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Lee U, Mills DJ. Assessing the Link Between General Causality Orientations and Problem Gambling, and the Mediational Role of Nonattachment, Greed, and Anhedonia. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:1349-1365. [PMID: 38493429 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Gambling is common in the US, yet nearly one in three players experience gambling-related problems. Using Self-Determination Theory, this study explores how three causality orientations-autonomous, controlled, and impersonal-affect the severity of problem gambling. The study further investigates the mediating roles of nonattachment, dispositional greed, and anhedonia to illuminate how these orientations relate to problem gambling. The data from 675 participants (59% male; Mean age = 40.4 years, SD = 12.9) via Amazon's Mechanical Turk were collected following a screening procedure to identify at-risk players. Findings showed that dispositional greed mediated the impact of a controlled orientation on problem gambling severity, while anhedonia mediated the effect of impersonal orientation. Unexpectedly, nonattachment did not explain the effect of autonomous orientation on problem gambling, though a negative association was still observed. This research enhances understanding of how individual differences and causality orientations contribute to problem gambling behavior. The implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uibin Lee
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41250, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1250, USA.
| | - Devin J Mills
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41250, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1250, USA
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2
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Gori A, Topino E. Problematic Gambling Behavior in a Sample of Gamblers: The Role of Alexithymia, Dissociation Features, and External Locus of Control. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10322-6. [PMID: 38831237 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Gambling disorder is a severe condition that significantly compromises the lives of those affected. In light of this clinical relevance, the literature on the antecedents of this form of addiction is constant and continually evolving. Consistently with this framework, the present research aimed at investigating the role of some risk factors in gambling disorder, with a specific focus on alexithymia, dissociation, and locus of control. The research involved a sample of 290 participants (183 males and 107 females; Mage = 34.43, SD = 14.65) who practice gambling at least occasionally. They completed an online survey including the South Oaks Gambling Screen, Twenty-Items Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Dissociative Experience Scale-II, and Locus of Control of Behavior. ANOVA and a moderated-mediation model were implemented to analyse the collected data. Results showed that 19.0% of the participants were At Risk and Problem Gamblers, while 27.6% fell into the category of Problematic Gamblers. Problematic Gamblers showed significantly higher levels of alexithymia, dissociation, and external locus of control. Moreover, a significant association between alexithymia and the severity of problematic gambling behaviour was found and was significantly mediated by absorption (a dissociation feature). Furthermore, the external locus of control significantly moderated this indirect effect. The role of gender as a covariate was also investigated. Such findings may offer further insights into the field of clinical research on gambling disorder and may provide useful information for effective clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, Firenze, 50135, Italy.
- Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Institute (IPPI), Via Ricasoli 32, Florence, 50122, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, Rome, 00193, Italy
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3
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Gee MJ, Johnson K, Leonhard C. Brief Virtual Workshop on Gambling Disorder to Raise Knowledge and Awareness Among Health Service Providers. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:1-20. [PMID: 36538203 PMCID: PMC9765357 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10176-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder is a "hidden disease" due to the lack of visible markers. It often negatively affects multiple domains of a person's life and predicts adverse physical, mental, social, and financial outcomes. Health service settings are suited for early detection of gambling disorder because of its comorbid medical conditions and due to the trust patients have in their health service providers (HSPs). However, HSPs often lack the knowledge needed to screen for this disorder and to make appropriate referrals. This paper reports a quasi-experimental wait-list control study (experimental group n = 18; wait-list control group n = 14), with cross-over and a twelve-week follow-up which assessed whether a brief virtual gambling disorder training entitled Gambling Know More could improve gambling disorder knowledge among HSPs. Results showed workshop participation caused a significant increase in gambling disorder knowledge immediately after the workshop and twelve weeks later. Participation in Gambling Know More bodes well for increasing early detection of gambling disorder and appropriate treatment referrals among HSPs. Findings have important policy implications for the training of HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gee
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Dr, P.O. Box 200, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA
| | - Kelli Johnson
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Dr, P.O. Box 200, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA
| | - Christoph Leonhard
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Dr, P.O. Box 200, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
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4
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Xu YE, Barron DA, Sudol K, Zisook S, Oquendo MA. Suicidal behavior across a broad range of psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2764-2810. [PMID: 36653675 PMCID: PMC10354222 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. In 2020, some 12.2 million Americans seriously contemplated suicide, 3.2 million planned suicide attempts, and 1.2 million attempted suicide. Traditionally, the approach to treating suicidal behavior (SB) has been to treat the "underlying" psychiatric disorder. However, the number of diagnoses associated with SB is considerable. We could find no studies describing the range of disorders reported to be comorbid with SB. This narrative review summarizes literature documenting the occurrence of SB across the lifespan and the full range of psychiatric diagnoses, not only BPD and those that comprise MDE, It also describes the relevance of these observations to clinical practice, research, and nosology. The literature searches contained the terms "suicid*" and each individual psychiatric diagnosis and identified 587 studies. We did not include case reports, case series, studies only addressing suicidal ideation or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), studies on self-harm, not distinguishing between SB and NSSI and studies that did not include any individuals that met criteria for a specific DSM-5 diagnosis (n = 366). We found that SB (suicide and/or suicide attempt) was reported to be associated with 72 out of 145 diagnoses, although data quality varied. Thus, SB is not exclusively germane to Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), the only conditions for which it is a diagnostic criterion. That SB co-occurs with so many diagnoses reinforces the need to assess current and past SB regardless of diagnosis, and supports the addition of charting codes to the DSM-5 to indicate current or past SB. It also comports with new data that specific genes are associated with SB independent of psychiatric diagnoses, and suggests that SB should be managed with specific suicide prevention interventions in addition to treatments indicated for co-occurring diagnoses. SB diagnostic codes would help researchers and clinicians document and measure SB's trajectory and response to treatment over time, and, ultimately, help develop secondary and tertiary prevention strategies. As a separate diagnosis, SB would preclude situations in which a potentially life-threatening behavior is not accounted for by a diagnosis, a problem that is particularly salient when no mental disorder is present, as is sometimes the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcheng E Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University and Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, 08103, US
| | - Daniel A Barron
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katherin Sudol
