1
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Dong H, Yao L, Fan J, Gao P, Yang X, Yuan Z, Zhang T, Lu M, Chen X, Suo C. Characteristics of auto-quantified tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the prognostic value in adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, gastric adenocarcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205999. [PMID: 38975889 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEGJ) with a specific pathological profile and poor prognosis has limited therapeutic options. Previous studies have found that TILs exhibit distinct characteristics in different tumors and are correlated with tumor prognosis. We established cellular training sets to obtain auto-quantified TILs in pathological images. And we compared the characteristics of TILs in AEGJ with those in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) to gain insight into the unique immune environments of these three tumors and investigate the prognostic value of TILs in these three tumors. METHODS Utilizing a case-control study design, we analyzed 214 AEGJ, 256 GAC, and 752 ESCC cases. The TCGA dataset was used to validate prognostic value of auto-quantified TILs. The specific cellular training sets were established by experienced pathologists to determine TILs counts. Kruskal-Wallis test and multi-variable linear regression were conducted to explore TILs characteristics. Survival analyses were performed with Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The three cellular training sets of these cancers achieved a classification accuracy of 87.55 at least. The median auto-quantified TILs of AEGJ, GAC, and ESCC cases were 4.82%, 1.92%, and 0.12%, respectively. The TILs demonstrated varied characteristics under distinctive clinicopathological traits. The higher TILs proportion was associated with better prognosis in esophagogastric cancers (all P < 0.05) and was an independent prognostic biomarker on AEGJ in both datasets (Taixing: HR = 0.965, 95% CI = 0.938-0.994; TCGA: HR = 0.811, 95% CI = 0.712-0.925). CONCLUSIONS We found variations in TILs across ESCC, GAC, and AEGJ, as assessed by image processing algorithms. Additionally, TILs in these three cancers are an independent prognostic factor. This enhances our understanding of the unique immune characteristics of the three tumors, improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longqing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Suo
- Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Almeida LEF, Smith ML, Kamimura S, Vogel S, de Souza Batista CM, Quezado ZMN. Nitrite decreases sickle hemoglobin polymerization in vitro independently of methemoglobin formation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 473:116606. [PMID: 37336294 PMCID: PMC10387360 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The root cause of sickle cell disease (SCD) is the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) leading to sickling of red blood cells (RBC). Earlier studies showed that in patients with SCD, high-dose nitrite inhibited sickling, an effect originally attributed to HbS oxidation to methemoglobin-S even though the anti-sickling effect did not correlate with methemoglobin-S levels. Here, we examined the effects of nitrite on HbS polymerization and on methemoglobin formation in a SCD mouse model. In vitro, at concentrations higher than physiologic (>1 μM), nitrite increased the delay time for polymerization of deoxygenated HbS independently of methemoglobin-S formation, which only occurred at much higher concentrations (>300 μM). In vitro, higher nitrite concentrations oxidized 100% of normal hemoglobin A (HbA), but only 70% of HbS. Dimethyl adipimidate, an anti-polymerization agent, increased the fraction of HbS oxidized by nitrite to 82%, suggesting that polymerized HbS partially contributed to the oxidation-resistant fraction of HbS. At low concentrations (10 μM-1 mM), nitrite did not increase the formation of reactive oxygen species but at high concentrations (10 mM) it decreased sickle RBC viability. In SCD mice, 4-week administration of nitrite yielded no significant changes in methemoglobin or nitrite levels in plasma and RBC, however, it further increased leukocytosis. Overall, these data suggest that nitrite at supra-physiologic concentrations has anti-polymerization properties in vitro and that leukocytosis is a potential nitrite toxicity in vivo. Therefore, to determine whether the anti-polymerization effect of nitrite observed in vitro underlies the decreases in sickling observed in patients with SCD, administration of higher nitrite doses is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E F Almeida
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghann L Smith
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sayuri Kamimura
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Celia M de Souza Batista
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zenaide M N Quezado
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Noh K, Liu X, Wei C. Optimizing transcardial perfusion of small molecules and biologics for brain penetration and biodistribution studies in rodents. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:71-83. [PMID: 35508078 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Efficiently removing blood from the brain vasculature is critical to evaluate accurately the brain penetration and biodistribution of drug candidates, especially for biologics as their blood concentrations are substantially higher than the brain concentrations. Transcardial perfusion has been used widely to remove residual blood in the brain; however, the perfusion conditions (such as the perfusion rate and time) reported in the literature are quite varied, and the performance of these methods on blood removal has not been investigated thoroughly. In this study, the effectiveness of the perfusion conditions was assessed by measuring brain hemoglobin levels. Sodium nitrite (NaNO2 ) as an additive in the perfusate was evaluated at different concentrations. Blood removal was significantly improved with 2% NaNO2 over a 20 min perfusion in mouse without disrupting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In mice, the optimized perfusion method significantly lowered the measured brain-to-plasma ratio (Kp,brain ) for monoclonal antibodies due to the removal of blood contamination and small molecules with a moderate-to-high BBB permeability and with a high brain-unbound-fraction (fu,brain ) presumably due to flux out of the brain during perfusion. Perfusion with or without NaNO2 clearly removed the residual blood in rat brain but with no difference observed in Kp,brain between the perfusion groups with or without 2% NaNO2 . In conclusion, a perfusion method was successfully developed to evaluate the brain penetration of small molecules and biologics in rodents for the first time. The transcardial perfusion with 2% NaNO2 effectively removed the residual blood in the brain and significantly improved the assessment of brain penetration of biologics. For small molecules, however, transcardial perfusion may not be performed, as small molecule compounds could be washed away from the brain by the perfusion procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keumhan Noh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Haouzi P, MacCann M, Brenner M, Mahon S, Bebarta VS, Chan A, Judenherc-Haouzi A, Tubbs N, Boss GR. Treatment of life-threatening H2S intoxication: Lessons from the trapping agent tetranitrocobinamide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103998. [PMID: 36228991 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the efficacy of trapping free hydrogen sulfide (H2S) following severe H2S intoxication. Sodium hydrosulfide solution (NaHS, 20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in 69 freely moving rats. In a first group (protocol 1), 40 rats were randomly assigned to receive saline (n = 20) or the cobalt compound tetranitrocobinamide (TNCbi) (n = 20, 75 mg/kg iv), one minute into coma, when free H2S was still present in the blood. A second group of 27 rats received TNCbi or saline, following epinephrine, 5 min into coma, when the concentration of free H2S has drastically decreased in the blood. In protocol 1, TNCbi significantly increased immediate survival (65 vs 20 %, p < 0.01) while in protocol 2, administration of TNCbi led to the same outcome as untreated animals. We hypothesize that the decreased efficacy of TNCbi with time likely reflects the rapid spontaneous disappearance of the pool of free H2S in the blood following H2S exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Marissa MacCann
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sari Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vikhyat S Bebarta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Tubbs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gerry R Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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Chou HC, Lo CH, Chang LH, Chiu SJ, Hu TM. Organosilica colloids as nitric oxide carriers: Pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112136. [PMID: 34628305 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases. However, it is challenging to deliver this unstable, free-radical gaseous molecule in the body. Various nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been investigated as promising NO carriers without detailed characterization of their biological fate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility of organosilica-based NO-delivering nanocarriers. Two distinct NO nanoformulations, namely NO-SiNP-1 and NO-SiNP-2, were prepared from a thiol-functionalized organosilane using nanoprecipitation and direct aqueous synthesis, respectively. During the preparation, the thiol group was converted to S-nitrosothiol (SNO) under a nitrosation condition. The final products contain SNO-loaded organosilica particles of similar sizes (~130 nm), but of different morphologies and surface charges (between the two formulations). In the in vitro release kinetics study, NO-SiNP-1 exhibited a much slower NO release rate than NO-SiNP-2 (by 5-fold); therefore, the former is considered as a slow NO releaser, and the latter a fast NO releaser. However, in the rat pharmacokinetic study (IV bolus of 50 μmol/kg), NO-SiNP-1 was rapidly eliminated from the blood (within 20 min); in contrast, NO-SiNP-2 was slowly eliminated with an extended circulation time of 12 h for plasma SNO, along with markedly higher plasma levels of nitrite and nitrate. The two formulations are generally biocompatible. In conclusion, the paper presents contrast biological fates of two organosilica colloidal formulations for nitric oxide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chang Chou
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Lo
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hao Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jiuan Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Teh-Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Center for Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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6
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Werner SJ, DeLiberto ST, McLean HE, Horak KE, VerCauteren KC. Toxicity of sodium nitrite-based vertebrate pesticides for European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246277. [PMID: 33667226 PMCID: PMC7935278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, invasive animals rank second only to habitat destruction as the greatest threat to global biodiversity. Socially-acceptable and cost-effective strategies are needed to reduce the negative economic and environmental impacts of invasive animals. We investigated the potential for sodium nitrite (SN; CAS 7632-00-0) to serve as an avian toxicant for European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.). We also assessed the non-target hazard of an experimental formulation of SN that is being developed as a toxicant for invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa L.). In gavage experiments with European starlings, we identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for mortality of 2.40% technical SN (w/v; 120 mg SN/kg body mass) and a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for mortality of 1.30% technical SN (65 mg/kg). The exposure of ten starlings to the experimental formulation of SN (10% SN pig toxicant) resulted in one starling mortality during four days of exposure to the toxic bait. Sodium nitrite toxicity presented a moderate hazard to European starlings; thus, the future development of SN as an avian toxicant is dependent upon its cost-effectiveness. We discuss the management of toxic effects and non-target hazards of SN for wild birds, including best practices for toxic baiting of vertebrate pests and management of invasive wild pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Werner
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Shelagh T. DeLiberto
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hailey E. McLean
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Horak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kurt C. VerCauteren
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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In Vivo Transcutaneous Monitoring of Hemoglobin Derivatives Using a Red-Green-Blue Camera-Based Spectral Imaging Technique. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041528. [PMID: 33546389 PMCID: PMC7913506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanosis is a pathological condition that is characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes. It may result from a number of medical conditions, including disorders of the respiratory system and central nervous system, cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, deep vein thrombosis, and regional ischemia. Cyanosis can also be elicited from methemoglobin. Therefore, a simple, rapid, and simultaneous monitoring of changes in oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin is useful for protective strategies against organ ischemic injury. We previously developed a red-green-blue camera-based spectral imaging method for the measurements of melanin concentration, oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (CHbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (CHbR), total hemoglobin concentration (CHbT) and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) in skin tissues. We leveraged this approach in this study and extended it to the simultaneous quantifications of methemoglobin concentration (CmetHb), CHbO, CHbR, and StO2. The aim of the study was to confirm the feasibility of the method to monitor CmetHb, CHbO, CHbR, CHbT, and StO2. We performed in vivo experiments using rat dorsal skin during methemoglobinemia induced by the administration of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and changing the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), including normoxia, hypoxia, and anoxia. Spectral diffuse reflectance images were estimated from an RGB image by the Wiener estimation method. Multiple regression analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations of light transport was used to estimate CHbO, CHbR, CmetHb, CHbT, and StO2. CmetHb rapidly increased with a half-maximum time of less than 30 min and reached maximal values nearly 60 min after the administration of NaNO2, whereas StO2 dramatically dropped after the administration of NaNO2, indicating the temporary production of methemoglobin and severe hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia. Time courses of CHbT and StO2, while changing the FiO2, coincided with well-known physiological responses to hyperoxia, normoxia, and hypoxia. The results indicated the potential of this method to evaluate changes in skin hemodynamics due to loss of tissue viability and vitality.
