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Xu E, Jouannic JM, Alison M, Ancel PY, Friszer S, Rousseau J, Guilbaud L, Adamsbaum C, Goffinet F, Blondiaux E. Analysis of MRI brain biometrics in fetuses monitored for intra uterine growth restriction and their prognostic value: Results of a prospective multicenter study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 298:91-97. [PMID: 38735121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Show a prognostic value of brain changes in fetuses with intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR) on early neonatal outcome. STUDY DESIGN We prospectively recruited pregnant women whose fetuses presented fetal weight < 5th centile. A brain MRI was performed between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation (WG). Several brain biometrics were measured (as fronto-occipital diameter (FOD) and transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD)). Neonatal prognosis was evaluated according to a composite criterion. RESULTS Of the 78 patients included, 62 had a fetal brain MRI. The mean centile value of FOD was lower in the unfavorable outcome group (n = 9) compared to the favorable outcome group (n = 53) (24.5 ± 16.8 vs. 8.6 ± 13.2, p = 0.004). The ROC curve for predicting risk of unfavorable neonatal outcome based on FOD presented an area under the curve of 0.81 (95 % CI, [0.63---0.99]) and a threshold determined at the 3rd centile was associated with sensitivity of 0.78 and a specificity of 0.89. In multivariate analysis, a FOD less than the 3rd centile was significantly associated with an unfavorable neonatal risk. There also was a reduction in TCD (25.5 ± 21.5 vs. 10.4 ± 10.4, p = 0.03) in the unfavorable neonatal outcome group. CONCLUSION We found an association between a reduction in FOD and TCD in fetal MRIs conducted between 28 and 32 WG in fetuses monitored for IUGR with an unfavorable neonatal outcome. Our results suggest that these biometric changes could constitute markers of poor neonatal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Xu
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, GRC IMAGES, Médecine Sorbonne Université, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Jouannic
- Service de Médecine Fœtale, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Médecine Sorbonne Université, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Alison
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris France
| | - Pierre-Yves Ancel
- Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Team and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (U1153), INSERM and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Unité de recherche clinique, CIC-Mère enfant, AP-HP, FHU PREMA, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Friszer
- Service de Médecine Fœtale, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Médecine Sorbonne Université, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Rousseau
- Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Team and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (U1153), INSERM and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Guilbaud
- Service de Médecine Fœtale, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Médecine Sorbonne Université, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Adamsbaum
- Service de Radiopédiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - François Goffinet
- Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Team and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (U1153), INSERM and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Maternité Port Royal, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, DHU Risques et Grossesse, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Eléonore Blondiaux
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, GRC IMAGES, Médecine Sorbonne Université, APHP, Paris, France.
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Jiang ZD, Wang C, Jiang JK. Postnatal functional integrity of the brainstem auditory pathway in late preterm infants born of small-for-gestation age: how different from those born of appropriate-for-gestation. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:3041-3051. [PMID: 38652266 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
It is unclear whether there is any postnatal abnormality in brainstem auditory function in late preterm small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. We investigated the functional integrity of the brainstem auditory pathway at 4 months after term in late preterm SGA infants and defined differences from appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants. The maximum length sequence brainstem evoked response (MLS BAER) was recorded and analyzed in 24 SGA (birthweight < 3rd centile) infants and 28 AGA infants (birthweight > 10th centile). All infants were born at 33-36-week gestation without major perinatal and postnatal problems. We found that I-V interval in SGA infants was shorter than in AGA infants at higher click rates and significantly shorter at the highest rate of 910/s. Of the two smaller intervals, I-III interval was significantly shorter in SGA infants than in AGA infants at higher click rates of 455 and 910/s clicks, whereas III-V interval was similar in the two groups. The III-V/I-III interval ratio in SGA infants tended to be greater than in AGA infants at all rates and was significantly greater at 455 and 910/s clicks. The slope of I-III interval-rate functions in SGA infants was moderately smaller than in AGA infants. Conclusions: The main and fundamental difference between late preterm SGA and AGA infants was a significant shortening in the MLS BAER I-III interval in SGA infants at higher click rates, suggesting moderately faster neural conduction in the caudal brainstem regions. Postnatal neural maturation in the caudal brainstem regions is moderately accelerated in late preterm SGA infants. What is Known: • At 40 weeks of postconceptional age, late preterm SGA infants manifested a mild delay in neural conduction in the auditory brainstem. What is New: • At 56 weeks of postconceptional age, late preterm SGA infants manifested moderately faster neural conduction in the caudal brainstem regions. • Postnatal neural maturation is moderately accelerated in the caudal brainstem regions of late preterm SGA infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Dong Jiang
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201112, China.
| | - Cui Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - James K Jiang
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201112, China
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Borairi S, Ozdemir B, Jenkins J, Shah PS, Kingdom J, Ganea P. A follow up investigation of placental pathology, responsive parenting, and preschool children's executive functioning and language development. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:684-701. [PMID: 37811813 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2264535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite documented effects linking underlying placental diseases and neurological impairments in children, little is known about the long-term effects of placental pathology on children's neurocognitive outcomes. In addition, maternal responsivity, known to positively influence early postnatal cognitive development, may act to protect children from putative adverse effects of placental pathology. The current study is a follow up of medically healthy, term born, preschool age children, born with placental pathology. A sample of 118 children (45 comparison children with normal placental findings, 73 born with placental pathology) were followed when children were 3-4 years old. In comparison to children born to mothers with normal placentas, placental pathology was associated with poorer performance in the executive function involving cognitive flexibility, but not inhibitory control or receptive language. Maternal responsivity was observed to be marginally protective on the impact of placental pathology risk on cognitive flexibility, but this was not seen for either inhibitory control or receptive language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Borairi
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Begum Ozdemir
- Department of Psychology, Maltepe University, Maltepe, Turkey
| | - Jennifer Jenkins
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patricia Ganea
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Blok EL, Burger RJ, Bergeijk JEV, Bourgonje AR, Goor HV, Ganzevoort W, Gordijn SJ. Oxidative stress biomarkers for fetal growth restriction in umbilical cord blood: A scoping review. Placenta 2024; 154:88-109. [PMID: 38943922 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction and underlying placental insufficiency are associated with increased oxidative stress. Current diagnostics fail to identify all growth restricted fetuses and newborns, due to focus on small size. This scoping review aims to summarize the available evidence on usefulness of cord blood oxidative stress biomarkers for identification of growth restricted newborns in need of monitoring and support because of associated health risks. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from inception to May 2024. Studies were included if oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in cord blood collected immediately after delivery in newborns suspected to be growth restricted. Biomarkers were categorized based on the origin and/or biological function and their interrelationships. Oxidative stress was determined for each individual biomarker and category. Literature search identified 78 studies on 39 different biomarkers, with a total of 2707 newborns with suspected growth restriction, and 4568 controls. Total oxidant/antioxidant status, catalase, glutathione, ischemia-modified albumin, and nucleated red blood cells were most consistently associated with suspected growth restriction. Reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species, factors in their production, antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and products of oxidative stress were not consistently associated. This review collates the evidence of associations between cord blood oxidative stress biomarkers and growth restriction. Total oxidant/antioxidant status, catalase, glutathione, ischemia-modified albumin, and nucleated red blood cells could potentially be candidates for developing a cord blood diagnostic tool for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien L Blok
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Renée J Burger
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jenny E Van Bergeijk
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Arno R Bourgonje
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Harry Van Goor
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Wessel Ganzevoort
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sanne J Gordijn
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Borba VSD, Barbosa SC, Kupski L, Primel EG. Acrylamide, hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural in ready-to-eat foods consumed by child population: Presence, risk assessment and future perspectives. Food Chem 2024; 457:140086. [PMID: 38936121 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Food intake contributes to adequate growth and neurodevelopment of children. Ready-to-eat foods, frequently consumed by this population, are sources of acrylamide (AA), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (FF). In this sense, a review of the AA, HMF, and FF presence in ready-to-eat foods was evaluated through a systematic search to infer the risk of exposure in the child population. About 75.8%, 24.2%, and 21% of the studies found AA, HMF, and FF in ready-to-eat foods, respectively. AA is predominant in processed and ultra-processed foods, while HMF and FF are commonly found in fruit-based foods. Only 17.7% of the studies assessed the children's risk of exposure, based on the contaminant concentration in ready-to-eat food and not after gastrointestinal digestion, a more realistic measure. Therefore, with the obtained information and found gaps, it is expected that new strategies will be proposed to assess the vulnerability of the child population to these processing contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Simões de Borba
- Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Sergiane Caldas Barbosa
- Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Larine Kupski
- Laboratório de Micotoxinas e Ciência de Alimentos (LAMCA), Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Whitlock A, Moskowitzova K, Kycia I, Zurakowski D, Fauza DO. Transamniotic Stem Cell Therapy (TRASCET) Modulates Uterine Natural Killer Cell (uNK) Activity in the Hypoxia Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR). Stem Cells Dev 2024. [PMID: 38874223 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) pathophysiology is driven by abnormal uterine natural killer cell (uNK) activity leading to placental dysfunction. Transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can improve experimental IUGR by mechanisms not fully understood. We sought to examine TRASCET's effects in downstream products of uNKs in a model of IUGR. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley dams were exposed to alternating hypoxia (10.5% O2) from gestational-day 15 (E15) until term (E21). Their fetuses (n=189) were divided into 4 groups. One group remained untreated (n=52), while three groups received volume-matched intra-amniotic injections of either saline (sham, n=44), or a suspension of amniotic fluid-derived MSCs, either in their native state (TRASCET, n=50) or "primed" to an enhanced anti-inflammatory phenotype (TRASCET-Primed, n=43). Normal fetuses served as controls (n=33). At term, various analyses were performed, including ELISA for surrogates of placental inflammation and uNK activity. Statistical comparisons included Bonferroni-adjusted criterion. Overall survival from hypoxia was 74% (140/189). Placental efficiency was lower in untreated and sham but normalized in both TRASCET groups (p<0.001-0.469). Interleukin-17, a stimulator of uNK cells, was elevated from normal in all groups (p<0.001 for all). Interferon-gamma, released from activated uNK cells, was elevated in all groups except sham, but lower than the untreated in both TRASCET groups (p=<0.001-0.062). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, also produced by uNKs, was elevated in untreated and sham (p<0.001 for both), but normalized by TRASCET (p=0.054) and even lowered from normal in TRASCET-Primed (p<0.001). Vascular endothelial growth factor, also released by uNKs, was elevated in untreated and sham but lower than normal in both TRASCET groups (p<0.001 for all). We conclude that TRASCET with MSCs modulates the activity of placental uNK cells in experimental IUGR, with distinct effects on their downstream products. This mechanistic insight may inform the development of novel strategies for the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Whitlock
- Boston Children's Hospital, Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | | | - Ina Kycia
- Boston Children's Hospital, Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - David Zurakowski
- Boston Children's Hospital, Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Dario O Fauza
- Boston Children's Hospital Department of Surgery, Surgery, 300 Longwood Ave., Fegan 3, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115;