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Sidney Zisook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Corbeil O, Soulard M, Huot-Lavoie M, Béchard L, Fournier É, Brodeur S, Essiambre AM, Desmeules C, Thériault C, Abdel-Baki A, Jacques C, Giroux I, Dorval M, Roy MA, Demers MF. Problem gambling among people with first-episode psychosis: protocol for a prospective multicenter cohort study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:287. [PMID: 37098506 PMCID: PMC10127497 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited available data suggest that the prevalence of problem gambling is increased among young adults with first-episode psychosis, possibly due in part to several risk factors for problem gambling that are common in this population. Aripiprazole, a widely used antipsychotic drug, has also been linked to cases of problem gambling, but causality remains uncertain. Although the consequences of problem gambling further hinder the recovery of people with first-episode psychosis, there is a paucity of research about this comorbidity and its risk factors. Additionally, to our knowledge, no screening instrument for problem gambling tailored to these individuals exists, contributing to its under-recognition. Further, treatment approaches for problem gambling adapted to this population are at an embryonic stage, while existing treatments effectiveness remains to be documented. Using an innovative screening and assessment procedure for problem gambling, this study aims to identify risk factors for problem gambling among people with first-episode psychosis and to document the effectiveness of standard treatment approaches. METHODS This is a multicenter prospective cohort study conducted in two first-episode psychosis clinics, including all patients admitted between November 1st, 2019, and November 1st, 2023, followed for up to 3 years until May 1st, 2024. These 2 clinics admit approximately 200 patients annually, for an expected sample size of 800 individuals. The primary outcome is the occurrence of a DSM-5 diagnosis of gambling disorder. All patients are screened and evaluated for problem gambling using a systematic procedure at admission, and every 6 months thereafter. Socio-demographic and clinical variables are prospectively extracted from the patients' medical records. The nature and effectiveness of treatments for problem gambling offered to affected individuals are also documented from medical records. Survival analyses with Cox regression models will be used to identify potential risk factors for problem gambling. Descriptive statistics will document the effectiveness of treatments for problem gambling in this population. DISCUSSION A better understanding of potential risk factors for problem gambling among people with first-episode psychosis will allow for better prevention and detection of this neglected comorbidity. Results of this study will also hopefully raise clinicians' and researchers' awareness and serve as the basis to adapted treatments that will better support recovery. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05686772. Retrospectively registered, 9 January 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Corbeil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Av. de la Médecine Quebec City (QC), Québec, 1050, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Quebec Mental Health University Institute, Québec, Canada.
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada.
| | - Manuel Soulard
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime Huot-Lavoie
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Béchard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Av. de la Médecine Quebec City (QC), Québec, 1050, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Mental Health University Institute, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Émilien Fournier
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Av. de la Médecine Quebec City (QC), Québec, 1050, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Brodeur
- Quebec Mental Health University Institute, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Essiambre
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Desmeules
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Amal Abdel-Baki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Jacques
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre Québécois d'Excellence pour la Prévention et le Traitement du Jeu, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre Québécois d'Excellence pour la Prévention et le Traitement du Jeu, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Dorval
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Av. de la Médecine Quebec City (QC), Québec, 1050, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Roy
- Quebec Mental Health University Institute, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Demers
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Av. de la Médecine Quebec City (QC), Québec, 1050, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Mental Health University Institute, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
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6
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Armoon B, Griffiths MD, Mohammadi R, Ahounbar E. Suicidal Behaviors and Associated Factors Among Individuals with Gambling Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:751-777. [PMID: 36693983 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The risk for suicidal behaviors including suicide ideations and attempts among individuals with gambling disorder (IWGDs) is high compared to the general population. Little is known about the interplay of mood disorders, alcohol use disorders, and suicidal behaviors among IWGDs. The study aimed to determine the prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, risky behaviors, mental health disorders, and alcohol use disorders associated with suicide behaviors among IWGDs. Studies published between January 1 1995 and September 1 2022 were obtained from following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. PECOS (population, exposures, comparison, outcome, and study design) criteria were used for selecting studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for assessing risk of bias and rated each study in terms of exposure, outcome, and comparability. After initial assessment of 10,243 papers, a total of 39 studies met the eligibility criteria. Among IWGDs, the findings indicated a life-time pooled prevalence rate of 31% for suicide ideations (95% CI, 23-39%), 17% for suicide plans (95% CI, 0-34%), and 16% for suicide attempts (95% CI, 12-20%). Generally, suicide ideations among IWGDs were associated with having any financial debt and having chronic physical illnesses, as well as experiencing depression, mood disorders, and alcohol use disorders. Suicide attempts among IWGDs were associated with being older and having a childhood history of sexual abuse, as well as experiencing depression, mood disorders and alcohol use disorders. Interventions can help to facilitate seeking support among IWGDs by de-stigmatizing mental health disorders as well as improving the quality of care presented to individuals with psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Armoon
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran. .,Department of Public Health, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rasool Mohammadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ahounbar
- Orygen, The National Center of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Center for Youth Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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7
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Månsson V, Andrade J, Jayaram-Lindström N, Berman AH. "I see myself": Craving imagery among individuals with addictive disorders. J Addict Dis 2023; 41:64-77. [PMID: 35382704 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2058299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Craving has been put forward as a core feature of addictive disorders. The present qualitative study investigated the experience of craving among individuals with addictive disorders and recent experiences of cravings. Eleven individuals with Gambling Disorder and ten with Alcohol Use Disorder (n = 21) were recruited. A semi-structured interview explored: (1) modes of thought during craving (mental imagery or verbal thoughts), (2) craving content, (3) coping strategies and (4) craving context. The thematic analysis showed that cravings were initially dominated by imagery, with a subsequent conflict between imagery and verbal thoughts. Craving content included imagery of preparative rituals, anticipation, and sensory activation, imagery of the addictive behavior "me, there and then imagery" and anticipating that "something good will come out of it." Some participants related to craving as a symptom of sickness, and coping with craving were through distraction, reminding oneself of negative consequences, or via sensory control: avoiding stimuli associated with the addiction. Craving contexts included typical settings of drinking or gambling and engagement of both positive and negative emotions. Alcohol craving was described as an expected relief from internal stimuli, such as anxiety or stress, whereas gambling craving was more often described as an expectancy of financial reward. Craving was experienced mainly through imagery containing the preparative routines and expected outcomes. Future research and clinical practice should incorporate mode of thought in cravings to better understand its role in the maintenance of the disorders and their treatment. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2022.2058299 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Månsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jackie Andrade
