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Khan I, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khan A, Ashraf A, Zou X. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101255. [PMID: 37838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Azqa Ashraf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2666100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Bezerra AF, Alves JPM, Fernandes CCL, Cavalcanti CM, Silva MRL, Conde AJH, Palomino GJQ, Teixeira DÍA, do Rego AC, Rodrigues APR, Rondina D. Impact of high-fat diet consumption during prolonged period of pregnancy on placenta structures and umbilical vascular growth in goats. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230019. [PMID: 37228691 PMCID: PMC10205057 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the impact of high-fat diet consumption for a prolonged period on oxidative stress, fetal growth, umbilical vascular system, and placental structures in pregnant goats. Twenty-two pregnant goats were grouped into the control diet (n= 11) and fat diet (n = 11). Flaxseed meal was added to the fat diet, replacing the corn grain of concentrate, from gestational day 100 to delivery date. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, differing in fat content (2.8% vs. 6.3% dry matter). The fat group showed higher feed intake and total plasma lipid levels than the control group (P < 0.001). No difference was found in placentome, and umbilical vascular development. Fat diet-fed goats exhibited a lower systolic peak in the umbilical artery. At delivery, placental traits were similar with the exception of the cotyledon width (P = 0.0075), which was smaller in the fat group and cotyledon surface (P = 0.0047) for multiple pregnancy of fat diet. Cotyledonary epithelium showed more intense staining of lipid droplets and a greater area for lipofuscin staining in the fat group compared to control group (P < 0.001). The mean live weight of the kids was lower in the fat group in the first week after delivery than in control group. Thus, in goats, the continuous administration of a high-fat diet during pregnancy does not appear to modify the fetal-maternal vascular structures but has an impact on a part of the placental structure; therefore, its use must be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Davide Rondina
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Faculdade de Veterinária, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Dec K, Alsaqati M, Morgan J, Deshpande S, Wood J, Hall J, Harwood AJ. A high ratio of linoleic acid (n-6 PUFA) to alpha-linolenic acid (n-3 PUFA) adversely affects early stage of human neuronal differentiation and electrophysiological activity of glutamatergic neurons in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1166808. [PMID: 37255597 PMCID: PMC10225581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1166808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is a growing interest in the possibility of dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for treatment and prevention of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Studies have suggested that of the two important classes of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids support brain development and function, and when used as a dietary supplement may have beneficial effects for maintenance of a healthy brain. However, to date epidemiological studies and clinical trials on children and adults have been inconclusive regarding treatment length, dosage and use of specific n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The aim of this study is to generate a simplified in vitro cell-based model system to test how different n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratios affect human-derived neurons activity as a cellular correlate for brain function and to probe the mechanism of their action. Methods: All experiments were performed by use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this study, we examined the effect of different ratios of linoleic acid (n-6) to alpha-linolenic acid in cell growth medium on induced pluripotent stem cell proliferation, generation of neuronal precursors and electrophysiology of cortical glutamatergic neurons by multielectrode array (MEA) analysis. Results: This study shows that at a n-6:n-3 ratio of 5:1 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce stem cell proliferation, generating a large increase in number of cells after 72 h treatment; suppress generation of neuronal progenitor cells, as measured by decreased expression of FOXG1 and Nestin in neuronal precursor cells (NPC) after 20 days of development; and disrupt neuronal activity in vitro, increasing spontaneous neuronal firing, reducing synchronized bursting receptor subunits. We observed no significant differences for neuronal precursor cells treated with ratios 1:3 and 3:1, in comparison to 1:1 control ratio, but higher ratios of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids adversely affect early stages of neuronal differentiation. Moreover, a 5:1 ratio in cortical glutamatergic neurons induce expression of GABA receptors which may explain the observed abnormal electrophysiological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dec
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Mouhamed Alsaqati
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Morgan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Sumukh Deshpande
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Wood
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Harwood
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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Rasool A, Mahmoud T, O’Tierney-Ginn P. Lipid Aldehydes 4-Hydroxynonenal and 4-Hydroxyhexenal Exposure Differentially Impact Lipogenic Pathways in Human Placenta. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040527. [PMID: 37106728 PMCID: PMC10135722 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), such as the omega-6 (n-6) arachidonic acid (AA) and n-3 docosahexanoic acid (DHA), have a vital role in normal fetal development and placental function. Optimal supply of these LCPUFAs to the fetus is critical for improving birth outcomes and preventing programming of metabolic diseases in later life. Although not explicitly required/recommended, many pregnant women take n-3 LCPUFA supplements. Oxidative stress can cause these LCPUFAs to undergo lipid peroxidation, creating toxic compounds called lipid aldehydes. These by-products can lead to an inflammatory state and negatively impact tissue function, though little is known about their effects on the placenta. Placental exposure to two major lipid aldehydes, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE), caused by peroxidation of the AA and DHA, respectively, was examined in the context of lipid metabolism. We assessed the impact of exposure to 25 μM, 50 μM and 100 μM of 4-HNE or 4-HHE on 40 lipid metabolism genes in full-term human placenta. 4-HNE increased gene expression associated with lipogenesis and lipid uptake (ACC, FASN, ACAT1, FATP4), and 4-HHE decreased gene expression associated with lipogenesis and lipid uptake (SREBP1, SREBP2, LDLR, SCD1, MFSD2a). These results demonstrate that these lipid aldehydes differentially affect expression of placental FA metabolism genes in the human placenta and may have implications for the impact of LCPUFA supplementation in environments of oxidative stress.
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Pielesz A, Biniaś D, Waksmańska W, Bobiński R. Lipid bands of approx. 1740 cm -1 as spectral biomarkers and image of tissue oxidative stress. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121926. [PMID: 36257216 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies with the use of FTIR and FTR methods to find spectroscopic biomarkers within the 1740 cm-1 band of pathological tissues found that oxidative stress, including damage to epidermis and structural changes in pathological amnion and placenta tissue, are associated with the occurrence of products of lipid peroxidation and have impact on fluidity and transport function of membranes. In particular, the findings show that the absence of a marker lipid band of approx. 1743 cm-1 and the occurrence of a minimum of 1764 cm-1 (FTIR) and 1734 cm-1 (FTR) testify to the integrity and absence of damage in the allogeneic dermis, while the presence the 1743 or 1747 cm-1 bands indicates denaturation of the thermally or electrically burned epidermis. The absence of a marker lipid band of approx. 1736-1740 cm-1 for a healthy placental and amniotic tissue and the presence of a band of 1740 cm-1 indicate placental gestosis, while the presence of a band of 1742 cm-1 indicates hypotrophy. The 1738 cm-1 bands indicate amniotic macrosomia. Structural changes caused by tissue modification with antioxidants, which were observed on individual samples: the L-ascorbic acid (presence of a lipid band marker at a frequency of 1755 cm-1), sodium ascorbate (disappearance of the marker band), orthosilicic acid (disappearance or decrease in the intensity of the marker band with a decrease in the concentration of the modifier), as well as graphene oxide (separation of the marker lipid band of 1755 cm-1), inform us about the effect of modifiers on the tissue repair process. The studies also tracked spectral changes identified in serum. Withing the range of the lipid band and the amide I and II bands (α → β conversion), there are clear differences between normal and pathological serum lyophilisates and a sample analyzed from the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pielesz
- University of Bielsko-Biała, Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul. Willowa 2, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Dorota Biniaś
- University of Bielsko-Biała, Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul. Willowa 2, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Wioletta Waksmańska
- University of Bielsko-Biała, Faculty of Health Sciences, ul. Willowa 2, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- University of Bielsko-Biała, Faculty of Health Sciences, ul. Willowa 2, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Small-for-Gestational-Age: An Insight into the Placental Molecular Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032240. [PMID: 36768564 PMCID: PMC9916826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) are two metabolic-related diseases that could affect women during pregnancy. Considering that the chorionic villi (CVs) are crucial structures for the feto-maternal exchange, the alterations in their conformation have been linked to an imbalanced metabolic environment of placenta. In this study, a multidisciplinary approach has been carried out to describe the changes occurring in the placental CVs of GDM and SGA patients. The results revealed higher levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and catalase (CAT), especially in the GDM placentae, which could be correlated with the hyperglycemic environment characteristic of this pathology. Furthermore, spectroscopy and histologic analyses revealed that both pathologies modify the placental lipid composition altering its structure. However, SGA induces lipid peroxidation and reduces collagen deposition within the CVs. Since the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in placentation and different metabolic activities, the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV-1) were analyzed. No changes have been observed either at general or specific levels in the CVs comparing control and pathological samples, suggesting the non-involvement of the cannabinoid system in these two pathologies.
