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He M, Ao X, Yang Y, Xu Y, Liu T, Ao L, Guo W, Xing W, Xu J, Qian C, Yu J, Xu X, Yi P. Construction of self-driving anti-αFR CAR-engineered NK cells based on IFN-γ and TNF-α synergistically induced high expression of CXCL10. Neoplasia 2024; 58:101065. [PMID: 39366148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological tumor. Previous studies have demonstrated that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK-92 cells targeting folate receptor α (αFR) (NK-92-αFR-CAR) can specifically kill αFR-positive ovarian cancer cells. However, the migration barrier restricts antitumor effects of CAR-engineered cells. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the mechanism by which NK-92-αFR-CAR cells induce the secretion of chemokine CXCL10 during killing ovarian cancer cells. It is speculated that NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A can target αFR and have chemotaxis of CXCL10, and they may have stronger killing effect of ovarian cancer. METHODS Study the mechanism of CXCL10 expression strongly induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ combined stimulation in ovarian cancer cells. Construct the fourth generation of NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A cells, which were co-expressed CXCR3A and αFR-CAR. Evaluate the killing and migration effects of NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) first revealed that the expression level of the chemokine CXCL10 was most significantly increased in ovarian cancer cells co-cultured with NK-92-αFR-CAR. Secondly, cytokine stimulation experiments confirmed that IFN-γ and TNF-α secreted by NK-92-αFR-CAR synergistically induced high CXCL10 expression in ovarian cancer cells. Further signaling pathway experiments showed that IFN-γ and TNF-α enhanced the activation level of the IFN-γ-IFNGR-JAK1/2-STAT1-CXCL10 signaling axis. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A cells could not only efficiently kill αFR-positive ovarian cancer cells in vitro but also secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α. Higher migration than that of NK-92-αFR-CAR was detected in NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A using transwell assay. NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A effectively killed tumor cells in different mouse xenograft models of ovarian cancer and increased infiltration into tumor tissue. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that IFN-γ and TNF-α secreted by αFR-CAR-engineered NK cells can synergistically induce high expression of CXCL10 in ovarian cancer cells and constructed self-driving αFR-CAR-engineered NK cells that can break through migration barriers based on CXCL10, which may provide a new therapeutic weapon for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of orthopedics, 953 Hospital of PLA Army, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Shigatse, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Gene and Cell Therapy, Chongqing Precision Biotech Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luoquan Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Gene and Cell Therapy, Chongqing Precision Biotech Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 91010, USA; Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 91010, USA.
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Birgül Iyison N, Abboud C, Abboud D, Abdulrahman AO, Bondar AN, Dam J, Georgoussi Z, Giraldo J, Horvat A, Karoussiotis C, Paz-Castro A, Scarpa M, Schihada H, Scholz N, Güvenc Tuna B, Vardjan N. ERNEST COST action overview on the (patho)physiology of GPCRs and orphan GPCRs in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38825750 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell surface receptors that play a critical role in nervous system function by transmitting signals between cells and their environment. They are involved in many, if not all, nervous system processes, and their dysfunction has been linked to various neurological disorders representing important drug targets. This overview emphasises the GPCRs of the nervous system, which are the research focus of the members of ERNEST COST action (CA18133) working group 'Biological roles of signal transduction'. First, the (patho)physiological role of the nervous system GPCRs in the modulation of synapse function is discussed. We then debate the (patho)physiology and pharmacology of opioid, acetylcholine, chemokine, melatonin and adhesion GPCRs in the nervous system. Finally, we address the orphan GPCRs, their implication in the nervous system function and disease, and the challenges that need to be addressed to deorphanize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Birgül Iyison
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Bogazici, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Clauda Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Ana-Nicoleta Bondar
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Jülich, Germany
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zafiroula Georgoussi
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anemari Horvat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christos Karoussiotis
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Alba Paz-Castro
- Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs research group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - Miriam Scarpa
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bilge Güvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sachdev S, Creemer BA, Gardella TJ, Cheloha RW. Highly biased agonism for GPCR ligands via nanobody tethering. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4687. [PMID: 38824166 PMCID: PMC11144202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ligand-induced activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can initiate signaling through multiple distinct pathways with differing biological and physiological outcomes. There is intense interest in understanding how variation in GPCR ligand structure can be used to promote pathway selective signaling ("biased agonism") with the goal of promoting desirable responses and avoiding deleterious side effects. Here we present an approach in which a conventional peptide ligand for the type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR1) is converted from an agonist which induces signaling through all relevant pathways to a compound that is highly selective for a single pathway. This is achieved not through variation in the core structure of the agonist, but rather by linking it to a nanobody tethering agent that binds with high affinity to a separate site on the receptor not involved in signal transduction. The resulting conjugate represents the most biased agonist of PTHR1 reported to date. This approach holds promise for facile generation of pathway selective ligands for other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sachdev
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bathesda, MD, USA
| | - Brendan A Creemer
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bathesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ross W Cheloha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bathesda, MD, USA.
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Lozano-Vicario L, Muñoz-Vázquez ÁJ, Ramírez-Vélez R, Galbete-Jiménez A, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Cedeno-Veloz BA, Zambom-Ferraresi F, Van Munster BC, Ortiz-Gómez JR, Hidalgo-Ovejero ÁM, Romero-Ortuno R, Izquierdo M, Martínez-Velilla N. Association of postoperative delirium with serum and cerebrospinal fluid proteomic profiles: a prospective cohort study in older hip fracture patients. GeroScience 2024; 46:3235-3247. [PMID: 38236313 PMCID: PMC11009174 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common neuropsychiatric complication in geriatric inpatients after hip fracture surgery and its occurrence is associated with poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative biomarkers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the development of POD in older hip fracture patients, exploring the possibility of integrating objective methods into future predictive models of delirium. Sixty hip fracture patients were recruited. Blood and CSF samples were collected at the time of spinal anesthesia when none of the subjects had delirium. Patients were assessed daily using the 4AT scale, and based on these results, they were divided into POD and non-POD groups. The Olink® platform was used to analyze 45 cytokines. Twenty-one patients (35%) developed POD. In the subsample of 30 patients on whom proteomic analyses were performed, a proteomic profile was associated with the incidence of POD. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) had the strongest correlation between serum and CSF samples in patients with POD (rho = 0.663; p < 0.05). Although several cytokines in serum and CSF were associated with POD after hip fracture surgery in older adults, there was a significant association with lower preoperative levels of CXCL9 in CSF and serum. Despite the small sample size, this study provides preliminary evidence of the potential role of molecular biomarkers in POD, which may provide a basis for the development of new delirium predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Lozano-Vicario
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Galbete-Jiménez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara C Van Munster
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - José Ramón Ortiz-Gómez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Román Romero-Ortuno
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nicolás Martínez-Velilla
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Martinez Villarruel Hinnerskov J, Krogh Nielsen M, Kai Thomsen A, Steffensen MA, Honoré B, Vorum H, Nissen MH, Sørensen TL. Chemokine Receptor Profile of T Cells and Progression Rate of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:5. [PMID: 38165703 PMCID: PMC10768715 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration is a progressive retinal degenerative disease. Systemic chemokine receptors and known risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with GA pathogenesis. Because halting progression is pivotal for patients, we investigated the association of candidate chemokine receptors and progression rate (PR) of atrophic lesions in patients with GA. Methods This prospective observational study conducted at a single center included 85 patients with GA and 45 healthy controls. Patients were followed up after 13 months on average. Serial fundus autofluorescence images were used to determine the PR of atrophic lesions. The proportion of chemokine receptors on peripheral lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Results Patients with GA had a lower proportion of CCR6 on CD8+T cells compared to healthy controls. Importantly, the proportion of CCR6 on CD4+T cells was lower in patients with fast GA progression compared to patients with slow progression of disease, suggesting that dysregulation of CCR6 could be involved in progression of GA. We also found that GA patients had a markedly higher percentage of CCR5 on CD4+ and CD8+T cells compared to healthy controls. After stratification according to ARMS2 polymorphism, we found a significantly lower level of CCR5 on CD8+T cells among patients with high-risk genotypes compared with patients with the low-risk genotype. Conclusions Our study finds that chemokine receptors are dysregulated in patients with GA and that CCR6 might be involved in GA progression, making it a potential target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Martinez Villarruel Hinnerskov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Alexander Kai Thomsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mogens Holst Nissen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Mattheisen JM, Rasmussen VA, Ceraudo E, Kolodzinski A, Horioka-Duplix M, Sakmar TP, Huber T. Application of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer to quantitate cell-surface expression of membrane proteins. Anal Biochem 2024; 684:115361. [PMID: 37865268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay to quantitate the fraction of an engineered membrane protein at the cell surface versus inside the cell. As test cases, we engineered two different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in which a NanoLuc luciferase (NLuc) and a HaloTag are fused to the extracellular amino-terminal tail of the receptors. We then employed a pulse-chase labeling approach relying on two different fluorescent dyes with distinctive cell permeability properties. The dyes are efficiently excited by luminescence from NLuc, but are spectrally distinct. Measuring BRET from the chemiluminescence of the NLuc to the fluorophores bound to the HaloTag minimizes the limitations of in-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based approaches such as photobleaching and autofluorescence. The BRET surface expression assay can quantitatively differentiate between the labeling of receptors at the cell surface and receptors inside of the cell. The assay is shown to be quantitative and robust compared with other approaches to measure cell surface expression of membrane proteins such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunoblotting, and significantly increases the throughput because the assay is designed to be carried out in microtiter plate format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Mattheisen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Victoria A Rasmussen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emilie Ceraudo
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Arielle Kolodzinski
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mizuho Horioka-Duplix