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne H Berman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.,Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Molander O, Ramnerö J, Bjureberg J, Berman AH. What to target in cognitive behavioral treatment for gambling disorder-A qualitative study of clinically relevant behaviors. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:510. [PMID: 35902829 PMCID: PMC9331573 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From a clinical perspective, knowledge of the psychological processes involved in maintaining gambling disorder has been lacking. This qualitative study formulated hypotheses on how gambling disorder is maintained by identifying clinically relevant behaviors at an individual level, as a means to guide the development of new cognitive behavioral interventions. METHODS Six individuals from a treatment study, diagnosed with gambling disorder and with diverse symptom profiles of psychiatric comorbidity, were recruited. Participants were interviewed using an in-depth semi-structured functional interview and completed self-report measures assessing gambling behavior. RESULTS Functional analysis was used as a theoretical framework for a thematic analysis, which yielded the following categories: 1) antecedents that may increase or decrease gambling; 2) experiences accompanying gambling; 3) control strategies; 4) consequences of gambling behavior; and 5) events terminating gambling behavior. Few differences were identified in relation to symptom profiles of psychiatric comorbidity, although some gamblers did not report experiencing abstinence when not being able to gamble. CONCLUSIONS Gambling is a secluded activity mainly triggered by access to money. Positive and negative emotions could be both antecedents and functions of gambling behavior. Avoidance-based strategies used to control gambling might result in a failure to learn to control gambling behavior. Anticipation, selective attention, and chasing could be important reinforcers, which should be addressed in new developments in cognitive behavioral treatment for gambling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Molander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Norra stationsgatan 69, plan 7, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Stockholm Region Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Ramnerö
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Norra stationsgatan 69, plan 7, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Region Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Bjureberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Norra stationsgatan 69, plan 7, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Region Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne H Berman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Norra stationsgatan 69, plan 7, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Region Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Lind K, Castrén S, Hagfors H, Salonen AH. Harm as reported by affected others: A population-based cross-sectional Finnish Gambling 2019 study. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107263. [PMID: 35134630 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the prevalence of being an affected other (AO) of a person with problem gambling; and the associations between being an AO and socio-demographics, gambling behaviour, health-related correlates and the amount and type of gambling-related harm (GRH) for the AOs. Furthermore, perspectives of the affected family members (AFMs) and close friends (ACFs) were acknowledged. Cross-sectional, random sample Finnish Gambling population-based survey data (n = 3,994) were collected in 2019. AOs were identified using a question with seven options. Information on GRH was sought using structured questions. One-fifth (21.2 %) of all respondents were AOs, men being typically ACFs and women being more often AFMs. Being an AO was associated with younger age, gambling participation, having a gambling problem of their own and health barriers such as psychological distress. AFMs experienced GRH more often and the amount of different GRHs was greater among the AFMs. The most common harm category experienced by the AOs was emotional harm. Both health-related issues and the amount of GRHs was largest among the AFMs. A substantial amount of GRH was also experienced by ACFs. The study suggests that support could be tailored for AFMs and ACFs, based on their AO status and individual needs. A public health approach for effective harm prevention in primary, secondary and tertiary levels are discussed.
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10
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Broman N, Prever F, di Giacomo E, Jiménez-Murcia S, Szczegielniak A, Hansson H, Håkansson A. Gambling, Gaming, and Internet Behavior in a Sexual Minority Perspective. A Cross-Sectional Study in Seven European Countries. Front Psychol 2022; 12:707645. [PMID: 35498152 PMCID: PMC9045133 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Addictive behavior of gambling, gaming and internet activity is partly a new research domain and has not been well investigated with regard to sexual minority populations. Although health disparities between sexual minorities and the general population are well documented, there is a lack of inclusion of sexual minorities in both research and clinic. Among lesbian, gay and bisexual populations certain features could be present that play a role for the development of addictive behaviors, such as social isolation and increased risk of other psychiatric problems. The aim of this study was to investigate problem gambling, problem gaming and problematic internet behavior in a European context and if it is affected by sexual orientation status. Methods An online web-survey was distributed among web-panels in England, Poland, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Denmark, and Sweden in 2017-2018. Result 10 983 complete answers were collected. 7.1% of the participants had a sexual minority status (n = 774). Regression models found that there was no difference in gambling, gaming and internet behavior among heterosexual and sexual minority men. Sexual minority women were associated with problematic gambling and gaming behavior, when also controlling for age and nationality. When also controlling for psychological distress, women defining as having another sexual minority status than lesbian and bisexual remained significant for having a problematic gaming behavior (AOR = 2.3). Conclusion An awareness of female sexual minority perspectives is relevant in facilities treating behavioral addiction as well as in future research in behavioral addiction. More research is needed in problematic gambling and gaming behavior in different sexual minority populations with regard to psychiatric comorbidity and living conditions. An inclusion of sexual minority groups defining as other than gay and bisexual is needed in future research. No significant differences were found between heterosexual and sexual minority men in adjusted analysis in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niroshani Broman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Gambling Disorder Unit, Malmö Addiction Center, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fulvia Prever
- National Health System (NHS), Addiction Department, Milan, Italy
- SUN(N)COOP Scientific Director “Women and Gambling Project,” Milan, Italy
| | - Ester di Giacomo
- Section of Forensic Psychiatry, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Psychiatric Department -Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST), Monza, Italy
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Szczegielniak
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Helena Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Håkansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Gambling Disorder Unit, Malmö Addiction Center, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
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11
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Bond KS, Cottrill FA, Morgan AJ, Chalmers KJ, Lyons JN, Rossetto A, Kelly CM, Kelly L, Reavley NJ, Jorm AF. Evaluation of the Conversations About Gambling Mental Health First Aid course: effects on knowledge, stigmatising attitudes, confidence and helping behaviour. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:78. [PMID: 35331327 PMCID: PMC8943993 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of problem gambling are wide-ranging, affecting many aspects of health and negatively impacting the person who gambles, their family and friends, and their community. People experiencing problem gambling have low rates of help-seeking and perceive many barriers to treatment, although evidence suggests that encouragement and support from friends and family can increase rates of help-seeking. Mental Health First Aid Australia’s Conversations About Gambling course aims to teach members of the public evidence-based strategies for recognising and responding to signs of problem gambling in a person they know. Methods This research evaluated the effects of the Conversations About Gambling course on participants’ knowledge, confidence, stigmatising attitudes, intended helping behaviour and actual helping behaviour towards a person experiencing problem gambling. Participants from Australia completed surveys before the course, immediately after the course and six months later. Changes over time (pre-course to post-course, and pre-course to 6-month follow-up) were assessed with linear mixed models. Descriptive statistics and content analyses of open-ended questions pertaining to participants’ satisfaction with the course were also produced. Results Between 2018 and 2020, 166 participants were recruited into this study. At 6-month follow-up 87 participants (52.4%) provided data. Participants’ knowledge about gambling and gambling problems, confidence, desire for social distance and intentions to help a person experiencing problem gambling significantly improved from pre-course to post-course, and from pre-course to 6-month follow-up. The quality of some actions taken to support a person they knew who was experiencing problem gambling also improved from pre-course to 6-month follow-up, in line with the teachings of the course. Participants perceived the course to be highly acceptable. Conclusions The results of this initial evaluation of Mental Health First Aid Australia’s Conversations About Gambling course suggest that it is an effective and acceptable educational intervention for those who wish to support a person experiencing problem gambling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-022-00785-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy S Bond
