1
|
Shi Y, Zhong H, Pang L. Maternal micronutrient disturbance as risks of offspring metabolic syndrome. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127097. [PMID: 36272194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a constellation of individual metabolic disturbances, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The established pathogenesis of MetS varies extensively with gender, age, ethnic background, and nutritional status. In terms of nutritional status, micronutrients are more likely to be discounted as essential components of required nutrition than macronutrients due to the small amount required. Numerous observational studies have shown that pregnant women frequently experience malnutrition, especially in developing and low-income countries, resulting in chronic MetS in the offspring due to the urgent and increasing demands for micronutrients during gestation and lactation. Over the past few decades, scientific developments have revolutionized our understanding of the association between balanced maternal micronutrients and MetS in the offspring. Examples of successful individual, dual, or multiple maternal micronutrient interventions on the offspring include iron for hypertension, selenium for type 2 diabetes, and a combination of folate and vitamin D for adiposity. In this review, we aim to elucidate the effects of maternal micronutrient intake on offspring metabolic homeostasis and discuss potential perspectives and challenges in the field of maternal micronutrient interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Hong Zhong
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Lingxia Pang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kent NL, Atluri SC, Cuffe JSM. Maternal Hypothyroidism in Rats Reduces Placental Lactogen, Lowers Insulin Levels, and Causes Glucose Intolerance. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6429715. [PMID: 34791119 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism increases the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. This study aimed to assess the pathophysiological mechanisms by which hypothyroidism leads to glucose intolerance in pregnancy. Hypothyroidism was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by adding methimazole (MMI) to drinking water at moderate (MOD, MMI at 0.005% w/v) and severe (SEV, MMI at 0.02% w/v) doses from 1 week before pregnancy and throughout gestation. A nonpregnant cohort received the same dose for the same duration but were not mated. On gestational day 16 (GD16), or nonpregnant day 16 (NP16), animals were subjected to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Tissues and blood samples were collected 4 days later. Hypothyroidism induced a diabetic-like phenotype by GD16 in pregnant females only. Pregnant MOD and SEV females had reduced fasting plasma insulin, less insulin following a glucose load, and altered expression of genes involved in insulin signaling within skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Hypothyroidism reduced rat placental lactogen concentrations, which was accompanied by reduced percentage β-cell cross-sectional area (CSA) relative to total pancreas CSA, and a reduced number of large β-cell clusters in the SEV hypothyroid group. Plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids were reduced by hypothyroidism in pregnant rats, as was the expression of genes that regulate lipid homeostasis. Hypothyroidism in pregnant rats results in a diabetic-like phenotype that is likely mediated by impaired β-cell expansion in pregnancy. This pregnancy-specific phenomenon is likely due to reduced placental lactogen secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nykola Louise Kent
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sharat Chandra Atluri
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tapia-Martínez JA, Franco-Colín M, Blas-Valdivia V, Cano-Europa E. The joint effect of congenital hypothyroidism and hypercaloric diet consumption as triggers of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Thyroid J 2022; 11:e210050. [PMID: 34981743 PMCID: PMC9142805 DOI: 10.1530/etj-21-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Congenital hypothyroidism affects metabolic and thyroid programming, having a deleterious effect on bodyweight regulation promoting metabolic diseases. This work aimed to demonstrate the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in animals with congenital hypothyroidism, only by the consumption of a mild hypercaloric diet in the extrauterine stage. Methods Two groups of female Wistar rats (n = 9): euthyroid and hypothyroid were used. Hypothyroidism was induced by a thyroidectomy with parathyroid reimplantation. Male offsprings post-weaning were divided into four groups (n = 10): euthyroid, hypothyroid, euthyroid + hypercaloric diet, and hypothyroid + hypercaloric diet. The hypercaloric diet consisted of ground commercial feed plus 20% lard and was administered until postnatal week 40. Bodyweight and energy intake were monitored weekly. Also, metabolic and hormonal markers related to cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance were analyzed at week 40. Then, animals were sacrificed to perform the morphometric analysis of the pancreas and adipose tissue. Results T2D was developed in animals fed a hypercaloric diet denoted by the presence of central obesity, hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and hypertension, as well as changes in the cytoarchitecture of the pancreas and adipose tissue related to T2D. The results show that congenital hypothyroid animals had an increase in metabolic markers and an elevated cardiovascular risk. Conclusions Congenital hypothyroid animals develop T2D, having the highest metabolic disturbances and a worsened clinical prognosis than euthyroid animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Tapia-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio 6, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Margarita Franco-Colín
