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Shen X, Yang T, Du Y, Hao N, Cao J, Wu T, Wang C. Research on the function of CsMYB36 based on an effective hair root transformation system. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2345983. [PMID: 38686613 PMCID: PMC11062371 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2345983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The hairy root induction system was used to efficiently investigate gene expression and function in plant root. Cucumber is a significant vegetable crop worldwide, with shallow roots, few lateral roots, and weak root systems, resulting in low nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. Identifying essential genes related to root development and nutrient absorption is an effective way to improve the growth and development of cucumbers. However, genetic mechanisms underlying cucumber root development have not been explored. Here, we report a novel, rapid, effective hairy root transformation system. Compared to the in vitro cotyledon transformation method, this method shortened the time needed to obtain transgenic roots by 13 days. Furthermore, we combined this root transformation method with CRISPR/Cas9 technology and validated our system by exploring the expression and function of CsMYB36, a pivotal gene associated with root development and nutrient uptake. The hairy root transformation system established in this study provides a powerful method for rapidly identifying essential genes related to root development in cucumber and other horticultural crop species. This advancement holds promise for expediting research on root biology and molecular breeding strategies, contributing to the broader understanding and improvements crop growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shen
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
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2
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Wybouw B, Zhang X, Mähönen AP. Vascular cambium stem cells: past, present and future. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:851-865. [PMID: 38890801 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Secondary xylem and phloem originate from a lateral meristem called the vascular cambium that consists of one to several layers of meristematic cells. Recent lineage tracing studies have shown that only one of the cambial cells in each radial cell file functions as the stem cell, capable of producing both secondary xylem and phloem. Here, we first review how phytohormones and signalling peptides regulate vascular cambium formation and activity. We then propose how the stem cell concept, familiar from apical meristems, could be applied to cambium studies. Finally, we discuss how this concept could set the basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Wybouw
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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3
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Piccinini L, Nirina Ramamonjy F, Ursache R. Imaging plant cell walls using fluorescent stains: The beauty is in the details. J Microsc 2024; 295:102-120. [PMID: 38477035 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants continuously face various environmental stressors throughout their lifetime. To be able to grow and adapt in different environments, they developed specialized tissues that allowed them to maintain a protected yet interconnected body. These tissues undergo specific primary and secondary cell wall modifications that are essential to ensure normal plant growth, adaptation and successful land colonization. The composition of cell walls can vary among different plant species, organs and tissues. The ability to remodel their cell walls is fundamental for plants to be able to cope with multiple biotic and abiotic stressors. A better understanding of the changes taking place in plant cell walls may help identify and develop new strategies as well as tools to enhance plants' survival under environmental stresses or prevent pathogen attack. Since the invention of microscopy, numerous imaging techniques have been developed to determine the composition and dynamics of plant cell walls during normal growth and in response to environmental stimuli. In this review, we discuss the main advances in imaging plant cell walls, with a particular focus on fluorescent stains for different cell wall components and their compatibility with tissue clearing techniques. Lay Description: Plants are continuously subjected to various environmental stresses during their lifespan. They evolved specialized tissues that thrive in different environments, enabling them to maintain a protected yet interconnected body. Such tissues undergo distinct primary and secondary cell wall alterations essential to normal plant growth, their adaptability and successful land colonization. Cell wall composition may differ among various plant species, organs and even tissues. To deal with various biotic and abiotic stresses, plants must have the capacity to remodel their cell walls. Gaining insight into changes that take place in plant cell walls will help identify and create novel tools and strategies to improve plants' ability to withstand environmental challenges. Multiple imaging techniques have been developed since the introduction of microscopy to analyse the composition and dynamics of plant cell walls during growth and in response to environmental changes. Advancements in plant tissue cleaning procedures and their compatibility with cell wall stains have significantly enhanced our ability to perform high-resolution cell wall imaging. At the same time, several factors influence the effectiveness of cleaning and staining plant specimens, as well as the time necessary for the process, including the specimen's size, thickness, tissue complexity and the presence of autofluorescence. In this review, we will discuss the major advances in imaging plant cell walls, with a particular emphasis on fluorescent stains for diverse cell wall components and their compatibility with tissue clearing techniques. We hope that this review will assist readers in selecting the most appropriate stain or combination of stains to highlight specific cell wall components of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piccinini
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabien Nirina Ramamonjy
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robertas Ursache
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Kim M, Hyeon DY, Kim K, Hwang D, Lee Y. Phytohormonal regulation determines the organization pattern of shoot aerenchyma in greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2694-2711. [PMID: 38527800 PMCID: PMC11288743 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Airspace or aerenchyma is crucial for plant development and acclimation to stresses such as hypoxia, drought, and nutritional deficiency. Although ethylene-mediated signaling cascades are known to regulate aerenchyma formation in stems and roots under hypoxic conditions, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, the cellular dynamics underlying airspace formation in shoots are poorly understood. We investigated the stage-dependent structural dynamics of shoot aerenchyma in greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), a fast-growing aquatic herb with well-developed aerenchyma in its floating fronds. Using X-ray micro-computed tomography and histological analysis, we showed that the spatial framework of aerenchyma is established before frond volume increases, driven by cell division and expansion. The substomatal cavity connecting aerenchyma to stomata formed via programmed cell death (PCD) and was closely associated with guard cell development. Additionally, transcriptome analysis and pharmacological studies revealed that the organization of aerenchyma in greater duckweed is determined by the interplay between PCD and proliferation. This balance is governed by spatiotemporal regulation of phytohormone signaling involving ethylene, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid. Overall, our study reveals the structural dynamics and phytohormonal regulation underlying aerenchyma development in duckweed, improving our understanding of how plants establish distinct architectural arrangements. These insights hold the potential for wide-ranging application, not only in comprehending aerenchyma formation across various plant species but also in understanding how airspaces are formed within the leaves of terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungyoon Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bioinformatics Institute, Bio-MAX, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuree Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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5
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Yun J, Lee I, Lee JH, Kim S, Jung SH, Oh SA, Lee J, Park SK, Soh MS, Lee Y, Kwak JM. The single RRM domain-containing protein SARP1 is required for establishment of the separation zone in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39061105 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Abscission is the shedding of plant organs in response to developmental and environmental cues. Abscission involves cell separation between two neighboring cell types, residuum cells (RECs) and secession cells (SECs) in the floral abscission zone (AZ) in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind the spatial determination that governs cell separation are largely unknown. The class I KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factor BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP) negatively regulates AZ cell size and number in Arabidopsis. To identify new players participating in abscission, we performed a genetic screen by activation tagging a weak complementation line of bp-3. We identified the mutant ebp1 (enhancer of BP1) displaying delayed floral organ abscission. The ebp1 mutant showed a concaved surface in SECs and abnormally stacked cells on the top of RECs, in contrast to the precisely separated surface in the wild-type. Molecular and histological analyses revealed that the transcriptional programming during cell differentiation in the AZ is compromised in ebp1. The SECs of ebp1 have acquired REC-like properties, including cuticle formation and superoxide production. We show that SEPARATION AFFECTING RNA-BINDING PROTEIN1 (SARP1) is upregulated in ebp1 and plays a role in the establishment of the cell separation layer during floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yun
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Inhye Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Bioengineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seonghwan Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Jung
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Sung Aeong Oh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Soh
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Bioengineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Yuree Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - June M Kwak
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
- Center for Cell Fate Control and Reprogramming, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
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6
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Ohta D, Fuwa A, Yamaroku Y, Isobe K, Nakamoto M, Okazawa A, Ogawa T, Ebine K, Ueda T, Mercier P, Schaller H. Characterization of Subcellular Dynamics of Sterol Methyltransferases Clarifies Defective Cell Division in smt2 smt3, a C-24 Ethyl Sterol-Deficient Mutant of Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:868. [PMID: 39062582 PMCID: PMC11275053 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An Arabidopsis sterol mutant, smt2 smt3, defective in sterolmethyltransferase2 (SMT2), exhibits severe growth abnormalities. The loss of C-24 ethyl sterols, maintaining the biosynthesis of C-24 methyl sterols and brassinosteroids, suggests specific roles of C-24 ethyl sterols. We characterized the subcellular localizations of fluorescent protein-fused sterol biosynthetic enzymes, such as SMT2-GFP, and found these enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum during interphase and identified their movement to the division plane during cytokinesis. The mobilization of endoplasmic reticulum-localized SMT2-GFP was independent of the polarized transport of cytokinetic vesicles to the division plane. In smt2 smt3, SMT2-GFP moved to the abnormal division plane, and unclear cell plate ends were surrounded by hazy structures from SMT2-GFP fluorescent signals and unincorporated cellulose debris. Unusual cortical microtubule organization and impaired cytoskeletal function accompanied the failure to determine the cortical division site and division plane formation. These results indicated that both endoplasmic reticulum membrane remodeling and cytokinetic vesicle transport during cytokinesis were impaired, resulting in the defects of cell wall generation. The cell wall integrity was compromised in the daughter cells, preventing the correct determination of the subsequent cell division site. We discuss the possible roles of C-24 ethyl sterols in the interaction between the cytoskeletal network and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fuwa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamaroku
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuki Isobe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ebine
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; (K.E.); (T.U.)
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; (K.E.); (T.U.)
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Pierre Mercier
- Institute de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 12, Rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (P.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institute de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 12, Rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (P.M.); (H.S.)
