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Lehmann A, Geburek I, Hessel-Pras S, Enge AM, Mielke H, Müller-Graf C, Kloft C, Hethey C. PBTK model-based analysis of CYP3A4 induction and the toxicokinetics of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine in man. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1757-1769. [PMID: 38528153 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 induction by drugs and pesticides plays a critical role in the enhancement of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) toxicity as it leads to increased formation of hepatotoxic dehydro-PA metabolites. Addressing the need for a quantitative analysis of this interaction, we developed a physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model. Specifically, the model describes the impact of the well-characterized CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin on the kinetics of retrorsine, which is a prototypic PA and contaminant in herbal teas. Based on consumption data, the kinetics after daily intake of retrorsine were simulated with concomitant rifampicin treatment. Strongest impact on retrorsine kinetics (plasma AUC24 and C max reduced to 67% and 74% compared to the rifampicin-free reference) was predicted directly after withdrawal of rifampicin. At this time point, the competitive inhibitory effect of rifampicin stopped, while CYP3A4 induction was still near its maximum. Due to the impacted metabolism kinetics, the cumulative formation of intestinal retrorsine CYP3A4 metabolites increased to 254% (from 10 to 25 nmol), while the cumulative formation of hepatic CYP3A4 metabolites was not affected (57 nmol). Return to baseline PA toxicokinetics was predicted 14 days after stop of a 14-day rifampicin treatment. In conclusion, the PBTK model showed to be a promising tool to assess the dynamic interplay of enzyme induction and toxification pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lehmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Geburek
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hessel-Pras
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Margarethe Enge
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Mielke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Müller-Graf
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hethey
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Peter JU, Dieudonné P, Zolk O. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Side Effects of Midazolam: A Review and Case Example. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:473. [PMID: 38675433 PMCID: PMC11054797 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, is widely used to alleviate patient anxiety, enhance compliance, and aid in anesthesia. While its side effects are typically dose-dependent and manageable with vigilant perioperative monitoring, serious cardiorespiratory complications, including fatalities and permanent neurological impairment, have been documented. Prolonged exposure to benzodiazepines, such as midazolam, has been associated with neurological changes in infants. Despite attempts to employ therapeutic drug monitoring for optimal sedation dosing, its efficacy has been limited. Consequently, efforts are underway to identify alternative predictive markers to guide individualized dosing and mitigate adverse effects. Understanding these factors is crucial for determining midazolam's suitability for future administration, particularly after a severe adverse reaction. This article aims to elucidate the factors influencing midazolam's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, potentially leading to adverse events. Finally, a case study is presented to exemplify the complex investigation into the causative factors of midazolam-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Uwe Peter
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany;
| | - Peter Dieudonné
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Zolk
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg Medical School, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Germany;
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Wei W, Tang LWT, Verma RK, Fan H, Chan ECY. Probe Substrate Dependencies in CYP3A4 Allosteric Inhibition: A Novel Molecular Mechanism Involving F-F' Loop Perturbations. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:2058-2067. [PMID: 38457234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The biochemical basis for substrate dependences in apparent inhibition constant values (Ki) remains unknown. Our study aims to elucidate plausible structural determinants underpinning these observations. In vitro steady-state inhibition assays conducted using human recombinant CYP3A4 enzyme and testosterone substrate revealed that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors erdafitinib and pemigatinib noncompetitively inhibited CYP3A4 with apparent Ki values of 10.2 ± 1.1 and 3.3 ± 0.9 μM, respectively. However, when rivaroxaban was adopted as the probe substrate, there were 2.0- and 3.2-fold decreases in its apparent Ki values. To glean mechanistic insights into this phenomenon, erdafitinib and pemigatinib were docked to allosteric sites in CYP3A4. Subsequently, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of apo- and holo-CYP3A4 were conducted to investigate the structural changes induced. Comparative structural analyses of representative MD frames extracted by hierarchical clustering revealed that the allosteric inhibition of CYP3A4 by erdafitinib and pemigatinib did not substantially modulate its active site characteristics. In contrast, we discovered that allosteric binding of the FGFR inhibitors reduces the structural flexibility of the F-F' loop region, an important gating mechanism to regulate access of the substrate to the catalytic heme. We surmised that the increased rigidity of the F-F' loop engenders a more constrained entrance to the CYP3A4 active site, which in turn impedes access to the larger rivaroxaban molecule to a greater extent than testosterone and culminates in more potent inhibition of its CYP3A4-mediated metabolism. Our findings suggest a potential mechanism to rationalize probe substrate dependencies in Ki arising from the allosteric noncompetitive inhibition of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wei
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, 138671 Singapore
| | - Lloyd Wei Tat Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, 138671 Singapore
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, 138671 Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore
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Wang C, Cheng B, Wei W, Gui L, Zeng W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Q, Xu L, Miao J, Lan K. Comparison of 1Beta- and 5Beta-hydroxylation of Deoxycholate and Glycodeoxycholate as In Vitro Index Reactions for Cytochrome P450 3A Activities. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:126-134. [PMID: 38050044 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) participates in the metabolism of more than 30% of clinical drugs. The vast intra- and inter-individual variations in CYP3A activity pose great challenges to drug development and personalized medicine. It has been disclosed that human CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 are exclusively responsible for the tertiary oxidations of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) regioselectivity at C-1β and C-5β This work aimed to compare the 1β- and 5β-hydroxylation of DCA and GDCA as potential in vitro CYP3A index reactions in both human liver microsomes and recombinant P450 enzymes. The results demonstrated that the metabolic activity of DCA 1β- and 5β-hydroxylation was 5-10 times higher than that of GDCA, suggesting that 1β-hydroxyglycodeoxycholic acid and 5β-hydroxyglycodeoxycholic acid may originate from DCA oxidation followed by conjugation in humans. Metabolic phenotyping data revealed that DCA 1β-hydroxylation, DCA 5β-hydroxylation, and GDCA 5β-hydroxylation were predominantly catalyzed by CYP3A4 (>80%), while GDCA 1β-hydroxylation had approximately equal contributions from CYP3A4 (41%) and 3A7 (58%). Robust Pearson correlation was established for the intrinsic clearance of DCA 1β- and 5β-hydroxylation with midazolam (MDZ) 1'- and 4-hydroxylation in fourteen single donor microsomes. Although DCA 5β-hydroxylation exhibited a stronger correlation with MDZ oxidation, DCA 1β-hydroxylation exhibited higher reactivity than DCA 5β-hydroxylation. It is therefore suggested that DCA 1β- and 5β-hydroxylations may serve as alternatives to T 6β-hydroxylation as in vitro CYP3A index reactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The oxidation of DCA and GDCA is primarily catalyzed by CYP3A4 and CYP3A7. This work compared the 1β- and 5β-hydroxylation of DCA and GDCA as in vitro index reactions to assess CYP3A activities. It was disclosed that the metabolic activity of DCA 1β- and 5β-hydroxylation was 5-10 times higher than that of GDCA. Although DCA 1β-hydroxylation exhibited higher metabolic activity than DCA 5β-hydroxylation, DCA 5β-hydroxylation demonstrated stronger correlation with MDZ oxidation than DCA 1β-hydroxylation in individual liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
| | - Bin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
| | - Lanlan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
| | - Wushuang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
| | - Yutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
| | - Jia Miao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
| | - Ke Lan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (C.W., B.C., W.W., L.G., W.Z., Y.W., Y.W., Q.C., L.X., K.L.); Chengdu Cynogen Bio-pharmaceutical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.G., W.Z., L.X., K.L.); and Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (J.M.)