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Ribeiro IT, Fioretto MN, Dos Santos SAA, Colombelli KT, Portela LMF, Niz Alvarez MV, de Magalhães Padilha P, Delgado AQ, Marques MVLSG, Bosqueiro JR, Seiva FRF, Barbisan LF, de Andrade Paes AM, Zambrano E, Justulin LA. Maternal protein restriction combined with postnatal sugar consumption alters liver proteomic profile and metabolic pathways in adult male offspring rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112316. [PMID: 38880278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of maternal protein restriction (MPR) and early postnatal sugar consumption (SUG) on the liver health of adult male descendant rats. Male offspring of mothers fed a normal protein diet (NPD) or a low protein diet (LPD) were divided into four groups: Control (CTR), Sugar Control (CTR + SUG), LPD during gestation and lactation (GLLP), and LPD with sugar (GLLP + SUG). Sugar consumption (10% glucose diluted in water) began after weaning on day 21 (PND 21), and at 90 days (PND 90), rats were sacrificed for analysis. Sugar intake reduced food intake and increased water consumption in CTR + SUG and GLLP + SUG compared to CTR and GLLP. GLLP and GLLP + SUG groups showed lower body weight and total and retroperitoneal fat compared to CTR and CTR + SUG. CTR + SUG and GLLP + SUG groups exhibited hepatocyte vacuolization associated with increased hepatic glycogen content compared to CTR and GLLP. Hepatic catalase activity increased in GLLP compared to CTR. Proteomic analysis identified 223 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among experimental groups. While in the GLLP group, the DEPs enriched molecular pathways related to cellular stress, glycogen metabolic pathways were enriched in the GLLP + SUG and CTR + SUG groups. The association of sugar consumption amplifies the effects of MPR, deregulating molecular mechanisms related to metabolism and the antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Tenori Ribeiro
- UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Naia Fioretto
- UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Alexandre Alcantara Dos Santos
- UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Ketlin Thassiani Colombelli
- UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Marcos Frediani Portela
- UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro de Magalhães Padilha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Aislan Quintiliano Delgado
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto Bosqueiro
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elena Zambrano
- Department Reproductive Biology, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Antonio Justulin
- UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Biouss G, Antounians L, Aguet J, Kopcalic K, Fakhari N, Baranger J, Mertens L, Villemain O, Zani A. The brain of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia shows signs of hypoxic injury with loss of progenitor cells, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13680. [PMID: 38871804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect characterized by incomplete closure of the diaphragm, herniation of abdominal organs into the chest, and compression of the lungs and the heart. Besides complications related to pulmonary hypoplasia, 1 in 4 survivors develop neurodevelopmental impairment, whose etiology remains unclear. Using a fetal rat model of CDH, we demonstrated that the compression exerted by herniated organs on the mediastinal structures results in decreased brain perfusion on ultrafast ultrasound, cerebral hypoxia with compensatory angiogenesis, mature neuron and oligodendrocyte loss, and activated microglia. In CDH fetuses, apoptosis was prominent in the subventricular and subgranular zones, areas that are key for neurogenesis. We validated these findings in the autopsy samples of four human fetuses with CDH compared to age- and sex-matched controls. This study reveals the molecular mechanisms and cellular changes that occur in the brain of fetuses with CDH and creates opportunities for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Biouss
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Julien Aguet
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 263 McCaul Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1W7, Canada
| | - Katarina Kopcalic
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Nikan Fakhari
- Translation Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jerome Baranger
- Translation Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Luc Mertens
- Translation Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Olivier Villemain
- Translation Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Augusto Zani
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Darby JRT, Saini BS, Holman SL, Hammond SJ, Perumal SR, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Morrison JL. Acute-on-chronic: using magnetic resonance imaging to disentangle the haemodynamic responses to acute and chronic fetal hypoxaemia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1340012. [PMID: 38933113 PMCID: PMC11199546 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1340012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The fetal haemodynamic response to acute episodes of hypoxaemia are well characterised. However, how these responses change when the hypoxaemia becomes more chronic in nature such as that associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR), is less well understood. Herein, we utilised a combination of clinically relevant MRI techniques to comprehensively characterize and differentiate the haemodynamic responses occurring during acute and chronic periods of fetal hypoxaemia. Methods Prior to conception, carunclectomy surgery was performed on non-pregnant ewes to induce FGR. At 108-110 days (d) gestational age (GA), pregnant ewes bearing control (n = 12) and FGR (n = 9) fetuses underwent fetal catheterisation surgery. At 117-119 days GA, ewes underwent MRI sessions where phase-contrast (PC) and T2 oximetry were used to measure blood flow and oxygenation, respectively, throughout the fetal circulation during a normoxia and then an acute hypoxia state. Results Fetal oxygen delivery (DO2) was lower in FGR fetuses than controls during the normoxia state but cerebral DO2 remained similar between fetal groups. Acute hypoxia reduced both overall fetal and cerebral DO2. FGR increased ductus venosus (DV) and foramen ovale (FO) blood flow during both the normoxia and acute hypoxia states. Pulmonary blood flow (PBF) was lower in FGR fetuses during the normoxia state but similar to controls during the acute hypoxia state when PBF in controls was decreased. Conclusion Despite a prevailing level of chronic hypoxaemia, the FGR fetus upregulates the preferential streaming of oxygen-rich blood via the DV-FO pathway to maintain cerebral DO2. However, this upregulation is unable to maintain cerebral DO2 during further exposure to an acute episode of hypoxaemia. The haemodynamic alterations required at the level of the liver and lung to allow the DV-FO pathway to maintain cerebral DO2, may have lasting consequences on hepatic function and pulmonary vascular regulation after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brahmdeep S. Saini
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stacey L. Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Hammond
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sunthara Rajan Perumal
- Preclinical, Imaging & Research Laboratories, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher K. Macgowan
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Guellec I, Brunet A, Lapillonne A, Taine M, Torchin H, Favrais G, Gascoin G, Simon L, Heude B, Scherdel P, Kayem G, Delorme P, Jarreau PH, Ancel PY. Birth weight and head circumference discordance and outcome in preterms: results from the EPIPAGE-2 cohort. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:503-509. [PMID: 38408861 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the relative measurement of birth weight (BW) and head circumference (HC) in preterm infants is associated with neurological outcomes. METHODS The EPIPAGE-2 Study included 3473 infants born before 32 weeks' gestation, classified based on their Z-score of BW and HC on the Fenton curves as concordant (≤1 SD apart) or discordant (>1 SD difference). We defined four mutually exclusive categories: discordant smaller BW (sBW) with BW-1SD and concordant small measurement (CsM) with BW and HC concordant and both ≤-1SD. Neurological outcomes at 5.5 years were evaluated with standard tests. RESULTS 2592 (74.8%) preterm neonates were categorised as CM, 258 (7.4%) CsM, 378 (10.9%) sHC and 239 (6.9%) sBW. Compared with the CM children, those born with CsM had significantly higher risks of cognitive deficiency (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.3, 95% CI (1.0 to 2.0)), developmental coordination disorders (aOR 2.6 (1.5 to 4.4)) and need for special school services (aOR 2.3 (1.5 to 3.7)). Those born with sBW had significantly lower risk of cognitive deficiency (aOR 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)) and the sHC group significantly higher risk of developmental coordination disorders (aOR 1.8 (1.0 to 3.2)). CONCLUSIONS The relative discordance of these preterm infants' BW and HC was associated with their neurological outcomes. It merits further exploration as an indirect indicator of development. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03078439.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Guellec
- Epope Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Nice Cote d'Azur University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Adelaide Brunet
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Port Royal University Hospital, Assistance publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Marion Taine
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Héloïse Torchin
- Epope Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Port Royal University Hospital, Assistance publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Geraldine Favrais
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Géraldine Gascoin
- Neonatal Intensive Care, University Hospital Centre Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Simon
- Department of Neonatalogy, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- INRAE, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Scherdel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Kayem
- Epope Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Delorme
- Epope Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jarreau
- Epope Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Port Royal University Hospital, Assistance publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Ancel
- Epope Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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11
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Mabry SA, Pavon N. Exploring the prospects, advancements, and challenges of in vitro modeling of the heart-brain axis. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1386355. [PMID: 38766369 PMCID: PMC11099243 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1386355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on bidirectional communication between the heart and brain has often relied on studies involving nonhuman animals. Dependance on animal models offer limited applicability to humans and a lack of high-throughput screening. Recently, the field of 3D cell biology, specifically organoid technology, has rapidly emerged as a valuable tool for studying interactions across organ systems, i.e., gut-brain axis. The initial success of organoid models indicates the usefulness of 3D cultures for elucidating the intricate interactivity of the autonomic nervous system and overall health. This perspective aims to explore the potential of advancing in vitro modeling of the heart-brain axis by discussing the benefits, applications, and adaptability of organoid technologies. We closely examine the current state of brain organoids in conjunction with the advancements of cardiac organoids. Moreover, we explore the use of combined organoid systems to investigate pathophysiology and provide a platform for treatment discovery. Finally, we address the challenges that accompany the use of 3D models for studying the heart-brain axis with an emphasis on generating tailored engineering strategies for further refinement of dynamic organ system modeling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senegal Alfred Mabry
- Affect and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Human Development, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Narciso Pavon
- ChangHui Pak Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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12
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Feng Z, Zhou R, Xia W, Wang S, Liu Y, Huang Z, Gan H. PDFF-CNN: An attention-guided dynamic multi-orientation feature fusion method for gestational age prediction on imbalanced fetal brain MRI dataset. Med Phys 2024; 51:3480-3494. [PMID: 38043088 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based gestational age prediction has been widely used to characterize normal fetal brain development and diagnose congenital brain malformations. PURPOSE The uncertainty of fetal position and external interference leads to variable localization and direction of the fetal brain. In addition, pregnant women typically concentrate on receiving MRI scans during the fetal anomaly scanning week, leading to an imbalanced distribution of fetal brain MRI data. The above-mentioned problems pose great challenges for deep learning-based fetal brain MRI gestational age prediction. METHODS In this study, a pyramid squeeze attention (PSA)-guided dynamic feature fusion CNN (PDFF-CNN) is proposed to robustly predict gestational ages from fetal brain MRI images on an imbalanced dataset. PDFF-CNN contains four components: transformation module, feature extraction module, dynamic feature fusion module, and balanced mean square error (MSE) loss. The transformation and feature extraction modules are employed by using the PSA to learn multiscale and multi-orientation feature representations in a parallel weight-sharing Siamese network. The dynamic feature fusion module automatically learns the weights of feature vectors generated in the feature extraction module to dynamically fuse multiscale and multi-orientation brain sulci and gyri features. Considering the fact of the imbalanced dataset, the balanced MSE loss is used to mitigate the negative impact of imbalanced data distribution on gestational age prediction performance. RESULTS Evaluated on an imbalanced fetal brain MRI dataset of 1327 routine clinical T2-weighted MRI images from 157 subjects, PDFF-CNN achieved promising gestational age prediction performance with an overall mean absolute error of 0.848 weeks and anR 2 $R^2$ of 0.904. Furthermore, the attention activation maps of PDFF-CNN were derived, which revealed regional features that contributed to gestational age prediction at each gestational stage. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the proposed PDFF-CNN might have broad clinical applicability in guiding treatment interventions and delivery planning, which has the potential to be helpful with prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Feng
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Zhou
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siru Wang
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Gan