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8
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Khatun F, Aizu Y, Nishidate I. Transcutaneous monitoring of hemoglobin derivatives during methemoglobinemia in rats using spectral diffuse reflectance. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200279SSRR. [PMID: 33583153 PMCID: PMC7881097 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.033708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Untreated methemoglobinemia may cause severe hypoxemia and even death when methemoglobin levels in the blood stream exceed 70%. Although CO-oximetry can be used to monitor the response to treatment for methemoglobinemia, it is costly and requires an invasive procedure for collecting blood samples from patients. A pulse CO-oximeter with a contact probe can be used to continuously and non-invasively measure the percentage of methemoglobin, as well as the percutaneous oxygen saturation. In terms of the prevention of infectious diseases, however, it is desirable to monitor methemoglobin and oxygen saturation levels in a non-contact manner. Diffuse reflectance spectral imaging is promising as a non-contact, non-invasive, and cost-effective clinical diagnostic tool for methemoglobinemia. AIM To demonstrate the feasibility of visible spectral diffuse reflectance for in vivo monitoring of hemoglobin derivatives and evaluating methemoglobin production and reduction as well as hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia in rats. APPROACH A new imaging approach based on the multiple regression analysis aided by Monte Carlo simulations for light transport was developed to quantify methemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin, and deoxygenated hemoglobin using a hyperspectral imaging system. An in vivo experiment with rats exposed to sodium nitrite (NaNO2) at different doses was performed to confirm the feasibility of the method for evaluating the dynamics of methemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin, and deoxygenated hemoglobin during methemoglobinemia. Systemic physiological parameters, including the percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate (HR), and pulse distention, were measured by a commercially available pulse oximeter, and the results were compared to those obtained by the proposed method. RESULTS Both the methemoglobin concentration and methemoglobin saturation rapidly increased with a half-maximum time of <20 min. They reached their maximal values nearly 60 min after the administration of NaNO2. Tissue oxygen saturation dramatically dropped to a minimum of 33.7 % ± 0.4 % , 23.1 % ± 5.6 % , 8.8 % ± 1.7 % , and 9.7 % ± 5.1 % on average for NaNO2 doses of 25, 37.5, 50, and 75 mg/kg, respectively. Changes in methemoglobin concentration and tissue oxygen saturation are indicative of the temporary production of methemoglobin and severe hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia. Profound increases in the HR and pulse distention implied an elevated cardiac output caused by tachycardia and the resultant increase in peripheral blood volume to compensate for the hypoxia and hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia. This was in agreement with the time course of the peripheral hemoglobin volume concentration obtained by the proposed method. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method is capable of the in vivo non-contact simultaneous evaluation of methemoglobin levels and hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia, and that it has potential as a tool for the diagnosis and management of methemoglobinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Khatun
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathobiology, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yoshihisa Aizu
- Muroran Institute of Technology, College of Design and Manufacturing Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Izumi Nishidate
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Downregulated Recycling Process but Not De Novo Synthesis of Glutathione Limits Antioxidant Capacity of Erythrocytes in Hypoxia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7834252. [PMID: 32963701 PMCID: PMC7492869 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7834252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are susceptible to sustained free radical damage during circulation, while the changes of antioxidant capacity and regulatory mechanism of RBCs under different oxygen gradients remain unclear. Here, we investigated the changes of oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity of RBCs in different oxygen gradients and identified the underlying mechanisms using an in vitro model of the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO) system. In the present study, we reported that the hypoxic RBCs showed much higher oxidative stress injury and lower antioxidant capacity compared with normoxic RBCs. In addition, we found that the disturbance of the recycling process, but not de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH), accounted for the significantly decreased antioxidant capacity of hypoxic RBCs compared to normoxic RBCs. We further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism by which oxidative phosphorylation of Band 3 blocked the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) and decreased NADPH production aggravating the dysfunction of GSH synthesis in hypoxic RBCs under oxidative conditions.
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10
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Alshanwani AR, Shaheen S, Faddah LM, Alhusaini AM, Ali HM, Hasan I, Hagar H, Ahmed R, Alharbi FMB, AlHarthii A. Manipulation of Quercetin and Melatonin in the Down-Regulation of HIF-1α, HSP-70 and VEGF Pathways in Rat's Kidneys Induced by Hypoxic Stress. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820949797. [PMID: 32922227 PMCID: PMC7457675 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820949797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia may lead to inflammatory responses by numerous signaling pathways. This
investigation intended to inspect the defensive role of Quercetin (Quer) and/ or
Melatonin (Mel) against reno toxicity induced by Sodium nitrite (Sod ntr). Sod
ntr injection significantly decreased blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) with a
concurrent increase in serum tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-6, C-reactive
protein, creatinine, and urea levels. Over protein-expression of vascular
endothelial growth factor and heat shock, protein-70 and mRNA of HIF-1α were
also observed. Pretreatment of the Sod ntr- injected rats with the
aforementioned antioxidants; either alone or together significantly improved
such parameters. Histopathological examination reinforced the previous results.
