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Zhu X, Jia G, Xu X. Accelerated rise in wildfire carbon emissions from Arctic continuous permafrost. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:2430-2438. [PMID: 38910108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires over permafrost put perennially frozen carbon at risk. However, wildfire emissions from biomass burning over the diverse range of permafrost regions and their share in global wildfire emissions have not been revealed. The results showed a dramatic increase in wildfire carbon emissions from permafrost regions over the period 1997-2021. The share of permafrost in global wildfire CO2 emissions increased from 2.42% in 1997 to 20.86% in 2021. Accelerating wildfire emissions from continuous permafrost region is the single largest contributor to increased emissions in northern permafrost regions. Fire-induced emissions from 2019 to 2021 alone accounted for approximately 40% of the 25-year total CO2 emissions from continuous permafrost regions. The rise in wildfire emissions from continuous permafrost regions is explained by desiccation within a 5-10 cm soil depth, where wildfires combust belowground fuel. These findings highlight the acceleration of fire-induced carbon emissions from continuous permafrost regions, which disturb the organic carbon stock and accelerate the positive feedback between permafrost degradation and climate warming, thus stimulating permafrost towards a climatic tipping point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gensuo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Luo T, Li L, Wang Q, Liu W, Guo J, Yan Y, Chris N, Zhou Y, Zhao J. The changes in zoological publication rates and focal subdisciplines between 1960 and 2022. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 39075983 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Since ancient times, zoology, as the branch of biology dealing with animals, has been a cornerstone of natural science and has developed substantially over the last century. We conducted a bibliometric analysis using structural topic modeling (STM) to determine changes in the representation of principal zoological subdisciplines in the literature between 1960 and 2022. We collated a corpus of 217 414 articles from 88 top-ranked zoology journals and identified three main fields: (i) ecology, (ii) evolution, and (iii) applied research. Within these, we identified 10 major subdisciplines. The number of studies published per year grew from 118 in 1960 to 6635 in 2022. Macroscale-related subdisciplines increased while classical and traditional subdisciplines decreased. Mammals (34.4%) and insects (18.1%) were the dominant taxa covered, followed by birds (15.2%) and fish (8.0%). Research on mammals, insects, and fish involved a broad range of subdisciplines, whereas studies of birds focused on ecological subdisciplines. Most publications were from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Australia, China, and Japan, with two developing countries, China and South Africa among the top 15 countries. There were different subdiscipline biases between countries, and the gross domestic product of each country correlated positively with its publication output (R2 = 0.681). We discuss our findings in the context of advances in technological innovations and computing power, as well as the emergence of ecology as a formal sister discipline, driven by changing environmental pressures and societal values. We caution that valuable publications from traditional zoological fields must not be completely supplanted by more contemporary topics and increasingly sophisticated analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Luo
- College of Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Liyu Li
- College of Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wentong Liu
- College of Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jinyu Guo
- College of Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yimei Yan
- College of Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Newman Chris
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Youbing Zhou
- College of Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center of Ecological Conservation and Management in Three Gorges Area, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center of Ecological Conservation and Management in Three Gorges Area, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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3
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Barrett R, Stein LR. Short-term heat waves have long-term consequences for parents and offspring in stickleback. Behav Ecol 2024; 35:arae036. [PMID: 38779597 PMCID: PMC11110458 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme temperature events, such as heat waves, can have lasting effects on the behavior, physiology, and reproductive success of organisms. Here, we examine the impact of short-term exposure to a simulated heat wave on condition, parental care, and reproductive success in a population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a small fish with exclusive paternal care, currently experiencing regular heat waves. Males were either exposed to a simulated heat wave (23 °C) for 5 d or held at an ideal temperature (18 °C). Following this 5-d treatment, all males were transferred to 18 °C, where they completed a full parenting cycle. Offspring were raised at 18 °C. We found that while mass and body condition were unaffected in males exposed to a heat wave, cortisol responses were dampened across the nesting cycle compared to control males. In addition, heat wave males had longer latency for eggs to hatch, lower hatching success, and showed lower levels of parental care behavior compared to control males. Offspring of heat wave males had lower body condition, affecting swimming performance. Altogether, our results highlight the long-term impact that even short-term events can have on reproductive success, parental behavior, and subsequent generations, providing insight into population responses to rapid environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Barrett