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Fairlie A Cottrill
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Amy J Morgan
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kathryn J Chalmers
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Julia N Lyons
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Alyssia Rossetto
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Claire M Kelly
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Louise Kelly
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Nicola J Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Claesdotter-Knutsson E, André F, Fridh M, Delfin C, Håkansson A, Lindström M. Gender Differences and Associated Factors Influencing Problem Gambling in Adolescents in Sweden: Cross-sectional Investigation. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e35207. [PMID: 35297770 PMCID: PMC8972113 DOI: 10.2196/35207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gambling disorder is traditionally considered an adult phenomenon, the behavior usually begins in childhood or adolescence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of problem gambling among Swedish adolescents and the suspected associated factors. METHODS This study was based on data collected through a public health survey distributed in 2016 to pupils in ninth grade of primary school and in second grade of secondary school in Sweden. Bayesian binomial regression models, with weakly informative priors, were used to examine whether the frequency of the associated factors differed between those with and without problem gambling. RESULTS Approximately 11.7% (469/4002) of the boys in ninth grade of primary school and 13.9% (472/3407) of the boys in second grade of secondary school were classified as problem gamblers. For girls, the corresponding frequencies were 1.2% (48/4167) and 0.7% (27/3634), respectively. The overall response rate was 77% (9143/11,868) among ninth grade pupils and 73.4% (7949/10,832) among second grade pupils, resulting in a total of 17,092 responses. Problem gambling was associated with poor sleep and having tried smoking, alcohol, and other substances among both boys and girls in ninth grade of primary school and boys in second grade of secondary school. Problem gambling among girls in second grade of secondary school was associated with an increased prevalence of having tried smoking and other substances and an increased prevalence of poor sleep. CONCLUSIONS Using a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents, we found that problem gambling was robustly associated with a substantially increased prevalence of poor sleep and having tried smoking, alcohol, and other substances among both boys and girls in ninth grade of primary school as well as among boys in second grade of secondary school. Our study adds important information for policy makers pointing at vulnerable groups to be considered in their work to prevent problem gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Section IV, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida André
- Clinical Addiction Research Unit, Psychiatry (Lund), Section IV, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Fridh
- Social Medicine and Health Policy, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carl Delfin
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Section IV, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Håkansson
- Clinical Addiction Research Unit, Psychiatry (Lund), Section IV, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Lindström
- Social Medicine and Health Policy, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Center for Primary Health Care Research (CPF), Malmö, Sweden
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Månsson V, Molander O, Carlbring P, Rosendahl I, Berman AH. Emotion regulation-enhanced group treatment for gambling disorder: a non-randomized pilot trial. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:16. [PMID: 34991511 PMCID: PMC8734318 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the association of Gambling Disorder (GD) with poor mental health, treatment options generally lack components targeting emotional difficulties. This study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of adding strategies of emotion regulation to an eight-session weekly group treatment. METHOD This non-randomized pilot study recruited 21 treatment-seeking adults with GD, (mean age = 36.3, 19% females) from addiction care. In a mixed methods design, measures of within-group changes in self-reported symptoms of GD were complemented with thematic analysis of post-treatment interviews regarding the feasibility of the treatment. RESULTS Within-group scores on the Gambling Symptoms Assessment Scale (G-SAS) showed a 47% decrease (β: -0.1599, 95% CI: - 0.2526 to - 0.0500) from pre-treatment to 12-month follow-up, with Hedges' g = 1.07 (CI: 0.57-1.60). The number of GD-symptoms according to the Structured Clinical Interview for Gambling Disorder (SCI-GD) decreased from 7.0 (SD = 1.60) at pre-treatment to 2.1 (SD = 2.36) at 12-month follow-up. Participants completed an average of 6.3 sessions and rated the intervention high in satisfaction and acceptability. Feasibility interviews showed no noticeable negative effects or ethical issues. Furthermore, helpful components in the treatment were: increased awareness of emotional processes and strategies to deal with difficult emotions. CONCLUSIONS Adding emotion regulation strategies in the treatment of GD is feasible and acceptable and warrants further investigation in a controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT03725735 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Månsson
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 7tr, SE-113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Olof Molander
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 7tr, SE-113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Carlbring
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Rosendahl
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 7tr, SE-113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne H Berman
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 7tr, SE-113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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The Association Between Problem Gambling and Suicidal Ideations and Attempts: A Case Control Study in the General Swedish Population. J Gambl Stud 2022; 38:319-331. [PMID: 33492582 PMCID: PMC9120086 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-020-09996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The association between problem gambling and suicidal behaviours is well established in treatment seeking populations, but less explored among sub-clinical problem gamblers in the general population. The aim of this study was to examine the association between problem gambling (including moderate risk gambling) and suicidal ideations/suicide attempts, in the general Swedish population. Another aim was to compare problem gamblers with and without suicide ideation/attempts. A case-control study nested in the Swelogs cohort was used. Both ideations and attempts were about twice as frequent among the cases compared to the controls. After controlling for socio-economic status and life-time mental health problems, suicidal ideation, but not attempts, remained significantly higher among the cases compared to the controls. The largest difference between attempters and non-attempters were on payment defaults and illicit drug abuse, whereas depression yielded the largest difference between ideators and non-ideators. Problem gambling severity (PGSI 8+) resulted in the smallest difference, compared to the other variables, between attempters and non-attempters. Even though no conclusion regarding the casual relationship can be drawn in this type of study, it seems like sub-clinical levels of problem gambling might have an impact on suicidal ideations whereas for suicide attempts to occur, other factors need to be present. In addition to mental health issues, financial difficulties may be such factors.