It was concluded that the combined administration of Quer and Mel may be useful
as a potential therapy against renal injury induced by Sod ntr. HIF-1α and
HSP-70 are implicated in the induction of hypoxia and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliah R Alshanwani
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameerah Shaheen
- Anatomy Department and Stem Cell Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila M Faddah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam M Alhusaini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa M Ali
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Common First Year Deanship, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Hasan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Hagar
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raeesa Ahmed
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima M B Alharbi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa AlHarthii
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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El-Nabarawy NA, Gouda AS, Khattab MA, Rashed LA. Effects of nitrite graded doses on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, histopathological alterations, and activation of apoptosis in adult rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14019-14032. [PMID: 32036525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrites are found in several forms; they are widely found in water resources and used as additives and preservatives for food and as a color source. We investigated the hazardous effects of exposing rats to different doses of nitrites. Moreover, we examined such impacts, after acute ingestion, on liver and renal tissues in rats and to what extent this affects the organs' functions. Animals were divided into five groups: one control group 1 (group C) and four sodium nitrite (NaNO2)-treated group (8 rats per group). The four NaNO2-treated groups include group 2 (N20), group 3 (N40), group 4 (N60), and group 5 (N75). NaNO2 was dissolved in distilled water, and single acute dose was orally given by gavage at 20, 40, 60, and 75 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Our results revealed significant increase of liver enzymes activity-aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine between different groups with increasing doses of nitrite ingestion. The results of hepatic and renal oxidative stress showed significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and significant decrease in the antioxidant parameters, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as the dose of nitrite increases. Further, the methemoglobin percent showed significant increase with increasing nitrite doses. Abnormal morphological alterations in the liver and kidney tissues were obviously proportional to the administered nitrite doses. The expression of caspase 3 and Bax level showed enhanced induction of immunoexpression, especially in the high doses of nitrites. On the other hand, the maximal immunoexpression level of anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2 was found in lower doses of nitrites, whereas marked decrease of Bcl2 levels was observed in the higher doses. In conclusion, administration of sodium nitrite in a dose-dependent manner is capable of inducing cellular and genetic toxicities and causes disturbance in biochemical analysis, oxidative and anti-oxidative balance, and methemoglobinemia. It also makes histopathological alterations and leads to the activation of apoptosis-related Bax, Bcl2, and caspase 3 genes of liver and kidney tissues in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla A El-Nabarawy
- National Egyptian Center of Environmental and Toxicological Research (NECTR), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Gouda
- National Egyptian Center of Environmental and Toxicological Research (NECTR), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Khattab
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Cheng D, Wang G, Wang X, Tang J, Li C. Chlorogenic acid improves lipid membrane peroxidation and morphological changes in nitrite-induced erythrocyte model of methemoglobinemia. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13172. [PMID: 32150647 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite salts are widely presented in food and their hazardous effects have been well documented. In this study, we evaluated the protective capacity of chlorogenic acid (CGA) against sodium nitrite (NaNO2) -induced damage to rat erythrocytes. Two dosing regimens of CGA were undertaken to alleviate the erythrocyte injury induced by NaNO2 . We examined the cell fragility, the level of methemoglobin and oxidative stress parameters of each treated group. In result, as compared to the CGA post-incubation, co-incubation of CGA with NaNO2 decreased the content of advanced oxidation protein products. The protective capacity of CGA was superior to its remedial effect. We infer that the reaction of CGA and NaNO2 may suppress the cytotoxicity of nitrite on erythrocytes and avoid the generation of oxidative stress induced by NaNO2 . Our results suggest a novel diet strategy for preventing the adverse effects of nitrite in those people with exposure to nitrite. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nitrite is ubiquitous in our environment and can also be formed from nitrogenous compounds by microorganisms which exist in the soil, water, and saliva. Several researches have been performed to explore the protection of natural products on the toxic effects of Nitrite. In this study, exogenous chlorogenic acid (CGA) is able to avert the membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, and morphology in nitrite-induced erythrocytes. The protective capacity of CGA shows superior to the remediate effect of CGA against NaNO2 caused damage to erythrocytes. These results suggest a novel diet strategy for preventing the adverse effects of NaNO2 in those people with acute exposure to nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuerui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinlei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Attia H, Fadda L, Al-Rasheed N, Al-Rasheed N, Maysarah N. Carnosine and L-arginine attenuate the downregulation of brain monoamines and gamma aminobutyric acid; reverse apoptosis and upregulate the expression of angiogenic factors in a model of hemic hypoxia in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:381-394. [PMID: 31641819 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the preventive effect of L-arginine (ARG) and carnosine (CAR) on hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The impact on neuro-inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and the brain levels of monoamines and GABA were investigated. METHODS Rats were divided into the following: normal control, hypoxia model induced by sodium nitrite (75 mg/kg s.c), and hypoxic rats pre-treated with CAR (250 mg/kg), ARG (200 mg/kg), and their combination. RESULTS Data revealed that hypoxia induced significant elevation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and its receptor reflecting the stimulation of angiogenesis. Hypoxia also resulted in increased inflammatory mediators-including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, hypoxia initiates cerebral apoptosis as revealed by increased caspase-3 and BAX with reduced Bcl-2. These changes were associated with reduced brain levels of GABA and monoamines including noradrenaline (NADR), dopamine (DOP), and serotonin (SER). Pre-treatment with ARG and/or CAR significantly mitigated the neural changes induced by hypoxia and attenuated the elevated levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, caspase-3, and BAX, while ameliorated the reduced levels of Bcl-2, NADR, DOP, SER, and GABA, with the best improvement observed with the combination. Further elevation of the angiogenic markers was observed indicating their role in boosting oxygen delivery to brain. CONCLUSION CAR, ARG, and, importantly, their combination could effectively protect against hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity, via their angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties in addition to reversing the effect on GABA and monoamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Laila Fadda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Maysarah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Zhao G, Cheng P, Yan X, Li Y, Cheng D, Wang R, Chen J, Shen W. Nitrite accumulation during storage of tomato fruit as prevented by hydrogen gas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1651737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shennongjia Shi Zhen Water Structure Co., Ltd., Shennongjia, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Haouzi P, Sonobe T, Judenherc-Haouzi A. Hydrogen sulfide intoxication induced brain injury and methylene blue. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 133:104474. [PMID: 31103557 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) remains a chemical hazard in the gas and farming industry. It is easy to manufacture from common chemicals and thus represents a potential threat for the civilian population. It is also employed as a method of suicide, for which incidence has recently increased in the US. H2S is a mitochondrial poison and exerts its toxicity through mechanisms that are thought to result from its high affinity to various metallo-proteins (such as - but not exclusively- the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase) and interactions with cysteine residues of proteins. Ion channels with critical implications for the cardiac and the brain functions appear to be affected very early during and following H2S exposure, an effect which is rapidly reversible during a light intoxication. However, during severe H2S intoxication, a coma, associated with a reduction in cardiac contractility, develops within minutes or even seconds leading to death by complete electro-mechanical dissociation of the heart. If the level of intoxication is milder, a rapid and spontaneous recovery of the coma occurs as soon as the exposure stops. The risk, although probably very small, of developing long-term debilitating motor or cognitive deficits is present. One of the major challenges impeding our effort to offer an effective treatment against H2S intoxication after exposure is that the pool of free/soluble H2S almost immediately disappears from the body preventing agents trapping free H2S (cobalt or ferric compounds) to play their protective role. This paper (1) presents and discusses the neurological symptoms and lesions observed in various animals models and in humans following an acute exposure to sub-lethal or lethal levels of H2S, (2) reviews the potential interest of methylene blue (MB), a potent cyclic redox dye - currently used for the treatment of methemoglobinemia - which has potential rescuing effects on the mitochondrial activity, as an antidote against sulfide intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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16
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Cheung JY, Wang J, Zhang XQ, Song J, Davidyock JM, Prado FJ, Shanmughapriya S, Worth AM, Madesh M, Judenherc-Haouzi A, Haouzi P. Methylene Blue Counteracts H 2S-Induced Cardiac Ion Channel Dysfunction and ATP Reduction. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 18:407-419. [PMID: 29603116 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that methylene blue (MB) counteracts the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) cardiotoxicity by improving cardiomyocyte contractility and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis disrupted by H2S poisoning. In vivo, MB restores cardiac contractility severely depressed by sulfide and protects against arrhythmias, ranging from bundle branch block to ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. To dissect the cellular mechanisms by which MB reduces arrhythmogenesis and improves bioenergetics in myocytes intoxicated with H2S, we evaluated the effects of H2S on resting membrane potential (Em), action potential (AP), Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (INaCa), depolarization-activated K+ currents and ATP levels in adult mouse cardiac myocytes and determined whether MB could counteract the toxic effects of H2S on myocyte electrophysiology and ATP. Exposure to toxic concentrations of H2S (100 µM) significantly depolarized Em, reduced AP amplitude, prolonged AP duration at 90% repolarization (APD90), suppressed INaCa and depolarization-activated K+ currents, and reduced ATP levels in adult mouse cardiac myocytes. Treating cardiomyocytes with MB (20 µg/ml) 3 min after H2S exposure restored Em, APD90, INaCa, depolarization-activated K+ currents, and ATP levels toward normal. MB improved mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) and oxygen consumption rate in myocytes in which Complex I was blocked by rotenone. We conclude that MB ameliorated H2S-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity at multiple levels: (1) reversing excitation-contraction coupling defects (Ca2+ homeostasis and L-type Ca2+ channels); (2) reducing risks of arrhythmias (Em, APD, INaCa and depolarization-activated K+ currents); and (3) improving cellular bioenergetics (ATP, ∆ψm).