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Liu X, Wang W, Chen J, Chen D, Tao Y, Ouyang D. PBPK/PD Modeling of Nifedipine for Precision Medicine in Pregnant Women: Enhancing Clinical Decision-Making for Optimal Drug Therapy. Pharm Res 2024; 41:63-75. [PMID: 38049651 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) predictive models for nifedipine in pregnant women, enhancing precision medicine and reducing adverse reactions for both mothers and infants. METHODS A PBPK/PD model was constructed using PK-Sim, MoBi, and MATLAB software, integrating literature and pregnancy-specific physiological information. The process involved: (1) establishing and validating a PBPK model for serum clearance after intravenous administration in non-pregnant individuals, (2) establishing and validating a PBPK model for serum clearance after oral administration in non-pregnant individuals, (3) constructing and validating a PBPK model for enzyme clearance after oral administration in non-pregnant individuals, and (4) adjusting the PBPK model structure and enzyme parameters according to pregnant women and validating it in oral administration. (5) PK/PD model was explored through MATLAB, and the PBPK and PK/PD models were integrated to form the PBPK/PD model. RESULTS The Nifedipine PBPK model's predictive accuracy was confirmed by non-pregnant and pregnant validation studies. The developed PBPK/PD model accurately predicted maximum antihypertensive effects for clinical doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg. The model suggested peak effect at 0.86 h post-administration, achieving blood pressure reductions of 5.4 mmHg, 14.3 mmHg, and 21.3 mmHg, respectively. This model provides guidance for tailored dosing in pregnancy-induced hypertension based on targeted blood pressure reduction. CONCLUSION Based on available literature data, the PBPK/PD model of Nifedipine in pregnancy demonstrated good predictive performance. It will help optimize individualized dosing of Nifedipine, improve treatment outcomes, and minimize the risk of adverse reactions in mothers and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS)/FHS, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS)/FHS, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Key Laboratories for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Key Laboratories for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Road of Worker's Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS)/FHS, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Sun P, Cao Y, Qiu J, Kong J, Zhang S, Cao X. Inhibitory Mechanisms of Lekethromycin in Dog Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Based on UPLC-MS/MS Cocktail Method. Molecules 2023; 28:7193. [PMID: 37894672 PMCID: PMC10609143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lekethromycin (LKMS) is a synthetic macrolide compound derivative intended for use as a veterinary medicine. Since there have been no in vitro studies evaluating its potential for drug-drug interactions related to cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, the effect of the inhibitory mechanisms of LKMS on CYP450 enzymes is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of LKMS on dog CYP450 enzymes. A cocktail approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of LKMS on canine CYP450 enzymes. Typical probe substrates of phenacetin, coumarin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, and testosterone were used for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, respectively. This study showed that LKMS might not be a time-dependent inhibitor. LKMS inhibited CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2D6 via mixed inhibition. LKMS exhibited mixed-type inhibition against the activity of CYP2A6 with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 135.6 μΜ. LKMS inhibited CYP2B6 in a mixed way, with Ki values of 59.44 μM. A phenotyping study based on an inhibition assay indicated that CYP2D6 contributes to the biotransformation of LKMS. A mixed inhibition of CYP2D6 with Ki values of 64.87 μM was also observed. Given that this study was performed in vitro, further in vivo studies should be conducted to identify the interaction between LKMS and canine CYP450 enzymes to provide data support for the clinical application of LKMS and the avoidance of adverse interactions between other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu S, Zheng Q, Bai F. Differences of Atomic-Level Interactions between Midazolam and Two CYP Isoforms 3A4 and 3A5. Molecules 2023; 28:6900. [PMID: 37836743 PMCID: PMC10574787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP 3A4 and CYP 3A5 are two important members of the human cytochrome P450 family. Although their overall structures are similar, the local structures of the active site are different, which directly leads to obvious individual differences in drug metabolic efficacy and toxicity. In this work, midazolam (MDZ) was selected as the probe substrate, and its interaction with two proteins, CYP 3A4 and CYP 3A5, was studied by molecular dynamics simulation (MD) along with the calculation of the binding free energy. The results show that two protein-substrate complexes have some similarities in enzyme-substrate binding; that is, in both complexes, Ser119 forms a high occupancy hydrogen bond with MDZ, which plays a key role in the stability of the interaction between MDZ and the enzymes. However, the complex formed by CYP 3A4 and MDZ is more stable, which may be attributed to the sandwich structure formed by the fluorophenyl group of the substrate with Leu216 and Leu482. Our study interprets the binding differences between two isoform-substrate complexes and reveals a structure-function relationship from the atomic perspective, which is expected to provide a theoretical basis for accurately measuring the effectiveness and toxicity of drugs for individuals in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China;
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Qingchuan Zheng
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China;
| | - Fuquan Bai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China;
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Zhou R, Yang H, Zhu P, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhou H, Li X, Li Q. Effect of Gut Microbiota on the Pharmacokinetics of Nifedipine in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2085. [PMID: 37631299 PMCID: PMC10458652 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic variability of nifedipine widely observed in the clinic cannot be fully explained by pharmacogenomics. As a new factor affecting drug metabolism, how the gut microbiota affects the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine needs to be explored. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) have been commonly used in hypertension-related research and served as the experimental groups; Wistar rats were used as control groups. In this study, the bioavailability of nifedipine decreased by 18.62% (p < 0.05) in the SHRs compared with the Wistar rats. Changes in microbiota were associated with the difference in pharmacokinetics. The relative abundance of Bacteroides dorei was negatively correlated with AUC0-t (r = -0.881, p = 0.004) and Cmax (r = -0.714, p = 0.047). Analysis of serum bile acid (BA) profiles indicated that glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) were significantly increased in the SHRs. Compared with the Wistar rats, the expressions of CYP3A1 and PXR were upregulated and the enzyme activity of CYP3A1 increased in the SHRs. Spearman's rank correlation revealed that Bacteroides stercoris was negatively correlated with GUDCA (r = -0.7126, p = 0.0264) and GCDCA (r = -0.6878, p = 0.0339). Moreover, GUDCA was negatively correlated with Cmax (r = -0.556, p = 0.025). In primary rat hepatocytes, GUDCA could induce the expressions of PXR target genes CYP3A1 and Mdr1a. Furthermore, antibiotic treatments in SHRs verified the impact of microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine. Generally, gut microbiota affects the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine through microbial biotransformation or by regulating the enzyme activity of CYP3A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yanjuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510699, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
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9
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Fashe MM, Miner TA, Fallon JK, Schauer AP, Sykes C, Smith PC, Lee CR. Pregnancy related hormones increase CYP3A mediated buprenorphine metabolism in human hepatocytes: a comparison to CYP3A substrates nifedipine and midazolam. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1218703. [PMID: 37475714 PMCID: PMC10354249 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pregnancy increases the clearance of CYP3A4 substrate drugs and pregnancy-related hormones (PRHs) induce hepatic CYP3A4 expression and metabolism. However, it remains unclear to what extent the magnitude of PRH-evoked changes in hepatic CYP3A metabolism varies across multiple substrates. This study quantified the impact of PRHs on CYP3A protein concentrations and buprenorphine metabolism in human hepatocytes, and compared the magnitude of these effects to nifedipine and midazolam metabolism. Methods: Sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH) from female donors were exposed to PRHs, administered in combination across a range of physiologically relevant concentrations, for 72 h. Absolute protein concentrations of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 in SCHH membrane fractions were quantified by nanoLC-MS/MS, and norbuprenorphine (nor-BUP), dehydro-nifedipine (dehydro-NIF), and 1-hydroxy-midazolam (1-OH-MDZ) formation was evaluated. Results: Compared to control, PRH exposure increased CYP3A4, CYP3A7, and total CYP3A protein concentrations, but not CYP3A5 concentrations, and increased nor-BUP, dehydro-NIF, and 1-OH-MDZ formation in a concentration-dependent manner. The formation of nor-BUP, dehydro-NIF, and 1-OH-MDZ each positively correlated with PRH-mediated changes in total CYP3A protein concentrations. The PRH-evoked increase in nor-BUP formation was evident in all donors; however, the PRH induction of dehydro-NIF and 1-OH-MDZ formation was diminished in a hepatocyte donor with high basal CYP3A5 expression. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that PRHs increase buprenorphine, nifedipine, and midazolam metabolism in SCHH via induction of CYP3A4 and total CYP3A protein concentrations, and the magnitude of these effects vary across hepatocyte donors in a substrate-specific manner. These data provide insight into the contribution of PRH induction of CYP3A4 metabolism to increased buprenorphine clearance during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluneh M. Fashe
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Taryn A. Miner
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - John K. Fallon
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Amanda P. Schauer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Craig Sykes
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Philip C. Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Craig R. Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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10
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Li ZR, Shen CH, Li RD, Wang B, Li J, Niu WJ, Zhang LJ, Zhong MK, Wang ZX, Qiu XY. Individual dose recommendations for drug interaction between tacrolimus and voriconazole in adult liver transplant recipients: A semiphysiologically based population pharmacokinetic modeling approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 184:106405. [PMID: 36775255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of drug-drug interaction between tacrolimus and voriconazole is highly variable, and individually tailoring the tacrolimus dose when concomitantly administered with voriconazole remains difficult. This study aimed to develop a semiphysiologically based population pharmacokinetic (semi-PBPK) model and a web-based dashboard to identify the dynamic inhibition of tacrolimus metabolism caused by voriconazole and provide individual tacrolimus regimens for Chinese adult liver transplant recipients. A total of 264 tacrolimus concentrations and 146 voriconazole concentrations were prospectively collected from 32 transplant recipients. A semi-PBPK model with physiological compartments including the gut wall, portal vein, and liver was developed using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling software NONMEM (version 7.4). A web-based dashboard was established in R software (version 3.6.1) to recommend the individual tacrolimus regimens when concomitantly administered with voriconazole. The reversible inhibition of tacrolimus metabolism caused by voriconazole was investigated in both the liver and the gut wall. Moreover, voriconazole could highly inhibit the CYP3A activity in the gut wall more than in the liver. BMI and postoperative days were identified as significant covariates on intrinsic intestinal and hepatic clearance of tacrolimus, respectively. Age and postoperative days were identified as significant covariates on the volume of distribution of voriconazole. The individual tacrolimus regimens when concomitantly administered with voriconazole could be recommended in the dashboard (https://tac-vor-ddi.shinyapps.io/shinyapp3/). In conclusion, the semi-PBPK model successfully described the dynamic inhibition process between tacrolimus and voriconazole, and the web-based dashboard could provide individual tacrolimus regimens when concomitantly administered with voriconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ran Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Cong-Huan Shen