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7
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Emonet A, Pérez-Antón M, Neumann U, Dunemann S, Huettel B, Koller R, Hay A. Amphicarpic development in Cardamine chenopodiifolia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39030843 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Amphicarpy is an unusual trait where two fruit types develop on the same plant: one above and the other belowground. This trait is not found in conventional model species. Therefore, its development and molecular genetics remain under-studied. Here, we establish the allooctoploid Cardamine chenopodiifolia as an emerging experimental system to study amphicarpy. We characterized C. chenopodiifolia development, focusing on differences in morphology and cell wall histochemistry between above- and belowground fruit. We generated a reference transcriptome with PacBio full-length transcript sequencing and analysed differential gene expression between above- and belowground fruit valves. Cardamine chenopodiifolia has two contrasting modes of seed dispersal. The main shoot fails to bolt and initiates floral primordia that grow underground where they self-pollinate and set seed. By contrast, axillary shoots bolt and develop exploding seed pods aboveground. Morphological differences between aerial explosive fruit and subterranean nonexplosive fruit were reflected in a large number of differentially regulated genes involved in photosynthesis, secondary cell wall formation and defence responses. Tools established in C. chenopodiifolia, such as a reference transcriptome, draft genome assembly and stable plant transformation, pave the way to study amphicarpy and trait evolution via allopolyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Emonet
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
| | - Miguel Pérez-Antón
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
| | - Sonja Dunemann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
| | - Bruno Huettel
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Wilhelm-Johnen-Street, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Angela Hay
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
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8
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Vijayan A, Mody TA, Yu Q, Wolny A, Cerrone L, Strauss S, Tsiantis M, Smith RS, Hamprecht FA, Kreshuk A, Schneitz K. A deep learning-based toolkit for 3D nuclei segmentation and quantitative analysis in cellular and tissue context. Development 2024; 151:dev202800. [PMID: 39036998 PMCID: PMC11273294 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
We present a new set of computational tools that enable accurate and widely applicable 3D segmentation of nuclei in various 3D digital organs. We have developed an approach for ground truth generation and iterative training of 3D nuclear segmentation models, which we applied to popular CellPose, PlantSeg and StarDist algorithms. We provide two high-quality models trained on plant nuclei that enable 3D segmentation of nuclei in datasets obtained from fixed or live samples, acquired from different plant and animal tissues, and stained with various nuclear stains or fluorescent protein-based nuclear reporters. We also share a diverse high-quality training dataset of about 10,000 nuclei. Furthermore, we advanced the MorphoGraphX analysis and visualization software by, among other things, providing a method for linking 3D segmented nuclei to their surrounding cells in 3D digital organs. We found that the nuclear-to-cell volume ratio varies between different ovule tissues and during the development of a tissue. Finally, we extended the PlantSeg 3D segmentation pipeline with a proofreading tool that uses 3D segmented nuclei as seeds to correct cell segmentation errors in difficult-to-segment tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athul Vijayan
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Tejasvinee Atul Mody
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Qin Yu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Adrian Wolny
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cerrone
- Interdsisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Soeren Strauss
- Department of Comparative Developmental and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Miltos Tsiantis
- Department of Comparative Developmental and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Richard S. Smith
- Department of Comparative Developmental and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
- Computational and Systems Biology, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Fred A. Hamprecht
- Interdsisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anna Kreshuk
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Kay Schneitz
- Plant Developmental Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
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9
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Moore S, Jervis G, Topping JF, Chen C, Liu J, Lindsey K. A predictive model for ethylene-mediated auxin and cytokinin patterning in the Arabidopsis root. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100886. [PMID: 38504522 PMCID: PMC11287175 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between auxin and cytokinin is important in many aspects of plant development. Experimental measurements of both auxin and cytokinin concentration and reporter gene expression clearly show the coexistence of auxin and cytokinin concentration patterning in Arabidopsis root development. However, in the context of crosstalk among auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene, little is known about how auxin and cytokinin concentration patterns simultaneously emerge and how they regulate each other in the Arabidopsis root. This work utilizes a wide range of experimental observations to propose a mechanism for simultaneous patterning of auxin and cytokinin concentrations. In addition to revealing the regulatory relationships between auxin and cytokinin, this mechanism shows that ethylene signaling is an important factor in achieving simultaneous auxin and cytokinin patterning, while also predicting other experimental observations. Combining the mechanism with a realistic in silico root model reproduces experimental observations of both auxin and cytokinin patterning. Predictions made by the mechanism can be compared with a variety of experimental observations, including those obtained by our group and other independent experiments reported by other groups. Examples of these predictions include patterning of auxin biosynthesis rate, changes in PIN1 and PIN2 patterns in pin3,4,7 mutants, changes in cytokinin patterning in the pls mutant, PLS patterning, and various trends in different mutants. This research reveals a plausible mechanism for simultaneous patterning of auxin and cytokinin concentrations in Arabidopsis root development and suggests a key role for ethylene pattern integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Moore
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - George Jervis
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jennifer F Topping
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Chunli Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Junli Liu
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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10
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Tileuberdi N, Katragunta K, Adams SJ, Aldana-Mejía JA, Omarbekova A, Avula B, Khan IA, Turgumbayeva A, Ross SA. Comprehensive Quality Assessment of Brassica napus L. Seeds via HPTLC, LC-QToF, and Anatomical Investigation. Molecules 2024; 29:2965. [PMID: 38998918 PMCID: PMC11243287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29132965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Brassicaceae family, commonly referred to as cruciferous plants, is globally cultivated and consumed, with the Brassica genus being particularly renowned for its functional components. These vegetables are rich sources of nutrients and health-promoting phytochemicals, garnering increased attention in recent years. This study presents a comprehensive microscopic, chromatographic, and spectroscopic characterization of Brassica napus L. seeds from Kazakhstan aimed at elucidating their morphological features and chemical composition. Microscopic analysis revealed distinct localization of flavonoids, total lipids, and alkaloids. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of seed extracts demonstrated a complex chemical profile with significant quantities of non-polar compounds in the hexane extracts. Additionally, methanolic extracts revealed the presence of diverse chemical compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and glucosinolates. The chemical composition exhibited varietal differences across different Brassica species, with B. napus L. seeds showing higher concentrations of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis provided insights into the chemical composition, with sinapine isomers, feruloyl, and sinapoyl choline derivatives as major compounds in the seeds. This study contributes to a better understanding of the chemical diversity and quality control methods' approximations of B. napus L. seeds, highlighting their importance in functional food and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazym Tileuberdi
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.T.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (K.K.); (S.J.A.); (J.A.A.-M.); (B.A.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (K.K.); (S.J.A.); (J.A.A.-M.); (B.A.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Sebastian John Adams
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (K.K.); (S.J.A.); (J.A.A.-M.); (B.A.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Jennyfer A. Aldana-Mejía
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (K.K.); (S.J.A.); (J.A.A.-M.); (B.A.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Ardak Omarbekova
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (K.K.); (S.J.A.); (J.A.A.-M.); (B.A.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (K.K.); (S.J.A.); (J.A.A.-M.); (B.A.); (I.A.K.)
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Aknur Turgumbayeva
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Samir A. Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (K.K.); (S.J.A.); (J.A.A.-M.); (B.A.); (I.A.K.)