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Zhao F, Hang K, Zhou Q, Shao L, Li H, Li W, Lin S, Dai A, Cai X, Liu Y, Xu Y, Feng W, Yang D, Wang MW. Molecular basis of signal transduction mediated by the human GIPR splice variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306145120. [PMID: 37792509 PMCID: PMC10576055 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306145120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) is a potential drug target for metabolic disorders. It works with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and glucagon receptor in humans to maintain glucose homeostasis. Unlike the other two receptors, GIPR has at least 13 reported splice variants (SVs), more than half of which have sequence variations at either C or N terminus. To explore their roles in endogenous peptide-mediated GIPR signaling, we determined the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the two N terminus-altered SVs (referred as GIPR-202 and GIPR-209 in the Ensembl database, SV1 and SV2 here, respectively) and investigated the outcome of coexpressing each of them in question with GIPR in HEK293T cells with respect to ligand binding, receptor expression, cAMP (adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate) accumulation, β-arrestin recruitment, and cell surface localization. It was found that while both N terminus-altered SVs of GIPR neither bound to the hormone nor elicited signal transduction per se, they suppressed ligand binding and cAMP accumulation of GIPR. Meanwhile, SV1 reduced GIPR-mediated β-arrestin 2 responses. The cryo-EM structures of SV1 and SV2 showed that they reorganized the extracellular halves of transmembrane helices 1, 6, and 7 and extracellular loops 2 and 3 to adopt a ligand-binding pocket-occupied conformation, thereby losing binding ability to the peptide. The results suggest a form of signal bias that is constitutive and ligand-independent, thus expanding our knowledge of biased signaling beyond pharmacological manipulation (i.e., ligand specific) as well as constitutive and ligand-independent (e.g., SV1 of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Zhao
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Kaini Hang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan572025, China
| | - Lijun Shao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Hao Li
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan572025, China
| | - Wenzhuo Li
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Shi Lin
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan572025, China
| | - Antao Dai
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Yanyun Liu
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Yingna Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Wenbo Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan572025, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan572025, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou570228, China
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Korbecki J, Kupnicka P, Barczak K, Bosiacki M, Ziętek P, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Role of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 Ligands in Molecular Cancer Processes and Clinical Aspects of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4555. [PMID: 37760523 PMCID: PMC10526350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of leukemia known for its unfavorable prognoses, prompting research efforts to discover new therapeutic targets. One area of investigation involves examining extracellular factors, particularly CXC chemokines. While CXCL12 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 have been extensively studied, research on other CXC chemokine axes in AML is less developed. This study aims to bridge that gap by providing an overview of the significance of CXC chemokines other than CXCL12 (CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 ligands and CXCL14 and CXCL17) in AML's oncogenic processes. We explore the roles of all CXC chemokines other than CXCL12, in particular CXCL1 (Gro-α), CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL10 (IP-10), and CXCL11 (I-TAC) in AML tumor processes, including their impact on AML cell proliferation, bone marrow angiogenesis, interaction with non-leukemic cells like MSCs and osteoblasts, and their clinical relevance. We delve into how they influence prognosis, association with extramedullary AML, induction of chemoresistance, effects on bone marrow microvessel density, and their connection to French-American-British (FAB) classification and FLT3 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Paweł Ziętek
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Orthopaedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
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9
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Pawlik K, Mika J. Targeting Members of the Chemokine Family as a Novel Approach to Treating Neuropathic Pain. Molecules 2023; 28:5766. [PMID: 37570736 PMCID: PMC10421203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Numerous studies indicate that this type of pain is a chronic condition with a complex mechanism that tends to worsen over time, leading to a significant deterioration in patients' quality of life and issues like depression, disability, and disturbed sleep. Presently used analgesics are not effective enough in neuropathy treatment and may cause many side effects due to the high doses needed. In recent years, many researchers have pointed to the important role of chemokines not only in the development and maintenance of neuropathy but also in the effectiveness of analgesic drugs. Currently, approximately 50 chemokines are known to act through 20 different seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors located on the surface of neuronal, glial, and immune cells. Data from recent years clearly indicate that more chemokines than initially thought (CCL1/2/3/5/7/8/9/11, CXCL3/9/10/12/13/14/17; XCL1, CX3CL1) have pronociceptive properties; therefore, blocking their action by using neutralizing antibodies, inhibiting their synthesis, or blocking their receptors brings neuropathic pain relief. Several of them (CCL1/2/3/7/9/XCL1) have been shown to be able to reduce opioid drug effectiveness in neuropathy, and neutralizing antibodies against them can restore morphine and/or buprenorphine analgesia. The latest research provides irrefutable evidence that chemokine receptors are promising targets for pharmacotherapy; chemokine receptor antagonists can relieve pain of different etiologies, and most of them are able to enhance opioid analgesia, for example, the blockade of CCR1 (J113863), CCR2 (RS504393), CCR3 (SB328437), CCR4 (C021), CCR5 (maraviroc/AZD5672/TAK-220), CXCR2 (NVPCXCR220/SB225002), CXCR3 (NBI-74330/AMG487), CXCR4 (AMD3100/AMD3465), and XCR1 (vMIP-II). Recent research has shown that multitarget antagonists of chemokine receptors, such as CCR2/5 (cenicriviroc), CXCR1/2 (reparixin), and CCR2/CCR5/CCR8 (RAP-103), are also very effective painkillers. A multidirectional strategy based on the modulation of neuronal-glial-immune interactions by changing the activity of the chemokine family can significantly improve the quality of life of patients suffering from neuropathic pain. However, members of the chemokine family are still underestimated pharmacological targets for pain treatment. In this article, we review the literature and provide new insights into the role of chemokines and their receptors in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Cracow, Poland;
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10
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Nguyen HT, Hurh S, Nguyen LP, Nguyen TU, Park HK, Seong JY, Lee CS, Ham BJ, Hwang JI. Functional Analysis of CXCR3 Splicing Variants and Their Ligands Using NanoBiT-Based Molecular Interaction Assays. Mol Cells 2023; 46:281-297. [PMID: 36799104 PMCID: PMC10183793 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCR3 regulates leukocyte trafficking, maturation, and various pathophysiological conditions. Alternative splicing generates three CXCR3 isoforms in humans. Previous studies investigated the roles of CXCR3 isoforms, and some biochemical data are not correlated with biological relevance analyses. RT-PCR analyses indicate that most cells express all three splicing variants, suggesting that they may mutually affect the chemokine binding and cellular responses of other splicing variants. Here, we performed an integrative analysis of the functional relations among CXCR3 splicing variants and their chemokine-dependent signaling using NanoBiT live cell protein interaction assays. The results indicated that the CXCR3 N-terminal region affected cell surface expression levels and ligand-dependent activation. CXCR3A was efficiently expressed in the plasma membrane and responded to I-TAC, IP-10, and MIG chemokines. By contrast, CXCR3B had low plasma membrane expression and mediated I-TAC-stimulated cellular responses. CXCR3Alt was rarely expressed on the cell surface and did not mediate any cell responses to the tested chemokines; however, CXCR3Alt negatively affected the plasma membrane expression of CXCR3A and CXCR3B and their chemokine-stimulated cellular responses. Jurkat cells express endogenous CXCR3, and exogenous CXCR3A expression enhanced chemotactic activity in response to I-TAC, IP-10, and MIG. By contrast, exogenous expression of CXCR3B and CXCR3Alt eliminated or reduced the CXCR3A-induced chemotactic activity. The PF-4 chemokine did not activate any CXCR3-mediated cellular responses. NanoBiT technology are useful to integrative studies of CXCR3-mediated cell signaling, and expand our knowledge of the cellular responses mediated by molecular interactions among the splicing variants, including cell surface expression, ligand-dependent receptor activation, and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hurh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Lan Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Thai Uy Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jae Young Seong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Cheol Soon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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11
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Kotliar IB, Ceraudo E, Kemelmakher-Liben K, Oren DA, Lorenzen E, Dodig-Crnković T, Horioka-Duplix M, Huber T, Schwenk JM, Sakmar TP. Itch receptor MRGPRX4 interacts with the receptor activity-modifying proteins. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104664. [PMID: 37003505 PMCID: PMC10165273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic itch is a severe and debilitating symptom in liver diseases with limited treatment options. The class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Mas-related GPCR subtype X4 (MRGPRX4) has been identified as a receptor for bile acids, which are potential cholestatic pruritogens. An increasing number of GPCRs have been shown to interact with receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), which can modulate different aspects of GPCR biology. Using a combination of multiplexed immunoassay and proximity ligation assay, we show that MRGPRX4 interacts with RAMPs. The interaction of MRGPRX4 with RAMP2, but not RAMP1 or 3, causes attenuation of basal and agonist-dependent signaling, which correlates with a decrease of MRGPRX4 cell surface expression as measured using a quantitative NanoBRET pulse-chase assay. Finally, we use AlphaFold Multimer to predict the structure of the MRGPRX4-RAMP2 complex. The discovery that RAMP2 regulates MRGPRX4 may have direct implications for future drug development for cholestatic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Kotliar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emilie Ceraudo
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Kemelmakher-Liben
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deena A Oren
- Structural Biology Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Lorenzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tea Dodig-Crnković
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mizuho Horioka-Duplix
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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12
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Dillemans L, De Somer L, Neerinckx B, Proost P. A review of the pleiotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligands in the synovial microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:78. [PMID: 36862204 PMCID: PMC11071919 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are pivotal players in instigation and perpetuation of synovitis through leukocytes egress from the blood circulation into the inflamed articulation. Multitudinous literature addressing the involvement of the dual-function interferon (IFN)-inducible chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory arthritis emphasizes the need for detangling their etiopathological relevance. Through interaction with their mutual receptor CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 exert their hallmark function of coordinating directional trafficking of CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells towards inflammatory niches. Among other (patho)physiological processes including infection, cancer, and angiostasis, IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands have been implicated in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the abundant presence of IFN-induced CXCR3 ligands in bodily fluids of patients with inflammatory arthritis, the outcomes of their selective depletion in rodent models, and the attempts at developing candidate drugs targeting the CXCR3 chemokine system. We further propose that the involvement of the CXCR3 binding chemokines in synovitis and joint remodeling encompasses more than solely the directional ingress of CXCR3-expressing leukocytes. The pleotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands in the synovial niche reiteratively illustrate the extensive complexity of the CXCR3 chemokine network, which is based on the intercommunion of IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands with distinct CXCR3 isoforms, enzymes, cytokines, and infiltrated and resident cells present in the inflamed joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Neerinckx
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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A multi-dimensional view of context-dependent G protein-coupled receptor function. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:13-20. [PMID: 36688421 PMCID: PMC9987931 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family members can sense an extraordinary variety of biomolecules to activate intracellular signalling cascades that modulate key aspects of cell physiology. Apart from their crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis, these critical sensory and modulatory properties have made GPCRs the most successful drug target class to date. However, establishing direct links between receptor activation of specific intracellular partners and individual physiological outcomes is still an ongoing challenge. By studying this receptor signalling complexity at increasing resolution through the development of novel biosensors and high-throughput techniques, a growing number of studies are revealing how receptor function can be diversified in a spatial, temporal or cell-specific manner. This mini-review will introduce recent examples of this context-dependent receptor signalling and discuss how it can impact our understanding of receptor function in health and disease, and contribute to the search of more selective, efficacious and safer GPCR drug candidates.
