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Thomas A, Lobingier BT, Schultz C, Laguerre A. Cannabinoid Receptor Signaling is Dependent on Sub-Cellular Location. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586146. [PMID: 38562854 PMCID: PMC10983902 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane bound signaling molecules that regulate many aspects of human physiology. Recent advances have demonstrated that GPCR signaling can occur both at the cell surface and internal cellular membranes. Our findings suggest that cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) signaling is highly dependent on its subcellular location. We find that intracellular CB1 receptors predominantly couple to Gαi while plasma membrane receptors couple to Gαs. Here we show subcellular location of CB1, and its signaling, is contingent on the choice of promoters and receptor tags. Heterologous expression with a strong promoter or N-terminal tag resulted in CB1 predominantly localizing to the plasma membrane and signaling through Gαs. Conversely, CB1 driven by low expressing promoters and lacking N-terminal genetic tags largely localized to internal membranes and signals via Gαi. Lastly, we demonstrate that genetically encodable non-canonical amino acids (ncAA) offer a solution to the problem of non-native N-terminal tags disrupting CB1 signaling. We identified sites in CB1R and CB2R which can be tagged with fluorophores without disrupting CB signaling or trafficking using (trans-cyclooctene attached to lysine (TCO*A)) and copper-free click chemistry to attach fluorophores in live cells. Together, our data demonstrate the origin of location bias in cannabinoid signaling which can be experimentally controlled and tracked in living cells through promoters and novel CBR tagging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Thomas
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Braden T Lobingier
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aurélien Laguerre
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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2
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Li Y, Eans SO, Ganno-Sherwood M, Eliasof A, Houghten RA, McLaughlin JP. Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of a Low-Liability Antinociceptive Bifunctional MOR/DOR Cyclic Peptide. Molecules 2023; 28:7548. [PMID: 38005269 PMCID: PMC10674865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based opioid ligands are important candidates for the development of novel, safer, and more effective analgesics to treat pain. To develop peptide-based safer analgesics, we synthesized a mixture-based cyclic pentapeptide library containing a total of 24,624 pentapeptides and screened the mixture-based library samples using a 55 °C warm water tail-withdrawal assay. Using this phenotypic screening approach, we deconvoluted the mixture-based samples to identify a novel cyclic peptide Tyr-[D-Lys-Dap(Ant)-Thr-Gly] (CycloAnt), which produced dose- and time-dependent antinociception with an ED50 (and 95% confidence interval) of 0.70 (0.52-0.97) mg/kg i.p. mediated by the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Additionally, higher doses (≥3 mg/kg, i.p.) of CycloAnt antagonized delta-opioid receptors (DOR) for at least 3 h. Pharmacological characterization of CycloAnt showed the cyclic peptide did not reduce breathing rate in mice at doses up to 15 times the analgesic ED50 value, and produced dramatically less hyperlocomotion than the MOR agonist, morphine. While chronic administration of CycloAnt resulted in antinociceptive tolerance, it was without opioid-induced hyperalgesia and with significantly reduced signs of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, which suggested reduced physical dependence compared to morphine. Collectively, the results suggest this dual MOR/DOR multifunctional ligand is an excellent lead for the development of peptide-based safer analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Li
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Shainnel O. Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Michelle Ganno-Sherwood
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.G.-S.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Abbe Eliasof
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Richard A. Houghten
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.G.-S.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Jay P. McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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Radoux-Mergault A, Oberhauser L, Aureli S, Gervasio FL, Stoeber M. Subcellular location defines GPCR signal transduction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6059. [PMID: 37075112 PMCID: PMC10115417 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be activated by permeant ligands, which contributes to agonist selectivity. Opioid receptors (ORs) provide a notable example, where opioid drugs rapidly activate ORs in the Golgi apparatus. Our knowledge on intracellular GPCR function remains incomplete, and it is unknown whether OR signaling in plasma membrane (PM) and Golgi apparatus differs. Here, we assess the recruitment of signal transducers to mu- and delta-ORs in both compartments. We find that Golgi ORs couple to Gαi/o probes and are phosphorylated but, unlike PM receptors, do not recruit β-arrestin or a specific Gα probe. Molecular dynamics simulations with OR-transducer complexes in bilayers mimicking PM or Golgi composition reveal that the lipid environment promotes the location-selective coupling. We then show that delta-ORs in PM and Golgi have distinct effects on transcription and protein phosphorylation. The study reveals that the subcellular location defines the signaling effects of opioid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Oberhauser
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Aureli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Luigi Gervasio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Miriam Stoeber
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Xuan SM, Su YW, Liang YM, Gao ZJ, Liu CY, Fan BF, Shi YW, Wang XG, Zhao H. mGluR5 in amygdala modulates fear memory generalization. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1072642. [PMID: 36891323 PMCID: PMC9986332 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1072642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fear memory generalization is regarded as the core characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development. However, the mechanism that contributes to the generalization of conditioned fear memory is still unclear. The generalization is generally considered to be a mismatch that occurs during memory consolidation. Methods Foot shocks and tones were given as unconditioned stress and conditioned stress, respectively for fear conditioning training. Immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and qPCR were performed to determine the expression of different genes in amygdala of mice after fear conditioning training. Cycloheximide was used as a protein synthesis inhibitor and 2-methyl-6-phenylethynyl-pyridine was injected for mGluR5 inhibition. Results Fear conditioning using caused incremental generalization, which was clearly observed during training. The density of c-Fos+ cells or the synaptic p-NMDAR expression did not differ with stress intensities. Strong-shock fear conditioning could induce significant mGluR5 de novo synthesis in the amygdala, which was not observed in the weak-shock group. Inhibition of mGluR5 impaired fear memory generalization induced by strong-shock fear conditioning, but the generalization level induced by weak-shock training was enhanced. Discussion These results indicated that mGluR5 in the amygdala is critical to the function of inappropriate fear memory generalization and suggested that this may be a potential target for the treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Min Xuan
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Wen Su
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Meng Liang
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Gao
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bu-Fang Fan
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Wei Shi
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Wang
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yadav P, Podia M, Kumari SP, Mani I. Glutamate receptor endocytosis and signaling in neurological conditions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:167-207. [PMID: 36813358 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The non-essential amino acid glutamate acts as a major excitatory neurotransmitter and plays a significant role in the central nervous system (CNS). It binds with two different types of receptors, ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), responsible for the postsynaptic excitation of neurons. They are important for memory, neural development and communication, and learning. Endocytosis and subcellular trafficking of the receptor are essential for the regulation of receptor expression on the cell membrane and excitation of the cells. The endocytosis and trafficking of the receptor are dependent on its type, ligand, agonist, and antagonist present. This chapter discusses the types of glutamate receptors, their subtypes, and the regulation of their internalization and trafficking. The roles of glutamate receptors in neurological diseases are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansi Podia
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Prabha Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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6
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Caniceiro AB, Bueschbell B, Schiedel AC, Moreira IS. Class A and C GPCR Dimers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2081-2141. [PMID: 35339177 PMCID: PMC9886835 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220327221830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect over 30 million people worldwide with an ascending trend. Most individuals suffering from these irreversible brain damages belong to the elderly population, with onset between 50 and 60 years. Although the pathophysiology of such diseases is partially known, it remains unclear upon which point a disease turns degenerative. Moreover, current therapeutics can treat some of the symptoms but often have severe side effects and become less effective in long-term treatment. For many neurodegenerative diseases, the involvement of G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs), which are key players of neuronal transmission and plasticity, has become clearer and holds great promise in elucidating their biological mechanism. With this review, we introduce and summarize class A and class C GPCRs, known to form heterodimers or oligomers to increase their signalling repertoire. Additionally, the examples discussed here were shown to display relevant alterations in brain signalling and had already been associated with the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative diseases. Lastly, we classified the heterodimers into two categories of crosstalk, positive or negative, for which there is known evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Caniceiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Beatriz Bueschbell
