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Yang K, Jia RY, Li XS, Lu SY, Liu JJ, Zhang ZP, Fang ZZ. Identification of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms involved in the metabolism of Chlorophenols (CPs). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142249. [PMID: 38705405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophenols (CPs) are a group of pollutants that pose a great threat to the environment, they are widely used in industrial and agricultural wastes, pesticides, herbicides, textiles, pharmaceuticals and plastics. Among CPs, pentachlorophenol was listed as one of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm convention. This study aims to identify the UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms involved in the metabolic elimination of CPs. CPs' mono-glucuronide was detected in the human liver microsomes (HLMs) incubation mixture with co-factor uridine-diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA). HLMs-catalyzed glucuronidation metabolism reaction equations followed Michaelis-Menten or substrate inhibition type. Recombinant enzymes and chemical reagents inhibition experiments were utilized to phenotype the main UGT isoforms involved in the glucuronidation of CPs. UGT1A6 might be the major enzyme in the glucuronidation of mono-chlorophenol isomer. UGT1A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B4 and UGT2B7 were the most important five UGT isoforms for metabolizing the di-chlorophenol and tri-chlorophenol isomers. UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 were the most important UGT isoforms in the catalysis of tetra-chlorophenol and pentachlorophenol isomers. Species differences were investigated using rat liver microsomes (RLMs), pig liver microsomes (PLMs), dog liver microsomes (DLMs), and monkey liver microsomes (MyLMs). All these results were helpful for elucidating the metabolic elimination and toxicity of CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruo-Yong Jia
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Song Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao-You Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Zhou L, Montalvo AD, Collins JM, Wang D. Quantitative analysis of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase transcriptome in human tissues. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01154. [PMID: 37983911 PMCID: PMC10659769 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase II drug metabolizing enzymes that play important roles in the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substrates. The 22 human UGTs belong to four families (UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8) and differ in their expression, substrate specificity, UDP-sugar preference, and physiological functions. Differential expression/activity of the UGTs contributes to interperson variability in drug responses and toxicity, hormone homeostasis, and disease/cancer risks. However, in normal tissues, the tissue-specific expression profiles and transcriptional regulation of the UGTs are still not fully understood. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome of 22 UGTs in 54 human tissues/regions using RNAseq data from GTEx. We then validated the findings in the liver and small intestine samples using real-time PCR. Our results showed large interindividual variability across tissues in the expression of each UGT and the overall composition of UGT pools, consisting of different UGTs and their splice isoforms. Our results also revealed coexpression of the UGTs, Cytochrome P450s, and many transcription factors in the liver, suggesting potential coregulation or functional coordination. Our results provide the groundwork for future studies to detail further the regulation of the expression and activity of the UGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Zhou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Center for PharmacogenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Abelardo D. Montalvo
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Center for PharmacogenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Joseph M. Collins
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Center for PharmacogenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Danxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Center for PharmacogenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Sampogna G, Caraci F, Carmassi C, Dell'Osso B, Ferrari S, Martinotti G, Sani G, Serafini G, Signorelli MS, Fiorillo A. Efficacy and tolerability of desvenlafaxine in the real-world treatment of patients with major depression: a narrative review and an expert opinion paper. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1511-1525. [PMID: 37450377 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2237410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common severe mental disorder, requiring a tailored and integrated treatment. Several approaches are available including different classes of antidepressants various psychotherapeutic approaches, and psychosocial interventions. The treatment plan for each patient with MDD should be differentiated on the basis of several clinical, personal, and contextual factors. AREAS COVERED Desvenlafaxine - a serotonine-noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressant - has been approved in the United States in 2008 for the treatment of MDD in adults, and has been recently rediscovered by clinicians due to its good side-effect profile and its clinical effectiveness. A narrative review on efficacy, tolerability and use of desvenlafaxine in clinical practice was carried out. The keywords: 'major depression', 'depression,' 'desvenlafaxine,' 'efficacy,' 'clinical efficacy,' 'side effects', 'tolerability,' 'elderly patients', 'consultation-liaison', 'menopausal', 'young people', 'adolescent' were entered in PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Medline. No time limit was fixed, the search strategy was implemented on May 10, 2023. EXPERT OPINION Desvenlafaxine should be listed among the optimal treatment strategies for managing people with MDD, whose main strengths are: 1) ease of dosing; 2) favorable safety and tolerability profile, 3) absence of sexual dysfunctions, weight gain and low rate of discontinuation symptoms; 4) low risk of drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | | | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento Ad attività Integrata di Salute Mentale E Dipendenze Patologiche, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal and Child Health, Psychiatry Section, University of Genoa, IRCCS, San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience Head, Neck and Thorax, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Gan C, Wang J, Wang Y, Martínez-Chávez A, Hillebrand M, de Vries N, Beukers J, Lebre MC, Wagenaar E, Rosing H, Klarenbeek S, Bleijerveld OB, Song JY, Altelaar M, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. Natural deletion of mouse carboxylesterases Ces1c/d/e impacts drug metabolism and metabolic syndrome development. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114956. [PMID: 37267638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterase 1 enzymes can hydrolyze many xenobiotic chemicals and endogenous lipids. We here identified and characterized a mouse strain (FVB/NKI) in which three of the eight Ces1 genes were spontaneously deleted, removing Ces1c and Ces1e partly, and Ces1d entirely. We studied the impact of this Ces1c/d/e deficiency on drug and lipid metabolism and homeostasis. Ces1c/d/e-/- mice showed strongly impaired conversion of the anticancer prodrug irinotecan to its active metabolite SN-38 in plasma, spleen and lung. Plasma hydrolysis of the oral anticancer prodrug capecitabine to 5-DFCR was also profoundly reduced in Ces1c/d/e-/- mice. Our findings resolved previously unexplained FVB/NKI pharmacokinetic anomalies. On a medium-fat diet, Ces1c/d/e-/- female mice exhibited moderately higher body weight, mild inflammation in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT), and increased lipid load in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Ces1c/d/e-/- males showed more pronounced inflammation in gWAT and an increased lipid load in BAT. On a 5-week high-fat diet exposure, Ces1c/d/e deficiency predisposed to developing obesity, enlarged and fatty liver, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, with severe inflammation in gWAT and increased lipid load in BAT. Hepatic proteomics analysis revealed that the acute phase response, involved in the dynamic cycle of immunometabolism, was activated in these Ces1c/d/e-/- mice. This may contribute to the obesity-related chronic inflammation and adverse metabolic disease in this strain. While Ces1c/d/e deficiency clearly exacerbated metabolic syndrome development, long-term (18-week) high-fat diet exposure overwhelmed many, albeit not all, observed phenotypic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpei Gan
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Yaogeng Wang
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandra Martínez-Chávez
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Hillebrand
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Niels de Vries
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Beukers
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Els Wagenaar
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Onno B Bleijerveld
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Experimental Animal Pathology Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, and Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands.
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Shi JH, Cheng N, Zhang W, Jin Q, Guo WZ, Ge GB, Zhang SJ, Line PD, Wang Y. Air-ventilated normothermic machine perfusion alleviates hepatic injury from DCD rat through CYP1A2. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19150. [PMID: 37654459 PMCID: PMC10465863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) could provide protection to organs from donation after circulatory death (DCD) before transplantation, and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study discovered that the air-ventilated NMP confers a better DCD liver recovery than oxygen-ventilated NMP. The purpose in the current study was to investigate the protective mechanism of air-ventilated NMP in a rat model of DCD liver by metabolomics, and to select biomarker to predict liver function recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-α (PPARα) agonist or antagonist was administered via the perfusion circuit in the air-ventilated NMP. Perfusate samples were taken for measurements of aminotransferases using standard biochemical methods, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Liver biopsies were allocated for detection of metabolomics, PPARα and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). RESULTS Metabolomics analysis revealed the significant increased γ-linolenic acid and decreased adrenic acid during the air-ventilated NMP, indicating linoleic acid metabolism pathway was associated with a better DCD liver recovery; as a major enzyme involved in linolenic acid metabolism, CYP1A2 was found correlated with a less inflammation and better liver function with the air-ventilated NMP; PPARα agonist could increase CYP1A2 expression and activity, decrease inflammation response, and improve liver function with the air-ventilated NMP, while PPARα antagonist played the opposite. CONCLUSION Air-ventilated NMP confers a better liver recovery from DCD rats through the activated linoleic acid metabolism and CYP1A2 upregulation; CYP1A2 expression and activity might function as biomarker to predict DCD liver function recovery with NMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation & Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for HPB Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation & Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for HPB Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation & Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for HPB Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200473, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation & Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for HPB Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200473, China
| | - Shui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation & Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for HPB Diseases and Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pål-Dag Line
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesia Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Protein Abundance of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Human Hepatitis C Livers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054543. [PMID: 36901973 PMCID: PMC10002520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), whose activity may be affected by liver diseases, are major determinants of drug pharmacokinetics. Hepatitis C liver samples in different functional states, i.e., the Child-Pugh class A (n = 30), B (n = 21) and C (n = 7) were analyzed for protein abundances (LC-MS/MS) and mRNA levels (qRT-PCR) of 9 CYPs and 4 UGTs enzymes. The protein levels of CYP1A1, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 were not affected by the disease. In the Child-Pugh class A livers, a significant up-regulation of UGT1A1 (to 163% of the controls) was observed. The Child-Pugh class B was associated with down-regulation of the protein abundance of CYP2C19 (to 38% of the controls), CYP2E1 (to 54%), CYP3A4 (to 33%), UGT1A3 (to 69%), and UGT2B7 (to 56%). In the Child-Pugh class C livers, CYP1A2 was found to be reduced (to 52%). A significant trend in down-regulation of the protein abundance was documented for CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, UGT2B7, and UGT2B15. The results of the study demonstrate that DMEs protein abundances in the liver are affected by hepatitis C virus infection and depend on the severity of the disease.