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Organ Transplant, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Rui-Dong Li
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Organ Transplant, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Organ Transplant, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wan-Jie Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ming-Kang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Zheng-Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Organ Transplant, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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11
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Rodriguez-Antona C, Savieo JL, Lauschke VM, Sangkuhl K, Drögemöller BI, Wang D, van Schaik RHN, Gilep AA, Peter AP, Boone EC, Ramey BE, Klein TE, Whirl-Carrillo M, Pratt VM, Gaedigk A. PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP3A5. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:1159-1171. [PMID: 35202484 PMCID: PMC9399309 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) catalogs star (*) allele nomenclature for the polymorphic human CYP3A5 gene. Genetic variation within the CYP3A5 gene locus impacts the metabolism of several clinically important drugs, including the immunosuppressants tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, and the benzodiazepine midazolam. Variable CYP3A5 activity is of clinical importance regarding tacrolimus metabolism. This GeneFocus provides a CYP3A5 gene summary with a focus on aspects regarding standardized nomenclature. In addition, this review also summarizes recent changes and updates, including the retirement of several allelic variants and provides an overview of how PharmVar CYP3A5 star allele nomenclature is utilized by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodriguez-Antona
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Sangkuhl
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Britt I Drögemöller
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Danxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arul P Peter
- Coriell Life Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin C Boone
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Teri E Klein
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Victoria M Pratt
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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12
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Oda A, Suzuki Y, Sato B, Sato H, Tanaka R, Ono H, Ando T, Shin T, Mimata H, Itoh H, Ohno K. Highly sensitive simultaneous quantification of indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid in human plasma using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1672-1682. [PMID: 35247297 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid are uremic toxins that accumulate in renal failure, and have been reported to decrease the activities of the drug metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 3A and the drug transporter organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B, respectively. In this study, we established and validated an assay for simultaneous quantification of indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid in human plasma. The samples were pretreated by SPE, and measured by UHPLC-MS/MS. The validation results for this assay were within the acceptable limits recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.05 μg/mL for both indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid. Recovery rates of indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid corrected by internal standard were 100.7%-101.9% and 100.2%-101.3%, respectively. Matrix effects of indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid corrected by internal standard were 101.1%-105.5% and 97.0%-103.8%, respectively. The validated assay was used to analyze indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid concentrations in the plasma samples of healthy volunteers and patients with chronic kidney disease. All the measured plasma indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid concentrations were within the calibration ranges. This novel method may contribute to predict the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in individual patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Oda
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical Research, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical Research, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Banri Sato
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical Research, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Haruki Sato
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical Research, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, 1-1 Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ono
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, 1-1 Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Ando
- Department of Urology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department of Urology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department of Urology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiroki Itoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, 1-1 Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Keiko Ohno
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical Research, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
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13
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Rodseeda C, Yamanont P, Pinthong D, Korprasertthaworn P. Inhibitory effects of Thai herbal extracts on the cytochrome P450 3A-mediated the metabolism of gefitinib, lapatinib and sorafenib. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1846-1852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Kahma H, Aurinsalo L, Neuvonen M, Katajamäki J, Paludetto MN, Viinamäki J, Launiainen T, Filppula AM, Tornio A, Niemi M, Backman JT. An automated cocktail method for in vitro assessment of direct and time-dependent inhibition of nine major cytochrome P450 enzymes - application to establishing CYP2C8 inhibitor selectivity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105810. [PMID: 33753217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We developed an in vitro high-throughput cocktail assay with nine major drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes, optimized for screening of time-dependent inhibition. The method was applied to determine the selectivity of the time-dependent CYP2C8 inhibitors gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide and clopidogrel acyl-β-D-glucuronide. In vitro incubations with CYP selective probe substrates and pooled human liver microsomes were conducted in 96-well plates with automated liquid handler techniques and metabolite concentrations were measured with quantitative UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. After determination of inter-substrate interactions and Km values for each reaction, probe substrates were divided into cocktails I (tacrine/CYP1A2, bupropion/CYP2B6, amodiaquine/CYP2C8, tolbutamide/CYP2C9 and midazolam/CYP3A4/5) and II (coumarin/CYP2A6, S-mephenytoin/CYP2C19, dextromethorphan/CYP2D6 and astemizole/CYP2J2). Time-dependent inhibitors (furafylline/CYP1A2, selegiline/CYP2A6, clopidogrel/CYP2B6, gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide/CYP2C8, tienilic acid/CYP2C9, ticlopidine/CYP2C19, paroxetine/CYP2D6 and ritonavir/CYP3A) and direct inhibitor (terfenadine/CYP2J2) showed similar inhibition with single substrate and cocktail methods. Established time-dependent inhibitors caused IC50 fold shifts ranging from 2.2 to 30 with the cocktail method. Under time-dependent inhibition conditions, gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide was a strong (>90% inhibition) and selective (<< 20% inhibition of other CYPs) inhibitor of CYP2C8 at concentrations ranging from 60 to 300 μM, while the selectivity of clopidogrel acyl-β-D-glucuronide was limited at concentrations above its IC80 for CYP2C8. The time-dependent IC50 values of these glucuronides for CYP2C8 were 8.1 and 38 µM, respectively. In conclusion, a reliable cocktail method including the nine most important drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes was developed, optimized and validated for detecting time-dependent inhibition. Moreover, gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide was established as a selective inhibitor of CYP2C8 for use as a diagnostic inhibitor in in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helinä Kahma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Aurinsalo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Katajamäki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Noëlle Paludetto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Viinamäki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Launiainen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Filppula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Tornio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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Doohan PT, Oldfield LD, Arnold JC, Anderson LL. Cannabinoid Interactions with Cytochrome P450 Drug Metabolism: a Full-Spectrum Characterization. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:91. [PMID: 34181150 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal cannabis use has increased exponentially with widespread legalization around the world. Cannabis-based products are being used for numerous health conditions, often in conjunction with prescribed medications. The risk of clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) increases in this setting of polypharmacy, prompting concern among health care providers. Serious adverse events can result from DDIs, specifically those affecting CYP-mediated drug metabolism. Both cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), major constituents of cannabis, potently inhibit CYPs. Cannabis-based products contain an array of cannabinoids, many of which have limited data available regarding potential DDIs. This study assessed the inhibitory potential of 12 cannabinoids against CYP-mediated drug metabolism to predict the likelihood of clinically significant DDIs between cannabis-based therapies and conventional medications. Supersomes™ were used to screen the inhibitory potential of cannabinoids in vitro. Twelve cannabinoids were evaluated at the predominant drug-metabolizing isoforms: CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19. The cannabinoids exhibited varied effects and potencies across the CYP isoforms. CYP2C9-mediated metabolism was inhibited by nearly all the cannabinoids with estimated Ki values of 0.2-3.2 μM. Most of the cannabinoids inhibited CYP2C19, whereas CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP2B6 were either not affected or only partially inhibited by the cannabinoids. Effects of the cannabinoids on CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 metabolism were limited so in vivo DDIs mediated by these isoforms would not be predicted. CYP2C9-mediated metabolism was inhibited by cannabinoids at clinically relevant concentrations. In vivo DDI studies may be justified for CYP2C9 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Doohan
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lachlan D Oldfield
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lyndsey L Anderson
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia. .,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Denisov IG, Grinkova YV, Camp T, McLean MA, Sligar SG. Midazolam as a Probe for Drug-Drug Interactions Mediated by CYP3A4: Homotropic Allosteric Mechanism of Site-Specific Hydroxylation. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1670-1681. [PMID: 34015213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We developed an efficient and sensitive probe for drug-drug interactions mediated by human CYP3A4 by using midazolam (MDZ) as a probe substrate. Using global analysis of four parameters over several experimental data sets, we demonstrate that the first MDZ molecule (MDZ1) binds with high affinity at the productive site near the heme iron and gives only hydroxylation at the 1 position (1OH). The second midazolam molecule (MDZ2) binds at an allosteric site at the membrane surface and perturbs the position and mobility of MDZ1 such that the minor hydroxylation product at the 4 position (4OH) is formed in a 1:2 ratio (35%). No increase in catalytic rate is observed after the second MDZ binding. Hence, the site of the 1OH:4OH metabolism ratio is a sensitive probe for drugs, such as progesterone, that bind with high affinity to the allosteric site and serve as effectors. We observe similar changes in the MDZ 1OH:4OH ratio in the presence of progesterone (PGS), suggesting a direct communication between the active and allosteric sites. Mutations introduced into the F-F' loop indicate that residues F213 and D214 are directly involved in allosteric interactions leading to MDZ homotropic cooperativity, and these same residues, together with L211, are involved in heterotropic allosteric interactions in which PGS is the effector and MDZ the substrate. Molecular dynamics simulations provide a mechanistic picture of the origin of this cooperativity. These results show that the midazolam can be used as a sensitive probe for drug-drug interactions in human P450 CYP3A4.