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14
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Liu YH, Chuang CH, Lee YZ, Lee ET, Lo CL, Wu CY, Huang LK, Bikfalvi A, Sue SC. Structural Properties of CXCL4L1 and Its Recognition of the CXCR3 N-Terminus. Biochemistry 2023; 62:722-734. [PMID: 36626574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine CXCL4L1, a homologue of CXCL4, is a more potent antiangiogenic ligand. Its structural property is correlated with the downstream receptor binding. The two chemokines execute their functions by binding the receptors of CXCR3A and CXCR3B. The receptors differ by an extra 51-residue extension in the CXCR3B N-terminus. To understand the binding specificity, a GB1 protein scaffold was used to carry different CXCR3 extracellular elements, and artificial CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 monomers were engineered for the binding assay. We first characterized the molten globule property of CXCL4L1. The structural property causes the CXCL4L1 tetramer to dissociate into monomers in low concentrations, but native CXCL4 adopts a stable tetramer structure in solution. In the titration experiments, the combination of the CXCR3A N-terminus and receptor extracellular loop 2 provided moderate and comparable binding affinities to CXCL4 and CXCL4L1, while sulfation on the CXCR3A N-terminal tyrosine residues provided binding specificity. However, the CXCR3B N-terminal extension did not show significant enhancement in the binding of CXCL4 or CXCL4L1. This result indicates that the tendency to form a chemokine monomer and the binding affinity together contribute the high antiangiogenic activity of CXCL4L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsin Liu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chuang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Instrumentation Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Eh-Tzen Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ling Lo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Ya Wu
- Instrumentation Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kun Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | - Shih-Che Sue
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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15
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Mattheisen JM, Wollowitz JS, Huber T, Sakmar TP. Genetic code expansion to enable site-specific bioorthogonal labeling of functional G protein-coupled receptors in live cells. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4550. [PMID: 36540928 PMCID: PMC9847076 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
For use in site-specific bioorthogonal labeling of expressed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in live cells, we developed a luciferase-based reporter assay. The assay was used to compare amber codon suppression efficiency, receptor functionality, and efficiency of different bioorthogonal labeling chemistries. We used the assay system to compare side-by-side the efficiency of incorporation of three different noncanonical amino acids [4-azido-l-phenylalanine (azF), cyclopropene-l-lysine (CpK), and trans-cyclooct-2-en-l-lysine (TCOK)] at three different sites on a GPCR using three different genetic code expansion plasmid systems. As a model GPCR, we engineered an epitope-tagged C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-RLuc3 fusion for expression in HEK293T cells. Satisfactory incorporation of azF, CpK, and TCOK into heterologously expressed CCR5 was achieved. We also carried out cell-based calcium mobilization assays to measure the function of the engineered CCR5, and in the same cells, we performed bioorthogonal labeling of the engineered mutants using heterobivalent compounds containing bioorthogonal tethering groups linked to either a small-molecule fluorophore or a peptide. Favorable reaction kinetics of tetrazine-containing compounds with CCR5 harboring TCOK was observed. However, bioorthogonal labeling in live cells of CCR5 harboring CpK with tetrazine-containing compounds using the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder ligation was overall slightly more efficient than other reactions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. Mattheisen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal TransductionThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Tri‐Institutional PhD Program in Chemical BiologyNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jaina S. Wollowitz
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal TransductionThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Tri‐Institutional PhD Program in Chemical BiologyNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal TransductionThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Thomas P. Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal TransductionThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Zhu LP, Xu ML, Yuan BT, Ma LJ, Gao YJ. Chemokine CCL7 mediates trigeminal neuropathic pain via CCR2/CCR3-ERK pathway in the trigeminal ganglion of mice. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231169373. [PMID: 36998150 PMCID: PMC10413901 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231169373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. The chemokine CC motif ligand 7 (CCL7) and its receptor CCR2 have been reported to contribute to neuropathic pain via astrocyte-microglial interaction in the spinal cord. Whether CCL7 in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) involves in trigeminal neuropathic pain and the involved mechanism remain largely unknown. METHODS The partial infraorbital nerve transection (pIONT) was used to induce trigeminal neuropathic pain in mice. The expression of Ccl7, Ccr1, Ccr2, and Ccr3 was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of CCL7, CCR2, and CCR3 was detected by immunofluorescence double-staining. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The effect of CCL7 on neuronal excitability was tested by whole-cell patch clamp recording. The effect of selective antagonists for CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3 on pain hypersensitivity was checked by behavioral testing. RESULTS Ccl7 was persistently increased in neurons of TG after pIONT, and specific inhibition of CCL7 in the TG effectively relieved pIONT-induced orofacial mechanical allodynia. Intra-TG injection of recombinant CCL7 induced mechanical allodynia and increased the phosphorylation of ERK in the TG. Incubation of CCL7 with TG neurons also dose-dependently enhanced the neuronal excitability. Furthermore, pIONT increased the expression of CCL7 receptors Ccr1, Ccr2, and Ccr3. The intra-TG injection of the specific antagonist of CCR2 or CCR3 but not of CCR1 alleviated pIONT-induced orofacial mechanical allodynia and reduced ERK activation. Immunostaining showed that CCR2 and CCR3 are expressed in TG neurons, and CCL7-induced hyperexcitability of TG neurons was decreased by antagonists of CCR2 or CCR3. CONCLUSION CCL7 activates ERK in TG neurons via CCR2 and CCR3 to enhance neuronal excitability, which contributes to the maintenance of trigeminal neuropathic pain. CCL7-CCR2/CCR3-ERK pathway may be potential targets for treating trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bao-Tong Yuan
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ling-Jie Ma
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Szpakowska M, D’Uonnolo G, Luís R, Alonso Bartolomé A, Thelen M, Legler DF, Chevigné A. New pairings and deorphanization among the atypical chemokine receptor family - physiological and clinical relevance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133394. [PMID: 37153591 PMCID: PMC10157204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) form a small subfamily of receptors (ACKR1-4) unable to trigger G protein-dependent signaling in response to their ligands. They do, however, play a crucial regulatory role in chemokine biology by capturing, scavenging or transporting chemokines, thereby regulating their availability and signaling through classical chemokine receptors. ACKRs add thus another layer of complexity to the intricate chemokine-receptor interaction network. Recently, targeted approaches and screening programs aiming at reassessing chemokine activity towards ACKRs identified several new pairings such as the dimeric CXCL12 with ACKR1, CXCL2, CXCL10 and CCL26 with ACKR2, the viral broad-spectrum chemokine vCCL2/vMIP-II, a range of opioid peptides and PAMP-12 with ACKR3 as well as CCL20 and CCL22 with ACKR4. Moreover, GPR182 (ACKR5) has been lately proposed as a new promiscuous atypical chemokine receptor with scavenging activity notably towards CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12 and CXCL13. Altogether, these findings reveal new degrees of complexity of the chemokine network and expand the panel of ACKR ligands and regulatory functions. In this minireview, we present and discuss these new pairings, their physiological and clinical relevance as well as the opportunities they open for targeting ACKRs in innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giulia D’Uonnolo
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rafael Luís
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Ana Alonso Bartolomé
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Andy Chevigné,
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18
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Koch C, Fischer NC, Puchert M, Engele J. Interactions of the chemokines CXCL11 and CXCL12 in human tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1335. [PMID: 36539774 PMCID: PMC9768901 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemokines, CXCL12 and CXCL11, are upregulated in tumors from many organs and control their progression. CXCL12 and CXCL11 affect tumor cell functions by either binding their prime receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR3, respectively, and/or CXCR7 as a common second chemokine receptor. In humans, CXCR3 exists in the functional splice variants, CXCR3A and CXCR3B, which either have pro- or anti-tumor activity, respectively. Despite the intimate crosstalk between the CXCL12- and CXCL11-system, the impact of a combination of CXCL12 and CXCL11 on tumor progression remains vague. METHODS In the present work, we have analyzed CXCL12 and CXCL11 for combined effects on migration, invasion, proliferation, and cytostatic-induced apoptosis of the human tumor cells, A549, A767, A772, DLD-1, and MDA-MB-231. RESULTS We demonstrate that the mode of interaction differs with respect to cell type and function and allows for either potentiation, attenuation or no changes of cellular responses. The divergent responses are not the result of the distinct use of different CXCL12- and CXCL11-receptors by the respective tumor cells, but in case of cell migration seem to be associated with the activation of p38 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to therapeutic limitations of ongoing efforts to selectively target CXCR3, CXCR4, or CXCR7 in cancer patients, and rather favor individualized targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koch
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Charlotte Fischer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Malte Puchert
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Engele