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Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines on Hepatic Metabolism in Primary Human Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314880. [PMID: 36499207 PMCID: PMC9740548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three decades of hepatocyte transplantation have confirmed such a cell-based approach as an adjunct or alternative treatment to solid organ transplantation. Donor cell survival and engraftment were indirectly measured by hepatospecific secretive or released metabolites, such as ammonia metabolism in urea cycle defects. In cases of sepsis or viral infection, ammonia levels can significantly and abruptly increase in these recipients, erroneously implying rejection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with viral or bacterial infections are known to affect many liver functions, including drug-metabolizing enzymes and hepatic transport activities. We examined the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary human hepatocytes, isolated from both normal donors or patients with metabolic liver diseases. Different measures of hepatocyte functions, including ammonia metabolism and phase 1-3 metabolism, were performed. All the hepatic functions were profoundly and significantly suppressed after exposure to concentrations of from 0.1 to 10 ng/mL of different inflammatory cytokines, alone and in combination. Our data indicate that, like phase I metabolism, suppression of phase II/III and ammonia metabolism occurs in hepatocytes exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines in the absence of cell death. Such inflammatory events do not necessarily indicate a rejection response or loss of the cell graft, and these systemic inflammatory signals should be carefully considered when the immunosuppressant regiment is reduced or relieved in a hepatocyte transplantation recipient in response to such alleged rejection.
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Ostroumova OD, Pereverzev AP. Hepatic impairment as a risk factor of adverse drug reactions. CONSILIUM MEDICUM 2021. [DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.12.201234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a lot of clinical variants of hepatic impairment ranging from asymptomatic increase in transaminases to acute liver failure and fulminant hepatitis. Hepatic impairment is a polietiologic syndrome. According to the epidemiological study conducted in the United States (19982008), the main causes of hepatic impairment were paracetamol overdose (46%), idiopathic liver dysfunction (14%), other drugs (excluding paracetamol, 11%), viral hepatitis B (7%), other infectious and non-infectious diseases with liver damage (except for viral hepatitis) 7%, autoimmune hepatitis (5%), ischemic hepatitis (syn. hypoxic hepatitis, liver infarction) 4%, viral hepatitis A (3%) and Wilson's disease (2%). Hepatic impairment have a direct impact on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs decreasing clearance, elimination and excretion of drugs. Also Transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunts, which are often used to treat portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis, can significantly reduce the presystemic elimination of drugs, thereby increasing their absorption. Moreover, in patients with liver cirrhosis, concomitant renal dysfunction also requires an adjustment of the dose of drugs. Correction of pharmacotherapy in accordance to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of drugs ingested by patients with impaired liver function will improve the quality of medical care and reduce the risks of adverse drug reactions.
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Yuan L, Zhang L, Yao N, Wu L, Liu J, Liu F, Zhang H, Hu X, Xiong Y, Xia C. Upregulation of UGT1A1 expression by ursolic acid and oleanolic acid via the inhibition of the PKC/NF-κB signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153726. [PMID: 34536821 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isomeric ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) compounds have recently garnered great attention due to their biological effects. Previously, it had been shown that UA and OA can exert important pharmacological action via the protein kinase C (PKC) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, and that they can induce the expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) in HepG2 cells. This study aims to investigate the role of PKC/NF-κB signaling in regulating the expression of UGT1A1 and examine how UA and OA induce UGT1A1 based on this signaling pathway. METHODS HepG2 cells, hp65-overexpressed HepG2 cell and lentivirus-hp65-shRNA silenced HepG2 cells were stimulated with PKC/NF-κB specific agonists and inhibitors for 24 h in the presence or absence of UA and OA. The expression of UGT1A1, PKC, and NF-κB were determined by qRT-PCR, western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. RESULTS PKC/NF-κB activation downregulates UGT1A1 expression. This effect is countered by UA and OA treatment. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the agonists of PKC and NF-κB signaling, respectively, significantly inhibit hp65-mediated UGT1A1 luciferase activity. UA, OA, and the PKC/NF-κB inhibitors suppress this effect. PMA and LPS do not affect UGT1A1 activity in p65-silenced HepG2 cells; however, UA and OA mildly influence UGT1A1 expression in these cells. CONCLUSION The activation of PKC/NF-κB signaling can significantly downregulate UGT1A1 expression. By inhibiting the PKC/NF-κB signaling pathway, UA and OA promote UGT1A1 expression in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lingming Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Na Yao
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lingna Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Gene Expression and Protein Abundance of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Liver Pathology. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091334. [PMID: 34575411 PMCID: PMC8471929 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) markedly affect drug pharmacokinetics. Because liver diseases may alter enzymatic function and in turn drug handling and clinical efficacy, we investigated DMEs expression in dependence on liver pathology and liver failure state. In 5 liver pathologies (hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis) and for the first time stratified according to the Child–Pugh score, 10 CYPs (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) and 4 UGTs (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT2B7 and UGT2B) enzymes were quantified for protein abundance (LC-MS/MS) and gene expression (qRT-PCR). CYP2E1 was the most vulnerable enzyme, and its protein levels were significantly reduced just in Child–Pugh class A livers. The protein abundance of CYP1A1, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 as well as UGT1A1, UGT1A3 and UGT2B15 was relatively stable in the course of progression of liver function deterioration. Alcoholic liver disease and primary biliary cholangitis were involved in the most prominent changes in the protein abundances, with downregulation of 6 (CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, UGT2B7) and 5 (CYP1A1, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2E1, CYP3A4) significantly downregulated enzymes, respectively. The results of the study demonstrate that DMEs protein abundance is affected both by the type of liver pathology as well as functional state of the organ.
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Omura K, Motoki K, Kobashi S, Miyata K, Yamano K, Iwanaga T. Identification of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and sulfotransferase as responsible for the metabolism of dotinurad, a novel selective urate reabsorption inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:1016-1024. [PMID: 34380635 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dotinurad, a novel selective urate reabsorption inhibitor, is used to treat hyperuricemia. In humans, orally administered dotinurad is excreted mainly as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates in urine. To identify the isoforms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and sulfotransferase (SULT) involved in dotinurad glucuronidation and sulfation, microsome and cytosol fractions of liver, intestine, kidney, and lung tissues (cytosol only) were analyzed along with recombinant human UGT and SULT isoforms. Dotinurad was mainly metabolized to its glucuronide conjugate by human liver microsomes (HLMs), and the glucuronidation followed the two-enzyme Michaelis-Menten equation. Among the recombinant human UGT isoforms expressed in the liver, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 catalyzed dotinurad glucuronidation. Based on inhibition analysis using HLMs, bilirubin, imipramine, and diflunisal decreased glucuronosyltransferase activities by 45.5, 22.3, and 22.2%, respectively. Diflunisal and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, in the presence of 1% BSA, decreased glucuronosyltransferase activities by 21.1 and 13.4%, respectively. Dotinurad was metabolized to its sulfate conjugate by human liver cytosol (HLC) and human intestinal cytosol (HIC) samples, with the sulfation reaction in HLC samples following the two-enzyme Michaelis-Menten equation and that in HIC samples following the Michaelis-Menten equation. All eight recombinant human SULT isoforms used herein catalyzed dotinurad sulfation. Gavestinel decreased sulfotransferase activity by 15.3% in HLC samples, and salbutamol decreased sulfotransferase activity by 68.4% in HIC samples. These results suggest that dotinurad glucuronidation is catalyzed mainly by UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7, whereas its sulfation is catalyzed by many SULT isoforms, including SULT1B1 and SULT1A3. Significance Statement The identification of enzymes involved in drug metabolism is important to predicting drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and interindividual variability for safe drug use. The present study revealed that dotinurad glucuronidation is catalyzed mainly by UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 and that its sulfation is catalyzed by many SULT isoforms, including SULT1B1 and SULT1A3. Therefore, dotinurad, a selective urate reabsorption inhibitor, is considered safe for use with a small risk of DDIs and low interindividual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Omura
- Research Institute, FUJI YAKUHIN CO., LTD., Japan
| | | | | | - Kengo Miyata
- Research Institute, FUJI YAKUHIN CO., LTD., Japan
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12
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Hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in Wilson's disease patients with liver failure. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1427-1438. [PMID: 34117631 PMCID: PMC8460590 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Wilson’s disease is a genetic disorder inherited in a recessive manner, caused by mutations in the copper-transporter ATP7B. Although it is a well-known disease, currently available treatments are far from satisfactory and their efficacy varies in individual patients. Due to the lack of information about drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters profile in Wilson’s disease livers, we aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression and protein abundance of selected enzymes and drug transporters in this liver disorder. Methods We analyzed gene expression (qPCR) and protein abundance (LC–MS/MS) of 14 drug-metabolizing enzymes and 16 drug transporters in hepatic tissue from Wilson’s disease patients with liver failure (n = 7, Child–Pugh class B and C) and metastatic control livers (n = 20). Results In presented work, we demonstrated a downregulation of majority of CYP450 and UGT enzymes. Gene expression of analyzed enzymes ranged between 18 and 65% compared to control group and significantly lower protein content of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 enzymes was observed in Wilson’s disease. Moreover, a general decrease in hepatocellular uptake carriers from SLC superfamily (significant at protein level for NTCP and OATP2B1) was observed. As for ABC transporters, the protein abundance of BSEP and MRP2 was significantly lower, while levels of P-gp and MRP4 transporters were significantly higher in Wilson’s disease. Conclusions Altered hepatic expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in Wilson’s disease patients with liver failure may result in changes of drug pharmacokinetics in that group of patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-021-00290-8.