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vanessa Blas-Valdivia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar Cano-Europa
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
David UE, Asiwe JN, Fasanmade AA. Maternal hypothyroidism prolongs gestation period and impairs glucose tolerance in offspring of Wistar rats. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 43:323-328. [PMID: 34907695 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pregnancy is a critical period keenly regulated by both maternal and foetal factors and a shift in these factors could result in severe complications manifesting in foetal and adult life. However, maternal hypothyroidism before and/or during pregnancy is a critical factor. This study investigated the effect of maternal hypothyroidism on glucose tolerance and thyroid function in male and female offspring. METHODS Fifteen adult female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (sham-control), Group 2 (thyrodectomized) and Group 3 (thyroidectomised + L-thyroxine treated). Blood thyroxine (T4) level was measured on the day 10 after thyroidectomy in Groups 1 and 2, and day 35 in Group 3. Males were introduced to the female rats after T4 measurement. At PND-112, T4 levels of their offspring were measured. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was measured in offspring at PND-133. RESULTS Thyroxine reduced significantly in Group 2 and their offspring (male and female) compared to Group 3 while gestation period was prolonged significantly in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Hypothyroid male offspring showed depressed glucose tolerance, however, no effect was observed in female offspring. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that maternal hypothyroidism prolonged gestation period, induced foetal hypothyroidism in both genders and depressed glucose tolerance in male offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ubong Edem David
- Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Jerome Ndudi Asiwe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kemkem Y, Nasteska D, de Bray A, Bargi-Souza P, Peliciari-Garcia RA, Guillou A, Mollard P, Hodson DJ, Schaeffer M. Maternal hypothyroidism in mice influences glucose metabolism in adult offspring. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1822-1835. [PMID: 32472193 PMCID: PMC7406527 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS During pregnancy, maternal metabolic disease and hormonal imbalance may alter fetal beta cell development and/or proliferation, thus leading to an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Although thyroid hormones play an important role in fetal endocrine pancreas development, the impact of maternal hypothyroidism on glucose homeostasis in adult offspring remains poorly understood. METHODS We investigated this using a mouse model of hypothyroidism, induced by administration of an iodine-deficient diet supplemented with propylthiouracil during gestation. RESULTS Here, we show that, when fed normal chow, adult mice born to hypothyroid mothers were more glucose-tolerant due to beta cell hyperproliferation (two- to threefold increase in Ki67-positive beta cells) and increased insulin sensitivity. However, following 8 weeks of high-fat feeding, these offspring gained 20% more body weight, became profoundly hyperinsulinaemic (with a 50% increase in fasting insulin concentration), insulin-resistant and glucose-intolerant compared with controls from euthyroid mothers. Furthermore, altered glucose metabolism was maintained in a second generation of animals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Therefore, gestational hypothyroidism induces long-term alterations in endocrine pancreas function, which may have implications for type 2 diabetes prevention in affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Kemkem
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, Inserm U1191, University of Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniela Nasteska
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, Edgbaston, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anne de Bray
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, Edgbaston, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology and Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Anne Guillou
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, Inserm U1191, University of Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Mollard
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, Inserm U1191, University of Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, Edgbaston, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marie Schaeffer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, Inserm U1191, University of Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of maternal hypothyroidism in the gastrointestinal system of male young offspring from Wistar rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:286-292. [PMID: 32345396 DOI: 10.1017/s204017442000029x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the maternal environment may impact on the fetal development. The objective of this study was to investigate the gastrointestinal consequences of maternal hypothyroidism for the male offspring from Wistar rats. The pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control (C - received water), experimental 1 [E1 - received methimazole (MMI) solution] during gestation and lactation, and experimental 2 (E2 - received MMI solution) during gestation. Maternal parameters evaluated: free T3 and T4, bodyweight variation, and water/food intake. Offspring parameters evaluated: litter size, number of male/female, free T3 and T4, stomach area, gastric ulcer susceptibility, small intestine length and weight, small intestine and distal colon motility, the stomach and intestinal weight-body weight ratio (SW/BW-IW/BW), and the accumulation of intestinal fluid. Maternal T3 and T4 from E1 were decreased when compared to the other groups. There were no differences for maternal water/food intake and weight gain, litter size, and number of males and females. Regarding to offspring, free T3, SW/BW, IW/BW, and intestinal fluid accumulation were not different between the groups, but T4 was decreased in E1. However, 30-day-old pups from E1 and E2 were smaller with lower stomach and small intestine. Even more, E1 presented a lower ulcer index when compared to the C, while E2 had a higher distal colon transit. It can be concluded that maternal hypothyroidism impaired the total body development, as well as gastric and intestinal development, besides interfering with the susceptibility to the ulcer and intestinal transit of male offspring from Wistar rats.