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/drug effects
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Hydrogen Sulfide/toxicity
- Ion Channels/drug effects
- Ion Channels/metabolism
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Methylene Blue/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/drug effects
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/metabolism
- Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/drug effects
- Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y Cheung
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 958, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - JuFang Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 958, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xue-Qian Zhang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 958, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jianliang Song
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 958, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - John M Davidyock
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fabian Jana Prado
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 958, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 958, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Alison M Worth
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 958, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 958, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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17
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Wang R, Chen D, Noviana M, Zhu H. Nitric oxide inhibits hypoxia-induced impairment of human RBC deformability through reducing the cross-linking of membrane protein band 3. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:305-320. [PMID: 30218451 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nitric oxide (NO) prevents the decline of RBC deformability under high altitude and other ischemic and hypoxic conditions, but the clear mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we have carried out a systematic study to find the mechanisms of NO-induced regulation of RBC deformability under hypoxia. METHODS NO levels, RBCs membrane elongation index (EI), membrane protein band 3 methemoglobin (MetHb) were determined during hypoxia (0 to 120 minutes). To validate the role of NO in regulating RBC deformability, tests were also performed with a NO donor (sodium nitroprusside) or a NO synthase inhibitor (l-nitro-arginine methylester) under 60 minutes hypoxia. RESULTS Hypoxia for 45 minutes increased NO levels from 25.65 ± 1.95 to 35.26 ± 2.01 μmol/L, and there was a plateau after 60 minutes hypoxia. The EI did not change before 45 minutes hypoxia, but decreased from 0.567 ± 0.019 to 0.409 ± 0.042 (30 Pa) after 60 minutes hypoxia. The cross-linking of band 3 and phosphotyrosine increased after 45 minutes hypoxia. All can be alleviated by supplement NO and aggregated by inhibiting NOS. However, the MetHb was not present this trend. CONCLUSION NO may prevent decreased of RBCs deformability through reducing the cross-linking of membrane band 3 under hypoxia; this helps microvascular perfusion of RBCs during ischemic and hypoxic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Milody Noviana
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Haouzi P, Gueguinou M, Sonobe T, Judenherc-Haouzi A, Tubbs N, Trebak M, Cheung J, Bouillaud F. Revisiting the physiological effects of methylene blue as a treatment of cyanide intoxication. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2018; 56:828-840. [PMID: 29451035 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1429615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although methylene blue (MB) had long been proposed to counteract the effects of cyanide (CN) intoxication, research on its mechanisms of action and efficacy has been abandoned for decades. Recent studies on the benefits of MB in post-anoxic injuries have prompted us to reexamine the relevance of this historical observation. METHODS Our study was performed in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and on HEK293T epithelial cells. First, the effects and toxicity of MB (0-80 mg/kg) on circulation and metabolism were established in four urethane-anesthetized rats. Then nine rats received a lethal infusion of a solution of KCN (0.75 mg/kg/min) and were treated by either saline or MB, at 20 mg/kg, a dose that we found to be innocuous in rat and to correspond to a dose of about 4 mg/kg in humans. MB was also administered 5 min after the end of a sub-lethal exposure to CN in a separate group of 10 rats. In addition, ATP/ADP ratio, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and cellular O2 consumption rate (OCR) were determined in HEK293T cells exposed to toxic levels of CN (200 µM for 10 min) before and after applying a solution containing MB (1-100 µM for 10 min). RESULTS Methylene blue was found to be innocuous up to 50 mg/kg. KCN infusion (0.75 mg/kg/min) killed all animals within 7-8 min. MB (20 mg/kg) administered at the same time restored blood pressure, cardiac contractility and limited O2 deficit, allowing all the animals to survive, without any significant methemoglobinemia. When administered 5 min after a non-lethal CN intoxication, MB sped up the recovery of lactate and O2 deficit. Finally, MB was able to decrease the production of ROS and restore the ATP/ADP ratio, Δψm as well as OCR of epithelial cells intoxicated by CN. CONCLUSIONS The present observations should make us consider the potential interest of MB in the treatment of CN intoxication. The mechanisms of the antidotal properties of MB cannot be accounted for by the creation of a cyanomethemoglobinemia, rather its protective effects appears to be related to the unique properties of this redox dye, which, depending on the dose, could directly oppose some of the consequences of the metabolic depression produced by CN at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Maxime Gueguinou
- b Department of Physiology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- d Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Nicole Tubbs
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- b Department of Physiology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Joseph Cheung
- c Department of Medicine , Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,e Center of Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Frederic Bouillaud
- f Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
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Mortensen A, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Di Domenico A, Dusemund B, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Lambré C, Leblanc JC, Lindtner O, Moldeus P, Mosesso P, Oskarsson A, Parent-Massin D, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Wright M, van den Brandt P, Fortes C, Merino L, Toldrà F, Arcella D, Christodoulidou A, Cortinas Abrahantes J, Barrucci F, Garcia A, Pizzo F, Battacchi D, Younes M. Re-evaluation of potassium nitrite (E 249) and sodium nitrite (E 250) as food additives. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04786. [PMID: 32625504 PMCID: PMC7009987 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of potassium nitrite (E 249) and sodium nitrite (E 250) when used as food additives. The ADIs established by the SCF (1997) and by JECFA (2002) for nitrite were 0–0.06 and 0–0.07 mg/kg bw per day, respectively. The available information did not indicate in vivo genotoxic potential for sodium and potassium nitrite. Overall, an ADI for nitrite per se could be derived from the available repeated dose toxicity studies in animals, also considering the negative carcinogenicity results. The Panel concluded that an increased methaemoglobin level, observed in human and animals, was a relevant effect for the derivation of the ADI. The Panel, using a BMD approach, derived an ADI of 0.07 mg nitrite ion/kg bw per day. The exposure to nitrite resulting from its use as food additive did not exceed this ADI for the general population, except for a slight exceedance in children at the highest percentile. The Panel assessed the endogenous formation of nitrosamines from nitrites based on the theoretical calculation of the NDMA produced upon ingestion of nitrites at the ADI and estimated a MoE > 10,000. The Panel estimated the MoE to exogenous nitrosamines in meat products to be < 10,000 in all age groups at high level exposure. Based on the results of a systematic review, it was not possible to clearly discern nitrosamines produced from the nitrite added at the authorised levels, from those found in the food matrix without addition of external nitrite. In epidemiological studies there was some evidence to link (i) dietary nitrite and gastric cancers and (ii) the combination of nitrite plus nitrate from processed meat and colorectal cancers. There was evidence to link preformed NDMA and colorectal cancers.
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Ribeiro MC, Bezerra TDS, Soares AC, Boechat-Ramos R, Carneiro FP, Vianna LMDS, Faro LRF, Silva MVD, Vieira MP, Monteiro IDO, Ferreira VM. Hippocampal and cerebellar histological changes and their behavioural repercussions caused by brain ischaemic hypoxia experimentally induced by sodium nitrite. Behav Brain Res 2017; 332:223-232. [PMID: 28606628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain ischaemic hypoxia can produce severe neurological damage that leads to behavioural disorders. This research analysed the hippocampal and cerebellar histological alterations caused by brain ischaemic hypoxia experimentally induced by sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and possible direct repercussions of this hypoxia on behaviour. METHODOLOGY An experimental study was carried out by administering 60mg/kg NaNO2 to 10 Wistar rats at 3 months of age for 15 consecutive days. Ten control rats did not receive NaNO2. To assess behavioural repercussions, the animals were evaluated in Open Field, Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM), and Forced Swim tests before and after injury to evaluate locomotion, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Markers of stress were evaluated by measuring the blood levels of cortisol, glucose, cholesterol, and lactate. The presence of hippocampal lesions was verified by histologically studying the CA1-CA4 areas. Sections of the cerebellum were also evaluated because Purkinje cells are highly sensitive to ischaemic hypoxia and may serve as markers for this process. RESULTS The number of neurons with lesions was significantly higher in animals exposed to NaNO2 in the hippocampus areas CA2, CA3, and CA4. The cerebellum was also very vulnerable to hypoxia, presenting extensive lesion áreas. These results are correlated with the parameters of the anxiety and depression tests. CONCLUSION NaNO2 promoted brain damage due to ischaemic hypoxia in rats. Intoxicated animals showed decreased brain weights; damage in hippocampus and cerebellum; and anxiogenic and depressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cláudia Ribeiro
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Aluízio Carlos Soares
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Boechat-Ramos
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Pirani Carneiro
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Rosana Ferreira Faro
- University of Vigo, Faculty of Biology, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mônica Valero da Silva
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Papa Vieira
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Vania Moraes Ferreira
- University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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21
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Patton TG, Blamer SL, Horak KE. Detecting Methemoglobinemia in Animals with a Drop of Blood. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167942. [PMID: 27930713 PMCID: PMC5145221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major concern during pesticide development and use is the impact on non-target species, such as raptors or domestic cats and dogs. Sodium nitrite and para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) are two toxicants currently being studied for the control of invasive species, such as starlings and feral swine. When given to an animal these compounds oxidize hemoglobin, which renders it unable to carry oxygen resulting in methemoglobinemia. This study developed a method to estimate methemoglobin levels in mammals and birds by examining the efficacy of sodium nitrite to induce the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Varying concentrations of sodium nitrite were added to aliquots of coyote, vole, feral swine, starling, and duck blood, collected from captive animals. The blood samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically to determine percent methemoglobin and digitally to determine red color values (RCV) associated with different methemoglobin levels. The avian and mammalian blood reached 100% methemoglobin levels at 200 mM and 15 mM sodium nitrite, respectively. All animals had similar RCV for a given percent methemoglobin. In conclusion, this study developed a procedure to quickly determine methemoglobin levels in mammals and birds. Furthermore, percent methemoglobin can be estimated with one standard curve from any animal species and an image of a blood spot. The technique will be useful during field studies, in agricultural areas, or in a veterinarian’s office for the rapid diagnosis of methemoglobinemia in non-target animals that have eaten toxicants/baits or baited animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni G. Patton