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Park HK, Na YH, Nguyen HT, Nguyen LP, Hurh S, Seong JY, Lee CS, Ham BJ, Hwang JI. Analysis of CCR2 splice variant expression patterns and functional properties. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:59. [PMID: 35551672 PMCID: PMC9102224 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C–C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), the main receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), is expressed on immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and activated T cells, and mediates cell migration toward MCP-1 in inflammation-related diseases. The CCR2 gene encodes two isoforms: CCR2A and CCR2B. The CCR2B open reading frame is localized in a single exon, similar to other chemokine receptors, and CCR2A and CCR2B feature different amino acid sequences in their C-terminal intracellular loops due to alternative splicing. Most biochemical studies on CCR2-related cellular responses in the immune system have focused on CCR2B, with few reports focused on CCR2A. Understanding the functional properties of CCR2A in cellular responses may elucidate the roles played by MCP-1 and CCR2 in pathophysiological responses. Results CCR2 gene expression analysis in several cell types revealed that most adherent cells only expressed CCR2A, whereas CCR2B expression was dominant in monocytic cells. The C-terminal Helix 8 region of CCR2A contains few basic amino acids, which may be unfavorable for cell surface localization, as confirmed with the HiBiT assay. CCR2B contains many C-terminal Ser/Thr residues, similar to other chemokine receptors, which may be phosphorylated by G protein–coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) to promote β-arrestin recruitment and subsequent endocytosis. By contrast, CCR2A contains few C-terminal Ser/Thr residues, which are unlikely to be phosphorylated by GRKs. CCR2A localized on the cell surface is resistant to internalization, despite the interaction between Gβ and GRKs induced by ligand binding with CCR2A. CCR2A induced cellular responses at a relatively higher degree than CCR2B, although both receptors mediated signaling events through Gαq and Gαi. HeLa cells lacking CCR2A showed slowed growth compared with parent cells, regardless of MCP-1 stimulation, and their chemotactic activity toward MCP-1, in addition to basal motility, was significantly impaired. Conclusion MCP-1 and CCR2 may play pivotal roles in cancer progression by recruiting macrophages into cancer tissue. This study demonstrates that CCR2A but not CCR2B is expressed in solid cancer–derived cells. CCR2A is resistant to internalization by β-arrestin due to a distinct C-terminal region from CCR2B, which enhances MCP-1-stimulated responses, indicating that CCR2A may play essential roles in solid cancer progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00787-6.
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20
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Ni H, Zhao P, Chen G, Xu B, Yuan L. The role of CXCR3 and its ligands in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022688. [PMID: 36479091 PMCID: PMC9720144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a class of small cytokines or signaling proteins that are secreted by cells. Owing to their ability to induce directional chemotaxis of nearby responding cells, they are called chemotactic cytokines. Chemokines and chemokine receptors have now been shown to influence many cellular functions, including survival, adhesion, invasion, and proliferation, and regulate chemokine levels. Most malignant tumors express one or more chemokine receptors. The CXC subgroup of chemokine receptors, CXCR3, is mainly expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, and plays an essential role in infection, autoimmune diseases, and tumor immunity by binding to specific receptors on target cell membranes to induce targeted migration and immune responses. It is vital to treat infections, autoimmune diseases, and tumors. CXCR3 and its ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, are closely associated with the development and progression of many tumors. With the elucidation of its mechanism of action, CXCR3 is expected to become a new indicator for evaluating the prognosis of patients with tumors and a new target for clinical tumor immunotherapy. This article reviews the significance and mechanism of action of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its specific ligands in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Ni
- Department of Surgery, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Benling Xu
- Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Eiger DS, Boldizsar N, Honeycutt CC, Gardner J, Kirchner S, Hicks C, Choi I, Pham U, Zheng K, Warman A, Smith JS, Zhang JY, Rajagopal S. Location bias contributes to functionally selective responses of biased CXCR3 agonists. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5846. [PMID: 36195635 PMCID: PMC9532441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Some G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands act as "biased agonists" that preferentially activate specific signaling transducers over others. Although GPCRs are primarily found at the plasma membrane, GPCRs can traffic to and signal from many subcellular compartments. Here, we determine that differential subcellular signaling contributes to the biased signaling generated by three endogenous ligands of the GPCR CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3). The signaling profile of CXCR3 changes as it traffics from the plasma membrane to endosomes in a ligand-specific manner. Endosomal signaling is critical for biased activation of G proteins, β-arrestins, and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In CD8 + T cells, the chemokines promote unique transcriptional responses predicted to regulate inflammatory pathways. In a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity, β-arrestin-biased CXCR3-mediated inflammation is dependent on receptor internalization. Our work demonstrates that differential subcellular signaling is critical to the overall biased response observed at CXCR3, which has important implications for drugs targeting chemokine receptors and other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julia Gardner
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Stephen Kirchner
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Chloe Hicks
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Issac Choi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Uyen Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kevin Zheng
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anmol Warman
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Smith
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Dermatology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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22
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D'Uonnolo G, Reynders N, Meyrath M, Abboud D, Uchański T, Laeremans T, Volkman BF, Janji B, Hanson J, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A. The Extended N-Terminal Domain Confers Atypical Chemokine Receptor Properties to CXCR3-B. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868579. [PMID: 35720349 PMCID: PMC9198273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 plays a critical role in immune cell recruitment and activation. CXCR3 exists as two main isoforms, CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B, resulting from alternative splicing. Although the two isoforms differ only by the presence of an N-terminal extension in CXCR3-B, they have been attributed divergent functional effects on cell migration and proliferation. CXCR3-B is the more enigmatic isoform and the mechanisms underlying its function and signaling remain elusive. We therefore undertook an in-depth cellular and molecular comparative study of CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B, investigating their activation at different levels of the signaling cascades, including G protein coupling, β-arrestin recruitment and modulation of secondary messengers as well as their downstream gene response elements. We also compared the subcellular localization of the two isoforms and their trafficking under resting and stimulated conditions along with their ability to internalize CXCR3-related chemokines. Here, we show that the N-terminal extension of CXCR3-B drastically affects receptor features, modifying its cellular localization and preventing G protein coupling, while preserving β-arrestin recruitment and chemokine uptake capacities. Moreover, we demonstrate that gradual truncation of the N terminus leads to progressive recovery of surface expression and G protein coupling. Our study clarifies the molecular basis underlying the divergent effects of CXCR3 isoforms, and emphasizes the β-arrestin-bias and the atypical nature of CXCR3-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D'Uonnolo
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nathan Reynders
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Max Meyrath
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tomasz Uchański
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bassam Janji
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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23
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Satarkar D, Patra C. Evolution, Expression and Functional Analysis of CXCR3 in Neuronal and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:882017. [PMID: 35794867 PMCID: PMC9252580 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.882017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines form a sophisticated communication network wherein they maneuver the spatiotemporal migration of immune cells across a system. These chemical messengers are recognized by chemokine receptors, which can trigger a cascade of reactions upon binding to its respective ligand. CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) is a transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, which can selectively bind to CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. CXCR3 is predominantly expressed on immune cells, including activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. It thus plays a crucial role in immunological processes like homing of effector cells to infection sites and for pathogen clearance. Additionally, it is expressed on several cell types of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, due to which it has been implicated in several central nervous system disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, dengue viral disease, and glioblastoma, as well as cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy, and hypertension. This review provides a narrative description of the evolution, structure, function, and expression of CXCR3 and its corresponding ligands in mammals and zebrafish and the association of CXCR3 receptors with cardiovascular and neuronal disorders. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the connection of CXCR3 and disease could help researchers investigate the potential of CXCR3 as a biomarker for early diagnosis and as a therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention, along with developing robust zebrafish disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Satarkar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Chinmoy Patra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
- SP Phule University, Pune, India
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24
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Liisborg C, Skov V, Kjær L, Hasselbalch HC, Lykke Sørensen T. Lower CXCR3 expression in both patients with neovascular AMD and advanced stages of chronic myeloproliferative blood cancers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269960. [PMID: 35709177 PMCID: PMC9202899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Peripheral T cell CXCR3 expression has been found uniquely lower in patients having neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) than in healthy individuals. The CXCR3-axis has been shown to have angiostatic and antifibrotic properties. We have recently investigated systemic markers in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) because of their higher prevalence of AMD, and we have observed higher systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and immunosenescence signs in MPNs with drusen (MPNd) compared to those with normal retinas (MPNn). The MPNs evolve in a biological continuum from early cancer-stages (essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera) to the advanced myelofibrosis stage. Especially myelofibrosis is characterized by bone marrow angiogenesis and fibrosis, similarly to retinal observations in nAMD. We speculate if we can find lower CXCR3 expression in MPNs, particularly myelofibrosis and if differences are seen between MPNd and MPNn. We also wanted to compare expression in nAMD and intermediate (i)AMD.