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Malhotra A, Rocha AKAA, Yawno T, Sutherland AE, Allison BJ, Nitsos I, Pham Y, Jenkin G, Castillo-Melendez M, Miller SL. Neuroprotective effects of maternal melatonin administration in early-onset placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1510-1518. [PMID: 38225450 PMCID: PMC11126390 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with adverse outcomes. We hypothesised that maternal melatonin administration will improve fetal brain structure in FGR. METHODS Surgery was performed on twin-bearing ewes at 88 days (0.6 gestation), and FGR induced in one twin via single umbilical artery ligation. Melatonin was administered intravenously (6 mg/day) to a group of ewes commencing on day of surgery until 127 days (0.85 gestation), when the ewe/fetuses were euthanized, and fetal brains collected. RESULTS Study groups were control (n = 5), FGR (n = 5), control+melatonin (control+MLT; n = 6) and FGR+melatonin (FGR + MLT; n = 6). Melatonin administration did not significantly alter fetal body or brain weights. Myelin (CNPase+) fibre density was reduced in FGR vs. control animals in most brain regions examined (p < 0.05) and melatonin treatment restored CNPase fibre density. Similar but less pronounced effect was seen with mature myelin (MBP+) staining. Significant differences in activated microglia (Iba-1) activity were seen between lamb groups (MLT mitigated FGR effect) in periventricular white matter, subventricular zone and external capsule (p < 0.05). Similar effects were seen in astrogliosis (GFAP) in intragyral white matter and cortex. CONCLUSIONS Maternal melatonin administration in early onset FGR led to improved myelination of white matter brain regions, possibly mediated by decreased inflammation. IMPACT Maternal melatonin administration might lead to neuroprotection in the growth-restricted fetus, possibly via dampening neuroinflammation and enhancing myelination. This preclinical study adds to the body of work on this topic, and informs clinical translation. Neuroprotection likely to improve long-term outcomes of this vulnerable infant group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Malhotra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Anna K A A Rocha
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Yawno
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Han Y, Wang D, Cai S, Zhang L, Xue J. Resolvin D1 level during different trimesters of pregnancy for predicting the risk of fetal growth retardation in elderly pregnancy. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2024; 84:154-159. [PMID: 38639268 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2024.2338739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is potentially associated with fetal growth retardation (FGR) through alleviating maternal inflammation and its linkage with several pregnancy complications. Thus, this study detected RvD1 levels at different trimesters of pregnancy, aiming to investigate its role in predicting FGR risk of elderly pregnant women. This prospective, observational cohort study enrolled 165 elderly pregnant women aged ≥35 years. Serum RvD1 was detected at 10-13 weeks (early pregnancy), 20-23 weeks (middle pregnancy), and 30-33 weeks (late pregnancy) of gestational week by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RvD1 was varied among different trimesters of pregnancy in elderly pregnant women (p < 0.001). FGR occurred in 25 (15.2%) women in this study. RvD1 at early (p = 0.009), middle (p = 0.002), and late (p = 0.003) pregnancy was decreased in women with FGR versus those without. By multivariate analysis, RvD1 at middle pregnancy (odds ratio (OR): 0.477, p < 0.001), pre-pregnancy body mass index (OR: 0.763, p = 0.025), and gestational diabetes mellitus (yes versus no) (OR: 0.071, p = 0.031) were independently correlated with declined FGR risk. While age (OR: 1.382, p = 0.009) was independently associated with elevated risk of FGR. Furthermore, the combination of these independent factors as a predictive model exhibited a good potential for assessing FGR risk (area under the curve: 0.802, 95% confidence interval: 0.711-0.894). In conclusion, RvD1 at different trimesters of pregnancy is negatively linked with the risk of FGR, whose level at middle pregnancy serves as an independent factor for FGR risk in elderly pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Xianxian Hospital of TCM, Xianxian, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xianxian Hospital of TCM, Xianxian, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xianxian Hospital of TCM, Xianxian, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mengcun Hui Autonomous County Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Xue
- Department of Gynecology, Shijiazhuang Changcheng Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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15
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Chen X, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhou A, Xia W, Xu S. First-trimester fetal size, accelerated growth in utero, and child neurodevelopment in a cohort study. BMC Med 2024; 22:181. [PMID: 38685041 PMCID: PMC11059611 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early pregnancy is a critical window for neural system programming; however, the association of first-trimester fetal size with children's neurodevelopment remains to be assessed. This study aimed to explore the association between first-trimester fetal size and children's neurodevelopment and to examine whether intrauterine accelerated growth could compensate for the detrimental effects of first-trimester restricted growth on childhood neurodevelopment. METHODS The participants were from a birth cohort enrolled from March 2014 to March 2019 in Wuhan, China. A total of 2058 fetuses with crown to rump length (CRL) (a proxy of first-trimester fetal size) measurements in the first trimester and neurodevelopmental assessment at age 2 years were included. We measured the first-trimester CRL and defined three fetal growth patterns based on the growth rate of estimated fetal weight from mid to late pregnancy. The neurodevelopment was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development of China Revision at 2 years. RESULTS Each unit (a Z score) increase of first-trimester CRL was associated with increased scores in mental developmental index (MDI) (adjusted beta estimate = 1.19, (95% CI: 0.42, 1.95), P = 0.03) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) (adjusted beta estimate = 1.36, (95% CI: 0.46, 2.26), P < 0.01) at age 2 years, respectively. No significant association was observed between fetal growth rate and PDI. For children with restricted first-trimester fetal size (the lowest tertile of first-trimester CRL), those with "intrauterine accelerated growth" pattern (higher growth rates) had significantly higher MDI (adjusted beta estimate = 6.14, (95% CI: 3.80, 8.49), P < 0.001) but indistinguishable PDI compared to those with "intrauterine faltering growth" pattern (lower growth rates). Main limitations of this study included potential misclassification of gestational age due to recall bias of the last menstrual period and residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that restricted first-trimester fetal size is associated with mental and psychomotor developmental delay in childhood. However, in children with restricted first-trimester fetal size, intrauterine accelerated growth was associated with improved mental development but had little effect on psychomotor development. Additional studies are needed to validate the results in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430015, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Darneau D, Giabicani E, Netchine I, Pham A. Perinatal features of children with Silver-Russell syndrome due to 11p15 loss of methylation. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1367433. [PMID: 38638586 PMCID: PMC11024461 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1367433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A diagnosis of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), a rare imprinting disorder responsible for foetal growth restriction, is considered for patients presenting at least four criteria of the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS). Certain items of the NH-CSS are not assessable until the age of 2 years. The objective was to determine perinatal characteristics of children with SRS to allow an early diagnosis. Methods We retrospectively compared the perinatal characteristics of children with SRS (n = 17) with those of newborns small for gestational age (SGA) due to placental insufficiency (PI) (n = 21). Results Children with SRS showed earlier and more severely altered foetal biometry than SGA newborns due to PI. Twenty-three percent of patients with SRS showed uterine artery Doppler anomalies. SRS children were significantly smaller at birth (birth length <-3 SDS in 77% of cases in the SRS group vs. 15% in the PI group, p = 0.0001). Conclusion The diagnosis of SRS must be evoked in the neonatal period for SGA newborns with a growth delay present from the second trimester of pregnancy, a birth length <-3 SDS and a relative macrocephaly. Doppler anomalies, classically used to orient the cause of SGA towards PI, did not rule out the diagnosis of SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Darneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Pathologies d’Empreinte, Paris, France
| | - Eloïse Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Pathologies d’Empreinte, Paris, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Pathologies d’Empreinte, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Pham
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Néonatologie, Paris, France
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17
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Dunn BR, Olguin SL, Davies S, Pavlik NG, Brigman JL, Hamilton D, Savage DD, Maxwell JR. Sex-specific alterations in cognitive control following moderate prenatal alcohol exposure and transient systemic hypoxia ischemia in the rat. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:640-652. [PMID: 38302722 PMCID: PMC11015983 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) continues to be a worldwide problem. Affected offspring display impaired neurodevelopment, including difficulties with executive control. Although PAE has also been associated with decreased blood flow to fetuses, the relationship between PAE and altered blood flow is not well understood. METHODS We used preclinical models of PAE, transient systemic hypoxia ischemia (TSHI), and PAE + TSHI combined to assess the effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes using translationally relevant touchscreen operant platform testing. Twenty-eight Long-Evans (Blue Spruce, Strain HsdBlu:LE) dams were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: Saccharin Control (Sham), 5% Ethanol (PAE), TSHI, or 5% Ethanol and TSHI (PAE + TSHI). Dams consumed either saccharin or 5% ethanol during gestation. TSHI was induced on Embryonic Day 19 (E19) during an open laparotomy where the uterine arteries were transiently occluded for 1 h. Pups were born normally and, after weaning, were separated by sex. A total of 80 offspring, 40 males and 40 females, were tested on the 5-Choice Continuous Performance paradigm (5C-CPT). RESULTS Female offspring were significantly impacted by TSHI, but not PAE, with an increase in false alarms and a decrease in hit rates, omissions, accuracy, and correct choice latencies. In contrast, male offspring were mildly affected by PAE, but not TSHI, showing decreases in premature responses and increases in accuracy. No significant interactions between PAE and TSHI were detected on any measure. CONCLUSION Transient systemic hypoxia ischemia impaired performance on the 5C-CPT in females, leading to a bias toward stimulus responsivity regardless of stimulus type. In contrast, TSHI did not affect male offspring, and only slight effects of PAE were seen. Together, these data suggest that TSHI in females may cause alterations in cortical structures that override alterations caused by moderate PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke R. Dunn
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sarah L. Olguin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Suzy Davies
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nathaniel G. Pavlik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Derek Hamilton
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Daniel D. Savage
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jessie R. Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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18
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White TA, Miller SL, Sutherland AE, Allison BJ, Camm EJ. Perinatal compromise affects development, form, and function of the hippocampus part one; clinical studies. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03105-7. [PMID: 38519794 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a neuron-rich specialised brain structure that plays a central role in the regulation of emotions, learning and memory, cognition, spatial navigation, and motivational processes. In human fetal development, hippocampal neurogenesis is principally complete by mid-gestation, with subsequent maturation comprising dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis in the third trimester of pregnancy and infancy. Dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis underpin connectivity. Hippocampal development is exquisitely sensitive to perturbations during pregnancy and at birth. Clinical investigations demonstrate that preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and acute hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) are common perinatal complications that alter hippocampal development. In turn, deficits in hippocampal development and structure mediate a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including cognitive and learning problems, autism, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this review, we summarise the developmental profile of the hippocampus during fetal and neonatal life and examine the hippocampal deficits observed following common human pregnancy complications. IMPACT: The review provides a comprehensive summary of the developmental profile of the hippocampus in normal fetal and neonatal life. We address a significant knowledge gap in paediatric research by providing a comprehensive summary of the relationship between pregnancy complications and subsequent hippocampal damage, shedding new light on this critical aspect of early neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan A White
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily J Camm