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Broś-Konopielko M, Białek A, Johne M, Czajkowski K. Increased LC PUFA Levels in the Serum of Pregnant Women and Their Children as a Result of Dietary Supplementation with 'Omega' Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2023; 15:231. [PMID: 36615888 PMCID: PMC9824740 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential fatty acids (EFA) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) are considered the most valuable bioactive fatty acids (FA) of the greatest importance for the mother’s and child’s health (e.g., placentation process, labor course, development of the central nervous system, visual acuity, cognitive functions), which results in dietary recommendations concerning EFA and LC PUFA intake in the diet of pregnant women. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of different food products consumption and ‘omega’ dietary supplements usage in groups of pregnant women. We also measured n-3 and n-6 FA content in serum samples of pregnant women and their children with the GC-FID technique, estimated the efficacy of applied supplementation, and compared the usefulness of different dietary supplements dedicated for pregnant women. ‘Omega’ dietary supplements effectively increased LC PUFA in the maternal blood (EPA, p = 0.0379; DHA p < 0.0001; n-3 PUFA, p < 0.0001), which penetrated the umbilical cord (EPA, p = 0.0131; DHA, p = 0.0288). If fish and seafood consumption is not enough, dietary supplements of the highest quality may provide sufficient LC PUFA without apprehension of MetHg contamination. ‘Omega’ dietary supplementation seems the most efficient way of providing an optimal supply of LC PUFA for the developing child from the earliest stages of development, which will bring advantages in the child’s future life and its health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Broś-Konopielko
- II Faculty and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Monika Johne
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czajkowski
- II Faculty and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
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Rosa-Velazquez M, Wang Y, Sanders A, Pyle S, Garcia LG, Bohrer BM, Relling AE. Effects of maternal dietary fatty acids during mid-gestation on growth, glucose metabolism, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of lamb progeny that were fed differing levels of dry matter of intake. Meat Sci 2022; 194:108991. [PMID: 36152601 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This experiment evaluated growth, glucose metabolism, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of market lambs that were offered ad libitum or restricted (85% of ad libitum) feed intake following two different maternal fatty acid (FA) supplementations while in-utero. Ewes received either a diet supplemented with polyunsaturated FA or saturated/monounsaturated FA during mid- to late-gestation. Following weaning, progeny wethers were fed either ad libitum or a restricted level of feed intake. Ewe FA supplementation did not affect (P ≥ 0.11) growth, meat quality, nor plasma glucose or insulin concentrations of the progeny. Carcass body fat and yield grade of the progeny were affected (P = 0.01) by maternal FA supplementation and restricted feed intake. In summary, maternal FA supplementation did not affect progeny growth, while feed restriction during finishing did not affect meat quality. The interaction between maternal FA supplementation and finishing strategy for body fat accretion indicates that metabolism and the supply of FA during gestation may warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milca Rosa-Velazquez
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Allison Sanders
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Shannon Pyle
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Lyda G Garcia
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Bohrer
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Li LJ, Wu J, Chen Z, Weir NL, Tsai MY, Albert P, Zhang C. Plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids composition in early pregnancy and fetal growth trajectories throughout pregnancy: Findings from the US fetal growth studies-singletons cohort. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104180. [PMID: 35853297 PMCID: PMC9294651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate plasma phospholipid PUFA levels in early pregnancy and fetal growth trajectories throughout pregnancy. Methods Within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies–Singleton Cohort, we enrolled 2,802 pregnant women at gestational weeks 8–13 and randomly assigned them to four ultrasonogram schedules to capture weekly fetal growth throughout pregnancy. Eleven plasma phospholipid PUFAs were measured at early pregnancy using blood samples collected from a subsample of 321 pregnant women. We modeled fetal growth trajectories across tertiles of PUFAs with cubic splines using linear mixed models after adjusting for major confounders. We then compared pairwise weekly fetal growth biometrics referencing the lowest tertile in each PUFA using the Wald test. Findings Among plasma n-3 PUFAs in early pregnancy, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n3) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n3) showed positive associations with all fetal growth measurements. For instance, compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of DHA had greater estimated fetal growth (EFW) and abdominal circumference (AC), starting at 13 weeks of gestation and throughout pregnancy (at gestational week 38: 3235.3 vs. 3089.0 g for EFW; 344.6 vs. 339.2 mm for AC). As for plasma n-6 PUFAs, some showed positive associations (e.g., linoleic acid [LA], 18:2n6) while others (e.g., docosatetraenoic acid [DTA], 22:4n6) showed inverse associations with fetal growth measures. Interpretation Our data suggested that higher plasma levels of DHA and ALA in the first trimester were associated with increased fetal size and weight throughout subsequent pregnancy. Funding National Institute of Child Health and Human Development intramural funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Li
- Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Global Centre for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality (ACRLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Wu
- Glotech Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalie L Weir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul Albert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Global Centre for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality (ACRLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Abstract
Nutrition in pregnant mothers has long been known to be an important determinant of fetal/maternal outcomes. In general, the typical American diet shows opportunities for improvement. The intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber may be below recommended levels, but the relative proportion of sodium, fats, and carbohydrates seems high. In this review, we present current evidence on how the fetal/neonatal outcomes may be altered by maternal nutrition at the time of conception, fetal nutrition in utero, contribution of maternal dietary factors in fetal outcomes, weight gain during pregnancy, diabetes during pregnancy, fetal growth restriction (FGR), maternal nutritional status during later pregnancy, and pregnancy in adolescent mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Jain
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Sunil K Jain
- Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Abstract
Fatty acids are critical bioactives for fetal and neonatal development. Premature delivery and current nutritional strategies pose several challenges in restoring fatty acid balance in the preterm infant. The impact on fatty acid balance and outcomes using lipid emulsions, enteral nutrition, and enteral supplements are reviewed, including a summary of the most recent large clinical trials of enteral fatty acid supplementation for the preterm infant. Research gaps remain in successfully implementing nutritional strategies to optimize fatty acid status in preterm infants.
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Liu X, Fu H, Wen L, Zhu F, Wu Y, Chen Z, Saffery R, Chen C, Qi H, Tong C, Baker PN, Kilby MD. The Metabolic Signatures of Surviving Cotwins in Cases of Single Intrauterine Fetal Death During Monochorionic Diamniotic Pregnancy: A Prospective Case-Control Study. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:799902. [PMID: 35463954 PMCID: PMC9024353 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.799902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Single intrauterine fetal death (sIUFD) in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancy may be associated with adverse clinical outcomes and possible metabolic changes in the surviving co-twin. Metabolomic profiling has not been undertaken before in these complex twin pregnancies.Methods: In this prospectively collected case-control study, three cross-cohort comparisons were made between sIUFD MCDA (n = 16), uncomplicated MCDA (n = 16, eight pairs), and uncomplicated singleton pregnancies (n = 8). To identify major sources of variation within the sIUFD MCDA cohort, a secondary comparison was conducted between spontaneous sIUFD (n = 8) and sIUFD in MCDA twins due to selective termination of a single abnormal fetus by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (n = 8). Metabolomics analysis of placental tissue and umbilical cord plasma was performed using LC-MS profiling. The underlying metabolic networks and pathways were analyzed by web-based platforms. Associations and statistical correlations of all identified differential metabolites with neonatal birthweight and birth length were assessed by multivariable linear regression, adjusted for maternal age and gestation.Results: Across four comparisons, 131 and 111 differential metabolites were identified in placental tissue and cord plasma, respectively, with the highest variation seen between the spontaneous vs. single-induced IUFD in MCDA twins by RFA in the cord plasma. Conversely, the number of viable fetuses and the presence of sIUFD in MCDA twins had the highest impact on metabolite variation in placental tissue. Compounds correlated with fetal growth including placental acylcarnitines and gangliosides, along with specific amino acids (e.g., histidinyl-hydroxyproline), xenobiotics and biliverdin in cord plasma.Conclusion: sIUFD in MCDA twin pregnancy correlates with distinctive metabolic signatures, mostly in fatty acyls and complex lipids, in placental tissue and cord plasma of the surviving cotwin. Some metabolites are also associated with fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Tong, ; Li Wen, ; Hongbo Qi,
| | - Fangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Women and Children’s Health Center, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Tong, ; Li Wen, ; Hongbo Qi,
| | - Chao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Tong, ; Li Wen, ; Hongbo Qi,
| | - Philip N. Baker
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Kilby
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Rosa-Velazquez M, Pinos-Rodriguez JM, Parker AJ, Relling AE. Maternal supply of a source of omega-3 fatty acids and methionine during late gestation on the offspring's growth, metabolism, carcass characteristic, and liver's mRNA expression in sheep. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6523125. [PMID: 35137115 PMCID: PMC9037365 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of maternal supplementation with fatty acids (FAs) and methionine (Met) during late gestation on offspring growth, energy metabolism, plasma resolvin (RvD1) concentration, carcass characteristics, and hepatic mRNA expression. Ewes (5 pens/treatment; 3 ewes/pen) blocked by body weight (BW) were assigned to one of four treatments from day 100 of gestation until lambing. The treatments were: basal diet (NS) without FAs or Met supplementation; FA supplementation (FS; 1.01 % of Ca salts, containing n-3 FA); Met supplementation (MS; 0.1 % of rumen-protected methionine); and FS and MS (FS-MS). At birth (day 0), ewes and lambs were placed in a common pen. On day 60, lambs were weaned, sorted by sex, blocked by BW, and placed on a common finishing diet for 54 d (FP). A lamb per pen was used for a glucose tolerance test (GTT) after the FP. Carcass characteristics were recorded on day 56. Lamb data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with repeated measurements when needed (SAS 9.4). At weaning, lambs born to MS- or FS-fed ewes were heavier than lambs born from FS-MS ewes (FS × MS × Time; P = 0.02). A marginal significant FS × MS interaction (P = 0.09) was also observed on RvD1; lambs born to ewes in the NS and FS-MS treatments showed a lower RvD1 plasma concentration when compared with lambs born to FS- or MS-fed ewes. Lambs born to dams fed FA showed an increase (P = 0.05) in liver COX-2 mRNA relative expression. Lambs born to ewes supplemented with Met showed an increase (P = 0.03) in liver FABP4 mRNA expression. An FS × MS × Time interaction (P = 0.07) was observed in plasma glucose during the GTT; lambs born from FS-fed ewes showed lower plasma glucose concentration than lambs born to Met-supplemented ewes at 2 min after bolus administration. During the GTT, a marginal significant effect (P = 0.06) was observed for the lamb average insulin concentration due to maternal Met supplementation during late gestation, where these lambs had the lowest plasma concentration. Contrary to our hypothesis, the interaction of FA and Met supplementation during late gestation did not show a greater positive effect on offspring postnatal growth and metabolism. However, the individual supplementation of each nutrient has an effect on offspring development with a concomitant change in markers involved in the inflammatory response and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milca Rosa-Velazquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, Mexico,Department of Animal Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | | | - Anthony J Parker