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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11
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Xue JS, Feng YF, Zhang MQ, Xu QL, Xu YM, Shi JQ, Liu LF, Wu XF, Wang S, Yang ZN. The regulatory mechanism of rapid lignification for timely anther dehiscence. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38888227 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Anther dehiscence is a crucial event in plant reproduction, tightly regulated and dependent on the lignification of the anther endothecium. In this study, we investigated the rapid lignification process that ensures timely anther dehiscence in Arabidopsis. Our findings reveal that endothecium lignification can be divided into two distinct phases. During Phase I, lignin precursors are synthesized without polymerization, while Phase II involves simultaneous synthesis of lignin precursors and polymerization. The transcription factors MYB26, NST1/2, and ARF17 specifically regulate the pathway responsible for the synthesis and polymerization of lignin monomers in Phase II. MYB26-NST1/2 is the key regulatory pathway responsible for endothecium lignification, while ARF17 facilitates this process by interacting with MYB26. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that the lignification of the endothecium, which occurs within approximately 26 h, is much faster than that of the vascular tissue. These findings provide valuable insights into the regulation mechanism of rapid lignification in the endothecium, which enables timely anther dehiscence and successful pollen release during plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shi Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yi-Feng Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming-Qi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Qin-Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Ya-Min Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jun-Qin Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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12
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Wu Q, Li Y, Chen M, Kong X. Companion cell mediates wound-stimulated leaf-to-leaf electrical signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400639121. [PMID: 38838018 PMCID: PMC11181143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400639121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf wounding triggers rapid long-range electrical signaling that initiates systemic defense responses to protect the plants from further attack. In Arabidopsis, this process largely depends on clade three GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) genes GLR3.3 and GLR3.6. In the cellular context, phloem sieve elements and xylem contact cells where GLRs were mostly present are implicated in the signaling events. In spite of that, the spatial requirements of different leaf cell types for leaf-to-leaf signaling remain poorly investigated. In this study, we dissected cell-type-specific long-distance wound signaling mediated by GLR3s and showed that phloem companion cells are critical in shaping the functions of GLR3.3 and GLR3.6 in the signaling pathway. GLR3.3-mediated response is phloem-specific, during which, GLR3.3 has to be renewed from companion cells to allow its function in sieve elements. GLR3.6 functions dually in ectopic phloem companion cells, in addition to xylem contact cells. Furthermore, the action of GLR3.6 in phloem is independent of its paralog GLR3.3 and probably requires synthesis of GLR3.6 from xylem contact cells. Overall, our work highlights that the phloem companion cell is crucial for both GLRs in controlling leaf-to-leaf electrical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518120, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohang Kong
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518120, China
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13
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Blaschek L, Serk H, Pesquet E. Functional Complexity on a Cellular Scale: Why In Situ Analyses Are Indispensable for Our Understanding of Lignified Tissues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38832924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Lignins are a key adaptation that enables vascular plants to thrive in terrestrial habitats. Lignin is heterogeneous, containing upward of 30 different monomers, and its function is multifarious: It provides structural support, predetermined breaking points, ultraviolet protection, diffusion barriers, pathogen resistance, and drought resilience. Recent studies, carefully characterizing lignin in situ, have started to identify specific lignin compositions and ultrastructures with distinct cellular functions, but our understanding remains fractional. We summarize recent works and highlight where further in situ lignin analysis could provide valuable insights into plant growth and adaptation. We also summarize strengths and weaknesses of lignin in situ analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Blaschek
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Xue B, Duan W, Gong L, Zhu D, Li X, Li X, Liang YK. The OsDIR55 gene increases salt tolerance by altering the root diffusion barrier. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1550-1568. [PMID: 38412303 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The increased soil salinity is becoming a major challenge to produce more crops and feed the growing population of the world. In this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of OsDIR55 gene enhances rice salt tolerance by altering the root diffusion barrier. OsDIR55 is broadly expressed in all examined tissues and organs with the maximum expression levels at lignified regions in rice roots. Salt stress upregulates the expression of OsDIR55 gene in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner. Loss-function and overexpression of OsDIR55 compromised and improved the development of CS and root diffusion barrier, manifested with the decreased and increased width of CS, respectively, and ultimately affected the permeability of the apoplastic diffusion barrier in roots. OsDIR55 deficiency resulted in Na+ accumulation, ionic imbalance, and growth arrest, whereas overexpression of OsDIR55 enhances salinity tolerance and provides an overall benefit to plant growth and yield potential. Collectively, we propose that OsDIR55 is crucial for ions balance control and salt stress tolerance through regulating lignification-mediated root barrier modifications in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Luping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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15
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Shen D, Wippel K, Remmel S, Zhang Y, Kuertoes N, Neumann U, Kopriva S, Andersen TG. The Arabidopsis SGN3/GSO1 receptor kinase integrates soil nitrogen status into shoot development. EMBO J 2024; 43:2486-2505. [PMID: 38698215 PMCID: PMC11183077 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Casparian strip is a barrier in the endodermal cell walls of plants that allows the selective uptake of nutrients and water. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, its development and establishment are under the control of a receptor-ligand mechanism termed the Schengen pathway. This pathway facilitates barrier formation and activates downstream compensatory responses in case of dysfunction. However, due to a very tight functional association with the Casparian strip, other potential signaling functions of the Schengen pathway remain obscure. In this work, we created a MYB36-dependent synthetic positive feedback loop that drives Casparian strip formation independently of Schengen-induced signaling. We evaluated this by subjecting plants in which the Schengen pathway has been uncoupled from barrier formation, as well as a number of established barrier-mutant plants, to agar-based and soil conditions that mimic agricultural settings. Under the latter conditions, the Schengen pathway is necessary for the establishment of nitrogen-deficiency responses in shoots. These data highlight Schengen signaling as an essential hub for the adaptive integration of signaling from the rhizosphere to aboveground tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Shen
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wippel
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Remmel
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Noah Kuertoes
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tonni Grube Andersen
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany.
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16
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Ceccanti C, Davini A, Lo Piccolo E, Lauria G, Rossi V, Ruffini Castiglione M, Spanò C, Bottega S, Guidi L, Landi M. Polyethylene microplastics alter root functionality and affect strawberry plant physiology and fruit quality traits. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134164. [PMID: 38583200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Strawberry, a globally popular crop whose fruit are known for their taste and health benefits, were used to evaluate the effects of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) on plant physiology and fruit quality. Plants were grown in 2-L pots with natural soil mixed with PE-MPs at two concentrations (0.2% and 0.02%; w/w) and sizes (⌀ 35 and 125 µm). Plant physiological responses, root histochemical and anatomical analyses as well as fruit biometric and quality features were conducted. Plants subjected to ⌀ 35 µm/0.2% PE-MPs exhibited the most severe effects in terms of CO2 assimilation due to stomatal limitations, along with the highest level of oxidative stress in roots. Though no differences were observed in plant biomass, the impact on fruit quality traits was severe in ⌀ 35 µm/0.2% MPs treatment resulting in a drop in fruit weight (-42%), soluble solid (-10%) and anthocyanin contents (-25%). The smallest sized PE-MPs, adsorbed on the root surface, impaired plant water status by damaging the radical apparatus, which finally resulted in alteration of plant physiology and fruit quality. Further research is required to determine if these alterations also occur with other MPs and to understand more deeply the MPs influence on fruit physio-chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ceccanti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Davini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Lo Piccolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - G Lauria
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Rossi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ruffini Castiglione
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Luca Ghini, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Spanò
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Luca Ghini, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bottega
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Luca Ghini, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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17
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El Arbi N, Schürholz AK, Handl MU, Schiffner A, Hidalgo Prados I, Schnurbusch L, Wenzl C, Zhao X, Zeng J, Lohmann JU, Wolf S. ARGONAUTE10 controls cell fate specification and formative cell divisions in the Arabidopsis root. EMBO J 2024; 43:1822-1842. [PMID: 38565947 PMCID: PMC11066080 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A key question in plant biology is how oriented cell divisions are integrated with patterning mechanisms to generate organs with adequate cell type allocation. In the root vasculature, a gradient of miRNA165/6 controls the abundance of HD-ZIP III transcription factors, which in turn control cell fate and spatially restrict vascular cell proliferation to specific cells. Here, we show that vascular development requires the presence of ARGONAUTE10, which is thought to sequester miRNA165/6 and protect HD-ZIP III transcripts from degradation. Our results suggest that the miR165/6-AGO10-HDZIP III module acts by buffering cytokinin responses and restricting xylem differentiation. Mutants of AGO10 show faster growth rates and strongly enhanced survival under severe drought conditions. However, this superior performance is offset by markedly increased variation and phenotypic plasticity in sub-optimal carbon supply conditions. Thus, AGO10 is required for the control of formative cell division and coordination of robust cell fate specification of the vasculature, while altering its expression provides a means to adjust phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila El Arbi
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre, Umea, Sweden
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schürholz
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Corden Pharma, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlene U Handl
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexei Schiffner
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inés Hidalgo Prados
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liese Schnurbusch
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Wenzl
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin'Ai Zhao
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jian Zeng
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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18
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Aydin F, Alkan V, Dönmez F. Developing of an eco-friendly liquid-liquid microextraction method by using menthol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for determination of basic fuchsin dye: assessment of the greenness profile. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:485. [PMID: 38684572 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we aimed to develop a new environmentally friendly liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) method based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (hDES) synthesized using biodegradable dl-menthol and decanoic acid for the spectrophotometric determination of toxic basic fuchsin dye in environmental water samples. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as pH, mole ratio, and volume of hDES (1:2) and type and volume of organic solvent, sample volume, times of vortex, ultrasonic bath and centrifuge, ionic strength, and matrix effect were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 7.4-167 μg L-1 with a coefficient of determination of 0.9994. The limit of detection, intra-day and inter-day precision, and recovery values were 2.25 μg L-1, 2.46% and 4.45%, and 105 ± 3%, respectively. The preconcentration and enrichment factors were found to be 30 and 61.5, respectively. The proposed hDES-LLME methodology was successfully applied to the environmental water samples to detect toxic BF dye (95-105%). Finally, the ecological impact of the suggested method was evaluated using the analytical eco-scale (PPS:88), complementary green analytical procedure indexe (ComplexGAPI), and the Analytical GREEnness tool (0.63). The assessment results showed that the presented analytical method can be regarded as a green LLME approach for the determination of the BF in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Aydin
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Sciences, 65080, Van, Türkiye.
| | - Volkan Alkan
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Sciences, 65080, Van, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Dönmez
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, 65080, Van, Türkiye
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19
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Vishal B, Krishnamurthy P, Kumar PP. Arabidopsis class II TPS controls root development and confers salt stress tolerance through enhanced hydrophobic barrier deposition. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:115. [PMID: 38613634 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The mechanism of conferring salt tolerance by AtTPS9 involves enhanced deposition of suberin lamellae in the Arabidopsis root endodermis, resulting in reduction of Na+ transported to the leaves. Members of the class I trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) enzymes are known to play an important role in plant growth and development in Arabidopsis. However, class II TPSs and their functions in salinity stress tolerance are not well studied. We characterized the function of a class II TPS gene, AtTPS9, to understand its role in salt stress response and root development in Arabidopsis. The attps9 mutant exhibited significant reduction of soluble sugar levels in the leaves and formation of suberin lamellae (SL) in the endodermis of roots compared to the wild type (WT). The reduction in SL deposition (hydrophobic barriers) leads to increased apoplastic xylem loading, resulting in enhanced Na+ content in the plants, which explains salt sensitivity of the mutant plants. Conversely, AtTPS9 overexpression lines exhibited increased SL deposition in the root endodermis along with increased salt tolerance, showing that regulation of SL deposition is one of the mechanisms of action of AtTPS9 in conferring salt tolerance to Arabidopsis plants. Our data showed that besides salt tolerance, AtTPS9 also regulates seed germination and root development. qRT-PCR analyses showed significant downregulation of selected SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2 genes (SnRK2s) and ABA-responsive genes in the mutant, suggesting that AtTPS9 may regulate the ABA-signaling intermediates as part of the mechanism conferring salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Vishal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Queenstown, 117456, Singapore
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore.