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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White TA, Miller SL, Sutherland AE, Allison BJ, Camm EJ. Perinatal compromise affects development, form, and function of the hippocampus part two; preclinical studies. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03144-0. [PMID: 38519795 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a vital brain structure deep in the medial temporal lobe that mediates a range of functions encompassing emotional regulation, learning, memory, and cognition. Hippocampal development is exquisitely sensitive to perturbations and adverse conditions during pregnancy and at birth, including preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), acute hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), and intrauterine inflammation. Disruptions to hippocampal development due to these conditions can have long-lasting functional impacts. Here, we discuss a range of preclinical models of prematurity and FGR and conditions that induce hypoxia and inflammation, which have been critical in elucidating the underlying mechanisms and cellular and subcellular structures implicated in hippocampal dysfunction. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets to reduce the burden of these perinatal insults on the developing hippocampus. IMPACT: The review explores the preclinical literature examining the association between pregnancy and birth complications, and hippocampal form and function. The developmental processes and cellular mechanisms that are disrupted within the hippocampus following perinatal compromise are described, and potential therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan A White
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily J Camm
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Putra M, Hamidi OP, Driver C, Peek EE, Bolt MA, Gumina D, Reeves SA, Hobbins JC. Corpus Callosum Length and Cerebellar Vermian Height in Fetal Growth Restriction. Fetal Diagn Ther 2024; 51:255-266. [PMID: 38461813 DOI: 10.1159/000538123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth-restricted fetuses may have changes in their neuroanatomical structures that can be detected in prenatal imaging. We aim to compare corpus callosal length (CCL) and cerebellar vermian height (CVH) measurements between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and control fetuses and to correlate them with cerebral Doppler velocimetry in growth-restricted fetuses. METHODS This was a prospective cohort of FGR after 20 weeks of gestation with ultrasound measurements of CCL and CVH. Control cohort was assembled from fetuses without FGR who had growth ultrasound after 20 weeks of gestation. We compared differences of CCL or CVH between FGR and controls. We also tested for the correlations of CCL and CVH with middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI) and vertebral artery (VA) PI in the FGR group. CCL and CVH measurements were adjusted by head circumference (HC). RESULTS CCL and CVH were obtained in 68 and 55 fetuses, respectively. CCL/HC was smaller in FGR fetuses when compared to control fetuses (difference = 0.03, 95% CI: [0.02, 0.04], p < 0.001). CVH/HC was larger in FGR fetuses compared to NG fetuses (difference = 0.1, 95% CI: [-0.01, 0.02], p = < 0.001). VA PI multiples of the median were inversely correlated with CVH/HC (rho = -0.53, p = 0.007), while CCL/HC was not correlated with VA PI. Neither CCL/HC nor CVH/HC was correlated with MCA PI. CONCLUSIONS CCL/HC and CVH/HC measurements show differences in growth-restricted fetuses compared to a control cohort. We also found an inverse relationship between VA PI and CVH/HC. The potential use of neurosonography assessment in FGR assessment requires continued explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manesha Putra
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Odessa P Hamidi
- St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Camille Driver
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emma E Peek
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew A Bolt
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Diane Gumina
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shane A Reeves
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John C Hobbins
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Sethi S, Friesen-Waldner LJ, Regnault TRH, McKenzie CA. Quantifying Brain Myelin Water Fraction in a Guinea Pig Model of Spontaneous Intrauterine Growth Restriction. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38445838 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an obstetrical condition where a fetus has not achieved its genetic potential. A consequence of IUGR is a decrease in brain myelin content. Myelin water imaging (MWI) has been used to assess fetal myelin water fraction (MWF) and might potentially assess myelination changes associated with IUGR. PURPOSE To quantify and compare the MWF of non-IUGR and IUGR fetal guinea pigs (GPs) in late gestation. STUDY TYPE Prospective animal model. ANIMAL MODEL Dunkin-Hartley GP model of spontaneous IUGR (mean ± SD: 60 ± 1.2 days gestation; 19 IUGR, 52 control). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Eight spoiled gradient-recalled (SPGR) gradient echo volumes (flip angles [α]: 2°-16°), and two sets of eight balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) gradient echo volumes (α: 8° - 64°), at 0° and 180° phase increments, at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT MWF maps were generated for each fetal GP brain using multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 /T2 (mcDESPOT). MWF was quantified in the fetal corpus callosum (CC), fornix (FOR), parasagittal white matter (PSW), and whole fetal brain. STATISTICAL TESTS Linear regression was performed between five fetal IUGR markers (body volume, body-to-pregnancy volume ratio, brain-to-liver volume ratio, brain-to-placenta volume ratio, and brain-to-body volume ratio) and MWF (coefficient of determination, R2 ). A t-test with a linear mixed model compared the MWF of non-IUGR and IUGR fetal GPs (significance was determined at α < 0.05). RESULTS The MWF of the control fetuses are (mean ± SD): 0.23 ± 0.02 (CC), 0.31 ± 0.02 (FOR), 0.28 ± 0.02 (PSW), and 0.20 ± 0.01 (whole brain). The MWF of the IUGR fetuses are (mean ± SD): 0.19 ± 0.02 (CC), 0.27 ± 0.01 (FOR), 0.24 ± 0.03 (PSW), and 0.16 ± 0.01 (whole brain). Significant differences in MWF were found between the non-IUGR and IUGR fetuses in every comparison. DATA CONCLUSION The mean MWF of IUGR fetal GPs is significantly lower than non-IUGR fetal GPs. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sethi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Dai Y, Peng Y, Hu W, Liu Y, Wang H. Prenatal amoxicillin exposure induces developmental toxicity in fetal mice and its characteristics. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:287-301. [PMID: 37980015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Amoxicillin, a widely used antibiotic in human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, is now considered as an "emerging contaminant" because it exists widespreadly in the environment and brings a series of adverse outcomes. Currently, systematic studies about the developmental toxicity of amoxicillin are still lacking. We explored the potential effects of amoxicillin exposure on pregnancy outcomes, maternal/fetal serum phenotypes, and fetal multiple organ development in mice, at different doses (75, 150, 300 mg/(kg·day)) during late-pregnancy, or at a dose of 300 mg/(kg·day) during different stages (mid-/late-pregnancy) and courses (single-/multi-course). Results showed that prenatal amoxicillin exposure (PAmE) had no significant influence on the body weights of dams, but it could inhibit the physical development and reduce the survival rate of fetuses, especially during the mid-pregnancy. Meanwhile, PAmE altered multiple maternal/fetal serum phenotypes, especially in fetuses. Fetal multi-organ function results showed that PAmE inhibited testicular/adrenal steroid synthesis, long bone/cartilage and hippocampal development, and enhanced ovarian steroid synthesis and hepatic glycogenesis/lipogenesis, and the order of severity might be gonad (testis, ovary) > liver > others. Further analysis found that PAmE-induced multi-organ developmental and functional alterations had differences in stages, courses and fetal gender, and the most obvious changes might be in high-dose, late-pregnancy and multi-course, but there was no typical rule of a dose-response relationship. In conclusion, this study confirmed that PAmE could cause abnormal development and multi-organ function alterations, which deepens our understanding of the risk of PAmE and provides an experimental basis for further exploration of the long-term harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Whitworth KW, Rector-Houze AM, Chen WJ, Ibarluzea J, Swartz M, Symanski E, Iniguez C, Lertxundi A, Valentin A, González-Safont L, Vrijheid M, Guxens M. Relation of prenatal and postnatal PM 2.5 exposure with cognitive and motor function among preschool-aged children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114317. [PMID: 38171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The literature informing susceptible periods of exposure on children's neurodevelopment is limited. We evaluated the impacts of pre- and postnatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on children's cognitive and motor function among 1303 mother-child pairs in the Spanish INMA (Environment and Childhood) Study. Random forest models with temporal back extrapolation were used to estimate daily residential PM2.5 exposures that we averaged across 1-week lags during the prenatal period and 4-week lags during the postnatal period. The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) were administered around 5 years to assess general cognitive index (GCI) and several subscales (verbal, perceptual-performance, memory, fine motor, gross motor). We applied distributed lag nonlinear models within the Bayesian hierarchical framework to explore periods of susceptibility to PM2.5 on each MSCA outcome. Effect estimates were calculated per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and aggregated across adjacent statistically significant lags using cumulative β (βcum) and 95% Credible Intervals (95%CrI). We evaluated interactions between PM2.5 with fetal growth and child sex. We did not observe associations of PM2.5 exposure with lower GCI scores. We found a period of susceptibility to PM2.5 on fine motor scores in gestational weeks 1-9 (βcum = -2.55, 95%CrI = -3.53,-1.56) and on gross motor scores in weeks 7-17 (βcum = -2.27,95%CrI = -3.43,-1.11) though the individual lags for the latter were only borderline statistically significant. Exposure in gestational week 17 was weakly associated with verbal scores (βcum = -0.17, 95%CrI = -0.26,-0.09). In the postnatal period (from age 0.5-1.2 years), we observed a window of susceptibility to PM2.5 on lower perceptual-performance (β = -2.42, 95%CrI = -3.37,-1.46). Unexpected protective associations were observed for several outcomes with exposures in the later postnatal period. We observed no evidence of differences in susceptible periods by fetal growth or child sex. Preschool-aged children's motor function may be particularly susceptible to PM2.5 exposures experienced in utero whereas the first year of life was identified as a period of susceptibility to PM2.5 for children's perceptual-performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina W Whitworth
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Alison M Rector-Houze
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jesus Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, Av. Navarra, 4, 20013, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Campus Gipuzkoa, Av. Tolosa, 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Michael Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carmen Iniguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universitat de València, Calle Dr Moliner, 50, 46100, València, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. De Catalunya, 21, 46020, València, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Antonia Valentin
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), C/del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llucia González-Safont
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. De Catalunya, 21, 46020, València, Spain; Nursing and Chiropody Faculty of Valencia University, Av. De Blasko Ibanez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), C/del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Placa de la Merce, 12, 08002, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), C/del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Placa de la Merce, 12, 08002, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Dr. Moleaterplein 40, 30115 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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González Garello T, Barbeito-Andrés J, Pérez A, Cueto G, Nuñez P, Bonfili N, Gonzalez P. Head circumference at birth and postnatal growth trajectory in vulnerable groups from Argentina. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e24921. [PMID: 38426243 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between the anthropometric status at birth and brain and bone growth during the first year of life. According to the brain-sparing hypothesis, we expect catch-up to be faster in head circumference (HC) than in body length. METHODS This is a longitudinal design that included Argentinian infants under 12 months of age with at least three anthropometric records. We classified study participants into four growth status categories according to z-scores for HC (HCZ) and length (LAZ) at birth, with z-score = -2 as a threshold. We used the Count model to describe growth trajectories in HC and length in the first year of life according to the growth status at birth. Recovery indicator for HC and length was taken as the time until the predicted growth trajectory surpassed the threshold curve predicted by z-score = -2 for age. RESULTS Growth models included 3399 infants. There were significant differences in the growth parameters between groups in all cases (p < 0.05). Within the group with a low HCZ and a low LAZ at birth, HC recovery was faster than length. In the case of a low z-score for only one of the variables, newborns with a low HCZ recovered faster than individuals born with a low LAZ. CONCLUSIONS The postnatal growth pattern in HC and length is associated with the growth status of HC and length at birth. As we hypothesized, the fastest postnatal recovery occurs for HC in cases of intrauterine delayed growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás González Garello
- Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Barbeito-Andrés
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET, Hospital "El Cruce", Universidad Arturo Jauretche, Florencio Varela, Argentina
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Cueto
- Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Nuñez
- Grupo de Bioestadística Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia Bonfili
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET, Hospital "El Cruce", Universidad Arturo Jauretche, Florencio Varela, Argentina
| | - Paula Gonzalez
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET, Hospital "El Cruce", Universidad Arturo Jauretche, Florencio Varela, Argentina
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25