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17
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Zhao X, Zhang C, Zhu L, Wu B, Han Y, Heung M, Zuo L. Severe secondary hyperkalemia and arrhythmia from drug interactions between calcium-channel blocker and voriconazole: a case presentation. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:172. [PMID: 33971831 PMCID: PMC8108408 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with kidney disease may have concurrent hypertension and infection. Dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers (CCB) are the most popular class of antihypertensive drugs used in clinical settings and can be metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4). Voriconazole is a commonly used antifungal treatment and a CYP3A4-inhibitor. Insufficient attention to drug interactions from the concomitant use of CCB and voriconazole may result in serious adverse reactions. Case presentation Here, we report a patient with acute kidney injury on stable anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis who developed hyperkalemia resulting in sinus arrest with junctional escape rhythm attributed to drug interactions of CCB with voriconazole. This is a very rarely reported case and may be an under-recognized complication. After continuous renal replacement therapy and changing the anti-hypertensive drugs, symptoms, and laboratory abnormalities of the patient fully recovered. Conclusions This case warns us of severe consequences of drug interactions. Co-prescription of CYP3A4-inhibitors with calcium-channel blockers increases the risk of hypotension and acute kidney injury, which may further induce hyperkalemia and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinju Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Heung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Xie Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Xing J. Metabolic Retroversion of Piperaquine (PQ) via Hepatic Cytochrome P450-Mediated N-Oxidation and Reduction: Not an Important Contributor to the Prolonged Elimination of PQ. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:379-388. [PMID: 33674271 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a partner antimalarial with an extremely long elimination half-life (∼30 days), piperaquine (PQ) is mainly metabolized into a pharmacologically active N-oxide metabolite [piperaquine N-oxide (PN1)] in humans. In the present work, the metabolic retroversion of PQ and PN1, potentially associated with decreased clearance of PQ, was studied. The results showed that interconversion existed for PQ and its metabolite PN1. The N-oxidation of PQ to PN1 was mainly mediated by CYP3A4, and PN1 can rapidly reduce back to PQ via cytochrome P450 (P450)/flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymes. In accordance with these findings, the P450 nonselective inhibitor (1-ABT) or CYP3A4 inhibitor (ketoconazole) inhibited the N-oxidation pathway in liver microsomes (>90%), and the reduction metabolism was inhibited by 1-ABT (>90%) or methimazole (∼50%). Based on in vitro physiologic and enzyme kinetic studies, quantitative prediction of hepatic clearance (CLH) of PQ was performed, which indicated its negligible decreased elimination in humans in the presence of futile cycling, with the unbound CLH decreasing by 2.5% (0.069 l/h per kilogram); however, a minor decrease in unbound CLH (by 12.8%) was found in mice (0.024 l/h per kilogram). After an oral dose of PQ (or PN1) to mice, the parent form predominated in the blood circulation, and PN1 (or PQ) was detected as a major metabolite. Other factors probably associated with delayed elimination of PQ (intestinal metabolism and enterohepatic circulation) did not play a key role in PQ elimination. These data suggested that the metabolic interconversion of PQ and its N-oxide metabolite contributes to but may not significantly prolong its duration in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This paper investigated the interconversion metabolism of piperaquine (PQ) and its N-oxide metabolite in vitro as well as in mice. The metabolic profiles of PQ were reestablished by this futile cycling, which contributes to but may not significantly prolong its elimination in humans. Enzyme phenotyping indicated a low possibility of interaction of PQ during artemisinin drug-based combination therapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunrui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huixiang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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19
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Zeng W, Gui L, Tan X, Zhu P, Hu Y, Wu Q, Li X, Yang L, Jia W, Liu C, Lan K. Tertiary Oxidation of Deoxycholate Is Predictive of CYP3A Activity in Dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:369-378. [PMID: 33674269 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxycholic acid (DCA, 3α, 12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid) is the major circulating secondary bile acid, which is synthesized by gut flora in the lower gut and selectively oxidized by CYP3A into tertiary metabolites, including 1β,3α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid (DCA-1β-ol) and 3α,5β,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid (DCA-5β-ol) in humans. Since DCA has the similar exogenous nature and disposition mechanisms as xenobiotics, this work aimed to investigate whether the tertiary oxidations of DCA are predictive of in vivo CYP3A activities in beagle dogs. In vitro metabolism of midazolam (MDZ) and DCA in recombinant canine CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B11, 2C21, 2C41, 2D15, 3A12, and 3A26 enzymes clarified that CYP3A12 was primarily responsible for either the oxidation elimination of MDZ or the regioselective oxidation metabolism of DCA into DCA-1β-ol and DCA-5β-ol in dog liver microsomes. Six male dogs completed the CYP3A intervention studies including phases of baseline, inhibition (ketoconazole treatments), recovery, and induction (rifampicin treatments). The oral MDZ clearance after a single dose was determined on the last day of the baseline, inhibition, and induction phases, and subjected to correlation analysis with the tertiary oxidation ratios of DCA detected in serum and urine samples. The results confirmed that the predosing serum ratios of DCA oxidation, DCA-5β-ol/DCA, and DCA-1β-ol/DCA were significantly and positively correlated both intraindividually and interindividually with oral MDZ clearance. It was therefore concluded that the tertiary oxidation of DCA is predictive of CYP3A activity in beagle dogs. Clinical transitional studies following the preclinical evidence are promising to provide novel biomarkers of the enterohepatic CYP3A activities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Drug development, clinical pharmacology, and therapeutics are under insistent demands of endogenous CYP3A biomarkers that avoid unnecessary drug exposure and invasive sampling. This work has provided the first proof-of-concept preclinical evidence that the CYP3A catalyzed tertiary oxidation of deoxycholate, the major circulating secondary bile acid synthesized in the lower gut by bacteria, may be developed as novel in vivo biomarkers of the enterohepatic CYP3A activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wushuang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Lanlan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Xianwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Pingping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Yiting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Qingliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Xuejing Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Lian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Wei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Ke Lan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
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Cytochrome P450 Expression and Chemical Metabolic Activity before Full Liver Development in Zebrafish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120456. [PMID: 33322603 PMCID: PMC7763843 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are used widely in biomedical, toxicological, and developmental research, but information on their xenobiotic metabolism is limited. Here, we characterized the expression of 14 xenobiotic cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes in whole embryos and larvae of zebrafish (4 to 144 h post-fertilization (hpf)) and the metabolic activities of several representative human CYP substrates. The 14 CYPs showed various changes in expression patterns during development. Many CYP transcripts abruptly increased at about 96 hpf, when the hepatic outgrowth progresses; however, the expression of some cyp1s (1b1, 1c1, 1c2, 1d1) and cyp2r1 peaked at 48 or 72 hpf, before full liver development. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed cyp2y3, 2r1, and 3a65 transcripts in larvae at 55 hpf after exposure to rifampicin, phenobarbital, or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin from 30 hpf onward. Marked conversions of diclofenac to 4′-hydroxydiclofenac and 5-hydroxydiclofenac, and of caffeine to 1,7-dimethylxanthine, were detected as early as 24 or 50 hpf. The rate of metabolism to 4’-hydroxydiclofenac was more marked at 48 and 72 hpf than at 120 hpf, after the liver had become almost fully developed. These findings reveal the expression of various CYPs involved in chemical metabolism in developing zebrafish, even before full liver development.
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21
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Matthaei J, Bonat WH, Kerb R, Tzvetkov MV, Strube J, Brunke S, Sachse-Seeboth C, Sehrt D, Hofmann U, von Bornemann Hjelmborg J, Schwab M, Brockmöller J. Inherited and Acquired Determinants of Hepatic CYP3A Activity in Humans. Front Genet 2020; 11:944. [PMID: 32973880 PMCID: PMC7472781 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CYP3A enzymes (including CYP3A4 and CYP4A5) metabolize about 40% of all drugs and numerous other environmental and endogenous substances. CYP3A activity is highly variable within and between humans. As a consequence, therapy with standard doses often results in too low or too high blood and tissue concentrations resulting in therapeutic failure or dose-related adverse reactions. It is an unanswered question how much of the big interindividual variation in CYP3A activity is caused by genetic or by environmental factors. This question can be answered by the twin study approach. Using midazolam as CYP3A probe drug, we studied 43 monozygotic and 14 dizygotic twins and measured midazolam and its metabolite 1-OH-midazolam. In addition, endogenous biomarkers of CYP3A activity, 4ß-OH-cholesterol and 6ß-OH-cortisol, were analyzed. Additive genetic effects accounted for only 15% of the variation in midazolam AUC, whereas 48% was attributed to common environmental factors. In contrast, 73, 56, and 31% of 1-OH-midazolam, 4ß-OH-cholesterol and 6ß-OH-cortisol variation was due to genetic effects. There was a low phenotypic correlation between the four CYP3A biomarkers. Only between midazolam and its 1-OH-metabolite, and between midazolam and 6ß-OH-cortisol we found significant bivariate genetic correlations. Midazolam AUC differed depending on the CYP3A4∗22 variant (p = 0.001) whereas plasma 4ß-OH-cholesterol was significantly lower in homozygous carriers of CYP3A5∗3 (p = 0.02). Apparently, non-genomic factors played a dominant role in the inter-individual variation of the CYP3A probe drug midazolam. A small intra-individual pharmacokinetic variation after repeated administration of midazolam was rated earlier as indication of high heritability of CYP3A activity, but according to present data that could also largely be due to constant environmental factors and/or heritability of liver blood flow. The higher heritabilities of 4ß-OH-cholesterol and of 1-OH-midazolam may deserve further research on the underlying factors beyond CYP3A genes. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01845194 and EUDRA-CT: 2008-006223-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Matthaei
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wagner Hugo Bonat
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Reinhold Kerb
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mladen Vassilev Tzvetkov
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Strube
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brunke
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cordula Sachse-Seeboth
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Sehrt
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
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Pregnancy-Related Hormones Increase Nifedipine Metabolism in Human Hepatocytes by Inducing CYP3A4 Expression. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:412-421. [PMID: 32931777 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-related hormones (PRH) have emerged as key regulators of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme expression and function. The impact of PRH on protein levels of CYP3A4 and other key CYP enzymes, and the metabolism of nifedipine (a CYP3A4 substrate commonly prescribed during pregnancy), was evaluated in primary human hepatocytes. Sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH) from female donors were exposed to PRH (estradiol, estriol, estetrol, progesterone, and cortisol), individually or in combination as a cocktail. Absolute protein concentrations of twelve CYP isoforms in SCHH membrane fractions were quantified by nanoLC-MS/MS, and metabolism of nifedipine to dehydronifedipine in SCHH was evaluated. PRH significantly increased CYP3A4 protein concentrations and nifedipine metabolism to dehydronifedipine in a concentration-dependent manner. CYP3A4 mRNA levels in hepatocyte-derived exosomes positively correlated with CYP3A4 protein levels and dehydronifedipine formation in SCHH. PRH also increased CYP2B6, CYP2C8 and CYP2A6 levels. Our findings demonstrate that PRH increase nifedipine metabolism in SCHH by inducing CYP3A4 expression and alter expression of other key CYP proteins in an isoform-specific manner, and suggest that hepatocyte-derived exosomes warrant further investigation as biomarkers of hepatic CYP3A4 metabolism. Together, these results offer mechanistic insight into the increases in nifedipine metabolism and clearance observed in pregnant women.
