1
|
Valentini A, Cardillo C, Della Morte D, Tesauro M. The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3006. [PMID: 38002006 PMCID: PMC10669084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two of the four major chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) representing the leading cause of death worldwide. Several studies demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these chronic diseases. Although it is well known that systemic chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are primarily involved in the development of ED, recent studies have shown that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is implicated in its pathogenesis, also contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis and to insulin resistance (IR). In this review, we describe the relationship between PVAT and ED, and we also analyse the role of PVAT in the pathogenesis of CVDs and T2DM, further assessing its potential therapeutic target with the aim of restoring normal ED and reducing global cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Valentini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Aging, Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - David Della Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (D.D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Owens TS, Marley CJ, Calverley TA, Stacey BS, Fall L, Tsukamoto H, Iannetelli A, Filipponi T, Davies B, Jones GL, Hirtz C, Lehmann S, Tuaillon E, Marchi N, Bailey DM. Lower systemic nitric oxide bioactivity, cerebral hypoperfusion and accelerated cognitive decline in formerly concussed retired rugby union players. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1029-1046. [PMID: 37423736 PMCID: PMC10988504 DOI: 10.1113/ep091195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the molecular, cerebrovascular and cognitive biomarkers of retired rugby union players with concussion history? What is the main finding and its importance? Retired rugby players compared with matched controls exhibited lower systemic nitric oxide bioavailability accompanied by lower middle cerebral artery velocity and mild cognitive impairment. Retired rugby players are more susceptible to accelerated cognitive decline. ABSTRACT Following retirement from sport, the chronic consequences of prior-recurrent contact are evident and retired rugby union players may be especially prone to accelerated cognitive decline. The present study sought to integrate molecular, cerebrovascular and cognitive biomarkers in retired rugby players with concussion history. Twenty retired rugby players aged 64 ± 5 years with three (interquartile range (IQR), 3) concussions incurred over 22 (IQR, 6) years were compared to 21 sex-, age-, cardiorespiratory fitness- and education-matched controls with no prior concussion history. Concussion symptoms and severity were assessed using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool. Plasma/serum nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (reductive ozone-based chemiluminescence), neuron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light-chain (ELISA and single molecule array) were assessed. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv, doppler ultrasound) and reactivity to hyper/hypocapnia (CVR CO 2 hyper ${\mathrm{CVR}}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{hyper}}}$ /CVR CO 2 hypo ${\mathrm{CVR}}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{hypo}}}$ ) were assessed. Cognition was determined using the Grooved Pegboard Test and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Players exhibited persistent neurological symptoms of concussion (U = 109(41) , P = 0.007), with increased severity compared to controls (U = 77(41) , P < 0.001). Lower total NO bioactivity (U = 135(41) , P = 0.049) and lower basal MCAv were apparent in players (F2,39 = 9.344, P = 0.004). This was accompanied by mild cognitive impairment (P = 0.020, 95% CI, -3.95 to -0.34), including impaired fine-motor coordination (U = 141(41) , P = 0.021). Retired rugby union players with history of multiple concussions may be characterised by impaired molecular, cerebral haemodynamic and cognitive function compared to non-concussed, non-contact controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Owens
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesUK
| | - Christopher J. Marley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesUK
| | - Thomas A. Calverley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesUK
| | - Benjamin S. Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesUK
| | - Lewis Fall
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and ScienceUniversity of South WalesUK
| | | | - Angelo Iannetelli
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesUK
| | - Teresa Filipponi
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesUK
| | - Bruce Davies
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesUK
| | - Gareth L. Jones
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesUK
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- LBPC‐PPCUniversity of Montpellier, Institute of Regenerative Medicine‐Biotherapy IRMB, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC‐PPCUniversity of Montpellier, Institute of Regenerative Medicine‐Biotherapy IRMB, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- CHU Montpellier, Department of Bacteriology‐VirologyCentre University ofMontpellierFrance
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Department of NeuroscienceInstitute of Functional Genomics (University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM)MontpellierFrance
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Witham MD, Granic A, Pearson E, Robinson SM, Sayer AA. Repurposing Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus as Potential Pharmacological Treatments for Sarcopenia - A Narrative Review. Drugs Aging 2023:10.1007/s40266-023-01042-4. [PMID: 37486575 PMCID: PMC10371965 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle strength and mass or quality, is a common condition with major adverse consequences. Although the pathophysiology is incompletely understood, there are common mechanisms between sarcopenia and the phenomenon of accelerated ageing seen in diabetes mellitus. Drugs currently used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus may have mechanisms of action that are relevant to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, for those with type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes. This review summarises shared pathophysiology between sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus, including the effects of advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and changes to the insulin signalling pathway. Cellular and animal models have generated intriguing, albeit mixed, evidence that supports possible beneficial effects on skeletal muscle function for some classes of drugs used to treat diabetes, including metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors. Most human observational and intervention evidence for the effects of these drugs has been derived from populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and there is a need for intervention studies for older people with, and at risk of, sarcopenia to further investigate the balance of benefit and risk in these target populations. Not all diabetes treatments will be safe to use in those without diabetes because of variable side effects across classes. However, some agents [including glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors] have already demonstrated benefits in populations without diabetes, and it is these agents, along with metformin, that hold out the most promise for further investigation in sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ewan Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Dundee Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdulla H, Phillips B, Wilkinson D, Gates A, Limb M, Jandova T, Bass J, Lewis J, Williams J, Smith K, Idris I, Atherton P. Effects of GLP-1 Infusion Upon Whole-body Glucose Uptake and Skeletal Muscle Perfusion During Fed-state in Older Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:971-978. [PMID: 36260533 PMCID: PMC9999358 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageing skeletal muscles become both insulin resistant and atrophic. The hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) facilitates postprandial glucose uptake as well as augmenting muscle perfusion, independent of insulin action. We thus hypothesized exogenous GLP-1 infusions would enhance muscle perfusion and positively affect glucose metabolism during fed-state clamps in older people. METHODS Eight men (71 ± 1 years) were studied in a randomized crossover trial. Basal blood samples were taken before postprandial (fed-state) insulin and glucose clamps, accompanied by amino acid infusions, for 3 hours. Reflecting this, following insertions of peripheral and femoral vessels cannulae and baseline measurements, peripheral IV infusions of octreotide, insulin (Actrapid), 20% glucose, and mixed amino acids; Vamin 14-EF with or without a femoral arterial GLP-1 infusion were started. GLP-1, insulin, and C-peptide were measured by ELISA. Muscle microvascular blood flow was assessed via contrast enhanced ultrasound. Whole-body glucose handling was assayed by assessing glucose infusion rate parameters. RESULTS Skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow significantly increased in response to GLP-1 vs feeding alone (5.0 ± 2.1 vs 1.9 ± 0.7 fold-change from basal, respectively; P = 0.008), while also increasing whole-body glucose uptake (area under the curve 16.9 ± 1.7 vs 11.4 ± 1.8 mg/kg-1/180 minutes-1, P = 0.02 ± GLP, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effects of GLP-1 on whole-body glycemic control are evident with insulin clamped at fed-state levels. GLP-1 further enhances the effects of insulin on whole-body glucose uptake in older men, underlining its role as a therapeutic target. The effects of GLP-1 in enhancing microvascular flow likely also affects other glucose-regulatory organs, reflected by greater whole-body glucose uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Abdulla
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Heartlands Hospitals, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Bethan Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- NIHR, Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Daniel Wilkinson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- NIHR, Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Amanda Gates
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Marie Limb
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Tereza Jandova
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Bass
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Johnathan Lewis
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - John Williams
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- NIHR, Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
| | | | | | - Philip Atherton
- Correspondence: Philip J. Atherton, PhD, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Is vascular insulin resistance an early step in diet-induced whole-body insulin resistance? Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:31. [PMID: 35676248 PMCID: PMC9177754 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that skeletal muscle microvascular (capillary) blood flow plays an important role in glucose metabolism by increasing the delivery of glucose and insulin to the myocytes. This process is impaired in insulin-resistant individuals. Studies suggest that in diet-induced insulin-resistant rodents, insulin-mediated skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow is impaired post-short-term high fat feeding, and this occurs before the development of myocyte or whole-body insulin resistance. These data suggest that impaired skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow is an early vascular step before the onset of insulin resistance. However, evidence of this is still lacking in humans. In this review, we summarise what is known about short-term high-calorie and/or high-fat feeding in humans. We also explore selected animal studies to identify potential mechanisms. We discuss future directions aimed at better understanding the ‘early’ vascular mechanisms that lead to insulin resistance as this will provide the opportunity for much earlier screening and timing of intervention to assist in preventing type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Song Y, Wu Z, Zhao P. The Function of Metformin in Aging-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865524. [PMID: 35392559 PMCID: PMC8982084 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely accepted first-line hypoglycemic agent in current clinical practice, and it has been applied to the clinic for more than 60 years. Recently, researchers have identified that metformin not only has an efficient capacity to lower glucose but also exerts anti-aging effects by regulating intracellular signaling molecules. With the accelerating aging process and mankind’s desire for a long and healthy life, studies on aging have witnessed an unprecedented boom. Osteoporosis, sarcopenia, degenerative osteoarthropathy, and frailty are age-related diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The decline in motor function is a problem that many elderly people have to face, and in serious cases, they may even fail to self-care, and their quality of life will be seriously reduced. Therefore, exploring potential treatments to effectively prevent or delay the progression of aging-related diseases is essential to promote healthy aging. In this review, we first briefly describe the origin of metformin and the aging of the movement system, and next review the evidence associated with its ability to extend lifespan. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms related to the modulation of aging in the musculoskeletal system by metformin, mainly its contribution to bone homeostasis, muscle aging, and joint degeneration. Finally, we analyze the protective benefits of metformin in aging-related diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Doust YV, Sumargo N, Ziebell JM, Premilovac D. Insulin Resistance in the Brain: Evidence Supporting a Role for Inflammation, Reactive Microglia, and the Impact of Biological Sex. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:1027-1038. [PMID: 35279657 DOI: 10.1159/000524059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased intake of highly processed, energy-dense foods combined with a sedentary lifestyle are helping fuel the current overweight and obesity crisis, which is more prevalent in women than in men. Although peripheral organs such as adipose tissue contribute to the physiological development of obesity, emerging work aims to understand the role of the central nervous system to whole-body energy homeostasis and development of weight gain and obesity. The present review discusses the impact of insulin, insulin resistance, free fatty acids, and inflammation on brain function and how these differ between the males and females in the context of obesity. We highlight the potential of microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, as mediators of neuronal insulin resistance that drive reduced satiety, increased food intake, and thus, obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine V Doust