- Fertility Control Project, National Wildlife Research Center, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stephen L. Blamer
- Chemistry Laboratory Unit, National Wildlife Research Center, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Horak
- Fertility Control Project, National Wildlife Research Center, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Xiong Y, Xiong Y, Zhou S, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Ren X, Zhang Y, Zhang N. Vitamin C and E Supplements Enhance the Antioxidant Capacity of Erythrocytes Obtained from Aged Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 20:85-92. [PMID: 27346440 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C and E supplements on the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes obtained from young and aged rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats aged 3 and 24 months were used. Vitamins C and E were injected at doses of 200 mg/kg (day) intraperitoneally in young and aged groups. The antioxidant capacity, oxidant stress parameters, and deformability of red blood cells collected from different age stages were evaluated. An in vitro oxidation system was constructed to explore the mechanisms of antioxidant capacity change in the vitamin treatment groups. RESULTS Treatment with vitamins C and E can effectively restore the antioxidant capacity and deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) in aged rats. Under in vitro oxidative conditions, an age-dependent decline in the influx rate of L-cysteine was observed. This was significantly improved following treatment with vitamins C and E. CONCLUSION We present evidence of an improvement in the antioxidant capacity of RBCs by treatment with vitamins C and E in aged rats. These observations also suggest that treatment with vitamins C and E improves glutathione synthesis by enhancing the influx rate of L-cysteine through the modification of membrane proteins and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlian Xiong
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yanlei Xiong
- 2 Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Sun
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Ren
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yingfang Zhang
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Naili Zhang
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
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23
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Effect of acute hypoxic shock on the rat brain morphology and tripeptidyl peptidase I activity. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:496-504. [PMID: 27263093 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic events are known to cause substantial damage to the hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum. The impact of hypoxic shock on other brain parts is not sufficiently studied. Recent studies show that tripeptidyl peptidase I (TPPI) activity in fish is altered after a hypoxic stress pointing out at a possible enzyme involvement in response to hypoxia. Similar studies are not performed in mammals. In this work, the effect of sodium nitrite-induced acute hypoxic shock on the rat brain was studied at different post-treatment periods. Morphological changes in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, thalamus, mesencephalon and pons were assessed using silver-copper impregnation for neurodegeneration. TPPI activity was biochemically assayed and localized by enzyme histochemistry. Although less vulnerable to oxidative stress, the studied brain areas showed different histopathological changes, such as neuronal loss and tissue vacuolization, dilatation of the smallest capillaries and impairment of neuronal processes. TPPI activity was strictly regulated following the hypoxic stress. It was found to increase 12-24h post-treatment, then decreased followed by a slow process of recovery. The enzyme histochemistry revealed a temporary enzyme deficiency in all types of neurons. These findings indicate a possible involvement of the enzyme in rat brain response to hypoxic stress.
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Haouzi P, Sonobe T, Judenherc-Haouzi A. Developing effective countermeasures against acute hydrogen sulfide intoxication: challenges and limitations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1374:29-40. [PMID: 26945701 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a chemical hazard in the gas and farming industry. As it is easy to manufacture from common chemicals, it has also become a method of suicide. H2 S exerts its toxicity through its high affinity with metalloproteins, such as cytochrome c oxidase and possibly via its interactions with cysteine residues of various proteins. The latter was recently proposed to acutely alter ion channels with critical implications for cardiac and brain functions. Indeed, during severe H2 S intoxication, a coma, associated with a reduction in cardiac contractility, develops within minutes or even seconds leading to death by complete electromechanical dissociation of the heart. In addition, long-term neurological deficits can develop owing to the direct toxicity of H2 S on neurons combined with the consequences of a prolonged apnea and circulatory failure. Here, we review the challenges impeding efforts to offer an effective treatment against H2 S intoxication using agents that trap free H2 S, and present novel pharmacological approaches aimed at correcting some of the most harmful consequences of H2 S intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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25
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Ficarra S, Tellone E, Pirolli D, Russo A, Barreca D, Galtieri A, Giardina B, Gavezzotti P, Riva S, De Rosa MC. Insights into the properties of the two enantiomers of trans-δ-viniferin, a resveratrol derivative: antioxidant activity, biochemical and molecular modeling studies of its interactions with hemoglobin. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1276-86. [PMID: 26883599 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00897b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is widely known as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule. The present study first reports the effects of trans-δ-viniferin (TVN), a dimer of resveratrol, on human erythrocytes. The antioxidant activity of TVN was tested using in vitro model systems such as hydroxy radical scavenging, DPPH and lipid peroxidation. In addition we have examined the influence of the 15R,22R- and 15S,22S-enantiomers (abbreviated R,R-TVN, and S,S-TVN, respectively) on anion transport, ATP release, caspase 3 activation. Given that hemoglobin (Hb) redox reactions are the major source of RBC oxidative stress, we also explored the effects of TVN on hemoglobin function. TVN showed moderate antioxidant properties and good protective activity from hemoglobin oxidation. Potential binding sites of R,R-TVN and S,S-TVN with oxy- and deoxy-Hb were also investigated through an extensive in silico docking approach and molecular dynamics calculations. The whole molecular modeling studies indicate that binding of R,R-TVN and S,S-TVN to Hb lacks of specific ligand-target interactions. This is the first report on the biological activity of the individual enantiomers of a resveratrol-related dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Ficarra
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche e ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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26
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Nanoparticles of perfluorocarbon emulsion contribute to the reduction of methemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin. Int J Pharm 2015; 497:88-95. [PMID: 26626224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that methemoglobin is converted to oxyhemoglobin in the presence of perfluorocarbon (PFС) emulsion. Methemoglobin in blood at the level of above 30% can cause severe complications and lethal outcome. Some pharm chemicals in blood in vivo and in vitro can lead to oxidation of iron, Fe(2+)→Fe(3+), and to increased level of methemoglobin. The oxidized heme is not able to carry oxygen, hypoxia arises and irreversible changes are developing in vital organs. We added NaNO2 solution in different concentrations to blood in vitro in order to yield methemoglobin. Then the suspension of PFC nanoparticles was added. As methemoglobin interacted with PFC nanoparticles the optical density of peaks typical for oxyhemoglobin increased and spectral peak of methemoglobin decreased. The greater the concentration of PFC and the more was the incubation time, the more efficient was the process of reduction of methemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin. We proved experimentally that with an initial concentration of methemoglobin in average 95% the addition of nanoparticles of PFC decreases its concentration to 9% in average. At the same time the concentration of oxyhemoglobin increased in average from 5% to 81%.
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27
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Atanasova DY, Lazarov NE. Morphological changes in the rat carotid body following acute sodium nitrite treatment. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 221:11-8. [PMID: 26528896 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The carotid body (CB) is a small neural crest-derived chemosensory organ that detects the chemical composition of the arterial blood and responds to its changes by regulating breathing. The effects of acute nitrite treatment on the CB morphology in rats were examined by morphometry. We found that 1h after administrating a single dose of sodium nitrite, the CB underwent structural changes characterized by a prominent increase in its size with a marked, several-fold dilation of the blood vessels. The obvious CB enlargement mostly due to apparent vasodilation and glomus cell hypertrophy was at its highest one day later and persisted until the fifth day. 20 days after the treatment, the CB regained its size to the normoxic control state. Morphometric analysis revealed that the CB size increase in treated animals is statistically significant when compared to that of untreated controls. It can be inferred that the nitrite-exposed CB displays remarkable structural plasticity and enlarges its size mostly through vascular expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrinka Y Atanasova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai E Lazarov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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28
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Boletus edulis Nitrite Reductase Reduces Nitrite Content of Pickles and Mitigates Intoxication in Nitrite-intoxicated Mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14907. [PMID: 26446494 PMCID: PMC4597360 DOI: 10.1038/srep14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pickles are popular in China and exhibits health-promoting effects. However, nitrite produced during fermentation adversely affects health due to formation of methemoglobin and conversion to carcinogenic nitrosamine. Fruiting bodies of the mushroom Boletus edulis were capable of inhibiting nitrite production during pickle fermentation. A 90-kDa nitrite reductase (NiR), demonstrating peptide sequence homology to fungal nitrite reductase, was isolated from B. edulis fruiting bodies. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme was 45 °C and 6.8, respectively. B. edulis NiR was capable of prolonging the lifespan of nitrite-intoxicated mice, indicating that it had the action of an antidote. The enzyme could also eliminate nitrite from blood after intragastric administration of sodium nitrite, and after packaging into capsule, this nitrite-eliminating activity could persist for at least 120 minutes thus avoiding immediate gastric degradation. B. edulis NiR represents the first nitrite reductase purified from mushrooms and may facilitate subsequent applications.