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Irina S. Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; ,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal,Address correspondence to this author at the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; E-mail:
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7
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Yang HM, Hou TZ, Zhang YN, Zhao SD, Wu YL, Zhang H. Blocked metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 enhances chemosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma and attenuates chemotoxicity in the normal liver by regulating DNA damage. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1487-1501. [PMID: 35396501 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA damaging agents are used as chemotherapeutics in many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, they are associated with problems such as low sensitivity to chemotherapy and the induction of liver injury, underscoring the need to identify new therapies. Here, we investigated the differential regulatory effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) on chemosensitivity in HCC and chemotoxicity to the normal liver. The expression of mGlu5 was higher in HCC than in the normal liver, and correlated with poor prognosis according to The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Integrative Molecular Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cisplatin, oxaliplatin or methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) caused cell death by decreasing mGlu5 expression in HCC cells and increased mGlu5 expression in hepatic cells. In HCC cells, inhibition of mGlu5 aggravated MMS-induced DNA damage by increasing intracellular Ca2+ overload and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, thereby promoting cell death, and activation of mGlu5 rescued the effect of MMS. However, in hepatic cells, mGlu5 inhibition alleviated MMS-induced DNA damage by downregulating Ca2+-derived MAPK pathways to advance hepatic cell survival. The opposite effects of mGlu5 overexpression or knockdown on MMS-induced DNA damage supported that cell death is a result of the differential regulation of mGlu5 expression. Inhibition of mGlu5 increased chemosensitivity and decreased chemotoxicity in a rat tumor model. This study suggests that mGlu5 inhibition could act synergistically with HCC chemotherapeutics with minimal side effects, which may improve the treatment of patients with HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Zhong Hou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Le Wu
- Center of Hepatic and Digestive Disease, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Interacting Partners: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020840. [PMID: 35055030 PMCID: PMC8778124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors (mGlu1/5 subtypes) are G protein-coupled receptors and are broadly expressed in the mammalian brain. These receptors play key roles in the modulation of normal glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity, and abnormal mGlu1/5 signaling is linked to the pathogenesis and symptomatology of various mental and neurological disorders. Group I mGlu receptors are noticeably regulated via a mechanism involving dynamic protein-protein interactions. Several synaptic protein kinases were recently found to directly bind to the intracellular domains of mGlu1/5 receptors and phosphorylate the receptors at distinct amino acid residues. A variety of scaffolding and adaptor proteins also interact with mGlu1/5. Constitutive or activity-dependent interactions between mGlu1/5 and their interacting partners modulate trafficking, anchoring, and expression of the receptors. The mGlu1/5-associated proteins also finetune the efficacy of mGlu1/5 postreceptor signaling and mGlu1/5-mediated synaptic plasticity. This review analyzes the data from recent studies and provides an update on the biochemical and physiological properties of a set of proteins or molecules that interact with and thus regulate mGlu1/5 receptors.
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9
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Atallah R, Gindlhuber J, Platzer W, Bärnthaler T, Tatzl E, Toller W, Strutz J, Rittchen S, Luschnig P, Birner-Gruenberger R, Wadsack C, Heinemann A. SUCNR1 Is Expressed in Human Placenta and Mediates Angiogenesis: Significance in Gestational Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12048. [PMID: 34769478 PMCID: PMC8585094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental hypervascularization has been reported in pregnancy-related pathologies such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Nevertheless, the underlying causes behind this abnormality are not well understood. In this study, we addressed the expression of SUCNR1 (cognate succinate receptor) in human placental endothelial cells and hypothesized that the succinate-SUCNR1 axis might play a role in the placental hypervascularization reported in GDM. We measured significantly higher succinate levels in placental tissue lysates from women with GDM relative to matched controls. In parallel, SUCNR1 protein expression was upregulated in GDM tissue lysates as well as in isolated diabetic fetoplacental arterial endothelial cells (FpECAds). A positive correlation of SUCNR1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels in tissue lysates indicated a potential link between the succinate-SUCNR1 axis and placental angiogenesis. In our in vitro experiments, succinate prompted hallmarks of angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) such as proliferation, migration and spheroid sprouting. These results were further validated in fetoplacental arterial endothelial cells (FpECAs), where succinate induced endothelial tube formation. VEGF gene expression was increased in response to succinate in both HUVECs and FpECAs. Yet, knockdown of SUCNR1 in HUVECs led to suppression of VEGF gene expression and abrogated the migratory ability and wound healing in response to succinate. In conclusion, our data underline SUCNR1 as a promising metabolic target in human placenta and as a potential driver of enhanced placental angiogenesis in GDM.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes, Gestational/genetics
- Diabetes, Gestational/metabolism
- Diabetes, Gestational/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics
- Placenta/blood supply
- Placenta/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Atallah
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
- National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (R.B.-G.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Platzer
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Eva Tatzl
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.T.); (W.T.)
| | - Wolfgang Toller
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.T.); (W.T.)
| | - Jasmin Strutz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (J.S.); (C.W.)
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Sonja Rittchen
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Petra Luschnig
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.G.); (R.B.-G.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (J.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.A.); (W.P.); (T.B.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
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10
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Chiu AS, Kang MC, Huerta Sanchez LL, Fabella AM, Holder KN, Barger BD, Elias KN, Shin CB, Jimenez Chavez CL, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. Preclinical evidence to support repurposing everolimus for craving reduction during protracted drug withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2090-2100. [PMID: 34188183 PMCID: PMC8505628 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cue-elicited drug-craving is a cardinal feature of addiction that intensifies (incubates) during protracted withdrawal. In a rat model, these addiction-related behavioral pathologies are mediated, respectively, by time-dependent increases in PI3K/Akt1 signaling and reduced Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) expression, within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Herein, we examined the capacity of single oral dosing with everolimus, an FDA-approved inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt effector mTOR, to reduce incubated cocaine-craving and reverse incubation-associated changes in vmPFC kinase activity and mGlu expression. Rats were trained to lever-press for intravenous infusions of cocaine or delivery of sucrose pellets and then subjected to tests for cue-reinforced responding during early (3 days) or late (30-46 days) withdrawal. Rats were gavage-infused with everolimus (0-1.0 mg/kg), either prior to testing to examine for effects upon reinforcer-seeking behavior, or immediately following testing to probe effects upon the consolidation of extinction learning. Single oral dosing with everolimus dose-dependently blocked cocaine-seeking during late withdrawal and the effect lasted at least 24 h. No everolimus effects were observed for cue-elicited sucrose-seeking or cocaine-seeking in early withdrawal. In addition, everolimus treatment, following initial cue-testing, reduced subsequent cue hyper-responsivity exhibited observed during late withdrawal, arguing a facilitation of extinction memory consolidation. everolimus' "anti-incubation" effect was associated with a reversal of withdrawal-induced changes in indices of PI3K/Akt1/mTOR activity, as well as Homer protein and mGlu1/5 expression, within the prelimbic (PL) subregion of the prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate mTOR inhibition as a viable strategy for interrupting heightened cocaine-craving and facilitating addiction recovery during protracted withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin S Chiu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Matthew C Kang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Laura L Huerta Sanchez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Anne M Fabella