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nicole Sumargo
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jenna M Ziebell
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dino Premilovac
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Costa G, Shushanof M, Bouskela E, Bottino D. Oral L-Arginine (5 g/day) for 14 Days Improves Microcirculatory Function in Healthy Young Women and Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Elderly Women. J Vasc Res 2021; 59:24-33. [PMID: 34784595 DOI: 10.1159/000519428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral supplementation with L-arginine on serum biochemical profile, blood pressure, microcirculation, and vasoreactivity/endothelial function in young controls, and elderly women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Healthy young (n = 25), healthy elderly (n = 25), and elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DME, n = 23, glycated Hb ≥6.4% and mean of 7.7 years for duration of the disease), aged 18-30 and older than 65 years, respectively, were included in the study. All patients underwent biochemical analysis (fasting glycemia and lipidogram), arterial blood pressure, nailfold videocapillaroscopy (capillary diameters, functional capillary density [FCD], peak red blood cell velocity [RBCVmax] after 1 min ischemia, time to reach peak RBCV [TRBCVmax]), and venous occlusion plethysmography (vasoreactivity), before and after 14 days of oral supplementation with L-arginine (5 g/day). RESULTS L-Arginine did not change fasting glycemia and lipidogram, but it decreased systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in elderly women, increased RBCVmax in all groups, and did not decrease TRBCVmax in T2DME. Capillary diameters and FCD remained unchanged in all groups. L-Arginine improved vasoreactivity during reactive hyperemia and after sublingual nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) in all groups. CONCLUSION L-Arginine supplementation (5g/day during 14 days) was able to improve vascular/microvascular health in the elderly women with or without T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerusa Costa
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (PGCM/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milenna Shushanof
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bottino
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (PGCM/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wong A, Chen SQ, Halvorson BD, Frisbee JC. Microvessel Density: Integrating Sex-Based Differences and Elevated Cardiovascular Risks in Metabolic Syndrome. J Vasc Res 2021; 59:1-15. [PMID: 34535606 DOI: 10.1159/000518787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex pathological state consisting of metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity. The interconnectivity of cellular pathways within various biological systems suggests that each individual component of MetS may share common pathological sources. Additionally, MetS is closely associated with vasculopathy, including a reduction in microvessel density (MVD) (rarefaction) and elevated risk for various cardiovascular diseases. Microvascular impairments may contribute to perfusion-demand mismatch, where local metabolic needs are insufficiently met due to the lack of nutrient and oxygen supply, thus creating pathological positive-feedback loops and furthering the progression of disease. Sexual dimorphism is evident in these underlying cellular mechanisms, which places males and females at different levels of risk for cardiovascular disease and acute ischemic events. Estrogen exhibits protective effects on the endothelium of pre-menopausal women, while androgens may be antagonistic to cardiovascular health. This review examines MetS and its influences on MVD, as well as sex differences relating to the components of MetS and cardiovascular risk profiles. Finally, translational relevance and interventions are discussed in the context of these sex-based differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Wong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shu Qing Chen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brayden D Halvorson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Broatch JR, O'Riordan SF, Keske MA, Betik AC, Bishop DJ, Halson SL, Parker L. Reduced post-exercise muscle microvascular perfusion with compression is offset by increased muscle oxygen extraction: Assessment by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21499. [PMID: 33811697 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002205rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature is important for both health and exercise tolerance in a range of populations. However, methodological limitations have meant changes in microvascular blood flow are rarely assessed in humans during interventions designed to affect skeletal muscle blood flow such as the wearing of compression garments. The aim of this study is, for the first time, to use contrast-enhanced ultrasound to directly measure the effects of compression on muscle microvascular blood flow alongside measures of femoral artery blood flow and muscle oxygenation following intense exercise in healthy adults. It was hypothesized that both muscle microvascular and femoral artery blood flows would be augmented with compression garments as compared with a control condition. Ten recreationally active participants completed two repeated-sprint exercise sessions, with and without lower-limb compression tights. Muscle microvascular blood flow, femoral arterial blood flow (2D and Doppler ultrasound), muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy), cycling performance, and venous blood samples were measured/taken throughout exercise and the 1-hour post-exercise recovery period. Compared with control, compression reduced muscle microvascular blood volume and attenuated the exercise-induced increase in microvascular velocity and flow immediately after exercise and 1 hour post-exercise. Compression increased femoral artery diameter and augmented the exercise-induced increase in femoral arterial blood flow during exercise. Markers of blood oxygen extraction in muscle were increased with compression during and after exercise. Compression had no effect on blood lactate, glucose, or exercise performance. We provide new evidence that lower-limb compression attenuates the exercise-induced increase in skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow following exercise, despite a divergent increase in femoral artery blood flow. Decreased muscle microvascular perfusion is offset by increased muscle oxygen extraction, a potential mechanism allowing for the maintenance of exercise performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Broatch
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australia Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Shane F O'Riordan
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australia Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew C Betik
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shona L Halson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dalle S, Van Roie E, Hiroux C, Vanmunster M, Coudyzer W, Suhr F, Bogaerts S, Van Thienen R, Koppo K. Omega-3 Supplementation Improves Isometric Strength But Not Muscle Anabolic and Catabolic Signaling in Response to Resistance Exercise in Healthy Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:406-414. [PMID: 33284965 PMCID: PMC7907485 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Old skeletal muscle exhibits decreased anabolic sensitivity, eventually contributing to muscle wasting. Besides anabolism, also muscle inflammation and catabolism are critical players in regulating the old skeletal muscle's sensitivity. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) are an interesting candidate to reverse anabolic insensitivity via anabolic actions. Yet, it remains unknown whether ω-3 also attenuates muscle inflammation and catabolism. The present study investigates the effect of ω-3 supplementation on muscle inflammation and metabolism (anabolism/catabolism) upon resistance exercise (RE). Twenty-three older adults (65-84 years; 8♀) were randomized to receive ω-3 (~3 g/d) or corn oil (placebo [PLAC]) and engaged in a 12-week RE program (3×/wk). Before and after intervention, muscle volume, strength, and systemic inflammation were assessed, and muscle biopsies were analyzed for markers of anabolism, catabolism, and inflammation. Isometric knee-extensor strength increased in ω-3 (+12.2%), but not in PLAC (-1.4%; pinteraction = .015), whereas leg press strength improved in both conditions (+27.1%; ptime < .001). RE, but not ω-3, decreased inflammatory (p65NF-κB) and catabolic (FOXO1, LC3b) markers, and improved muscle quality. Yet, muscle volume remained unaffected by RE and ω-3. Accordingly, muscle anabolism (mTORC1) and plasma C-reactive protein remained unchanged by RE and ω-3, whereas serum IL-6 tended to decrease in ω-3 (pinteraction = .07). These results show that, despite no changes in muscle volume, RE-induced gains in isometric strength can be further enhanced by ω-3. However, ω-3 did not improve RE-induced beneficial catabolic or inflammatory adaptations. Irrespective of muscle volume, gains in strength (primary criterion for sarcopenia) might be explained by changes in muscle quality due to muscle inflammatory or catabolic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Dalle
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Roie
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Hiroux
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathias Vanmunster
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Coudyzer
- Department of Morphology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Radiology Section, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Suhr
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Bogaerts
- Locomotor and Neurological Disorders, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud Van Thienen
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shemesh D, Rozenberg K, Rosenzweig T, Abookasis D. Single probe diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to assess the effect of sarcopoterium spinosum treatment on the cerebral tissue properties of ApoE knockout mouse. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000307. [PMID: 33084182 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, diffuse near-infrared light reflectance spectroscopy based on a single optical probe, contains central single collection fiber surrounded by a circular array of illumination fibers, was used to quantify cerebral tissue properties in ApoE knockout mice following Sarcopoterium spinosum treatment. Sarcopoterium spinosum, also known as Thorny burnet, is a Mediterranean plant widely used as a traditional therapy for the treatment of a variety of pathologies, primarily type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). While it's efficacy in the treatment of T2D, and of other components of metabolic syndrome, have already been validated by us, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sarcopoterium spinosum extract (SSE) on dyslipidemia and vascular functions. We utilized ApoE deficient mice (ApoE-/- , Atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient), who have a severe impairment in plasma lipoprotein clearance and thus develop alterations in blood lipid profile and are highly susceptible to atherogenic plaque formation. A total of 34 male mice were divided into five groups representing various genetic, dietary, and treatment configurations. Optical measurements were used to assess changes in diffused reflectance spectra, optical properties (absorption and scattering), and cerebral tissue chromophore contents. Specifically, significant improvement in cerebral hemoglobin level was observed in ApoE KO mice, fed an artherogenic diet (ATD), upon SSE treatment. Biochemical and histological analyses of ApoE-/- ATD mice showed elevated body weight and a high level of blood triglycerides, free fatty acids and cholesterol. In contrast, in SSE treated mice improvement was observed, suggesting beneficial effects of SSE. In ApoE-/- ATD mice group a higher levels of deoxyhemoglobin was monitored indicating that the rate of oxygen release to the tissue is low. This was supported by decrease in oxygen saturation. It was also shown a reduction in water content in the brain of ApoE KO. Mice fed with the atherogenic diet demonstrated increased water content as compared to STD-fed ApoE KO mice, while SSE administration reversed the effect of the diet. To our knowledge, no such study has been reported before.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Shemesh