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29
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Sonobe T, Chenuel B, Cooper TK, Haouzi P. Immediate and Long-Term Outcome of Acute H2S Intoxication Induced Coma in Unanesthetized Rats: Effects of Methylene Blue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131340. [PMID: 26115032 PMCID: PMC4482667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poisoning produces a coma, the outcome of which ranges from full recovery to severe neurological deficits. The aim of our study was to 1--describe the immediate and long-term neurological effects following H2S-induced coma in un-anesthetized rats, and 2--determine the potential benefit of methylene blue (MB), a compound we previously found to counteract acute sulfide cardiac toxicity. METHODS NaHS was administered IP in un-sedated rats to produce a coma (n = 34). One minute into coma, the rats received MB (4 mg/kg i.v.) or saline. The surviving rats were followed clinically and assigned to Morris water maze (MWM) and open field testing then sacrificed at day 7. RESULTS Sixty percent of the non-treated comatose rats died by pulseless electrical activity. Nine percent recovered with neurological deficits requiring euthanasia, their brain examination revealed major neuronal necrosis of the superficial and middle layers of the cerebral cortex and the posterior thalamus, with variable necrosis of the caudate putamen, but no lesions of the hippocampus or the cerebellum, in contrast to the typical distribution of post-ischemic lesions. The remaining animals displayed, on average, a significantly less effective search strategy than the control rats (n = 21) during MWM testing. Meanwhile, 75% of rats that received MB survived and could perform the MWM test (P<0.05 vs non-treated animals). The treated animals displayed a significantly higher occurrence of spatial search than the non-treated animals. However, a similar proportion of cortical necrosis was observed in both groups, with a milder clinical presentation following MB. CONCLUSION In conclusion, in rats surviving H2S induced coma, spatial search patterns were used less frequently than in control animals. A small percentage of rats presented necrotic neuronal lesions, which distribution differed from post-ischemic lesions. MB dramatically improved the immediate survival and spatial search strategy in the surviving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sonobe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Bruno Chenuel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Timothy K. Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Philippe Haouzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Tang M, Zhou Y, Zhang R, Wang LV. Noninvasive photoacoustic microscopy of methemoglobin in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:036007. [PMID: 25760655 PMCID: PMC4356553 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.3.036007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to the various causes of methemoglobinemia and its potential to be confused with other diseases, in vivo measurements of methemoglobin have significant applications in the clinic. Using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), we quantified the average and the distributed percentage of methemoglobin both in vitro and in vivo. Based on the absorption spectra of methemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin, three wavelengths were chosen to differentiate methemoglobin from the others. The methemoglobin concentrations calculated from the photoacoustic signals agreed well with the preset concentrations. Then we imaged the methemoglobin percentage in microtubes that mimicked blood vessels. Average percentages calculated for five samples with different methemoglobin concentrations also agreed well with the preset values. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of PAM to detect methemoglobin in vivo in a mouse ear. Our results show that PAM can quantitatively image methemoglobin distribution in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yong Zhou
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Chenuel B, Sonobe T, Haouzi P. Effects of infusion of human methemoglobin solution following hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2015; 53:93-101. [PMID: 25634666 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2014.996570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We have recently reported that infusion of a solution containing methemoglobin (MetHb) during exposure to hydrogen sulfide results in a rapid and large decrease in the concentration of the pool of soluble/diffusible H2S in the blood. However, since the pool of dissolved H2S disappears very quickly after H2S exposure, it is unclear if the ability of MetHb to "trap" sulfide in the blood has any clinical interest and relevance in the treatment of sulfide poisoning. METHODS In anesthetized rats, repetition of short bouts of high level of H2S infusions was applied to allow the rapid development of an oxygen deficit. A solution containing MetHb (600 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered 1 min and a half after the end of H2S intoxication. RESULTS The injection of MetHb solution increased methemoglobinemia to about 6%, almost instantly, but was unable to affect the blood concentration of soluble H2S, which had already vanished at the time of infusion, or to increase combined H2S. In addition, H2S-induced O2 deficit and lactate production as well as the recovery of carotid blood flow and blood pressure were similar in treated and control animals. CONCLUSION Our results do not support the view that administration of MetHb or drugs-induced methemoglobinemia during the recovery phase following severe H2S intoxication in sedated rats can restore cellular oxidative metabolism, as the pool of diffusible sulfide, accessible to MetHb, disappears rapidly from the blood after H2S exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chenuel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
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Zhu MF, Ye XP, Huang YY, Guo ZY, Zhuang ZF, Liu SH. Detection of methemoglobin in whole blood based on confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistical techniques. SCANNING 2014; 36:471-478. [PMID: 24729434 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has been shown to have the potential for revealing oxygenated and spin ability of hemoglobin. In this study, confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy is developed to monitor the effect of sodium nitrite on oxyhemoglobin (HbO2 ) in whole blood. We observe that the band at 1,638 cm(-1) which is sensitive to the oxidation state decreases dramatically, while the 1,586 cm(-1) (low-spin state band) reduces both in methemoglobin (MetHb) and poisoning blood. Our results show that adding in sodium nitrite lead to the transition from HbO2 (Fe(2+) ) to MetHb (Fe(3+) ) in whole blood, and the iron atom converts from the low spin state to the high spin state with a delocalization from porphyrin plane. Moreover, multivariate statistical techniques, including principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are employed to develop effective diagnostic algorithms for classification of spectra between pure blood and poisoning blood. The diagnostic algorithms based on PCA-LDA yield a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100% for separating poisoning blood from normal blood. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve further confirms the effectiveness of the diagnostic algorithm based on PCA-LDA technique. The results from this study demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy combined with PCA-LDA algorithms has tremendous potential for the non-invasive detection of nitrite poisoning blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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33
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Haouzi P, Sonobe T, Torsell-Tubbs N, Prokopczyk B, Chenuel B, Klingerman CM. In vivo interactions between cobalt or ferric compounds and the pools of sulphide in the blood during and after H2S poisoning. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:493-504. [PMID: 25015662 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a chemical hazard in oil and gas production, has recently become a dreadful method of suicide, posing specific risks and challenges for the first responders. Currently, there is no proven effective treatment against H2S poisoning and its severe neurological, respiratory or cardiac after-effects. We have recently described that H2S is present in various compartments, or pools, in the body during sulphide exposure, which have different levels of toxicity. The general goals of our study were to (1) determine the concentrations and kinetics of the various pools of hydrogen sulphide in the blood, i.e., gaseous (CgH2S) versus total sulphide, i.e., reacting with monobromobimane (CMBBH2S), during and following H2S exposure in a small and large mammal and (2) establish the interaction between the pools of H2S and a methemoglobin (MetHb) solution or a high dose of hydroxocobalamin (HyCo). We found that CgH2S during and following H2S infusion was similar in sedated sheep and rats at any given rate of infusion/kg and provoked symptoms, i.e., hyperpnea and apnea, at the same CgH2S. After H2S administration was stopped, CgH2S disappeared within 1 min. CMBBH2S also dropped to 2-3μM, but remained above baseline levels for at least 30 min. Infusion of a MetHb solution during H2S infusion produced an immediate reduction in the free/soluble pool of H2S only, whereas CMBBH2S increased by severalfold. HyCo (70 mg/kg) also decreased the concentrations of free/soluble H2S to almost zero; CgH2S returned to pre-HyCo levels within a maximum of 20 min, if H2S infusion is maintained. These results are discussed in the context of a relevant scenario, wherein antidotes can only be administered after H2S exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nicole Torsell-Tubbs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Bogdan Prokopczyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Bruno Chenuel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Candice M Klingerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 Department of Biological and Allied Health Sciences, Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA 17815
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Sherif IO, Al-Gayyar MM. Cod liver oil in sodium nitrite induced hepatic injury: does it have a potential protective effect? Redox Rep 2014; 20:11-6. [PMID: 24945989 DOI: 10.1179/1351000214y.0000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to sodium nitrites, a food additive, at high levels has been reported to produce reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that cause dysregulation of inflammatory responses and tissue injury. In this work, we examined the impact of dietary cod liver oil on sodium nitrite-induced inflammation in rats. METHODS Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawely rats were treated with 80 mg/kg sodium nitrite in presence/absence of 5 ml/kg cod liver oil. Liver sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin. We measured hepatic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL)-1β, C-reactive protein (CRP), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and caspase-3. RESULTS Cod liver oil reduced sodium nitrite-induced hepatocyte damage. In addition, cod liver oil results in reduction of hepatic TNF-α, IL-1β, CRP, TGF-β1, and caspase-3 when compared with the sodium nitrite group. DISCUSSION Cod liver oil ameliorates sodium nitrite-induced hepatic injury via multiple mechanisms including blocking sodium nitrite-induced elevation of inflammatory cytokines, fibrosis mediators, and apoptosis markers.