- Department of Animal Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Alejandro E Relling
- Department of Animal Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,Corresponding author:
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14
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Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal Fatty Acid Metabolism in Pregnancy and Its Consequences in the Feto-Placental Development. Front Physiol 2022; 12:787848. [PMID: 35126178 PMCID: PMC8811195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.787848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal plasma fatty acids are critically required for cell growth and development, cell signaling, and the development of critical structural and functional aspects of the feto-placental unit. In addition, the fatty acids modulate the early stages of placental development by regulating angiogenesis in the first-trimester human placenta. Preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during the third trimester is critical for optimal fetal brain development. Maternal status such as obesity, diabetes, and dietary intakes may affect the functional changes in lipid metabolic processes in maternal-fetal lipid transport and metabolism. Fatty acids traverse the placental membranes via several plasma membrane fatty acid transport/binding proteins (FAT, FATP, p-FABPpm, and FFARs) and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). This review discusses the maternal metabolism of fatty acids and their effects on early placentation, placental fatty acid transport and metabolism, and their roles in feto-placental growth and development. The review also highlights how maternal fat metabolism modulates lipid processing, including transportation, esterification, and oxidation of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Asim K. Duttaroy,
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
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15
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Rousseau-Ralliard D, Aubrière MC, Daniel N, Dahirel M, Morin G, Prézelin A, Bertrand J, Rey C, Chavatte-Palmer P, Couturier-Tarrade A. Importance of Windows of Exposure to Maternal High-Fat Diet and Feto-Placental Effects: Discrimination Between Pre-conception and Gestational Periods in a Rabbit Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:784268. [PMID: 34899400 PMCID: PMC8656279 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.784268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Context and Aim: Lipid overnutrition in female rabbits, from prepuberty, leads to impaired metabolism (dyslipidemia and increased adiposity) and follicular atresia, and, when continued during gestation, affects offspring phenotype with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and leads to placental and lipid metabolism abnormalities. Growth retardation is already observed in embryo stage, indicating a possible implication of periconceptional exposure. The objective of this study was to discriminate the effects of preconception and gestational exposures on feto-placental development. Materials and Methods: Rabbit 1-day zygotes were collected from female donors under control (CD) or high-fat-high-cholesterol (HD) diet and surgically transferred to the left and right uterus, respectively, of each H (n = 6) or C (n = 7) synchronized recipients. Close to term, four combinations, CC (n = 10), CH (n = 13), HC (n = 13), and HH (n = 6), of feto-placental units were collected, for biometry analyses. Fatty acid (FA) profiles were determined in placental labyrinth, decidua, fetal plasma, and fetal liver by gas chromatography and explored further by principal component analysis (PCA). Candidate gene expression was also analyzed by RT-qPCR in the placenta and fetal liver. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s pairwise comparison test. Combinations of different data sets were combined and explored by multifactorial analysis (MFA). Results: Compared to controls, HH fetuses were hypotrophic with reduced placental efficiency and altered organogenesis, CH presented heavier placenta but less efficient, whereas HC presented a normal biometry. However, the MFA resulted in a good separation of the four groups, discriminating the effects of each period of exposure. HD during gestation led to reduced gene expression (nutrient transport and metabolism) and big changes in FA profiles in both tissues with increased membrane linoleic acid, lipid storage, and polyunsaturated-to-saturated FA ratios. Pre-conception exposure had a major effect on fetal biometry and organogenesis in HH, with specific changes in FA profiles (increased MUFAs and decreased LCPUFAs). Conclusion: Embryo origin left traces in end-gestation feto-placental unit; however, maternal diet during gestation played a major role, either negative (HD) or positive (control). Thus, an H embryo developed favorably when transferred to a C recipient (HC) with normal biometry at term, despite disturbed and altered FA profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Christine Aubrière
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nathalie Daniel
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Michèle Dahirel
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Audrey Prézelin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
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16
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Maréchal L, Sicotte B, Caron V, Brochu M, Tremblay A. Fetal Cardiac Lipid Sensing Triggers an Early and Sex-related Metabolic Energy Switch in Intrauterine Growth Restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3295-3311. [PMID: 34245263 PMCID: PMC8530737 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an immediate outcome of an adverse womb environment, exposing newborns to developing cardiometabolic disorders later in life. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the cardiac metabolic consequences and underlying mechanism of energy expenditure in developing fetuses under conditions of IUGR. METHODS Using an animal model of IUGR characterized by uteroplacental vascular insufficiency, mitochondrial function, gene profiling, lipidomic analysis, and transcriptional assay were determined in fetal cardiac tissue and cardiomyocytes. RESULTS IUGR fetuses exhibited an upregulation of key genes associated with fatty acid breakdown and β-oxidation (Acadvl, Acadl, Acaa2), and mitochondrial carnitine shuttle (Cpt1a, Cpt2), instigating a metabolic gene reprogramming in the heart. Induction of Ech1, Acox1, Acox3, Acsl1, and Pex11a indicated a coordinated interplay with peroxisomal β-oxidation and biogenesis mainly observed in females, suggesting sexual dimorphism in peroxisomal activation. Concurring with the sex-related changes, mitochondrial respiration rates were stronger in IUGR female fetal cardiomyocytes, accounting for enhanced adenosine 5'-triphosphate production. Mitochondrial biogenesis was induced in fetal hearts with elevated expression of Ppargc1a transcript specifically in IUGR females. Lipidomic analysis identified the accumulation of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in IUGR fetal hearts, which leads to nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) transcriptional activation in cardiomyocytes. Also, the enrichment of H3K27ac chromatin marks to PPARα-responsive metabolic genes in IUGR fetal hearts outlines an epigenetic control in the early metabolic energy switch. CONCLUSION This study describes a premature and sex-related remodeling of cardiac metabolism in response to an unfavorable intrauterine environment, with specific LCFAs that may serve as predictive effectors leading to IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïze Maréchal
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Benoit Sicotte
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Véronique Caron
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Michèle Brochu
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - André Tremblay
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada
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17
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Broś-Konopielko M, Białek A, Oleszczuk-Modzelewska L, Zaleśkiewicz B, Różańska-Walędziak A, Czajkowski K. Nutritional, Anthropometric and Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Fatty Acids Profile of Pregnant Women's Serum at Labour-Chemometric Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:2948. [PMID: 34578833 PMCID: PMC8470577 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet influences the health of pregnant women and their children in prenatal, postnatal and adult periods. GC-FID fatty acids profile analysis in maternal serum and a survey of dietary habits were performed in 161 pregnant patients from the II Faculty and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Medical University of Warsaw. Their diet did not fulfil all nutritional recommendations regarding dietary fat sources. Olive and rapeseed oil were the most popular edible oils. High usage of sunflower oil as well as high consumption of butter were also observed, whereas fish and fish oil intake by pregnant women was low. A chemometric approach for nutritional data, connected with anthropometric, sociodemographic and biochemical parameters regarding mothers and newborns, was conducted for diet and its impact estimation. It revealed four clusters of patients with differing fatty acids profile, which resulted from differences in their dietary habits. Multiparous women to a lesser extent followed dietary recommendations, which resulted in deterioration of fatty acids profile and higher frequency of complications. Observed high usage of sunflower oil is disquieting due to its lower oxidative stability, whereas high butter consumption is beneficial due to conjugated linoleic acids supply. Pregnant women should also be encouraged to introduce fish and fish oil into their diet, as these products are rich sources of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA). Multiparous women should be given special medical care by medical providers (physicians, midwifes and dietitians) and growing attention from the government to diminish the risk of possible adverse effects affecting mother and child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Broś-Konopielko
- II Faculty and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Zaleśkiewicz
- II Faculty and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Różańska-Walędziak
- II Faculty and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czajkowski
- II Faculty and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101116. [PMID: 34293403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic diseases are thought to be driven by the abnormal flow of fatty acids either from the dietary origin and/or released from adipose stores. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids are facilitated ubiquitously with unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in every tissue. Extensive data are emerging on the defective transporters and metabolism of LCFAs and their clinical implications. Uptake and metabolism of LCFAs are crucial for the brain's functional development and cardiovascular health and maintenance. In addition, data suggest fatty acid metabolic transporter can normalize activated inflammatory response by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancers. Here we review the current understanding of how LCFAs and their proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of three crucial diseases and the mechanisms involved in the processes.