- School of Biological Sciences, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Rm 314, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Laura R Stein
- School of Biological Sciences, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Rm 314, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
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4
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Ji XY, Feng JT, Zhou ZY, Zhang YY, Ma SZ, Wang XQ, Zhang B. Catalpol alleviates heat stroke-induced liver injury in mice by downregulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155853. [PMID: 38968792 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stroke (HS) generated liver injury is a lethal emergency that occurs when the body is exposed to temperatures up to 40 °C for a few hours. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic prospects of Catalpol (CA) from the blood-cooling herb Rehamanniae Radix on liver injury by HS. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A murine HS model (41 ± 0.5 °C, 60 ± 5 % relative humidity) and two cell lines (lipopolysaccharide + 42 °C) were used to assess the protective effects of CA on physiological, pathological, and biochemical features in silico, in vivo, and in vitro. RESULTS CA treatment significantly improved survival rates in vivo and cell viability in vitro over those of the untreated group. Additionally, CA treatment reduced core body temperature, enhanced survival time, and mitigated liver tissue damage. Furthermore, CA treatment also reduced the activities of AST and ALT enzymes in the serum samples of HS mice. Molecular docking analysis of the 28 overlapping targets between HS and CA revealed that CA has strong binding affinities for the top 15 targets. These targets are primarily involved in nine major signaling pathways, with the JAK-STAT pathway being highly associated with the other eight pathways. Our findings also indicate that CA treatment significantly downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines both in vivo and in vitro while upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, CA treatment reduced the levels of JAK2, phospho-STAT5, and phospho-STAT3 both in vivo and in vitro, which is consistent with its inhibition of the apoptotic markers p53, Bcl2, and Bax. CONCLUSIONS Heat stroke-induced liver injury was inhibited by CA through the downregulation of JAK/STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye Ji
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
| | - Jian Ting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
| | - Zong Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Yan Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
| | - Shao Zhuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
| | - Xiao Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China.
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5
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Wei H, Chen B, Huang K, Gao M, Fan B, Zhang T, Tu Y, Xu B. Moderating AC Usage Can Reduce Thermal Disparity between Indoor and Outdoor Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10524-10535. [PMID: 38832650 PMCID: PMC11192031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In the context of escalating urban heat events due to climate change, air conditioning (AC) has become a critical factor in maintaining indoor thermal comfort. Yet the usage of AC can also exacerbate outdoor heat stress and burden the electricity system, and there is little scientific knowledge regarding how to balance these conflicting goals. To address this issue, we established a coupled modeling approach, integrating the Weather Research and Forecasting model with the building energy model (WRF_BEP + BEM), and designed multiple AC usage scenarios. We selected Chongqing, China's fourth-largest megacity, as our study area due to its significant socioeconomic importance, the severity of extreme heat events, and the uniqueness of its energy infrastructure. Our analysis reveals that AC systems can substantially reduce indoor temperatures by up to 18 °C; however, it also identifies substantial nighttime warming (2-2.5 °C) and a decline in thermal comfort. Particularly for high-density neighborhoods, when we increase 2 °C indoors, the outdoor temperature can be alleviated by up to 1 °C. Besides, despite the limited capacity to regulate peak electricity demand, we identified that reducing the spatial cooled fraction, increasing targeted indoor temperature by 2 °C, and implementing temporal AC schedules can effectively lower energy consumption in high-density neighborhoods, especially the reduction of spatial cooled fraction (up to 50%). Considering the substantial demand for cooling energy, it is imperative to carefully assess the adequacy and continuity of backup energy sources. The study underscores the urgency of reassessing energy resilience and advocates for addressing the thermal equity between indoor and outdoor environments, contributing to the development of a sustainable and just urban climate strategy in an era of intensifying heat events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei
- Ministry
of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds,
Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Future
Urbanity & Sustainable Environment (FUSE) Lab, Division of Landscape
Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, The
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