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tapia-Martínez J, Franco-Colín M, Ortiz-Butron R, Pineda-Reynoso M, Cano-Europa E. Hypothyroid offspring replacement with euthyroid wet nurses during lactation improves thyroid programming without modifying metabolic programming. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:199-207. [PMID: 31066757 PMCID: PMC10522202 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the milk quality effect during lactation on the metabolic and thyroid programming of hypothyroid offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: euthyroid and thyroidectomy-caused hypothyroidism. The rats were matted and, one day after birth, the pups were divided into three groups: euthyroid offspring (EO), hypothyroid offspring (HO) and hypothyroid with a euthyroid replacement wet nurse (HRO). During lactation, the milk quality and offspring body length were evaluated. The body weight and energy intake were determined on a weekly basis, as well as the metabolic profile at the prepubertal (P35-36) and postpubertal (P55-56) ages. At P56, the animals were sacrificed, the adipose tissues were weighed and the thyroid glands were dissected for histological processing. RESULTS The milk of the hypothyroid wet nurse decreases proteins (16-26%), lipids (22-29%) and lactate (22-37%) with respect to euthyroid. The HO has a lower body weight gain (23-33%), length (11-13%) and energy intake (15-21%). In addition, HO presents impaired fasting glucose and dyslipidemia, as well as a reduction in seric thyroid hormone (18-34%), adipose reserves (26-68%) and thyroid gland weight (25-34%). The HO present thyroid gland cytoarchitecture alteration. The HRO develop the same metabolic alterations as the HO. However, the thyroid gland dysfunction was partially prevented because the HRO improved under about 10% of the serum thyroid hormone concentration, the thyroid gland weight although histological glandular changes presented. CONCLUSIONS The replacement of hypothyroid offspring with a euthyroid wet nurse during lactation can improve the thyroid programming without modifying metabolic programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Tapia-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de FisiologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de FisiologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Margarita Franco-Colín
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de FisiologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rocio Ortiz-Butron
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de FisiologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marisol Pineda-Reynoso
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de Formación Básica DisciplinariaEscuela Superior de MedicinaInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoAcademía de Histología, Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Superior de Medicina. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar Cano-Europa
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de FisiologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Menezes EC, Santos PR, Goes TC, Carvalho VCB, Teixeira-Silva F, Stevens HE, Badauê-Passos DJ. Effects of a rat model of gestational hypothyroidism on forebrain dopaminergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic systems and related behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2019; 366:77-87. [PMID: 30898681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of maternal hypothyroidism on forebrain dopaminergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic systems and related behavior in adult rat offspring. Experimental gestational hypothyroidism (EGH) was induced by administering 0.02% methimazole (MMI) to pregnant rats from gestational day 9 to delivery. Neurotransmitter-related protein and gene expression were evaluated in offspring forebrain at postnatal day (P) 120. Exploratory behavior, contextual fear conditioning, locomotion, and 30-day reserpine Parkinson induction were assessed from P75-P120. Protein and gene expression assessments of medial prefrontal cortex showed group differences in dopaminergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic receptors, catabolic enzymes, and transporters. Striatum of MMI offspring showed an isolated decrease in the dopaminergic enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase. MMI exposure increased GABA and dopamine receptor expression in amygdala. MMI offspring also had decreased state anxiety and poor contextual fear conditioning. We found that baseline locomotion was not changed, but reserpine treatment significantly reduced locomotion only in MMI offspring. Our results indicated that restriction of maternal thyroid hormones reduced dopaminergic, GABAergic, and serotoninergic forebrain components in offspring. Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency in the striatum may underlie enhanced reserpine induction of Parkinson-like movement in these same offspring. Deficits across different neurotransmitter systems in medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala may underlie decreased state anxiety-like behavior and reduced fear conditioning in offspring, but no changes in trait anxiety-like behavior occurred with maternal MMI exposure. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that adequate delivery of maternal thyroid hormones to the fetus is crucial to the development of the central nervous system critical for emotion and motor regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edênia Cunha Menezes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Rabelo Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Tiago Costa Goes