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13
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs-Influence of Smoking Behavior and Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060514. [PMID: 34071813 PMCID: PMC8230242 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammation and smoking can influence a drug’s pharmacokinetic properties, i.e., its liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Depending on, e.g., pharmacogenetics, these changes may alter treatment response or cause serious adverse drug reactions and are thus of clinical relevance. Antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, should be closely monitored due to multiple factors (e.g., the narrow therapeutic window of certain psychotropic drugs, the chronicity of most mental illnesses, and the common occurrence of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatry). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aids with drug titration by enabling the quantification of patients’ drug levels. Recommendations on the use of TDM during treatment with psychotropic drugs are presented in the Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology; however, data on antipsychotic drug levels during inflammation or after changes in smoking behavior—both clinically relevant in psychiatry—that can aid clinical decision making are sparse. The following narrative review provides an overview of relevant literature regarding TDM in psychiatry, particularly in the context of second- and third-generation antipsychotic drugs, inflammation, and smoking behavior. It aims to spread awareness regarding TDM (most pronouncedly of clozapine and olanzapine) as a tool to optimize drug safety and provide patient-tailored treatment.
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14
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs—Influence of Smoking Behavior and Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ph14060514
expr 938544256 + 801362328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammation and smoking can influence a drug’s pharmacokinetic properties, i.e., its liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Depending on, e.g., pharmacogenetics, these changes may alter treatment response or cause serious adverse drug reactions and are thus of clinical relevance. Antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, should be closely monitored due to multiple factors (e.g., the narrow therapeutic window of certain psychotropic drugs, the chronicity of most mental illnesses, and the common occurrence of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatry). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aids with drug titration by enabling the quantification of patients’ drug levels. Recommendations on the use of TDM during treatment with psychotropic drugs are presented in the Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology; however, data on antipsychotic drug levels during inflammation or after changes in smoking behavior—both clinically relevant in psychiatry—that can aid clinical decision making are sparse. The following narrative review provides an overview of relevant literature regarding TDM in psychiatry, particularly in the context of second- and third-generation antipsychotic drugs, inflammation, and smoking behavior. It aims to spread awareness regarding TDM (most pronouncedly of clozapine and olanzapine) as a tool to optimize drug safety and provide patient-tailored treatment.
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15
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Moschny N, Hefner G, Grohmann R, Eckermann G, Maier HB, Seifert J, Heck J, Francis F, Bleich S, Toto S, Meissner C. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs-Influence of Smoking Behavior and Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:514. [PMID: 34071813 PMCID: PMC8230242 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060514&set/a 947965394+957477086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammation and smoking can influence a drug's pharmacokinetic properties, i.e., its liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Depending on, e.g., pharmacogenetics, these changes may alter treatment response or cause serious adverse drug reactions and are thus of clinical relevance. Antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, should be closely monitored due to multiple factors (e.g., the narrow therapeutic window of certain psychotropic drugs, the chronicity of most mental illnesses, and the common occurrence of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatry). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aids with drug titration by enabling the quantification of patients' drug levels. Recommendations on the use of TDM during treatment with psychotropic drugs are presented in the Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology; however, data on antipsychotic drug levels during inflammation or after changes in smoking behavior-both clinically relevant in psychiatry-that can aid clinical decision making are sparse. The following narrative review provides an overview of relevant literature regarding TDM in psychiatry, particularly in the context of second- and third-generation antipsychotic drugs, inflammation, and smoking behavior. It aims to spread awareness regarding TDM (most pronouncedly of clozapine and olanzapine) as a tool to optimize drug safety and provide patient-tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Moschny
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-3656
| | - Gudrun Hefner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vitos Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry, Kloster-Eberbach-Str. 4, 65346 Eltville, Germany;
| | - Renate Grohmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaum-Str. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabriel Eckermann
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hospital Kaufbeuren, Kemnater-Str. 16, 87600 Kaufbeuren, Germany;
| | - Hannah B Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Johanna Seifert
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Johannes Heck
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Flverly Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Sermin Toto
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Catharina Meissner
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
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16
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Zhou J, Argikar UA, Miners JO. Enzyme Kinetics of Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2342:301-338. [PMID: 34272700 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1554-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronidation, catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), is an important process for the metabolism and clearance of many lipophilic chemicals, including drugs, environmental chemicals, and endogenous compounds. Glucuronidation is a bisubstrate reaction that requires the aglycone and the cofactor, UDP-GlcUA. Accumulating evidence suggests that the bisubstrate reaction follows a compulsory-order ternary mechanism. To simplify the kinetic modeling of glucuronidation reactions in vitro, UDP-GlcUA is usually added to incubations in large excess. Many factors have been shown to influence UGT activity and kinetics in vitro, and these must be accounted for during experimental design and data interpretation. While the assessment of drug-drug interactions resulting from UGT inhibition has been challenging in the past, the increasing availability of UGT enzyme-selective substrate and inhibitor "probes" provides the prospect for more reliable reaction phenotyping and assessment of drug-drug interaction potential. Although extrapolation of the in vitro intrinsic clearance of a glucuronidated drug often underpredicts in vivo clearance, careful selection of in vitro experimental conditions and inclusion of extrahepatic glucuronidation may improve the predictivity of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has also shown to be of value for predicting PK of drugs eliminated by glucuronidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John O Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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17
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Ma J, Shen F, Chen L, Wu H, Huang Y, Fan Z, Hou R, Yue B, Zhang X. Gene expression profiles during postnatal development of the liver and pancreas in giant pandas. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15705-15729. [PMID: 32805731 PMCID: PMC7467380 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Giant pandas are unique Carnivora with a strict bamboo diet. To investigate the molecular mechanism of giant panda nutrient metabolism from newborn to adult, the gene expression profiles of giant panda liver and pancreas tissues collected from three important feeding stages were investigated using RNA-seq. We found a total of 3,211 hepatic and 3,343 pancreatic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from three comparisons between suckling and no feeding, adult and no feeding, and adult and suckling groups. Few differences in gene-expression profiles were exhibited between no feeding and suckling groups in both tissues. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to further understand the biological functions of the DEGs. In both the liver and pancreas, genes related mainly to cell cycle processes were highly up-regulated in newborn samples whereas genes related to metabolism and immunity were up-regulated in adult giant pandas. The high expression of metabolism-related genes in adult samples probably helps to fulfill the metabolic function requirements of the liver and pancreas. In contrast, several vital genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and protein digestion and absorption were over-expressed in newborn samples. This may indicate the importance of cholesterol metabolism and protein digestion and absorption processes in giant panda infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fujun Shen
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Honglin Wu
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, Sichuan 623006, China
| | - Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, Sichuan 623006, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rong Hou
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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18
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Stanke-Labesque F, Gautier-Veyret E, Chhun S, Guilhaumou R. Inflammation is a major regulator of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters: Consequences for the personalization of drug treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107627. [PMID: 32659304 PMCID: PMC7351663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an evolutionary process that allows survival against acute infection or injury. Inflammation is also a pathophysiological condition shared by numerous chronic diseases. In addition, inflammation modulates important drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs), thus contributing to intra- and interindividual variability of drug exposure. A better knowledge of the impact of inflammation on drug metabolism and its related clinical consequences would help to personalize drug treatment. Here, we summarize the kinetics of inflammatory mediators and the underlying transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms by which they contribute to the inhibition of important DMETs. We also present an updated overview of the effect of inflammation on the pharmacokinetic parameters of most of the drugs that are DMET substrates, for which therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended. Furthermore, we provide opinions on how to integrate the inflammatory status into pharmacogenetics, therapeutic drug monitoring, and population pharmacokinetic strategies to improve the personalization of drug treatment for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Stanke-Labesque
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble 38000, France; Laboratory of Pharmacology-Pharmacogenetics-Toxicology, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, France.