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19
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Zou R, El Marroun H, Voortman T, Hillegers M, White T, Tiemeier H. Maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and offspring brain development in childhood. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:124-133. [PMID: 33742211 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests an association of maternal PUFA concentrations during pregnancy with child cognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes such as intelligence and autistic traits. However, little is known about prenatal maternal PUFAs in relation to child brain development, which may underlie these associations. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association of maternal PUFA status during pregnancy with child brain morphology, including volumetric and white matter microstructure measures. METHODS This study was embedded in a prospective population-based study. In total, 1553 mother-child dyads of Dutch origin were included. Maternal plasma glycerophospholipid PUFAs were assessed in midpregnancy. Child brain morphologic outcomes, including total gray and white matter volumes, as well as white matter microstructure quantified by global fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, were measured using MRI (including diffusion tensor imaging) at age 9-11 y. RESULTS Maternal ω-3 (n-3) long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) concentrations during pregnancy had an inverted U-shaped relation with child total gray volume (linear term: β: 16.7; 95% CI: 2.0, 31.5; quadratic term: β: -1.1; 95% CI: -2.1, -0.07) and total white matter volume (linear term: β: 15.7; 95% CI: 3.6, 27.8; quadratic term: β: -1.0; 95% CI: -1.8, -0.16). Maternal gestational ω-6 LC-PUFA concentrations did not predict brain volumetric differences in children, albeit the linolenic acid concentration was inversely associated with child total white matter volume. Maternal PUFA status during pregnancy was not related to child white matter microstructure. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient maternal ω-3 PUFAs during pregnancy may be related to more optimal child brain development in the long term. In particular, exposure to lower ω-3 PUFA concentrations in fetal life was associated with less brain volume in childhood. Maternal ω-6 LC-PUFAs were not related to child brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Zou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Basak S, Mallick R, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Maternal Supply of Both Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Is Required for Optimal Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2021; 13:2061. [PMID: 34208549 PMCID: PMC8234848 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last trimester of gestation and for the first 18 months after birth, both docosahexaenoic acid,22:6n-3 (DHA) and arachidonic acid,20:4n-6 (ARA) are preferentially deposited within the cerebral cortex at a rapid rate. Although the structural and functional roles of DHA in brain development are well investigated, similar roles of ARA are not well documented. The mode of action of these two fatty acids and their derivatives at different structural-functional roles and their levels in the gene expression and signaling pathways of the brain have been continuously emanating. In addition to DHA, the importance of ARA has been much discussed in recent years for fetal and postnatal brain development and the maternal supply of ARA and DHA. These fatty acids are also involved in various brain developmental processes; however, their mechanistic cross talks are not clearly known yet. This review describes the importance of ARA, in addition to DHA, in supporting the optimal brain development and growth and functional roles in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500 007, India;
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India; (A.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India; (A.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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21
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Hosseinkhani S, Dehghanbanadaki H, Aazami H, Pasalar P, Asadi M, Razi F. Association of circulating omega 3, 6 and 9 fatty acids with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:120. [PMID: 34130655 PMCID: PMC8207652 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risks of disease for mother and child during pregnancy and after that. Early diagnosis of GDM would promote both maternal and fetal health. Metabolomics can simplify and develop our understanding of the etiology, manifestation, or pathophysiology of the disease. This systematic review investigates the association of circulating omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids with GDM. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases up to May 8, 2020, using the key term combinations of all types of omega fatty acids with gestational diabetes mellitus. Additional articles were identified through searching the reference lists of included studies. RESULTS This systematic review included 15 articles. Five were cohort studies, four included nested case-control studies and four were case-control studies. The results of this study demonstrate an increasing trend in the amount of oleic acid and palmitoleic acid in the second trimester and an increase in decosahexanoic acid in the third trimester of GDM mothers. The changes in other fatty acids of interest are either not significant or if significant, their results are inconsistent with the other existing articles. CONCLUSIONS Omega fatty acids, as potential biomarkers, are considered to be associated with GDM risk and thus provide useful information regarding the prevention and early diagnosis of GDM. Moreover, existing metabolomic studies on GDM are shown to provide conflicting results about metabolite profile characteristics. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO ( www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO ) as CRD42020196122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Pasalar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Roberti SL, Gatti CR, Fornes D, Higa R, Jawerbaum A. Diets enriched in PUFAs at an early postimplantation stage prevent embryo resorptions and impaired mTOR signaling in the decidua from diabetic rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108765. [PMID: 33965535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes increases the risk of embryo resorptions and impairs embryo development. Decidualization is crucial for embryo development and regulated by mTOR signaling. However, little is known about how maternal diabetes affects the decidua at early postimplantation stages and whether dietary treatments enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can prevent decidual alterations. Here, we determined resorption rates, decidual mTOR pathways and markers of decidual function and remodeling in diabetic rats fed or not with diets enriched in PUFAs exclusively during the early postimplantation period. Pregestational streptozotocin-induced diabetic Albino Wistar rats and controls were fed or not with diets enriched in 6% sunflower oil or 6% chia oil (enriched in n-6 or n-3 PUFAs, respectively) on days 7, 8 and 9 of pregnancy and evaluated on day 9 of pregnancy. Maternal diabetes induced an 11-fold increase in embryo resorptions, which was prevented by both PUFAs-enriched diets despite no changes in maternal glycemia. The activity of mTOR pathway was decreased in the decidua from diabetic rats, an alteration prevented by the PUFAs-enriched diets. PUFAs-enriched diets prevented increased expression of Foxo1 (a negative regulator of mTOR) and reduced expression of miR-21 (a negative regulator of Foxo1). These diets also prevented reduced markers of decidual function (leukemia inhibitory factor and IGFBP1 expression and MMPs activity) in diabetic rat decidua. We identified the early post implantation as a crucial stage for pregnancy success, in which dietary PUFAs can protect diabetic pregnancies from embryo resorptions, decidual mTOR signaling impairments, and altered markers of decidual function and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lorena Roberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Romina Gatti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Fornes
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Higa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Ren X, Vilhjálmsdóttir BL, Rohde JF, Walker KC, Runstedt SE, Lauritzen L, Heitmann BL, Specht IO. Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Polyunsaturated and Trans Fatty Acids During Pregnancy and Offspring Weight Development. Front Nutr 2021; 8:625596. [PMID: 33842522 PMCID: PMC8027310 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.625596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) may have an impact on offspring weight development. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines to evaluate whether levels of these fatty acids during pregnancy influenced offspring weight development. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with DHA and/or EPA supplementation or cohort studies, which examined levels of DHA, EPA, or TFAs in maternal or neonatal blood samples and recorded offspring weight, were included. Overall, 27 RCTs and 14 observational studies were identified. The results showed that DHA and/or EPA supplementation doses >650 mg/day resulted in slightly higher birth weight (MD 87.5 g, 95% CI 52.3-122.6, n = 3,831) and combined BMI and BMI z score at 5-10 years (SMD 0.11, 95% CI 0.04-0.18, n = 3,220). These results were rated as moderate quality. Results from the observational studies were generally inconsistent. High TFA levels during pregnancy seemed to be associated with lower birth weight. Finally, this review and meta-analysis supports a relationship between high maternal or neonatal DHA and/or EPA levels and higher offspring birth weight and weight in childhood. More high-quality long-term studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ren
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitta Lind Vilhjálmsdóttir
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Christina Walker
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Elizabeth Runstedt
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Paediatric and International Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sydney Medical School, The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Section for General Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Woodard V, Thoene M, Van Ormer M, Thompson M, Hanson C, Natarajan SK, Mukherjee M, Yuil-Valdes A, Nordgren TM, Ulu A, Harris Jackson K, Anderson-Berry A. Intrauterine Transfer of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Mother-Infant Dyads as Analyzed at Time of Delivery. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030996. [PMID: 33808763 PMCID: PMC8003544 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for fetal development, and intrauterine transfer is the only supply of PUFAs to the fetus. The prevailing theory of gestational nutrient transfer is that certain nutrients (including PUFAs) may have prioritized transport across the placenta. Numerous studies have identified correlations between maternal and infant fatty acid concentrations; however, little is known about what role maternal PUFA status may play in differential intrauterine nutrient transfer. Twenty mother–infant dyads were enrolled at delivery for collection of maternal and umbilical cord blood, and placental tissue samples. Plasma concentrations of PUFAs were assessed using gas chromatography (GC-FID). Intrauterine transfer percentages for each fatty acid were calculated as follows: ((cord blood fatty acid level/maternal blood fatty acid level) × 100). Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare transfer percentages between maternal fatty acid tertile groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. There were statistically significant differences in intrauterine transfer percentages of arachidonic acid (AA) (64% vs. 65% vs. 45%, p = 0.02), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (41% vs. 19% vs. 17%, p = 0.03), and total fatty acids (TFA) (27% vs. 26% vs. 20%, p = 0.05) between maternal plasma fatty acid tertiles. Intrauterine transfer percentages of AA, EPA, and TFA were highest in the lowest tertile of respective maternal fatty acid concentration. These findings may indicate that fatty acid transfer to the fetus is prioritized during gestation even during periods of maternal nutritional inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Woodard
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Ana Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Tara M. Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.M.N.); (A.U.)