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Almac E, Bezemer R, Hilarius-Stokman PM, Goedhart P, de Korte D, Verhoeven AJ, Ince C. Red blood cell storage increases hypoxia-induced nitric oxide bioavailability and methemoglobin formation in vitro and in vivo. Transfusion 2014; 54:3178-85. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Almac
- Department of Translational Physiology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein; Nieuwegein the Netherlands
| | - Rick Bezemer
- Department of Translational Physiology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Goedhart
- Department of Translational Physiology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Department of Blood Cell Research; Sanquin Research; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Arthur J. Verhoeven
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Abstract
Some eukaryotes, such as plant and fungi, are capable of utilizing nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Once transported into the cell, nitrate is reduced to ammonium by the consecutive action of nitrate and nitrite reductase. How nitrate assimilation is balanced with nitrate and nitrite efflux is unknown, as are the proteins involved. The nitrate assimilatory yeast Hansenula polymorpha was used as a model to dissect these efflux systems. We identified the sulfite transporters Ssu1 and Ssu2 as effective nitrate exporters, Ssu2 being quantitatively more important, and we characterize the Nar1 protein as a nitrate/nitrite exporter. The use of strains lacking either SSU2 or NAR1 along with the nitrate reductase gene YNR1 showed that nitrate reductase activity is not required for net nitrate uptake. Growth test experiments indicated that Ssu2 and Nar1 exporters allow yeast to cope with nitrite toxicity. We also have shown that the well-known Saccharomyces cerevisiae sulfite efflux permease Ssu1 is also able to excrete nitrite and nitrate. These results characterize for the first time essential components of the nitrate/nitrite efflux system and their impact on net nitrate uptake and its regulation.
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Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model of NO Metabolome and Methemoglobin Following Long-Term Infusion of Sodium Nitrite in Humans. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 2:e60. [PMID: 23903463 PMCID: PMC3731826 DOI: 10.1038/psp.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A long-term sodium nitrite infusion is intended for the treatment of vascular disorders. Phase I data demonstrated a significant nonlinear dose-exposure-toxicity relationship within the therapeutic dosage range. This study aims to develop a quantitative systems pharmacology model characterizing nitric oxide (NO) metabolome and methemoglobin after sodium nitrite infusion. Nitrite, nitrate, and methemoglobin concentration–time profiles in plasma and RBC were used for model development. Following intravenous sodium nitrite administration, nitrite undergoes conversion in RBC and tissue. Nitrite sequestered by RBC interacts more extensively with deoxyhemoglobin, which contributes greatly to methemoglobin formation. Methemoglobin is formed less-than-proportionally at higher nitrite doses as characterized with facilitated methemoglobin removal. Nitrate-to-nitrite reduction occurs in tissue and via entero-salivary recirculation. The less-than-proportional increase in nitrite and nitrate exposure at higher nitrite doses is modeled with a dose-dependent increase in clearance. The model provides direct insight into NO metabolome disposition and is valuable for nitrite dosing selection in clinical trials.
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Xiong Y, Li Y, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Tang F, Wang X. Cluster of erythrocyte band 3: a potential molecular target of exhaustive exercise-induced dysfunction of erythrocyte deformability. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:1127-34. [PMID: 24289085 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the effect of exhaustive exercise on erythrocyte band 3 (SLC4A1; EB3). The association between the alterations of EB3 and red blood cell (RBC) deformability induced by exercise-induced dysfunction has been investigated. Rats were divided among 2 groups: (i) control (C), and (ii) exercise exhausted (E). RBC deformability was investigated in the rats in the exhaustive exercise and control groups. Erythrocytes from the control and exercise-exhausted groups were evaluated for the expression of erythrocyte band 3 through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies. Exhaustive exercise led to significant increments in the levels of clustering of erythrocyte band 3 along with the conjugation of membrane proteins to form high-molecular-weight complexes (P < 0.05). Under shear stresses, RBC deformability was found to decline significantly in the exhaustive exercise groups compared with the control group. These data suggest that the RBC dysfunction observed during exercise-induced oxidative stress could be associated with alterations in the structure and function of erythrocyte band 3, which in turn leads to dysfunction in the rheological properties of RBCs. These results provide further insight into erythrocyte damage induced by exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
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Wuertz S, Schulze SGE, Eberhardt U, Schulz C, Schroeder JP. Acute and chronic nitrite toxicity in juvenile pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) and its compensation by chloride. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:352-60. [PMID: 23318298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pike-perch Sander lucioperca is currently considered as one of the most promising candidates for production in freshwater recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS). Here, due to the lack of studies on nitrite (NO(2)(-)) toxicity in pike-perch, a flow-through exposure at 0, 0.44, 0.88, 1.75, 3.5, 7, 14 and 28 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N was carried out to determine the acute and chronic toxicity over a period of 32 days. In juvenile pike-perch, 120 h LC(50) was 6.1mg/L NO(2)(-)-N and at ≥14 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N all fish had died within 24 h. Chronic exposure revealed a significant build up of NO(2)(-) in the plasma as well as in the muscles at ≥0.44 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N peaking in fish exposed to the highest concentration of 3.5 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N after 32 days. Still, due to high individual variation methemoglobin (MetHb) was only significantly increased (p<0.01) at 3.5 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N. No adverse effects on red blood cells (RBC) and hematocrit were observed in any of the treatments. In a second experiment, compensation of NO(2)(-) toxicity at increasing chloride concentrations (40 (freshwater), 65, 90, 140, 240, 440 mg/L Cl(-)) was observed at a constant exposure of 10 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N for 42 days. At ≥240 mg/L Cl(-), NO(2)(-) build-up in blood plasma and muscle was completely inhibited. At lower Cl(-) concentrations (≤140 mg/L), NO(2)(-) was significantly increased in plasma, but only insignificantly elevated in muscle due to high individual variation. MetHb was increased significantly difference only at 40 mg/L Cl(-) (freshwater control) compared to the control. Again, high individual variations were observed. As a conclusion, S. lucioperca is moderately sensitive towards NO(2)(-) and acceptable levels in RAS should hence not exceed 1.75 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N to avoid MetHb formation. However, based on the 120 h LC(50) and a factor of 0.01 according to Sprague (1971), a NO(2)(-) concentration of ≤0.061 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N is considered as "safe." Thereby, no NO(2)(-) should accumulate in the plasma or muscle tissue during chronic exposure. For 10 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N, ≥240 mg/L chloride compensates for NO(2)(-) uptake in plasma and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wuertz
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
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Van de Louw A, Haouzi P. Inhibitory effects of hyperoxia and methemoglobinemia on H(2)S induced ventilatory stimulation in the rat. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 181:326-34. [PMID: 22490362 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify, using in vitro and in vivo approaches in the rat, the site of mediation of the inhibition of H(2)S induced arterial chemoreceptor stimulation, by hyperoxia and methemoglobinemia. We first determined the ventilatory dose-response curves during intravenous injections of H(2)S. A very high dose of NaHS, i.e. 0.4 μmol (concentration: 800 μM), was needed to stimulate breathing within 1s following i.v. injection. Above this level (and up to 2.4 μmol, with a concentration of 4800 μM), a dose-dependent effect of H(2)S injection was observed. NaHS injection into the thoracic aorta produced the same effect, suggesting that within one circulatory time, H(2)S pulmonary exchange does not dramatically reduce H(2)S concentrations in the arterial blood. The ventilatory response to H(2)S was abolished in the presence of MetHb (12.8%) and was significantly depressed in hyperoxia and, surprisingly, in 10% hypoxia. MetHb per se did not affect the ventilatory response to hypoxia or hyperoxia, but dramatically enhanced the oxidation of H(2)S in vitro, with very fast kinetics. These findings suggest that, the decrease/oxidation of exogenous H(2)S in the blood is the primary effect of MetHb in vivo. In contrast, the in vitro oxidative properties of blood for H(2)S were not affected by the level of [Formula: see text] between 23 and >760 mmHg. This suggests that the inhibition of the ventilatory response to H(2)S by hyperoxia during aortic or venous injection originates within the CB and not in the blood. The implications of these results on the role of endogenous H(2)S in the arterial chemoreflex are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andry Van de Louw
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PO Box 850, MC H047, PA 17033-0850, USA
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Shugalei IV, Tselinskii IV, Kapitonenko ZV. Kinetics and mechanism of hemoglobin oxidation by nitroethane. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036321203022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yi J, Thomas LM, Musayev FN, Safo MK, Richter-Addo GB. Crystallographic trapping of heme loss intermediates during the nitrite-induced degradation of human hemoglobin. Biochemistry 2011; 50:8323-32. [PMID: 21863786 DOI: 10.1021/bi2009322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heme is an important cofactor in a large number of essential proteins and is often involved in small molecule binding and activation. Loss of heme from proteins thus negatively affects the function of these proteins but is also an important component of iron recycling. The characterization of intermediates that form during the loss of heme from proteins has been problematic, in a large part, because of the instability of such intermediates. We have characterized, by X-ray crystallography, three compounds that form during the nitrite-induced degradation of human α(2)β(2) hemoglobin (Hb). The first is an unprecedented complex that exhibits a large β heme displacement of 4.8 Å toward the protein exterior; the heme displacement is stabilized by the binding of the distal His residue to the heme Fe, which in turn allows for the unusual binding of an exogenous ligand on the proximal face of the heme. We have also structurally characterized complexes that display regiospecific nitration of the heme at the 2-vinyl position; we show that heme nitration is not a prerequisite for heme loss. Our results provide structural insight into a possible pathway for nitrite-induced loss of heme from human Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.