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15
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Quilty LC, Otis E, Haefner SA, Michael Bagby R. A Multi-Method Investigation of Normative and Pathological Personality Across the Spectrum of Gambling Involvement. J Gambl Stud 2021; 38:205-223. [PMID: 33655450 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathological Gambling (PG) has been linked to both specific personality traits and personality disorders (PDs). However, previous studies have used a wide variety of research designs that preclude clear conclusions about the personality features that distinguish adults with PG from other groups. The current investigation seeks to advance this research by using a sample including adults who do not gamble, who gamble socially, and who exhibit PG, using self-report, informant-report, and interview-rated measures of personality traits and disorders. A total of 245 adults completed measures of gambling behaviour and problems, as well as normative and pathological personality over two assessment visits. A multivariate ANCOVA was conducted to investigate differences between groups. Analyses supported numerous group differences including differences between all groups on the Neuroticism facet of Impulsivity, and between non-gambling/socially gambling and PG groups on the Conscientiousness facet of Self-Discipline. Adults with PG exhibited more symptoms of Borderline, Paranoid, Schizotypal, Avoidant, and Dependent PDs than adults who gamble socially or not at all. The current investigation provides a comprehensive survey of personality across a wide range of gambling involvement, using a multi-method approach. Our findings help to clarify the most pertinent personality risk factors for PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena C Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H1, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Elijah Otis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H1, Canada
| | - Sasha A Haefner
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H1, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V6, Canada
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
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Beynon C, Pearce-Smith N, Clark R. Harms associated with gambling: abbreviated systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2020; 9:148. [PMID: 32576286 PMCID: PMC7313181 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Gambling Commission, in 2018, almost half of the general population aged 16 and over had participated in gambling in the 4 weeks before being surveyed. Such surveys suggest that the proportion of people who are classed as 'problem' gamblers is relatively small; however, this may be related to the ways data are collected and gambling behaviour is classified. Concern about the harms associated with gambling is rising, and in response, Public Health England (PHE) has initiated this review to identify the harms associated with this activity. Harms to the gambler, their close associates and the wider society will all be included. METHODS Abbreviated systematic review processes will be employed. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Psycinfo, NICE Evidence and EBSCO SocIndex; a range of websites (for grey literature); and reference lists of included studies will be searched. Experts will be asked to identify other relevant literature. Literature published in years 2005-2019, published in English, from a country within the Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) and following an observational, qualitative or systematic review design will be included. AMSTAR2 (systematic reviews), the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (observational studies) and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist (qualitative studies) will be used to assess the risk of bias. A narrative synthesis will be used to summarise the results. The body of evidence will also be assessed according to the principles laid out in the CERQual approach. DISCUSSION This protocol provides details of the framework that has been set up to guide this systematic review. The results of this review will provide an extensive assessment of the breadth and magnitude of harms associated with gambling. This will be one of the most comprehensive reviews of gambling-related harms undertaken to date. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019154757.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryl Beynon
- Public Health England, Liverpool, UK. .,Suite 3b, Cunard Building, Water Street, Liverpool, L3 1DS, UK.