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Jensen A, Rochow N, Voigt M, Neuhäuser G. Differential effects of growth restriction and immaturity on predicted psychomotor development at 4 years of age in preterm infants. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2024; 4:100305. [PMID: 38327671 PMCID: PMC10847025 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction and immaturity are associated with poor neurocognitive development and child psychopathology affecting educational success at school and beyond. However, the differential effects of either obstetrical risk factor on predicted psychomotor development have not yet been deciphered. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to separately study the impact of growth restriction and that of immaturity on predicted psychomotor development at the preschool age of 4.3 (standard deviation, 0.8) years using birthweight percentiles in a prospective cohort of preterm infants born at ≤37+6/7 weeks of gestation. Differences between small for gestational age newborns with intrauterine growth restriction and those without were described. We examined predicted total psychomotor development score, predicted developmental disability index, calculated morphometric vitality index, and predicted intelligence quotient, Porteus Maze test score, and neurologic examination optimality score in 854 preterm infants from a large prospective screening cohort (cranial ultrasound screening, n=5,301). STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cranial ultrasound screening study with a single-center cohort observational design (data collection done from 1984-1988, analysis done in 2022). The study included 5,301 live-born infants, of whom 854 (16.1%) were preterm infants (≤37+6/7 weeks' gestation), and was conducted on the day of discharge of the mother at 5 to 8 days postpartum from a level 3 perinatal center. Predicted psychomotor development, as assessed by the predicted total psychomotor development score, predicted developmental disability index, calculated morphometric vitality index, predicted intelligence quotient, Porteus Maze test score, and neurologic examination optimality score were calculated. We related psychomotor development indices and measures to gestational age in 3 groups of birthweight percentiles (ie, 10%, 50%, and 90% for small, appropriate, and large for gestational age newborns, respectively) using linear regression analysis, analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, and t test procedures. RESULTS The key result of our study is the observation that in preterm infants born at ≤37+6/7 weeks of gestation, growth restriction as compared with immaturity is the prime risk factor for impairment of overall predicted psychomotor development, intelligence quotient, Porteus Maze test results, and neurologic examination optimality score at the preschool age of 4.3 (standard deviation, 0.8) years (P<.001). This is particularly true for intrauterine growth restriction. These detrimental effects of growth restriction become more prominent with decreasing gestational age (P<.001). As expected, growth restriction in preterm infants born at ≤37+6/7 weeks of gestation was associated with a number of obstetrical risk factors, including hypertension in pregnancy (P<.001), multiple pregnancy (P<.001), pathologic cardiotocography (P=.001), and low pH (P=.007), increased pCO2 (P=.009), and poor pO2 (P<.001) in umbilical arterial blood. Of note, there were no differences in cerebral hemorrhage or white matter damage among small, appropriate, and large for gestational age birthweight percentile groups, suggesting an independent mechanism of brain injury caused by preterm growth restriction resulting in poor psychomotor development. CONCLUSION Compared with immaturity, growth restriction in preterm infants has more intense detrimental effects on psychomotor development, necessitating improved risk stratification. This finding has implications for clinical management, parental consultation, and early intervention strategies to improve school performance, educational success, and mental health in children. The mechanisms of brain injury specific to growth restriction in preterm infants require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Jensen
- Campus Clinic Gynecology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany (Dr Jensen)
| | - Niels Rochow
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany (Dr Rochow)
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany (Dr Rochow)
- DEUZWEG German Center for Growth, Development and Health Promotion in Childhood and Adolescence, Berlin, Germany (Drs Rochow and Voigt)
| | - Manfred Voigt
- DEUZWEG German Center for Growth, Development and Health Promotion in Childhood and Adolescence, Berlin, Germany (Drs Rochow and Voigt)
- Institute for Perinatal Growth Research, Sievershagen, Germany (Dr Voigt)
| | - Gerhard Neuhäuser
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University of Giessen, Germany (Dr Neuhäuser)
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Colt S, Barry CV, Sagliba MJ, Amoylen AJ, Tallo V, Friedman JF, Gundogan F, McDonald EA. Associations between placental pathology and poor intrauterine growth among a cohort of mother-infant singleton pairs in Leyte, the Philippines. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 164:750-757. [PMID: 37589399 PMCID: PMC10841323 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor intrauterine growth has negative impacts for child growth and development and disproportionately affects children living in low-resource settings. In the present study, we investigated relationships between placental pathologies and indicators of poor intrauterine growth. METHODS We enrolled a longitudinal cohort of 279 mother-infant pairs from Leyte, the Philippines. Placental measures included characteristics, pathological findings, and immunohistochemistry. At birth, intrauterine growth was assessed using anthropometric measures, weight-for-gestational age, and the clinical assessment of nutritional status score (CANSCORE) for determining fetal malnutrition. Multivariate linear regression and log-binomial regression models were applied, controlling for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) was related to reduced birthweight (P < 0.0001), birth length (P = 0.002), head circumference (P = 0.001), and weight-to-length ratio (P = 0.016). MVM increased the risk for preterm delivery (P = 0.0005) and small for gestational age (SGA) (P = 0.016). Acute chorioamnionitis (P = 0.013) and MVM (P = 0.021) both led to an increased risk for fetal malnutrition defined by CANSORE<25. Villous tissue activated caspase-3 was associated with lower birth length (P = 0.0006), higher weight-to-length ratio (P = 0.004), reduced risks for SGA (P = 0.011) and low weight-to-length ratio for gestational age (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION The present study applied comprehensive measures for intrauterine growth and demonstrates that low placental weight and placental pathology, chiefly MVM, contribute to poor intrauterine growth. A better understanding of the mechanistic role of specific placental pathologies on adverse newborn outcomes will provide opportunities for reducing incidence of poor intrauterine growth and associated long-term morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Colt
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Christopher V. Barry
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | | | | | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute of Tropical Medicine, Manila, The Philippines
| | - Jennifer F. Friedman
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Fusun Gundogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Emily A. McDonald
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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Vrachnis D, Fotiou A, Mantzou A, Pergialiotis V, Antsaklis P, Valsamakis G, Stavros S, Machairiotis N, Iavazzo C, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Mastorakos G, Drakakis P, Vrachnis N, Antonakopoulos N. Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid Angiotensinogen Levels Linked to Increased Fetal Birth Weight and Shorter Gestational Age in Term Pregnancies. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:206. [PMID: 38398716 PMCID: PMC10890398 DOI: 10.3390/life14020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the considerable progress made in recent years in fetal assessment, the etiology of fetal growth disturbances is not as yet well understood. In an effort to enhance our knowledge in this area, we investigated the associations of the amniotic fluid angiotensinogen of the renin-angiotensin system with fetal growth abnormalities. METHODS We collected amniotic fluid samples from 70 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis during their early second trimester. Birth weight was documented upon delivery, after which the embryos corresponding to the respective amniotic fluid samples were categorized into three groups as follows: small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). Amniotic fluid angiotensinogen levels were determined by using ELISA kits. RESULTS Mean angiotensinogen values were 3885 ng/mL (range: 1625-5375 ng/mL), 4885 ng/mL (range: 1580-8460 ng/mL), and 4670 ng/mL (range: 1995-7250 ng/mL) in the SGA, LGA, and AGA fetuses, respectively. The concentrations in the three groups were not statistically significantly different. Although there were wide discrepancies between the mean values of the subgroups, the large confidence intervals in the three groups negatively affected the statistical analysis. However, multiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between the angiotensinogen levels and gestational age and a statistically significant positive correlation between the birth weight and angiotensinogen levels. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that fetal growth abnormalities did not correlate with differences in the amniotic fluid levels of angiotensinogen in early second trimester pregnancies. However, increased angiotensinogen levels were found to be consistent with a smaller gestational age at birth and increased BMI of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios Vrachnis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Alexandros Fotiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Alexandra Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (V.P.); (P.A.)
| | - Panagiotis Antsaklis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Alexandra Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (V.P.); (P.A.)
| | - George Valsamakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sofoklis Stavros
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (N.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (N.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Christos Iavazzo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Metaxa Memorial Cancer Hospital of Piraeus, 18537 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Petros Drakakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (N.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (N.M.); (P.D.)
- Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Nikolaos Antonakopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Patras, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece
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Buckley D, Khashan AS, McCarthy FP, O'Connor K, Maher GM. The Association between Threatened Miscarriage and Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring by Age 14 Years. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06251-3. [PMID: 38281274 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between threatened miscarriage, and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring by age 14 years. METHODS We used data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of children born in the UK. Data on threatened miscarriage and potential confounders were maternal-reported and collected at 9 months postpartum. Data on ASD and ADHD were based on maternal-reported doctor diagnoses and collected when children were aged 5, 7, 11 and 14 years. A diagnosis of ASD or ADHD was assumed if parents reported ASD or ADHD at age 5, 7, 11 or 14 years. Crude and adjusted logistic regression examined threatened miscarriage and ASD and ADHD relationship, adjusting for several sociodemographic, maternal and lifestyle factors. RESULTS A total of 18,294 singleton babies were included at baseline, and 1,104 (6.0%) women experienced a threatened miscarriage during their pregnancy. Adjusted results suggested an association between threatened miscarriage and ASD (OR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.15, 2.08), and ADHD (OR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.09, 2.10) by age 14 years. E-values for threatened miscarriage and ASD were 2.47, while the lower limits of the 95% CI were 1.57. E-values for threatened miscarriage and ADHD were 2.39, while the corresponding lower limits of the 95% CI were 1.40. CONCLUSION Threatened miscarriage was associated with an increased likelihood of ASD and ADHD by the age of 14 years, however, residual confounding cannot be ruled out. Placental pathology may be a potential mechanism for the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daire Buckley
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali S Khashan
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen O'Connor
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Team, RISE, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gillian M Maher
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Uittenbogaard M, Gropman AL, Whitehead MT, Brantner CA, Gropman E, Chiaramello A. Dysfunctional Postnatal Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in a Patient with Neurodevelopmental Defects Caused by Intrauterine Growth Restriction Due to Idiopathic Placental Insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1386. [PMID: 38338665 PMCID: PMC10855472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a four-year-old male patient with a complex medical history born prematurely as the result of intrauterine growth restriction due to placental insufficiency. His clinical manifestations included severe neurodevelopmental deficits, global developmental delay, Pierre-Robin sequence, and intractable epilepsy with both generalized and focal features. The proband's low levels of citrulline and lactic acidosis provoked by administration of Depakoke were evocative of a mitochondrial etiology. The proband's genotype-phenotype correlation remained undefined in the absence of nuclear and mitochondrial pathogenic variants detected by deep sequencing of both genomes. However, live-cell mitochondrial metabolic investigations provided evidence of a deficient oxidative-phosphorylation pathway responsible for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, leading to chronic energy crisis in the proband. In addition, our metabolic analysis revealed metabolic plasticity in favor of glycolysis for ATP synthesis. Our mitochondrial morphometric analysis by transmission electron microscopy confirmed the suspected mitochondrial etiology, as the proband's mitochondria exhibited an immature morphology with poorly developed and rare cristae. Thus, our results support the concept that suboptimal levels of intrauterine oxygen and nutrients alter fetal mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming toward oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) leading to a deficient postnatal mitochondrial energy metabolism. In conclusion, our collective studies shed light on the long-term postnatal mitochondrial pathophysiology caused by intrauterine growth restriction due to idiopathic placental insufficiency and its negative impact on the energy-demanding development of the fetal and postnatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA; (M.U.); (E.G.)
| | - Andrea L. Gropman
- Children’s National Medical Center, Division of Neurogenetics and Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics, Washington, DC 20010, USA;
| | - Matthew T. Whitehead
- Division on Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Christine A. Brantner
- Electron Microscopy Core Imaging Facility, School of Dentistry and School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Eliana Gropman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA; (M.U.); (E.G.)
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA; (M.U.); (E.G.)