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20
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Rezanejad F, Ganjalikhani Hakemi F. Microstructural and histochemical analysis of shoots and cones of Juniperus seravschanica (Cupressaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:790-799. [PMID: 38071733 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Juniper species contain abundant compounds that are used in the medicine, cosmetic, and wood industry. Furthermore, these components protect the genus against herbivores, pathogens and detrimental abiotic conditions. Stains and specific reagents can be used individually or simultaneously to mark cell shape, arrangement and the material they are made from. Microchemical analyses using specific reagents and stains under light microscopy are helpful for the characterization of chemical compounds present in plant tissues. The autofluorescence of endogenous fluorophores is used to enable their localization in plant cells and tissues. This paper aims to investigate the cytochemical and histochemical traits of the shoots (leaves and stems) and female cones (berries) of Juniperus seravschanica. Light and florescent microscopy techniques were used to analyze the cytology and localization of different compounds for the first time. Microscopy-based histochemical analyses revealed various products in terms of composition and distribution among the shoots and female cones. These specific compounds contained lignin, tannins, polysaccharides, starch, phenolic compounds, chlorophyll, terpenoids, neutral lipids, and proteins. However, the anatomical position of each metabolite and its concentration was different among leaf, stem, and female cone. Phenolic cells of young cones were differentiated into sclereid cells during development. The density of phenolic cells, sclereid cells, and resin glans was higher in female cones than leaves and stems. The high levels of various components can be related to high resistance of the species against biotic and abiotic stresses, confirm its industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural applications and is useful for identification of diagnostic taxonomic traits. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Microscopical and histochemical analyses showed various compounds in J. seravschanica The phenolic cells differentiated to sclereid cells during development High levels of idioblasts and various compounds show its high resistance and medicinal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhondeh Rezanejad
- Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzad Ganjalikhani Hakemi
- Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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21
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Blanco-Touriñán N. Quantification of xylem connection defects during lateral root development in Arabidopsis. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102786. [PMID: 38113142 PMCID: PMC10767186 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of vascular connections between primary and lateral roots have recently gained significant attention. Here, I present a protocol to visualize and quantify xylem connection defects during lateral root development. I describe steps for employing stains to infer whether the defects observed in xylem bridges are associated with alterations in the xylem differentiation program, including programmed cell death and secondary cell wall deposition. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Blanco-Touriñán et al. (2023) and Ursache et al. (2018).1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Blanco-Touriñán
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Anggarani M, Lin YY, Fang SA, Wu HP, Wu CC, Jane WN, Roscoe TJ, Domergue F, Hsing YIC. Morphology and chemical composition of Taiwan oil millet (Eccoilopus formosanus) epicuticular wax. PLANTA 2024; 259:89. [PMID: 38467941 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Taiwan oil millet has two types of epicuticular wax: platelet wax composed primarily of octacosanol and filament wax constituted essentially by the singular compound of octacosanoic acid. Taiwan oil millet (TOM-Eccoilopus formosanus) is an orphan crop cultivated by the Taiwan indigenous people. It has conspicuous white powder covering its leaf sheath indicating abundant epicuticular waxes, that may contribute to its resilience. Here, we characterized the epicuticular wax secretion in TOM leaf blade and leaf sheath using various microscopy techniques, as well as gas chromatography to determine its composition. Two kinds of waxes, platelet and filaments, were secreted in both the leaf blades and sheaths. The platelet wax is secreted ubiquitously by epidermal cells, whereas the filament wax is secreted by a specific cell called epidermal cork cells. The newly developed filament waxes were markedly re-synthesized by the epidermal cork cells through papillae protrusions on the external periclinal cell wall. Ultrastructural images of cork cell revealed the presence of cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules along the periphery of plasma membrane (PM) and ER-PM contact sites (EPCS). The predominant wax component was a C28 primary alcohol in leaf blade, and a C28 free fatty acid in the leaf sheath, pseudopetiole and midrib. The wax morphology present in distinct plant organs corresponds to the specific chemical composition: platelet wax composed of alcohols exists mainly in the leaf blade, whereas filament wax constituted mainly by the singular compound C28 free fatty acids is present abundantly in leaf sheath. Our study clarifies the filament wax composition in relation to a previous study in sorghum. Both platelet and filament waxes comprise a protection barrier for TOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Anggarani
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan
| | - Shao-An Fang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan
| | - Hshin-Ping Wu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Wu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan
| | - Thomas James Roscoe
- Regulations Epigenetiques et Developpement de la Graine, ERL 5300 CNRS-IRD UMR DIADE, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic Domergue
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LBM, UMR 5200, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yue-Ie Caroline Hsing
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan.
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23
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Gaddam SR, Sharma A, Trivedi PK. miR397b-LAC2 module regulates cadmium stress response by coordinating root lignification and copper homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133100. [PMID: 38042003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-essential heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is toxic to plants and animals. Cadmium affects plant photosynthesis, respiration, and causes water imbalance and may lead to plant death. Cadmium induces toxicity by interfering with the essential metal copper (Cu) homeostasis, which affects plant nutrition. Though root lignin biosynthesis is positively regulated by Cd stress, the underlying mechanisms promoting lignin accumulation and controlling Cd-induced Cu limitation responses are unclear. Here, we elucidated the role of Cu-responsive microRNA (miR397b) in Arabidopsis thaliana plants for Cd stress by targeting the LACCASE2 (LAC2) gene. This study demonstrated the fundamental mechanism of miR397b-mediated Cd stress response by enhancing the lignin content in root tissues. We developed miR397b over-expressing plants, which showed considerable Cd stress tolerance. Plants with knockdown function of LAC2 also showed significant tolerance to Cd stress. miR397b overexpressing and lac2 mutant plants showed root reduction, higher biomass and chlorophyll content, and significantly lower Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This study demonstrated the miR397b-mediated Cd stress response in Arabidopsis by enhancing the lignin content in root tissues. We conclude that modulation in miR397b can be potentially used for improving plants for Cd tolerance and Cu homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Reddy Gaddam
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; CSIR, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow 226 015, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow 226 015, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow 226 015, India.
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24
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Hao N, Yao H, Suzuki M, Li B, Wang C, Cao J, Fujiwara T, Wu T, Kamiya T. Novel lignin-based extracellular barrier in glandular trichome. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:381-389. [PMID: 38374437 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Successful biochemical reactions in organisms necessitate compartmentalization of the requisite components. Glandular trichomes (GTs) act as compartments for the synthesis and storage of specialized compounds. These compounds not only are crucial for the survival of plants under biotic and abiotic stresses but also have medical and commercial value for humans. However, the mechanisms underlying compartmentalization remain unclear. Here we identified a novel structure that is indispensable for the establishment of compartments in cucumber GTs. Silica, a specialized compound, is deposited on the GTs and is visible on the surface of the fruit as a white powder, known as bloom. This deposition provides resistance against pathogens and prevents water loss from the fruits1. Using the cucumber bloomless mutant2, we discovered that a lignin-based cell wall structure in GTs, named 'neck strip', achieves compartmentalization by acting as an extracellular barrier crucial for the silica polymerization. This structure is present in the GTs of diverse plant species. Our findings will enhance the understanding of the biosynthesis of unique compounds in trichomes and provide a basis for improving the production of compounds beneficial to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture/Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hongxin Yao
- College of Horticulture/Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Baohai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- College of Horticulture/Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture/Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture/Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Lee T, Orvosova M, Batzenschlager M, Bueno Batista M, Bailey PC, Mohd-Radzman NA, Gurzadyan A, Stuer N, Mysore KS, Wen J, Ott T, Oldroyd GED, Schiessl K. Light-sensitive short hypocotyl genes confer symbiotic nodule identity in the legume Medicago truncatula. Curr Biol 2024; 34:825-840.e7. [PMID: 38301650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Legumes produce specialized root nodules that are distinct from lateral roots in morphology and function, with nodules intracellularly hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We have previously shown that a lateral root program underpins nodule initiation, but there must be additional developmental regulators that confer nodule identity. Here, we show two members of the LIGHT-SENSITIVE SHORT HYPOCOTYL (LSH) transcription factor family, predominantly known to define shoot meristem complexity and organ boundaries, function as regulators of nodule organ identity. In parallel to the root initiation program, LSH1/LSH2 recruit a program into the root cortex that mediates the divergence into nodules, in particular with cell divisions in the mid-cortex. This includes regulation of auxin and cytokinin, promotion of NODULE ROOT1/2 and Nuclear Factor YA1, and suppression of the lateral root program. A principal outcome of LSH1/LSH2 function is the production of cells able to accommodate nitrogen-fixing bacteria, a key feature unique to nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Lee
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Martina Orvosova
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | | | - Marcelo Bueno Batista
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Paul C Bailey
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Nadia A Mohd-Radzman
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Aram Gurzadyan
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Naomi Stuer
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Thomas Ott
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestrasse, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK.