- Departamento de Educação em Saúde, Campus Prof. Antônio Garcia Filho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49400-000, Lagarto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cibelle Barboza Carvalho
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Flávia Teixeira-Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Psychiatry Department, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa College of Medicine, 69 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Daniel Jr Badauê-Passos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Z, Chen Y, Chen G, Mao X, Wei X, Li X, Xu Y, Jiang F, Wang K, Liu C. Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Young Offspring of Female Rats with Hypothyroidism. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:4713906. [PMID: 30918900 PMCID: PMC6409023 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4713906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Because thyroid hormones from the maternal thyroid glands are known to influence the growth, development, and metabolic functioning of offspring, we used a rat model to preliminarily investigate the effects of maternal hypothyroidism on glucose metabolism, pancreas cell proliferation, and insulin production in young male offspring and the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Female rats were divided into a maternal hypothyroidism (MH) group, which received water containing 0.02% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil before and during pregnancy to induce hypothyroidism, and a control group which consumed tap water. RESULTS Our results showed that there were no differences of islets structure between the offspring from the two groups, but glucose metabolism was impaired with higher plasma glucose concentrations at 0 and 15 min in the OGTT in 8-week-old offspring of the MH group. From birth to 8 weeks, pancreatic TRβ1 and TRβ2 mRNA level declined significantly in MH offspring, accompanied by decreased Ki67 and insulin mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Maternal hypothyroidism results in impaired pancreatic insulin synthesis and pancreatic cell proliferation in neonatal offspring and subsequent glucose intolerance in young offspring, which may be related to TRβ gene downregulation in the pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujun Liu
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Endocrine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- Endocrine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Endocrine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjia Li
- Endocrine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijiao Xu
- Endocrine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- The Third College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bagheripuor F, Ghanbari M, Piryaei A, Ghasemi A. Effects of fetal hypothyroidism on uterine smooth muscle contraction and structure of offspring rats. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:683-692. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bagheripuor
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences; School of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Effects of long-term nitrate supplementation on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation in male obese type 2 diabetic rats. Nitric Oxide 2018; 75:27-41. [PMID: 29432804 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Supplementation with inorganic nitrate to boost the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway, may act as a potential therapeutic agent in diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitrate on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation in obese type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, control + nitrate, diabetes, and diabetes + nitrate. Diabetes was induced using a high-fat diet and low-dose of streptozotocin. Sodium nitrate (100 mg/L in drinking water) was administered simultaneously for two months. Serum levels of fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles were measured every 2-weeks. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured monthly. Serum thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) level and catalase activity were measured before and after treatment. At the end of the study, glucose, pyruvate, and insulin tolerance tests were done. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin content from isolated pancreatic islets were also assessed; mRNA expression of iNOS as well as mRNA expression and protein levels of GLUT4 in insulin-sensitive tissues, and serum IL-1β were determined. RESULTS Nitrate supplementation in diabetic rats significantly improved glucose tolerance, lipid profiles, and catalase activity as well as decreased gluconeogenesis, fasting glucose, insulin, and IL-1β; although it had no significant effect on GSIS, islet insulin content, HbA1c, and serum TBARS. Compared to the controls, in diabetic rats, mRNA expression and protein levels of GLUT4 were significantly lower in the soleus muscle (54% and 34%, respectively) and epididymal adipose tissue (67% and 41%, respectively). In diabetic rats, nitrate administration increased GLUT4 mRNA expression and protein levels in both soleus muscle (215% and 17%, respectively) and epididymal adipose tissue (344% and 22%, respectively). In diabetic rats, nitrate significantly decreased elevated iNOS mRNA expression in both the soleus muscle and epididymal adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Chronic nitrate supplementation in obese type 2 diabetic rats improved glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia; these favorable effects were associated with increased mRNA and protein expression of GLUT4 and decreased mRNA expression of iNOS in insulin-sensitive tissues, and with decreased gluconeogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen C, Xie Z, Shen Y, Xia SF. The Roles of Thyroid and Thyroid Hormone in Pancreas: Physiology and Pathology. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2861034. [PMID: 30013597 PMCID: PMC6022313 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2861034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that thyroid hormones (THs), secreted from the thyroid, play important roles in energy metabolism. It is also known that THs also alter the functioning of other endocrine glands; however, their effects on pancreatic function have not yet been reviewed. One of the main functions of the pancreas is insulin secretion, which is altered in diabetes. Diabetes, therefore, could be related to thyroid dysfunction. Earlier research on this subject focused on TH regulation of pancreas function (such as insulin secretion) or on insulin function through TH-mediated increase of energy metabolism. Afterwards, epidemiological investigations and animal test research found a link between autoimmune diseases, thyroid dysfunction, and pancreas pathology; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that THs also play important roles in pancreas development and on islet pathology, both in diabetes and in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, an overview of the effects of thyroid and THs on pancreas physiology and pathology is presented. The topics contained in this review include a summary of the relationship between autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune pancreas lesions and the effects of THs on pancreas development and pancreas pathology (diabetes and pancreatic cancer).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Avenue 475004, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yingbin Shen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Fang Xia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Samadi R, Ghanbari M, Shafiei B, Gheibi S, Azizi F, Ghasemi A. High dose of radioactive iodine per se has no effect on glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized rats. Endocrine 2017; 56:399-407. [PMID: 28283939 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid concentrates radioactive iodine by sodium-iodide symporter; this is used for treating hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Pancreas expresses NIS and radioactive iodine uptake may damage pancreatic beta-cells and predispose patients to type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether radioactive iodine is associated with glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 10/each); control, thyroidectomized, thyroidectomized-treated with 131-I (TX+I), and thyroidectomized-treated with 131-I and L-thyroxine (TX+I+T4). At the end of study, serum fasting glucose, insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free tetraiodothyronine were measured, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance was calculated. In in vitro experiments, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets and sodium-iodide symporter mRNA expression in thyroid and islets were determined. RESULTS Compared to control group, free tetraiodothyronine was lower by 41 and 77% and thyroid-stimulating hormone was higher by 36 and 126% in thyroidectomized and TX+I groups, respectively. Compared to controls, rats in TX+I group had glucose intolerance as assessed using the area under curve of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (12,376 ± 542 vs. 20,769 ± 1070, P < 0.001) and L-thyroxine replacement therapy restored the value (14,286 ± 328.24) to near normal. Fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were comparable in all groups, however fasting glucose was higher in TX+I group. In in vitro experiments, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from islets did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Radioactive iodine therapy per se had no effect on glucose metabolism, just intensified thyroid hormone deficiency and the alterations on glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized rats. L-thyroxine therapy restored the glucose intolerance observed in radioactive iodine-treated thyroidectomized rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roghaieh Samadi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Shafiei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harris SE, De Blasio MJ, Davis MA, Kelly AC, Davenport HM, Wooding FBP, Blache D, Meredith D, Anderson M, Fowden AL, Limesand SW, Forhead AJ. Hypothyroidism in utero stimulates pancreatic beta cell proliferation and hyperinsulinaemia in the ovine fetus during late gestation. J Physiol 2017; 595:3331-3343. [PMID: 28144955 PMCID: PMC5451716 DOI: 10.1113/jp273555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Thyroid hormones are important regulators of growth and maturation before birth, although the extent to which their actions are mediated by insulin and the development of pancreatic beta cell mass is unknown. Hypothyroidism in fetal sheep induced by removal of the thyroid gland caused asymmetric organ growth, increased pancreatic beta cell mass and proliferation, and was associated with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and leptin. In isolated fetal sheep islets studied in vitro, thyroid hormones inhibited beta cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, while high concentrations of insulin and leptin stimulated proliferation. The developing pancreatic beta cell is therefore sensitive to thyroid hormone, insulin and leptin before birth, with possible consequences for pancreatic function in fetal and later life. The findings of this study highlight the importance of thyroid hormones during pregnancy for normal development of the fetal pancreas.