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30
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Abaci Turk E, Yun HJ, Feldman HA, Lee JY, Lee HJ, Bibbo C, Zhou C, Tamen R, Grant PE, Im K. Association between placental oxygen transport and fetal brain cortical development: a study in monochorionic diamniotic twins. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad383. [PMID: 37885155 PMCID: PMC11032198 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal cortical growth and the resulting folding patterns are crucial for normal brain function. Although cortical development is largely influenced by genetic factors, environmental factors in fetal life can modify the gene expression associated with brain development. As the placenta plays a vital role in shaping the fetal environment, affecting fetal growth through the exchange of oxygen and nutrients, placental oxygen transport might be one of the environmental factors that also affect early human cortical growth. In this study, we aimed to assess the placental oxygen transport during maternal hyperoxia and its impact on fetal brain development using MRI in identical twins to control for genetic and maternal factors. We enrolled 9 pregnant subjects with monochorionic diamniotic twins (30.03 ± 2.39 gestational weeks [mean ± SD]). We observed that the fetuses with slower placental oxygen delivery had reduced volumetric and surface growth of the cerebral cortex. Moreover, when the difference between placenta oxygen delivery increased between the twin pairs, sulcal folding patterns were more divergent. Thus, there is a significant relationship between placental oxygen transport and fetal brain cortical growth and folding in monochorionic twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Abaci Turk
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Hyuk Jin Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Carolina Bibbo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Cindy Zhou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Rubii Tamen
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Patricia Ellen Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Kiho Im
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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31
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Sahu TK, Manerkar S, Mondkar J, Kalamdani P, Patra S, Kalathingal T, Kaur S. Effect of early total enteral feeding vs incremental feeding in small for gestational age very low birth weight infants: A randomized controlled trial. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2024; 17:225-232. [PMID: 38640177 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- T K Sahu
- Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - S Manerkar
- Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - J Mondkar
- Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - P Kalamdani
- Department of Neonatology, Ex-faculty, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - S Patra
- Department of Neonatology, Ex-faculty, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - T Kalathingal
- Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - S Kaur
- Department of Neonatology, Ex-faculty, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India
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32
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Wu BA, Chand KK, Bell A, Miller SL, Colditz PB, Malhotra A, Wixey JA. Effects of fetal growth restriction on the perinatal neurovascular unit and possible treatment targets. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:59-69. [PMID: 37674023 PMCID: PMC10798895 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) within the brain is a multicellular unit that synergistically acts to maintain blood-brain barrier function and meet cerebral metabolic demand. Recent studies have indicated disruption to the NVU is associated with neuropathology in the perinatal brain. Infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are known to be at increased risk of neurodevelopmental conditions including motor, learning, and behavioural deficits. There are currently no neuroprotective treatments for these conditions. In this review, we analyse large animal studies examining the effects of FGR on the perinatal NVU. These studies show altered vascularity in the FGR brain as well as blood-brain barrier dysfunction due to underlying cellular changes, mediated by neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism associated with pathological effects in the FGR brain. Hence, targeting inflammation may be key to preserving the multicellular NVU and providing neuroprotection in FGR. A number of maternal and postnatal therapies with anti-inflammatory components have been investigated in FGR animal models examining targets for amelioration of NVU disruption. Each therapy showed promise by uniquely ameliorating the adverse effects of FGR on multiple aspects of the NVU. The successful implementation of a clinically viable neuroprotective treatment has the potential to improve outcomes for neonates affected by FGR. IMPACT: Disruption to the neurovascular unit is associated with neuropathology in fetal growth restriction. Inflammation is a key mechanism associated with neurovascular unit disruption in the growth-restricted brain. Anti-inflammatory treatments ameliorate adverse effects on the neurovascular unit and may provide neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Anthony Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander Bell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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33
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Jing Jia, Ma B, Zhao X. Fetal endothelial colony-forming cells: Possible targets for prevention of the fetal origins of adult diseases. Placenta 2024; 145:80-88. [PMID: 38100962 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a subset of circulating and resident endothelial progenitor cells, are capable of self-renewal and de novo vessel formation, and are known key regulators of vascular integrity and homeostasis. Numerous studies have found that exposure to hostile environment during the fetal development exerts a profound influence on the level and function of ECFCs, which may be the underlying factor linking endothelial dysfunction to cardiovascular disease of the offspring in later life. Herein, we focus on the latest findings regarding the effects of pregnancy-related disorders on the frequency and function of fetal ECFCs. Subsequently, we discuss about placental ECFCs and put forward some details that should be paid attention to in the process of ECFC isolation and culture. Overall, the information presented in this review highlight the potential of ECFCs as a future biomarker or even therapeutic targets for the pregnancy-related adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Baitao Ma
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xianlan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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34
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Rock CR, White TA, Piscopo BR, Sutherland AE, Pham Y, Camm EJ, Sehgal A, Polglase GR, Miller SL, Allison BJ. Cardiovascular decline in offspring during the perinatal period in an ovine model of fetal growth restriction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1266-H1278. [PMID: 37773057 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00495.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) increases the risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Placental insufficiency and subsequent chronic fetal hypoxemia are causal factors for FGR, leading to a redistribution of blood flow that prioritizes vital organs. Subclinical signs of cardiovascular dysfunction are evident in growth-restricted neonates; however, the mechanisms programming for CVD in adulthood remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the potential mechanisms underlying structural and functional changes within the heart and essential (carotid) and nonessential (femoral) vascular beds in growth-restricted lambs. Placental insufficiency was surgically induced in ewes at 89 days gestational age (dGA, term = 148dGA). Three age groups were investigated: fetal (126dGA), newborn (24 h after preterm birth), and 4-wk-old lambs. In vivo and histological assessments of cardiovascular indices were undertaken. Resistance femoral artery function was assessed via in vitro wire myography and blockade of key vasoactive pathways including nitric oxide, prostanoids, and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. All lambs were normotensive throughout the first 4 wk of life. Overall, the FGR cohort had more globular hearts compared with controls (P = 0.0374). A progressive decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilation was demonstrated in FGR lambs compared with controls. Further investigation revealed that impairment of the prostanoid pathway may drive this reduction in vasodilatory capacity. Clinical indicators of CVD were not observed in our FGR lambs. However, subclinical signs of cardiovascular dysfunction were present in our FGR offspring. This study provides insight into potential mechanisms, such as the prostanoid pathway, that may warrant therapeutic interventions to improve cardiovascular development in growth-restricted newborns.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings provide novel insight into the potential mechanisms that program for cardiovascular dysfunction in growth-restricted neonates as our growth-restricted lambs exhibited a progressive decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the femoral artery between birth and 4 wk of age. Subsequent analyses indicated that this reduction in vasodilatory capacity is likely to be mediated by the prostanoid pathway and prostanoids could be a potential target for therapeutic interventions for fetal growth restriction (FGR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine R Rock
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tegan A White
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth R Piscopo
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily J Camm
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arvind Sehgal
- Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Alda MG, Holberton J, MacDonald TM, Charlton JK. Small for gestational age at preterm birth identifies adverse neonatal outcomes more reliably than antenatal suspicion of fetal growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2279017. [PMID: 37981759 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2279017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is an important reason for premature delivery and a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate whether classification as small for gestational age (SGA; <10th centile) at birth or antenatal suspicion of FGR was more strongly associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. METHODS A retrospective audit of infants born between 24 + 0 and 32 + 6 weeks of gestation from 2012-2019 and admitted to the Neonatal Unit at Mercy Hospital for Women (MHW). Infants were categorized according to whether FGR was listed as an antenatal complication in the medical records and whether they were SGA (<10th centile on Fenton chart) or appropriate for gestational age (AGA) at birth, and comparisons for neonatal outcomes were made. RESULTS 371/2126 preterm infants (17.5%) had antenatal suspicion of FGR, and 166 (7.8%) were SGA at birth. No differences in any neonatal outcomes were found between infants with or without suspected FGR, except decreased intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in the FGR group. SGA classification was associated with increased rates of all morbidities other than IVH, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and necrotizing enterocolitis, compared with the AGA group. Death was significantly higher in the SGA group (7.2%) compared with the AGA group (3.5%). CONCLUSION SGA by Fenton chart more reliably identified neonates at risk of adverse neonatal outcomes than antenatal suspicion of FGR, suggesting it is a reasonable clinical proxy. This most likely reflects the much lower tenth centile weight cutoffs on the Fenton charts compared to in-utero charts used antenatally to diagnose FGR based on ultrasound estimated fetal weight. SGA classification by Fenton approximately equates to <3rd centile on in-utero charts at our institution, therefore identifying the most severe FGR cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Alda
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Holberton
- Department of Paediatrics, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Teresa M MacDonald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julia K Charlton
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Division of Neonatology, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ong YY, Rifas-Shiman SL, Perng W, Belfort MB, Law E, Hivert MF, Oken E, Tiemeier H, Aris IM. Growth Velocities Across Distinct Early Life Windows and Child Cognition: Insights from a Contemporary US Cohort. J Pediatr 2023; 263:113653. [PMID: 37541424 PMCID: PMC10837309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative importance of overall and period-specific postnatal growth and their interaction with fetal growth on cognition in a generally well-nourished population. STUDY DESIGN We included 1052 children from Project Viva, a prospective cohort in Boston, Massachusetts. Using linear spline mixed-effects models, we modeled length/height and body mass index (BMI) trajectories from birth to 7 years and estimated standardized overall (0-7 years) and period-specific growth velocities ie, early infancy (0-4 months), late infancy (4-15 months), toddlerhood (15-37 months), and early childhood (37-84 months). We investigated associations of growth velocities as well as their interactions with birthweight-for-gestational age on mid-childhood (mean age: 7.9 years) IQ, visual memory and learning, and visual motor ability. RESULTS Greater overall height velocity was associated with modestly higher design memory score, (adjusted β [95% CI] 0.19 [-0.01,0.38] P = .057])points per SD increase but lower verbal IQ (-0.88 [-1.76,0.00] P = .051). Greater early infancy height velocity was associated with higher visual motor score (1.92 [0.67,3.18]). Greater overall BMI velocity was associated with lower verbal IQ (-0.71 [-1.52,0.11] P = .090). Greater late infancy BMI velocity was associated with lower verbal IQ (-1.21 [-2.07,-0.34]), design memory score (-0.22 [-0.42,-0.03)], but higher picture memory score (0.22 [0.01,0.43]). Greater early infancy height velocity (-1.5 SD vs 1.5 SD) was associated with higher nonverbal IQ (margins [95% CI] 102.6 [98.9106.3] vs 108.2 [104.9111.6]) among small-for-gestational age infants (P-interaction = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Among generally well-nourished children, there might not be clear cognitive gains with faster linear growth except for those with lower birthweight-for-gestational age, revealing the potential importance of early infancy compensatory growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying Ong
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Mandy B Belfort
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evelyn Law
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
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Kojima J, Dai Y, Suzuki T, Ono M, Nishi H. Sirtuin 1 is a potential therapeutic candidate gene for fetal growth restriction via insulin-like 4. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2253486. [PMID: 37661175 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2253486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insufficient placental development causes various obstetric complications, including fetal growth restriction (FGR). The Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and insulin-like 4 (INSL4) protein-coding genes have been demonstrated to play an important role in placental development. However, no treatment for FGR is available due to placental dysfunction. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the potential of the SIRT1-INSL4 axis as a treatment candidate for FGR caused by insufficient placental development. METHODS Twenty patients were enrolled, including 10 with FGR and 10 full-term controls. FGR and control placental samples were collected. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical analysis, and western blotting were used to analyze INSL4 and SIRT1 expression. An in-vitro loss-of-function approach with the human choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo was applied for functional analyses of SIRT1 in placental development. BeWo cells were differentiated into syncytiotrophoblasts by silencing SIRT1 using small interfering RNA. SIRT1 activator was added during differentiation of SIRT1-knockdown BeWo cells into syncytiotrophoblasts. RESULTS The FGR samples had lower INSL4 and SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression levels than the control samples. Immunohistochemistry showed that both SIRT1 and INSL4 were expressed mainly in syncytiotrophoblasts. In-vitro analyses showed that SIRT1 knockdown decreased INSL4 expression; however, SIRT1 activator restored SIRT1 expression in SIRT1-silenced BeWo cells. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 and INSL4 are downregulated in the placenta of FGR, and INSL4 is regulated by SIRT1. These findings indicate that the SIRT1-INSL4 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yidan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Smith MJ, Penny T, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Jenkin G, Fahey MC, Paton MCB, Finch-Edmondson M, Miller SL, McDonald CA. Neuroprotective Action of Tacrolimus before and after Onset of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic Brain Injury in Rats. Cells 2023; 12:2659. [PMID: 37998394 PMCID: PMC10669941 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neonatal brain injury can lead to permanent neurodevelopmental impairments. Notably, suppressing inflammatory pathways may reduce damage. To determine the role of neuroinflammation in the progression of neonatal brain injury, we investigated the effect of treating neonatal rat pups with the immunosuppressant tacrolimus at two time points: before and after hypoxic-ischaemic (HI)-induced injury. (2) Methods: To induce HI injury, postnatal day (PND) 10 rat pups underwent single carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia (8% oxygen, 90 min). Pups received daily tacrolimus (or a vehicle) starting either 3 days before HI on PND 7 (pre-HI), or 12 h after HI (post-HI). Four doses were tested: 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg/day. Pups were euthanised at PND 17 or PND 50. (3) Results: All tacrolimus doses administered pre-HI significantly reduced brain infarct size and neuronal loss, increased the number of resting microglia and reduced cellular apoptosis (p < 0.05 compared to control). In contrast, only the highest dose of tacrolimus administered post-HI (0.25 mg/kg/day) reduced brain infarct size (p < 0.05). All doses of tacrolimus reduced pup weight compared to the controls. (4) Conclusions: Tacrolimus administration 3 days pre-HI was neuroprotective, likely mediated through neuroinflammatory and cell death pathways. Tacrolimus post-HI may have limited capacity to reduce brain injury, with higher doses increasing rat pup mortality. This work highlights the benefits of targeting neuroinflammation during the acute injurious period. More specific targeting of neuroinflammation, e.g., via T-cells, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J. Smith