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Jarmusch AK, Vrbanac A, Momper JD, Ma JD, Alhaja M, Liyanage M, Knight R, Dorrestein PC, Tsunoda SM. Enhanced Characterization of Drug Metabolism and the Influence of the Intestinal Microbiome: A Pharmacokinetic, Microbiome, and Untargeted Metabolomics Study. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:972-984. [PMID: 32216086 PMCID: PMC7485946 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining factors that contribute to interindividual and intra-individual variability in pharmacokinetics (PKs) and drug metabolism is essential for the optimal use of drugs in humans. Intestinal microbes are important contributors to variability; however, such gut microbe-drug interactions and the clinical significance of these interactions are still being elucidated. Traditional PKs can be complemented by untargeted mass spectrometry coupled with molecular networking to study the intricacies of drug metabolism. To show the utility of molecular networking on metabolism we investigated the impact of a 7-day course of cefprozil on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity using a modified Cooperstown cocktail and assessed plasma, urine, and fecal data by targeted and untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking in healthy volunteers. This prospective study revealed that cefprozil decreased the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A, decreased alpha diversity and increased interindividual microbiome variability. We further demonstrate a relationship between the loss of microbiome alpha diversity caused by cefprozil and increased drug and metabolite formation in fecal samples. Untargeted metabolomics/molecular networking revealed several omeprazole metabolites that we hypothesize may be metabolized by both CYP2C19 and bacteria from the gut microbiome. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that factors that perturb the gut microbiome, such as antibiotics, alter drug metabolism and ultimately drug efficacy and toxicity but that these effects are most strongly revealed on a per individual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan K. Jarmusch
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alison Vrbanac
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeremiah D. Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joseph D. Ma
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maher Alhaja
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marlon Liyanage
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Microbiome InnovationUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Microbiome InnovationUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shirley M. Tsunoda
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Wei J, Lei D, Chen M, Ran P, Li X. Engineering HepG2 spheroids with injectable fiber fragments as predictable models for drug metabolism and tumor infiltration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3331-3344. [PMID: 32627303 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cell and tissue models are playing essential roles in the identification of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Though HepG2 cells have attractive profiles over primary hepatocytes in the availability and viability retention, the expression of metabolizing enzymes is quite low. In the current study, three-dimensional (3D) HepG2 spheroids with smaller sizes of 150 μm (3Ds) and bigger sizes of 300 μm (3Db) are engineered using injectable fiber fragments as the substrate. In contrast to two-dimensional (2D) culture, the enzyme activities for drug metabolisms are restored in 3Ds and the pathophysiological profiles of tumor tissues are rebuilt in 3Db spheroids. Compared with spheroid culture without fiber fragments, 3Ds spheroids show higher activities of metabolizing enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP2A9, and phase II) and higher sensitivities to enzyme inducers (rifampicin and glutathione) and inhibitors (ketoconazole and probenecid). The drug clearance and toxicity to 3Ds spheroids predict better the clinical observations and drug-drug interactions. In addition, compared to scaffold-free spheroid culture, stronger expressions of E-cadherin and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and higher fibronectin secretions are determined in 3Db spheroids, displaying apparent hypoxic and apoptotic regions similar to those found in solid tumors. In contrast to the overestimated drug toxicity in other systems, the infiltrations of free drug and drug-loaded micelles are apparently restricted in 3Db spheroids, exhibiting drug resistance just like in tumor tissues. Thus, this study demonstrates HepG2 spheroids with different sizes as predictable and physiologically relevant models for high-throughput screening of drug metabolism and tumor infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Lei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Pan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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25
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Lu Y, Wong KY, Tan C, Ma J, Feng B, Lin G. Establishment of a novel CYP3A4-transduced human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell model and its application in screening hepatotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2020; 38:169-185. [PMID: 32469285 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1769409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are extensively distributed in plants and are known to damage hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs) via metabolic activation mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), particularly the CYP3A4 isozyme. Different PAs have distinct toxic potencies and their toxic effects on HSECs are difficult to be determined in cultured cells, because HSECs lack the key CYP3A4 isozyme for metabolic activation. This study aims to establish a novel, convenient and reliable CYP3A4-expressing HSEC model using human HSECs transduced with lentivirus carrying CYP3A4-ires-eGFP, for evaluating the hepatotoxicity of different PAs on their target HSECs. The developed CYP3A4-expressing HSEC (HSEC-CYP3A4) model was verified by the expression of GFP and CYP3A4 and by the ability to metabolize nifedipine, a classic CYP3A4 substrate. Treated with retrorsine, a representative toxic PA, HSEC-CYP3A4 cells showed significantly reduced cell viability, depletion of GSH, and increased formation of pyrrole-protein adducts. Furthermore, this newly developed cell model successfully discriminated the cytotoxic potency of different PAs evidenced by their IC40 values. In conclusion, the established HSEC-CYP3A4 cell model can be used as a rapid screening platform for assessing the relative potencies of individual PAs on their target HSECs and for investigating the mechanisms underlying PA-induced hepatic sinusoidal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ka Yan Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chunlai Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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26
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Yong YF, Tan SC, Liew MWO, Yaacob NS. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method development for screening of potential tamoxifen-drug/herb interaction via in vitro cytochrome P450 inhibition assay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1148:122148. [PMID: 32416571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Screening for potential drug-drug interaction (DDI) or herb-drug interaction (HDI) using in vitro cytochrome P450 inhibition (IVCI) assays requires robust analytical methods with high sensitivity and reproducibility. Utilization of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for analyte quantification is often hampered by the presence of non-volatile IVCI sample buffer constituents that often results in ion suppression. In this study, to enable screening of drug interactions involving tamoxifen (TAM) metabolism using IVCI-LC-MS/MS, a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was developed and optimized for sample clean-up. Utilization of chloroform as extraction solvent and adjustment of sample pH to 11 was found to result in satisfactory recovery (>70%) and low ion suppression (<19%). A LC-MS/MS method was subsequently developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of major TAM metabolites, such as N-desmethyltamoxifen (NDT), endoxifen (EDF) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (HTF) to enable IVCI sample analysis. Satisfactory separation of E-/Z-isomers of endoxifen with peak resolution (Rs) of 1.9 was achieved. Accuracy and precision of the method was verified within the linear range of 0-50 ng/mL for NDT, 0-25 ng/mL for HTF and 0-25 ng/mL for EDF (E/Z isomers). Inhibitory potency (IC50, Ki and mode of inhibition) of known CYP inhibitors and Strobilanthes crispus extract was then evaluated using the validated method. In summary, the results demonstrated applicability of the developed LLE and validated LC-MS/MS method for in vitro screening of DDI and HDI involving TAM metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Yong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - S C Tan
- Usains Biomics Laboratory Testing Services Sdn. Bhd., Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mervyn W O Liew
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - N S Yaacob
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Kotwal P, Dogra A, Sharma A, Bhatt S, Gour A, Sharma S, Wazir P, Singh PP, Kumar A, Nandi U. Effect of Natural Phenolics on Pharmacokinetic Modulation of Bedaquiline in Rat to Assess the Likelihood of Potential Food-Drug Interaction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1257-1265. [PMID: 31927919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bedaquiline (TMC-207) is a recently approved drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Moreover, there is a present and growing concern for natural-product-mediated drug interaction, as these are inadvertently taken by patients as a dietary supplement, food additive, and medicine. In the present study, we investigated the impact of 20 plant-based natural products, typically phenolics, on in vivo oral bedaquiline pharmacokinetics, as previous studies are lacking. Three natural phenolics were identified that can significantly enhance the oral exposure of bedaquiline upon coadministration. We further investigated the possible role of all of the phytochemicals on in vitro P-glycoprotein (P-gp) induction and inhibition and CYP3A4 inhibition in a single platform as bedaquiline is the substrate for both P-gp and CYP3A4. In conclusion, curcumin, CC-I (3',5-dihydroxyflavone-7-O-β-d-galacturonide-4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside), and 6-gingerol should not be coadministered with bedaquiline to avoid untoward drug interactions and, subsequently, its dose-dependent adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankul Kotwal
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Ashish Dogra
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Abhishek Gour
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Priya Wazir
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Jammu 180001 , India
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28
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Ji B, Liu S, Xue Y, He X, Man VH, Xie XQ, Wang J. Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions Between Opioids and Overdosed Benzodiazepines Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling and Simulation. Drugs R D 2020; 19:297-305. [PMID: 31482303 PMCID: PMC6738369 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-019-00282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers have long been interested in the potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between opioids and benzodiazepines. However, much remains unknown concerning the interactions between these two drug classes. The objective of this work is to study the mechanism underlying the DDIs between opioids and benzodiazepines from the perspective of their pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions. A PK interaction occurs when two drugs are metabolized by the same cytochrome P450 enzymes and is one of the most common reasons for DDIs. Methods We quantitatively predicted the DDIs between three opioids (fentanyl, oxycodone and buprenorphine) and four benzodiazepines (alprazolam, diazepam, midazolam and triazolam) using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach. A set of PBPK models was first constructed for these common opioids and benzodiazepines using SimCYP software, and the DDIs between them were then explored at various dosages. Results Our simulation results suggested there were no PK interactions between normal doses of opioids and benzodiazepines; but weak interactions can be expected with the combination of opioids and overdosed benzodiazepines. Particular attention should be given to the combination of fentanyl and overdosed alprazolam since a PK interaction can be observed between them. Conclusion Our results appear to indicate that pharmacodynamics may play a more important role than PKs in causing DDIs between opioids and benzodiazepines. This study also demonstrated that molecular modeling can be a very useful tool to mitigate the problem of “missing metabolic reaction parameters” in PK modeling and simulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40268-019-00282-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihong Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace, St Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace, St Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace, St Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Xibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace, St Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Viet Hoang Man
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace, St Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace, St Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace, St Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
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29
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Mass spectrometric characterization of carfentanil metabolism in human, dog, and rat lung microsomes via comparison to chemically synthesized metabolite standards. Forensic Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-019-00521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Orofino F, Truglio GI, Fiorucci D, D'Agostino I, Borgini M, Poggialini F, Zamperini C, Dreassi E, Maccari L, Torelli R, Martini C, Bernabei M, Meis JF, Khandelwal NK, Prasad R, Sanguinetti M, Bugli F, Botta M. In vitro characterization, ADME analysis, and histological and toxicological evaluation of BM1, a macrocyclic amidinourea active against azole-resistant Candida strains. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 55:105865. [PMID: 31866465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida species are one of the most common causes of nosocomial bloodstream infections among the opportunistic fungi. Extensive use of antifungal agents, most of which were launched on the market more than 20 years ago, led to the selection of drug-resistant or even multidrug-resistant fungi. We recently described a novel class of antifungal macrocyclic compounds with an amidinourea moiety that is highly active against azole-resistant Candida strains. OBJECTIVE A compound from this family, BM1, was investigated in terms of in vitro activity against various Candida species, including C. auris isolates, interaction with the ABC transporter, CDR6, and in vivo distribution and safety. METHODS In vitro assays (CYP inhibition, microsomal stability, permeability, spot assays) were used to collect chemical and biological data; animal models (rat) paired with LC-MS analysis were utilised to evaluate in vivo toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and distribution. RESULTS The current research shows BM1 has a low in vivo toxicity profile, affinity for the renal system in rats, and good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). BM1 also has potent activity against azole-resistant fungal strains, including C. auris isolates and CDR6-overexpressing strains. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against several Candida species, including preliminary data vs. C. auris. BM1 has good ADME and biochemical characteristics, is suitable and safe for daily administration and is particularly indicated for renal infections. These data indicate BM1 and its derivatives form a novel, promising antifungal class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Orofino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina I Truglio
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Diego Fiorucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Borgini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Maccari
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Martini
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Bernabei
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University, Gurgaon 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy; Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy; Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science Building, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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A dual functional probe for assessing human CYP450 3A5 and 3A enzymes bioactivities. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2891-2903. [PMID: 31702381 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: CYP3A5 plays a vital role in the drug metabolism, it displays varied expression levels among individuals and is easily influenced by genetic polymorphisms and some diseases. Methodology & results: A dual function probe isobutyryl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (IKBA) was developed; it possessed a high selectivity toward CYP3A5 and CYP3A enzymes for its two individual metabolites, respectively. The probe has the high accuracy and wide applicability in measuring the real activity of CYP3A5. Finally, IKBA was successfully used for the evaluation of the activity of CYP3A5 and CYP3A enzymes in various bio samples. Conclusion: IKBA could serve as a useful tool for exploring the physiology and pathology functions of CYP3A5 and give some useful guidance for the rational use of clinical drugs.