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Konstantin Rozenberg
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutritional Studies, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutritional Studies, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - David Abookasis
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Soares RN, Reimer RA, Doyle-Baker PK, Murias JM. Mild obesity does not affect the forearm muscle microvascular responses to hyperglycemia. Microcirculation 2020; 28:e12669. [PMID: 33150675 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mild obesity has been associated with postprandial brachial artery vascular dysfunction. However, direct assessment of these effects within the forearm skeletal muscle microcirculation remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of mild obesity on the arm micro- and macrovascular responses to glucose ingestion. METHODS This cross-sectional study combined NIRS assessments of forearm skeletal muscle (FDS) reactivity (reperfusion slope) with %FMD of conduit artery function (brachial artery) before (Pre), as well as 60 and 120 min after glucose ingestion in 10 lean (BMI 23.9 ± 1.8) and 10 obese (BMI 32.9 ± 1.9) individuals. RESULTS Both groups showed a significant increase in the reperfusion slope at 60 and 120 min after glucose ingestion compared with the pre-glucose ingestion measurements. Obese individuals showed a significant (p < .05) reduction in %FMD at 60 min after glucose ingestion, while no significant changes in postprandial %FMD were observed in lean participants. CONCLUSION Even though obese individuals showed impaired postprandial brachial artery function, the current findings suggest that mild obesity does not affect the forearm skeletal muscle responses to glucose ingestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Patricia K Doyle-Baker
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Juan M Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ruggiero AD, Davis A, Sherrill C, Westwood B, Hawkins GA, Palmer ND, Chou JW, Reeves T, Cox LA, Kavanagh K. Skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling with worsening glycemic control in nonhuman primates. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 320:R226-R235. [PMID: 33206559 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00240.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) development may be mediated by skeletal muscle (SkM) function, which is responsible for >80% of circulating glucose uptake. The goals of this study were to assess changes in global- and location-level gene expression, remodeling proteins, fibrosis, and vascularity of SkM with worsening glycemic control, through RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, and immunostaining. We evaluated SkM samples from health-diverse African green monkeys (Cholorcebus aethiops sabaeus) to investigate these relationships. We assessed SkM remodeling at the molecular level by evaluating unbiased transcriptomics in age-, sex-, weight-, and waist circumference-matched metabolically healthy, prediabetic (PreT2D) and T2D monkeys (n = 13). Our analysis applied novel location-specific gene differences and shows that extracellular facing and cell membrane-associated genes and proteins are highly upregulated in metabolic disease. We verified transcript patterns using immunohistochemical staining and protein analyses of matrix metalloproteinase 16 (MMP16), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), and VEGF. Extracellular matrix (ECM) functions to support intercellular communications, including the coupling of capillaries to muscle cells, which was worsened with increasing blood glucose. Multiple regression modeling from age- and health-diverse monkeys (n = 33) revealed that capillary density was negatively predicted by only fasting blood glucose. The loss of vascularity in SkM co-occurred with reduced expression of hypoxia-sensing genes, which is indicative of a disconnect between altered ECM and reduced endothelial cells, and known perfusion deficiencies present in PreT2D and T2D. This report supports that rising blood glucose values incite ECM remodeling and reduce SkM capillarization, and that targeting ECM would be a rational approach to improve health with metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alistaire D Ruggiero
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ashley Davis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Chrissy Sherrill
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brian Westwood
- Department of Hypertension, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jeff W Chou
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tony Reeves
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Laura A Cox
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Parker L, Morrison DJ, Wadley GD, Shaw CS, Betik AC, Roberts‐Thomson K, Kaur G, Keske MA. Prior exercise enhances skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow and mitigates microvascular flow impairments induced by a high‐glucose mixed meal in healthy young men. J Physiol 2020; 599:83-102. [DOI: 10.1113/jp280651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Dale J. Morrison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Glenn D. Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Christopher S. Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Andrew C. Betik
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Katherine Roberts‐Thomson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Michelle A. Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Young GM, Krastins D, Chang D, Lam J, Quah J, Stanton T, Russell F, Greaves K, Kriel Y, Askew CD. Influence of cuff‐occlusion duration on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound assessments of calf muscle microvascular blood flow responsiveness in older adults. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2238-2245. [DOI: 10.1113/ep089065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Marie Young
- VasoActive Research Group School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
- Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Sunshine Coast Health Institute Birtinya Queensland Australia
| | - Digby Krastins
- VasoActive Research Group School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
- Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Sunshine Coast Health Institute Birtinya Queensland Australia
| | - David Chang
- Department of Cardiac Services Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Birtinya Queensland Australia
| | - Jeng Lam
- Department of Cardiac Services Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Birtinya Queensland Australia
| | - Jing Quah
- Department of Cardiac Services Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Birtinya Queensland Australia
| | - Tony Stanton
- VasoActive Research Group School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
- Department of Cardiac Services Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Birtinya Queensland Australia
| | - Fraser Russell
- VasoActive Research Group School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
| | - Kim Greaves
- VasoActive Research Group School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
- Department of Cardiac Services Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Birtinya Queensland Australia
| | - Yuri Kriel
- VasoActive Research Group School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
| | - Christopher David Askew
- VasoActive Research Group School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
- Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Sunshine Coast Health Institute Birtinya Queensland Australia
- Department of Cardiac Services Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Birtinya Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abdulla H, Phillips BE, Wilkinson DJ, Limb M, Jandova T, Bass JJ, Rankin D, Cegielski J, Sayda M, Crossland H, Williams JP, Smith K, Idris I, Atherton PJ. Glucagon-like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13202. [PMID: 32744385 PMCID: PMC7511886 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite its known insulin‐independent effects, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) role in muscle protein turnover has not been explored under fed‐state conditions or in the context of older age, when declines in insulin sensitivity and protein anabolism, as well as losses of muscle mass and function, occur. Methods Eight older‐aged men (71 ± 1 year, mean ± SEM) were studied in a crossover trial. Baseline measures were taken over 3 hr, prior to a 3 hr postprandial insulin (~30 mIU ml−1) and glucose (7–7.5 mM) clamp, alongside I.V. infusions of octreotide and Vamin 14 (±infusions of GLP‐1). Four muscle biopsies were taken, and muscle protein turnover was quantified via incorporation of 13C6 phenylalanine and arteriovenous balance kinetics, using mass spectrometry. Leg macro‐ and microvascular flow was assessed via ultrasound and anabolic signalling by immunoblotting. GLP‐1 and insulin were measured by ELISA. Results GLP‐1 augmented muscle protein synthesis (MPS; fasted: 0.058 ± 0.004% hr−1 vs. postprandial: 0.102 ± 0.005% hr−1, p < 0.01), in comparison with non‐GLP‐1 trials. Muscle protein breakdown (MPB) was reduced throughout clamp period, while net protein balance across the leg became positive in both groups. Total femoral leg blood flow was unchanged by the clamp; however, muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF) was significantly elevated in both groups, and to a significantly greater extent in the GLP‐1 group (MBF: 5 ± 2 vs. 1.9 ± 1 fold change +GLP‐1 and −GLP‐1, respectively, p < 0.01). Activation of the Akt‐mTOR signalling was similar across both trials. Conclusion GLP‐1 infusion markedly enhanced postprandial microvascular perfusion and further stimulated muscle protein metabolism, primarily through increased MPS, during a postprandial insulin hyperaminoacidaemic clamp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Abdulla
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Centre University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Heartlands Hospital Birmingham UK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
- NIHR Nottingham BRC University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Daniel J. Wilkinson
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
| | - Marie Limb
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
| | - Tereza Jandova
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
| | - Joseph J. Bass
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
| | - Debbie Rankin
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
| | - Jessica Cegielski
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
| | - Mariwan Sayda
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
| | - Hannah Crossland
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
| | - John P. Williams
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
- Department of Anaesthesia University Hospitals Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust Derby UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
- NIHR Nottingham BRC University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
- NIHR Nottingham BRC University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes University Hospitals Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust Derby UK
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UK
- NIHR Nottingham BRC University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernandez-Gonzalez V, Reverter-Masia J. Effects of Whole Body Electromyostimulation on Physical Fitness and Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Public Health 2020; 8:313. [PMID: 32793536 PMCID: PMC7391420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related problems such as chronic diseases, functional limitation and dependence, reduce the quality of life in the elderly, and increase public spending in health. It has been established that physical activity plays a fundamental role in the health of the elderly. The whole body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) could be a successful methodology as high-intensity training to improve the physical fitness of older people. Methods: A minimum of 13 women between 55 and 70 years old will be randomized in two groups. The exercise with WB-EMS group (EX + WB-EMS) will conduct a resistance strength training program with superimposed WB-EMS while the exercise group (EX) will perform only resistance strength and aerobic training. Balance, strength, flexibility, agility, speed, and aerobic performance (EXERNET battery and progressive resistance test), as well as body composition, blood parameters and physical activity reporting (IPAQ-E) will be assessed to analyze the effects of whole body electromyostimulation in the physical fitness and the health in postmenopausal women. Discussion: Innovative and scientifically well-designed protocols are needed to enhance the knowledge of the body's responses within this training methodology which is being used by a big quantity of population. This trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of whole-body electromyostimulation in physical fitness and health in elderly women. Trial Registration: ISRCTN15558857 registration data: 27/11/2019 (retrospectively registered).