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Tayla Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Amy E. Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Michael C. Fahey
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Madison C. B. Paton
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.C.B.P.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Megan Finch-Edmondson
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.C.B.P.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Courtney A. McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Yakoub N, Reinelt T, Natalucci G. Behavioural outcomes of children born with intrauterine growth restriction: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074417. [PMID: 37914302 PMCID: PMC10626825 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pregnancy condition, which is associated with poor perinatal outcomes and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Several studies also investigated the impact of IUGR on child behaviour (eg, internalising and externalising behaviour, social competencies). However, so far, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted that summarises these effects while considering relevant third variables such as type of IUGR diagnosis and control group, or concurrent cognitive abilities. The objective of this study is to summarise the current evidence regarding the relationship between IUGR and behavioural outcomes from early childhood to young adulthood. Additionally, to explore how third variables such as type of control group, or cognitive abilities, relate to this association. METHODS Search strategy: The following electronic databases will be searched-Web of Science, Medline Ovid, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Embase. INCLUSION CRITERIA observational (eg, cohort studies and case-control studies) and intervention studies (if standard care is used and norm values are reported for the control group) will be included if they quantitatively compare children with and without IUGR from the age of 2 to 18 years. The main outcomes are internalising and externalising behaviour, and social competencies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethics approval was necessary for this protocol. Dissemination of findings will be done by publishing the results in peer-reviewed journals. The results of this systematic review will provide guidance for practice and counselling for clinicians and therapists facing patients affected by IUGR and their families. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022347467.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninib Yakoub
- Family Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth and Nutrition of the Newborn, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Reinelt
- Family Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth and Nutrition of the Newborn, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Natalucci
- Family Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth and Nutrition of the Newborn, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ahmadzadeh E, Polglase GR, Stojanovska V, Herlenius E, Walker DW, Miller SL, Allison BJ. Does fetal growth restriction induce neuropathology within the developing brainstem? J Physiol 2023; 601:4667-4689. [PMID: 37589339 PMCID: PMC10953350 DOI: 10.1113/jp284191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complex obstetric issue describing a fetus that does not reach its genetic growth potential. The primary cause of FGR is placental dysfunction resulting in chronic fetal hypoxaemia, which in turn causes altered neurological, cardiovascular and respiratory development, some of which may be pathophysiological, particularly for neonatal life. The brainstem is the critical site of cardiovascular, respiratory and autonomic control, but there is little information describing how chronic hypoxaemia and the resulting FGR may affect brainstem neurodevelopment. This review provides an overview of the brainstem-specific consequences of acute and chronic hypoxia, and what is known in FGR. In addition, we discuss how brainstem structural alterations may impair functional control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Finally, we highlight the clinical and translational findings of the potential roles of the brainstem in maintaining cardiorespiratory adaptation in the transition from fetal to neonatal life under normal conditions and in response to the pathological environment that arises during development in growth-restricted infants. This review emphasises the crucial role that the brainstem plays in mediating cardiovascular and respiratory responses during fetal and neonatal life. We assess whether chronic fetal hypoxaemia might alter structure and function of the brainstem, but this also serves to highlight knowledge gaps regarding FGR and brainstem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadzadeh
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Graeme R. Polglase
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Eric Herlenius
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children´s HospitalKarolinska University Hospital StockholmSolnaSweden
| | - David W. Walker
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Beth J. Allison
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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Alameddine S, Capannolo G, Rizzo G, Khalil A, Di Girolamo R, Iacovella C, Liberati M, Patrizi L, Acharya G, Odibo AO, D'Antonio F. A systematic review and critical evaluation of quality of clinical practice guidelines on fetal growth restriction. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:970-980. [PMID: 36976902 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To systematically identify and critically assess the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on management fetal growth restriction (FGR). CONTENT Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases were searched to identify all relevant CPGs on FGR. SUMMARY Diagnostic criteria of FGR, recommended growth charts, recommendation for detailed anatomical assessment and invasive testing, frequency of fetal growth scans, fetal monitoring, hospital admission, drugs administrations, timing at delivery, induction of labor, postnatal assessment and placental histopathological were assessed. Quality assessment was evaluated by AGREE II tool. Twelve CPGs were included. Twenty-five percent (3/12) of CPS adopted the recently published Delphi consensus, 58.3% (7/12) an estimated fetal weight (EFW)/abdominal circumference (AC) EFW/AC <10th percentile, 8.3% (1/12) an EFW/AC <5th percentile while one CPG defined FGR as an arrest of growth or a shift in its rate measured longitudinally. Fifty percent (6/12) of CPGs recommended the use of customized growth charts to assess fetal growth. Regarding the frequency of Doppler assessment, in case of absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery 8.3% (1/12) CPGs recommended assessment every 24-48, 16.7% (2/12) every 48-72 h, 1 CPG generically recommended assessment 1-2 times per week, while 25 (3/12) did not specifically report the frequency of assessment. Only 3 CPGs reported recommendation on the type of Induction of Labor to adopt. The AGREE II standardized domain scores for the first overall assessment (OA1) had a mean of 50%. OUTLOOK There is significant heterogeneity in the management of pregnancies complicated by FGR in published CPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alameddine
- Center for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Capannolo
- Center for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rizzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata Università Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Asma Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Saint George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Raffaella Di Girolamo
- Center for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Liberati
- Center for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lodovico Patrizi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata Università Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anthony O Odibo
- Divisions of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Clinical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesco D'Antonio
- Center for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Xodo S, Celante L, Liviero S, Orsaria M, Mariuzzi L, De Luca M, Damante G, Driul L, Cagnacci A, Ferino A, Di Giorgio E, Xodo L, Londero AP. Fetal growth at term and placental oxidative stress in a tissue micro-array model: a histological and immunohistochemistry study. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:293-306. [PMID: 37306741 PMCID: PMC10509069 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examines 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxo-Gua) staining in placental tissue samples based on fetal size at birth as well as its relationships with placental histology and other pregnancy variables. This prospective cohort study included women > 18 years with a singleton pregnancy, a live fetus, fluency in Italian, and delivery at term. A total of 165 pregnancies were included in the study. The nuclear syncytiotrophoblast 8-oxo-Gua staining score in LGA was substantially greater than in late FGR (p < 0.05), although the cytoplasm score was lower in SGA and LGA than in AGA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a sex-specific pattern of 8-oxo-Gua staining was discovered in single-term placentas, with more oxidative damage found in the nuclei of syncytiotrophoblast cells and stromal and endothelial cells in AGA males compared to AGA females (p < 0.05). Second, the histological pattern of late FGR placentae differed by gender. Finally, a significant correlation (p < 0.05) was found between high-intensity 8-oxo-Gua staining in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast cells and thrombi in the chorionic plate or villi in males. On the other hand, female fetuses demonstrated a significant connection (p < 0.05) between high-intensity 8-oxo-Gua staining in endothelial and stromal cells and high birthweight MoM values. Our findings indicated a significant variation in the oxidative stress pattern between male and female placentae, implying that fetal growth is regulated differently in the two sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Xodo
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DAME, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Lisa Celante
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DAME, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Liviero
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DAME, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Orsaria
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital "Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine", 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Mariuzzi
- Institute of Pathology, DAME, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo De Luca
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital "Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine", 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Academic Hospital "Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine", DAME, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenza Driul
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DAME, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Angelo Cagnacci
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ferino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Eros Di Giorgio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi Xodo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Ambrogio Pietro Londero
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genova, GE, Italy
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Jiang ZD, Wang C, Ping LL, Yin R. Altered maturation in brainstem neural conduction in very premature babies with fetal growth restriction. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1472-1479. [PMID: 36966269 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using maximum length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response (MLS BAER) to study brainstem neural conduction and maturation in fetal growth restriction (FGR) babies born very prematurely and assess the effect of FGR on brainstem neural maturation. METHODS MLS BAER was recorded and analyzed at a mean 40 week postmenstrual age in babies born at 27-32 week gestation without other major perinatal conditions or problems. The data were compared between babies with FGR (n = 30) and age-matched babies without FGR (n = 34) to define any differences. RESULTS A notable difference in MLS BAER was found in interpeak intervals between the babies with FGR and those without FGR. The FGR babies manifested significantly shortened I-III interval, moderately prolonged III-V interval, and significantly decreased III-V/I-III interval ratio. The slope of the I-III interval-rate function in FGR babies was moderately decreased, relative to that in the babies without FGR. CONCLUSION FGR babies born very prematurely are associated with accelerated or precocial neural maturation at caudal brainstem regions, but moderately delayed maturation at rostral brainstem regions. The altered brainstem neural maturation is different from previously reported mildly delayed maturation in FGR babies born less prematurely, and may have important implication for neurodevelopmental outcome. IMPACT This first MLS BAER study in FGR found that brainstem neural maturation in very premature FGR babies differed from age-matched non-FGR babies. Neural maturation in very premature FGR babies is accelerated or precocial at caudal brainstem regions but moderately delayed at rostral brainstem regions. The altered maturation is different from previously reported mild delay in brainstem neural maturation in FGR babies born less prematurely. FGR exerts a major and differential effect on brainstem neural maturation in babies born very prematurely. This alteration in very premature FGR babies may have important implication for their neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Dong Jiang
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cui Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li Ping