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.M.N.); (A.U.)
| | - Kristina Harris Jackson
- OmegaQuant Analytics LLC, 5009 W. 12th St., Suite 8, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
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25
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Roque-Jiménez JA, Rosa-Velázquez M, Pinos-Rodríguez JM, Vicente-Martínez JG, Mendoza-Cervantes G, Flores-Primo A, Lee-Rangel HA, Relling AE. Role of Long Chain Fatty Acids in Developmental Programming in Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030762. [PMID: 33801880 PMCID: PMC8001802 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of the current review is to provide a broad perspective on developmental program aspects of dietary n-3 FA supplementation in ruminants during pre-conception, conception, pregnancy, early life, including its effects on production, lipid metabolism, and health of the offspring. Offspring growth and metabolism could change depending on the FA profile and the stage of gestation when the dam is supplemented. Despite this extended review we are highlighting areas that we consider that there is a lack of information. Abstract Nutrition plays a critical role in developmental programs. These effects can be during gametogenesis, gestation, or early life. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for normal physiological functioning and for the health of humans and all domestic species. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of n-3 PUFA in ruminant diets during gestation and its effects on pre-and postnatal offspring growth and health indices. In addition, different types of fatty acids have different metabolic functions, which affects the developmental program differently depending on when they are supplemented. This review provides a broad perspective of the effect of fatty acid supplementation on the developmental program in ruminants, highlighting the areas of a developmental program that are better known and the areas that more research may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Roque-Jiménez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78321, Mexico; (J.A.R.-J.); (H.A.L.-R.)
| | - Milca Rosa-Velázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, Mexico; (M.R.-V.); (J.M.P.-R.); (J.G.V.-M.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, Mexico; (M.R.-V.); (J.M.P.-R.); (J.G.V.-M.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Jorge Genaro Vicente-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, Mexico; (M.R.-V.); (J.M.P.-R.); (J.G.V.-M.); (A.F.-P.)
| | | | - Argel Flores-Primo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, Mexico; (M.R.-V.); (J.M.P.-R.); (J.G.V.-M.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Héctor Aarón Lee-Rangel
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78321, Mexico; (J.A.R.-J.); (H.A.L.-R.)
| | - Alejandro E. Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-330-263-3900
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26
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Rosa-Velazquez M, Jaborek JR, Pinos-Rodriguez JM, Relling AE. Maternal Supply of Fatty Acids during Late Gestation on Offspring's Growth, Metabolism, and Carcass Characteristics in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:719. [PMID: 33800817 PMCID: PMC8001004 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lambs born from dams supplemented with different sources of fatty acids (FA) during late gestation have a different growth rate and plasma glucose concentration. The main objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of supplementing different sources of FA during late gestation on offspring plasma metabolite concentrations, growth, and on a glucose tolerance test (GTT) during the finishing phase. Fifty-four lambs (18 pens, 3 lambs/pen) were born from ewes supplemented during late gestation with one of three treatments: (1) no FA (NF); (2) a source of monounsaturated FA (PDS, 1.01% of Ca salts); or (3) a source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (EDS, 1.01% of Ca salts containing). At birth (day 0), supplementation ceased, and all ewes and lambs were placed in a common pen. On day 60, lambs were weaned, grouped by sex, blocked by body weight (BW), and placed on a common finishing diet for 54 days (FP). One lamb per pen was used for the GTT after the FP. There was a tendency for FA × Sex × Day interaction (p = 0.08) on lamb growth during the finishing period, with PDS females being heavier than PDS males, while EDS males were heavier than EDS females at day 60. There was a tendency for FA × Sex interaction (p = 0.06) for plasma insulin concentration for the GTT. Plasma insulin concentration of wethers increased as FA unsaturation degree increased during the GTT; the opposite happened with the plasma insulin concentration of female lambs. In conclusion, FA supplementation during late gestation tended to modified growth and insulin response to a GTT; these changes differed with the degree of FA unsaturation of the supplement and lamb sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milca Rosa-Velazquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, 91710 Veracruz, Mexico; (M.R.-V.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, OH, USA;
| | - Jerad R. Jaborek
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, OH, USA;
| | - Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, 91710 Veracruz, Mexico; (M.R.-V.); (J.M.P.-R.)
| | - Alejandro Enrique Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, OH, USA;
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27
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Creatine Metabolism in Female Reproduction, Pregnancy and Newborn Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020490. [PMID: 33540766 PMCID: PMC7912953 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine metabolism is an important component of cellular energy homeostasis. Via the creatine kinase circuit, creatine derived from our diet or synthesized endogenously provides spatial and temporal maintenance of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production; this is particularly important for cells with high or fluctuating energy demands. The use of this circuit by tissues within the female reproductive system, as well as the placenta and the developing fetus during pregnancy is apparent throughout the literature, with some studies linking perturbations in creatine metabolism to reduced fertility and poor pregnancy outcomes. Maternal dietary creatine supplementation during pregnancy as a safeguard against hypoxia-induced perinatal injury, particularly that of the brain, has also been widely studied in pre-clinical in vitro and small animal models. However, there is still no consensus on whether creatine is essential for successful reproduction. This review consolidates the available literature on creatine metabolism in female reproduction, pregnancy and the early neonatal period. Creatine metabolism is discussed in relation to cellular bioenergetics and de novo synthesis, as well as the potential to use dietary creatine in a reproductive setting. We highlight the apparent knowledge gaps and the research “road forward” to understand, and then utilize, creatine to improve reproductive health and perinatal outcomes.
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28
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Álvarez D, Muñoz Y, Ortiz M, Maliqueo M, Chouinard-Watkins R, Valenzuela R. Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010019. [PMID: 33374585 PMCID: PMC7822469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal development are closely related to healthy maternal conditions that allow for the provision of all nutritional requirements to the offspring. In this regard, an appropriate supply of fatty acids (FA), mainly n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), is crucial to ensure a normal development, because they are an integral part of cell membranes and participate in the synthesis of bioactive molecules that regulate multiple signaling pathways. On the other hand, maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain affect FA supply to the fetus and neonate, altering placental nutrient transfer, as well as the production and composition of breast milk during lactation. In this regard, maternal obesity modifies FA profile, resulting in low n-3 and elevated n-6 PUFA levels in maternal and fetal circulation during pregnancy, as well as in breast milk during lactation. These modifications are associated with a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress with short and long-term consequences in different organs of the fetus and neonate, including in the liver, brain, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Altogether, these changes confer to the offspring a higher risk of developing obesity and its complications, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders, asthma, and cancer. Considering the consequences of an abnormal FA supply to offspring induced by maternal obesity, we aimed to review the effects of obesity on the metabolism and bioavailability of FA during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with an emphasis on LCPUFA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Yasna Muñoz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +56-2-9786746
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29
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Godhamgaonkar AA, Wadhwani NS, Joshi SR. Exploring the role of LC-PUFA metabolism in pregnancy complications. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 163:102203. [PMID: 33227645 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy plays a significant role in growth and development of the placenta and influencing pregnancy outcome. Suboptimal nutritional status during early gestational period compromises the normal course of pregnancy leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Omega-3 and omega-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are important for the growth and development of the placenta. Maternal fatty acids and their metabolites influence the normal course of pregnancy by regulating cell growth and development, cell signaling, regulate angiogenesis, modulate inflammatory responses and influence various structural and functional processes. Alterations in LC-PUFA and their metabolites may result in inadequate spiral artery remodeling or placental angiogenesis leading to structural and functional deficiency of the placenta which contributes to several pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth restriction, and results in adverse birth outcomes. In this review, we summarize studies examining the role of fatty acids and their metabolites in pregnancy. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanisms through which LC-PUFA influences placental growth and development. Studies have demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation lowers the incidence of preterm births, but its effect on reducing pregnancy complications are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi A Godhamgaonkar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Nisha S Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
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30
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Park BY, Yao R, Tierney E, Brucato M, Hong X, Wang G, Ji Y, Pearson C, Fallin MD, Wang X, Volk H. The association between maternal lipid profile after birth and offspring risk of autism spectrum disorder. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 53:50-55.e1. [PMID: 32919032 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal obesity has been consistently associated with offspring risk for ASD, as well as lipid metabolism derangements. However, few ASD studies have examined maternal lipids in conjunction with maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). METHODS This nested case-control study was based on the Boston Birth Cohort, a prospective cohort study of mother-child dyads recruited at the Boston Medical Center. Maternal blood samples were collected shortly after delivery and analyzed for total plasma cholesterol, HDL, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was subsequently calculated by the Friedewald equation. Cases were identified using ASD diagnoses in children's medical records. The odds of ASD were estimated with continuous lipid levels for a linear relationship, and we further explored the nonlinear relationship using the tertile of each lipid analyte with the highest tertile as the reference group. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of ASD adjusting for potential confounders. The analyses were performed separately for mothers with normal weight and overweight/obese based on maternal prepregnancy BMI. RESULTS One standard deviation decrease in postpartum maternal LDL was associated with increased odds of ASD aOR 1.35 [1.04-1.75]. There was no association between postpartum maternal HDL and TG levels and ASD risk. Decreasing levels of LDL were not associated with ASD risk in normal-weight mothers (aOR 1.2 [0.83-1.75]), but the ASD risk was more pronounced in overweight and obese mothers (aOR 1.54 [1.03-2.27]). Follow-up analysis of nonlinear association models showed that, when compared to the highest tertile, lower maternal LDL concentrations were associated with approximately two times increased risk of ASD (first tertile: aOR 2.49 [1.27-4.87] and second tertile: aOR 2.79 [1.42-5.48]). A similar pattern was observed with overweight/obese mothers but not in normal-weight mothers. CONCLUSIONS Lower maternal postpartum plasma LDL concentration was associated with increased odds of ASD in offspring among children born to overweight and obese mothers. Our findings suggest that both maternal BMI and lipids should be considered in assessing their role in offspring ASD risk, and additional longitudinal studies are needed to better understand maternal lipid dynamics during pregnancy among normal-weight and overweight/obese mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Y Park
- Department of Public Health, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton.