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Inan C, Sayin C, Dolgun N, Uzun I, Erzincan SG, Sutcu H, Varol F. Comparison of the efficacy of the immediate-release and osmotic push-pull system formulations of nifedipine for tocolysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2351-2357. [PMID: 31608543 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the immediate-release (IR) and osmotic push-pull system formulations of nifedipine used for tocolysis in prolonging pregnancy, neonatal outcomes and maternal-fetal adverse effects. METHODS We evaluated 140 pregnant women who received the IR (n = 72) and osmotic push-pull system (n = 68) formulations of nifedipine for tocolysis due to threatened preterm labor between 240/7 and 336/7 weeks of gestation. Groups were compared in terms of efficacy of tocolysis in prolonging pregnancy for more than 48 h, 7 days and up to 37 weeks of gestation, total number of days gained for prolonging pregnancy, delivery weeks, maternal-fetal adverse effects and neonatal outcomes including ventilation support, need for intubation or surfactant, intraventricular hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, neonatal death, Apgar scores at the 1st and 5th minutes. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two groups in prolonging pregnancy for more than 48 h or 7 days, total number of days gained after tocolysis initiation, delivery weeks, the number of births at 340/7 -366/7 weeks or after 37 weeks of gestation (P > 0.05). Maternal-fetal adverse effects and neonatal outcomes were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The efficacy of IR and osmotic push-pull system formulations of nifedipine have similar effects in terms of tocolysis and neonatal outcomes, adverse effects. Osmotic push-pull system formulation of nifedipine may be an alternative medication in tocolytic therapy due to its ease of use and the absence of loading dose necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Inan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Cenk Sayin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Nihal Dolgun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Isil Uzun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selen G Erzincan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Havva Sutcu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Fusun Varol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Farasyn T, Crowe A, Hatley O, Neuhoff S, Alam K, Kanyo J, Lam TT, Ding K, Yue W. Preincubation With Everolimus and Sirolimus Reduces Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide (OATP)1B1- and 1B3-Mediated Transport Independently of mTOR Kinase Inhibition: Implication in Assessing OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3443-3456. [PMID: 31047942 PMCID: PMC6759397 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP)1B1 and OATP1B3 mediate hepatic uptake of many drugs including lipid-lowering statins. Current studies determined the OATP1B1/1B3-mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, everolimus and sirolimus, using R-value and physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. Preincubation with everolimus and sirolimus significantly decreased OATP1B1/1B3-mediated transport even after washing and decreased inhibition constant values up to 8.3- and 2.9-fold for OATP1B1 and both 2.7-fold for OATP1B3, respectively. R-values of everolimus, but not sirolimus, were greater than the FDA-recommended cutoff value of 1.1. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models predict that everolimus and sirolimus have low OATP1B1/1B3-mediated DDI potential against pravastatin. OATP1B1/1B3-mediated transport was not affected by preincubation with INK-128 (10 μM, 1 h), which does however abolish mTOR kinase activity. The preincubation effects of everolimus and sirolimus on OATP1B1/1B3-mediated transport were similar in cells before preincubation with vehicle control or INK-128, suggesting that inhibition of mTOR activity is not a prerequisite for the preincubation effects observed for everolimus and sirolimus. Nine potential phosphorylation sites of OATP1B1 were identified by phosphoproteomics; none of these are the predicted mTOR phosphorylation sites. We report the everolimus/sirolimus-preincubation-induced inhibitory effects on OATP1B1/1B3 and relatively low OATP1B1/1B3-mediated DDI potential of everolimus and sirolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taleah Farasyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Alexandra Crowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Oliver Hatley
- Certara UK Ltd., Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
| | - Sibylle Neuhoff
- Certara UK Ltd., Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
| | - Khondoker Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Jean Kanyo
- Yale MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Yale MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.
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Dallmann A, Ince I, Coboeken K, Eissing T, Hempel G. A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Pregnant Women to Predict the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Metabolized Via Several Enzymatic Pathways. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 57:749-768. [PMID: 28924743 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling is considered a valuable tool for predicting pharmacokinetic changes in pregnancy to subsequently guide in-vivo pharmacokinetic trials in pregnant women. The objective of this study was to extend and verify a previously developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for pregnant women for the prediction of pharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized via several cytochrome P450 enzymes. METHODS Quantitative information on gestation-specific changes in enzyme activity available in the literature was incorporated in a pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model and the pharmacokinetics of eight drugs metabolized via one or multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes was predicted. The tested drugs were caffeine, midazolam, nifedipine, metoprolol, ondansetron, granisetron, diazepam, and metronidazole. Pharmacokinetic predictions were evaluated by comparison with in-vivo pharmacokinetic data obtained from the literature. RESULTS The pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model successfully predicted the pharmacokinetics of all tested drugs. The observed pregnancy-induced pharmacokinetic changes were qualitatively and quantitatively reasonably well predicted for all drugs. Ninety-seven percent of the mean plasma concentrations predicted in pregnant women fell within a twofold error range and 63% within a 1.25-fold error range. For all drugs, the predicted area under the concentration-time curve was within a 1.25-fold error range. CONCLUSION The presented pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model can quantitatively predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are metabolized via one or multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes by integrating prior knowledge of the pregnancy-related effect on these enzymes. This pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model may thus be used to identify potential exposure changes in pregnant women a priori and to eventually support informed decision making when clinical trials are designed in this special population.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Dallmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacy, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim Ince
- Clinical Pharmacometrics, Bayer AG, 51368, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Katrin Coboeken
- Clinical Pharmacometrics, Bayer AG, 51368, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eissing
- Clinical Pharmacometrics, Bayer AG, 51368, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Georg Hempel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacy, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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The relative role of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in eplerenone metabolism. Toxicol Lett 2019; 315:9-13. [PMID: 31408697 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 mediated metabolism is the rate-limiting step of elimination for many drugs. CYP3A4 is the most abundant hepatic isoform and CYP3A4/5 metabolize the largest fraction of drugs. Pharmacogenetic studies have not been able to characterize population variability in CYP3A4 activity because few variant alleles associated with aberrant enzyme activity have been found. Substrate probes such as midazolam and testosterone have been utilized in-vivo and in-vitro to determine catalytic activity of these enzymes, but they suffer from several limitations. Eplerenone, an aldosterone antagonist, is also metabolized by CYP3A enzymes, and it has the potential to be an excellent substrate probe for CYP3A4/5. Eplerenone's primary metabolite, 6 beta-hydroxyeplerenone is formed preferentially via CYP3A4, however, the relative contribution of CYP3A5 to the 21-hydroxyeplerenone metabolite formation is unknown. Through in-vitro microsomal incubations with recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 enzymes, we identified their relative contributions to 21-hydroxyeplerenone metabolism. The 21-hydroxy metabolite is formed preferentially via CYP3A5 Vmax/KM (3.3) versus CYP3A4 Vmax/KM (1.9). Based on these findings, eplerenone has the potential to serve as an in-vivo substrate probe for CYP3A4 by monitoring 6-beta-hydroxy metabolite formation as well as CYP3A4/5 by monitoring 21-hydroxy metabolite formation.
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Biotransformation of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B1 by CYP P450 3A4 and Potential for Drug-Drug Interactions. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9080158. [PMID: 31357617 PMCID: PMC6724072 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9080158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enniatins (ENNs) are fungal secondary metabolites that frequently occur in grain in temperate climates. Their toxic potency is connected to their ionophoric character and lipophilicity. The biotransformation of ENNs predominantly takes place via cytochrome P450 3A (CYP 3A)-dependent oxidation reactions. Possible interaction with ENNs is relevant since CYP3A4 is the main metabolic enzyme for numerous drugs and contaminants. In the present study, we have determined the kinetic characteristics and inhibitory potential of ENNB1 in human liver microsomes (HLM) and CYP3A4-containing nanodiscs (ND). We showed in both in vitro systems that ENNB1 is mainly metabolised by CYP3A4, producing at least eleven metabolites. Moreover, ENNB1 significantly decreased the hydroxylation rates of the typical CYP3A4-substrate midazolam (MDZ). Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is the most prevalent mycotoxin in grain and usually co-occurrs with the ENNs, was not metabolised by CYP3A4 or binding to its active site. Nevertheless, DON affected the efficiency of this biotransformation pathway both in HLM and ND. The metabolite formation rates of ENNB1 and the frequently used drugs progesterone (PGS) and atorvastatin (ARVS) lactone were noticeably reduced, which indicated a certain affinity of DON to the enzyme with subsequent conformational changes. Our results emphasise the importance of drug-drug interaction studies, also with regard to natural toxins.