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Sacco P, Frey JJ, Callahan C, Hochheimer M, Imboden R, Hyde D. Feasibility of Brief Screening for At-Risk Gambling in Consumer Credit Counseling. J Gambl Stud 2020; 35:1423-1439. [PMID: 30783865 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder and problem gambling often lead to major suffering in the form of mental health problems, interpersonal conflict, and financial crises. One potential setting for detecting at-risk gambling is credit counseling as gambling problems may manifest themselves in the form of financial distress and bankruptcy. Research studies have not considered those seeking credit counseling as individuals at risk for gambling problems even though gambling may contribute to financial distress. Therefore, the current study sought to quantify the prevalence of at-risk gambling in credit counseling compared with national estimates, to compare at-risk gamblers in this population to lower risk individuals, and to assess the feasibility of gambling screening in these settings. Using a mixed methods approach, the current study found that almost 20% of callers to a national agency reported gambling behavior, and among those who gambled, they reported higher rates of problems related to gambling than the broader U.S. population, thus supporting the idea that screening in credit counseling may help identify those at risk. Low risk gamblers were slightly younger than non-gamblers, but no other differences in sociodemographic and financial status variables were found based on gambling risk status. Results from focus groups and individual interviews suggest that credit counselors and program administrators see the benefit to brief screening within their intake and counseling processes. Our findings suggest that gambling screening is feasible in consumer credit counseling and may be acceptable to staff and administrators at these agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sacco
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Jodi Jacobson Frey
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Christine Callahan
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Martin Hochheimer
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rachel Imboden
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Devon Hyde
- Guidewell Financial Solutions, 757 Frederick Road, Catonsville, MD, 21228, USA
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18
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Religiosity and Chance Beliefs in Persons with DSM-IV Pathological Gambling Enrolled in a Longitudinal Follow-Up Study. J Gambl Stud 2019; 35:849-860. [PMID: 31115747 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the association of public, private and intrinsic religiosity and chance beliefs (superstition, illusion of control) with gambling behavior in a longitudinal follow-up study of younger and older adult subjects with DSM-IV pathological gambling (PG) and an older adult comparison group without PG. One-hundred sixty-three subjects were enrolled including 60 younger adults with PG (≥ 18/< 40 years), 53 older adults with PG (≥ 60 years), and 50 older adults without PG (≥ 60). Subjects were assessed at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. The Duke University Religion Index for Religious Assessment and the Drake Beliefs About Chance scales were administered at baseline. Follow-up was a mean (SD) of 2.6 (1.4) years. Older adults with PG scored lower on measures of public and intrinsic aspects of religiosity than older adults without PG, and scored higher on superstition and illusion of control. Older adults with PG also scored higher than younger adults with PG on private and intrinsic religiosity, but not public religiosity. Superstition predicted intrinsic, but not other aspects of religiosity. Importantly, during follow-up, higher levels of public and intrinsic religiosity were protective against problematic (levels 2, 3) gambling; were protective against chronic PG; and were predictive of PG remission status. Lower illusion of control ratings were protective against problematic gambling and chronic PG; lower superstition ratings were predictive of remission. We conclude that higher levels of public and intrinsic religiosity and lower levels of chance beliefs are associated with a more benign PG course.
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Latvala T, Lintonen T, Konu A. Public health effects of gambling - debate on a conceptual model. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1077. [PMID: 31399026 PMCID: PMC6688345 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling for money is a popular leisure time activity in most countries, which has major social and economic impacts not only affecting the gambler, but his/her significant others, and the society. Gambling impact studies can help researchers and policymakers compare the health and social costs and benefits of different gambling policies and can be used when considering which gambling policies will reduce or increase costs or benefits the most. In a public health approach, the impacts of gambling, negative and positive, are assessed across the entire severity spectrum of the activity. Although some studies have created basic principles for conducting impact studies, a theoretical model is currently lacking. The aim of this debate is to review complementing and contrasting views on the effects of gambling to create a conceptual model, where a public health perspective is applied. MAIN TEXT The effects of gambling can be structuralized using a conceptual model, where impacts are divided into negative and positive; costs and benefits. Costs and benefits are categorized into three classes: financial, labor and health, and well-being. These classes manifest in personal, interpersonal, and societal levels. Individual impacts cause effects on a personal level to gamblers themselves. External impacts influence the interpersonal and society/community levels and concern other people. The temporal level refers to the development, severity and scope of the gambling impact. These include general impacts, impacts of problem gambling and long-term impacts of gambling. CONCLUSIONS The conceptual model offers a base on which to start building common methodology for assessing the impact of gambling on the society. While measuring monetary impacts is not always straightforward, the main issue is how to measure the social impacts, which are typically ignored in calculations, as are personal and interpersonal impacts. The reviewed empirical work largely concentrated on the costs of gambling, especially costs on the community level. The Model can be used to identify areas where research is scarce. Filling the gaps in knowledge is essential in forming a balanced evidence base on the impacts of gambling. Ideally, this evidence could be the starting point in formulating public policies on gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Latvala
- Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Lintonen
- Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Konu
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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Ronzitti S, Kraus SW, Decker SE, Ashrafioun L. Clinical characteristics of veterans with gambling disorders seeking pain treatment. Addict Behav 2019; 95:160-165. [PMID: 30925440 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationships between gambling disorder, pain, and suicide attempts among US military veterans using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) pain-related services. METHODS Retrospective cohort analysis of 221,817 veterans using pain services was included in the analysis. First, differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (i.e., psychiatric comorbidities and pain-related variables) were analyzed according to gambling disorder. Second, we performed logistic regression analyses to assess the association between gambling disorder and suicide attempts. RESULTS Female sex, depressive, alcohol, drug and tobacco use disorders are positively associated with gambling disorders, while severe pain score is negatively associated with gambling disorders. Logistic regression analysis showed that gambling disorder diagnosis was associated suicide attempt in veterans who received a visit for pain in VHA in the past year. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that gambling disorder in female veterans and suicide attempts in veterans with gambling disorder should not be underestimated and warrants further consideration. Moreover, the result that veterans with severe pain may be less likely to have a diagnosis of gambling disorder needs to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ronzitti
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Shane W Kraus
- VISN 1 New England MIRECC, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, 200 Spring Road, Building 5, Room 135B, Bedford, MA 01730, United States; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Division of Addiction Psychiatry, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Suzanne E Decker
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lisham Ashrafioun
- VA VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, 400 Fort Hill Avenue, Canandaigua, NY 14424, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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21
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Derevensky JL, McDuff D, Reardon CL, Hainline B, Hitchcock ME, Richard J. Problem gambling and associated mental health concerns in elite athletes: a narrative review. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:761-766. [PMID: 31151953 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Opportunities to participate in gambling have dramatically changed during the past 20 years. Casinos have proliferated as have electronic gambling machines, lotteries, sports betting, and most recently online gambling. Gambling among the general population has moved from being perceived negatively to a socially acceptable pastime. As over 80% of individuals have reported gambling for money during their lifetime, governments recognise that regulating gambling-a multibillion dollar industry-is a significant source of revenue. While the vast majority of individuals engaged in some form of gambling have no or few gambling-related problems, an identifiable proportion of both adolescents and adults experience significant gambling-related problems. Elite athletes have not been immune to the lure of gambling nor its concomitant problems. Prevalence studies suggest higher rates of gambling problems among athletes than the general population. In this narrative review, we examine several risk factors associated with gambling problems among elite athletes and new forms of gambling that may be problematic for this population. Given the potential serious mental health and performance consequences associated with a gambling disorder for athletes, we aim to increase coaches', athletic directors' and health professionals' knowledge concerning the importance of screening and treatment referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David McDuff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia L Reardon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian Hainline
- National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mary E Hitchcock
- Ebling Library for the Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeremie Richard
- Educational and Counseling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
A modern regulatory framework for gambling in Ireland is urgently required. The Gambling Control Bill of 2013 represents a decent starting point in developing player protection and much needed treatment services and research facilities for Gambling Disorder. The drafting and enactment of the Gambling Control Bill of 2013 appears to have slipped from legislative priority. The sooner this bill is enacted the better.