| | - Elodie Gautier-Veyret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble 38000, France; Laboratory of Pharmacology-Pharmacogenetics-Toxicology, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Stephanie Chhun
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France; AP-HP, Paris Centre, Laboratory of Immunology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Romain Guilhaumou
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, AP-HM, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
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19
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Liu Y, Badée J, Takahashi RH, Schmidt S, Parrott N, Fowler S, Mackenzie PI, Coughtrie MWH, Collier AC. Coexpression of Human Hepatic Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronosyltransferase Proteins: Implications for Ontogenetic Mechanisms and Isoform Coregulation. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 60:722-733. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuejian Liu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Justine Badée
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research–Translational Medicine PK Sciences–Modeling & Simulation PBPK Novartis Campus Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Schmidt
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutics Lake Nona (Orlando)University of Florida Orlando Florida USA
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical SciencesRoche Pharma Research and Early DevelopmentRoche Innovation Centre Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Stephen Fowler
- Pharmaceutical SciencesRoche Pharma Research and Early DevelopmentRoche Innovation Centre Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Peter I. Mackenzie
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyFlinders University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Michael W. H. Coughtrie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Abby C. Collier
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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20
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Emoto C, Hahn D, Euteneuer JC, Mizuno T, Vinks AA, Fukuda T. Next Challenge From the Variance in Individual Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model-Predicted to Observed Morphine Concentration in Critically Ill Neonates. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 107:319-320. [PMID: 31513716 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Emoto
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Hahn
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua C Euteneuer
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Mizuno
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander A Vinks
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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21
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Li J, Olaleye OE, Yu X, Jia W, Yang J, Lu C, Liu S, Yu J, Duan X, Wang Y, Dong K, He R, Cheng C, Li C. High degree of pharmacokinetic compatibility exists between the five-herb medicine XueBiJing and antibiotics comedicated in sepsis care. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1035-1049. [PMID: 31649852 PMCID: PMC6804443 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing the dysregulated host response to infection remains a major challenge in sepsis care. Chinese treatment guideline recommends adding XueBiJing, a five-herb medicine, to antibiotic-based sepsis care. Although adding XueBiJing further reduced 28-day mortality via modulating the host response, pharmacokinetic herb–drug interaction is a widely recognized issue that needs to be studied. Building on our earlier systematic chemical and human pharmacokinetic investigations of XueBiJing, we evaluated the degree of pharmacokinetic compatibility for XueBiJing/antibiotic combination based on mechanistic evidence of interaction risk. Considering both XueBiJing‒antibiotic and antibiotic‒XueBiJing interaction potential, we integrated informatics-based approach with experimental approach and developed a compound pair-based method for data processing. To reflect clinical reality, we selected for study XueBiJing compounds bioavailable for drug interactions and 45 antibiotics commonly used in sepsis care in China. Based on the data of interacting with drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, no XueBiJing compound could pair, as perpetrator, with the antibiotics. Although some antibiotics could, due to their inhibition of uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 2B15, organic anion transporters 1/2 and/or organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3, pair with senkyunolide I, tanshinol and salvianolic acid B, the potential interactions (resulting in increased exposure) are likely desirable due to these XueBiJing compounds' low baseline exposure levels. Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by 7 antibiotics probably results in undesirable reduction of exposure to protocatechuic acid from XueBiJing. Collectively, XueBiJing/antibiotic combination exhibited a high degree of pharmacokinetic compatibility at clinically relevant doses. The methodology developed can be applied to investigate other drug combinations.
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Key Words
- 4-MU, 4-methylumbelliferone
- 4-MUG, 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucuronide
- ABC transporter, ATP-binding cassette transporter
- ADR, adverse drug reaction
- ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AQ, amodiaquine
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Antibiotic
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- CLR, renal clearance
- CLtot,p, total plasma clearance
- COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- Combination drug therapy
- DDI, drug‒drug interaction
- DEAQ, desethylamodiaquine
- E2, β-estradiol
- E217βG, estradiol-17β-d-glucuronide
- E23βG, β-estradiol-3-β-d-glucuronide
- GF, glomerular filtration
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- HEK-293, human embryonic kidney 293 cell line
- Herb‒drug interaction
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration
- Km, Michaelis constant
- MATE, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein
- MDR1, multidrug resistance transporter 1
- MRP, multidrug resistance protein
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- OAT, organic anion transporter
- OATP, organic anion-transporting polypeptide
- OCT, organic cation transporter
- PAH, para-aminohippuric acid
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PKC, pharmacokinetic compatibility
- Pharmacokinetic compatibility
- SLC transporter, solute carrier transporter
- Sepsis
- TEA, tetraethylammonium
- TFP, trifluoperazine
- TFPG, trifluoperazine-N-β-d-glucuronide
- TS, tubular secretion
- UGT, uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases
- VSS, apparent volume of distribution at steady state
- XueBiJing
- fe-U, fraction of dose excreted unchanged into urine
- fu-p, unbound fraction in plasma
- t1/2, elimination half-life
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Meech R, Hu DG, McKinnon RA, Mubarokah SN, Haines AZ, Nair PC, Rowland A, Mackenzie PI. The UDP-Glycosyltransferase (UGT) Superfamily: New Members, New Functions, and Novel Paradigms. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1153-1222. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the covalent addition of sugars to a broad range of lipophilic molecules. This biotransformation plays a critical role in elimination of a broad range of exogenous chemicals and by-products of endogenous metabolism, and also controls the levels and distribution of many endogenous signaling molecules. In mammals, the superfamily comprises four families: UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8. UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes have important roles in pharmacology and toxicology including contributing to interindividual differences in drug disposition as well as to cancer risk. These UGTs are highly expressed in organs of detoxification (e.g., liver, kidney, intestine) and can be induced by pathways that sense demand for detoxification and for modulation of endobiotic signaling molecules. The functions of the UGT3 and UGT8 family enzymes have only been characterized relatively recently; these enzymes show different UDP-sugar preferences to that of UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes, and to date, their contributions to drug metabolism appear to be relatively minor. This review summarizes and provides critical analysis of the current state of research into all four families of UGT enzymes. Key areas discussed include the roles of UGTs in drug metabolism, cancer risk, and regulation of signaling, as well as the transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of UGT expression and function. The latter part of this review provides an in-depth analysis of the known and predicted functions of UGT3 and UGT8 enzymes, focused on their likely roles in modulation of levels of endogenous signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dong Gui Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siti Nurul Mubarokah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alex Z. Haines
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pramod C. Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter I. Mackenzie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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23
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Jones S, Yarbrough AL, Shoeib A, Bush JM, Fantegrossi WE, Prather PL, Radominska-Pandya A, Fujiwara R. Enzymatic analysis of glucuronidation of synthetic cannabinoid 1-naphthyl 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (FDU-PB-22). Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1388-1395. [PMID: 30739533 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1580403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a rise in abuse of synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs). The consumption of SCBs results in various effects and can induce toxic reactions, including paranoia, seizures, tachycardia and even death. 1-Naphthyl 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (FDU-PB-22) is a third generation SCB whose metabolic pathway has not been fully characterized. In this study, we conducted in vitro pharmacokinetic analysis of FDU-PB-22 metabolism. Metabolic reactions containing FDU-PB-22 and human liver microsomes (HLMs) were independent of NADPH but not UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA), suggesting that UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are the primary enzymes involved in this metabolism. It was further determined that the metabolite extensively formed after incubating FDU-PB-22 with UDPGA in HLMs was the glucuronide of FDU-PB-22 3-carboxyindole (FBI-COOH). Various hepatic UGTs showed enzymatic activity for FBI-COOH. A series of UGT inhibitors showed moderate to strong inhibition of FBI-COOH-glucuronidation in HLMs, suggesting that multiple UGT isoforms are involved in FBI-COOH-glucuronidation in the liver. Interestingly, an extra-hepatic isoform, UGT1A10, exhibited the highest activity with a Km value of 38 µM and a Vmax value of 5.90 nmol/min/mg. Collectively, these results suggest that both genetic mutations of and the co-administration of inhibitors for FDU-PB-22-metabolizing UGTs will likely increase the risk of FDU-PB-22-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.,Department of Physics and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas Fay etteville , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - Azure L Yarbrough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.,Department of Biology, University of Arkansas Little Rock , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Amal Shoeib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - John M Bush
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas Little Rock , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - William E Fantegrossi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Paul L Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Anna Radominska-Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Ryoichi Fujiwara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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24
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Märtson AG, Veringa A, Bakker M, van den Heuvel ER, Touw DJ, van der Werf TS, Span LFR, C Alffenaar JW. Posaconazole trough concentrations are not influenced by inflammation: A prospective study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:325-329. [PMID: 30639628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation, several cytochrome P450 enzymes are downregulated. Recently it was shown that voriconazole metabolism is reduced during inflammation. Posaconazole, another triazole with broad-spectrum antifungal activity, is metabolised only to a limited extent by cytochrome P450 enzymes and to a wider extent by phase 2 enzyme systems. The aim of this study was to investigate posaconazole concentrations during inflammation. Patients aged ≥18 years receiving posaconazole prophylaxis or treatment for fungal infections were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Samples for posaconazole and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were collected routinely for each patient. Longitudinal data analysis was performed to analyse the correlation between posaconazole serum trough concentrations and CRP values, corrected for potential factors that could influence the posaconazole concentration. Between August 2015 and June 2017, 64 patients were recruited to this study. Data for 55 patients (511 posaconazole samples) were included in the final analysis. The overall median posaconazole concentration was 1.8 mg/L [interquartile range (IQR) 1-2.9 mg/L, range 0.1-7.94 mg/L] and the overall median CRP concentration was 23.5 mg/L (IQR 5-75 mg/L, range 0-457 mg/L). Longitudinal data analysis showed that only the posaconazole daily dose (in mg/kg body weight) had a significant influence on posaconazole concentration after correction for other factors (P < 0.0001). Posaconazole concentrations were not influenced by CRP concentrations (P = 0.77). Posaconazole concentrations are not influenced by inflammation, reflected by CRP concentration. Therefore, more frequent therapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole during inflammation or after an infection subsides is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Grete Märtson
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anette Veringa
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Bakker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin R van den Heuvel
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Daan J Touw
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjip S van der Werf
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambert F R Span
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem C Alffenaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
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25