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kalysta N Holder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Brooke D Barger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kristina N Elias
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Christina B Shin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - C Leonardo Jimenez Chavez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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11
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Cepeda-Prado EA, Khodaie B, Quiceno GD, Beythien S, Edelmann E, Lessmann V. Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors Mediate Timing-Dependent LTP Elicited by Low Repeat Coincident Pre- and Postsynaptic Activity at Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Synapses. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1682-1703. [PMID: 34498663 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-frequency stimulation induced long-term potentiation (LTP) and low-frequency stimulation induced LTD are considered as cellular models of memory formation. Interestingly, spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) can induce equally robust timing-dependent LTP (t-LTP) and t-LTD in response to low frequency repeats of coincident action potential (AP) firing in presynaptic and postsynaptic cells. Commonly, STDP paradigms relying on 25-100 repeats of coincident AP firing are used to elicit t-LTP or t-LTD, but the minimum number of repeats required for successful STDP is barely explored. However, systematic investigation of physiologically relevant low repeat STDP paradigms is of utmost importance to explain learning mechanisms in vivo. Here, we examined low repeat STDP at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses by pairing one presynaptic AP with either one postsynaptic AP (1:1 t-LTP), or a burst of 4 APs (1:4 t-LTP) and found 3-6 repeats to be sufficient to elicit t-LTP. 6× 1:1 t-LTP required postsynaptic Ca2+ influx via NMDARs and L-type VGCCs and was mediated by increased presynaptic glutamate release. In contrast, 1:4 t-LTP depended on postsynaptic metabotropic GluRs and ryanodine receptor signaling and was mediated by postsynaptic insertion of AMPA receptors. Unexpectedly, both 6× t-LTP variants were strictly dependent on activation of postsynaptic Ca2+-permeable AMPARs but were differentially regulated by dopamine receptor signaling. Our data show that synaptic changes induced by only 3-6 repeats of mild STDP stimulation occurring in ≤10 s can take place on time scales observed also during single trial learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrain A Cepeda-Prado
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Babak Khodaie
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.,OVGU International ESF-funded Graduate School ABINEP, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
| | - Gloria D Quiceno
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Swantje Beythien
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Elke Edelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.,OVGU International ESF-funded Graduate School ABINEP, Magdeburg 39104, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.,OVGU International ESF-funded Graduate School ABINEP, Magdeburg 39104, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Methamphetamine abuse leads to devastating consequences, including addiction, crime, and death. Despite decades of research, no medication has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Methamphetamine Use Disorder. Thus, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches. Animal studies demonstrate that methamphetamine exposure dysregulates forebrain function involving the Group-I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5), which is predominantly localized to postsynaptic sites. Allosteric modulators of mGlu5 offer a unique opportunity to modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission selectively, thereby potentially ameliorating methamphetamine-induced disruptions. Negative allosteric modulators of mGlu5 attenuate the effects of methamphetamine, including rewarding/reinforcing properties of the drug across animal models, and have shown promising effects in clinical trials for Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. Preclinical studies have also sparked great interest in mGlu5 positive allosteric modulators, which exhibit antipsychotic and anxiolytic properties, and facilitate extinction learning when access to methamphetamine is removed, possibly via the amelioration of methamphetamine-induced cognitive deficits. Clinical research is now needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the mGlu5 receptor-related effects of methamphetamine and the contributions of these effects to addictive behaviors. The growing array of mGlu5 allosteric modulators provides excellent tools for this purpose and may offer the prospect of developing tailored and effective medications for Methamphetamine Use Disorder.
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13
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Arsova A, Møller TC, Hellyer SD, Vedel L, Foster SR, Hansen JL, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gregory KJ. Positive Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 as Tool Compounds to Study Signaling Bias. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:328-341. [PMID: 33602724 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptor has emerged as a potential new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of schizophrenia and cognitive impairments. However, positive allosteric modulator (PAM) agonist activity has been associated with adverse side effects, and neurotoxicity has also been observed for pure PAMs. The structural and pharmacological basis of therapeutic versus adverse mGlu5 PAM in vivo effects remains unknown. Thus, gaining insights into the signaling fingerprints, as well as the binding kinetics of structurally diverse mGlu5 PAMs, may help in the rational design of compounds with desired properties. We assessed the binding and signaling profiles of N-methyl-5-(phenylethynyl)pyrimidin-2-amine (MPPA), 3-cyano-N-(2,5-diphenylpyrazol-3-yl)benzamide (CDPPB), and 1-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(4-pyridylmethoxy)ethenone [compound 2c, a close analog of 1-(4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)ethanone] in human embryonic kidney 293A cells stably expressing mGlu5 using Ca2+ mobilization, inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and receptor internalization assays. Of the three allosteric ligands, only CDPPB had intrinsic agonist efficacy, and it also had the longest receptor residence time and highest affinity. MPPA was a biased PAM, showing higher positive cooperativity with orthosteric agonists in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Ca2+ mobilization over IP1 accumulation and receptor internalization. In primary cortical neurons, all three PAMs showed stronger positive cooperativity with (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) in Ca2+ mobilization over IP1 accumulation. Our characterization of three structurally diverse mGlu5 PAMs provides further molecular pharmacological insights and presents the first assessment of PAM-mediated mGlu5 internalization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Enhancing metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) activity is a promising strategy to treat cognitive and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. It is increasingly evident that positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGlu5 are not all equal in preclinical models; there remains a need to better understand the molecular pharmacological properties of mGlu5 PAMs. This study reports detailed characterization of the binding and functional pharmacological properties of mGlu5 PAMs and is the first study of the effects of mGlu5 PAMs on receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Arsova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Shane D Hellyer
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Jakob L Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
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14
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Wang Y, Gu L, Yang HM, Zhang H. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand protects dopaminergic neurons by differentially regulating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the progression of neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease model. Neurotoxicology 2021; 84:14-29. [PMID: 33571554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to limitations in early diagnosis and treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD), it is necessary to explore the neuropathological changes that occur early in PD progression and to design neuroprotective therapies to prevent or delay the ongoing degeneration process. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) has shown both diagnostic and therapeutic potential in preclinical studies on PD. Clinical trials using mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators to treat PD have, however, raised limitations about the neuroprotective role of mGlu5. It is likely that mGlu5 has different regulatory roles in different stages of PD. Here, we investigated a protective role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand (CAL) in the progression of PD by differential regulation of mGlu5 expression and activity to protect against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity. Following treatment with 6-OHDA, mGlu5 and CAL expressions were elevated in the early stage and reduced in the late stage, both in vitro and in vivo. Activation of mGlu5 in the early stage by (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine, or blocking mGlu5 in the late stage by 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine, increased cell survival and inhibited apoptosis, but these effects were significantly weakened by knockdown of CAL. CAL alleviated 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by regulating mGlu5-mediated signaling pathways, thereby maintaining the physiological function of mGlu5 in different disease stages. In PD rat model, CAL deficiency aggravated 6-OHDA toxicity on dopaminergic neurons and increased motor dysfunction because of lack of regulation of mGlu5 activity. These data reveal a potential mechanism by which CAL specifically regulates the opposite activity of mGlu5 in progression of PD to protect against neurotoxicity, suggesting that CAL is a favorable endogenous target for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, China.