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44
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Kevil CG, Kolluru GK, Pattillo CB, Giordano T. Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:576-93. [PMID: 21619929 PMCID: PMC4414241 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, investigators studying nitric oxide (NO) biology and metabolism have come to learn that the one-electron oxidation product of NO, nitrite anion, serves as a unique player in modulating tissue NO bioavailability. Numerous studies have examined how this oxidized metabolite of NO can act as a salvage pathway for maintaining NO equivalents through multiple reduction mechanisms in permissive tissue environments. Moreover, it is now clear that nitrite anion production and distribution throughout the body can act in an endocrine manner to augment NO bioavailability, which is important for physiological and pathological processes. These discoveries have led to renewed hope and efforts for an effective NO-based therapeutic agent through the unique action of sodium nitrite as an NO prodrug. More recent studies also indicate that sodium nitrate may also increase plasma nitrite levels via the enterosalivary circulatory system resulting in nitrate reduction to nitrite by microorganisms found within the oral cavity. In this review, we discuss the importance of nitrite anion in several disease models along with an appraisal of sodium nitrite therapy in the clinic, potential caveats of such clinical uses, and future possibilities for nitrite-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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45
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Haouzi P, Bell H, Philmon M. Hydrogen sulfide oxidation and the arterial chemoreflex: effect of methemoglobin. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 177:273-83. [PMID: 21569867 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous H(2)S has been proposed to transduce the effects of hypoxia in the carotid bodies (CB). To test this hypothesis, we created a sink for endogenously produced H(2)S by inducing ∼10% methemoglobinemia via the injection of 250 mg of sodium nitrite in spontaneously breathing anaesthetized sheep. Methemoglobinemia has been shown to catalyze the oxidation of large quantities of sulfide in the blood and tissues. We found that the presence of metHb completely abolished the ventilatory stimulation induced by 10 mg NaHS (i.v.), which in control conditions mimicked the effects of breathing 6-7 tidal volumes of nitrogen, confirming the dramatic increase in the oxidative power of the blood for sulfide. The ventilatory responses to hypoxia (10% O(2)), nitrogen and hyperoxia were in no way depressed by the metHb. Our results demonstrate that the ventilatory chemoreflex is not depressed in the presence of a high oxidative capacity for sulfide and challenge the view that H(2)S transduces the effects of hypoxia in the CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Penn State Milton Hershey Medical Centre, Hershey, PA, USA.
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46
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Santos RM, Lourenço CF, Pomerleau F, Huettl P, Gerhardt GA, Laranjinha J, Barbosa RM. Brain nitric oxide inactivation is governed by the vasculature. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:1011-21. [PMID: 20712398 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying nitric oxide ((•)NO) synthesis and inactivation in the brain are essential determinants of (•)NO neuroactivity. Although (•)NO production is well characterized, the pathways of inactivation in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we characterize the kinetics and the major mechanism of (•)NO inactivation in the rat brain cortex and hippocampus in vivo by measuring locally applied (•)NO with carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) and ceramic-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs). An apparent first-order clearance was observed in both brain regions, with decay rate constants (k) of (•)NO signals of 0.67 to 0.84 per second, significantly higher than the k obtained in agarose gel (0.099 per second), used as a (•)NO diffusion-control medium. (•)NO half-life in vivo, estimated by mathematical modeling, was 0.42 to 0.75 s. Experiments using MEAs support that the (•)NO diffusion radius is heterogeneous and related to local metabolic activity and vascular density. After global ischemia, k decreased to control values of diffusion in gel, but during anoxia, k decreased only 21%. Additionally, k in brain slices was threefold to fivefold lower than that in vivo, and hemorrhagic shock induced a 53% decrease in k. Overall, the results support that (•)NO scavenging by circulating erythrocytes constitutes the major (•)NO-inactivation pathway in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Coimbra, Portugal
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Matte A, Low PS, Turrini F, Bertoldi M, Campanella ME, Spano D, Pantaleo A, Siciliano A, De Franceschi L. Peroxiredoxin-2 expression is increased in beta-thalassemic mouse red cells but is displaced from the membrane as a marker of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:457-66. [PMID: 20488244 PMCID: PMC3395234 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), the third most abundant cytoplasmic protein in red blood cells (RBCs), is involved in the defense against oxidative stress. Although much is known about Prx2 in healthy RBCs, its role in pathological RBCs remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that the expression and net content of Prx2 are markedly increased in RBCs from two mouse models of beta-thalassemia (beta-thal; Hbb(th/th) and Hbb(th3/+) strains). We also demonstrate that the increased expression of Prx2 correlates with the severity of the disease and that the amount of Prx2 bound to the membrane is markedly reduced in beta-thal mouse RBCs. To explore the impact of oxidative stress on Prx2 membrane association, we examined Prx2 dimerization and membrane translocation in murine RBCs exposed to various oxidants (phenylhydrazine, PHZ; diamide; H(2)O(2)). PHZ-treated RBCs, which mimic the membrane damage in beta-thal RBCs, exhibited a kinetic correlation among Prx2 membrane displacement, intracellular methemoglobin levels, and hemichrome membrane association, suggesting the possible masking of Prx2 docking sites by membrane-bound hemichromes, providing a possible mechanism for the accumulation of oxidized/dimerized Prx2 in the cytoplasm and the increased membrane damage in beta-thal RBCs. Thus, reduced access of Prx2 to the membrane in beta-thal RBCs represents a new factor that could contribute to the oxidative damage characterizing the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Matte
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Philip S. Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Franco Turrini
- Section of Medical Chemistry, Department of Genetic, Biology, and Medical Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Morphological–Biomedical Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Spano
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, and CEINGE–Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Nurex srl, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Siciliano
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Corresponding author. Fax: +390458027473. (L. De Franceschi)
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Abdel Baky NA, Zaidi ZF, Fatani AJ, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Yaqub H. Nitric oxide pros and cons: The role of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, and idebenone, a coenzyme-Q analogue in ameliorating cerebral hypoxia in rat. Brain Res Bull 2010; 83:49-56. [PMID: 20637840 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence exists that nitric oxide (NO) may mediate both protective and pathological responses during brain hypoxia (HP). Reactive oxygen species have also been implicated in the pathophysiological response of the brain tissues to HP. Therefore, this study investigated whether a NO precursor, l-arginine (l-arg), a free radical scavenger, idebenone (ID), and their combination would reduce neurological injury resulting from hemic hypoxia (HP) in rats. Adult male Wistar albino rats were injected with sodium nitrite (60 mg/kg, s.c.) to establish hemic hypoxia. ID (100 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and/or l-arg (100 mg kg(-1), i.p.) were administrated 24 and 1h prior to sodium nitrite intoxication, respectively. Hypoxia significantly decreased hemoglobin concentration, while significantly increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), total nitrate/nitrite, sialic, and uric acids concentrations. Moreover, brain lipid peroxides were significantly enhanced, while reduced glutathione, l-ascorbic acids, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents, and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, were significantly reduced in the brain tissue. Pretreatment with either ID or l-arg altered the majority of the above-mentioned biochemical changes in hypoxic rats. Additionally, the combination of these two agents significantly reduced injury marker enzyme activities as well as serum sialic, and uric acids level (P>0.05 vs. control). Moreover, this combination exerted a synergistic antioxidant effect by blocking the induction of lipid peroxidation, preserving brain energy (ATP) content, and greatly reducing the hypoxic alterations in brain enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Histopathological examination of the brain tissue supported these biochemical findings. This study showed that ID and l-arg were capable of reducing neurological injury following HP in rat, and support the idea of the usefulness of l-arg and ID as prophylaxis from hypoxic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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49
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Rodríguez-Estival J, Martínez-Haro M, Martín-Hernando MAP, Mateo R. Sub-chronic effects of nitrate in drinking water on red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa): oxidative stress and T-cell mediated immune function. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 110:469-475. [PMID: 20382380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of nitrates on birds, we have exposed captive red-legged partridges to nitrates concentrations of 0 (control), 100 (dwell water in farming areas) or 500 mg/l (fertirrigation level). The cellular immune response, plasma biochemistry, methemoglobin concentration (metHb), and oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and tissues were studied after two weeks of exposure. Several blood parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and magnesium level decreased with nitrate exposure, whereas alkaline phosphatase activity and creatinine level increased. The oxidant effect of nitrates was evidenced by the increase in blood metHb, accompanied by the lipid peroxidation of red blood cells, the increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSH) in liver, and the generation of oxidative DNA damage in plasma lymphocytes. GSH in erythrocytes was negatively correlated with blood metHb. The cellular immune function was slightly lower at partridges exposed to nitrates. These results suggest that adverse effects of nitrates on birds occur at concentrations potentially present in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Rodríguez-Estival
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Hassan HA, Hafez HS, Zeghebar FE. Garlic oil as a modulating agent for oxidative stress and neurotoxicity induced by sodium nitrite in male albino rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1980-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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