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Zhang MF, Liu YX, Jiang KY, Niu HM, Jiang JL, Dong ST, Wang X, Wang DF, Meng SN. Alteration of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1a1, 1a7 and P-glycoprotein expression in hepatic fibrosis rats and the impact on pharmacokinetics of puerarin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:264-271. [PMID: 30599907 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerarin, derived from a traditional Chinese herb Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi which was distributed globally and planted in most parts of China, has been extensively applied in patients with cardiovascular diseases in China. Yet a considerable proportion of the patients were accompanied with liver illnesses simultaneously because of all sorts of reasons. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE It had been implied by some previous research that the absorption and the metabolism of puerarin were susceptible to liver issues due to changed P-gp and Ugt1a level, but pharmacokinetics of puerarin under such conditions were few concerned. Our study aimed to make sure whether and how much the behavior of puerarin in vivo was affected by hepatic diseases, and to explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS A CCl4 induced rat model of hepatic fibrosis (HF) was prepared and verified. Single low/high doses of oral and intravenous administration of puerarin to HF and normal rats were performed. Pharmacokinetics of puerarin were determined by a validated HPLC method. The expression of P-gp, Ugt1a1, and Ugt1a7 in both liver and intestines were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis respectively. RESULTS The systemic exposure of puerarin in HF rats of experimental groups were found decreased remarkably except for that of the high dose intravenous group. Moreover, the expression of P-gp, Ugt1a1, and Ugt1a7 in liver and intestines of HF rats were figured out increased. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the HF originated overexpression of Ugt1a1, Ugt1a7, and P-gp level played important roles in pharmacokinetics of puerarin, suggested the clinical regimen of puerarin based on normal populations might be inappropriate for patients with chronic liver diseases. It was implied drugs whose absorption or elimination were related to P-gp, Ugt1a1, or Ugt1a7 might also be affected by hepatic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kun-Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui-Min Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Song-Tao Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Di-Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Sheng-Nan Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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26
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Hu DG, Marri S, McKinnon RA, Mackenzie PI, Meech R. Deregulation of the Genes that Are Involved in Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:363-381. [PMID: 30578287 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) are called ADME genes. Currently, 298 genes that encode phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and modifiers are designated as ADME genes by the PharmaADME Consortium. ADME genes are highly expressed in the liver and their levels can be influenced by liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we obtained RNA-sequencing and microRNA (miRNA)-sequencing data from 371 HCC patients via The Cancer Genome Atlas liver hepatocellular carcinoma project and performed ADME gene-targeted differential gene expression analysis and expression correlation analysis. Two hundred thirty-three of the 298 ADME genes (78%) were expressed in HCC. Of these genes, almost one-quarter (58 genes) were significantly downregulated, while only 6% (15) were upregulated in HCC relative to healthy liver. Moreover, one-half (14/28) of the core ADME genes (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, NAT1, NAT2, UGT2B7, SLC22A1, SLCO1B1, and SLCO1B3) were downregulated. In addition, about one-half of the core ADME genes were positively correlated with each other and were also positively (AHR, ARNT, HNF4A, PXR, CAR, PPARA, and RXRA) or negatively (PPARD and PPARG) correlated with transcription factors known as ADME modifiers. Finally, we show that most miRNAs known to regulate core ADME genes are upregulated in HCC. Collectively, these data reveal 1) an extensive transcription factor-mediated ADME coexpression network in the liver that efficiently coordinates the metabolism and elimination of endogenous and exogenous compounds; and 2) a widespread deregulation of this network in HCC, most likely due to deregulation of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional (miRNA) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gui Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer (D.G.H., R.A.M., P.I.M., R.M.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (S.M.), Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shashikanth Marri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer (D.G.H., R.A.M., P.I.M., R.M.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (S.M.), Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer (D.G.H., R.A.M., P.I.M., R.M.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (S.M.), Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter I Mackenzie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer (D.G.H., R.A.M., P.I.M., R.M.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (S.M.), Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer (D.G.H., R.A.M., P.I.M., R.M.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (S.M.), Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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27
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Prasad B, Bhatt DK, Johnson K, Chapa R, Chu X, Salphati L, Xiao G, Lee C, Hop CECA, Mathias A, Lai Y, Liao M, Humphreys WG, Kumer SC, Unadkat JD. Abundance of Phase 1 and 2 Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Alcoholic and Hepatitis C Cirrhotic Livers: A Quantitative Targeted Proteomics Study. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:943-952. [PMID: 29695616 PMCID: PMC5987995 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To predict the impact of liver cirrhosis on hepatic drug clearance using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, we compared the protein abundance of various phase 1 and phase 2 drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in S9 fractions of alcoholic (n = 27) or hepatitis C (HCV, n = 30) cirrhotic versus noncirrhotic (control) livers (n = 25). The S9 total protein content was significantly lower in alcoholic or HCV cirrhotic versus control livers (i.e., 38.3 ± 8.3, 32.3 ± 12.8, vs. 51.1 ± 20.7 mg/g liver, respectively). In general, alcoholic cirrhosis was associated with a larger decrease in the DME abundance than HCV cirrhosis; however, only the abundance of UGT1A4, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)1A, and ADH1B was significantly lower in alcoholic versus HCV cirrhotic livers. When normalized to per gram of tissue, the abundance of nine DMEs (UGT1A6, UGT1A4, CYP3A4, UGT2B7, CYP1A2, ADH1A, ADH1B, aldehyde oxidase (AOX)1, and carboxylesterase (CES)1) in alcoholic cirrhosis and five DMEs (UGT1A6, UGT1A4, CYP3A4, UGT2B7, and CYP1A2) in HCV cirrhosis was <25% of that in control livers. The abundance of most DMEs in cirrhotic livers was 25% to 50% of control livers. CES2 abundance was not affected by cirrhosis. Integration of UGT2B7 abundance in cirrhotic livers into the liver cirrhosis (Child Pugh C) model of Simcyp improved the prediction of zidovudine and morphine PK in subjects with Child Pugh C liver cirrhosis. These data demonstrate that protein abundance data, combined with PBPK modeling and simulation, can be a powerful tool to predict drug disposition in special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat Prasad
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Deepak Kumar Bhatt
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Katherine Johnson
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Revathi Chapa
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Laurent Salphati
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Guangqing Xiao
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Caroline Lee
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Anita Mathias
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Yurong Lai
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Mingxiang Liao
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - William G Humphreys
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Sean C Kumer
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
| | - Jashvant D Unadkat
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (B.P., D.K.B., K.J., R.C., J.D.U.); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C.); Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (A.S.R., A.M.); Genentech, South San Francisco, California (L.S., C.E.C.A.H.); Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.X.); Ardea Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California (C.L.); Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey (Y.L., W.H.); Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts (M.L.); and University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (S.C.K.)
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Almansour M, Alarifi S, Jarrar B. In vivo investigation on the chronic hepatotoxicity induced by intraperitoneal administration of 10-nm silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2685-2696. [PMID: 29765215 PMCID: PMC5944457 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s162847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silicon dioxide (silica) nanoparticles (SDNPs) are widely used in nanotechnology and medicine, but these nanomaterials may carry a high risk for human health while little is known about their toxicity. Methods We investigated the alterations in morphometry, biochemistry, hematology, histology of liver tissue and gene expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes induced by 10-nm SDNPs. Healthy male Wistar albino rats were exposed to 20, 35 and 50 repeated injections of SDNPs (2 mg/kg body weight). Whole blood, serum and plasma samples were used for hematological and biochemical analyses, whereas liver biopsies were processed for histopathological and gene expression alterations. Results In comparison with control rats, exposure to SDNPs lowered the body weight gain and liver index and increased the counts of white blood cells and platelets, but lowered the platelet larger cell ratio and plateletcrit. Levels of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, low-density lipids, procalcitonin, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, as well as potassium, phosphorus and iron concentrations, were increased. Histopathology revealed that SDNPs could induce hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, hyperplasia of Kupffer cells, karyopyknosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver. SDNPs reduced the expression of 12 genes of drug-metabolizing enzymes significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that SDNPs could cause alterations in morphometry, biochemistry, hematology, liver tissues and the expression of drug-metabolizing enzyme genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Almansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashir Jarrar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
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Rolle A, Paredes S, Cortínez LI, Anderson BJ, Quezada N, Solari S, Allende F, Torres J, Cabrera D, Contreras V, Carmona J, Ramírez C, Oliveros AM, Ibacache M. Dexmedetomidine metabolic clearance is not affected by fat mass in obese patients. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:969-977. [PMID: 29661414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been associated with reduced dexmedetomidine clearance, suggesting impaired hepatic function or reduced hepatic blood flow. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of obesity in dexmedetomidine metabolic clearance. METHODS Forty patients, ASA I-III, 18-60 yr old, weighing 47-126 kg, scheduled for abdominal laparoscopic surgery, were enrolled. Anaesthetic agents (propofol, remifentanil, and dexmedetomidine) were dosed based on lean body weight measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Serial venous samples were drawn during and after dexmedetomidine infusion. A pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken using non-linear mixed-effect models. In the modelling approach, the total body weight, lean body weight, and adjusted body weight were first tested as size descriptors for volumes and clearances. Hepatic blood flow, liver histopathology, liver enzymes, and gene expression of metabolic enzymes (UGT2B10 and UGT1A4) were tested as covariates of dexmedetomidine metabolic clearance. A decrease in NONMEM objective function value (ΔOFV) of 3.84 points, for an added parameter, was considered significant at the 0.05 level. RESULTS A total of 637 dexmedetomidine serum samples were obtained. A two-compartmental model scaled to measured lean weight adequately described the dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics. Liver blood flow was a covariate for dexmedetomidine clearance (ΔOFV=-5.878). Other factors, including fat mass, histopathological damage, and differential expression of enzymes, did not affect the dexmedetomidine clearance in the population studied (ΔOFV<3.84). CONCLUSIONS We did not find a negative influence of obesity in dexmedetomidine clearance when doses were adjusted to lean body weight. Liver blood flow showed a significant effect on dexmedetomidine clearance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02557867.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rolle
- División de Anestesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Paredes
- División de Anestesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L I Cortínez
- División de Anestesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - B J Anderson
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - N Quezada
- Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Solari
- Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Allende
- Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Torres
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Contreras
- División de Anestesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Carmona
- División de Anestesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Ramírez
- División de Anestesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A M Oliveros
- División de Anestesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Ibacache