Collapse
|
19
|
Abushamat LA, McClatchey PM, Scalzo RL, Schauer I, Huebschmann AG, Nadeau KJ, Liu Z, Regensteiner JG, Reusch JEB. Mechanistic Causes of Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa063. [PMID: 32666009 PMCID: PMC7334033 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been rising in prevalence in the United States and worldwide over the past few decades and contributes to significant morbidity and premature mortality, primarily due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factor in the general population and in people with T2D. Young people and adults with T2D have reduced CRF when compared with their peers without T2D who are similarly active and of similar body mass index. Furthermore, the impairment in CRF conferred by T2D is greater in women than in men. Various factors may contribute to this abnormality in people with T2D, including insulin resistance and mitochondrial, vascular, and cardiac dysfunction. As proof of concept that understanding the mediators of impaired CRF in T2D can inform intervention, we previously demonstrated that an insulin sensitizer improved CRF in adults with T2D. This review focuses on how contributing factors influence CRF and why they may be compromised in T2D. Functional exercise capacity is a measure of interrelated systems biology; as such, the contribution of derangement in each of these factors to T2D-mediated impairment in CRF is complex and varied. Therefore, successful approaches to improve CRF in T2D should be multifaceted and individually designed. The current status of this research and future directions are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla A Abushamat
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Rebecca L Scalzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Irene Schauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amy G Huebschmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Parker L, Morrison DJ, Betik AC, Roberts-Thomson K, Kaur G, Wadley GD, Shaw CS, Keske MA. High-glucose mixed-nutrient meal ingestion impairs skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow in healthy young men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E1014-E1021. [PMID: 32286881 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00540.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oral glucose ingestion leads to impaired muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF), which may contribute to acute hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance. We investigated whether incorporating lipids and protein into a high-glucose load would prevent postprandial MBF dysfunction. Ten healthy young men (age, 27 yr [24, 30], mean with lower and upper bounds of the 95% confidence interval; height, 180 cm [174, 185]; weight, 77 kg [70, 84]) ingested a high-glucose (1.1 g/kg glucose) mixed-nutrient meal (10 kcal/kg; 45% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 35% fat) in the morning after an overnight fast. Femoral arterial blood flow was measured via Doppler ultrasound, and thigh MBF was measured via contrast-enhanced ultrasound, before meal ingestion and 1 h and 2 h postprandially. Blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured at baseline and every 15 min throughout the 2-h postprandial period. Compared with baseline, thigh muscle microvascular blood volume, velocity, and flow were significantly impaired at 60 min postprandial (-25%, -27%, and -46%, respectively; all P < 0.05) and to a greater extent at 120 min postprandial (-37%, -46%, and -64%; all P < 0.01). Heart rate and femoral arterial diameter, blood velocity, and blood flow were significantly increased at 60 min and 120 min postprandial (all P < 0.05). Higher blood glucose area under the curve was correlated with greater MBF dysfunction (R2 = 0.742; P < 0.001). Ingestion of a high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal impairs MBF in healthy individuals for up to 2 h postprandial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dale J Morrison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew C Betik
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Roberts-Thomson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher S Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Roerink SHPP, Cocks MS, Wagenmakers MAEM, Rodighiero RP, Strauss JA, Shepherd SO, Plantinga TS, Thijssen DHJ, Hopman MTE, Pereira AM, Smit JW, Wagenmakers AJM, Netea-Maier RT, Hermus ARMM. Decreased Aerobic Exercise Capacity After Long-Term Remission From Cushing Syndrome: Exploration of Mechanisms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5681573. [PMID: 31858120 PMCID: PMC7067548 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although major improvements are achieved after cure of Cushing syndrome (CS), fatigue and decreased quality of life persist. This is the first study to measure aerobic exercise capacity in patients in remission of CS for more than 4 years in comparison with matched controls, and to investigate whether the reduction in exercise capacity is related to alterations in muscle tissue. METHODS Seventeen patients were included. A control individual, matched for sex, estrogen status, age, body mass index, smoking, ethnicity, and physical activity level was recruited for each patient. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak) was assessed during incremental bicycle exercise to exhaustion. In 8 individually matched patients and controls, a percutaneous muscle biopsy was obtained and measures were made of cross-sectional areas, capillarization, and oxphos complex IV (COXIV) protein content as an indicator of mitochondrial content. Furthermore, protein content of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and eNOS phosphorylated on serine1177 and of the NAD(P)H-oxidase subunits NOX2, p47phox, and p67phox were measured in the microvascular endothelial layer. FINDINGS Patients showed a lower mean VO2peak (SD) (28.0 [7.0] vs 34.8 [7.9] ml O2/kg bw/min, P < .01), maximal workload (SD) (176 [49] vs 212 [67] watt, P = .01), and oxygen pulse (SD) (12.0 [3.7] vs 14.8 [4.2] ml/beat, P < .01) at VO2peak. No differences were seen in muscle fiber type-specific cross-sectional area, capillarization measures, mitochondrial content, and protein content of eNOS, eNOS-P-ser1177, NOX2, p47phox, and p67phox. INTERPRETATION Because differences in muscle fiber and microvascular outcome measures are not statistically significant, we hypothesize that cardiac dysfunction, seen in active CS, persists during remission and limits blood supply to muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean H P P Roerink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Sean H. P. P. Roerink, MD, Department of Endocrinology (471), PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Matthew S Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Margreet A E M Wagenmakers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raffaella P Rodighiero
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Juliette A Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Theo S Plantinga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ad R M M Hermus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Han X, Raun SH, Carlsson M, Sjøberg KA, Henriquez-Olguín C, Ali M, Lundsgaard AM, Fritzen AM, Møller LLV, Li Z, Li J, Jensen TE, Kiens B, Sylow L. Cancer causes metabolic perturbations associated with reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in peripheral tissues and impaired muscle microvascular perfusion. Metabolism 2020; 105:154169. [PMID: 31987858 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redirecting glucose from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, likely benefits the tumor's energy demand to support tumor growth, as cancer patients with type 2 diabetes have 30% increased mortality rates. The aim of this study was to elucidate tissue-specific contributions and molecular mechanisms underlying cancer-induced metabolic perturbations. METHODS Glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as hepatic glucose production, were determined in control and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice using isotopic tracers. Skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion was analyzed via a real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound technique. Finally, the role of fatty acid turnover on glycemic control was determined by treating tumor-bearing insulin-resistant mice with nicotinic acid or etomoxir. RESULTS LLC tumor-bearing mice displayed reduced insulin-induced blood-glucose-lowering and glucose intolerance, which was restored by etomoxir or nicotinic acid. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was 30-40% reduced in skeletal muscle and WAT of mice carrying large tumors. Despite compromised glucose uptake, tumor-bearing mice displayed upregulated insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of TBC1D4Thr642 (+18%), AKTSer474 (+65%), and AKTThr309 (+86%) in muscle. Insulin caused a 70% increase in muscle microvascular perfusion in control mice, which was abolished in tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, tumor-bearing mice displayed increased (+45%) basal (not insulin-stimulated) hepatic glucose production. CONCLUSIONS Cancer can result in marked perturbations on at least six metabolically essential functions; i) insulin's blood-glucose-lowering effect, ii) glucose tolerance, iii) skeletal muscle and WAT insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, iv) intramyocellular insulin signaling, v) muscle microvascular perfusion, and vi) basal hepatic glucose production in mice. The mechanism causing cancer-induced insulin resistance may relate to fatty acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Han
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michala Carlsson
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mona Ali
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L V Møller
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhen Li
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jinwen Li
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Both higher fitness level and higher current physical activity level may be required for intramyocellular lipid accumulation in non-athlete men. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4102. [PMID: 32139784 PMCID: PMC7057967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) is observed in individuals with insulin resistance as well as insulin-sensitive endurance athletes with high peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), which is called the athlete’s paradox. It remains unclear whether non-athletes with higher fitness levels have IMCL accumulation and higher insulin sensitivity in general. In this study, we investigated the association between IMCL accumulation and muscle insulin sensitivity (M-IS) in subjects with high or low VO2peak. We studied 61 nonobese (BMI, 23 to 25 kg/m2), non-athlete Japanese men. We divided the subjects into four groups based on the median value of VO2peak and IMCL in the soleus muscle. We evaluated M-IS using a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Among subjects with higher VO2peak (n = 32), half of those (n = 16) had lower IMCL levels. Both High-VO2peak groups had higher M-IS than the Low-VO2peak groups. On the other hand, M-IS was comparable between the High-VO2peak/High-IMCL and High-VO2peak/Low-IMCL groups, whereas the High-VO2peak/High-IMCL group had IMCL levels that were twice as high as those in the High-VO2peak/Low-IMCL group. On the other hand, the High-VO2peak/High-IMCL group had significantly higher physical activity levels (approximately 1.8-fold) than the other three groups. In conclusion, in nonobese, non-athlete Japanese men, subjects with higher VO2peak and higher IMCL had higher physical activity levels. IMCL accumulation is not associated with insulin resistance in individuals with higher or lower fitness levels.
