergifosse L, André F, Goosse H, Boczon A, Cecchini S, Ciceu A, Collalti A, Cools N, D'Andrea E, De Vos B, Hamdi R, Ingerslev M, Knudsen MA, Kowalska A, Leca S, Matteucci G, Nord-Larsen T, Sanders TG, Schmitz A, Termonia P, Vanguelova E, Van Schaeybroeck B, Verstraeten A, Vesterdal L, Jonard M. Simulating tree growth response to climate change in structurally diverse oak and beech forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150422. [PMID: 34852431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to simulate oak and beech forest growth under various scenarios of climate change and to evaluate how the forest response depends on site properties and particularly on stand characteristics using the individual process-based model HETEROFOR. First, this model was evaluated on a wide range of site conditions. We used data from 36 long-term forest monitoring plots to initialize, calibrate, and evaluate HETEROFOR. This evaluation showed that HETEROFOR predicts individual tree radial growth and height increment reasonably well under different growing conditions when evaluated on independent sites. In our simulations under constant CO2 concentration ([CO2]cst) for the 2071-2100 period, climate change induced a moderate net primary production (NPP) gain in continental and mountainous zones and no change in the oceanic zone. The NPP changes were negatively affected by air temperature during the vegetation period and by the annual rainfall decrease. To a lower extent, they were influenced by soil extractable water reserve and stand characteristics. These NPP changes were positively affected by longer vegetation periods and negatively by drought for beech and larger autotrophic respiration costs for oak. For both species, the NPP gain was much larger with rising CO2 concentration ([CO2]var) mainly due to the CO2 fertilisation effect. Even if the species composition and structure had a limited influence on the forest response to climate change, they explained a large part of the NPP variability (44% and 34% for [CO2]cst and [CO2]var, respectively) compared to the climate change scenario (5% and 29%) and the inter-annual climate variability (20% and 16%). This gives the forester the possibility to act on the productivity of broadleaved forests and prepare them for possible adverse effects of climate change by reinforcing their resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis de Wergifosse
- Earth and Life Institute: Environmental Sciences, UCLouvain, 1, Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Earth and Life Institute: Earth and Climate, UCLouvain, 3, Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Frédéric André
- Earth and Life Institute: Environmental Sciences, UCLouvain, 1, Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hugues Goosse
- Earth and Life Institute: Earth and Climate, UCLouvain, 3, Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Boczon
- Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, ul. Braci Lesnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Sébastien Cecchini
- Office National des Forêts, Département Recherche-Développement-Innovation, Bâtiment B, Boulevard de Constance, 77300 Fontainebleau, France
| | - Albert Ciceu
- Forest Management Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry INCDS Marin Drăcea, 128, Bulevardul Eroilor, 077190 Voluntari, Romania; Department of Forest Engineering, Forest Management Planning and Terrestrial Measurements, Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, "Transilvania" University, 1 Ludwig van Beethoven Str., 500123 Braşov, Romania
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, PG, Italy; Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), 4, Gaverstraat, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy 8 (CNR-ISAFOM), P. le Enrico Fermi 1 Loc. Porto del Granatello, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Bruno De Vos
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), 4, Gaverstraat, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Rafiq Hamdi
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, 3, Avenue circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Morten Ingerslev
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Morten Alban Knudsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anna Kowalska
- Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, ul. Braci Lesnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Stefan Leca
- Forest Management Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry INCDS Marin Drăcea, 128, Bulevardul Eroilor, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Thomas Nord-Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tanja Gm Sanders
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmitz
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 1, Büsgenweg, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia, 10, Leibnizstraße, 45659 Recklinghausen, Germany; Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 1, Büsgenweg, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Piet Termonia
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, 3, Avenue circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 86, Proeftuinstraat, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena Vanguelova
- Centre of Ecosystem, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Bert Van Schaeybroeck
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, 3, Avenue circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arne Verstraeten
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), 4, Gaverstraat, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Jonard
- Earth and Life Institute: Environmental Sciences, UCLouvain, 1, Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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12