| | - Katharina Schiessl
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
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26
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Abilkassymova A, Kozykeyeva R, Aldana-Mejía JA, John Adams S, Datkhayev U, Turgumbayeva A, Orynbassarova K, Saroja SG, Khan IA, Ross SA. Phytochemical and Micro-Morphological Characterization of Atraphaxis pyrifolia Bunge Growing in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Molecules 2024; 29:833. [PMID: 38398586 PMCID: PMC10891614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atraphaxis pyrifolia is a native species of Central Asia, known for curing several disorders. The species has little knowledges about its chemical composition and any information about its morphological characteristics despite its importance in traditional Asian medicine. This is one of the first approaches to the phytochemical and morphological characterization of this species. Micro-morphology was performed on the stem, and leaf parts of this plant to profile the morpho-anatomical characters using brightfield, fluorescence, polarized and scanning electron microscopy. Leaves were extracted with hexane and methanol. The hexane extract was analyzed using GC-MS analysis revealing the major presence of γ-sitosterol and nonacosane. The methanolic extract was submitted to Vacuum Liquid Chromatography and Sephadex LH-20. HPTLC, HR-ESI-MS and NMR techniques were used to identify the main compounds. Four glycosylated flavonoids were isolated: 8-O-acetyl-7-O-methyl-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosylgossypetin (Compound 1), and 7-O-methyl-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosylgossypetin (Compound 3), and two other compounds reported for the first time in the literature (Compounds 2 and 4). The findings presented herein furnish pertinent information essential for the identification and authentication of this medicinal plant. Such insights are invaluable for facilitating robust quality control measures and serve as a foundational framework for subsequent endeavours in metabolic, pharmacological, and taxonomical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alima Abilkassymova
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.); (A.T.)
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (R.K.); (J.A.A.-M.); (S.J.A.); (S.G.S.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Raushan Kozykeyeva
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (R.K.); (J.A.A.-M.); (S.J.A.); (S.G.S.); (I.A.K.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160019, Kazakhstan;
| | - Jennyfer Andrea Aldana-Mejía
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (R.K.); (J.A.A.-M.); (S.J.A.); (S.G.S.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Sebastian John Adams
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (R.K.); (J.A.A.-M.); (S.J.A.); (S.G.S.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Ubaidilla Datkhayev
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Aknur Turgumbayeva
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.); (A.T.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Kulpan Orynbassarova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160019, Kazakhstan;
| | - Seethapathy G. Saroja
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (R.K.); (J.A.A.-M.); (S.J.A.); (S.G.S.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (R.K.); (J.A.A.-M.); (S.J.A.); (S.G.S.); (I.A.K.)
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Samir A. Ross
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (R.K.); (J.A.A.-M.); (S.J.A.); (S.G.S.); (I.A.K.)
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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27
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Ercoli MF, Shigenaga AM, de Araujo AT, Jain R, Ronald PC. Tyrosine-sulfated peptide hormone induces flavonol biosynthesis to control elongation and differentiation in Arabidopsis primary root. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.02.578681. [PMID: 38352507 PMCID: PMC10862922 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.578681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis roots, growth initiation and cessation are organized into distinct zones. How regulatory mechanisms are integrated to coordinate these processes and maintain proper growth progression over time is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the peptide hormone PLANT PEPTIDE CONTAINING SULFATED TYROSINE 1 (PSY1) promotes root growth by controlling cell elongation. Higher levels of PSY1 lead to longer differentiated cells with a shootward displacement of characteristics common to mature cells. PSY1 activates genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonols, a group of plant-specific secondary metabolites. Using genetic and chemical approaches, we show that flavonols are required for PSY1 function. Flavonol accumulation downstream of PSY1 occurs in the differentiation zone, where PSY1 also reduces auxin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity. These findings support a model where PSY1 signals the developmental-specific accumulation of secondary metabolites to regulate the extent of cell elongation and the overall progression to maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Ercoli
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley 94720
| | - Alexandra M Shigenaga
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Artur Teixeira de Araujo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - Rashmi Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley 94720
- The Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California
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28
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de la Fuente C, Grondin A, Sine B, Debieu M, Belin C, Hajjarpoor A, Atkinson JA, Passot S, Salson M, Orjuela J, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Brossier JR, Steffen M, Morgado C, Dinh HN, Pandey BK, Darmau J, Champion A, Petitot AS, Barrachina C, Pratlong M, Mounier T, Nakombo-Gbassault P, Gantet P, Gangashetty P, Guedon Y, Vadez V, Reichheld JP, Bennett MJ, Kane NA, Guyomarc'h S, Wells DM, Vigouroux Y, Laplaze L. Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth is associated with early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet. eLife 2024; 12:RP86169. [PMID: 38294329 PMCID: PMC10945517 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Seedling root traits impact plant establishment under challenging environments. Pearl millet is one of the most heat and drought tolerant cereal crops that provides a vital food source across the sub-Saharan Sahel region. Pearl millet's early root system features a single fast-growing primary root which we hypothesize is an adaptation to the Sahelian climate. Using crop modeling, we demonstrate that early drought stress is an important constraint in agrosystems in the Sahel where pearl millet was domesticated. Furthermore, we show that increased pearl millet primary root growth is correlated with increased early water stress tolerance in field conditions. Genetics including genome-wide association study and quantitative trait loci (QTL) approaches identify genomic regions controlling this key root trait. Combining gene expression data, re-sequencing and re-annotation of one of these genomic regions identified a glutaredoxin-encoding gene PgGRXC9 as the candidate stress resilience root growth regulator. Functional characterization of its closest Arabidopsis homolog AtROXY19 revealed a novel role for this glutaredoxin (GRX) gene clade in regulating cell elongation. In summary, our study suggests a conserved function for GRX genes in conferring root cell elongation and enhancing resilience of pearl millet to its Sahelian environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
- LMI LAPSEDakarSenegal
- CERAAS, ISRAThiesSenegal
| | | | - Marilyne Debieu
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Amir Hajjarpoor
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Jonathan A Atkinson
- School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sixtine Passot
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Marine Salson
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Julie Orjuela
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | | | - Maxime Steffen
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Hang Ngan Dinh
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Bipin K Pandey
- School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julie Darmau
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Antony Champion
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pascal Gantet
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Yann Guedon
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Vincent Vadez
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
- LMI LAPSEDakarSenegal
- CERAAS, ISRAThiesSenegal
| | | | - Malcolm J Bennett
- School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Darren M Wells
- School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yves Vigouroux
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
- LMI LAPSEDakarSenegal
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29
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Clúa J, Montpetit J, Jimenez-Sandoval P, Naumann C, Santiago J, Poirier Y. A CYBDOM protein impacts iron homeostasis and primary root growth under phosphate deficiency in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:423. [PMID: 38212368 PMCID: PMC10784552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis primary root growth response to phosphate (Pi) deficiency is mainly controlled by changes in apoplastic iron (Fe). Upon Pi deficiency, apoplastic Fe deposition in the root apical meristem activates pathways leading to the arrest of meristem maintenance and inhibition of cell elongation. Here, we report that a member of the uncharacterized cytochrome b561 and DOMON domain (CYBDOM) protein family, named CRR, promotes iron reduction in an ascorbate-dependent manner and controls apoplastic iron deposition. Under low Pi, the crr mutant shows an enhanced reduction of primary root growth associated with increased apoplastic Fe in the root meristem and a reduction in meristematic cell division. Conversely, CRR overexpression abolishes apoplastic Fe deposition rendering primary root growth insensitive to low Pi. The crr single mutant and crr hyp1 double mutant, harboring a null allele in another member of the CYDOM family, shows increased tolerance to high-Fe stress upon germination and seedling growth. Conversely, CRR overexpression is associated with increased uptake and translocation of Fe to the shoot and results in plants highly sensitive to Fe excess. Our results identify a ferric reductase implicated in Fe homeostasis and developmental responses to abiotic stress, and reveal a biological role for CYBDOM proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Clúa
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Montpetit
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Jimenez-Sandoval
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Julia Santiago
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Poirier
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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30
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Gómez-Páez DM, Magnani E. Confocal Imaging of Seeds. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2830:93-104. [PMID: 38977571 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3965-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In flowering plants, proper seed development is achieved through the constant interplay of fertilization products, embryo and endosperm, and maternal tissues. Understanding such a complex biological process requires microscopy techniques able to unveil the seed internal morphological structure. Seed thickness and relatively low permeability make conventional tissue staining techniques impractical unless combined with time-consuming dissecting methods. Here, we describe two techniques to imaging the three-dimensional structure of Arabidopsis seeds by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Both procedures, while differing in their time of execution and resolution, are based on cell wall staining of seed tissues with fluorescent dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennys-Marcela Gómez-Páez
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Enrico Magnani
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France.