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Tian DD, Leonowens C, Cox EJ, González-Pérez V, Frederick KS, Scarlett YV, Fisher MB, Paine MF. Indinavir Increases Midazolam N-Glucuronidation in Humans: Identification of an Alternate CYP3A Inhibitor Using an In Vitro to In Vivo Approach. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:724-731. [PMID: 31028057 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.087007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Midazolam is a widely used index substrate for assessing effects of xenobiotics on CYP3A activity. A previous study involving human hepatocytes showed the primary route of midazolam metabolism, 1'-hydroxylation, shifted to N-glucuronidation in the presence of the CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole, which may lead to an overprediction of the magnitude of a xenobiotic-midazolam interaction. Because ketoconazole is no longer recommended as a clinical CYP3A inhibitor, indinavir was selected as an alternate CYP3A inhibitor to evaluate the contribution of the N-glucuronidation pathway to midazolam metabolism. The effects of indinavir on midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and N-glucuronidation were first characterized in human-derived in vitro systems. Compared with vehicle, indinavir (10 μM) inhibited midazolam 1'-hydroxylation by recombinant CYP3A4, human liver microsomes, and high-CYP3A activity cryopreserved human hepatocytes by ≥70%; the IC50 obtained with hepatocytes (2.7 μM) was within reported human unbound indinavir Cmax (≤5 μM). Midazolam N-glucuronidation in hepatocytes increased in the presence of indinavir in both a concentration-dependent (1-33 μM) and time-dependent (0-4 hours) manner (by up to 2.5-fold), prompting assessment in human volunteers (n = 8). As predicted by these in vitro data, indinavir was a strong inhibitor of the 1'-hydroxylation pathway, decreasing the 1'-hydroxymidazolam/midazolam area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC)0-12h ratio by 80%. Although not statistically significant, the midazolam N-glucuronide/midazolam AUC0-12h ratio increased by 40%, suggesting a shift to the N-glucuronidation pathway. The amount of midazolam N-glucuronide recovered in urine increased 4-fold but remained <10% of the oral midazolam dose (2.5 mg). A powered clinical study would clarify whether N-glucuronidation should be considered when assessing the magnitude of a xenobiotic-midazolam interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (D.-D.T., E.J.C., V.G.-P., M.F.P.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine (Y.V.S.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (C.L.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut (K.S.F., M.B.F.)
| | - Cathrine Leonowens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (D.-D.T., E.J.C., V.G.-P., M.F.P.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine (Y.V.S.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (C.L.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut (K.S.F., M.B.F.)
| | - Emily J Cox
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (D.-D.T., E.J.C., V.G.-P., M.F.P.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine (Y.V.S.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (C.L.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut (K.S.F., M.B.F.)
| | - Vanessa González-Pérez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (D.-D.T., E.J.C., V.G.-P., M.F.P.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine (Y.V.S.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (C.L.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut (K.S.F., M.B.F.)
| | - Kosea S Frederick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (D.-D.T., E.J.C., V.G.-P., M.F.P.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine (Y.V.S.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (C.L.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut (K.S.F., M.B.F.)
| | - Yolanda V Scarlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (D.-D.T., E.J.C., V.G.-P., M.F.P.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine (Y.V.S.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (C.L.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut (K.S.F., M.B.F.)
| | - Michael B Fisher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (D.-D.T., E.J.C., V.G.-P., M.F.P.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine (Y.V.S.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (C.L.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut (K.S.F., M.B.F.)
| | - Mary F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (D.-D.T., E.J.C., V.G.-P., M.F.P.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine (Y.V.S.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (C.L.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut (K.S.F., M.B.F.)
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Chen YJ, Zhang J, Zhu PP, Tan XW, Lin QH, Wang WX, Yin SS, Gao LZ, Su MM, Liu CX, Xu L, Jia W, Sevrioukova IF, Lan K. Stereoselective Oxidation Kinetics of Deoxycholate in Recombinant and Microsomal CYP3A Enzymes: Deoxycholate 19-Hydroxylation Is an In Vitro Marker of CYP3A7 Activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:574-581. [PMID: 30918015 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary bile acids (BAs) synthesized from cholesterol in the liver are converted to secondary BAs by gut microbiota. It was recently disclosed that the major secondary BA, deoxycholate (DCA) species, is stereoselectively oxidized to tertiary BAs exclusively by CYP3A enzymes. This work subsequently investigated the in vitro oxidation kinetics of DCA at C-1β, C-3β, C-4β, C-5β, C-6α, C-6β, and C-19 in recombinant CYP3A enzymes and naive enzymes in human liver microsomes (HLMs). The stereoselective oxidation of DCA fit well with Hill kinetics at 1-300 μM in both recombinant CYP3A enzymes and pooled HLMs. With no contributions or trace contributions from CYP3A5, CYP3A7 favors oxidation at C-19, C-4β, C-6α, C-3β, and C-1β, whereas CYP3A4 favors the oxidation at C-5β and C-6β compared with each other. Correlation between DCA oxidation and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation in 14 adult single-donor HLMs provided proof-of-concept evidence that DCA 19-hydroxylation is an in vitro marker reaction for CYP3A7 activity, whereas oxidation at other sites represents mixed indicators for CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 activities. Deactivation caused by DCA-induced cytochrome P450-cytochrome P420 conversion, as shown by the spectral titrations of isolated CYP3A proteins, was observed when DCA levels were near or higher than the critical micelle concentration (about 1500 μM). Unlike CYP3A4, CYP3A7 showed abnormally elevated activities at 500 and 750 μM, which might be associated with an altered affinity for DCA multimers. The disclosed kinetic and functional roles of CYP3A isoforms in disposing of the gut bacteria-derived DCA may help in understanding the structural and functional mechanisms of CYP3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Ping-Ping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Xian-Wen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Qiu-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Wen-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Shan-Shan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Ling-Zhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Ming-Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Chang-Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Wei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Irina F Sevrioukova
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
| | - Ke Lan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (Y.-J.C., J.Z., P.-P.Z., X.-W.T., Q.-H.L., W.W., S.-S.Y., L.-Z.G., L.X., K.L.); Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (M.-M.S., W.J.); Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (I.F.S.); State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (C.-X.L.); and Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China (S.-S.Y., K.L.)
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Abstract
Clopidogrel is used in patients with coronary syndromes and at risk of thrombotic events or receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for reducing heart attack and stroke. Here we present genotype and phenotype study of Iranian patients undergoing PCI treated with clopidogrel during a 6-month period of follow-up; common variants of CYP2C19, CYP3A5, CYP3A4, and ABCB1 genes were determined as well as the patients' cardiovascular outcomes to find out the effect of these variants individually and in combination. 388 individuals receiving PCI were enrolled in this study. Different pretreatment doses of clopidogrel were prescribed under the interventional cardiologists' guidance. The patients were followed for a duration of 1 month, and 6 months. Six SNPs were selected for genotyping including CYP2C19*2 (c.681G > A), CYP2C19*3 (c.636G > A), CYP2C19*17 allele (c.-806C > T), ABCB1 (c.3435C > T), CYP3A5 (c.6986A > G), and CYP3A4 (c.1026 + 12G > A). The mean loading dose was 600 mg/day in 267 (68.8%) individuals, 300 mg/day in 121 (31.2%). 8 patients had cardiovascular events such as thrombosis, unstable angina, and non-STEMI. The studied alleles and genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. None of the SNPs individually were significantly associated with outcome events. Our results indicate that combinations of different alleles of genes are involved in pharmacokinetic variability and joint factors are important; this means that genotyping and analysis of an individual variant may not be as straightforward in risk assessment and pharmacogenetics. This highlights the importance of personalized medicine in risk assessment and treatment.