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Mallorquí-Bagué N, Mena-Moreno T, Granero R, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Sánchez-González J, Fernández-Aranda F, Pino-Gutiérrez AD, Mestre-Bach G, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Suicidal ideation and history of suicide attempts in treatment-seeking patients with gambling disorder: The role of emotion dysregulation and high trait impulsivity. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:1112-1121. [PMID: 30580545 PMCID: PMC6376371 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gambling disorder (GD) presents high rates of suicidality. The combined influences of emotion dysregulation and trait impulsivity are crucially important (albeit understudied) for developing strategies to treat GD and prevent suicide attempts. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between trait impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, and the dispositional use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies with suicidal ideation and psychopathological symptom severity in GD. METHODS The sample composed of 249 patients with GD (166 with suicidal ideation) who underwent face-to-face clinical interviews and completed questionnaires to assess psychopathological symptoms, impulsive traits, and ER. RESULTS Patients with GD who presented suicidal ideation were older and had a later age of GD onset and higher GD severity. Analyses of variance showed higher comorbid symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and trait impulsivity in patients with suicidal ideation. Still, no significant differences were found in the use of ER strategies. SEM analysis revealed that a worse psychopathological state directly predicted suicidal ideation and that both emotion dysregulation and GD severity indirectly increased the risk of suicidal ideation through this state. High trait impulsivity predicted GD severity. Finally, a history of suicide attempts was directly predicted by suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Patients with GD are at risk of presenting suicidal behaviors. The results of this study revealed the importance of comorbid psychopathology in the occurrence of suicidal ideation and the indirect effect of trait impulsivity and emotion dysregulation on suicidality. Thus, suicidal rates in GD could possibly be reduced by specifically targeting these domains during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Mena-Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERsam), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Carr MM, Ellis JD, Ledgerwood DM. Suicidality among gambling helpline callers: A consideration of the role of financial stress and conflict. Am J Addict 2018; 27:531-537. [PMID: 30113105 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High rates of suicidal ideation and attempts secondary to gambling are well established among those with gambling disorders. The present study explores potential risk factors for suicidal ideation and/attempt among a sample of help-line callers. METHODS Participants (N = 202) completed measures assessing demographics; gambling behavior; and financial, family/social, employment, substance use, and legal difficulties related to gambling. Bivariate analyses, logistic regression, and mediation analyses were used to explore relationship between predictors and risk of suicidal ideation and attempt. RESULTS Female gender, gambling severity (including engagement in illegal behaviors), a history of mental health problems, financial problems, and conflict related to gambling were associated with current suicidality in this sample. Mediation analyses revealed that financial problems were associated with increased familial conflict, which was in turn associated with increased suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Family and social conflict may be one important way in which financial problems confer risk for suicidality among problem gamblers. These results align with findings from the substance use disorder (SUD) literature and highlight one potential factor that may merit further assessment and/or intervention. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Researchers and clinicians may want to consider the overall level of conflict a patient is experiencing when assessing suicide risk among individuals with gambling problems. Professionals may also want to consider the suitability of interventions to address conflict within the context of gambling treatment. (Am J Addict 2018;27:531-537).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan M Carr
- Psychiatry Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Psychology Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan
| | - Jennifer D Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - David M Ledgerwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Ronzitti S, Kraus SW, Hoff RA, Clerici M, Potenza MN. Problem-gambling severity, suicidality and DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders. Addict Behav 2018. [PMID: 29529554 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the strong associations between personality disorders and problem/pathological gambling, few studies have investigated the relationships between personality disorders, problem-gambling severity and suicidal thoughts/behaviors. OBJECTIVES We examined the relationships between problem-gambling severity and personality disorders among individuals with differing levels of suicidality (none, thoughts alone, attempts). METHODS We analyzed data from 13,543 participants of the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) study. First, differences in sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of personality disorders were analyzed according to problem-gambling severity and suicidality status. Second, we performed a logistic regression to assess among the relationship between problem-gambling severity and DSM-IV Axis II psychopathology according to suicidality level. RESULTS At-risk or problem/pathological gambling groups showed higher rates of a wide range of personality disorders compared to non-gamblers. Logistic regression showed that at-risk pathological gamblers had a higher odds ratio for any personality disorder in the group with no history of suicidality, particularly for cluster-B personality disorders. Odds ratio interaction analysis identified the relationship between problem-gambling severity and personality disorders, particularly those in cluster B, differ according to suicidality status. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a complex relationship between suicidality, problem-gambling severity and personality disorders. The stronger relationship between problem-gambling severity and personality disorders in people with no suicidality as compared to some suicidality suggests that some of the relationship between greater problem-gambling severity and Axis II psychopathology is accounted for by increased suicidality. The findings have implications for clinical interventions targeting suicidality in individuals with gambling disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ronzitti
- Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - Shane W Kraus
- VISN 1 New England MIRECC, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, 200 Spring Road, Building 5, Room 135B, Bedford, MA 01730, USA.
| | - Rani A Hoff
- Northeast Program Evaluation Center, Evaluation Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Mental Health, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Child Study Center, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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27
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Current suicidal ideation in treatment-seeking individuals in the United Kingdom with gambling problems. Addict Behav 2017; 74:33-40. [PMID: 28570912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show higher lifetime prevalence of suicidality in individuals with pathological gambling. However, less is known about the relationship between pathological gambling and current suicidal ideation. OBJECTIVES We investigated socio-demographic, clinical and gambling-related variables associated with suicidality in treatment-seeking individuals. METHODS Bivariate analyses and logistic regression models were generated on data from 903 individuals to identify measures associated with aspects of suicidality. RESULTS Forty-six percent of patients reported current suicidal ideation. People with current suicidal thoughts were more likely to report greater problem-gambling severity (p<0.001), depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001) compared to those without suicidality. Logistic regression models suggested that past suicidal ideation (p<0.001) and higher anxiety (p<0.05) may be predictive factors of current suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the severity of anxiety disorder, along with a lifetime history of suicidal ideation, may help to identify treatment-seeking individuals with pathological gambling with a higher risk of suicidality, highlighting the importance of assessing suicidal ideation in clinical settings.