| | - Ruofan Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Elaine Tierney
- Department of Psychiatry, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Martha Brucato
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiumei Hong
- The Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Guoying Wang
- The Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yuelong Ji
- The Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- The Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Heather Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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31
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Hill NS, Cormack BE, Little BS, Bloomfield FH. Growth and Clinical Outcome in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants After the Introduction of a Multicomponent Intravenous Lipid Emulsion. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 44:1318-1327. [PMID: 31989691 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very low-birth-weight (VLBW; birth weight < 1500 g) infants are often dependent on intravenous nutrition after birth. Conventional soy-based intravenous lipid emulsions (Soy LE) are associated with inflammatory and metabolic complications that may be harmful to preterm infants. Evidence to support any clinical benefit associated with newer multicomponent emulsions (Mixed LE), remains inconsistent and unsubstantiated in appropriate studies. This retrospective study aimed to determine whether growth and clinical outcomes differed between VLBW infants given Mixed LE vs Soy LE at Auckland City Hospital. METHODS Data were collected on nutrition, growth, and neonatal morbidities for the first 4 weeks after birth. Outcomes were compared between 2 lipid cohorts, Soy LE (February 2013 - August 2014) and Mixed LE (August 2014 - December 2015), using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS 207 infants (Soy LE, 105 vs Mixed LE, 102) were included in the study. Significantly fewer infants in the Mixed LE cohort developed any stage retinopathy of prematurity (Soy LE 59% vs Mixed LE 39%, P = .005) or intraventricular hemorrhage (Soy LE 27% vs Mixed LE 15%, P = .03) during their admission. Mixed LE was also associated with significantly lower mean (P = .01), minimum (P = .03), and maximum (P = .04) total bilirubin concentrations across the first 4 weeks after birth. There was no difference in growth velocity or weight, length, and head circumference z-score change. CONCLUSION SMOFlipid may represent a favorable alternative to conventional lipid emulsions in neonatal parenteral nutrition regimens; however, long-term effects should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara E Cormack
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Newborn Services, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Frank H Bloomfield
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Newborn Services, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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32
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LaBarre JL, Puttabyatappa M, Song PXK, Goodrich JM, Zhou L, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Domino SE, Treadwell MC, Dolinoy DC, Padmanabhan V, Burant CF. Maternal lipid levels across pregnancy impact the umbilical cord blood lipidome and infant birth weight. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14209. [PMID: 32848180 PMCID: PMC7449968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major alterations in metabolism occur during pregnancy enabling the mother to provide adequate nutrients to support infant development, affecting birth weight (BW) and potentially long-term risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. We classified dynamic changes in the maternal lipidome during pregnancy and identified lipids associated with Fenton BW z-score and the umbilical cord blood (CB) lipidome. Lipidomics was performed on first trimester maternal plasma (M1), delivery maternal plasma (M3), and CB plasma in 106 mother-infant dyads. Shifts in the maternal and CB lipidome were consistent with the selective transport of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) species into CB. Partial correlation networks demonstrated fluctuations in correlations between lipid groups at M1, M3, and CB, signifying differences in lipid metabolism. Using linear models, LysoPC and LysoPE groups in CB were positively associated with BW. M1 PUFA containing triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids were correlated with CB LysoPC and LysoPE species and total CB polyunsaturated TGs. These results indicate that early gestational maternal lipid levels influence the CB lipidome and its relationship with BW, suggesting an opportunity to modulate maternal diet and improve long-term offspring cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L LaBarre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ling Zhou
- Center of Statistical Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tanu Soni
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven E Domino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marjorie C Treadwell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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33
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Massari M, Novielli C, Mandò C, Di Francesco S, Della Porta M, Cazzola R, Panteghini M, Savasi V, Maggini S, Schaefer E, Cetin I. Multiple Micronutrients and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082432. [PMID: 32823606 PMCID: PMC7468952 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy needs to meet increased nutritional demands to maintain metabolism and to support fetal development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for fetal neuro-/visual development and in immunomodulation, accumulating rapidly within the developing brain and central nervous system. Levels available to the fetus are governed by the maternal diet. In this multicenter, parallel, randomized controlled trial, we evaluated once-daily supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA (i.e., multiple micronutrient supplementation, MMS) on maternal biomarkers and infant anthropometric parameters during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared with no supplementation. Primary efficacy endpoint: change in maternal red blood cell (RBC) DHA (wt% total fatty acids) during the study. Secondary variables: other biomarkers of fatty acid and oxidative status, vitamin D, and infant anthropometric parameters at delivery. Supplementation significantly increased RBC DHA levels, the omega-3 index, and vitamin D levels. Subscapular skinfold thickness was significantly greater with MMS in infants. Safety outcomes were comparable between groups. This first randomized controlled trial of supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA in pregnant women indicated that MMS significantly improved maternal DHA and vitamin D status in an industrialized setting-an important finding considering the essential roles of DHA and vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Massari
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Novielli
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Mandò
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefania Di Francesco
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Mauro Panteghini
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Valeria Savasi
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Ella Schaefer
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
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Chowdhury MH, Ghosh S, Kabir MR, Mamun MAA, Islam MS. Effect of supplementary omega-3 fatty acids on pregnant women with complications and pregnancy outcomes: review from literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2564-2580. [PMID: 32643471 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1786522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous benefits have been associated with omega-3 fatty acid consumption during pregnancy and the postpartum period, whether it is consumed in the diet with seafood or via supplements such as fish oil. This review primarily aimed to assess the current situation of the impact of omega-3 long-chain Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) supplementation on the outcomes of pregnancy. The electronic search of Medline, PubMed, Public Library of Science (PLOS) and Google Scholar databases was carried out for papers from 01 February 1995 to 01 March 2017 using keywords such as "pregnancy," "supplement," "long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids," "omega 3 fatty acids," and "clinical trials." Out of twenty-six studies, both observational and interventional, fourteen studies found the influence of omega 3 fatty acids during pregnancy or the early postpartum period on the duration of gestation and infant size at birth, preeclampsia, depression, and infant visual function and neurodevelopment have been reported. Omega 3 fatty acid intakes (both in terms of absolute amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the ratio of these 2 fatty acids) varied widely in these studies, however, and no clear consensus exists regarding the effects of omega 3 fatty acids on any of these outcomes. Because of the potential importance of these fatty acids for pregnant or lactating women, fetus, and newborn infants and the limited data from clinical trials assessing the effect of these fatty acids on pregnancy and infant outcomes, additional research is required to better define optimal intakes of specific omega 3 fatty acids during these critical periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Chowdhury
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Ghosh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ruhul Kabir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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35
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Saoi M, Kennedy KM, Gohir W, Sloboda DM, Britz-McKibbin P. Placental Metabolomics for Assessment of Sex-specific Differences in Fetal Development During Normal Gestation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9399. [PMID: 32523064 PMCID: PMC7286906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a metabolically active interfacial organ that plays crucial roles in fetal nutrient delivery, gas exchange and waste removal reflecting dynamic maternal and fetal interactions during gestation. There is growing evidence that the sex of the placenta influences fetal responses to external stimuli in utero, such as changes in maternal nutrition and exposure to environmental stressors. However, the exact biochemical mechanisms associated with sex-specific metabolic adaptations during pregnancy and its link to placental function and fetal development remain poorly understood. Herein, multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry is used as a high throughput metabolomics platform to characterize lyophilized placental tissue (~2 mg dried weight) from C57BL/6J mice fed a standardized diet. Over 130 authentic metabolites were consistently measured from placental extracts when using a nontargeted metabolomics workflow with stringent quality control and robust batch correction. Our work revealed distinct metabolic phenotype differences that exist between male (n = 14) and female (n = 14) placentae collected at embryonic day E18.5. Intracellular metabolites associated with fatty acid oxidation and purine degradation were found to be elevated in females as compared to male placentae (p < 0.05, effect size >0.40), including uric acid, valerylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, and 3-hydroxyhexanolycarnitine. This murine model sheds new insights into sex-specific differences in placental mitochondrial function and protective mechanisms against deleterious oxidative stress that may impact fetal growth and birth outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Saoi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Katherine M Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Wajiha Gohir
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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36
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Alejandro EU, Bernlohr DA. Window of Opportunity: Targeting ANGPTL4 Improves Triglyceride Levels in Maternal Obesity During Pregnancy. Diabetes 2020; 69:1087-1089. [PMID: 32434834 PMCID: PMC7243293 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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37
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Thayer ZM, Rutherford J, Kuzawa CW. The Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:14-27. [PMID: 32015877 PMCID: PMC6990448 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that fetal nutrition influences adult health has heightened interest in nutritional interventions targeting pregnancy. However, as is true for other placental mammals, human females have evolved mechanisms that help buffer the fetus against short-term fluctuations in maternal diet and energy status. In this review, we first discuss the evolution of increasingly elaborate vertebrate strategies of buffering offspring from environmental fluctuations during development, including the important innovation of the eutherian placenta. We then present the Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model, which argues that, in contrast to many micronutrients that must be derived from dietary sources, the effects of short-term changes in maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy, whether due to a deficit or supplementation, will be minimized by internal buffering mechanisms that work to ensure a stable supply of essential resources. In contrast to the minimal effects of brief macronutrient supplementation, there is growing evidence that sustained improvements in early life and adult pre-pregnancy nutrition could improve birth outcomes in offspring. Building on these and other observations, we propose that strategies to improve fetal macronutrient delivery will be most effective if they modify the pregnancy metabolism of mothers by targeting nutrition prior to conception and even during early development, as a complement to the conventional focus on bolstering macronutrient intake during pregnancy itself. Our model leads to the prediction that birth weight will be more strongly influenced by the mother’s chronic pre-pregnancy nutrition than by pregnancy diet, and highlights the need for policy solutions aimed at optimizing future, intergenerational health outcomes. Lay summary: We propose that strategies to improve fetal macronutrient delivery will be most effective if they modify the pregnancy metabolism of mothers by targeting nutrition prior to conception and even during early development, as a complement to the conventional focus on bolstering macronutrient intake during pregnancy itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaneta M Thayer