Collapse
|
24
|
Attrill E, Ramsay C, Ross R, Richards S, Sutherland BA, Keske MA, Eringa E, Premilovac D. Metabolic-vascular coupling in skeletal muscle: A potential role for capillary pericytes? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:520-528. [PMID: 31702069 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The matching of capillary blood flow to metabolic rate of the cells within organs and tissues is a critical microvascular function which ensures appropriate delivery of hormones and nutrients, and the removal of waste products. This relationship is particularly important in tissues where local metabolism, and hence capillary blood flow, must be regulated to avoid a mismatch between nutrient demand and supply that would compromise normal function. The consequences of a mismatch in microvascular blood flow and metabolism are acutely apparent in the brain and heart, where a sudden cessation of blood flow, for example following an embolism, acutely manifests as stroke or myocardial infarction. Even in more resilient tissues such as skeletal muscle, a short-term mismatch reduces muscle performance and exercise tolerance, and can cause intermittent claudication. In the longer-term, a microvascular-metabolic mismatch in skeletal muscle reduces insulin-mediated muscle glucose uptake, leading to disturbances in whole-body metabolic homeostasis. While the notion that capillary blood flow is fine-tuned to meet cellular metabolism is well accepted, the mechanisms that control this function and where and how different parts of the vascular tree contribute to capillary blood flow regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss the emerging evidence implicating pericytes, mural cells that surround capillaries, as key mediators that match tissue metabolic demand with adequate capillary blood flow in a number of organs, including skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Attrill
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Ciaran Ramsay
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Renee Ross
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Stephen Richards
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- The Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Etto Eringa
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dino Premilovac
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Adipocytes initiate an adipose-cerebral-peripheral sympathetic reflex to induce insulin resistance during high-fat feeding. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1883-1899. [PMID: 31477624 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism by which amassing of white adipose tissue in obesity regulates sympathetic nerve system (SNS) drive to the tissues responsible for glucose disposal, and causes insulin resistance (IR), remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that high-fat (HF) feeding increases afferent impulses from white adipose tissue that reflexively elevate efferent nerve activity to skeletal muscle (SM) and adipose tissue to impair their local glucose uptake. We also investigated how salt-intake can enhance IR. HF-fed rats received a normal salt (0.4%) or high salt (4%) diet for 3 weeks. High-salt intake in HF fed rats decreased insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake by over 30% in white adipose tissue and SM, exacerbated inflammation, and impaired their insulin signaling and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) trafficking. Dietary salt in HF fed rats also increased the activity of the adipose-cerebral-muscle renin-angiotensin system (RAS) axes, SNS, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Insulin sensitivity was reduced by 32% in HF rats during high-salt intake, but was improved by over 62% by interruption of central RAS and SNS drive, and by over 45% by denervation or deafferentation of epididymal fat (all P<0.05). Our study suggest that a HF diet engages a sympathetic reflex from the white adipose tissue that activates adipose-cerebral-muscle RAS/ROS axes and coordinates a reduction in peripheral glucose uptake. These are all enhanced by salt-loading. These findings provide new insight into the role of a reflex initiated in adipose tissue in the regulation of glucose homeostasis during HF feeding that could lead to new therapeutic approaches to IR.
Collapse
|
26
|
Allerton TD, Irving BA, Spielmann G, Primeaux S, Landin D, Nelson A, Johannsen NM. Metabolic flexibility is impaired in response to acute exercise in the young offspring of mothers with type 2 diabetes. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14189. [PMID: 31496022 PMCID: PMC6732566 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed metabolic flexibility (MF) via a mixed meal in a group of young, healthy participants with a positive family history of maternal type 2 diabetes (T2D) (FH+) and those without a family history of T2D (FH-) under three distinct conditions; baseline (BL; no previous exercise), 1-h post high intensity interval exercise (1H), and 48-h post exercise recovery. On separate visits, participants completed a single bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and repeated the MMTT 1-h (1H) and 48 h (48H) postexercise. FH+ participants were not able to suppress fat oxidation 1-h post exercise (1H) as effectively as FH- participants were, however, this response was improved when measured at the 48H visit. Insulin AUC was significantly lowered at both 1H and 48H when compared to the BL visit. Serum NEFA AUC was elevated 1-h post exercise, when compared to BL, but was significantly reduced at the 48H visit. Young, healthy participants with a maternal history of T2D demonstrate impaired MF (related to the inability to suppress fat oxidation) in response to acute HIIE (1H) that was improved 48H. The overall effect of HIIE showed improved insulin AUC and NEFA AUC up to 48H post that did not differ by FH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian A. Irving
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
- Human GenomicsPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
- Human GenomicsPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Stefany Primeaux
- Department of PhysiologyLouisiana State University Health Science CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Dennis Landin
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Arnold Nelson
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Neil M. Johannsen
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
- Preventative MedicinePennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisiana
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jansson L, Carlsson PO. Pancreatic Blood Flow with Special Emphasis on Blood Perfusion of the Islets of Langerhans. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:799-837. [PMID: 30892693 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islets are more richly vascularized than the exocrine pancreas, and possess a 5- to 10-fold higher basal and stimulated blood flow, which is separately regulated. This is reflected in the vascular anatomy of the pancreas where islets have separate arterioles. There is also an insulo-acinar portal system, where numerous venules connect each islet to the acinar capillaries. Both islets and acini possess strong metabolic regulation of their blood perfusion. Of particular importance, especially in the islets, is adenosine and ATP/ADP. Basal and stimulated blood flow is modified by local endothelial mediators, the nervous system as well as gastrointestinal hormones. Normally the responses to the nervous system, especially the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, are fairly similar in endocrine and exocrine parts. The islets seem to be more sensitive to the effects of endothelial mediators, especially nitric oxide, which is a permissive factor to maintain the high basal islet blood flow. The gastrointestinal hormones with pancreatic effects mainly influence the exocrine pancreatic blood flow, whereas islets are less affected. A notable exception is incretin hormones and adipokines, which preferentially affect islet vasculature. Islet hormones can influence both exocrine and endocrine blood vessels, and these complex effects are discussed. Secondary changes in pancreatic and islet blood flow occur during several conditions. To what extent changes in blood perfusion may affect the pathogenesis of pancreatic diseases is discussed. Both type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute pancreatitis are conditions where we think there is evidence that blood flow may contribute to disease manifestations. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:799-837, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leif Jansson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Climie RE, Wheeler MJ, Grace M, Lambert EA, Cohen N, Owen N, Kingwell BA, Dunstan DW, Green DJ. Simple intermittent resistance activity mitigates the detrimental effect of prolonged unbroken sitting on arterial function in overweight and obese adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1787-1794. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00544.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged sitting contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The underlying mechanisms are unknown but may include changes in arterial function and vasoactive mediators. We examined the effects of prolonged unbroken sitting, relative to regular active interruptions to sitting time, on arterial function in adults at increased CVD risk. In a randomized crossover trial, 19 sedentary overweight/obese adults (mean ± SD age 57 ± 12 yr) completed 2 laboratory-based conditions: 5 h uninterrupted sitting (SIT) and 5 h sitting interrupted every 30 min by 3 min of simple resistance activities (SRA). Femoral artery function [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)], blood flow, and shear rate were measured at 0 h, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h. Brachial FMD was assessed at 0 and 5 h. Plasma was collected hourly for measurement of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitrates/nitrites, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). There was a significant decline in femoral artery FMD, averaged over 5 h in the SIT condition, relative to SRA ( P < 0.001). Plasma ET-1 total area under the curve over 5 h increased in the SIT condition compared with SRA ( P = 0.006). There was no significant difference between conditions in femoral or brachial shear rate, brachial FMD, nitrates/nitrites, VCAM-1, or ICAM-1 ( P > 0.05 for all). Five hours of prolonged sitting, relative to regular interruptions to sitting time, impaired femoral artery vasodilator function and increased circulating ET-1 in overweight/obese adults. There is the need to build on this evidence beyond acute observations to better understand the potential longer-term vascular-related consequences of prolonged sitting. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine the effect of prolonged sitting on arterial function in adults at increased cardiovascular disease risk. We have shown that 5 h of prolonged sitting, relative to regular interruptions to sitting time, impaired femoral artery vasodilator function and increased circulating endothelin-1 in overweight/obese adults. There is now the need to build on this evidence beyond acute observations to better understand the potential longer-term vascular-related consequences of prolonged sitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Climie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael J. Wheeler
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Megan Grace
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth A. Lambert
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neale Cohen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A. Kingwell
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Services, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W. Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu D, Russell RD, Remash D, Greenaway T, Rattigan S, Squibb KA, Jones G, Ross RM, Roberts CK, Premilovac D, Richards SM, Keske MA. Are the metabolic benefits of resistance training in type 2 diabetes linked to improvements in adipose tissue microvascular blood flow? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1242-E1250. [PMID: 30351988 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00234.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The microcirculation in adipose tissue is markedly impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Resistance training (RT) often increases muscle mass and promotes a favorable metabolic profile in people with T2D, even in the absence of fat loss. Whether the metabolic benefits of RT in T2D are linked to improvements in adipose tissue microvascular blood flow is unknown. Eighteen sedentary people with T2D (7 women/11 men, 52 ± 7 yr) completed 6 wk of RT. Before and after RT, overnight-fasted participants had blood sampled for clinical chemistries (glucose, insulin, lipids, HbA1c, and proinflammatory markers) and underwent an oral glucose challenge (OGC; 50 g glucose × 2 h) and a DEXA scan to assess body composition. Adipose tissue microvascular blood volume and flow were assessed at rest and 1 h post-OGC using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. RT significantly reduced fasting blood glucose ( P = 0.006), HbA1c ( P = 0.007), 2-h glucose area under the time curve post-OGC ( P = 0.014), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ( P = 0.005). This was accompanied by a small reduction in total body fat ( P = 0.002), trunk fat ( P = 0.023), and fasting triglyceride levels ( P = 0.029). Lean mass ( P = 0.003), circulating TNF-α ( P = 0.006), and soluble VCAM-1 ( P < 0.001) increased post-RT. There were no significant changes in adipose tissue microvascular blood volume or flow following RT; however those who did have a higher baseline microvascular blood flow post-RT also had lower fasting triglyceride levels ( r = -0.476, P = 0.045). The anthropometric, glycemic, and insulin-sensitizing benefits of 6 wk of RT in people with T2D are not associated with an improvement in adipose tissue microvascular responses; however, there may be an adipose tissue microvascular-linked benefit to fasting triglyceride levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Hu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Ryan D Russell