SAR 999077, China
- Urban
Systems Institute, The University of Hong
Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- HKU
Musketeers Foundation Institute of Data Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
| | | | - Meng Gao
- Department
of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Ministry
of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds,
Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Ministry
of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds,
Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Tu
- Ministry
of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds,
Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Ministry
of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds,
Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- International
Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China
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6
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Rudolph TE, Roths M, Freestone AD, Rhoads RP, White-Springer SH, Baumgard LH, Selsby JT. The contribution of biological sex to heat stress-mediated outcomes in growing pigs. Animal 2024; 18:101168. [PMID: 38762992 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) negatively impacts a variety of production parameters in growing pigs; however, the impact of biological sex on the HS response is largely unknown. To address this, 48 crossbred barrows and gilts (36.8 ± 3.7 kg BW) were individually housed and assigned to one of three constant environmental conditions: (1) thermoneutral (TN) (20.8 ± 1.6 °C; 62.0 ± 4.7% relative humidity; n = 8/sex), (2) HS (39.4 ± 0.6 °C; 33.7 ± 6.3% relative humidity) for 1 d (HS1; n = 8/sex), or (3) or for 7 d (HS7; n = 8/sex). As expected, HS increased rectal temperature (Tr) following 1 d of HS (1.0 °C; P < 0.0001) and 7 d of HS (0.9 °C; P < 0.0001). By 7 d, heat-stressed gilts were cooler than barrows (0.4 °C; P = 0.016), despite identical heating conditions. There was a main effect of sex such that barrows had higher Tr than gilts (P = 0.031). Heat-stressed pigs on d 1 had marked reductions in feed intake and BW compared to TN (P < 0.0001). One day of HS resulted in negative gain to feed (G:F) in barrows and gilts and was reduced compared to TN (P < 0.0001). Notably, following 1 d of HS, the variability of G:F was greater in gilts than in barrows. Between 1 and 7 d of HS, G:F improved in barrows and gilts and were similar to TN pigs, even though HS barrows had higher Tr than gilts over this period. Heat stress for 1 and 7 d reduced empty gastrointestinal tract weight compared to TN (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, HS7 gilts had decreased gastrointestinal tract weight compared to HS1 gilts (2.43 vs 2.72 kg; P = 0.03), whereas it was similar between HS1 and HS7 barrows. Lastly, a greater proportion of gastrointestinal contents was in the stomach of HS1 pigs compared to TN and HS7 (P < 0.05), which is suggestive of decreased gastric emptying. Overall, HS barrows maintained an elevated Tr compared to HS gilts through the duration of the experiment but also maintained similar growth and production metrics compared to gilts, despite this higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Rudolph
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - M Roths
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - A D Freestone
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - R P Rhoads
- School of Animal Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - S H White-Springer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - J T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. %
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7
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Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Chen B, Yu Y, Wang T, Xu N, Fan X, Penuelas J, Fu Z, Deng Y, Zhu YG, Qian H. Global biogeography of microbes driving ocean ecological status under climate change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4657. [PMID: 38822036 PMCID: PMC11143227 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities play a crucial role in ocean ecology and global biogeochemical processes. However, understanding the intricate interactions among diversity, taxonomical composition, functional traits, and how these factors respond to climate change remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose seven distinct ecological statuses by systematically considering the diversity, structure, and biogeochemical potential of the ocean microbiome to delineate their biogeography. Anthropogenic climate change is expected to alter the ecological status of the surface ocean by influencing environmental conditions, particularly nutrient and oxygen contents. Our predictive model, which utilizes machine learning, indicates that the ecological status of approximately 32.44% of the surface ocean may undergo changes from the present to the end of this century, assuming no policy interventions. These changes mainly include poleward shifts in the main taxa, increases in photosynthetic carbon fixation and decreases in nutrient metabolism. However, this proportion can decrease significantly with effective control of greenhouse gas emissions. Our study underscores the urgent necessity for implementing policies to mitigate climate change, particularly from an ecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China
| | - Bingfeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Yitian Yu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Tingzhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Nuohan Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China
| | - Xiaoji Fan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Ye Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China.