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lu X, Mao T, Dai Y, Zhu L, Li X, Ao Y, Wang H. Azithromycin exposure during pregnancy disturbs the fetal development and its characteristic of multi-organ toxicity. Life Sci 2023; 329:121985. [PMID: 37516432 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Azithromycin is widely used in clinical practice for treating maternal infections during pregnancy. Meanwhile, azithromycin, as an "emerging pollutant", is increasingly polluting the environment due to the rapidly increasing usage (especially after the COVID-19). Previous studies have suggested a possible teratogenic risk of prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE), but its effects on fetal multi-organ development are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential impacts of PAzE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We focused on pregnancy outcomes, maternal/fetal serum phenotypes, and fetal multiple organ development in mice at different doses (50/200 mg/kg·d) during late pregnancy or at 200 mg/kg·d during different stages (mid-/late-pregnancy) and courses (single-/multi-course). KEY FINDINGS The results showed PAzE increased the rate of the absorbed fetus during mid-pregnancy and increased the intrauterine growth retardation rate (IUGR) during late pregnancy. PAzE caused multiple blood phenotypic changes in maternal and fetal mice, among which the number and degree of changes in fetal blood indicators were more significant. Moreover, PAzE inhibited long bone/cartilage development and adrenal steroid synthesis, promoting hepatic lipid production and ovarian steroid synthesis in varying degrees. The order of severity might be bone/cartilage > liver > gonads > other organs. PAzE-induced multi-organ alterations differed in stages, courses doses and fetal sex. The most apparent changes might be in high-dose, mid-pregnancy, multi-course, and female, while there was no typical rule for a dose-response relationship. SIGNIFICANCE This study confirmed PAzE could cause fetal developmental abnormalities and multi-organ functional alterations, which deepens the comprehensive understanding of azithromycin's fetal developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tongyun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Ao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Brohan MP, Daly FP, Kelly L, McCarthy FP, Khashan AS, Kublickiene K, Barrett PM. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and long-term risk of maternal stroke-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:248-268. [PMID: 36990309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with a long-term risk for cardiovascular disease among parous patients later in life. However, relatively little is known about whether hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with an increased risk for ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke in later life. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available literature on the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the long-term risk for maternal stroke. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched from inception to December 19, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were only included if the following criteria were met: case-control or cohort studies that were conducted with human participants, were available in English, and that measured the exposure of a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, or superimposed preeclampsia) and the outcome of maternal ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke. METHODS Three reviewers extracted the data and appraised the study quality following the Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for risk of bias assessment. RESULTS The primary outcome was any stroke (undifferentiated) and secondary outcomes included ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The protocol for this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under identifier CRD42021254660. Of 24 studies included (10,632,808 study participants), 8 studies examined more than 1 outcome of interest. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were significantly associated with any stroke (adjusted risk ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-2.10). Preeclampsia was significantly associated with any stroke (adjusted risk ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-1.97), ischemic stroke (adjusted risk ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-2.06), and hemorrhagic stroke (adjusted risk ratio, 2.77; 95% confidence interval, 2.04-3.75). Gestational hypertension was significantly associated with any stroke (adjusted risk ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.26), ischemic stroke (adjusted risk ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.53), and hemorrhagic stroke (adjusted risk ratio, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-6.98). Chronic hypertension was associated with ischemic stroke (adjusted risk ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.19). CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis, exposure to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, seems to be associated with an increased risk for any stroke and ischemic stroke among parous patients in later life. Preventive interventions may be warranted for patients who experience hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to reduce their long-term risk for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Brohan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Fionn P Daly
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise Kelly
- Department of General Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Maternal & Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali S Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Intervention, Science and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter M Barrett
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Braga A, Neves E, Guimarães J, Braga J, Vasconcelos C. Th17 / Treg ratio: A prospective study in a group of pregnant women with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 159:104122. [PMID: 37566960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During pregnancy, the maternal immune system is challenged to tolerate a semi-allogenic fetus. A proinflammatory profile has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes and poor placental development. In this study, the authors evaluated the number of circulating Tregs and Th17 cells in a group of patients diagnosed with preeclampsia(PE) and fetal growth restriction(FGR). METHODS Prospective longitudinal observational study where peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in a cohort of pregnant patients with PE, FGR, and a control group of healthy pregnant women. RESULTS The diagnosis of PE was associated with a significative higher number of circulating Th17 cells and a significative relative reduction in the Treg cell count. This proinflammatory profile was also expressed in the evolution of the Th17/ CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Treg ratio. In the FGR group, the Th17 cell count was significantly higher during the third trimester of pregnancy. This proinflammatory profile was also expressed in the evolution of the Th17/ CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Treg ratio. When we compare the immunological profiles of patients with PE and FGR we observed a higher number of proinflammatory Th17 cells and a significative lower number of Treg cells in PE patients. This is particularly expressed in the differences found between the Th17/ CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Treg ratios of these two groups. Discussion/Conclusion Our data showed a that a proinflammatory profile and a relative excess of Th17 cells was associated with the diagnosis of PE and FGR. A more exuberant systemic proinflammatory profile present in the PE patients is absent in patients with FGR without preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Braga
- Maternal Fetal Unit, Obstetrics Department, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal; Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal.
| | - Esmeralda Neves
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal; Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; Immunology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Judite Guimarães
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; Immunology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Braga
- Maternal Fetal Unit, Obstetrics Department, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal; Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Vasconcelos
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal; Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
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Patronick J, Glazer S, Sidol C, Parikh NA, Wade SL. Parenting Interventions Targeting Behavior for Children Born Preterm or Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:676-687. [PMID: 37290433 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review and summarize the outcomes of parenting interventions designed to improve child and/or parenting behavior for children born preterm and/or low birth weight (LBW). METHODS We conducted systematic searches of Embase, Scopus, PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL in September 2021. We identified articles published at any time that describe the outcomes of parenting interventions targeting the child and/or parenting behavior of children born preterm/LBW and their caregivers. Two independent raters assessed the risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. RESULTS Eight hundred sixteen titles and abstracts were screened, followed by 71 full-text articles, resulting in 24 eligible articles reporting on nine interventions with 1,676 participants. Eligible articles had an adequate risk of bias ratings. Sample characteristics, intervention components, and intervention effects were tabulated and described narratively by the intervention type. Preventative and treatment programs demonstrated positive intervention effects on externalizing behavior, parenting stress, and parenting behaviors, with mixed effects on internalizing behavior and emotion regulation. The few studies with longitudinal follow-up found little evidence of effects beyond 6 months postintervention. CONCLUSION Behavior problems in children born preterm/LBW may be modifiable, and interventions targeting parenting behavior are promising. However, existing interventions may not produce long-lasting changes and are not designed for children older than four. Existing treatment programs may require adaptation for the neurocognitive, medical, and family needs of children born preterm/LBW (e.g., processing speed deficits, post-traumatic stress). Interventions that account for theories of sustained change may promote long-term effectiveness and the developmental tailoring of parenting skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Patronick
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, USA
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - Sandra Glazer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, USA
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - Craig Sidol
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - Nehal A Parikh
- The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Shari L Wade
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
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Ahmadzadeh E, Dudink I, Walker DW, Sutherland AE, Pham Y, Stojanovska V, Polglase GR, Miller SL, Allison BJ. The medullary serotonergic centres involved in cardiorespiratory control are disrupted by fetal growth restriction. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37641535 DOI: 10.1113/jp284971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with cardiovascular and respiratory complications after birth and beyond. Despite research showing a range of neurological changes following FGR, little is known about how FGR affects the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres. The primary neurons that release serotonin reside in the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres and may be affected by FGR. At two time points in the last trimester of sheep brain development, 110 and 127 days of gestation (0.74 and 0.86 of gestation), we assessed histopathological alterations in the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres of the pons and medulla in early-onset FGR versus control fetal sheep. The FGR cohort were hypoxaemic and asymmetrically growth restricted. Compared to the controls, the brainstem of FGR fetuses exhibited signs of neuropathology, including elevated cell death and reduced cell proliferation, grey and white matter deficits, and evidence of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. FGR brainstem pathology was predominantly observed in the medullary raphé nuclei, hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus ambiguous, solitary tract and nucleus of the solitary tract. The FGR groups showed imbalanced brainstem serotonin and serotonin 1A receptor abundance in the medullary raphé nuclei, despite evidence of increased serotonin staining within vascular regions of placentomes collected from FGR fetuses. Our findings demonstrate both early and adaptive brainstem neuropathology in response to placental insufficiency. KEY POINTS: Early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) was induced in fetal sheep, resulting in chronic fetal hypoxaemia. Growth-restricted fetuses exhibit persistent neuropathology in brainstem nuclei, characterised by disrupted cell proliferation and reduced neuronal cell number within critical centres responsible for the regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions. Elevated brainstem inflammation and oxidative stress suggest potential mechanisms contributing to the observed neuropathological changes. Both placental and brainstem levels of 5-HT were found to be impaired following FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadzadeh
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid Dudink
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Mayer-Pickel K, Nanda M, Gajic M, Cervar-Zivkovic M. Preeclampsia and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2298. [PMID: 37626793 PMCID: PMC10452741 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by venous or arterial thrombosis and/or adverse pregnancy outcome in the presence of persistent laboratory evidence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Preeclampsia complicates about 10-17% of pregnancies with APS. However, only early onset preeclampsia (<34 weeks of gestation) belongs to the clinical criteria of APS. The similarities in the pathophysiology of early onset preeclampsia and APS emphasize an association of these two syndromes. Overall, both are the result of a defective trophoblast invasion and decidual transformation at early gestation. Women with APS are at increased risk for prematurity; the reasons are mostly iatrogenic due to placental dysfunction, such as preeclampsia or FGR. Interestingly, women with APS have also an increased risk for preterm delivery, even in the absence of FGR and preeclampsia, and therefore it is not indicated but spontaneous. The basic treatment of APS in pregnancy is low-dose aspirin and low-molecular-weight heparin. Nevertheless, up to 20-30% of women develop complications at early and late gestation, despite basic treatment. Several additional treatment options have been proposed, with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) being one of the most efficient. Additionally, nutritional interventions, such as intake of vitamin D, have shown promising beneficial effects. Curcumin, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, might be considered as an additional intervention as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Mayer-Pickel
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.N.); (M.G.); (M.C.-Z.)
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Lip-Sosa DL, Pérez-Cruz M, Ahumada-Droguett P, Ribas-Prats T, Puertollano M, García-Gómez MA, Mazarico E, Eixarch E, Escera C, Gómez-Roig MD. Corpus callosum-fastigium and tectal lengths in late-onset small fetuses. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 62:226-233. [PMID: 36722073 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate measurements on neurosonography of midbrain morphology, including corpus callosum-fastigium length and tectal length, in late-onset small fetuses subclassified as small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or growth-restricted (FGR). METHODS This was a case-control study of consecutive singleton pregnancies delivered at term at a single center between January 2019 and July 2021, including those with late-onset smallness (estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 10th centile) and appropriate-for-gestational-age controls matched by age at neurosonography. Small fetuses were further subdivided into SGA (EFW between 3rd and 9th centile and normal fetoplacental Doppler) and FGR (EFW < 3rd centile or EFW < 10th centile with abnormal cerebroplacental ratio and/or uterine artery Doppler). Transvaginal neurosonography was performed at a mean ± SD gestational age of 33 ± 1 weeks in all fetuses to evaluate corpus callosum-fastigium length and tectal length in the midsagittal plane. Intra- and interobserver agreement was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS A total of 70 fetuses with late-onset smallness (29 with SGA and 41 with FGR) and 70 controls were included. Compared with controls, small fetuses showed significantly shorter corpus callosum-fastigium length (median (interquartile range), 44.7 (43.3-46.8) mm vs 43.7 (42.4-45.5) mm, P < 0.001) and tectal length (mean ± SD, 10.5 ± 0.9 vs 9.6 ± 1.0 mm, P < 0.001). These changes were more prominent in FGR fetuses, with a linear trend across groups according to severity of smallness. Corpus callosum-fastigium length and tectal length measurements showed excellent intra- and interobserver reliability. CONCLUSIONS Small fetuses exhibited shorter corpus callosum-fastigium length and tectal length compared with controls, and these differences were more pronounced in fetuses with more severe smallness. These findings illustrate the potential value of midbrain measurements assessed on neurosonography as biomarkers for brain development in a high-risk population. However, further studies correlating these parameters with postnatal functional tests and follow-up are needed. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Lip-Sosa
- BCNatal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Cruz
- BCNatal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Ahumada-Droguett
- BCNatal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Ribas-Prats
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Puertollano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A García-Gómez
- BCNatal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Mazarico
- BCNatal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Eixarch
- BCNatal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Escera
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M D Gómez-Roig
- BCNatal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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