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31
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Bartusch K, Blanco-Touriñán N, Rodriguez-Villalón A, Truernit E. Monitoring Xylem Transport in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings Using Fluorescent Dyes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2722:3-15. [PMID: 37897596 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3477-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes are often used to observe transport mechanisms in plant vascular tissues. However, it has been technically challenging to apply fluorescent dyes on roots to monitor xylem transport in vivo. Here, we present a fast, noninvasive, and high-throughput protocol to monitor xylem transport in seedlings. Using the fluorescent dyes 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and Rhodamine WT, we were able to observe xylem transport on a cellular level in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. We describe how to apply these dyes on primary roots of young seedlings, how to monitor root-to-shoot xylem transport, and how to measure xylem transport velocity in roots. Moreover, we show that our protocol can also be applied to lateral roots and grafted seedlings to assess xylem (re)connection. Altogether, these techniques are useful for investigating xylem functionality in diverse experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bartusch
- Group of Phloem Development and Function, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Noel Blanco-Touriñán
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antia Rodriguez-Villalón
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Truernit
- Group of Phloem Development and Function, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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32
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Serrano-Mislata A, Brumós J. Clearing of Vascular Tissue in Arabidopsis thaliana for Reporter Analysis of Gene Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2722:227-239. [PMID: 37897610 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3477-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
To study the gene regulatory mechanisms modulating development is essential to visualize gene expression patterns at cellular resolution. However, this kind of analysis has been limited as a consequence of the plant tissues' opacity. In the last years, ClearSee has been increasingly used to obtain high-quality imaging of plant tissue anatomy combined with the visualization of gene expression patterns. ClearSee is established as a major tissue clearing technique due to its simplicity and versatility.In this chapter, we outline an easy-to-follow ClearSee protocol to analyze gene expression of reporters using either β-glucuronidase (GUS) or fluorescent protein (FP) tags, compatible with different dyes to stain cell walls. We detail materials, equipment, solutions, and procedures to easily implement ClearSee for the study of vascular development in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the protocol can be easily adapted to a variety of plant tissues in a wide range of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Serrano-Mislata
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Brumós
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València), Valencia, Spain.
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33
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Feng M, Zhang A, Nguyen V, Bisht A, Almqvist C, De Veylder L, Carlsbecker A, Melnyk CW. A conserved graft formation process in Norway spruce and Arabidopsis identifies the PAT gene family as central regulators of wound healing. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:53-65. [PMID: 38168607 PMCID: PMC10808061 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of plant grafting enables eudicots and gymnosperms to join with closely related species and grow as one. Gymnosperms have dominated forests for over 200 million years, and despite their economic and ecological relevance, we know little about how they graft. Here we developed a micrografting method in conifers using young tissues that allowed efficient grafting with closely related species and between distantly related genera. Conifer graft junctions rapidly connected vasculature and differentially expressed thousands of genes including auxin and cell-wall-related genes. By comparing these genes to those induced during Arabidopsis thaliana graft formation, we found a common activation of cambium, cell division, phloem and xylem-related genes. A gene regulatory network analysis in Norway spruce (Picea abies) predicted that PHYTOCHROME A SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 1 (PAT1) acted as a core regulator of graft healing. This gene was strongly up-regulated during both spruce and Arabidopsis grafting, and Arabidopsis mutants lacking PAT genes failed to attach tissues or successfully graft. Complementing Arabidopsis PAT mutants with the spruce PAT1 homolog rescued tissue attachment and enhanced callus formation. Together, our data show an ability for young tissues to graft with distantly related species and identifies the PAT gene family as conserved regulators of graft healing and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Feng
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ai Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Van Nguyen
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anchal Bisht
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Curt Almqvist
- Skogforsk (The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden), Uppsala Science Park, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelie Carlsbecker
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charles W Melnyk
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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34
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Wang R, Li C, Jia Z, Su Y, Ai Y, Li Q, Guo X, Tao Z, Lin F, Liang Y. Reversible phosphorylation of a lectin-receptor-like kinase controls xylem immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:2051-2066.e7. [PMID: 37977141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) mediate basal resistance to most phytopathogens. However, plant responses can be cell type specific, and the mechanisms governing xylem immunity remain largely unknown. We show that the lectin-receptor-like kinase LORE contributes to xylem basal resistance in Arabidopsis upon infection with Ralstonia solanacearum, a destructive plant pathogen that colonizes the xylem to cause bacterial wilt. Following R. solanacearum infection, LORE is activated by phosphorylation at residue S761, initiating a phosphorelay that activates reactive oxygen species production and cell wall lignification. To prevent prolonged activation of immune signaling, LORE recruits and phosphorylates type 2C protein phosphatase LOPP, which dephosphorylates LORE and attenuates LORE-mediated xylem immunity to maintain immune homeostasis. A LOPP knockout confers resistance against bacterial wilt disease in Arabidopsis and tomatoes without impacting plant growth. Thus, our study reveals a regulatory mechanism in xylem immunity involving the reversible phosphorylation of receptor-like kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenying Li
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyi Jia
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaxing Su
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingfei Ai
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qinghong Li
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xijie Guo
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeng Tao
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 311200, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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35
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Su Y, Feng T, Liu CB, Huang H, Wang YL, Fu X, Han ML, Zhang X, Huang X, Wu JC, Song T, Shen H, Yang X, Xu L, Lü S, Chao DY. The evolutionary innovation of root suberin lamellae contributed to the rise of seed plants. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1968-1977. [PMID: 37932483 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed plants overtook ferns to become the dominant plant group during the late Carboniferous, a period in which the climate became colder and dryer1,2. However, the specific innovations driving the success of seed plants are not clear. Here we report that the appearance of suberin lamellae (SL) contributed to the rise of seed plants. We show that the Casparian strip and SL vascular barriers evolved at different times, with the former originating in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of vascular plants and the latter in the MRCA of seed plants. Our results further suggest that most of the genes required for suberin formation arose through gene duplication in the MRCA of seed plants. We show that the appearance of the SL in the MRCA of seed plants enhanced drought tolerance through preventing water loss from the stele. We hypothesize that SL provide a decisive selective advantage over ferns in arid environments, resulting in the decline of ferns and the rise of gymnosperms. This study provides insights into the evolutionary success of seed plants and has implications for engineering drought-tolerant crops or fern varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Su
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chu-Bin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Ling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Chen Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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36
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Hirano T, Ebine K, Ueda T, Higaki T, Watanabe-Nakayama T, Konno H, Takigawa-Imamura H, Sato MH. The SYP123-VAMP727 SNARE complex delivers secondary cell wall components for root hair shank hardening in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4347-4365. [PMID: 37713604 PMCID: PMC10689195 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The extended tubular shape of root hairs is established by tip growth and concomitant hardening. Here, we demonstrate that a syntaxin of plants (SYP)123-vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)727-dependent secretion system delivers secondary cell wall components for hardening the subapical zone and shank of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root hairs. We found increased SYP123 localization at the plasma membrane (PM) of the subapical and shank zones compared with the tip region in elongating root hairs. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)(3,5)P2 production impaired SYP123 localization at the PM and SYP123-mediated root hair shank hardening. Moreover, root hair elongation in the syp123 mutant was insensitive to a PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis inhibitor. SYP123 interacts with both VAMP721 and VAMP727. syp123 and vamp727 mutants exhibited reduced shank cell wall stiffness due to impaired secondary cell wall component deposition. Based on these results, we conclude that SYP123 is involved in VAMP721-mediated conventional secretion for root hair elongation as well as in VAMP727-mediated secretory functions for the delivery of secondary cell wall components to maintain root hair tubular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hirano
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ebine
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, Sokendai, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, Sokendai, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Konno
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | | | - Masa H Sato
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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37
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Sasaki T, Saito K, Inoue D, Serk H, Sugiyama Y, Pesquet E, Shimamoto Y, Oda Y. Confined-microtubule assembly shapes three-dimensional cell wall structures in xylem vessels. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6987. [PMID: 37957173 PMCID: PMC10643555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Properly patterned deposition of cell wall polymers is prerequisite for the morphogenesis of plant cells. A cortical microtubule array guides the two-dimensional pattern of cell wall deposition. Yet, the mechanism underlying the three-dimensional patterning of cell wall deposition is poorly understood. In metaxylem vessels, cell wall arches are formed over numerous pit membranes, forming highly organized three-dimensional cell wall structures. Here, we show that the microtubule-associated proteins, MAP70-5 and MAP70-1, regulate arch development. The map70-1 map70-5 plants formed oblique arches in an abnormal orientation in pits. Microtubules fit the aperture of developing arches in wild-type cells, whereas microtubules in map70-1 map70-5 cells extended over the boundaries of pit arches. MAP70 caused the bending and bundling of microtubules. These results suggest that MAP70 confines microtubules within the pit apertures by altering the physical properties of microtubules, thereby directing the growth of pit arches in the proper orientation. This study provides clues to understanding how plants develop three-dimensional structure of cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takema Sasaki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Saito
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI University, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Factuly of Design, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yuki Sugiyama
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Arrhenius laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuta Shimamoto
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI University, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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38
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Sharma NK, Yadav S, Gupta SK, Irulappan V, Francis A, Senthil-Kumar M, Chattopadhyay D. MicroRNA397 regulates tolerance to drought and fungal infection by regulating lignin deposition in chickpea root. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3501-3517. [PMID: 37427826 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants deposit lignin in the secondary cell wall as a common response to drought and pathogen attacks. Cell wall localised multicopper oxidase family enzymes LACCASES (LACs) catalyse the formation of monolignol radicals and facilitate lignin formation. We show an upregulation of the expression of several LAC genes and a downregulation of microRNA397 (CamiR397) in response to natural drought in chickpea roots. CamiR397 was found to target LAC4 and LAC17L out of twenty annotated LACs in chickpea. CamiR397 and its target genes are expressed in the root. Overexpression of CamiR397 reduced expression of LAC4 and LAC17L and lignin deposition in chickpea root xylem causing reduction in xylem wall thickness. Downregulation of CamiR397 activity by expressing a short tandem target mimic (STTM397) construct increased root lignin deposition in chickpea. CamiR397-overexpressing and STTM397 chickpea lines showed sensitivity and tolerance, respectively, towards natural drought. Infection with a fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, responsible for dry root rot (DRR) disease in chickpea, induced local lignin deposition and LAC gene expression. CamiR397-overexpressing and STTM397 chickpea lines showed more sensitivity and tolerance, respectively, to DRR. Our results demonstrated the regulatory role of CamiR397 in root lignification during drought and DRR in an agriculturally important crop chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Yadav