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8
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Leach NJ, Roberts CD, Aengenheyster M, Heathcote D, Mitchell DM, Thompson V, Palmer T, Weisheimer A, Allen MR. Heatwave attribution based on reliable operational weather forecasts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4530. [PMID: 38816393 PMCID: PMC11140005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave was so extreme as to challenge conventional statistical and climate-model-based approaches to extreme weather attribution. However, state-of-the-art operational weather prediction systems are demonstrably able to simulate the detailed physics of the heatwave. Here, we leverage these systems to show that human influence on the climate made this event at least 8 [2-50] times more likely. At the current rate of global warming, the likelihood of such an event is doubling every 20 [10-50] years. Given the multi-decade lower-bound return-time implied by the length of the historical record, this rate of change in likelihood is highly relevant for decision makers. Further, forecast-based attribution can synthesise the conditional event-specific storyline and unconditional event-class probabilistic approaches to attribution. If developed as a routine service in forecasting centres, it could provide reliable estimates of human influence on extreme weather risk, which is critical to supporting effective adaptation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Leach
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK.
- Climate X Ltd., EC2N 2JA, London, UK.
| | - Christopher D Roberts
- Earth System Predictability Section, Research Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, RG2 9AX, Reading, UK
| | - Matthias Aengenheyster
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
- Earth System Predictability Section, Research Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, RG2 9AX, Reading, UK
| | - Daniel Heathcote
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1SS, Bristol, UK
| | - Dann M Mitchell
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1SS, Bristol, UK
| | - Vikki Thompson
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1SS, Bristol, UK
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), 3731 GA, De Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Palmer
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
| | - Antje Weisheimer
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
- Earth System Predictability Section, Research Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, RG2 9AX, Reading, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
| | - Myles R Allen
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY, Oxford, UK
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9
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Wang F, Gao M, Liu C, Zhao R, McElroy MB. Uniformly elevated future heat stress in China driven by spatially heterogeneous water vapor changes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4522. [PMID: 38806500 PMCID: PMC11133461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The wet bulb temperature (Tw) has gained considerable attention as a crucial indicator of heat-related health risks. Here we report south-to-north spatially heterogeneous trends of Tw in China over 1979-2018. We find that actual water vapor pressure (Ea) changes play a dominant role in determining the different trend of Tw in southern and northern China, which is attributed to the faster warming of high-latitude regions of East Asia as a response to climate change. This warming effect regulates large-scale atmospheric features and leads to extended impacts of the South Asia high (SAH) and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) over southern China and to suppressed moisture transport. Attribution analysis using climate model simulations confirms these findings. We further find that the entire eastern China, that accommodates 94% of the country's population, is likely to experience widespread and uniform elevated thermal stress the end of this century. Our findings highlight the necessity for development of adaptation measures in eastern China to avoid adverse impacts of heat stress, suggesting similar implications for other regions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Ran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Michael B McElroy
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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10
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Lo YTE, Mitchell DM, Gasparrini A. Compound mortality impacts from extreme temperatures and the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4289. [PMID: 38782899 PMCID: PMC11116452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme weather and coronavirus-type pandemics are both leading global health concerns. Until now, no study has quantified the compound health consequences of the co-occurrence of them. We estimate the mortality attributable to extreme heat and cold events, which dominate the UK health burden from weather hazards, in England and Wales in the period 2020-2022, during which the COVID-19 pandemic peaked in terms of mortality. We show that temperature-related mortality exceeded COVID-19 mortality by 8% in South West England. Combined, extreme temperatures and COVID-19 led to 19 (95% confidence interval: 16-22 in North West England) to 24 (95% confidence interval: 20-29 in Wales) excess deaths per 100,000 population during heatwaves, and 80 (95% confidence interval: 75-86 in Yorkshire and the Humber) to 127 (95% confidence interval: 123-132 in East of England) excess deaths per 100,000 population during cold snaps. These numbers are at least ~2 times higher than the previous decade. Society must increase preparedness for compound health crises such as extreme weather coinciding with pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Eunice Lo