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15
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Akkus F, Terbeck S, Haggarty CJ, Treyer V, Dietrich JJ, Hornschuh S, Hasler G. The role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in nicotine addiction. CNS Spectr 2020; 26:1-6. [PMID: 32713396 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852920001704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the evidence for the potential involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the development of nicotine addiction. Nicotine is consumed worldwide and is highly addictive. Previous research has extensively investigated the role of dopamine in association with reward learning and addiction, which has provided strong evidence for the involvement of dopaminergic neuronal circuitry in nicotine addiction. More recently, researchers focused on glutamatergic transmission after nicotine abuse, and its involvement in the reinforcing and rewarding effects of nicotine addiction. A number of robust preclinical and clinical studies have shown mGluR5 signaling as a facilitating mechanism of nicotine addiction and nicotine withdrawal. Specifically, clinical studies have illustrated lower cortical mGluR5 density in smokers compared to nonsmokers in the human brain. In addition, mGluR5 might selectively regulate craving and withdrawal. This suggests that mGluR5 could be a key receptor in the development of nicotine addiction and therefore clinical trials to examine the therapeutic potential of mGluR5 agents could help to contribute to reduce nicotine addiction in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Akkus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Psychiatrie St. Gallen Nord, Wil, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Terbeck
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, LiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Connor J Haggarty
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, LiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janan J Dietrich
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Hornschuh
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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16
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Progression of obsessive compulsive disorder-like grooming in Sapap3 knockout mice: A longitudinal [ 11C]ABP688 PET study. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108160. [PMID: 32454126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate [3-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-ylethynyl)-cyclohex-2-enone-0-11C-methyloxime] ([11C]ABP688) small animal positron emission tomography (μPET) as a biomarker to visualize possible longitudinal changes in metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) availability in the brain of SAP90/PSD-95 associated protein 3 (Sapap3) knockout (ko) mice, showing obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)-like behavior. METHODS Alongside the assessment of grooming, we performed [11C]ABP688 μPET/CT imaging in wildtype (wt; n=10) and ko (n=11) mice both at 3 and 9 months. Using the simplified reference tissue method (SRTM), the nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated representing the in vivo availability of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the brain with the cerebellum as a reference region. Longitudinal voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was performed on BPND images. Results were verified using [11C]ABP688 ex vivo autoradiography, [3H]ABP688 in vitro autoradiography, and mGluR5 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cross-sectional comparisons revealed significantly increased grooming parameters in ko animals, at both time points. A significant longitudinal increase in % grooming duration (+268.25%; p<0.05) reflected aggravation of this behavior in ko mice. [11C]ABP688 μPET revealed significantly lower mGluR5 availability in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and amygdala of ko mice at both ages. A significant longitudinal BPND decline was present for ko mice (p<0.01: cortex -17.14%, striatum -19.82%, amygdala -23.57%; p<0.05: hippocampus -15.53%), which was confirmed by SPM (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Sapap3 ko mice show a decline in mGluR5 availability in OCD relevant brain regions parallel to the worsening of OCD-like behavior. This demonstrates a potential role for [11C]ABP688 PET as a biomarker to monitor disease progression in vivo.
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17
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Effects of the Positive Allosteric Modulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5, VU-29, on Maintenance Association between Environmental Cues and Rewarding Properties of Ethanol in Rats. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050793. [PMID: 32443872 PMCID: PMC7277181 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
: Metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptors are implicated in various forms of synaptic plasticity, including drugs of abuse. In drug-addicted individuals, associative memories can drive relapse to drug use. The present study investigated the potential of the mGlu5 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM), VU-29 (30 mg/kg, i.p.), to inhibit the maintenance of a learned association between ethanol and environmental context by using conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. The ethanol-CPP was established by the administration of ethanol (1.0 g/kg, i.p. × 10 days) using an unbiased procedure. Following ethanol conditioning, VU-29 was administered at various post-conditioning times (ethanol free state at the home cage) to ascertain if there was a temporal window during which VU-29 would be effective. Our experiments indicated that VU-29 did not affect the expression of ethanol-induced CPP when it was given over two post-conditioning days. However, the expression of ethanol-CPP was inhibited by 10-day home cage administration of VU-29, but not by first 2-day or last 2-day injection of VU-29 during the 10-day period. These findings reveal that VU-29 can inhibit the maintenance of ethanol-induced CPP, and that treatment duration contributes to this effect of VU-29. Furthermore, VU-29 effect was reversed by pretreatment with either MTEP (the mGlu5 receptor antagonist), or MK-801 (the N-methyl-D-aspartate-NMDA receptor antagonist). Thus, the inhibitory effect of VU-29 is dependent on the functional interaction between mGlu5 and NMDA receptors. Because a reduction in ethanol-associated cues can reduce relapse, mGlu5 receptor PAM would be useful for therapy of alcoholism. Future research is required to confirm the current findings.
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18
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Lobingier BT, von Zastrow M. When trafficking and signaling mix: How subcellular location shapes G protein-coupled receptor activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Traffic 2019; 20:130-136. [PMID: 30578610 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) physically connect extracellular information with intracellular signal propagation. Membrane trafficking plays a supportive role by "bookending" signaling events: movement through the secretory pathway delivers GPCRs to the cell surface where receptors can sample the extracellular environment, while endocytosis and endolysosomal membrane trafficking provide a versatile system to titrate cellular signaling potential and maintain homeostatic control. Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to these important effects, GPCR trafficking actively shapes the cellular signaling response by altering the location and timing of specific receptor-mediated signaling reactions. Here, we review key experimental evidence underlying this expanding view, focused on GPCR signaling mediated through activation of heterotrimeric G proteins located in the cytoplasm. We then discuss lingering and emerging questions regarding the interface between GPCR signaling and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden T Lobingier
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
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19
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Gregory KJ, Bridges TM, Gogliotti RG, Stauffer SR, Noetzel MJ, Jones CK, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Niswender CM. In Vitro to in Vivo Translation of Allosteric Modulator Concentration-Effect Relationships: Implications for Drug Discovery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:442-452. [PMID: 32259076 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of GPCRs represents an increasingly explored approach in drug development. Due to complex pharmacology, however, the relationship(s) between modulator properties determined in vitro with in vivo concentration-effect phenomena is frequently unclear. We investigated key pharmacological properties of a set of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and their relevance to in vivo concentration-response relationships. These studies identified a significant relationship between in vitro PAM cooperativity (αβ), as well as the maximal response obtained from a simple in vitro PAM concentration-response experiment, with in vivo efficacy for reversal of amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion. This correlation did not exist with PAM potency or affinity. Data across PAMs were then converged to calculate an in vivo concentration of glutamate putatively relevant to the mGlu5 PAM mechanism of action. This work demonstrates the ability to merge in vitro pharmacology profiles with relevant behavioral outcomes and also provides a novel method to estimate neurotransmitter concentrations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rocco G Gogliotti
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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20
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Retamal JS, Ramírez-García PD, Shenoy PA, Poole DP, Veldhuis NA. Internalized GPCRs as Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:273. [PMID: 31798411 PMCID: PMC6874167 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral and central neurons in the pain pathway are well equipped to detect and respond to extracellular stimuli such as pro-inflammatory mediators and neurotransmitters through the cell surface expression of receptors that can mediate rapid intracellular signaling. Following injury or infection, activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiates cell signaling processes that lead to the generation of action potentials in neurons or inflammatory responses such as cytokine secretion by immune cells. However, it is now appreciated that cell surface events alone may not be sufficient for all receptors to generate their complete signaling repertoire. Following an initial wave of signaling at the cell surface, active GPCRs can engage with endocytic proteins such as the adaptor protein β-arrestin (βArr) to promote clathrin-mediated internalization. Classically, βArr-mediated internalization of GPCRs was hypothesized to terminate signaling, yet for multiple GPCRs known to contribute to pain, it has been demonstrated that endocytosis can also promote a unique "second wave" of signaling from intracellular membranes, including those of endosomes and the Golgi, that is spatiotemporally distinct from initial cell-surface events. In the context of pain, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive spatiotemporal signaling of GPCRs is invaluable for understanding how pain occurs and persists, and how current analgesics achieve efficacy or promote side-effects. This review article discusses the importance of receptor localization for signaling outcomes of pro- and anti-nociceptive GPCRs, and new analgesic opportunities emerging through the development of "location-biased" ligands that favor binding with intracellular GPCR populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffri S Retamal
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paulina D Ramírez-García
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Priyank A Shenoy
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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21
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K. Oligomeric Receptor Complexes and Their Allosteric Receptor-Receptor Interactions in the Plasma Membrane Represent a New Biological Principle for Integration of Signals in the CNS. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:230. [PMID: 31607863 PMCID: PMC6773811 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) not only exist as monomers but also as homomers and heteromers in which allosteric receptor-receptor interactions take place, modulating the functions of the participating GPCR protomers. GPCRs can also form heteroreceptor complexes with ionotropic receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases modulating their function. Furthermore, adaptor proteins interact with receptor protomers and modulate their interactions. The state of the art is that the allosteric receptor-receptor interactions are reciprocal, highly dynamic and substantially alter the signaling, trafficking, recognition and pharmacology of the participating protomers. The pattern of changes appears to be unique for each heteromer and can favor antagonistic or facilitatory interactions or switch the G protein coupling from e.g., Gi/o to Gq or to beta-arrestin signaling. It lends a new dimension to molecular integration in the nervous system. Future direction should be aimed at determining the receptor interface involving building models of selected heterodimers. This will make design of interface-interfering peptides that specifically disrupt the heterodimer possible. This will help to determine the functional role of the allosteric receptor-receptor interactions as well as the integration of signals at the plasma membrane by the heteroreceptor complexes, vs. integration of the intracellular signaling pathways. Integration of signals also at the plasma membrane seems crucial in view of the hypothesis that learning and memory at a molecular level takes place by reorganization of homo and heteroreceptor complexes in the postsynaptic membrane. Homo and heteroreceptor complexes are in balance with each other, and their disbalance is linked to disease. Targeting heteroreceptor complexes represents a novel strategy for the treatment of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Urbino, Italy
- Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Nucleoligands-repurposing G Protein-coupled Receptor Ligands to Modulate Nuclear-localized G Protein-coupled Receptors in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 71:193-204. [PMID: 28858907 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is significant evidence that internal pools of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist and may be affected by both endogenous signaling molecules and hydrophobic pharmaceutical ligands, once assumed to only affect cell surface versions of these receptors. Here, we discuss evidence that the biology of nuclear GPCRs in particular is complex, rich, and highly interactive with GPCR signaling from the cell surface. Caging existing GPCR ligands may be an excellent means of further stratifying the phenotypic effects of known pharmacophores such as β-adrenergic, angiotensin II, and type B endothelin receptor ligands in the cardiovascular system. We describe some synthetic strategies we have used to design ligands to go from in cellulo to in vivo experiments. We also consider how surface and intracellular GPCR signaling might be integrated and ways to dissect this. If they could be selectively targeted, nuclear GPCRs and their associated nucleoligands would represent a completely novel area for exploration by Pharma.