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Rubio-Cuadrado Á, Camarero JJ, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Perea R, Gómez C, Montes F, Gil L. Impact of successive spring frosts on leaf phenology and radial growth in three deciduous tree species with contrasting climate requirements in central Spain. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2279-2292. [PMID: 34046675 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rear-edge tree populations forming the equatorward limit of distribution of temperate species are assumed to be more adapted to climate variability than central (core) populations. However, climate is expected to become more variable and the frequency of climate extremes is forecasted to increase. Climatic extreme events such as heat waves, dry spells and spring frosts could become more frequent, and negatively impact and jeopardize rear-edge stands. To evaluate these ideas, we analyzed the growth response of trees to successive spring frosts in a mixed forest, where two temperate deciduous species, Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak), both at their southernmost edge, coexist with the Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica Willd. (Pyrenean oak). Growth reductions in spring-frost years ranked across species as F. sylvatica > Q. petraea > Q. pyrenaica. Leaf flushing occurred earlier in F. sylvatica and later in Q. pyrenaica, suggesting that leaf phenology was a strong determinant of spring frost damage and stem growth reduction. The frost impact depended on prior climate conditions, since warmer days prior to frost occurrence predisposed to frost damage. Autumn Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data showed delayed leaf senescence in spring-frost years and subsequent years as compared with pre-frost years. In the studied forest, the negative impact of spring frosts on Q. petraea and especially on F. sylvatica growth, was considerably higher than the impacts due to drought. The succession of four spring frosts in the last two decades determined a trend of decreasing resistance of radial growth to frosts in F. sylvatica. The increased frequency of spring frosts might prevent the expansion and persistence of F. sylvatica in this rear-edge Mediterranean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50080, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ramón Perea
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- iuFOR-EiFAB, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, Soria 42004, Spain
| | - Fernando Montes
- INIA, Forest Research Centre, Department of Silviculture and Forest Management, Crta La Coruña km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
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13
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Arnič D, Gričar J, Jevšenak J, Božič G, von Arx G, Prislan P. Different Wood Anatomical and Growth Responses in European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) at Three Forest Sites in Slovenia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:669229. [PMID: 34381473 PMCID: PMC8349990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.669229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) adapts to local growing conditions to enhance its performance. In response to variations in climatic conditions, beech trees adjust leaf phenology, cambial phenology, and wood formation patterns, which result in different tree-ring widths (TRWs) and wood anatomy. Chronologies of tree ring width and vessel features [i.e., mean vessel area (MVA), vessel density (VD), and relative conductive area (RCTA)] were produced for the 1960-2016 period for three sites that differ in climatic regimes and spring leaf phenology (two early- and one late-flushing populations). These data were used to investigate long-term relationships between climatic conditions and anatomical features of four quarters of tree-rings at annual and intra-annual scales. In addition, we investigated how TRW and vessel features adjust in response to extreme weather events (i.e., summer drought). We found significant differences in TRW, VD, and RCTA among the selected sites. Precipitation and maximum temperature before and during the growing season were the most important climatic factors affecting TRW and vessel characteristics. We confirmed differences in climate-growth relationships between the selected sites, late flushing beech population at Idrija showing the least pronounced response to climate. MVA was the only vessel trait that showed no relationship with TRW or other vessel features. The relationship between MVA and climatic factors evaluated at intra-annual scale indicated that vessel area in the first quarter of tree-ring were mainly influenced by climatic conditions in the previous growing season, while vessel area in the second to fourth quarters of tree ring width was mainly influenced by maximum temperature and precipitation in the current growing season. When comparing wet and dry years, beech from all sites showed a similar response, with reduced TRW and changes in intra-annual variation in vessel area. Our findings suggest that changes in temperature and precipitation regimes as predicted by most climate change scenarios will affect tree-ring increments and wood structure in beech, yet the response between sites or populations may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domen Arnič
- Department for Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jevšenak
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Božič
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department for Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Dox I, Prislan P, Gričar J, Mariën B, Delpierre N, Flores O, Leys S, Rathgeber CBK, Fonti P, Campioli M. Drought elicits contrasting responses on the autumn dynamics of wood formation in late successional deciduous tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1171-1185. [PMID: 33616191 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on wood phenology has mainly focused on reactivation of the cambium in spring. In this study we investigated if summer drought advances cessation of wood formation and if it has any influence on wood structure in late successional forest trees of the temperate zone. The end of xylogenesis was monitored between August and November in stands of European beech and pedunculate oak in Belgium for two consecutive years, 2017 and 2018, with the latter year having experienced an exceptional summer drought. Wood formation in oak was affected by the drought, with oak trees ceasing cambial activity and wood maturation about 3 weeks earlier in 2018 compared with 2017. Beech ceased wood formation before oak, but its wood phenology did not differ between years. Furthermore, between the 2 years, no significant difference was found in ring width, percentage of mature fibers in the late season, vessel size and density. In 2018, beech did show thinner fiber walls, whereas oak showed thicker walls. In this paper, we showed that summer drought can have an important impact on late season wood phenology xylem development. This will help to better understand forest ecosystems and improve forest models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Dox