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vadivelmurugan Irulappan
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Aleena Francis
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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39
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Di Marco G, D'Agostino A, Braglia R, Redi EL, Iacobelli S, Gismondi A, Canini A. Pollen variability in Quercus L. species and relative systematic implications. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108079. [PMID: 37862931 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to address one of the challenges related to the complexity of the Quercus L. genus, that is the identification of structural elements favouring the systematic identification of the oak pollen. Thus, in this contribution, we explored the variation of morphometric and chemical parameters in pollen samples collected from 47 different Quercus species and hybrids. Several qualitative (e.g., outline in polar view, class, aperture structures) and quantitative (e.g., diameter, exine and sporoderm thickness, autofluorescence, content in proteins and plant metabolites) features were evaluated by optic microscopy and spectrophotometric assays. Statistical analyses were also carried out to assess significant correlations and clustering effects among the studied taxa, based on phenotypical and biochemical data, to identify the parameters which could be useful for taxonomic discrimination at inter- and intra-specific level. Only few morphological traits showed the potentiality to be diagnostic, such as pollen diameter and outline in polar view. The intensity of pollen autofluorescence varied among the samples but it did not seem to correlate with protein, carotenoid, phenolic and flavonoid content. However, differences in protein and carotenoid levels were detected, suggesting them as possible taxonomic discriminants for oak pollen. Thus, our work represents a step forward in understanding morphology and biochemistry of oak pollen, constitutes an experimental set-up applicable in future systematic studies on other genera, and opens new perspectives for further molecular investigations on Quercus species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Braglia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Simona Iacobelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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40
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Gao YQ, Huang JQ, Reyt G, Song T, Love A, Tiemessen D, Xue PY, Wu WK, George MW, Chen XY, Chao DY, Castrillo G, Salt DE. A dirigent protein complex directs lignin polymerization and assembly of the root diffusion barrier. Science 2023; 382:464-471. [PMID: 37883539 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi5032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Functionally similar to the tight junctions present in animal guts, plant roots have evolved a lignified Casparian strip as an extracellular diffusion barrier in the endodermis to seal the root apoplast and maintain nutrient homeostasis. How this diffusion barrier is structured has been partially defined, but its lignin polymerization and assembly steps remain elusive. Here, we characterize a family of dirigent proteins (DPs) essential for both the localized polymerization of lignin required for Casparian strip biogenesis in the cell wall and for attachment of the strip to the plasma membrane to seal the apoplast. We reveal a Casparian strip lignification mechanism that requires cooperation between DPs and the Schengen pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DPs directly mediate lignin polymerization as part of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Gao
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Jin-Quan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guilhem Reyt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ashley Love
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Tiemessen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pei-Ying Xue
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wen-Kai Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gabriel Castrillo
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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Pardal R, Scheres B, Heidstra R. SCHIZORIZA domain-function analysis identifies requirements for its specific role in cell fate segregation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1866-1879. [PMID: 37584278 PMCID: PMC10602604 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant development continues postembryonically with a lifelong ability to form new tissues and organs. Asymmetric cell division, coupled with fate segregation, is essential to create cellular diversity during tissue and organ formation. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants harboring mutations in the SCHIZORIZA (SCZ) gene display fate segregation defects in their roots, resulting in the presence of an additional layer of endodermis, production of root hairs from subepidermal tissue, and misexpression of several tissue identity markers. Some of these defects are observed in tissues where SCZ is not expressed, indicating that part of the SCZ function is nonautonomous. As a class B HEAT-SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (HSFB), the SCZ protein contains several conserved domains and motifs. However, which domain(s) discriminates SCZ from its family members to obtain a role in development remains unknown. Here, we investigate how each domain contributes to SCZ function in Arabidopsis root patterning by generating altered versions of SCZ by domain swapping and mutation. We show that the SCZ DNA-binding domain is the main factor for its developmental function, and that SCZ likely acts as a nonmotile transcriptional repressor. Our results demonstrate how members of the HSF family can evolve toward functions beyond stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Pardal
- Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Scheres
- Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renze Heidstra
- Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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42
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Yang X, Poelmans W, Grones C, Lakehal A, Pevernagie J, Van Bel M, Njo M, Xu L, Nelissen H, De Rybel B, Motte H, Beeckman T. Spatial transcriptomics of a lycophyte root sheds light on root evolution. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4069-4084.e8. [PMID: 37683643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots originated independently in lycophytes and euphyllophytes, whereas early vascular plants were rootless. The organization of the root apical meristem in euphyllophytes is well documented, especially in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, little is known about lycophyte roots and their molecular innovations during evolution. In this study, spatial transcriptomics was used to detect 97 root-related genes in the roots of the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. A high number of genes showed expression patterns similar to what has been reported for seed plants, supporting the idea of a highly convergent evolution of mechanisms to control root development. Interaction and complementation data of SHORTROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) homologs, furthermore, support a comparable regulation of the ground tissue (GT) between euphyllophytes and lycophytes. Root cap formation, in contrast, appears to be differently regulated. Several experiments indicated an important role of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX13 gene SmWOX13a in Selaginella root cap formation. In contrast to multiple Arabidopsis WOX paralogs, SmWOX13a is able to induce root cap cells in Arabidopsis and has functionally conserved homologs in the fern Ceratopteris richardii. Lycophytes and a part of the euphyllophytes, therefore, may share a common mechanism regulating root cap formation, which was diversified or lost during seed plant evolution. In summary, we here provide a new spatial data resource for the Selaginella root, which in general advocates for conserved mechanisms to regulate root development but shows a clear divergence in the control of root cap formation, with a novel putative role of WOX genes in root cap formation in non-seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilan Yang
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ward Poelmans
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolin Grones
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abdellah Lakehal
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Pevernagie
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Njo
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lin Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Motte
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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43
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Wu Q, Feng Z, Tsukagoshi H, Yang M, Ao Y, Fujiwara T, Kamiya T. Early differentiation of Casparian strip mediated by nitric oxide is required for efficient K transport under low K conditions in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:467-477. [PMID: 37422899 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The Casparian strip (CS) is a cell wall modification made of lignin that functions as an apoplastic barrier in the root endodermis to restrict nutrient and water transport between the soil and stele. CS formation is affected by nutritional conditions, and its physiological roles have been discussed. This study found that low K condition affects CS permeability, lignin deposition, and MYB36 mRNA accumulation. To understand the mechanism underlying these findings, we focused on nitric oxide (NO). NO is known to act as a signaling molecule and participates in cell wall synthesis, especially for lignin composition. However, the mechanism by which NO affects lignin deposition and corrects CS formation in the plant roots remains unclear. Through combining fluorescent observation with histological stains, we demonstrated that the root endodermal cell lignification response to low-potassium (K) conditions is mediated by NO through the MYB36-associated lignin-polymerizing pathway. Furthermore, we discovered the noteworthy ability of NO to maintain nutrient homeostasis for adaptation to low K conditions by affecting the correct apoplastic barrier formation of CS. Collectively, our results suggest that NO is required for the lignification and apoplastic barrier formation in the root endodermis during adaptation to low K conditions, which revealing the novel physiological roles of CS under low nutrient conditions and making a significant contribution to CS biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Zhihang Feng
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hironaka Tsukagoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miaoyan Yang
- Suzhou Chien-Shiung Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215411, China
| | - Yan Ao
- Suzhou Chien-Shiung Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215411, China
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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44
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Gomez MD, Cored I, Barro-Trastoy D, Sanchez-Matilla J, Tornero P, Perez-Amador MA. DELLA proteins positively regulate seed size in Arabidopsis. Development 2023; 150:dev201853. [PMID: 37435751 PMCID: PMC10445750 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal nutrition is mainly based on seeds. Seed size is a key factor affecting seed yield and has thus been one of the primary objectives of plant breeders since the domestication of crop plants. Seed size is coordinately regulated by signals of maternal and zygotic tissues that control the growth of the seed coat, endosperm and embryo. Here, we provide previously unreported evidence for the role of DELLA proteins, key repressors of gibberellin responses, in the maternal control of seed size. The gain-of-function della mutant gai-1 produces larger seeds as a result of an increase in the cell number in ovule integuments. This leads to an increase in ovule size and, in turn, to an increase in seed size. Moreover, DELLA activity promotes increased seed size by inducing the transcriptional activation of AINTEGUMENTA, a genetic factor that controls cell proliferation and organ growth, in the ovule integuments of gai-1. Overall, our results indicate that DELLA proteins are involved in the control of seed size and suggest that modulation of the DELLA-dependent pathway could be used to improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Gomez
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Cored
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniela Barro-Trastoy
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sanchez-Matilla
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Tornero
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Amador
- Department of Development and Hormonal Action in Plants, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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45
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Mulvey H, Dolan L. RHO GTPase of plants regulates polarized cell growth and cell division orientation during morphogenesis. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00766-2. [PMID: 37385256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity-broadly defined as the asymmetric distribution of cellular activities and subcellular components within a cell-determines the geometry of cell growth and division during development. RHO GTPase proteins regulate the establishment of cell polarity and are conserved among eukaryotes. RHO of plant (ROP) proteins are a subgroup of RHO GTPases that are required for cellular morphogenesis in plants. However, how ROP proteins modulate the geometry of cell growth and division during the morphogenesis of plant tissues and organs is not well understood. To investigate how ROP proteins function during tissue development and organogenesis, we characterized the function of the single-copy ROP gene of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (MpROP). M. polymorpha develops morphologically complex three-dimensional tissues and organs exemplified by air chambers and gemmae, respectively. Mprop loss-of-function mutants form defective air chambers and gemmae, indicating ROP function is required for tissue development and organogenesis. During air chamber and gemma development in wild type, the MpROP protein is enriched to sites of polarized growth at the cell surface and accumulates at the expanding cell plate of dividing cells. Consistent with these observations, polarized cell growth is lost and cell divisions are misoriented in Mprop mutants. We propose that ROP regulates both polarized cell growth and cell division orientation in a coordinated manner to orchestrate tissue development and organogenesis in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Mulvey
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Liam Dolan
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna 1030, Austria.