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23
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Sengmany K, Hellyer SD, Albold S, Wang T, Conn PJ, May LT, Christopoulos A, Leach K, Gregory KJ. Kinetic and system bias as drivers of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 allosteric modulator pharmacology. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:83-96. [PMID: 30763654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) have been proposed as potential therapies for various CNS disorders. These ligands bind to sites distinct from the orthosteric (or endogenous) ligand, often with improved subtype selectivity and spatio-temporal control over receptor responses. We recently revealed that mGlu5 allosteric agonists and positive allosteric modulators exhibit biased agonism and/or modulation. To establish whether negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) engender similar bias, we rigorously characterized the pharmacology of eight diverse mGlu5 NAMs. Radioligand inhibition binding studies revealed novel modes of interaction with mGlu5 for select NAMs, with biphasic or incomplete inhibition of the radiolabeled NAM, [3H]methoxy-PEPy. We assessed mGlu5-mediated intracellular Ca2+ (iCa2+) mobilization and inositol phosphate (IP1) accumulation in HEK293A cells stably expressing low levels of mGlu5 (HEK293A-rat mGlu5-low) and mouse embryonic cortical neurons. The apparent affinity of acetylenic NAMs, MPEP, MTEP and dipraglurant, was dependent on the signaling pathway measured, agonist used, and cell type (HEK293A-rat mGlu5-low versus mouse cortical neurons). In contrast, the acetylenic partial NAM, M-5MPEP, and structurally distinct NAMs (VU0366248, VU0366058, fenobam), had similar affinity estimates irrespective of the assay or cellular background. Biased modulation was evident for VU0366248 in mouse cortical neurons where it was a NAM for DHPG-mediated iCa2+ mobilization, but neutral with DHPG in IP1 accumulation assays. Overall, this study highlights the inherent complexity in mGlu5 NAM pharmacology that we hypothesize may influence interpretation when translating into preclinical models and beyond in the design and development of novel therapeutics for neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Sengmany
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shane D Hellyer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sabine Albold
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Taide Wang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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24
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Dumbacher M, Van Dooren T, Princen K, De Witte K, Farinelli M, Lievens S, Tavernier J, Dehaen W, Wera S, Winderickx J, Allasia S, Kilonda A, Spieser S, Marchand A, Chaltin P, Hoogenraad CC, Griffioen G. Modifying Rap1-signalling by targeting Pde6δ is neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:50. [PMID: 30257685 PMCID: PMC6158915 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and hyperactivity play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and progression. Amyloid-beta together with non-genetic risk-factors of Alzheimer’s disease contributes to increased Ca2+ influx and aberrant neuronal activity, which accelerates neurodegeneration in a feed-forward fashion. As such, identifying new targets and drugs to modulate excessive Ca2+ signalling and neuronal hyperactivity, without overly suppressing them, has promising therapeutic potential. Methods Here we show, using biochemical, electrophysiological, imaging, and behavioural tools, that pharmacological modulation of Rap1 signalling by inhibiting its interaction with Pde6δ normalises disease associated Ca2+ aberrations and neuronal activity, conferring neuroprotection in models of Alzheimer’s disease. Results The newly identified inhibitors of the Rap1-Pde6δ interaction counteract AD phenotypes, by reconfiguring Rap1 signalling underlying synaptic efficacy, Ca2+ influx, and neuronal repolarisation, without adverse effects in-cellulo or in-vivo. Thus, modulation of Rap1 by Pde6δ accommodates key mechanisms underlying neuronal activity, and therefore represents a promising new drug target for early or late intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion Targeting the Pde6δ-Rap1 interaction has promising therapeutic potential for disorders characterised by neuronal hyperactivity, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0283-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dumbacher
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium.,Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Van Dooren
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Katrien Princen
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Koen De Witte
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Mélissa Farinelli
- E-Phy-Science, IPMC, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sam Lievens
- Orionis Biosciences, Technologiepark 12B, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Cytokine Receptor Lab, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Cytokine Receptor Lab, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - box 2404, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Wera
- ViroVet NV, Ambachtenlaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 box 2433, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Sara Allasia
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Amuri Kilonda
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Spieser
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchand
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Patrick Chaltin
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium.,Center for Drug Design and Development (CD3), KU Leuven, Waaistraat 6, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Stoeber M, Jullié D, Lobingier BT, Laeremans T, Steyaert J, Schiller PW, Manglik A, von Zastrow M. A Genetically Encoded Biosensor Reveals Location Bias of Opioid Drug Action. Neuron 2018; 98:963-976.e5. [PMID: 29754753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors (ORs) precisely modulate behavior when activated by native peptide ligands but distort behaviors to produce pathology when activated by non-peptide drugs. A fundamental question is how drugs differ from peptides in their actions on target neurons. Here, we show that drugs differ in the subcellular location at which they activate ORs. We develop a genetically encoded biosensor that directly detects ligand-induced activation of ORs and uncover a real-time map of the spatiotemporal organization of OR activation in living neurons. Peptide agonists produce a characteristic activation pattern initiated in the plasma membrane and propagating to endosomes after receptor internalization. Drugs produce a different activation pattern by additionally driving OR activation in the somatic Golgi apparatus and Golgi elements extending throughout the dendritic arbor. These results establish an approach to probe the cellular basis of neuromodulation and reveal that drugs distort the spatiotemporal landscape of neuronal OR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Stoeber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Damien Jullié
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Braden T Lobingier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Toon Laeremans
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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26
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Tarakanov AO, Brito I, Fuxe K. Glutamate heteroreceptor complexes in the brain. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:936-950. [PMID: 32002960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The existence of mGluR, NMDAR, AMPAR and putative KAR heteroreceptor complexes in synaptic and extrasynaptic regions of brain glutamate synapses represents a major integrative mechanism. Our aim in the current article is to analyze if the formation of the different types glutamate hetereceptor complexes involves the contribution of triplet amino acid homologies (protriplets) in a postulated receptor interface based on the triplet puzzle theory. Seven main sets (lists) of receptor pairs in databases were used containing various sets (lists) of human receptor heteromers and nonheteromers obtained from the available scientific publications including the publically available GPCR-hetnet database. Brain mGluR1-mGluR5 and mGluR2-mGluR4 isoreceptor complexes were demonstrated with a predominant extrasynaptic localization at a post- and prejunctional localization. The existence of putative mGluR4-mGluR7 heteroreceptor complexes in the basal ganglia is proposed. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes also participated in the formation of a large number of heteroreceptor complexes like mGluR1-A1R, mGluR5-A2AR, mGluR5-D2R and D2R-A2AR-mGluR5, located in relation to glutamate synapses, especially in the basal ganglia. A putative mGluR1-GABAB1/2 heterocomplex may also exist. NMDAR heteroreceptor complexes were also demonstrated as a fundamental integrative mechanism in the glutamate synapse and its extrasynaptic membranes. It represented fundamental work on inter alia NMDAR-mGluR5, NMDAR-D1R and NMDAR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes involving both antagonistic and facilitatory allosteric receptor-receptor interactions. As to AMPA receptors, a heterocomplex was found for the interaction between IFNgR1 and the AMPAR mediated via the subunit GluA1 which may be of relevance for neuroinflammation. AMPAR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes were also demonstrated. Besides glutamate heteroreceptor complexes and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions, a significant mechanism for the functional crosstalk can also be phosphorylation and/or reorganization of adapter proteins with dynamic binding to the two receptors modulating the allosteric receptor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Urbino, Italy.,Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Alexander O Tarakanov