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Sagoe D, Pallesen S, Hanss D, Leino T, Molde H, Mentzoni RA, Torsheim T. The Relationships between Mental Health Symptoms and Gambling Behavior in the Transition from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood. Front Psychol 2017; 8:478. [PMID: 28408894 PMCID: PMC5374148 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of longitudinal investigations of gambling behavior in the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. We conducted a longitudinal investigation of the associations and patterns of change between mental health symptoms and gambling behavior. A representative sample of Norwegians completed questionnaires containing demographic, mental health, and gambling measures at age 17 (N = 2055), and at ages 18 (N = 1334) and 19 (N = 1277). Using latent class analysis, three classes of gambling behavior were identified: consistent non-gambling (71.1%), consistent non-risk gambling (23.8%), and risky-and-problem gambling (5.1%). Being male, showing higher physical and verbal aggression and having more symptoms of depression were associated with greater odds of belonging to the risky-and-problem gambling class at age 17. Overall, the risky-and-problem gambling class had the highest physical and verbal aggression, anxiety, and depression at 19 years. Our findings elucidate the reciprocal relationship between mental health and gambling behavior in the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood, and the importance of recognizing these factors in designing targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Sagoe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of BergenBergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of BergenBergen, Norway
| | - Daniel Hanss
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of BergenBergen, Norway.,Department of Social and Cultural Sciences and Social Work, Darmstadt University of Applied SciencesDarmstadt, Germany
| | - Tony Leino
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of BergenBergen, Norway
| | - Helge Molde
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of BergenBergen, Norway
| | - Rune A Mentzoni
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of BergenBergen, Norway.,KoRus-Øst, Innlandet Hospital TrustOttestad, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Torsheim
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of BergenBergen, Norway
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29
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Posters From AAAM's 60th Annual Scientific Conference. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2016; 17 Suppl 1:219-224. [PMID: 27586121 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1217024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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30
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Lloyd J, Hawton K, Dutton WH, Geddes JR, Goodwin GM, Rogers RD. Thoughts and acts of self-harm, and suicidal ideation, in online gamblers. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1214166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Kim HS, Salmon M, Wohl MJA, Young M. A dangerous cocktail: Alcohol consumption increases suicidal ideations among problem gamblers in the general population. Addict Behav 2016; 55:50-5. [PMID: 26790140 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current research examined whether alcohol consumption exacerbates suicidal ideations among gamblers in the general population. While prior research suggests problem gambling severity and excessive alcohol consumption are unique predictors of suicidal behaviors, the extant literature as almost exclusively focused on gamblers in treatment. This represents a significant gap in the literature as less than 10% of gamblers seek treatment. Furthermore, gamblers in treatment are not representative of gamblers in the general population, precluding a simple generalization of research findings. We address this gap using data obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 4.1)--a cross-sectional national survey that assesses health-related information among the Canadian population. To this end, we conducted a moderation analysis with problem gambling severity as the independent variable, weekly alcohol consumption as the moderator variable and suicidal ideations (in the past 12 months) as the dependent variable. The results found that alcohol consumption alone did not reliably predict suicidal ideation among gamblers who did not gamble problematically. However, as predicted, the odds of suicidal ideation were greatest among problem gamblers who frequently consumed alcohol. Thus, it may behoove policy makers to re-visit the availability of alcohol in gambling venues. Moreover, responsible gambling-oriented education initiatives may be advanced by informing gamblers about the increased risk of suicidal ideations when problematic gambling is combined with frequent alcohol consumption.
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32
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Bond KS, Jorm AF, Miller HE, Rodda SN, Reavley NJ, Kelly CM, Kitchener BA. How a concerned family member, friend or member of the public can help someone with gambling problems: a Delphi consensus study. BMC Psychol 2016; 4:6. [PMID: 26842544 PMCID: PMC4739356 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gambling is an enjoyable recreational pursuit for many people. However, for some it can lead to significant harms. The Delphi expert consensus method was used to develop guidelines for how a concerned family member, friend or member of the public can recognise the signs of gambling problems and support a person to change their gambling. Methods A systematic review of websites, books and journal articles was conducted to develop a questionnaire containing items about the knowledge, skills and actions needed for supporting a person with gambling problems. These items were rated over three rounds by two international expert panels comprising people with a lived experience of gambling problems and professionals who treat people with gambling problems or research gambling problems. Results A total of 66 experts (34 with lived experience and 32 professionals) rated 412 helping statements according to whether they thought the statements should be included in these guidelines. There were 234 helping statements that were endorsed by at least 80 % of members of both of the expert panels. These endorsed statements were used to develop the guidelines. Conclusion Two groups of experts were able to reach substantial consensus on how someone can recognise the signs of gambling problems and support a person to change. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0110-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy S Bond
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 6/369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 4/207 Bouverie Sreet, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Helen E Miller
- Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, Level 6, 14-20 Blackwood Street, North Melbourne, VIC, 3051, Australia.
| | - Simone N Rodda
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, 54-62 Gertrude Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, AUT University, 90 Akoranga Drive, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Nicola J Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 4/207 Bouverie Sreet, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Claire M Kelly
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 6/369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Betty A Kitchener
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 6/369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
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