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Ghassabian S, Gillani TB, Rawling T, Crettol S, Nair PC, Murray M. Sorafenib N-Oxide Is an Inhibitor of Human Hepatic CYP3A4. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:15. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang HJ, Lu CK, Chen WC, Chen AC, Ueng YF. Shenmai-Yin decreased the clearance of nifedipine in rats: The involvement of time-dependent inhibition of nifedipine oxidation. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:284-294. [PMID: 30648582 PMCID: PMC9298630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese herbal formula Shenmai-Yin (SY) and nifedipine have both been used to treat patients with cardiovascular disorders. Nifedipine is primarily oxidized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A. The oxidation and pharmacokinetics of nifedipine were studied in rats in vitro and in vivo to illustrate the interaction of SY with nifedipine. Schisandrol A, schisandrin A and schisandrin B were identified as the main lignans in SY. In the study in vitro, the ethanolic extract of SY was used due to the solubility and the extract inhibited nifedipine oxidation (NFO) activity in a time-dependent manner. Among lignans, schisandrin B caused the most potent inhibition. According to the time-dependent inhibition behavior, rats were treated with SY 1 h before nifedipine administration. After oral treatment with 1.9 g/kg SY, nifedipine clearance decreased by 34% and half-life increased by 142%. SY treatment decreased hepatic NFO activity by 49%. Compared to the change caused by ketoconazole, the SY-mediated reduction of nifedipine clearance was moderate. These findings demonstrate that SY causes a time-dependent inhibition of NFO and schisandrin B contributes to the inhibition. The decreased nifedipine clearance by SY in rats warrants further human study to examine the clinical impact of this decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jaan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- Division of Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ching Chen
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - An-Chi Chen
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Yune-Fang Ueng
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author: Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1, Li-Nong Street, Sec. 2, Taipei 112, Taiwan. Fax: +886 2 28264266. E-mail address: (Y.-F. Ueng)
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Maeng HJ, Doan TNK, Yoon IS. Differential regulation of intestinal and hepatic CYP3A by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 : Effects on in vivo oral absorption and disposition of buspirone in rats. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:333-342. [PMID: 30537097 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (also called 1,25(OH)2 D3 or calcitriol) is the biologically active form of vitamin D, which functions as a ligand to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). It was previously reported that intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) expression was altered by 1,25(OH)2 D3 -mediated VDR activation. However, to clarify whether the change in CYP3A subfamily expression by VDR activation can affect metabolic function, further evidence is needed to prove the effect of 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment on CYP3A-mediated drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Here, we report the effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on CYP3A activity and in vivo pharmacokinetics of buspirone in Sprague-Dawley rats. CYP3A mRNA expression and CYP3A-mediated testosterone metabolism were enhanced in the intestine but were unaffected in the livers of rats treated with 1,25(OH)2 D3 . Notably, the oral pharmacokinetic profile of buspirone (CYP3A substrate drug) and 6'-hydroxybuspirone (major active metabolite of buspirone formed via CYP3A-mediated metabolism) was significantly altered, while its intravenous pharmacokinetic profile was not affected by 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first reported data regarding the effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral buspirone in rats, by the differential modulation of hepatic and intestinal CYP3A activity. Our present results could lead to further studies in clinically significant CYP3A-mediated drug-nutrient interactions with 1,25(OH)2 D3 , including 1,25(OH)2 D3 -buspirone interaction. Preclinical Research & Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | | | - In-Soo Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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CO2-Catalyzed Efficient Dehydrogenation of Amines with Detailed Mechanistic and Kinetic Studies. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mengesha HG, Welegerima AH, Hadgu A, Temesgen H, Otieno MG, Tsegay K, Fisseha T, Getachew S, Merha Z, Tewodros H, Dabessa J, Gebreegzabher B, Petrucka P. Comparative effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs prescribed in Ethiopian healthcare practice: A pilot prospective, randomized, open label study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203166. [PMID: 30204768 PMCID: PMC6133365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has been highly suggestive that patients of African ancestry are less responsive to beta-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. However, clinical practice within Ethiopia has continued to recommend all drugs for treatment of hypertension despite the lack of evidentiary support. Therefore this study aims to compare the effectiveness of the three major antihypertensive drugs currently prescribed in an Ethiopian health care setting to further the potential for evidence based prescribing practices. METHODS A prospective, randomized, open label comparative study was used to determine the mean reduction in blood pressure (primary outcome) and assess cardiovascular events (secondary outcomes) among patients receiving one or more of three common antihypertensive drugs (i.e., nifedipine, hydrochlorothiazide, and enalapril) in routine clinical practice between November 2016 and April 2017. Patients were followed for three months. Analysis was based on an intention-to-treat approach. One way analysis of covariance was used to compare the difference in therapeutic effectiveness in reducing blood pressure. RESULT A total of 141 patients were randomized to one of three recipient groups-nifedipine (n = 47), enalapril (n = 47) or hydrochlorothiazide (n = 47). Three months after randomization, 44 patients in each group completed the follow-up. Patients randomized to nifedipine had significantly higher mean reduction in systolic blood pressure than those randomized to enalapril(p = 0.003) or hydrochlorothiazide(p = 0.036). The mean reduction in systolic blood pressure was -37.35(CI:-40, -34.2) in the nifedipine group; -30.3(CI: -33.5, -27.1) in patients receiving enalapril; and -32.1(CI:-35, -29.3) in patients assigned hydrochlorothiazide. However, nifedipine did not have a significance difference in reduction of mean diastolic blood pressure compared than those receiving enalapril (p = 0.57) or hydrochlorthiazide (p = 0.99). CONCLUSION This study revealed that amongst the three drugs nifedipine was found to be the most effective drug in reduction of systolic blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide and enalapril did not show a difference in reduction of mean blood pressure. Further, long term randomized trials are highly recommended to inform revision of Ethiopia-centric hypertension treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abera Hadgu
- Departement of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Temesgen
- School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mala George Otieno
- College of Health Science, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kiflom Tsegay
- Adwa Hospital, Internal Medicine Unit, Adwa, Ethiopia
| | - Tedros Fisseha
- Adigrat Hospital, Internal Medicine Unit, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | | | - Zekarias Merha
- Kidst Mariam Hospital, Internal Medicine Unit, Axum, Ethiopa
| | - Helen Tewodros
- Mekelle Hospital, Internal Medicine Unit, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Jiksa Dabessa
- Ayder Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine Unit, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | - Pammla Petrucka
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Adjunct Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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Fuhr U, Hsin CH, Li X, Jabrane W, Sörgel F. Assessment of Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions in Humans: In Vivo Probe Substrates for Drug Metabolism and Drug Transport Revisited. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 59:507-536. [PMID: 30156973 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic parameters of selective probe substrates are used to quantify the activity of an individual pharmacokinetic process (PKP) and the effect of perpetrator drugs thereon in clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies. For instance, oral caffeine is used to quantify hepatic CYP1A2 activity, and oral dagibatran etexilate for intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. However, no probe substrate depends exclusively on the PKP it is meant to quantify. Lack of selectivity for a given enzyme/transporter and expression of the respective enzyme/transporter at several sites in the human body are the main challenges. Thus, a detailed understanding of the role of individual PKPs for the pharmacokinetics of any probe substrate is essential to allocate the effect of a perpetrator drug to a specific PKP; this is a prerequisite for reliably informed pharmacokinetic models that will allow for the quantitative prediction of perpetrator effects on therapeutic drugs, also in respective patient populations not included in DDI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Fuhr
- Department I of Pharmacology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsin
- Department I of Pharmacology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Xia Li
- Department I of Pharmacology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Wafaâ Jabrane
- Department I of Pharmacology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Fritz Sörgel
- Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 90562 Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany
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A Semi-Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Describing the Altered Metabolism of Midazolam Due to Inflammation in Mice. Pharm Res 2018; 35:162. [PMID: 29931580 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate influence of inflammation on metabolism and pharmacokinetics (PK) of midazolam (MDZ) and construct a semi-physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict PK in mice with inflammatory disease. METHODS Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI)-mediated inflammation was used as a preclinical model of arthritis in DBA/1 mice. CYP3A substrate MDZ was selected to study changes in metabolism and PK during the inflammation. The semi-PBPK model was constructed using mouse physiological parameters, liver microsome metabolism, and healthy animal PK data. In addition, serum cytokine, and liver-CYP (cytochrome P450 enzymes) mRNA levels were examined. RESULTS The in vitro metabolite formation rate was suppressed in liver microsomes prepared from the GPI-treated mice as compared to the healthy mice. Further, clearance of MDZ was reduced during inflammation as compared to the healthy group. Finally, the semi-PBPK model was used to predict PK of MDZ after GPI-mediated inflammation. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were elevated and liver-cyp3a11 mRNA was reduced after GPI treatment. CONCLUSION The semi-PBPK model successfully predicted PK parameters of MDZ in the disease state. The model may be applied to predict PK of other drugs under disease conditions using healthy animal PK and liver microsomal data as inputs.
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Huang Z, Xu Z, Wang H, Zhao ZQ, Rao Y. Influence of ethanol on the metabolism of alprazolam. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:551-559. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1483338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- State Key Lab. of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - ZQ Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lindmark B, Lundahl A, Kanebratt KP, Andersson TB, Isin EM. Human hepatocytes and cytochrome P450-selective inhibitors predict variability in human drug exposure more accurately than human recombinant P450s. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2116-2129. [PMID: 29574682 PMCID: PMC5980217 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drugs metabolically eliminated by several enzymes are less vulnerable to variable compound exposure in patients due to drug-drug interactions (DDI) or if a polymorphic enzyme is involved in their elimination. Therefore, it is vital in drug discovery to accurately and efficiently estimate and optimize the metabolic elimination profile. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CYP3A and/or CYP2D6 substrates with well described variability in vivo in humans due to CYP3A DDI and CYP2D6 polymorphism were selected for assessment of fraction metabolized by each enzyme (fmCYP ) in two in vitro systems: (i) human recombinant P450s (hrP450s) and (ii) human hepatocytes combined with selective P450 inhibitors. Increases in compound exposure in poor versus extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers and by the strong CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole were mathematically modelled and predicted changes in exposure were compared with in vivo data. KEY RESULTS Predicted changes in exposure were within twofold of reported in vivo values using fmCYP estimated in human hepatocytes and there was a strong linear correlation between predicted and observed changes in exposure (r2 = 0.83 for CYP3A, r2 = 0.82 for CYP2D6). Predictions using fmCYP in hrP450s were not as accurate (r2 = 0.55 for CYP3A, r2 = 0.20 for CYP2D6). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results suggest that variability in human drug exposure due to DDI and enzyme polymorphism can be accurately predicted using fmCYP from human hepatocytes and CYP-selective inhibitors. This approach can be efficiently applied in drug discovery to aid optimization of candidate drugs with a favourable metabolic elimination profile and limited variability in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lindmark
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lundahl
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kajsa P Kanebratt
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tommy B Andersson
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emre M Isin
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Inhibition of CYP3A by Antimalarial Piperaquine and Its Metabolites in Human Liver Microsomes With IVIV Extrapolation. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1461-1467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vishwakarma SK, Bardia A, Lakkireddy C, Nagarapu R, Habeeb MA, Khan AA. Bioengineered humanized livers as better three-dimensional drug testing model system. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:22-33. [PMID: 29399275 PMCID: PMC5787681 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop appropriate humanized three-dimensional ex-vivo model system for drug testing.
METHODS Bioengineered humanized livers were developed in this study using human hepatic stem cells repopulation within the acellularized liver scaffolds which mimics with the natural organ anatomy and physiology. Six cytochrome P-450 probes were used to enable efficient identification of drug metabolism in bioengineered humanized livers. The drug metabolism study in bioengineered livers was evaluated to identify the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity responses.
RESULTS The bioengineered humanized livers showed cellular and molecular characteristics of human livers. The bioengineered liver showed three-dimensional natural architecture with intact vasculature and extra-cellular matrix. Human hepatic cells were engrafted similar to the human liver. Drug metabolism studies provided a suitable platform alternative to available ex-vivo and in vivo models for identifying cellular and molecular dynamics of pharmacological drugs.
CONCLUSION The present study paves a way towards the development of suitable humanized preclinical model systems for pharmacological testing. This approach may reduce the cost and time duration of preclinical drug testing and further overcomes on the anatomical and physiological variations in xenogeneic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Avinash Bardia
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Chandrakala Lakkireddy
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Raju Nagarapu
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Md Aejaz Habeeb
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
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