- St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ismel Brito
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Dubuc C, Savard M, Bovenzi V, Lessard A, Fortier A, Côté J, Neugebauer W, Rizzolio F, Geha S, Giordano A, Chemtob S, Gobeil F. Targeting intracellular B2 receptors using novel cell-penetrating antagonists to arrest growth and induce apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29515778 PMCID: PMC5839409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral cell-surface proteins having a central role in tumor growth and metastasis. However, several GPCRs retain an atypical intracellular/nuclear location in various types of cancer. The pathological significance of this is currently unknown. Here we extend this observation by showing that the bradykinin B2R (BK-B2R) is nuclearly expressed in the human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 and in human clinical specimens of TNBC. We posited that these “nuclearized” receptors could be involved in oncogenic signaling linked to aberrant growth and survival maintenance of TNBC. We used cell-penetrating BK-B2R antagonists, including FR173657 and novel transducible, cell-permeable forms of the peptide B2R antagonist HOE 140 (NG68, NG134) to demonstrate their superior efficacy over impermeable ones (HOE 140), in blocking proliferation and promoting apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Some showed an even greater antineoplastic activity over conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro. The cell-permeable B2R antagonists had less to no anticancer effects on B2R shRNA-knockdown or non-B2R expressing (COS-1) cells, indicating specificity in their action. Possible mechanisms of their anticancer effects may involve activation of p38kinase/p27Kip1 pathways. Together, our data support the existence of a possible intracrine signaling pathway via internal/nuclear B2R, critical for the growth of TNBC cells, and identify new chemical entities that enable to target the corresponding intracellular GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céléna Dubuc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Savard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Veronica Bovenzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrée Lessard
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Audrey Fortier
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Witold Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Sameh Geha
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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28
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Busquets-Garcia A, Bains J, Marsicano G. CB 1 Receptor Signaling in the Brain: Extracting Specificity from Ubiquity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:4-20. [PMID: 28862250 PMCID: PMC5719111 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are amongst the most ubiquitous signaling molecules in the nervous system. Over the past few decades, observations based on a large volume of work, first examining the pharmacological effects of exogenous cannabinoids, and then the physiological functions of eCBs, have directly challenged long-held and dogmatic views about communication, plasticity and behavior in the central nervous system (CNS). The eCBs and their cognate cannabinoid receptors exhibit a number of unique properties that distinguish them from the widely studied classical amino-acid transmitters, neuropeptides, and catecholamines. Although we now have a loose set of mechanistic rules based on experimental findings, new studies continue to reveal that our understanding of the eCB system (ECS) is continuously evolving and challenging long-held conventions. Here we will briefly summarize findings on the current canonical view of the 'ECS' and will address novel aspects that reveal how a nearly ubiquitous system can determine highly specific functions in the brain. In particular, we will focus on findings that push for an expansion of our ideas around long-held beliefs about eCB signaling that, while clearly true, may be contributing to an oversimplified perspective on how cannabinoid signaling at the microscopic level impacts behavior at the macroscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team ‘Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation’, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jaideep Bains
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team ‘Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation’, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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29
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Jong YJI, Harmon SK, O'Malley KL. GPCR signalling from within the cell. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:4026-4035. [PMID: 28872669 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, signal transduction from GPCRs is thought to emanate from the cell surface where receptor interactions with external stimuli can be transformed into a broad range of cellular responses. However, emergent data show that numerous GPCRs are also associated with various intracellular membranes where they may couple to different signalling systems, display unique desensitization patterns and/or exhibit distinct patterns of subcellular distribution. Although many GPCRs can be activated at the cell surface and subsequently endocytosed and transported to a unique intracellular site, other intracellular GPCRs can be activated in situ either via de novo ligand synthesis, diffusion of permeable ligands or active transport of nonpermeable ligands. Current findings reinforce the notion that intracellular GPCRs play a dynamic role in various biological functions including learning and memory, contractility and angiogenesis. As new intracellular GPCR roles are defined, the need to selectively tailor agonists and/or antagonists to both intracellular and cell surface receptors may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic tools. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Jiin I Jong
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven K Harmon
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karen L O'Malley
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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30
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Ferrigno A, Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Siciliano V, Richelmi P, Vairetti M. Localization and role of metabotropic glutamate receptors subtype 5 in the gastrointestinal tract. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4500-4507. [PMID: 28740338 PMCID: PMC5504365 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i25.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is a Group I mGlu subfamily of receptors coupled to the inositol trisphosphate/diacylglycerol pathway. Like other mGluR subtypes, mGluR5s contain a phylogenetically conserved, extracellular orthosteric binding site and a more variable allosteric binding site, located on the heptahelical transmembrane domain. The mGluR5 receptor has proved to be a key pharmacological target in conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) but its presence outside the CNS underscores its potential role in pathologies affecting peripheral organs such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and accessory digestive organs such as the tongue, liver and pancreas. Following identification of mGluR5s in the mouth, various studies have subsequently demonstrated its involvement in mechanical allodynia, inflammation, pain and oral cancer. mGluR5 expression has also been identified in gastroesophageal vagal pathways. Indeed, experimental and human studies have demonstrated that mGluR5 blockade reduces transient lower sphincter relaxation and reflux episodes. In the intestine, mGluR5s have been shown to be involved in the control of intestinal inflammation, visceral pain and the epithelial barrier function. In the liver, mGluR5s have a permissive role in the onset of ischemic injury in rat and mice hepatocytes. Conversely, livers from mice treated with selective negative allosteric modulators and mGluR5 knockout mice are protected against ischemic injury. Similar results have been observed in experimental models of free-radical injury and in vivo mouse models of acetaminophen intoxication. Finally, mGluR5s in the pancreas are associated with insulin secretion control. The picture is, however, far from complete as the review attempts to establish in particular as regards identifying specific targets and innovative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of GI disorders.