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hinman Box 6047, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Julienne Rutherford
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave., MC 802, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Christopher W Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Ave, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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38
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Sanz N, Malpique R, Sierra C, López-Bermejo A, Bassols J, Ibáñez L. Body Composition and Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids at Age 6 Years: A Longitudinal Pilot Study. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 90:414-418. [PMID: 30840955 DOI: 10.1159/000496988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status during pregnancy may influence birth outcomes and offspring adiposity during childhood. Cord blood PUFA levels associate positively with maternal PUFA and negatively with the newborn's abdominal adiposity. However, longitudinal, prospective studies consistently evaluating maternal and cord blood and PUFA levels in childhood and their association with the child's body composition are so far lacking. In a population of 16 apparently healthy children born appropriate for gestational age and followed longitudinally since birth, we assessed circulating PUFA (by gas chromatography) in maternal, cord, and peripheral blood at age 6 years and studied their correlation with body composition (by absorptiometry) and endocrine-metabolic variables at age 6 years. No associations were found among parameters of body composition and endocrine-metabolic variables at age 6 years and maternal, cord blood or circulating PUFA in peripheral blood. Maternal levels of n-6 linoleic acid, total n-6, and the ratio of n-6:n-3 correlated with their corresponding PUFA levels at age 6 years. In conclusion, in this pilot study, maternal, cord blood, and children's circulating PUFA do not appear to have an impact on body composition and endocrine-metabolic status at the age of 6 years. The close association between maternal PUFA and offspring PUFA at that age may reflect a similarity in nutritional habits in the mother and child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Sanz
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Rita Malpique
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sierra
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona & Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain, .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain,
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Maternal Omega-3 Nutrition, Placental Transfer and Fetal Brain Development in Gestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051107. [PMID: 31109059 PMCID: PMC6567027 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA), are widely recognized to impact fetal and infant neurodevelopment. The impact of DHA on brain development, and its inefficient synthesis from the essential alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), has led to recommended DHA intakes of 250-375 mg eicosapentaenoic acid + DHA/day for pregnant and lactating women by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Despite these recommendations, the intake of omega-3s in women of child-bearing age in the US remains very low. The low maternal status of DHA prior to pregnancy could impair fetal neurodevelopment. This review focuses on maternal omega-3 status in conditions of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia, and the subsequent impact on placental transfer and cord blood concentration of omega-3s. Both GDM and preeclampsia are associated with altered maternal omega-3 status, altered placental omega-3 metabolism, reduced cord blood omega-3 levels and have an impact on neurodevelopment in the infant and on brain health later in life. These findings indicate lower DHA exposure of the developing baby may be driven by lower placental transfer in both conditions. Thus, determining approaches which facilitate increased delivery of DHA during pregnancy and early development might positively impact brain development in infants born to mothers with these diseases.
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40
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FT Raman spectroscopy in the evaluation of biomarkers of normal and pathological placenta tissue. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 458:125-132. [PMID: 31004307 PMCID: PMC6616220 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The basic precondition of proper intrauterine growth is appropriate supply of nutrients transported through placenta. Placenta capacity in the scope of transportation is dependent on transport systems and the structure of the basement membrane and syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membrane. The present pilot study demonstrates preliminary results of the analysis of placenta structure in the course of selected pathologies by FT Raman spectroscopy analysis. The observed changes of the molecular structure in the so-called average spectra, independent of methodical processing, may be an indicator of the efficiency of transportation controlled by syncytiotrophoblast. In particular, an increase in the intensity of dispersion and transfer within the frequency of 3425-3300 cm-1 demonstrate the dynamics of the interaction in the scope of hydrogen bonds in healthy tissues. Changes in the molecular structure within the frequency of 950-750 cm-1 and conformational changes within disulphide bonds differentiate the healthy tissue from the pathological one. Changes in the molecular structure observed in the FTR spectra are a spectroscopic image of placenta functions in the course of various pathologies. They also document a complex goal of our research that is finding spectroscopic biomarkers of regular and pathological placental tissue.
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41
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Joshi K, Gadgil M, Pandit A, Otiv S, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. Dietary pattern regulates fatty acid desaturase 1 gene expression in Indian pregnant women to spare overall long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:687-693. [PMID: 30511301 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if the dietary pattern of pregnant women has any compensatory effect on the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene expression, thus enhancing the conversion of precursors to long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) to spare the overall LCPUFA levels. The dietary intake of plant-based precursor polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influences circulating levels of LCPUFA. We hypothesized that low LCPUFA diets during pregnancy would compensate by higher expression of FADS genes to enhance the conversion of precursors to LCPUFA to spare the overall LCPUFA levels. Seventy-five pregnant women were enrolled during the last trimester of pregnancy based on the eligibility and exclusion criteria. Maternal LCPUFA in plasma, expression of FADS1 and FADS2 genes, FADS2 Indel genotype status and neonate birth weight were studied.In the vegetarian group (n = 25), plasma α-linolenic acid (ALA) but not linoleic acid (LA) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the non-vegetarian group (n = 50). No significant differences were found for arachidonic acid (AA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. FADS1 expression was significantly higher in the vegetarian group compared to the non-vegetarian group. There was no significant difference in the birth weight of the neonates between two groups. No significant correlation was observed between FADS2 Indel genotype and birth weight. Our small sample size study demonstrated an increase FADS1expression during pregnancy in vegetarian pregnant women that may have contributed to the maintenance of AA, eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA levels thereby ensuring that the overall LCPUFA levels of the neonate is not compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
| | - Maithili Gadgil
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Anand Pandit
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Suhas Otiv
- Department of Gynaecology, KEM Hospital Centre, Pune, India
| | - Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Dept. of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, 78723, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Dept. of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, 78723, Austin, TX, USA
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Freigoun MT, Rivera DE, Guo P, Hohman EE, Gernand AD, Downs DS, Savage JS. A Dynamical Systems Model of Intrauterine Fetal Growth. MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS 2018; 24:661-687. [PMID: 30498392 PMCID: PMC6258009 DOI: 10.1080/13873954.2018.1524387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms for how maternal perinatal obesity and intrauterine environment influence fetal development are not well understood and thus require further understanding. In this paper, energy balance concepts are used to develop a comprehensive dynamical systems model for fetal growth that illustrates how maternal factors (energy intake and physical activity) influence fetal weight and related components (fat mass, fat-free mass, and placental volume) over time. The model is estimated from intensive measurements of fetal weight and placental volume obtained as part of Healthy Mom Zone (HMZ), a novel intervention for managing gestational weight gain in obese/overweight women. The overall result of the modeling procedure is a parsimonious system of equations that reliably predicts fetal weight gain and birth weight based on a sensible number of assessments. This model can inform clinical care recommendations as well as how adaptive interventions, such as HMZ, can influence fetal growth and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T. Freigoun
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel E. Rivera
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Penghong Guo
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Emily E. Hohman
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alison D. Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Danielle Symons Downs
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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43
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Wadhwani N, Patil V, Joshi S. Maternal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status and pregnancy complications. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:143-152. [PMID: 28888333 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in influencing fetal growth and birth outcome. Any nutritional insult starting several weeks before pregnancy and during critical periods of gestation is known to influence fetal development and increase the risk for diseases during later life. Literature suggests that chronic adult diseases may have their origin during early life - a concept referred to as Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) which states that adverse exposures early in life "program" risks for later chronic disorders. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), mainly omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are known to have an effect on fetal programming. The placental supply of optimal levels of LCPUFA to the fetus during early life is extremely important for the normal growth and development of both placenta and fetus. Any alteration in placental development will result in adverse pregnancy outcome such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A disturbed materno-fetal LCPUFA supply is known to be linked with each of these pathologies. Further, a disturbed LCPUFA metabolism is reported to be associated with a number of metabolic disorders. It is likely that LCPUFA supplementation during early pregnancy may be beneficial in improving the health of the mother, improving birth outcome and thereby reducing the risk of diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Wadhwani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Vidya Patil
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
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Association between Maternal and Foetal Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Profiles and Birth Weight. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040402. [PMID: 29570689 PMCID: PMC5946187 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular foetal development is crucial for assuring good health status in the offspring. The quality and quantity of maternal dietary fatty acids (FAs) can affect growth. The study aimed to: (1) investigate the association of maternal/foetal lipid profiles with birth weight (BW); and (2) compare these profiles in small, appropriate, and large for gestational age (SGA, AGA, and LGA) infants. FAs were measured in erythrocyte membranes using gas chromatography analysis in 607 mother–infant pairs (316 males, 52.1%). In the quantile regression, a significant association between BW and levels of maternal linoleic acid (LA; C18:2, n-6; coefficient: 18.66; p = 0.010), arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4, n-6; coefficient: 11.35; p = 0.007), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6, n-3; coefficient: 29.73; p = 0.007), polyunsaturated FAs (coefficient: 8.55; p = 0.001), foetal DHA (coefficient: −22.82; p = 0.037), and saturated FAs (coefficient: −65.41; p = 0.002) was found. Myristic (C14:0) and pentadecanoic acids (C15:0), both maternal (p = 0.000; p = 0.017) and foetal (p = 0.009; p = 0.002), and maternal erucic acid (C22:1, n-9; p = 0.026) were found at higher levels in SGA infants as compared to AGA ones. Conversely, maternal LA, AA, and omega 6 FAs levels were higher in AGA infants (p = 0.037; p = 0.003; p = 0.026, respectively). Maternal and foetal polyunsaturated and omega 6 FAs levels are positively related to BW, while a lipid profile rich in saturated FAs and erucic acid may influence the risk of SGA.