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Health Services, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , Brownsville, Texas
| | - Devika Remash
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Timothy Greenaway
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
- Royal Hobart Hospital , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Stephen Rattigan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Kathryn A Squibb
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Renee M Ross
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Christian K Roberts
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dino Premilovac
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Stephen M Richards
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Meneses AL, Nam MCY, Bailey TG, Magee R, Golledge J, Hellsten Y, Keske MA, Greaves K, Askew CD. Leg blood flow and skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion responses to submaximal exercise in peripheral arterial disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1425-H1433. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00232.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by stenosis and occlusion of the lower limb arteries. Although leg blood flow is limited in PAD, it remains unclear whether skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion is affected. We compared whole leg blood flow and calf muscle microvascular perfusion after cuff occlusion and submaximal leg exercise between patients with PAD ( n = 12, 69 ± 9 yr) and healthy age-matched control participants ( n = 12, 68 ± 7 yr). Microvascular blood flow (microvascular volume × flow velocity) of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was measured before and immediately after the following: 1) 5 min of thigh-cuff occlusion, and 2) a 5-min bout of intermittent isometric plantar-flexion exercise (400 N) using real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Whole leg blood flow was measured after thigh-cuff occlusion and during submaximal plantar-flexion exercise using strain-gauge plethysmography. Postocclusion whole leg blood flow and calf muscle microvascular perfusion were lower in patients with PAD than control participants, and these parameters were strongly correlated ( r = 0.84, P < 0.01). During submaximal exercise, total whole leg blood flow and vascular conductance were not different between groups. There were also no group differences in postexercise calf muscle microvascular perfusion, although microvascular blood volume was higher in patients with PAD than control participants (12.41 ± 6.98 vs. 6.34 ± 4.98 arbitrary units, P = 0.03). This study demonstrates that the impaired muscle perfusion of patients with PAD during postocclusion hyperemia is strongly correlated with disease severity and is likely mainly determined by the limited conduit artery flow. In response to submaximal leg exercise, microvascular flow volume was elevated in patients with PAD, which may reflect a compensatory mechanism to maintain muscle perfusion and oxygen delivery during recovery from exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study suggests that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has different effects on the microvascular perfusion responses to cuff occlusion and submaximal leg exercise. Patients with PAD have impaired microvascular perfusion after cuff occlusion, similar to that previously reported after maximal exercise. In response to submaximal exercise, however, the microvascular flow volume response was elevated in patients with PAD compared with control. This finding may reflect a compensatory mechanism to maintain perfusion and oxygen delivery during recovery from exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelise L. Meneses
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael C. Y. Nam
- Department of Cardiology, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tom G. Bailey
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Magee
- Department of Surgery, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michelle A. Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Greaves
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher D. Askew
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hasan MM, Shalaby SM, El-Gendy J, Abdelghany EMA. Beneficial effects of metformin on muscle atrophy induced by obesity in rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5677-5686. [PMID: 30320911 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM A growing interest to understand the signaling pathways mediating obesity-induced muscle atrophy is given. Metformin (Met) was reported to possess positive effects on preventing muscle damage and promoting muscle mass maintenance. The aim of the present study to investigate pathways involved in Met effect on obesity induced muscle atrophy. METHODS Thirty adult male albino rats were assigned into two groups: normal chew diet fed group as control group (C; n = 10) and high-fat-diet (HFD) fed group ( n = 20). After 16 weeks, the HFD-fed animals were subdivided into two groups; HFD group ( n = 10) and HFD fed treated with oral Met (320 mg/day) treatment (Met, n = 10) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment; final body weight, visceral fat weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin, lactate, total cholesterol, triglycerides were measured and calculated homeostatic model assessment insulin resistant (HOMA-IR) for all groups. Soleus muscle weight, histopathlogical examination and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), forkhead box O3 (FoxO3), atrogin-1/MAFbx, and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF-1) were performed. RESULTS HFD-fed animals showed significant increase in final body weight, visceral fat mass, fasting blood glucose, insulin, calculated HOMA-IR, lactate, total cholesterol and triglycerides with significant decrease in soleus muscle weight, PGC-1α and significant increase in FoxO3, atrogin-1/MAFbx, and MuRF-1 expression. Also, there was significant decrease in fiber diameter, myosin heavy chain (MHC) I content while collagen content and myosin heavy chain IIa were increased compared with control group. Met-treated group showed a significant decrease in the measured parameters compared with the HFD group. It also restored the gene expression, morphometric measures and MHC composition toward normal. CONCLUSION The current study is the first to provide evidence that Met could ameliorate muscle atrophy in high-fat diet induced obesity and this effect may be in part due to regulation of PGC-1α-FoxO3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Hasan
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sally M Shalaby
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jehan El-Gendy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M A Abdelghany
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Multifaceted Interweaving Between Extracellular Matrix, Insulin Resistance, and Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100148. [PMID: 30249008 PMCID: PMC6211053 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle provides movement and support to the skeleton, controls body temperature, and regulates the glucose level within the body. This is the core tissue of insulin-mediated glucose uptake via glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides integrity and biochemical signals and plays an important role in myogenesis. In addition, it undergoes remodeling upon injury and/or repair, which is also related to insulin resistance (IR), a major cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Altered signaling of integrin and ECM remodeling in diet-induced obesity is associated with IR. This review highlights the interweaving relationship between the ECM, IR, and skeletal muscle. In addition, the importance of the ECM in muscle integrity as well as cellular functions is explored. IR and skeletal muscle ECM remodeling has been discussed in clinical and nonclinical aspects. Furthermore, this review considers the role of ECM glycation and its effects on skeletal muscle homeostasis, concentrating on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as an important risk factor for the development of IR. Understanding this complex interplay between the ECM, muscle, and IR may improve knowledge and help develop new ideas for novel therapeutics for several IR-associated myopathies and diabetes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Dunford EC, Au JS, Devries MC, Phillips SM, MacDonald MJ. Cardiovascular aging and the microcirculation of skeletal muscle: using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1194-H1199. [PMID: 30074839 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00737.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest and most important site of capillary-tissue exchange, especially during high-energy demand tasks such as exercise; however, information regarding the role of the microcirculation in maintaining skeletal muscle health is limited. Changes in microcirculatory function, as observed with aging, chronic and cardiovascular diseases, and exercise, likely precede any alterations that arise in larger vessels, although further investigation into these changes is required. One of the main barriers to addressing this knowledge gap is the lack of methodologies for quantifying microvascular function in vivo; the utilization of valid and noninvasive quantification methods would allow the dynamic evaluation of microvascular flow during periods of clinical relevance such as during increased demand for flow (exercise) or decreased demand for flow (disuse). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a promising noninvasive technique that has been used for diagnostic medicine and more recently as a complementary research modality to investigate the response of the microcirculation in insulin resistance, diabetes, and aging. To improve the reproducibility of these measurements, our laboratory has optimized the quantification protocol associated with a bolus injection of the contrast agent for research purposes. This brief report outlines the assessment of microvascular flow using the raw time-intensity curve incorporated into gamma variate response modeling. CEUS could be used to compliment any macrovascular assessments to capture a more complete picture of the aging vasculature, and the modified methods presented here provide a template for the general analysis of CEUS within a research setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Dunford
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jason S Au
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Michaela C Devries
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Russell RD, Hu D, Greenaway T, Sharman JE, Rattigan S, Richards SM, Keske MA. Oral glucose challenge impairs skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow in healthy people. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E307-E315. [PMID: 29763373 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00448.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle microvascular (capillary) blood flow increases in the postprandial state or during insulin infusion due to dilation of precapillary arterioles to augment glucose disposal. This effect occurs independently of changes in large artery function. However, acute hyperglycemia impairs vascular function, causes insulin to vasoconstrict precapillary arterioles, and causes muscle insulin resistance in vivo. We hypothesized that acute hyperglycemia impairs postprandial muscle microvascular perfusion, without disrupting normal large artery hemodynamics, in healthy humans. Fifteen healthy people (5 F/10 M) underwent an oral glucose challenge (OGC, 50 g glucose) and a mixed-meal challenge (MMC) on two separate occasions (randomized, crossover design). At 1 h, both challenges produced a comparable increase (6-fold) in plasma insulin levels. However, the OGC produced a 1.5-fold higher increase in blood glucose compared with the MMC 1 h postingestion. Forearm muscle microvascular blood volume and flow (contrast-enhanced ultrasound) were increased during the MMC (1.3- and 1.9-fold from baseline, respectively, P < 0.05 for both) but decreased during the OGC (0.7- and 0.6-fold from baseline, respectively, P < 0.05 for both) despite a similar hyperinsulinemia. Both challenges stimulated brachial artery flow (ultrasound) and heart rate to a similar extent, as well as yielding comparable decreases in diastolic blood pressure and total vascular resistance. Systolic blood pressure and aortic stiffness remained unaltered by either challenge. Independently of large artery hemodynamics, hyperglycemia impairs muscle microvascular blood flow, potentially limiting glucose disposal into skeletal muscle. The OGC reduced microvascular blood flow in muscle peripherally and therefore may underestimate the importance of skeletal muscle in postprandial glucose disposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Russell