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31
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Functional selectivity of GPCR-directed drug action through location bias. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:799-806. [PMID: 28553949 PMCID: PMC5733145 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are increasingly recognized to operate from intracellular membranes as well as the plasma membrane. The β2-adrenergic GPCR can activate Gs-linkedcyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling from endosomes. We show here that the homologous human β1-adrenergic receptor initiates an internal Gs-cAMP signal from the Golgi apparatus. By developing a chemical method to acutely squelch G protein coupling at defined membrane locations, we demonstrate that Golgi activation contributes significantly to the overall cellular cAMP response. Golgi signalling utilizes a pre-existing receptor pool rather than receptors delivered from the cell surface, requiring separate access of extracellular ligands. Epinephrine, a hydrophilic endogenous ligand, accesses the Golgi-localized receptor pool by facilitated transport requiring the organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) whereas drugs can access the Golgi pool by passive diffusion according to hydrophobicity. We demonstrate marked differences among both agonist and antagonist drugs in Golgi-localized receptor access, and show that β-blocker drugs presently used in the clinic differ markedly in ability to antagonize the Golgi signal. We propose ’location bias’ as a new principle for achieving functional selectivity of GPCR-directed drug action.
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Pfreundschuh M, Harder D, Ucurum Z, Fotiadis D, Müller DJ. Detecting Ligand-Binding Events and Free Energy Landscape while Imaging Membrane Receptors at Subnanometer Resolution. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3261-3269. [PMID: 28361535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Force-distance curve-based atomic force microscopy has emerged into a sophisticated technique for imaging cellular membranes and for detecting specific ligand-binding events of native membrane receptors. However, so far the resolution achieved has been insufficient to structurally map ligand-binding sites onto membrane proteins. Here, we introduce experimental and theoretical approaches for overcoming this limitation. To establish a structurally and functionally well-defined reference sample, we engineer a ligand-binding site to the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin of purple membrane. Functionalizing the AFM stylus with an appropriate linker-system tethering the ligand and optimizing the AFM conditions allows for imaging the engineered bacteriorhodopsin at subnanometer resolution while structurally mapping the specific ligand-receptor binding events. Improved data analysis allows reconstructing the ligand-binding free energy landscape from the experimental data, thus providing thermodynamic and kinetic insight into the ligand-binding process. The nanoscopic method introduced is generally applicable for imaging receptors in native membranes at subnanometer resolution and for systematically mapping and quantifying the free energy landscape of ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Pfreundschuh
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich , 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Harder
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zöhre Ucurum
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich , 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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33
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Shanshiashvili L, Tsitsilashvili E, Dabrundashvili N, Kalandadze I, Mikeladze D. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 may be involved in macrophage plasticity. Biol Res 2017; 50:4. [PMID: 28196513 PMCID: PMC5310073 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous cell population and depending on microenvironments they polarize in two main groups: M1 and M2. Glutamic acid and glutamate receptors may participate in the regulation of macrophage plasticity. To investigate the role of glutamatergic systems in macrophages physiology, we performed the transfection of mGluR5 cDNAs into RAW-264.7 cells. Results Comparative analysis of modified (RAW-mGluR5 macrophages) and non-modified macrophages (RAW-macrophages) has shown that the RAW-mGluR5 macrophages absorbed more glutamate than control cells and the amount of intracellular glutamate correlated with the expression of excitatory amino acid transporters -2 (EAAT-2). Besides, our results have shown that RAW-mGluR5 macrophages expressed a higher level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and secreted more IL-10, high mobility group box 1 proteins (HMGB1) and Galectin-3 than control RAW-macrophages. Conclusions We propose that elevation of intracellular glutamate and expression of mGluR5 may initiate the metabolic rearrangement in macrophages that could contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lali Shanshiashvili
- Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. .,I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | | | - Nino Dabrundashvili
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Irine Kalandadze
- I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David Mikeladze
- Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.,I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
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34
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Mango D, Braksator E, Battaglia G, Marcelli S, Mercuri NB, Feligioni M, Nicoletti F, Bashir ZI, Nisticò R. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a is required for mGlu receptor dependent long-term depression in the hippocampus. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:12-19. [PMID: 28137639 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), members of the degenerin/epithelial Na+ channel superfamily, are widely distributed in the mammalian nervous system. ASIC1a is highly permeable to Ca2+ and are thought to be important in a variety of physiological processes, including synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. To further understand the role of ASIC1a in synaptic transmission and plasticity, we investigated metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor-dependent long-term depression (LTD) in the hippocampus. We found that ASIC1a channels mediate a component of LTD in P30-40 animals, since the ASIC1a selective blocker psalmotoxin-1 (PcTx1) reduced the magnitude of LTD induced by application of the group I mGlu receptor agonist (S)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) or induced by paired-pulse low frequency stimulation (PP-LFS). Conversely, PcTx1 did not affect LTD in P13-18 animals. We also provide evidence that ASIC1a is involved in group I mGlu receptor-induced increase in action potential firing. However, blockade of ASIC1a did not affect DHPG-induced polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis, suggesting the involvement of some other molecular partners in the functional crosstalk between ASIC1a and group I mGlu receptors. Notably, PcTx1 was able to prevent the increase in GluA1 S845 phosphorylation at the post-synaptic membrane induced by group I mGlu receptor activation. These findings suggest a novel function of ASIC1a channels in the regulation of group I mGlu receptor synaptic plasticity and intrinsic excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mango
- European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Braksator
- University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | | | - S Marcelli
- European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - N B Mercuri
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - M Feligioni
- European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy; Casa Cura Policlinico (CCP), Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - F Nicoletti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Z I Bashir
- University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - R Nisticò
- European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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35
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Sergin I, Jong YJI, Harmon SK, Kumar V, O'Malley KL. Sequences within the C Terminus of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGluR5) Are Responsible for Inner Nuclear Membrane Localization. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3637-3655. [PMID: 28096465 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are thought to be located on the cell surface where they transmit extracellular signals to the cytoplasm. However, recent studies indicate that some GPCRs are also localized to various subcellular compartments such as the nucleus where they appear required for various biological functions. For example, the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is concentrated at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) where it mediates Ca2+ changes in the nucleoplasm by coupling with Gq/11 Here, we identified a region within the C-terminal domain (amino acids 852-876) that is necessary and sufficient for INM localization of the receptor. Because these sequences do not correspond to known nuclear localization signal motifs, they represent a new motif for INM trafficking. mGluR5 is also trafficked to the plasma membrane where it undergoes re-cycling/degradation in a separate receptor pool, one that does not interact with the nuclear mGluR5 pool. Finally, our data suggest that once at the INM, mGluR5 is stably retained via interactions with chromatin. Thus, mGluR5 is perfectly positioned to regulate nucleoplasmic Ca2+in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sergin
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Yuh-Jiin I Jong
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Steven K Harmon
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Vikas Kumar
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Karen L O'Malley
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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36
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Jørgensen S, Have CT, Underwood CR, Johansen LD, Wellendorph P, Gjesing AP, Jørgensen CV, Quan S, Rui G, Inoue A, Linneberg A, Grarup N, Jun W, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Bräuner-Osborne H. Genetic Variations in the Human G Protein-coupled Receptor Class C, Group 6, Member A (GPRC6A) Control Cell Surface Expression and Function. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1524-1534. [PMID: 27986810 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GPRC6A is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by l-amino acids, which, based on analyses of knock-out mice, has been suggested to have physiological functions in metabolism and testicular function. The human ortholog is, however, mostly retained intracellularly in contrast to the cell surface-expressed murine and goldfish orthologs. The latter orthologs are Gq-coupled and lead to intracellular accumulation of inositol phosphates and calcium release. In the present study we cloned the bonobo chimpanzee GPRC6A receptor, which is 99% identical to the human receptor, and show that it is cell surface-expressed and functional. By analyses of chimeric human/mouse and human/bonobo receptors, bonobo receptor mutants, and the single nucleotide polymorphism database at NCBI, we identify an insertion/deletion variation in the third intracellular loop responsible for the intracellular retention and lack of function of the human ortholog. Genetic analyses of the 1000 genome database and the Inter99 cohort of 6,000 Danes establish the distribution of genotypes among ethnic groups, showing that the cell surface-expressed and functional variant is much more prevalent in the African population than in European and Asian populations and that this variant is partly linked with a stop codon early in the receptor sequence (rs6907580, amino acid position 57). In conclusion, our data solve a more than decade-old question of why the cloned human GPRC6A receptor is not cell surface-expressed and functional and provide a genetic framework to study human phenotypic traits in large genome sequencing projects linked with physiological measurement and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Jørgensen