- División de Anestesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhang N, Cheng C, Olaleye OE, Sun Y, Li L, Huang Y, Du F, Yang J, Wang F, Shi Y, Xu F, Li Y, Wen Q, Zhang N, Li C. Pharmacokinetics-Based Identification of Potential Therapeutic Phthalides from XueBiJing, a Chinese Herbal Injection Used in Sepsis Management. Drug Metab Dispos 2018. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Psychiatric and physical conditions often coexist, and there is robust evidence that associates the frequency of depression with single and multiple physical conditions. More than half of patients with depression may have at least one chronic physical condition. Therefore, antidepressants are often used in cotherapy with other medications for the management of both psychiatric and chronic physical illnesses. The risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is augmented by complex polypharmacy regimens and extended periods of treatment required, of which possible outcomes range from tolerability issues to lack of efficacy and serious adverse events. Optimal patient outcomes may be achieved through drug selection with minimal potential for DDIs. Desvenlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved for the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder. Pharmacokinetic studies of desvenlafaxine have shown a simple metabolic profile unique among antidepressants. This review examines the DDI profiles of antidepressants, particularly desvenlafaxine, in relation to drugs of different therapeutic areas. The summary and comparison of information available is meant to help clinicians in making informed decisions when using desvenlafaxine in patients with depression and comorbid chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Low
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Graca Lima
- Global Medical Affairs, Asia-Pacific Region, Pfizer, Hong Kong
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Wang F, Miao MX, Sun BB, Wang ZJ, Tang XG, Chen Y, Zhao KJ, Liu XD, Liu L. Acute liver failure enhances oral plasma exposure of zidovudine in rats by downregulation of hepatic UGT2B7 and intestinal P-gp. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1554-1565. [PMID: 28770824 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is often associated with liver failure, which alters the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. In this study we investigated whether acute liver failure (ALF) altered the pharmacokinetics of the first-line anti-HIV agent zidovudine (AZT), a P-gp/BCRP substrate, in rats. ALF was induced in rats by injecting thioacetamide (TAA, 300 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 2 days. On the second day after the last injection of TAA, the pharmacokinetics of AZT was investigated following both oral (20 mg/kg) and intravenous (10 mg/kg) administration. ALF significantly increased the plasma concentrations of AZT after both oral and intravenous doses of AZT, but without affecting the urinary excretion of AZT. AZT metabolism was studied in rat hepatic microsomes in vitro, which revealed that hepatic UGT2B7 was the main enzyme responsible for the formation of AZT O-glucuronide (GAZT); ALF markedly impaired AZT metabolism in hepatic microsomes, which was associated with the significantly decreased hepatic UGT2B7 expression. Intestinal absorption of AZT was further studied in rats via in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion. Intestinal P-gp function and intestinal integrity were assessed with rhodamine 123 and FD-70, respectively. We found that ALF significantly downregulated intestinal P-gp expression, and had a smaller effect on intestinal BCRP. Further studies showed that ALF significantly increased the intestinal absorption of both rhodamine 123 and AZT without altering intestinal integrity, thus confirming an impairment of intestinal P-gp function. In conclusion, ALF significantly increases the oral plasma exposure of AZT in rats, a result partly attributed to the impaired function and expression of hepatic UGT2B7 and intestinal P-gp.
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Marsousi N, Desmeules JA, Rudaz S, Daali Y. Usefulness of PBPK Modeling in Incorporation of Clinical Conditions in Personalized Medicine. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2380-2391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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An observational study examining the effects of a surgically induced inflammatory response on the distribution of morphine and its metabolites into cerebrospinal fluid. Can J Anaesth 2017; 64:1009-1022. [PMID: 28710563 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-017-0933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Morphine is administered intravenously for pain management in the perioperative period. The effect of the inflammatory response to surgery on morphine distribution across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in humans was investigated. We hypothesized that a graded surgically induced, systemic inflammatory response alters cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) through a temporary reduction in BBB drug efflux transporter function. METHODS We conducted a prospective pharmacokinetic study of the plasma and CSF distribution of the P-glycoprotein (PGP) substrate morphine in 33 patients undergoing open thoracic (n = 18) or endovascular (n = 15) aortic aneurysm repair. Morphine was administered with induction of anesthesia and in the intensive care unit. Plasma and CSF concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, morphine, M3G, M6G, and albumin were measured prior to surgery (baseline), during surgery, and postoperatively every six hours until removal of the CSF drain. The area under the curve (AUC) was determined for plasma and CSF IL-6, morphine, M3G, and M6G concentrations vs time. The primary endpoint measures were the correlations between the morphine, M6G, and M3G AUC CSF/plasma ratios and systemic inflammation as quantified by the time-normalized IL-6 exposure, which was calculated for each individual by dividing the total exposure (AUC) by time (t). A Bonferroni corrected P < 0.017 indicated a significant correlation. RESULTS Plasma and CSF IL-6 concentrations increased postoperatively. The median [interquartile range] IL-6 exposures were significantly higher in the open vs endovascular surgical group for plasma (105 [40-256] pg·mL-1 vs 29 [16-70] pg·mL-1, respectively; P = 0.013) and CSF (79 [26-133] pg·mL-1 vs 16 [9-80] pg·mL-1, respectively; P = 0.013). For the primary endpoint, the plasma IL-6 AUC/t did not correlate with the CSF accumulation of morphine (r = -0.009; P = 0.96) or M3G (r = 0.37; P = 0.04) when corrected for surgical procedure, age, and sex. There were insufficient data on CSF concentration to complete the primary analysis for M6G. CONCLUSION Morphine distribution into the CSF was not significantly altered in patients undergoing thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. This suggests that BBB PGP function may not be affected by the perioperative inflammatory response. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT 00878371. Registered 7 April 2009.
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Yang N, Sun R, Liao X, Aa J, Wang G. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and their related metabolic cross-talk with internal homeostasis: A systematic review of UGT isoforms for precision medicine. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:169-183. [PMID: 28479371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are the primary phase II enzymes catalyzing the conjugation of glucuronic acid to the xenobiotics with polar groups for facilitating their clearance. The UGTs belong to a superfamily that consists of diverse isoforms possessing distinct but overlapping metabolic activity. The abnormality or deficiency of UGTs in vivo is highly associated with some diseases, efficacy and toxicity of drugs, and precisely therapeutic personality. Despite the great effects and fruitful results achieved, to date, the expression and functions of individual UGTs have not been well clarified, the inconsistency of UGTs is often observed in human and experimental animals, and the complex regulation factors affecting UGTs have not been systematically summarized. This article gives an overview of updated reports on UGTs involving the various regulatory factors in terms of the genetic, environmental, pathological, and physiological effects on the functioning of individual UGTs, in turn, the dysfunction of UGTs induced disease risk and endo- or xenobiotic metabolism-related toxicity. The complex cross-talk effect of UGTs with internal homeostasis is systematically summarized and discussed in detail, which would be of great importance for personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runbin Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoying Liao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Wijayakumara DD, Mackenzie PI, McKinnon RA, Hu DG, Meech R. Regulation of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases UGT2B4 and UGT2B7 by MicroRNAs in Liver Cancer Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:386-397. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.239707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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37
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Advances in drug metabolism and pharmacogenetics research in Australia. Pharmacol Res 2017; 116:7-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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38
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Xie Y, Miranda SR, Hoskins JM, Hawke RL. Role of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 in the Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Silymarin Flavonolignans in Patients with HCV and NAFLD. Molecules 2017; 22:E142. [PMID: 28098838 PMCID: PMC6155777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin is the most commonly used herbal medicine by patients with chronic liver disease. Silymarin flavonolignans undergo rapid first-pass metabolism primarily by glucuronidation. The aims of this investigation were: (1) to determine the association of UGT1A1*28 polymorphism with the area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs) for silybin A (SA) and silybin B (SB); (2) to evaluate the effect of UGT1A1*28 polymorphism on the profile of flavonolignan glucuronide conjugates found in the plasma; and (3) to investigate the role of UGT1A1 enzyme kinetics on the pharmacokinetics of SA and SB. AUCs and metabolic ratios for thirty-three patients with chronic liver disease administered oral doses of silymarin were compared between different UGT1A1*28 genotypes. The AUCs, metabolic ratios, and the profiles of major SA and SB glucuronides did not differ significantly among the three UGT1A1 genotypes. In contrast, an increase in the proportion of sulfated flavonolignan conjugates in plasma was observed in subjects with UGT1A1*28/*28 genotype compared to subjects carrying wild type alleles. Differences in SA and SB in vitro intrinsic clearance estimates for UGTIA1 correlated inversely with SA and SB exposures observed in vivo indicating a major role for UGT1A1 in silymarin metabolism. In addition, a significant difference in the metabolic ratio observed between patients with NAFLD and HCV suggests that any effect of UGT1A1 polymorphism may be obscured by a greater effect of liver disease on the pharmacokinetics of silymarin. Taken together, these results suggest the presence of the UGT1A1*28 allele does not contribute significantly to a large inter-subject variability in the pharmacokinetics of silybin A and silybin B which may obscure the ability to detect beneficial effects of silymarin in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Sonia R Miranda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Janelle M Hoskins
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Roy L Hawke
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Nakamura K, Hirayama-Kurogi M, Ito S, Kuno T, Yoneyama T, Obuchi W, Terasaki T, Ohtsuki S. Large-scale multiplex absolute protein quantification of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in human intestine, liver, and kidney microsomes by SWATH-MS: Comparison with MRM/SRM and HR-MRM/PRM. Proteomics 2016; 16:2106-17. [PMID: 27197958 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine simultaneously the absolute protein amounts of 152 membrane and membrane-associated proteins, including 30 metabolizing enzymes and 107 transporters, in pooled microsomal fractions of human liver, kidney, and intestine by means of SWATH-MS with stable isotope-labeled internal standard peptides, and to compare the results with those obtained by MRM/SRM and high resolution (HR)-MRM/PRM. The protein expression levels of 27 metabolizing enzymes, 54 transporters, and six other membrane proteins were quantitated by SWATH-MS; other targets were below the lower limits of quantitation. Most of the values determined by SWATH-MS differed by less than 50% from those obtained by MRM/SRM or HR-MRM/PRM. Various metabolizing enzymes were expressed in liver microsomes more abundantly than in other microsomes. Ten, 13, and eight transporters listed as important for drugs by International Transporter Consortium were quantified in liver, kidney, and intestinal microsomes, respectively. Our results indicate that SWATH-MS enables large-scale multiplex absolute protein quantification while retaining similar quantitative capability to MRM/SRM or HR-MRM/PRM. SWATH-MS is expected to be useful methodology in the context of drug development for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion in the human body based on protein profile information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nakamura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mio Hirayama-Kurogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug Safety Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yoneyama
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wataru Obuchi
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Dietrich CG, Götze O, Geier A. Molecular changes in hepatic metabolism and transport in cirrhosis and their functional importance. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:72-88. [PMID: 26755861 PMCID: PMC4698509 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is the common endpoint of many hepatic diseases and represents a relevant risk for liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progress of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is accompanied by deteriorating liver function. This review summarizes the regulatory and functional changes in phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes as well as transport proteins and provides an overview regarding lipid and glucose metabolism in cirrhotic patients. Interestingly, phase I enzymes are generally downregulated transcriptionally, while phase II enzymes are mostly preserved transcriptionally but are reduced in their function. Transport proteins are regulated in a specific way that resembles the molecular changes observed in obstructive cholestasis. Lipid and glucose metabolism are characterized by insulin resistance and catabolism, leading to the disturbance of energy expenditure and wasting. Possible non-invasive tests, especially breath tests, for components of liver metabolism are discussed. The heterogeneity and complexity of changes in hepatic metabolism complicate the assessment of liver function in individual patients. Additionally, studies in humans are rare, and species differences preclude the transferability of data from rodents to humans. In clinical practice, some established global scores or criteria form the basis for the functional evaluation of patients with liver cirrhosis, but difficult treatment decisions such as selection for transplantation or resection require further research regarding the application of existing non-invasive tests and the development of more specific tests.