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , Brownsville, Texas
| | - Donghua Hu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Timothy Greenaway
- Royal Hobart Hospital , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - James E Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Stephen Rattigan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Stephen M Richards
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition. Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lemaster KA, Frisbee SJ, Dubois L, Tzemos N, Wu F, Lewis MT, Wiseman RW, Frisbee JC. Chronic atorvastatin and exercise can partially reverse established skeletal muscle microvasculopathy in metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H855-H870. [PMID: 29932769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00193.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that chronic metabolic disease is associated with a parallel increase in the risk for developing peripheral vascular disease. Although more clinically relevant, our understanding about reversing established vasculopathy is limited compared with our understanding of the mechanisms and development of impaired vascular structure/function under these conditions. Using the 13-wk-old obese Zucker rat (OZR) model of metabolic syndrome, where microvascular dysfunction is sufficiently established to contribute to impaired skeletal muscle function, we imposed a 7-wk intervention of chronic atorvastatin treatment, chronic treadmill exercise, or both. By 20 wk of age, untreated OZRs manifested a diverse vasculopathy that was a central contributor to poor muscle performance, perfusion, and impaired O2 exchange. Atorvastatin or exercise, with the combination being most effective, improved skeletal muscle vascular metabolite profiles (i.e., nitric oxide, PGI2, and thromboxane A2 bioavailability), reactivity, and perfusion distribution at both individual bifurcations and within the entire microvascular network versus responses in untreated OZRs. However, improvements to microvascular structure (i.e., wall mechanics and microvascular density) were less robust. The combination of the above improvements to vascular function with interventions resulted in an improved muscle performance and O2 transport and exchange versus untreated OZRs, especially at moderate metabolic rates (3-Hz twitch contraction). These results suggest that specific interventions can improve specific indexes of function from established vasculopathy, but either this process was incomplete after 7-wk duration or measures of vascular structure are either resistant to reversal or require better-targeted interventions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used atorvastatin and/or chronic exercise to reverse established microvasculopathy in skeletal muscle of rats with metabolic syndrome. With established vasculopathy, atorvastatin and exercise had moderate abilities to reverse dysfunction, and the combined application of both was more effective at restoring function. However, increased vascular wall stiffness and reduced microvessel density were more resistant to reversal. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/reversal-of-microvascular-dysfunction/ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Lemaster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Stephanie J Frisbee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Luc Dubois
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Nikolaos Tzemos
- Division of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Fan Wu
- DMPK, Nonclinical Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, New Jersey
| | - Matthew T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sohrabipour S, Sharifi MR, Talebi A, Sharifi M, Soltani N. GABA dramatically improves glucose tolerance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with high-fat diet. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
37
|
De Lorenzo A, Van Bavel D, de Moraes R, Tibiriça EV. High-intensity interval training or continuous training, combined or not with fasting, in obese or overweight women with cardiometabolic risk factors: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019304. [PMID: 29705753 PMCID: PMC5931292 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical inactivity and increased caloric intake play important roles in the pathophysiology of obesity. Increasing physical activity and modifying eating behaviours are first-line interventions, frequently hampered by lack of time to exercise and difficulties in coping with different diets. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) may be a time-efficient method compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (CT). Conversely, diets with a fasting component may be more effective than other complex and restrictive diets, as it essentially limits caloric intake to a specified period without major diet composition changes. Therefore, the combination of HIIT and fasting may provide incremental benefits in terms of effectiveness and time efficiency in obese and sedentary populations. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of HIIT versus CT, combined or not with fasting, on microcirculatory function, cardiometabolic parameters, anthropometric indices, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in a population of sedentary overweight or obese women with cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Sedentary women aged 30-50 years, with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and cardiometabolic risk factors, will be randomised to HIIT performed in the fasting state, HIIT performed in the fed state, CT in the fasting state or CT in the fed state. Cardiometabolic parameters, anthropometric indices, cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life and microvascular function (cutaneous capillary density and microvascular reactivity evaluated by laser speckle contrast imaging) will be evaluated before initiation of the interventions and 16 weeks thereafter. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the local ethics committee (Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). All patients provide written informed consent before enrolment and randomisation. The study's results will be disseminated to the healthcare community by publications and presentations at scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03236285.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Lorenzo
- Research and Teaching Department, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo Van Bavel
- Research and Teaching Department, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roger de Moraes
- Physical Education Department, Estacio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo V Tibiriça
- Research and Teaching Department, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor-B in metabolic homoeostasis: current evidence. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171089. [PMID: 28798193 PMCID: PMC5577206 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that adipose tissue and skeletal muscles in lean individuals respond to meal-induced hyperinsulinemia by increase in perfusion, the effect not observed in patients with metabolic syndrome. In conditions of hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridemia, this insufficient vascularization leads to the liberation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disruption of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and endothelial signalling responsible for the uptake of circulating fatty acids (FAs), whose accumulation in skeletal muscles and adipose tissue is widely associated with the impairment of insulin signalling. While the angiogenic role of VEGF-A and its increased circulating concentrations in obesity have been widely confirmed, the data related to the metabolic role of VEGF-B are diverse. However, recent discoveries indicate that this growth factor may be a promising therapeutic agent in patients with metabolic syndrome. Preclinical studies agree over two crucial metabolic effects of VEGF-B: (i) regulation of FAs uptake and (ii) regulation of tissue perfusion via activation of VEGF-A/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 (VEGFR2) pathway. While in some preclinical high-fat diet studies, VEGF-B overexpression reverted glucose intolerance and stimulated fat burning, in others it further promoted accumulation of lipids and lipotoxicity. Data from clinical studies point out the changes in circulating or tissue expression levels of VEGF-B in obese compared with lean patients. Potentially beneficial effects of VEGF-B, achieved through enhanced blood flow (increased availability of insulin and glucose uptake in target organs) and decreased FAs uptake (prevention of lipotoxicity and improved insulin signalling), and its safety for clinical use, remain to be clarified through future translational research.
Collapse
|
39
|
Fanning KM, Pfisterer B, Davis AT, Presley TD, Williams IM, Wasserman DH, Cline JM, Kavanagh K. Changes in microvascular density differentiate metabolic health outcomes in monkeys with prior radiation exposure and subsequent skeletal muscle ECM remodeling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R290-R297. [PMID: 28701320 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00108.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiation exposure accelerates the onset of age-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neoplasia and, thus, lends insight into in vivo mechanisms common to these disorders. Fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which occur with aging and overnutrition and following irradiation, are risk factors for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We previously demonstrated an increased incidence of skeletal muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in monkeys that had been exposed to whole body irradiation 5-9 yr prior. We hypothesized that irradiation-induced fibrosis alters muscle architecture, predisposing irradiated animals to insulin resistance and overt diabetes. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, n = 7-8/group) grouped as nonirradiated age-matched controls (Non-Rad-CTL), irradiated nondiabetic monkeys (Rad-CTL), and irradiated monkeys that subsequently developed diabetes (Rad-DM) were compared. Prior radiation exposure resulted in persistent skeletal muscle ECM changes, including a relative overabundance of collagen IV and a trend toward increased transforming growth factor-β1. Preservation of microvascular markers differentiated the irradiated diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Microvascular density and plasma nitrate and heat shock protein 90 levels were lower in Rad-DM than Rad-CTL. These results are consistent with a protective effect of abundant microvasculature in maintaining glycemic control within radiation-induced fibrotic muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Fanning
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - B Pfisterer
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - A T Davis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - T D Presley
- Department of Chemistry, Winston Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - I M Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - D H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - J M Cline
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - K Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hildebrandt W, Schwarzbach H, Pardun A, Hannemann L, Bogs B, König AM, Mahnken AH, Hildebrandt O, Koehler U, Kinscherf R. Age-related differences in skeletal muscle microvascular response to exercise as detected by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172771. [PMID: 28273102 PMCID: PMC5342194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging involves reductions in exercise total limb blood flow and exercise capacity. We hypothesized that this may involve early age-related impairments of skeletal muscle microvascular responsiveness as previously reported for insulin but not for exercise stimuli in humans. Methods Using an isometric exercise model, we studied the effect of age on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters, i.e. microvascular blood volume (MBV), flow velocity (MFV) and blood flow (MBF) calculated from replenishment of Sonovue contrast-agent microbubbles after their destruction. CEUS was applied to the vastus lateralis (VLat) and intermedius (VInt) muscle in 15 middle-aged (MA, 43.6±1.5 years) and 11 young (YG, 24.1±0.6 years) healthy males before, during, and after 2 min of isometric knee extension at 15% of peak torque (PT). In addition, total leg blood flow as recorded by femoral artery Doppler-flow. Moreover, fiber-type-specific and overall capillarisation as well as fiber composition were additionally assessed in Vlat biopsies obtained from CEUS site. MA and YG had similar quadriceps muscle MRT-volume or PT and maximal oxygen uptake as well as a normal cardiovascular risk factors and intima-media-thickness. Results During isometric exercise MA compared to YG reached significantly lower levels in MFV (0.123±0.016 vs. 0.208±0.036 a.u.) and MBF (0.007±0.001 vs. 0.012±0.002 a.u.). In the VInt the (post-occlusive hyperemia) post-exercise peaks in MBV and MBF were significantly lower in MA vs. YG. Capillary density, capillary fiber contacts and femoral artery Doppler were similar between MA and YG. Conclusions In the absence of significant age-related reductions in capillarisation, total leg blood flow or muscle mass, healthy middle-aged males reveal impaired skeletal muscle microcirculatory responses to isometric exercise. Whether this limits isometric muscle performance remains to be assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wulf Hildebrandt