- From the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Theil Have
- the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Rye Underwood
- From the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Dan Johansen
- From the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- From the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Prior Gjesing
- the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christinna V Jørgensen
- From the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shi Quan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Gao Rui
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Asuka Inoue
- the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,the Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Allan Linneberg
- the Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.,the Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and.,the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wang Jun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- From the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark,
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37
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Pandya NJ, Klaassen RV, van der Schors RC, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller A, Smit AB, Li KW. Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 form a protein complex in mouse hippocampus and cortex. Proteomics 2016; 16:2698-2705. [PMID: 27392515 PMCID: PMC5129514 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 (mGluR1/5) have been implicated in mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and may serve as potential therapeutic targets in autism spectrum disorders. The interactome of group 1 mGluRs has remained largely unresolved. Using a knockout‐controlled interaction proteomics strategy we examined the mGluR5 protein complex in two brain regions, hippocampus and cortex, and identified mGluR1 as its major interactor in addition to the well described Homer proteins. We confirmed the presence of mGluR1/5 complex by (i) reverse immunoprecipitation using an mGluR1 antibody to pulldown mGluR5 from hippocampal tissue, (ii) coexpression in HEK293 cells followed by coimmunoprecipitation to reveal the direct interaction of mGluR1 and 5, and (iii) superresolution microscopy imaging of hippocampal primary neurons to show colocalization of the mGluR1/5 in the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil J Pandya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remco V Klaassen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roel C van der Schors
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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38
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Jong YJI, O'Malley KL. Mechanisms Associated with Activation of Intracellular Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor, mGluR5. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:166-172. [PMID: 27514643 PMCID: PMC5283513 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, is found on the cell surface as well as on intracellular membranes where it can mediate both overlapping and unique signaling effects. Previously we have shown that glutamate activates intracellular mGluR5 by entry through sodium-dependent transporters and/or cystine glutamate exchangers. Calibrated antibody labelling suggests that the glutamate concentration within neurons is quite high (~10 mM) raising the question as to whether intracellular mGluR5 is maximally activated at all times or whether a different ligand might be responsible for receptor activation. To address this issue, we used cellular, optical and molecular techniques to show that intracellular glutamate is largely sequestered in mitochondria; that the glutamate concentration necessary to activate intracellular mGluR5 is about ten-fold higher than what is necessary to activate cell surface mGluR5; and uncaging caged glutamate within neurons can directly activate the receptor. Thus these studies further the concept that glutamate itself serves as the ligand for intracellular mGluR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Jiin I Jong
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Karen L O'Malley
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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39
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Litim N, Morissette M, Di Paolo T. Metabotropic glutamate receptors as therapeutic targets in Parkinson's disease: An update from the last 5 years of research. Neuropharmacology 2016; 115:166-179. [PMID: 27055772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disturbance of glutamate neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease (PD) and l-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID) is well documented. This review focuses on advances during the past five years on pharmacological modulation of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in relation to anti-parkinsonian activity, LID attenuation, and neuroprotection. Drug design and characterization have led to the development of orthosteric agonists binding the same site as glutamate and Positive and Negative Allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs) binding sites different from the orthosteric site and offering subtype selectivity. Inhibition of group I (mGlu1 and mGlu5) receptors with NAMs and activation of group II (mGlu2 and 3 receptors) and group III (mGlu 4, 7 and 8 receptors) with PAMs and orthosteric agonists have shown their potential to inhibit glutamate release and attenuate excitotoxicity. Earlier and recent studies have led to the development of mGlu5 receptors NAMs to reduce LID and for neuroprotection, mGlu3 receptor agonists for neuroprotection while mGlu4 receptor PAMs and agonists for antiparkinsonian effects and neuroprotection. Furthermore, homo- and heterodimers of mGlu receptors are documented and highlight the complexity of the functioning of these receptors. Research on partial allosteric modulators and biased mGlu receptor allosteric modulators offer new glutamatergic drugs with better therapeutic effects and less off target adverse activity. Thus these various mGlu receptor targets will enable the development of novel drugs with improved clinical effects for normalization of glutamate transmission, treat PD and LID relief. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, 5 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhir Litim
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.
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40
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Sengmany K, Gregory KJ. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5: molecular pharmacology, allosteric modulation and stimulus bias. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:3001-17. [PMID: 26276909 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5 ) is a family C GPCR that has been implicated in various neuronal processes and, consequently, in several CNS disorders. Over the past few decades, GPCR-based drug discovery, including that for mGlu5 receptors, has turned considerable attention to targeting allosteric binding sites. Modulation of endogenous agonists by allosteric ligands offers the advantages of spatial and temporal fine-tuning of receptor activity, increased selectivity and reduced adverse effects with the potential to elicit improved clinical outcomes. Further, with greater appreciation of the multifaceted nature of the transduction of mGlu5 receptor signalling, it is increasingly apparent that drug discovery must take into consideration unique receptor conformations and the potential for stimulus-bias. This novel paradigm proposes that different ligands may differentially modulate distinct signalling pathways arising from the same receptor. We review our current understanding of the complexities of mGlu5 receptor signalling and regulation, and how these relate to allosteric ligands. Ultimately, a deeper appreciation of these relationships will provide the foundation for targeted drug design of compounds with increased selectivity, not only for the desired receptor but also for the desired signalling outcome from the receptor. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sengmany
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - K J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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41
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Matosin N, Fernandez-Enright F, Lum JS, Andrews JL, Engel M, Huang XF, Newell KA. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, and its trafficking molecules Norbin and Tamalin, are increased in the CA1 hippocampal region of subjects with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 166:212-8. [PMID: 26048293 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is involved in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, which are processes disrupted in schizophrenia. Recent evidence from human genetic and animal studies suggests that the regulation of mGluR5, including its interaction with trafficking molecules, may be altered in the disorder. However there have been no investigations of hippocampal mGluR5 or mGluR5 trafficking molecules in the postmortem schizophrenia brain to confirm this. In the present study, we investigated whether protein expression of mGluR5, as well as Norbin and Tamalin (modulators of mGluR5 signalling and trafficking), might be altered in the schizophrenia brain, using postmortem samples from the hippocampal CA1 region of schizophrenia subjects and matched controls (n=20/group). Protein levels of mGluR5 (total: 42%, p<0.001; monomer: 25%, p=0.011; dimer: 52%, p<0.001) and mGluR5 trafficking molecules (Norbin: 47%, p<0.001; Tamalin: 34%, p=0.009) were significantly higher in schizophrenia subjects compared to controls. To determine any influence of antipsychotic drug treatment, all proteins were also correlated with lifetime chlorpromazine equivalents in patients, and separately measured in the hippocampus of rats exposed to haloperidol or olanzapine treatment. mGluR5 was negatively correlated with lifetime antipsychotic drug exposure in schizophrenia patients, suggesting antipsychotic drugs could reduce mGluR5 protein in schizophrenia subjects. In contrast, mGluR5 and mGluR5 trafficking molecules were not altered in the hippocampus of antipsychotic drug treated rats. This investigation provides strong support for the hypothesis that mGluR5 is involved in the pathology of schizophrenia, and that alterations to mGluR5 trafficking might contribute to the hippocampal-dependent cognitive dysfunctions associated with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Matosin
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Francesca Fernandez-Enright
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Jeremy S Lum
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Jessica L Andrews
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Martin Engel
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Kelly A Newell
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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