Methods
Patients in this cross-sectional study were 29 nAMD, 28 iAMD, 35 MPNd, and 27 MPNn. We performed flowcytometry on blood to measure CXCR3 expression.
Results
CD8+CXCR3 expression in nAMD was 6,1%, significantly lower than in iAMD 16%, MPNd 11%, MPNn 12% (p-values<0.05). Similar results were seen for CD4+CXCR3 expression. We also found CXCR3 expression decreasing over the MPN-continuum. For instance, in myelofibrosis, intermediate monocytes expression was 6.2%, significantly lower than 18% in ET and 18% in PV (p-values<0.05).
Conclusions
We find CXCR3 downregulation on T-cells and some monocyte subset in nAMD compared to iAMD, MPNd, and MPNn, in line with previous nAMD studies. We also find CXCR3 downregulation in most monocyte subsets over the MPN continuum. Systemic leukocyte CXCR3 expression could both be involved in changes seen in the retina and the bone marrow. Further understanding the CXCR3-axis in AMD and MPNs may elucidate underlying pathogenic mechanisms and reveal new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Liisborg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Schilrreff P, Alexiev U. Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Skin Wounds and Promising Natural Bioactive Compounds Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094928. [PMID: 35563319 PMCID: PMC9104327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of chronic wounds and is tightly coupled to immune regulation. The dysregulation of the immune system leads to continuing inflammation and impaired wound healing and, subsequently, to chronic skin wounds. In this review, we discuss the role of the immune system, the involvement of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species, the complication of bacterial infections in chronic wound healing, and the still-underexplored potential of natural bioactive compounds in wound treatment. We focus on natural compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities and their mechanisms of action, as well as on recent wound treatments and therapeutic advancements capitalizing on nanotechnology or new biomaterial platforms.
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26
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Zheng K, Smith JS, Eiger DS, Warman A, Choi I, Honeycutt CC, Boldizsar N, Gundry JN, Pack TF, Inoue A, Caron MG, Rajagopal S. Biased agonists of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 differentially signal through Gα i:β-arrestin complexes. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabg5203. [PMID: 35316095 PMCID: PMC9890572 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abg5203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors and signal through the proximal effectors, G proteins and β-arrestins, to influence nearly every biological process. The G protein and β-arrestin signaling pathways have largely been considered separable; however, direct interactions between Gα proteins and β-arrestins have been described that appear to be part of a distinct GPCR signaling pathway. Within these complexes, Gαi/o, but not other Gα protein subtypes, directly interacts with β-arrestin, regardless of the canonical Gα protein that is coupled to the GPCR. Here, we report that the endogenous biased chemokine agonists of CXCR3 (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11), together with two small-molecule biased agonists, differentially formed Gαi:β-arrestin complexes. Formation of the Gαi:β-arrestin complexes did not correlate well with either G protein activation or β-arrestin recruitment. β-arrestin biosensors demonstrated that ligands that promoted Gαi:β-arrestin complex formation generated similar β-arrestin conformations. We also found that Gαi:β-arrestin complexes did not couple to the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK, as is observed with other receptors such as the V2 vasopressin receptor, but did couple with the clathrin adaptor protein AP-2, which suggests context-dependent signaling by these complexes. These findings reinforce the notion that Gαi:β-arrestin complex formation is a distinct GPCR signaling pathway and enhance our understanding of the spectrum of biased agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Smith
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Dermatology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dylan S. Eiger
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anmol Warman
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Issac Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Noelia Boldizsar
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jaimee N. Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas F. Pack
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27110, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marc G. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Corresponding author.
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27
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Celle A, Esteves P, Cardouat G, Beaufils F, Eyraud E, Dupin I, Maurat E, Lacomme S, Ousova O, Begueret H, Thumerel M, Marthan R, Girodet PO, Berger P, Trian T. Rhinovirus infection of bronchial epithelium induces specific bronchial smooth muscle cell migration of severe asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:104-113. [PMID: 35143808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe asthma show an increase in both exacerbation frequency and bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) mass. Rhinovirus (RV) infection of the bronchial epithelium (BE) is the main trigger of asthma exacerbations. Histological analysis of biopsies shows that a close connection between BE and hypertrophic BSM is a criterion for severity of asthma. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that RV infection of BE specifically increases asthmatic BSM cell migration. METHODS Serum samples, biopsies or BSM cells were obtained from 86 patients with severe asthma and 31 non-asthmatic subjects. BE cells from non-asthmatic subjects were cultured in an air-liquid interface and exposed to RV-16. Migration of BSM cells was assessed in response to BE supernatant using chemotaxis assays. Chemokine concentrations were analyzed by transcriptomics and ELISAs. Immunocytochemistry, western blotting and flow cytometry were used to quantify CXCR3 isoform distribution. CXCR3 downstream signaling pathways were assessed by calcium imaging and western blots. RESULTS BSM cells from severe asthmatic patients specifically migrated toward RV-infected BE, whereas those from non-asthmatic subjects did not. This specific migration is driven by BE CXCL10, which was increased in vitro in response to RV infection as well as in vivo in serum from exacerbating patients with severe asthma. The mechanism is related to both decreased expression and activation of the CXCR3-B-specific isoform in severe asthmatic BSM cells. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated a novel mechanism of BSM remodeling in severe asthmatic patients following RV exacerbation. This study highlights the CXCL10/CXCR3-A axis as a potential therapeutic target in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Celle
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Esteves
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Cardouat
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabien Beaufils
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Edmée Eyraud
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elise Maurat
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabrina Lacomme
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Olga Ousova
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hugues Begueret
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Matthieu Thumerel
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Roger Marthan
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Pierre-Olivier Girodet
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Thomas Trian
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Constitutive signal bias mediated by the human GHRHR splice variant 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106606118. [PMID: 34599099 PMCID: PMC8501799 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106606118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of functional changes induced by alternative splicing of GHRHR is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GHRH-elicited signal bias toward β-arrestin recruitment is constitutively mediated by SV1. The cryogenic electron microscopy structures of SV1 and molecular dynamics simulations reveal the different functionalities between GHRHR and SV1 at the near-atomic level (i.e., the N termini of GHRHR and SV1 differentiate the downstream signaling pathways, Gs versus β-arrestins). Our findings provide valuable insights into the functional diversity of class B1 GPCRs that may aid in the design of better therapeutic agents against certain cancers. Alternative splicing of G protein–coupled receptors has been observed, but their functions are largely unknown. Here, we report that a splice variant (SV1) of the human growth hormone–releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) is capable of transducing biased signal. Differing only at the receptor N terminus, GHRHR predominantly activates Gs while SV1 selectively couples to β-arrestins. Based on the cryogenic electron microscopy structures of SV1 in the apo state or GHRH-bound state in complex with the Gs protein, molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the N termini of GHRHR and SV1 differentiate the downstream signaling pathways, Gs versus β-arrestins. As suggested by mutagenesis and functional studies, it appears that GHRH-elicited signal bias toward β-arrestin recruitment is constitutively mediated by SV1. The level of SV1 expression in prostate cancer cells is also positively correlated with ERK1/2 phosphorylation but negatively correlated with cAMP response. Our findings imply that constitutive signal bias may be a mechanism that ensures cancer cell proliferation.
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Contribution of CXCR3-mediated signaling in the metastatic cascade of solid malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188628. [PMID: 34560199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a significant cause of the mortality resulting from solid malignancies. The process of metastasis is complex and is regulated by numerous cancer cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors. CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor that is frequently expressed by cancer cells, endothelial cells and immune cells. CXCR3A signaling in cancer cells tends to promote the invasive and migratory phenotype of cancer cells. Indirectly, CXCR3 modulates the anti-tumor immune response resulting in variable effects that can permit or inhibit metastatic progression. Finally, the activity of CXCR3B in endothelial cells is generally angiostatic, which limits the access of cancer cells to key conduits to secondary sites. However, the interaction of these activities within a tumor and the presence of opposing CXCR3 splice variants clouds the picture of the role of CXCR3 in metastasis. Consequently, thorough analysis of the contributions of CXCR3 to cancer metastasis is necessary. This review is an in-depth examination of the involvement of CXCR3 in the metastatic process of solid malignancies.