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45
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Clarke MA, Joshu CE. Early Life Exposures and Adult Cancer Risk. Epidemiol Rev 2018; 39:11-27. [PMID: 28407101 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about the influence of early life exposures on adult cancer risk. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize the epidemiologic evidence relating early life tobacco use, obesity, diet, and physical activity to adult cancer risk; describe relevant theoretical frameworks and methodological strategies for studying early life exposures; and discuss policies and research initiatives focused on early life. Our findings suggest that in utero exposures may indirectly influence cancer risk by modifying biological pathways associated with carcinogenesis; however, more research is needed to firmly establish these associations. Initiation of exposures during childhood and adolescence may impact cancer risk by increasing duration and lifetime exposure to carcinogens and/or by acting during critical developmental periods. To expand the evidence base, we encourage the use of life course frameworks, causal inference methods such as Mendelian randomization, and statistical approaches such as group-based trajectory modeling in future studies. Further, we emphasize the need for objective exposure biomarkers and valid surrogate endpoints to reduce misclassification. With the exception of tobacco use, there is insufficient evidence to support the development of new cancer prevention policies; however, we highlight existing policies that may reduce the burden of these modifiable risk factors in early life.
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Abstract
Once based mainly in paediatrics, inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), or inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) represent a growing adult medicine specialty. Individually rare these conditions have currently, a collective estimated prevalence of >1:800. Diagnosis has improved through expanded newborn screening programs, identification of potentially affected family members and greater awareness of symptomatic presentations in adolescence and in adulthood. Better survival and reduced mortality from previously lethal and debilitating conditions means greater numbers transition to adulthood. Pregnancy, once contraindicated for many, may represent a challenging but successful outcome. Successful pregnancies are now reported in a wide range of IEM. Significant challenges remain, given the biological stresses of pregnancy, parturition and the puerperium. Known diagnoses allow preventive and pre-emptive management. Unrecognized metabolic disorders especially, remain a preventable cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Increased awareness of these conditions amongst all clinicians is essential to expedite diagnosis and manage appropriately. This review aims to describe normal adaptations to pregnancy and discuss how various types of IEM may be affected. Relevant translational research and clinical experience will be reviewed with practical management aspects cited. Based on current literature, the impact of maternal IEM on mother and/or foetus, as well as how foetal IEM may affect the mother, will be considered. Insights gained from these rare disorders to more common conditions will be explored. Gaps in the literature, unanswered questions and steps to enhance further knowledge and systematically capture experience, such as establishment of an IEM-pregnancy registry, will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Wilcox
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, Salford, Greater Manchester, M6 8HD, UK.
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Chavan-Gautam P, Rani A, Freeman DJ. Distribution of Fatty Acids and Lipids During Pregnancy. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 84:209-239. [PMID: 29478515 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal fatty acid and lipid metabolism undergoes changes during pregnancy to facilitate fetal growth and development. Different types of fatty acids have different roles in maintaining a successful pregnancy and they are incorporated into different forms of lipids for the purpose of storage and transport. This chapter aims to provide an understanding of the distribution and metabolism of fatty acids and lipids in the maternal, placental, and fetal compartments. We further describe how this distribution is altered in maternal obesity, preterm birth, and pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chavan-Gautam
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Alka Rani
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dilys J Freeman
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Parisi F, Rousian M, Huijgen NA, Koning AHJ, Willemsen SP, de Vries JHM, Cetin I, Steegers EAP, Steegers-Theunissen RPM. Periconceptional maternal 'high fish and olive oil, low meat' dietary pattern is associated with increased embryonic growth: The Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort (Predict) Study. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2017; 50:709-716. [PMID: 28078758 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between periconceptional maternal dietary pattern and first-trimester embryonic growth. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 228 women with a singleton ongoing pregnancy, of which 135 were strictly dated spontaneous pregnancies and 93 were pregnancies achieved after in-vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). All women underwent serial transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) examinations from 6 + 0 to 13 + 0 weeks' gestation. Crown-rump length (CRL) and embryonic volume (EV) measurements were performed using a virtual reality system. Information on periconceptional maternal dietary intake was collected via food frequency questionnaires. Principal component analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns. Associations between dietary patterns and CRL and EV trajectories were investigated using linear mixed models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS A median of five (range, one to seven) 3D-US scans per pregnancy were performed. Of 1162 datasets, quality was sufficient to perform CRL measurements in 991 (85.3%) and EV measurements in 899 (77.4%). A dietary pattern comprising high intake of fish and olive oil and a very low intake of meat was identified as beneficial for embryonic growth. In strictly dated spontaneous pregnancies, strong adherence to the 'high fish and olive oil, low meat' dietary pattern was associated with a 1.9 mm (95% CI, 0.1-3.63 mm) increase in CRL (+14.6%) at 7 weeks and a 3.4 mm (95% CI, 0.2-7.81 mm) increase (+6.9%) at 11 weeks, whereas EV increased by 0.06 cm3 (95% CI, 0.01-0.13 cm3 ) (+20.4%) at 7 weeks and 1.43 cm3 (95% CI, 0.99-1.87 cm3 ) (+14.4%) at 11 weeks. No significant association was observed in the total study population or in the IVF/ICSI subgroup. CONCLUSION Periconceptional maternal adherence to a high fish and olive oil, low meat dietary pattern is positively associated with embryonic growth in spontaneously conceived pregnancies. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Parisi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Rousian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N A Huijgen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H J Koning
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S P Willemsen
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H M de Vries
- Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Cetin
- Center for Fetal Research Giorgio Pardi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hospital Luigi Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R P M Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Büyükuslu N, Ovalı S, Altuntaş ŞL, Batırel S, Yiğit P, Garipağaoğlu M. Supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) / Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in a ratio of 1/1.3 during the last trimester of pregnancy results in EPA accumulation in cord blood. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 125:32-36. [PMID: 28987719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), specifically DHA, are associated with fetal growth and development. We aimed to determine the levels of DHA and EPA in cord serum after n-3 FA supplementation during the last trimester of pregnancy. Among 55 women, 23 were administered daily one capsule of n-3 FA supplement, involving DHA/EPA in a ratio of 1/1.3. Twenty nine women were enrolled as control group. Blood samples were collected at 22-24 weeks of gestation and at delivery. Fatty acids were analyzed with the method of GC-MS. Cord DHA level increased and EPA level decreased in both groups between the days of 22-24 and delivery. However, decrease in cord EPA level was significant in control group (p < 0.001) but not in supplement group (p > 0.05). Supplementation of DHA/EPA in a ratio of 1/1.3 during the last trimester of pregnancy caused higher cord EPA level compared to control group indicating an accumulation in umbilical cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Büyükuslu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık Mah. Ekinciler Cad. No.19 Kavacık Kavşağı-Beykoz, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sema Ovalı
- Medipol Koşuyolu Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Saime Batırel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pakize Yiğit
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muazzez Garipağaoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık Mah. Ekinciler Cad. No.19 Kavacık Kavşağı-Beykoz, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
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50
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Jack-Roberts C, Joselit Y, Nanobashvili K, Bretter R, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA, Saxena A, Axen K, Gomaa A, Jiang X. Choline Supplementation Normalizes Fetal Adiposity and Reduces Lipogenic Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Maternal Obesity. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080899. [PMID: 28820499 PMCID: PMC5579692 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity increases fetal adiposity which may adversely affect metabolic health of the offspring. Choline regulates lipid metabolism and thus may influence adiposity. This study investigates the effect of maternal choline supplementation on fetal adiposity in a mouse model of maternal obesity. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat (HF) diet or a control (NF) diet and received either 25 mM choline supplemented (CS) or control untreated (CO) drinking water for 6 weeks before timed-mating and throughout gestation. At embryonic day 17.5, HF feeding led to higher (p < 0.05) percent total body fat in fetuses from the HFCO group, while the choline supplemented HFCS group did not show significant difference versus the NFCO group. Similarly, HF feeding led to higher (p < 0.05) hepatic triglyceride accumulation in the HFCO but not the HFCS fetuses. mRNA levels of lipogenic genes such as Acc1, Fads1, and Elovl5, as well as the transcription factor Srebp1c that favors lipogenesis were downregulated (p < 0.05) by maternal choline supplementation in the HFCS group, which may serve as a mechanism to reduce fat accumulation in the fetal liver during maternal HF feeding. In summary, maternal choline supplementation improves indices of fetal adiposity in obese dams at late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chauntelle Jack-Roberts
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Yaelle Joselit
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Khatia Nanobashvili
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Rachel Bretter
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Olga V Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Kathleen Axen
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Ahmed Gomaa
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
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