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Liu M, Chen S, Yueh MF, Wang G, Hao H, Tukey RH. Reduction of p53 by knockdown of the UGT1 locus in colon epithelial cells causes an increase in tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 2:63-76.e5. [PMID: 26807433 PMCID: PMC4721636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are part of the cells machinery that protects the tissues from a toxicant insult by environmental and host cell metabolites. We have investigated the mechanism behind tumor growth and UGT repression. METHODS We initially silenced the Ugt1 locus in human colon cell lines and investigated markers and responses linked to p53 activation. To examine the role of the Ugt1 locus in p53-directed apoptosis and tumorigenesis, experiments were conducted to induce acute colon inflammation and chemical induced colon cancer in mice where we have selectively deleted the Ugt1 locus in the intestinal epithelial cells (Ugt1ΔIEC mice). RESULTS Knockdown of the UGT1A proteins by RNAi in human colon cancer cells and knockout of the Ugt1 locus in intestinal crypt stem cells reduces phosphorylated p53 activation and compromises the ability of p53 to control apoptosis. Targeted deletion of intestinal Ugt1 expression in Ugt1ΔIEC mice represses colon inflammation-induced p53 production and pro-apoptotic protein activation. When we induced colon cancer, the size and number of the tumors were significantly greater in the Ugt1ΔIEC mice when compared to wild type mice. Furthermore, analysis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers indicated that lack of UGT1A expression causes higher ER stress in intestinal epithelial cells and tissue, which may account for the lower expression of p53. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that UGT1A expression is required to maintain and sustain p53 activation in stress-induced colon epithelial cells and has a significant impact on p53-mediated apoptosis and tumor suppression, thus protecting the colon tissue from neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mei-Fei Yueh
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Haiping Hao, PhD, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 21009, China.China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24Nanjing 21009China
| | - Robert H. Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Robert H. Tukey, PhD, University of California–San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Leichtag Biomedical Research Building, Room 211, La Jolla, California 92093-0722.University of California–San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLeichtag Biomedical Research BuildingRoom 211La JollaCalifornia 92093-0722
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Holmes JA, Congiu M, Bonanzinga S, Sandhu MK, Kia YH, Bell SJ, Nguyen T, Iser DM, Visvanathan K, Sievert W, Bowden DS, Desmond PV, Thompson AJ. The relationships between IFNL4 genotype, intrahepatic interferon-stimulated gene expression and interferon treatment response differs in HCV-1 compared with HCV-3. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:296-306. [PMID: 26032235 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological mechanism underlying the association between IFNL4/IFNL3 polymorphism and peginterferon/ribavirin (PR) response in HCV-1 is thought to involve differential intrahepatic interferon-stimulated gene expression. HCV-3 is more sensitive to PR, but there are no studies of the association between IFNL4 polymorphism, PR treatment response and liver interferon-stimulated gene expression in HCV-3. AIM We evaluated the association between IFNL4/IFNL3 genotypes, PR treatment outcomes and intrahepatic interferon-stimulated gene expression, according to HCV genotype. METHODS HCV-1 and HCV-3 patients who received PR therapy were identified. IFNL3 (rs12979860) and IFNL4 genotype (rs368234815) were determined. A second cohort with stored liver specimens was identified. Expression of ISGs was measured by rt-PCR. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-nine patients were identified: 55% HCV-1, 45% HCV-3. IFNL4 genotype frequency was TT/TT 44%, TT/ΔG 42% andΔG/ΔG 14%. Linkage disequilibrium with IFNL3 genotype was high (r(2) = 0.98). The association between IFNL4 genotype and PR response was attenuated in HCV-3 vs. HCV-1 (HCV-3: SVR 89% vs. 76% vs. 72% for TT/TT vs. TT/ΔG vs. ΔG/ΔG, P = 0.09; HCV-1: SVR: 82% vs. 29% vs. 24%, P < 0.001). Intrahepatic ISG expression was evaluated in 92 patients; 61% HCV-1. The association between IFNL4 genotype and liver ISG expression was significantly different for HCV-3 vs. HCV-1 (P-value for interaction = 0.046), with levels of interferon-stimulated gene expression being highest in HCV-1 patients who carried a poor-response IFNL4 genotype. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between IFNL4 genotype and PR treatment response as well as intrahepatic interferon-stimulated gene expression differs between HCV-1 and HCV-3. These data suggest fundamental differences in host-virus interactions according to HCV genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Holmes
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - M Congiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - S Bonanzinga
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - M K Sandhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - Y H Kia
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - S J Bell
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - T Nguyen
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - D M Iser
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - K Visvanathan
- Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - W Sievert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - D S Bowden
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - P V Desmond
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - A J Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Centre, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Urine and serum metabolite profiling of rats fed a high-fat diet and the anti-obesity effects of caffeine consumption. Molecules 2015; 20:3107-28. [PMID: 25689639 PMCID: PMC6272342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20023107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the clinical changes induced by a high fat diet (HFD) and caffeine consumption in a rat model. The mean body weight of the HFD with caffeine (HFDC)-fed rat was decreased compared to that of the HFD-fed rat without caffeine. The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and free fatty acid, as well as the size of adipose tissue altered by HFD, were improved by caffeine consumption. To investigate the metabolites that affected the change of the clinical factors, the urine and serum of rats fed a normal diet (ND), HFD, and HFDC were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), gas chromatography (GC-TOF-MS), and linear trap quadruple mass spectrometry (LTQ-XL-MS) combined with multivariate analysis. A total of 68 and 52 metabolites were found to be different in urine and serum, respectively. After being fed caffeine, some glucuronide-conjugated compounds, lysoPCs, CEs, DGs, TGs, taurine, and hippuric acid were altered compared to the HFD group. In this study, caffeine might potentially inhibit HFD-induced obesity and we suggest possible biomarker candidates using MS-based metabolite profiling.