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems, PLECO, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture & Department for Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture & Department for Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bertold Mariën
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems, PLECO, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, rue du Doyen André Guinier 362, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), rue Descartes 1, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Omar Flores
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems, PLECO, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Leys
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems, PLECO, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Cyrille B K Rathgeber
- SILVA, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Cours Léopold 34, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Dendrosciences group, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems, PLECO, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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15
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Sangüesa-Barreda G, Di Filippo A, Piovesan G, Rozas V, Di Fiore L, García-Hidalgo M, García-Cervigón AI, Muñoz-Garachana D, Baliva M, Olano JM. Warmer springs have increased the frequency and extension of late-frost defoliations in southern European beech forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145860. [PMID: 33631566 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme climate events, causing profound impacts on forest function and composition. Late frost defoliation (LFD) events, the loss of photosynthetic tissues due to low temperatures at the start of the growing season, might become more recurrent under future climate scenarios. Therefore, the detection of changes in late-frost risk in response to global change emerges as a high-priority research topic. Here, we used a tree-ring network from southern European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests comprising Spain, Italy and the Austrian Alps, to assess the incidence of LFD events in the last seven decades. We fitted linear-mixed models of basal area increment using different LFD indicators considering warm spring temperatures and late-spring frosts as fixed factors. We reconstructed major LFD events since 1950, matching extreme values of LFD climatic indicators with sharp tree-ring growth reductions. The last LFD events were validated using remote sensing. Lastly, reconstructed LFD events were climatically and spatially characterized. Warm temperatures before the late-spring frost, defined by high values of growing-degree days, influenced beech growth negatively, particularly in the southernmost populations. The number of LFD events increased towards beech southern distribution edge. Spanish and the southernmost Italian beech forests experienced higher frequency of LFD events since the 1990s. Until then, LFD events were circumscribed to local scales, but since that decade, LFD events became widespread, largely affecting the whole beech southwestern distribution area. Our study, based on in-situ evidence, sheds light on the climatic factors driving LFD occurrence and illustrates how increased occurrence and spatial extension of late-spring frosts might constrain future southern European beech forests' growth and functionality. Observed alterations in the climate-phenology interactions in response to climate change represent a potential threat for temperate deciduous forests persistence in their drier/southern distribution edge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Di Filippo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Piovesan
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vicente Rozas
- EiFAB-iuFOR, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Luca Di Fiore
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Ana I García-Cervigón
- Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - Michele Baliva
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - José M Olano
- EiFAB-iuFOR, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
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16
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Model-Based Estimation of Amazonian Forests Recovery Time after Drought and Fire Events. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, droughts, deforestation and wildfires have become recurring phenomena that have heavily affected both human activities and natural ecosystems in Amazonia. The time needed for an ecosystem to recover from carbon losses is a crucial metric to evaluate disturbance impacts on forests. However, little is known about the impacts of these disturbances, alone and synergistically, on forest recovery time and the resulting spatiotemporal patterns at the regional scale. In this study, we combined the 3-PG forest growth model, remote sensing and field derived equations, to map the Amazonia-wide (3 km of spatial resolution) impact and recovery time of aboveground biomass (AGB) after drought, fire and a combination of logging and fire. Our results indicate that AGB decreases by 4%, 19% and 46% in forests affected by drought, fire and logging + fire, respectively, with an average AGB recovery time of 27 years for drought, 44 years for burned and 63 years for logged + burned areas and with maximum values reaching 184 years in areas of high fire intensity. Our findings provide two major insights in the spatial and temporal patterns of drought and wildfire in the Amazon: (1) the recovery time of the forests takes longer in the southeastern part of the basin, and, (2) as droughts and wildfires become more frequent—since the intervals between the disturbances are getting shorter than the rate of forest regeneration—the long lasting damage they cause potentially results in a permanent and increasing carbon losses from these fragile ecosystems.
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