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Hart M, Nickl L, Walch-Rueckheim B, Krammes L, Rheinheimer S, Diener C, Taenzer T, Kehl T, Sester M, Lenhof HP, Keller A, Meese E. Wrinkle in the plan: miR-34a-5p impacts chemokine signaling by modulating CXCL10/CXCL11/CXCR3-axis in CD4 +, CD8 + T cells, and M1 macrophages. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001617. [PMID: 33229509 PMCID: PMC7684812 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016 the first-in-human phase I study of a miRNA-based cancer therapy with a liposomal mimic of microRNA-34a-5p (miR-34a-5p) was closed due to five immune related serious adverse events (SAEs) resulting in four patient deaths. For future applications of miRNA mimics in cancer therapy it is mandatory to unravel the miRNA effects both on the tumor tissue and on immune cells. Here, we set out to analyze the impact of miR-34a-5p over-expression on the CXCL10/CXCL11/CXCR3 axis, which is central for the development of an effective cancer control. METHODS We performed a whole genome expression analysis of miR-34a-5p transfected M1 macrophages followed by an over-representation and a protein-protein network analysis. In-silico miRNA target prediction and dual luciferase assays were used for target identification and verification. Target genes involved in chemokine signaling were functionally analyzed in M1 macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. RESULTS A whole genome expression analysis of M1 macrophages with induced miR-34a-5p over-expression revealed an interaction network of downregulated target mRNAs including CXCL10 and CXCL11. In-silico target prediction in combination with dual luciferase assays identified direct binding of miR-34a-5p to the 3'UTRs of CXCL10 and CXCL11. Decreased CXCL10 and CXCL11 secretion was shown on the endogenous protein level and in the supernatant of miR-34a-5p transfected and activated M1 macrophages. To complete the analysis of the CXCL10/CXCL11/CXCR3 axis, we activated miR-34a-5p transfected CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by PMA/Ionomycin and found reduced levels of endogenous CXCR3 and CXCR3 on the cell surface. CONCLUSIONS MiR-34a-5p mimic administered by intravenous administration will likely not only be up-taken by the tumor cells but also by the immune cells. Our results indicate that miR-34a-5p over-expression leads in M1 macrophages to a reduced secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL11 chemokines and in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to a reduced expression of CXCR3. As a result, less immune cells will be attracted to the tumor site. Furthermore, high levels of miR-34a-5p in naive CD4+ T cells can in turn hinder Th1 cell polarization through the downregulation of CXCR3 leading to a less pronounced activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer, and natural killer T cells and possibly contributing to lymphocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Laura Nickl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Walch-Rueckheim
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lena Krammes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Taenzer
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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31
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Vollmer T, Schlickeiser S, Amini L, Schulenberg S, Wendering DJ, Banday V, Jurisch A, Noster R, Kunkel D, Brindle NR, Savidis I, Akyüz L, Hecht J, Stervbo U, Roch T, Babel N, Reinke P, Winqvist O, Sherif A, Volk HD, Schmueck-Henneresse M. The intratumoral CXCR3 chemokine system is predictive of chemotherapy response in human bladder cancer. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eabb3735. [PMID: 33441425 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has direct toxic effects on cancer cells; however, long-term cancer control and complete remission are likely to involve CD8+ T cell immune responses. To study the role of CD8+ T cell infiltration in the success of chemotherapy, we examined patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who were categorized on the basis of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We identified the intratumoral CXCR3 chemokine system (ligands and receptor splice variants) as a critical component for tumor eradication upon NAC in MIBC. Through characterization of CD8+ T cells, we found that stem-like T cell subpopulations with abundant CXCR3alt, a variant form of the CXCL11 receptor, responded to CXCL11 in culture as demonstrated by migration and enhanced effector function. In tumor biopsies of patients with MIBC accessed before treatment, CXCL11 abundance correlated with high numbers of tumor-infiltrating T cells and response to NAC. The presence of CXCR3alt and CXCL11 was associated with improved overall survival in MIBC. Evaluation of both CXCR3alt and CXCL11 enabled discrimination between responder and nonresponder patients with MIBC before treatment. We validated the prognostic role of the CXCR3-CXCL11 chemokine system in an independent cohort of chemotherapy-treated and chemotherapy-naïve patients with MIBC from data in TCGA. In summary, our data revealed stimulatory activity of the CXCR3alt-CXCL11 chemokine system on CD8+ T cells that is predictive of chemotherapy responsiveness in MIBC. This may offer immunotherapeutic options for targeted activation of intratumoral stem-like T cells in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Vollmer
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leila Amini
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Schulenberg
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Desiree J Wendering
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Viqar Banday
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umea University, 901 85 Umea, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umea University, 901 85 Umea, Sweden
| | - Anke Jurisch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Noster
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Desiree Kunkel
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola R Brindle
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioannis Savidis
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Levent Akyüz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44623 Herne, Germany
| | - Toralf Roch
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Center for Translational Medicine, Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44623 Herne, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Center for Translational Medicine, Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44623 Herne, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ola Winqvist
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17 176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umea University, 901 85 Umea, Sweden
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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Ye J, Wang H, Cui L, Chu S, Chen N. The progress of chemokines and chemokine receptors in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:268-280. [PMID: 34077795 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders and the main symptoms of ASD are impairments in social communication and abnormal behavioral patterns. Studies have shown that immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation play a key role in ASD patients and experimental models. Chemokines are groups of small proteins that regulate cell migration and mediate inflammation responses via binding to chemokine receptors. Thus, chemokines/chemokine receptors may be involved in neurodevelopmental disorders and associated with ASD. In this review, we summarize the research progress of chemokine aberrations in ASD and also review the recent progress of clinical treatment of ASD and pharmacological research related to chemokines/chemokine receptors. This review highlights the possible connection between chemokines/chemokine receptors and ASD, and provides novel potential targets for drug discovery of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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CXCL10 Is an Agonist of the CC Family Chemokine Scavenger Receptor ACKR2/D6. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051054. [PMID: 33801414 PMCID: PMC7958614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 plays an important role in the tumour microenvironment. It has long been considered as a scavenger of inflammatory chemokines exclusively from the CC family. In this study, we identified the CXC chemokine CXCL10 as a new strong agonist ligand for ACKR2. CXCL10 is known to drive the infiltration of immune cells into the tumour bed and was previously reported to bind to CXCR3 only. We demonstrated that ACKR2 acts as a scavenger reducing the availability of CXCL10 for CXCR3. Our study sheds new light on the complexity of the chemokine network and the potential role of CXCL10 regulation by ACKR2 in tumour immunology. Abstract Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are important regulators of chemokine functions. Among them, the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 (also known as D6) has long been considered as a scavenger of inflammatory chemokines exclusively from the CC family. In this study, by using highly sensitive β-arrestin recruitment assays based on NanoBiT and NanoBRET technologies, we identified the inflammatory CXC chemokine CXCL10 as a new strong agonist ligand for ACKR2. CXCL10 is known to play an important role in the infiltration of immune cells into the tumour bed and was previously reported to bind to CXCR3 only. We demonstrated that ACKR2 is able to internalize and reduce the availability of CXCL10 in the extracellular space. Moreover, we found that, in contrast to CC chemokines, CXCL10 activity towards ACKR2 was drastically reduced by the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) N-terminal processing, pointing to a different receptor binding pocket occupancy by CC and CXC chemokines. Overall, our study sheds new light on the complexity of the chemokine network and the potential role of CXCL10 regulation by ACKR2 in many physiological and pathological processes, including tumour immunology. Our data also testify that systematic reassessment of chemokine-receptor pairing is critically needed as important interactions may remain unexplored.
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Lee C, Viswanathan G, Choi I, Jassal C, Kohlmann T, Rajagopal S. Beta-Arrestins and Receptor Signaling in the Vascular Endothelium. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010009. [PMID: 33374806 PMCID: PMC7824595 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is the innermost layer of blood vessels and is a key regulator of vascular tone. Endothelial function is controlled by receptor signaling through G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases and receptor serine-threonine kinases. The β-arrestins, multifunctional adapter proteins, have the potential to regulate all of these receptor families, although it is unclear as to whether they serve to integrate signaling across all of these different axes. Notably, the β-arrestins have been shown to regulate signaling by a number of receptors important in endothelial function, such as chemokine receptors and receptors for vasoactive substances such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and prostaglandins. β-arrestin-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to play central roles in pathways that control vasodilation, cell proliferation, migration, and immune function. At this time, the physiological impact of this signaling has not been studied in detail, but a deeper understanding of it could lead to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Gayathri Viswanathan
- Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (G.V.); (I.C.)
| | - Issac Choi
- Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (G.V.); (I.C.)
| | - Chanpreet Jassal
- College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Taylor Kohlmann
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (G.V.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
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van Gastel J, Leysen H, Boddaert J, Vangenechten L, Luttrell LM, Martin B, Maudsley S. Aging-related modifications to G protein-coupled receptor signaling diversity. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107793. [PMID: 33316288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a highly complex molecular process, affecting nearly all tissue systems in humans and is the highest risk factor in developing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The intense complexity of the aging process creates an incentive to develop more specific drugs that attenuate or even reverse some of the features of premature aging. As our current pharmacopeia is dominated by therapeutics that target members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily it may be prudent to search for effective anti-aging therapeutics in this fertile domain. Since the first demonstration of GPCR-based β-arrestin signaling, it has become clear that an enhanced appreciation of GPCR signaling diversity may facilitate the creation of therapeutics with selective signaling activities. Such 'biased' ligand signaling profiles can be effectively investigated using both standard molecular biological techniques as well as high-dimensionality data analyses. Through a more nuanced appreciation of the quantitative nature across the multiple dimensions of signaling bias that drugs possess, researchers may be able to further refine the efficacy of GPCR modulators to impact the complex aberrations that constitute the aging process. Identifying novel effector profiles could expand the effective pharmacopeia and assist in the design of precision medicines. This review discusses potential non-G protein effectors, and specifically their potential therapeutic suitability in aging and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Boddaert
- Molecular Pathology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Vangenechten
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Ceraudo E, Horioka M, Mattheisen JM, Hitchman TD, Moore AR, Kazmi MA, Chi P, Chen Y, Sakmar TP, Huber T. Direct evidence that the GPCR CysLTR2 mutant causative of uveal melanoma is constitutively active with highly biased signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100163. [PMID: 33288675 PMCID: PMC7948404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common eye cancer in adults and is clinically and genetically distinct from skin cutaneous melanoma. In a subset of cases, the oncogenic driver is an activating mutation in CYSLTR2, the gene encoding the G protein-coupled receptor cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 2 (CysLTR2). The mutant CYSLTR2 encodes for the CysLTR2-L129Q receptor, with the substitution of Leu to Gln at position 129 (3.43). The ability of CysLTR2-L129Q to cause malignant transformation has been hypothesized to result from constitutive activity, but how the receptor could escape desensitization is unknown. Here, we characterize the functional properties of CysLTR2-L129Q. We show that CysLTR2-L129Q is a constitutively active mutant that strongly drives Gq/11 signaling pathways. However, CysLTR2-L129Q only poorly recruits β-arrestin. Using a modified Slack-Hall operational model, we quantified the constitutive activity for both pathways and conclude that CysLTR2-L129Q displays profound signaling bias for Gq/11 signaling pathways while escaping β-arrestin-mediated downregulation. CYSLTR2 is the first known example of a G protein-coupled receptor driver oncogene that encodes a highly biased constitutively active mutant receptor. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of CysLTR2-L129Q oncoprotein signaling and suggest CYSLTR2 as a promising potential therapeutic target in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ceraudo
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mizuho Horioka
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan M Mattheisen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tyler D Hitchman
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amanda R Moore
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manija A Kazmi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.