Abstract Development of pancreatic beta cell mass before birth is essential for normal growth of the fetus and for long‐term control of carbohydrate metabolism in postnatal life. Thyroid hormones are also important regulators of fetal growth, and the present study tested the hypotheses that thyroid hormones promote beta cell proliferation in the fetal ovine pancreatic islets, and that growth retardation in hypothyroid fetal sheep is associated with reductions in pancreatic beta cell mass and circulating insulin concentration in utero. Organ growth and pancreatic islet cell proliferation and mass were examined in sheep fetuses following removal of the thyroid gland in utero. The effects of triiodothyronine (T3), insulin and leptin on beta cell proliferation rates were determined in isolated fetal ovine pancreatic islets in vitro. Hypothyroidism in the sheep fetus resulted in an asymmetric pattern of organ growth, pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia, and elevated plasma insulin and leptin concentrations. In pancreatic islets isolated from intact fetal sheep, beta cell proliferation in vitro was reduced by T3 in a dose‐dependent manner and increased by insulin at high concentrations only. Leptin induced a bimodal response whereby beta cell proliferation was suppressed at the lowest, and increased at the highest, concentrations. Therefore, proliferation of beta cells isolated from the ovine fetal pancreas is sensitive to physiological concentrations of T3, insulin and leptin. Alterations in these hormones may be responsible for the increased beta cell proliferation and mass observed in the hypothyroid sheep fetus and may have consequences for pancreatic function in later life. Thyroid hormones are important regulators of growth and maturation before birth, although the extent to which their actions are mediated by insulin and the development of pancreatic beta cell mass is unknown. Hypothyroidism in fetal sheep induced by removal of the thyroid gland caused asymmetric organ growth, increased pancreatic beta cell mass and proliferation, and was associated with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and leptin. In isolated fetal sheep islets studied in vitro, thyroid hormones inhibited beta cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, while high concentrations of insulin and leptin stimulated proliferation. The developing pancreatic beta cell is therefore sensitive to thyroid hormone, insulin and leptin before birth, with possible consequences for pancreatic function in fetal and later life. The findings of this study highlight the importance of thyroid hormones during pregnancy for normal development of the fetal pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E Harris
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Melissa A Davis
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Amy C Kelly
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Hailey M Davenport
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - F B Peter Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, Australia
| | - David Meredith
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Miranda Anderson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Sean W Limesand
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gheibi S, Bakhtiarzadeh F, Jeddi S, Farrokhfall K, Zardooz H, Ghasemi A. Nitrite increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet insulin content in obese type 2 diabetic male rats. Nitric Oxide 2017; 64:39-51. [PMID: 28089828 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is associated with pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Nitrite can act as a substrate for generation of systemic NO. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of nitrite administration on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and islet insulin content in obese type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Male rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, control + nitrite, diabetes, and diabetes + nitrite. Sodium nitrite (50 mg/L in drinking water) was administered for 8 weeks. Diabetes was induced using high-fat diet and low-dose of streptozotocine. Serum levels of fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured and the insulin resistance/sensitivity indices were calculated every 2 weeks. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) was measured every month. At the end of the study, tissue levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein and serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were measured as well as glucose and insulin tolerance test were done. GSIS from isolated pancreatic islets and islet insulin content were also determined. RESULTS Nitrite administration significantly increased insulin secretion in both control and diabetic rats in presence of 16.7 mM glucose. Nitrite also significantly increased islet insulin content by 27% and 39% in both control and diabetic rats, respectively. Nitrite decreased elevated serum IL-1β in diabetic rats (4.0 ± 0.2 vs. 2.9 ± 0.2 pg/mL, P = 0.001). In diabetic rats, nitrite also significantly increased tissue levels of GLUT4 by 22% and 26% in soleus muscle and epididymal adipose tissue, respectively. In addition, nitrite significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and decreased fasting glucose and insulin, but had no effect on HbA1C. CONCLUSIONS Long-term nitrite administration increased both insulin secretion and insulin content in obese type 2 diabetic rats. In addition, nitrite therapy had favorable effects on glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, inflammation, and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Gheibi
- Neurophysiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bakhtiarzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Farrokhfall
- Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- Neurophysiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Safayee S, Karbalaei N, Noorafshan A, Nadimi E. Induction of oxidative stress, suppression of glucose-induced insulin release, ATP production, glucokinase activity, and histomorphometric changes in pancreatic islets of hypothyroid rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:147-156. [PMID: 27568837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones have important role in metabolism and impairment of glucose metabolism and insulin secretion has been shown in hypothyroid rats but the exact mechanisms for this defect are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypothyroidism on oxidative stress parameters, insulin secretory pathway and histomorphometric changes of pancreas. In the isolated islets of the control and methimazole -treated hypothyroid insulin secretion and content, ATP production, Glucokinase, and hexokinase specific activity and kATP and L-type channels sensitivity were assayed. In order to determine oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were measured in pancreatic homogenates. Histomorphometric changes and histochemistry of the islet in both groups were compared. Results showed that plasma glucose and insulin concentration and their area under the curve during IPGTT in hypothyroid group were respectively higher and lower than the controls. In the hypothyroid islets, glucose stimulated insulin secretion, ATP production, hexokinase and glucokinase activities were decreased. Hypothyroid induced a significant increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity. Compared with the control group, insulin antibody positivity, the total volume of the pancreas, islets, and the total number as well as the mean volume of the beta cells were also significantly decreased in the hypothyroid group. These findings indicate that oxidative stress produced under hypothyroidism could have a role in progression of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, reduced beta cell mass and decreased glucokinase activity, impairing glucose tolerance and insulin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Safayee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karbalaei
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Nadimi
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karbalaei N, Noorafshan A, Hoshmandi E. Impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and reduced β-cell mass in pancreatic islets of hyperthyroid rats. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:1114-27. [PMID: 27060234 DOI: 10.1113/ep085627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Thyroid dysfunction can have a major impact on pancreatic function. The influence of hyperthyroidism on insulin secretion remains controversial, and the precise mechanism of its effect has not yet been elucidated. What is the main finding and its importance? The results of this study demonstrate that hyperthyroidism leads to impaired insulin secretion. It appears that the defect in insulin secretion in the hyperthyroid state probably reflects a summation of different alterations, including decreased sensitivity of ATP-sensitive K(+) and L-type Ca(2+) channels of the β-cells and reduced β-cell mass. To clarify the mechanism underlying the effect of thyroid hormone excess on pancreatic insulin secretion and abnormal glucose tolerance induced by hyperthyroidism, we investigated the effect of hyperthyroidism on the pancreatic β-cell mass and two key components of the insulin secretory pathway, ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP ) and L-type Ca(2+) channels. In control and levothyroxine-treated hyperthyroid rats, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed, and the insulin secretion and content of the isolated islets were assayed. In order to determine the effect of hyperthyroidism on KATP and L-type Ca(2+) channels, isolated islets were exposed to specific pharmacological agents, including glibenclamide (KATP channel blocker), diazoxide (KATP channel opener) and nifedipine (L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker). Histomorphometric changes and histochemistry of the islet in both groups were compared. Our data indicated that plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in the hyperthyroid group were, respectively, higher and lower than in the control group. Insulin secretion and content of the hyperthyroid islets were reduced. The response of hyperthyroid islets to glibenclamide, diazoxide and nifedipine and the percentage change in insulin secretion were lower than those of the control islets. Despite the increase in weight and total volume of the pancreas, the volume of the islets and the total number of insulin-positive cells in hyperthyroid rats were reduced. Our data indicated that reduced insulin secretion in the hyperthyroid group might arise from reduced β-cell mass and an abnormality in some parts of the insulin secretory pathway, including KATP and L-type Ca(2+) channel function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Karbalaei