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Hans Schwarzbach
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anita Pardun
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lena Hannemann
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Björn Bogs
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M. König
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM) University, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Mahnken
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM) University, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Hildebrandt
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM) Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koehler
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM) Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rodriguez-Raecke R, Yang H, Bruenner YF, Freiherr J. Intranasal Insulin Boosts Gustatory Sensitivity. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 27883233 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal insulin has been the subject of attention not only with respect to enhancing memory processes, but also for its anorexic effects, as well as its effects on olfactory sensitivity. In the present study, the influence of intranasal insulin on gustatory sensitivity was investigated using intranasal applications of insulin or placebo in a double-blind manner alongside a control condition without any application. We hypothesised that, because it mediates satiety, intranasal insulin alters gustatory sensitivity, whereas placebo application and the control should not alter gustatory sensitivity. We did not expect the sensitivity to the different taste solutions to differ. Sweet, salty, bitter and sour liquids in four concentrations each were sprayed onto the tongue of healthy male subjects. Additionally, water with no taste was applied to enable calculation of taste sensitivity in terms of parameter d' of signal detection theory. The task of the subject was to identify the quality of the respective tastant. Gustatory sensitivity and blood parameters were evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVAs. Gustatory sensitivity (implying all tastants) improved significantly after intranasal insulin application compared to the application of placebo, although it did not reach significance compared to the control condition. Subjects performed best when detecting the sweet taste and worst when detecting the bitter taste. The blood parameters glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment and leptin did not differ with respect to insulin or placebo condition, nor did they differ regarding measurements preceding or following intranasal application, in confirmation of preserved peripheral euglycaemia during the experiment. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of intranasal insulin led to an improved gustatory sensitivity compared to placebo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rodriguez-Raecke
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - H Yang
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Y F Bruenner
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Freiherr
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wagenmakers AJM. Impact of physical activity, ageing, obesity and metabolic syndrome on muscle microvascular perfusion and endothelial metabolism. J Physiol 2016; 594:2205-6. [PMID: 27079629 DOI: 10.1113/jp270525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kouw IWK, Cermak NM, Burd NA, Churchward-Venne TA, Senden JM, Gijsen AP, van Loon LJC. Sodium nitrate co-ingestion with protein does not augment postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in older, type 2 diabetes patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E325-34. [PMID: 27221118 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00122.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The age-related anabolic resistance to protein ingestion is suggested to be associated with impairments in insulin-mediated capillary recruitment and postprandial muscle tissue perfusion. The present study investigated whether dietary nitrate co-ingestion with protein improves muscle protein synthesis in older, type 2 diabetes patients. Twenty-four men with type 2 diabetes (72 ± 1 yr, 26.7 ± 1.4 m/kg(2) body mass index, 7.3 ± 0.4% HbA1C) received a primed continuous infusion of l-[ring-(2)H5]phenylalanine and l-[1-(13)C]leucine and ingested 20 g of intrinsically l-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine- and l-[1-(13)C]leucine-labeled protein with (PRONO3) or without (PRO) sodium nitrate (0.15 mmol/kg). Blood and muscle samples were collected to assess protein digestion and absorption kinetics and postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates. Upon protein ingestion, exogenous phenylalanine appearance rates increased in both groups (P < 0.001), resulting in 55 ± 2% and 53 ± 2% of dietary protein-derived amino acids becoming available in the circulation over the 5h postprandial period in the PRO and PRONO3 groups, respectively. Postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates based on l-[ring-(2)H5]phenylalanine did not differ between groups (0.025 ± 0.004 and 0.021 ± 0.007%/h over 0-2 h and 0.032 ± 0.004 and 0.030 ± 0.003%/h over 2-5 h in PRO and PRONO3, respectively, P = 0.7). No differences in incorporation of dietary protein-derived l-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine into de novo myofibrillar protein were observed at 5 h (0.016 ± 0.002 and 0.014 ± 0.002 mole percent excess in PRO and PRONO3, respectively, P = 0.8). Dietary nitrate co-ingestion with protein does not modulate protein digestion and absorption kinetics, nor does it further increase postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates or the incorporation of dietary protein-derived amino acids into de novo myofibrillar protein in older, type 2 diabetes patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imre W K Kouw
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi M Cermak
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tyler A Churchward-Venne
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joan M Senden
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P Gijsen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mann GE. Cardiovascular and skeletal muscle ageing: consequences for longevity. J Physiol 2016; 594:1961-3. [PMID: 27079628 PMCID: PMC4933101 DOI: 10.1113/jp270578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bradley H, Shaw CS, Bendtsen C, Worthington PL, Wilson OJ, Strauss JA, Wallis GA, Turner AM, Wagenmakers AJM. Visualization and quantitation of GLUT4 translocation in human skeletal muscle following glucose ingestion and exercise. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/5/e12375. [PMID: 25969463 PMCID: PMC4463815 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin- and contraction-stimulated increases in glucose uptake into skeletal muscle occur in part as a result of the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from intracellular stores to the plasma membrane (PM). This study aimed to use immunofluorescence microscopy in human skeletal muscle to quantify GLUT4 redistribution from intracellular stores to the PM in response to glucose feeding and exercise. Percutaneous muscle biopsy samples were taken from the m. vastus lateralis of ten insulin-sensitive men in the basal state and following 30 min of cycling exercise (65% VO2 max). Muscle biopsy samples were also taken from a second cohort of ten age-, BMI- and VO2 max-matched insulin-sensitive men in the basal state and 30 and 60 min following glucose feeding (75 g glucose). GLUT4 and dystrophin colocalization, measured using the Pearson's correlation coefficient, was increased following 30 min of cycling exercise (baseline r = 0.47 ± 0.01; post exercise r = 0.58 ± 0.02; P < 0.001) and 30 min after glucose ingestion (baseline r = 0.42 ± 0.02; 30 min r = 0.46 ± 0.02; P < 0.05). Large and small GLUT4 clusters were partially depleted following 30 min cycling exercise, but not 30 min after glucose feeding. This study has, for the first time, used immunofluorescence microscopy in human skeletal muscle to quantify increases in GLUT4 and dystrophin colocalization and depletion of GLUT4 from large and smaller clusters as evidence of net GLUT4 translocation to the PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bradley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher S Shaw
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Claus Bendtsen
- Computational Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip L Worthington
- Computational Biology, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park Macclesfield, UK
| | - Oliver J Wilson
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Juliette A Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gareth A Wallis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alice M Turner
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East Birmingham, UK
| | - Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cocks M, Wagenmakers AJM. The effect of different training modes on skeletal muscle microvascular density and endothelial enzymes controlling NO availability. J Physiol 2015; 594:2245-57. [PMID: 25809076 DOI: 10.1113/jp270329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that a high vasodilator response of the skeletal muscle microvasculature to insulin and exercise is of critical importance for adequate muscle perfusion and long-term microvascular and muscle metabolic health. Previous research has shown that a sedentary lifestyle, obesity and ageing lead to impairments in the vasodilator response, while a physically active lifestyle keeps both microvascular density and vasodilator response high. To investigate the molecular mechanisms behind these impairments and the benefits of exercise training interventions, our laboratory has recently developed quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy methods to measure protein content of eNOS and NAD(P)Hoxidase specifically in the endothelial layer of capillaries and arterioles of human skeletal muscle. As eNOS produces nitric oxide (NO) and NAD(P)Hoxidase produces superoxide anions (O2 (-) , quenching NO) we propose that the eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio is a marker of vasodilator capacity. The novel methods show that endurance training (ET) and high intensity interval training (HIT), generally regarded as a time-efficient alternative to ET, increase eNOS protein content and the eNOS/NADP(H)oxidase protein ratio in previously sedentary lean and obese young men. Resistance exercise training had smaller but qualitatively similar effects. Western blot data of other laboratories suggest that endurance exercise training leads to similar changes in sedentary elderly men. Future research will be required to investigate the relative importance of other sources and tissues in the balance between NO and O2 (-) production seen by the vascular smooth muscle layer of terminal arterioles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wagenmakers AJM, Strauss JA, Shepherd SO, Keske MA, Cocks M. Increased muscle blood supply and transendothelial nutrient and insulin transport induced by food intake and exercise: effect of obesity and ageing. J Physiol 2015; 594:2207-22. [PMID: 25627798 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review concludes that a sedentary lifestyle, obesity and ageing impair the vasodilator response of the muscle microvasculature to insulin, exercise and VEGF-A and reduce microvascular density. Both impairments contribute to the development of insulin resistance, obesity and chronic age-related diseases. A physically active lifestyle keeps both the vasodilator response and microvascular density high. Intravital microscopy has shown that microvascular units (MVUs) are the smallest functional elements to adjust blood flow in response to physiological signals and metabolic demands on muscle fibres. The luminal diameter of a common terminal arteriole (TA) controls blood flow through up to 20 capillaries belonging to a single MVU. Increases in plasma insulin and exercise/muscle contraction lead to recruitment of additional MVUs. Insulin also increases arteriolar vasomotion. Both mechanisms increase the endothelial surface area and therefore transendothelial transport of glucose, fatty acids (FAs) and insulin by specific transporters, present in high concentrations in the capillary endothelium. Future studies should quantify transporter concentration differences between healthy and at risk populations as they may limit nutrient supply and oxidation in muscle and impair glucose and lipid homeostasis. An important recent discovery is that VEGF-B produced by skeletal muscle controls the expression of FA transporter proteins in the capillary endothelium and thus links endothelial FA uptake to the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, potentially preventing lipotoxic FA accumulation, the dominant cause of insulin resistance in muscle fibres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Juliette A Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|