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Russo E, Santoni A, Bernardini G. Tumor inhibition or tumor promotion? The duplicity of CXCR3 in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:673-685. [PMID: 32745326 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0320-205r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor tissue includes cancer cells and normal stromal cells such as vascular endothelial cells, connective tissue cells (cancer associated fibroblast, mesenchymal stem cell), and immune cells (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or TIL, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, tumor-associated macrophages or TAM, myeloid-derived suppressor cells or MDSC). Anti-tumor activity is mainly mediated by infiltration of NK cells, Th1 and CD8+ T cells, and correlates with expression of NK cell and T cell attracting chemokines. Nevertheless, cancer cells hijack tissue homeostasis through secretion of cytokines and chemokines that mediate not only the induction of an inflamed status that supports cancer cell survival and growth, but also the recruitment and/or activation of immune suppressive cells. CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are known for their tumor-inhibiting properties, but their overexpression in several hematologic and solid tumors correlates with disease severity, suggesting a role in tumor promotion. The dichotomous nature of CXCR3 ligands activity mainly depends on several molecular mechanisms induced by cancer cells themselves able to divert immune responses and to alter the whole local environment. A deep understanding of the nature of such phenomenon may provide a rationale to build up a CXCR3/ligand axis targeting strategy. In this review, we will discuss the role of CXCR3 in cancer progression and in regulation of anti-tumor immune response and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur-Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur-Italia, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur-Italia, Rome, Italy
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Eiger DS, Boldizsar N, Honeycutt CC, Gardner J, Rajagopal S. Biased agonism at chemokine receptors. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109862. [PMID: 33249087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the human chemokine system, interactions between the approximately 50 known endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 known chemokine receptors (CKRs) regulate a wide range of cellular functions and biological processes including immune cell activation and homeostasis, development, angiogenesis, and neuromodulation. CKRs are a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which represent the most common and versatile class of receptors in the human genome and the targets of approximately one third of all Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Chemokines and CKRs bind with significant promiscuity, as most CKRs can be activated by multiple chemokines and most chemokines can activate multiple CKRs. While these ligand-receptor interactions were previously regarded as redundant, it is now appreciated that many chemokine:CKR interactions display biased agonism, the phenomenon in which different ligands binding to the same receptor signal through different pathways with different efficacies, leading to distinct biological effects. Notably, these biased responses can be modulated through changes in ligand, receptor, and or the specific cellular context (system). In this review, we explore the biochemical mechanisms, functional consequences, and therapeutic potential of biased agonism in the chemokine system. An enhanced understanding of biased agonism in the chemokine system may prove transformative in the understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of biased signaling across all GPCR subtypes and aid in the development of biased pharmaceuticals with increased therapeutic efficacy and safer side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelia Boldizsar
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | - Julia Gardner
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Hu X, Shang X, Wang L, Fan J, Wang Y, Lv J, Nazierhan S, Wang H, Wang J, Ma X. The role of CXCR3 and its ligands expression in Brucellar spondylitis. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:59. [PMID: 33208100 PMCID: PMC7672857 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Brucellar spondylitis (BS) is one of the most serious complications of brucellosis. CXCR3 is closely related to the severity of disease infection. This research aimed to study the degree of BS inflammatory damage through analyzing the expression levels of CXCR3 and its ligands (CXCL9 and CXCL10) in patients with BS. Methods A total of 29 BS patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Real-Time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of BS patients and healthy controls. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was used to show the pathological changes in BS lesion tissues. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to show the protein expression levels of Brucella-Ab, IFN-γ, CXCR3, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in BS lesion tissues. At the same time, ELISA was used to detect the serum levels of IFN-γ, CXCL9 CXCL10 and autoantibodies against CXCR3 in patients with BS. Results In lesion tissue of BS patients, it showed necrosis of cartilage, acute or chronic inflammatory infiltration. Brucella-Ab protein was abundantly expressed in close lesion tissue. And the protein expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and CXCL10 were highly expressed in close lesion tissue and serum of BS patients. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and CXCL10 in PBMCs of BS patients were significantly higher than those in controls. Conclusion In our research, the expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and its ligands were significantly higher than those in controls. It suggested that high expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and its ligands indicated a serious inflammatory damage in patients with BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Shaxika Nazierhan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China. .,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China.
| | - Xiumin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China. .,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P.R. China.
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40
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Amabebe E, Anumba DO. The transmembrane G protein-coupled CXCR3 receptor-ligand system and maternal foetal allograft rejection. Placenta 2020; 104:81-88. [PMID: 33296735 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic placental inflammatory lesions lead to poor obstetric outcomes. These lesions often proceed undetected until examination of placental tissues after delivery and are mediated by CXCR3, a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, and its chemokine ligands - CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. CXCR3-chemokine ligand interaction disrupts feto-maternal immune tolerance and activate obnoxious immunological responses similar to transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease. The resultant chronic inflammatory responses manifest in different parts of the placenta characterised by the presence of incompatible immunocompetent cells from the feto-maternal unit i.e. maternal CD8+ T cells in the chorionic membrane or plate (chronic chorioamnionitis); foetal Hofbauer cells and maternal CD8+ T cells in the chorionic villous tree (villitis of unknown aetiology); maternal CD8+ T and plasma cells in the basal plate (chronic deciduitis); and maternal CD8+ T cells, histiocytes and T regulatory cells in the intervillous space (chronic intervillositis). This review critically examines how the CXCR3-chemokine ligand interaction disrupts feto-maternal immune tolerance, initiates a series of chronic placental inflammatory lesions, and consequently activates the pathways to intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, preterm labour and birth. The possibility of interrupting these signalling pathways through the use of CXCR3 chemokine inhibitors to prevent adverse reproductive sequelae as well as the potential clinical utility of CXCR3 chemokines as non-invasive predictive clinical biomarkers are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Amabebe
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Dilly O Anumba
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK.
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Marti-Solano M, Crilly SE, Malinverni D, Munk C, Harris M, Pearce A, Quon T, Mackenzie AE, Wang X, Peng J, Tobin AB, Ladds G, Milligan G, Gloriam DE, Puthenveedu MA, Babu MM. Combinatorial expression of GPCR isoforms affects signalling and drug responses. Nature 2020; 587:650-656. [PMID: 33149304 PMCID: PMC7611127 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that modulate physiology across human tissues in response to extracellular signals. GPCR-mediated signalling can differ because of changes in the sequence1,2 or expression3 of the receptors, leading to signalling bias when comparing diverse physiological systems4. An underexplored source of such bias is the generation of functionally diverse GPCR isoforms with different patterns of expression across different tissues. Here we integrate data from human tissue-level transcriptomes, GPCR sequences and structures, proteomics, single-cell transcriptomics, population-wide genetic association studies and pharmacological experiments. We show how a single GPCR gene can diversify into several isoforms with distinct signalling properties, and how unique isoform combinations expressed in different tissues can generate distinct signalling states. Depending on their structural changes and expression patterns, some of the detected isoforms may influence cellular responses to drugs and represent new targets for developing drugs with improved tissue selectivity. Our findings highlight the need to move from a canonical to a context-specific view of GPCR signalling that considers how combinatorial expression of isoforms in a particular cell type, tissue or organism collectively influences receptor signalling and drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie E Crilly
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Duccio Malinverni
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christian Munk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abigail Pearce
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tezz Quon
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amanda E Mackenzie
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manojkumar A Puthenveedu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a malignancy that stems from melanocytes and is defined as the most dangerous skin malignancy in terms of metastasis and mortality rates. CXC motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), is a small cytokine-like protein secreted by a wide variety of cell types. CXCL10 is a ligand of the CXC chemokine receptor-3 (CXCR3) and is predominantly expressed by T helper cells (Th cells), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells (NKs), as well as some epithelial and cancer cells. Similar to other chemokines, CXCL10 plays a role in immunomodulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis, chemotaxis and leukocyte trafficking. CONCLUSIONS Recent studies indicate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis may act as a double-edged sword in terms of pro- and anti-cancer activities in a variety of tissues and cells, especially in melanoma cells and their microenvironments. Most of these activities arise from the CXCR3 splice variants CXCR3-A, CXCR3-B and CXCR3-Alt. In this review, we discuss the pro- and anti-cancer properties of CXCL10 in various types of tissues and cells, particularly melanoma cells, including its potential as a therapeutic target.