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46
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Chen A, Liu T, Deng Y, Xiao R, Zhang T, Wang Y, Yang Y, Lakshmanan P, Shi X, Zhang F, Chen X. Nitrate _dependent suberization regulates cadmium uptake and accumulation in maize. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162848. [PMID: 36931522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effect of nitrate-dependent suberization in maize root on cadmium (Cd) uptake and accumulation was investigated. Suberization in maize roots was significantly lower in plants grown with a high nitrate supply compared with low nitrate. This decrease was seen in the total amount of suberin, in which the aliphatic suberin amount was significantly decreased, whereas no difference in aromatic suberin content between different N-treatments. RNA-sequencing showed that suberin biosynthesis genes were upregulated in low nitrate treatment, which correlated well with the increased suberin content. Bioimaging and xylem sap analysis showed that reduced exodermal and endodermal suberization in roots of plants grown under high nitrate promoted radial Cd transport along the crown root. The enhanced suberization in crown roots of plants grown in low nitrate restricted the radial transport of Cd from epidermis to cortex via decreased accessibility to Cd related transporters at the plasmalemma. Also, under low nitrate supply, the Cd transport gene ZmNramp5 was upregulated in the crown root, which may enhance Cd uptake by root tip where exodermis and endodermis were not fully suberized. These results suggest that high nitrate supply enhances Cd uptake and radial transport in maize roots by reducing exodermal and endodermal suberization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anle Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinping Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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47
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Pitsili E, Rodriguez-Trevino R, Ruiz-Solani N, Demir F, Kastanaki E, Dambire C, de Pedro-Jové R, Vercammen D, Salguero-Linares J, Hall H, Mantz M, Schuler M, Tuominen H, Van Breusegem F, Valls M, Munné-Bosch S, Holdsworth MJ, Huesgen PF, Rodriguez-Villalon A, Coll NS. A phloem-localized Arabidopsis metacaspase (AtMC3) improves drought tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37320971 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing drought phenomena pose a serious threat to agricultural productivity. Although plants have multiple ways to respond to the complexity of drought stress, the underlying mechanisms of stress sensing and signaling remain unclear. The role of the vasculature, in particular the phloem, in facilitating inter-organ communication is critical and poorly understood. Combining genetic, proteomic and physiological approaches, we investigated the role of AtMC3, a phloem-specific member of the metacaspase family, in osmotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analyses of the proteome in plants with altered AtMC3 levels revealed differential abundance of proteins related to osmotic stress pointing into a role of the protein in water-stress-related responses. Overexpression of AtMC3 conferred drought tolerance by enhancing the differentiation of specific vascular tissues and maintaining higher levels of vascular-mediated transportation, while plants lacking the protein showed an impaired response to drought and inability to respond effectively to the hormone abscisic acid. Overall, our data highlight the importance of AtMC3 and vascular plasticity in fine-tuning early drought responses at the whole plant level without affecting growth or yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Pitsili
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Rodriguez-Trevino
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nerea Ruiz-Solani
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fatih Demir
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Kastanaki
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlene Dambire
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Roger de Pedro-Jové
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominique Vercammen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jose Salguero-Linares
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hardy Hall
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Melissa Mantz
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antia Rodriguez-Villalon
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08001, Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Li H, Duijts K, Pasini C, van Santen JE, Lamers J, de Zeeuw T, Verstappen F, Wang N, Zeeman SC, Santelia D, Zhang Y, Testerink C. Effective root responses to salinity stress include maintained cell expansion and carbon allocation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1942-1956. [PMID: 36908088 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of root growth is vital for plants to survive salt stress. Halophytes are great examples of plants that thrive even under severe salinity, but their salt tolerance mechanisms, especially those mediated by root responses, are still largely unknown. We compared root growth responses of the halophyte Schrenkiella parvula with its glycophytic relative species Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress and performed transcriptomic analysis of S. parvula roots to identify possible gene regulatory networks underlying their physiological responses. Schrenkiella parvula roots do not avoid salt and experience less growth inhibition under salt stress. Salt-induced abscisic acid levels were higher in S. parvula roots compared with Arabidopsis. Root transcriptomic analysis of S. parvula revealed the induction of sugar transporters and genes regulating cell expansion and suberization under salt stress. 14 C-labeled carbon partitioning analyses showed that S. parvula continued allocating carbon to roots from shoots under salt stress while carbon barely allocated to Arabidopsis roots. Further physiological investigation revealed that S. parvula roots maintained root cell expansion and enhanced suberization under severe salt stress. In summary, roots of S. parvula deploy multiple physiological and developmental adjustments under salt stress to maintain growth, providing new avenues to improve salt tolerance of plants using root-specific strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Li
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kilian Duijts
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Pasini
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joyce E van Santen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Lamers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francel Verstappen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nan Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Zhu Y, Schiefelbein J. A conserved gene regulatory network controls root epidermal cell patterning in superrosid species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2410-2426. [PMID: 36932734 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In superrosid species, root epidermal cells differentiate into root hair cells and nonhair cells. In some superrosids, the root hair cells and nonhair cells are distributed randomly (Type I pattern), and in others, they are arranged in a position-dependent manner (Type III pattern). The model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) adopts the Type III pattern, and the gene regulatory network (GRN) that controls this pattern has been defined. However, it is unclear whether the Type III pattern in other species is controlled by a similar GRN as in Arabidopsis, and it is not known how the different patterns evolved. In this study, we analyzed superrosid species Rhodiola rosea, Boehmeria nivea, and Cucumis sativus for their root epidermal cell patterns. Combining phylogenetics, transcriptomics, and cross-species complementation, we analyzed homologs of the Arabidopsis patterning genes from these species. We identified R. rosea and B. nivea as Type III species and C. sativus as Type I species. We discovered substantial similarities in structure, expression, and function of Arabidopsis patterning gene homologs in R. rosea and B. nivea, and major changes in C. sativus. We propose that in superrosids, diverse Type III species inherited the patterning GRN from a common ancestor, whereas Type I species arose by mutations in multiple lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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50
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Li L, Hao R, Yang X, Feng Y, Bi Z. Piriformospora indica Increases Resistance to Fusarium pseudograminearum in Wheat by Inducing Phenylpropanoid Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108797. [PMID: 37240144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR), mainly caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, not only seriously threatens the yield and quality of wheat, but also endangers the health and safety of humans and livestock. Piriformospora indica is a root endophytic fungus that colonizes plant roots extensively and can effectively promote plant growth and improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the mechanism of FCR resistance mediated by P. indica in wheat was revealed from the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. The results showed that the colonization of P. indica significantly reduced the progression of wheat disease, the amount of F. pseudograminearum colonization, and the content of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat roots. RNA-seq suggested that P. indica colonization could reduce the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptome caused by F. pseudograminearum infection. The DEGs induced by the colonization of P. indica were partially enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Transcriptome sequencing and qPCR indicated that the colonization of P. indica up-regulated the expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. The metabolome analysis indicated that the colonization of P. indica increased the metabolites' accumulation in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Consistent with transcriptome and metabolomic analysis, microscopic observations showed enhanced lignin accumulation in the roots of the Piri and Piri+Fp lines, most likely contributing to the arrested infection by F. pseudograminearum. These results suggested that P. indica increased resistance to F. pseudograminearum in wheat by inducing the phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Ruiying Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhenghui Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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