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Devineni D, Curtin CR, Marbury TC, Smith W, Vaccaro N, Wexler D, Vandebosch A, Rusch S, Stieltjes H, Wajs E. Effect of hepatic or renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor. Clin Ther 2015; 37:610-628.e4. [PMID: 25659911 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Canagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Because T2DM is often associated with renal or hepatic impairment, understanding the effects of these comorbid conditions on the pharmacokinetics of canagliflozin, and further assessing its safety, in these special populations is essential. Two open-label studies evaluated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (renal study only), and safety of canagliflozin in participants with hepatic or renal impairment. METHODS Participants in the hepatic study (8 in each group) were categorized based on their Child-Pugh score (normal hepatic function, mild impairment [Child-Pugh score of 5 or 6], and moderate impairment [Child-Pugh score of 7-9]) and received a single oral dose of canagliflozin 300 mg. Participants in the renal study (8 in each group) were categorized based on their creatinine clearance (CLCR) (normal renal function [CLCR ≥80 mL/min]; mild [CLCR 50 to <80 mL/min], moderate [CLCR 30 to <50 mL/min], or severe [CLCR <30 mL/min] renal impairment; and end-stage renal disease [ESRD]) and received a single oral dose of canagliflozin 200 mg; the exception was those with ESRD, who received 1 dose postdialysis and 1 dose predialysis (10 days later). Canagliflozin's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (urinary glucose excretion [UGE] and renal threshold for glucose excretion [RTG]) were assessed at predetermined time points. FINDINGS Mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinite (AUC)0-∞ values differed by <11% between the group with normal hepatic function and those with mild and moderate hepatic impairment. In the renal study, the mean Cmax values were 13%, 29%, and 29% higher and the mean AUC0-∞ values were 17%, 63%, and 50% higher in participants with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively; values were similar in the ESRD group relative to the group with normal function, however. The amount of UGE declined as renal function decreased, whereas RTG was not suppressed to the same extent in the moderate to severe renal impairment groups (mean RTG, 93-97 mg/dL) compared with the mild impairment and normal function groups (mean RTG, 68-77 mg/dL). IMPLICATIONS Canagliflozin's pharmacokinetics were not affected by mild or moderate hepatic impairment. Systemic exposure to canagliflozin increased in the renal impairment groups relative to participants with normal renal function. Pharmacodynamic response to canagliflozin, measured by using UGE and RTG, declined with increasing severity of renal impairment. A single oral dose of canagliflozin was well tolerated by participants in both studies. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01186588 and NCT01759576.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William Smith
- New Orleans Center for Clinical Research, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Nicole Vaccaro
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - David Wexler
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - An Vandebosch
- Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sarah Rusch
- Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hans Stieltjes
- Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ewa Wajs
- Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
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Klein M, Thomas M, Hofmann U, Seehofer D, Damm G, Zanger UM. A systematic comparison of the impact of inflammatory signaling on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion gene expression and activity in primary human hepatocytes and HepaRG cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 43:273-83. [PMID: 25480923 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are associated with compromised metabolism and elimination of drugs in the liver, largely mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6. The Hepa-RG cell line is an established surrogate for primary human hepatocytes (PHH) in drug metabolism and toxicity studies. However, the impact of inflammatory signaling on HepaRG cells has not been well characterized. In this study, the response of primary human hepatocytes and HepaRG cells to interleukin (IL)-6 was comparatively analyzed. For this purpose, broad-spectrum gene expression profiling, including acute-phase response genes and a large panel of drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter (DMET) genes as well as their modifiers and regulators, was conducted in combination with cytochrome P450 (P450) activity measurements. Exposure of PHH and HepaRG cells to IL-6 resulted in highly similar coordinated reduction of DMET mRNA, including major ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCs), P450s, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), and solute carriers (SLCs). Enzyme activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 were reduced upon 48-72 hours exposure to IL-6 in PHH and HepaRG. However, although these effects were not significant in PHH due to large interindividual donor variability, the impact on HepaRG was more pronounced and highly significant, thus emphasizing the advantage of HepaRG as a more reproducible model system. Exposure of HepaRG cells to interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α resulted in similar effects on gene expression and enzyme activities. The present study emphasizes the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the regulation of drug metabolism and supports the use of HepaRG in lieu of PHH to minimize subject variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (M.K., M.T., U.H., U.M.Z.); and Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany (D.S., G.D.)
| | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (M.K., M.T., U.H., U.M.Z.); and Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany (D.S., G.D.)
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (M.K., M.T., U.H., U.M.Z.); and Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany (D.S., G.D.)
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (M.K., M.T., U.H., U.M.Z.); and Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany (D.S., G.D.)
| | - Georg Damm
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (M.K., M.T., U.H., U.M.Z.); and Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany (D.S., G.D.)
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (M.K., M.T., U.H., U.M.Z.); and Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany (D.S., G.D.)
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Collier AC, Thévenon AD, Goh W, Hiraoka M, Kendal-Wright CE. Placental profiling of UGT1A enzyme expression and activity and interactions with preeclampsia at term. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:471-80. [PMID: 25465229 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Placental UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes have critical roles in hormone, nutrient, chemical balance and fetal exposure during pregnancy. Placental UGT1A isoforms were profiled and differences between preeclamptic (PE) and non-PE placental UGT expression determined. In third trimester villous placenta, UGT1A1, 1A4, 1A6 and 1A9 were expressed and active in all specimens (n = 10), but UGT1A3, 1A5, 1A7, 1A8 and 1A10 were absent. The UGT1A activities were comparable to human liver microsomes per milligram, but placental microsome yields were only 2 % of liver (1 mg/g of tissue vs. 45 mg/g of tissue). For successful PCR, placental collection and processing within 60 min from delivery, including DNAse and ≥300 ng of RNA in reverse transcription were essential and snap freezing in liquid nitrogen immediately was the best preservation method. Although UGT1A6 mRNA was lower in PE (P < 0.001), there were no other significant effects on UGT mRNA, protein or activities. A more comprehensive tissue sample set is required for confirmation of PE interactions with UGT. Placental UGT1A enzyme expression patterns are similar to the liver and a detoxicative role for placental UGT1A is inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby C Collier
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA. .,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Audrey D Thévenon
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - William Goh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children, 1319 Punahou Street, Honolulu, HI, 96826, USA
| | - Mark Hiraoka
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children, 1319 Punahou Street, Honolulu, HI, 96826, USA
| | - Claire E Kendal-Wright
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children, 1319 Punahou Street, Honolulu, HI, 96826, USA.,Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA
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Significantly decreased and more variable expression of major CYPs and UGTs in liver microsomes prepared from HBV-positive human hepatocellular carcinoma and matched pericarcinomatous tissues determined using an isotope label-free UPLC-MS/MS method. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1141-57. [PMID: 25288013 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the liver expression of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), the major phase I and II metabolism enzymes responsible for clearance and detoxification of drugs, xenobiotic and endogenous substances. METHODS A validated isotope label-free method was established for absolute and simultaneous quantification of 9 CYPs (1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D, 2E1 and 3A4) and 5 UGTs (1A1, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9 and 2B7) in human liver microsomes using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The LC-MS/MS method displayed excellent dynamic range (at least 250-fold) and high sensitivity for each of the signature peptides with acceptable recovery, accuracy and precision. The protein expression profile of CYP and UGT isoforms were then determined in match microsomes samples prepared from patients with HBV-positive human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the tumor microsomes, the average absolute amounts of 8 major CYP isoforms (except CYP2C19) and 3 UGT isoforms (UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7) were decreased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas UGT1A6 and UGT1A9 levels were unchanged (p > 0.05). In addition, among isoforms with altered expression, 6 of 8 CYP isoforms and all three UGT isoforms were much more variable in tumor microsomes. Lastly, the importance of CYP3A4 was greatly diminished whereas the importance of UGT1A6 was enhanced in tumor microsomes. CONCLUSION The use of an isotope label-free absolute quantification method for the simultaneous determination of 9 CYPs and 5 UGTs in human liver microsomes reveals that expression levels of CYPs and UGTs in human liver are severely impact by HCC, which could impact drug metabolism, disposition and pharmacotherapy.
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Lloret-Linares C, Hirt D, Bardin C, Bouillot JL, Oppert JM, Poitou C, Chast F, Mouly S, Scherrmann JM, Bergmann JF, Declèves X. Effect of a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Morphine Using a Population Approach. Clin Pharmacokinet 2014; 53:919-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-014-0163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Beneficial effects of soluble dietary Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) in the prevention of the onset of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fructose diet-fed rats. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:709-17. [PMID: 24968200 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke (JA) has the potential to attenuate lipid disturbances and insulin resistance (IR), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, we elucidated the physiological responses and mechanisms of JA intervention with a comprehensive transcriptome analysis. Wistar rats were fed a control diet, a 60 % fructose-enriched diet (FRU), or a FRU with 10 % JA (n 6-7) for 4 weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test was carried out on day 21. Liver samples were collected for biochemical and global gene expression analyses (GeneChip® Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array, Affymetrix). Fructose feeding resulted in IR and hepatic TAG accumulation; dietary JA supplementation significantly improved these changes. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that the expression of malic enzyme 1 (Me1), associated with fatty acid synthesis; decorin (Dcn), related to fibrosis; and cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 (Cyp1a2) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), associated with inflammation, was differentially altered by the FRU, whereas dietary JA supplementation significantly improved the expression of these genes. We established for the first time the molecular mechanisms driving the beneficial effects of JA in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We propose that 10 % JA supplementation may be beneficial for the prevention of the onset of these diseases.
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Hu DG, Rogers A, Mackenzie PI. Epirubicin upregulates UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 expression in liver cancer cells via the p53 pathway. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:887-97. [PMID: 24682467 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.091603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are effective genotoxic anticancer drugs for treating human malignancies; however, their clinical use is limited by tumor resistance and severe cardiotoxicity (e.g., congestive heart failure). Epirubicin (EPI) is less cardiotoxic compared with other canonical anthracyclines (e.g., doxorubicin). This has been attributed to its unique glucuronidation detoxification pathway. EPI is primarily inactivated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) in the liver. Hence, the regulation of hepatic UGT2B7 expression is critical for EPI systemic clearance but remains poorly characterized. We show herein that EPI upregulates UGT2B7 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Our analyses of deleted and mutated UGT2B7 promoter constructs identified a p53 response element (p53RE) in the UGT2B7 promoter. EPI stimulated UGT2B7 promoter activity via this p53RE and enhanced in vivo p53 binding at this p53RE in HepG2 cells. Knockdown of p53 expression by small interfering RNA silencing technology significantly repressed the capacity of EPI to stimulate UGT2B7 transcription. Furthermore, the p53 activator nutlin-3α significantly enhanced UGT2B7 expression and recruited the p53 protein to the UGT2B7 p53RE in HepG2 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrated that EPI promotes its own detoxification via the p53-mediated pathway. This regulation may contribute to tumor resistance to EPI-containing HCC chemotherapy and may also provide a new explanation for the reduced cardiotoxicity of EPI compared with other anthracyclines. Our finding also suggests that upon exposure to genotoxic agents, detoxifying genes are activated by the p53-mediated pathway to clear genotoxic agents locally within the tumor site or even systemically through the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gui Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University School of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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