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43
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D'Agostino G, García-Cuesta EM, Gomariz RP, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Mellado M. The multilayered complexity of the chemokine receptor system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:347-358. [PMID: 32145914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemokines receptor family are membrane-expressed class A-specific seven-transmembrane receptors linked to G proteins. Through interaction with the corresponding ligands, the chemokines, they induce a wide variety of cellular responses including cell polarization, movement, immune and inflammatory responses, as well as the prevention of HIV-1 infection. Like a Russian matryoshka doll, the chemokine receptor system is more complex than initially envisaged. This review focuses on the mechanisms that contribute to this dazzling complexity and how they modulate the signaling events triggered by chemokines. The chemokines and their receptors exist as monomers, dimers and oligomers, their expression pattern is highly regulated, and the ligands can bind distinct receptors with similar affinities. The use of novel imaging-based technologies, particularly real-time imaging modalities, has shed new light on the very dynamic conformations that chemokine receptors adopt depending on the cellular context, and that affect chemokine-mediated responses. This complex scenario presents both challenging and exciting opportunities for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Agostino
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M García-Cuesta
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa P Gomariz
- Dept. Cell Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), E-28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mellado
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Park J, Langmead CJ, Riddy DM. New Advances in Targeting the Resolution of Inflammation: Implications for Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator GPCR Drug Discovery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:88-106. [PMID: 32259091 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a component of numerous diseases including autoimmune, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cancer. The discovery and characterization of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) critical to the resolution of inflammation, and their cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has led to a significant increase in the understanding of this physiological process. Approximately 20 ligands, including lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, and 6 receptors (FPR2/ALX, GPR32, GPR18, chemerin1, BLT1, and GPR37) have been identified highlighting the complex and multilayered nature of resolution. Therapeutic efforts in targeting these receptors have proved challenging, with very few ligands apparently progressing through to preclinical or clinical development. To date, some knowledge gaps remain in the understanding of how the activation of these receptors, and their downstream signaling, results in efficient resolution via apoptosis, phagocytosis, and efferocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) and macrophages. SPMs bind and activate multiple receptors (ligand poly-pharmacology), while most receptors are activated by multiple ligands (receptor pleiotropy). In addition, allosteric binding sites have been identified signifying the capacity of more than one ligand to bind simultaneously. These fundamental characteristics of SPM receptors enable alternative targeting strategies to be considered, including biased signaling and allosteric modulation. This review describes those ligands and receptors involved in the resolution of inflammation, and highlights the most recent clinical trial results. Furthermore, we describe alternative mechanisms by which these SPM receptors could be targeted, paving the way for the identification of new therapeutics, perhaps with greater efficacy and fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Park
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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45
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Bikfalvi A, Billottet C. The CC and CXC chemokines: major regulators of tumor progression and the tumor microenvironment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C542-C554. [PMID: 31913695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00378.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of soluble cytokines that act as chemoattractants to guide the migration of cells, in particular of immune cells. However, chemokines are also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Chemokines are associated with a variety of human diseases including chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, cancer, and metastasis. This review discusses the expression of CC and CXC chemokines in the tumor microenvironment and their supportive and inhibitory roles in tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor immunity. We also specially focus on the diverse roles of CXC chemokines (CXCL9-11, CXCL4 and its variant CXCL4L1) and their two chemokine receptor CXCR3 isoforms, CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B. These two distinct isoforms have divergent roles in tumors, either promoting (CXCR3-A) or inhibiting (CXCR3-B) tumor progression. Their effects are mediated not only directly in tumor cells but also indirectly via the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor immunity. A full comprehension of their mechanisms of action is critical to further validate these chemokines and their receptors as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bikfalvi
- INSERM U1029, Pessac, France.,University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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46
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Kundu N, Ma X, Brox R, Fan X, Kochel T, Reader J, Tschammer N, Fulton A. The Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Isoform B Drives Breast Cancer Stem Cells. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019; 13:1178223419873628. [PMID: 31619923 PMCID: PMC6777055 DOI: 10.1177/1178223419873628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We are seeking to identify molecular targets that are relevant to breast cancer
cells with stem-like properties. There is growing evidence that cancer stem
cells (CSCs) are supported by inflammatory mediators expressed in the tumor
microenvironment. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 binds the interferon-γ-inducible,
ELR-negative CXC chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 and malignant cells have
co-opted this receptor to promote tumor cell migration and invasion. There are 2
major isoforms of CXCR3: CXCR3A and CXCR3B. The latter is generated from
alternative splicing and results in a protein with a longer N-terminal domain.
CXCR3 isoform A is generally considered to play a major role in tumor
metastasis. When the entire tumor cell population is examined, CXCR3 isoform B
is usually detected at much lower levels than CXCR3A and for this, and other
reasons, was not considered to drive tumor progression. We have shown that
CXCR3B is significantly upregulated in the subpopulation of breast CSCs in
comparison with the bulk tumor cell population in 3 independent breast cancer
cell lines (MDA-MB-231, SUM159, and T47D). Modulation of CXCR3B levels by knock
in strategies increases CSC populations identified by aldehyde dehydrogenase
activity or CD44+CD24− phenotype as well as
tumorsphere-forming capacity. The reverse is seen when CXCR3B is gene-silenced.
CXCL11 and CXCL10 directly induce CSC. We also report that novel CXCR3
allosteric modulators BD064 and BD103 prevent the induction of CSCs. BD103
inhibited experimental metastasis. This protective effect is associated with the
reversal of CXCR3 ligand-mediated activation of STAT3, ERK1/2, CREB, and NOTCH1
pathways. We propose that CXCR3B, expressed on CSC, should be explored further
as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Kundu
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinrong Ma
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Regine Brox
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Kochel
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jocelyn Reader
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amy Fulton
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Rico CA, Berchiche YA, Horioka M, Peeler JC, Lorenzen E, Tian H, Kazmi MA, Fürstenberg A, Gaertner H, Hartley O, Sakmar TP, Huber T. High-Affinity Binding of Chemokine Analogs that Display Ligand Bias at the HIV-1 Coreceptor CCR5. Biophys J 2019; 117:903-919. [PMID: 31421836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR5 is a drug target to prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS. We studied four analogs of the native chemokine regulated, on activation, normal T-cell-expressed, and secreted (RANTES) (CCL5) that have anti-HIV potencies of around 25 pM, which is more than four orders of magnitude higher than that of RANTES itself. It has been hypothesized that the ultrahigh potency of the analogs is due to their ability to bind populations of receptors not accessible to native chemokines. To test this hypothesis, we developed a homogeneous dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy assay for saturation- and competition-binding experiments. The fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy assay has the advantage that it does not rely on competition with radioactively labeled native chemokines used in conventional assays. We prepared site-specifically labeled fluorescent analogs using native chemical ligation of synthetic peptides, followed by bioorthogonal fluorescent labeling. We engineered a mammalian cell expression construct to provide fluorescently labeled CCR5, which was purified using a tandem immunoaffinity and size-exclusion chromatography approach to obtain monomeric fluorescent CCR5 in detergent solution. We found subnanomolar binding affinities for the two analogs 5P12-RANTES and 5P14-RANTES and about 20-fold reduced affinities for PSC-RANTES and 6P4-RANTES. Using homologous and heterologous competition experiments with unlabeled chemokine analogs, we conclude that the analogs all bind at the same binding site, whereas the native chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1α) fail to displace bound fluorescent analogs even at tens of micromolar concentrations. Our results can be rationalized with de novo structural models of the N-terminal tails of the synthetic chemokines that adopt a different binding mode as compared to the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Rico
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Yamina A Berchiche
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; B Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mizuho Horioka
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer C Peeler
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Deparment of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Emily Lorenzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - He Tian
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Manija A Kazmi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Gaertner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
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Reynders N, Abboud D, Baragli A, Noman MZ, Rogister B, Niclou SP, Heveker N, Janji B, Hanson J, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A. The Distinct Roles of CXCR3 Variants and Their Ligands in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060613. [PMID: 31216755 PMCID: PMC6627231 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
First thought to orchestrate exclusively leukocyte trafficking, chemokines are now acknowledged for their multiple roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of their normal functions contributes to various pathologies, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. The two chemokine receptor 3 variants CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B, together with their cognate chemokines (CXCL11, CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL4, and CXCL4L1), are involved in the control but also in the development of many tumors. CXCR3-A drives the infiltration of leukocytes to the tumor bed to modulate tumor progression (paracrine axis). Conversely, tumor-driven changes in the expression of the CXCR3 variants and their ligands promote cancer progression (autocrine axis). This review summarizes the anti- and pro-tumoral activities of the CXCR3 variants and their associated chemokines with a focus on the understanding of their distinct biological roles in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Reynders
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, CHU, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Alessandra Baragli
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Muhammad Zaeem Noman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Neurology Department, CHU, Academic Hospital, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Nikolaus Heveker
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, CHU, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine (CIRM), University of Liège, CHU, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Innate lymphocyte-induced CXCR3B-mediated melanocyte apoptosis is a potential initiator of T-cell autoreactivity in vitiligo. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2178. [PMID: 31097717 PMCID: PMC6522502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cells play a crucial role in progression of autoimmunity, including vitiligo, yet the initial steps triggering their activation and tissue damage remain unknown. Here we demonstrate increased presence of type-1 innate lymphoid cells (NK and ILC1)-producing interferon gamma (IFNγ) in the blood and in non-lesional skin of vitiligo patients. Melanocytes of vitiligo patients have strong basal expression of chemokine-receptor-3 (CXCR3) isoform B which is directly regulated by IFNγ. CXCR3B activation by CXCL10 at the surface of cultured human melanocytes induces their apoptosis. The remaining melanocytes, activated by the IFNγ production, express co-stimulatory markers which trigger T-cell proliferation and subsequent anti-melanocytic immunity. Inhibiting the CXCR3B activation prevents this apoptosis and the further activation of T cells. Our results emphasize the key role of CXCR3B in apoptosis of melanocytes and identify CXCR3B as a potential target to prevent and to treat vitiligo by acting at the early stages of melanocyte destruction. Tissue signals that prime autoreactive T cells at the onset of autoimmunity remain enigmatic. Here the authors show NK and ILC1 cells are increased in vitiligo patients, and induce melanocyte apoptosis via CXCR3B, which in turn leads to increased priming of T cell responses in cell culture.
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