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hoshmandi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bruin JE, Saber N, O'Dwyer S, Fox JK, Mojibian M, Arora P, Rezania A, Kieffer TJ. Hypothyroidism Impairs Human Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Progenitor Cell Maturation in Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:1297-309. [PMID: 26740603 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential source of transplantable cells for treating diabetes and are currently being tested in clinical trials. Yet, how the milieu of pancreatic progenitor cells, including exposure to different factors after transplant, may influence their maturation remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of thyroid dysregulation on the development of hESC-derived progenitor cells in vivo. Hypothyroidism was generated in SCID-beige mice using an iodine-deficient diet containing 0.15% propyl-2-thiouracil, and hyperthyroidism was generated by addition of L-thyroxine (T4) to drinking water. All mice received macroencapsulated hESC-derived progenitor cells, and thyroid dysfunction was maintained for the duration of the study ("chronic") or for 4 weeks posttransplant ("acute"). Acute hyperthyroidism did not affect graft function, but acute hypothyroidism transiently impaired human C-peptide secretion at 16 weeks posttransplant. Chronic hypothyroidism resulted in severely blunted basal human C-peptide secretion, impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and elevated plasma glucagon levels. Grafts from chronic hypothyroid mice contained fewer β-cells, heterogenous MAFA expression, and increased glucagon(+) and ghrelin(+) cells compared to grafts from euthyroid mice. Taken together, these data suggest that long-term thyroid hormone deficiency may drive the differentiation of human pancreatic progenitor cells toward α- and ε-cell lineages at the expense of β-cell formation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antithyroid Agents/poisoning
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Cells, Immobilized/cytology
- Cells, Immobilized/pathology
- Cells, Immobilized/transplantation
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/surgery
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heterografts/cytology
- Heterografts/metabolism
- Heterografts/pathology
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/pathology
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Humans
- Hyperthyroidism/chemically induced
- Hyperthyroidism/complications
- Hypothyroidism/complications
- Hypothyroidism/etiology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/transplantation
- Iodine/deficiency
- Male
- Mice, SCID
- Propylthiouracil/poisoning
- Random Allocation
- Thyroxine/poisoning
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Transplantation, Heterotopic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Bruin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nelly Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon O'Dwyer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica K Fox
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Majid Mojibian
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Payal Arora
- BetaLogics Venture, Janssen R&D, LLC, Raritan, NJ
| | | | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effect of fetal hypothyroidism on tolerance to ischemia–reperfusion injury in aged male rats: Role of nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
20
|
Bagheripuor F, Ghanbari M, Zahediasl S, Ghasemi A. Comparison of the effects of fetal hypothyroidism on glucose tolerance in male and female rat offspring. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:179-85. [PMID: 25649149 PMCID: PMC10717632 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are vital for survival of mammalian species and play critical roles in growth, development, and metabolism. Both fetal hypothyroidism and sex can affect carbohydrate metabolism during adult life. This study aims to assess carbohydrate metabolism in male and female offspring born from mothers who were hypothyroid during pregnancy. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups; the controls consumed water and the hypothyroid group received water containing 0.025 % 6-propyl-2-thiouracial throughout gestation. The intravenous glucose tolerance test (0.5 g/kg glucose) was carried out in 3-month-old offspring. Findings showed that compared to controls, male fetal hypothyroid rats during adulthood had glucose intolerance (area under the curve: 446.4 ± 9.7 vs. 486.4 ± 8.8, p < 0.01 in control and fetal hypothyroid groups, respectively) whereas females had improved glucose tolerance (478.1 ± 7.0 vs. 455.9 ± 8.5, p < 0.01). In conclusion, sex could modulate the effects of fetal hypothyroidism on glucose tolerance in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bagheripuor
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saleh Zahediasl
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|