- Cabot Institute for the Environment, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Dann M Mitchell
- Cabot Institute for the Environment, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Environment & Health Modelling (EHM) Lab, Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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11
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Li X, Mann ME, Wehner MF, Rahmstorf S, Petri S, Christiansen S, Carrillo J. Role of atmospheric resonance and land-atmosphere feedbacks as a precursor to the June 2021 Pacific Northwest Heat Dome event. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315330121. [PMID: 38227661 PMCID: PMC10823217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315330121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate an indirect, rather than direct, role of quasi-resonant amplification of planetary waves in a summer weather extreme. We find that there was an interplay between a persistent, amplified large-scale atmospheric circulation state and soil moisture feedbacks as a precursor for the June 2021 Pacific Northwest "Heat Dome" event. An extended resonant planetary wave configuration prior to the event created an antecedent soil moisture deficit that amplified lower atmospheric warming through strong nonlinear soil moisture feedbacks, favoring this unprecedented heat event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Li
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michael E. Mann
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michael F. Wehner
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Stefan Rahmstorf
- Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PotsdamD-14412, Germany
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Stefan Petri
- Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PotsdamD-14412, Germany
| | - Shannon Christiansen
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Judit Carrillo
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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12
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Fischer EM, Beyerle U, Bloin-Wibe L, Gessner C, Humphrey V, Lehner F, Pendergrass AG, Sippel S, Zeder J, Knutti R. Storylines for unprecedented heatwaves based on ensemble boosting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4643. [PMID: 37607932 PMCID: PMC10444783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent temperature extremes have shattered previously observed records, reaching intensities that were inconceivable before the events. Could the possibility of an event with such unprecedented intensity as the 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave have been foreseen, based on climate model information available before the event? Could the scientific community have quantified its potential intensity based on the current generation of climate models? Here, we demonstrate how an ensemble boosting approach can be used to generate physically plausible storylines of a heatwave hotter than observed in the Pacific Northwest. We also show that heatwaves of much greater intensities than ever observed are possible in other locations like the Greater Chicago and Paris regions. In order to establish confidence in storylines of 'black swan'-type events, different lines of evidence need to be combined along with process understanding to make this information robust and actionable for stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Fischer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - U Beyerle
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Bloin-Wibe
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Gessner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Humphrey
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Lehner
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
- Polar Bears International, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - A G Pendergrass
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Sippel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Zeder
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Knutti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Chapman CL, Holt SM, O'Connell CT, Brazelton SC, Howells WAB, Medved HN, Reed EL, Needham KW, Halliwill JR, Minson CT. Acute kidney injury biomarkers and hydration assessments following prolonged mild hypohydration in healthy young adults. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F199-F213. [PMID: 37318992 PMCID: PMC10396285 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00086.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of inadequate hydration (e.g., hypohydration and underhydration) is concerning given that extreme heat increases excess hospitalizations for fluid/electrolyte disorders and acute kidney injury (AKI). Inadequate hydration may also be related to renal and cardiometabolic disease development. This study tested the hypothesis that prolonged mild hypohydration increases the urinary AKI biomarker product of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 ([IGFBP7·TIMP-2]) compared with euhydration. In addition, we determined the diagnostic accuracy and optimal cutoffs of hydration assessments for discriminating positive AKI risk ([IGFBP·TIMP-2] >0.3 (ng/mL)2/1,000). In a block-randomized crossover design, 22 healthy young adults (11 females and 11 males) completed 24 h of fluid deprivation (hypohydrated group) or 24 h of normal fluid consumption (euhydrated group) separated by ≥72 h. Urinary [IGFBP7·TIMP-2] and other AKI biomarkers were measured following the 24-h protocols. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Urinary [IGFBP7·TIMP-2] [1.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.0-2.8) vs. 0.2 (95% confidence interval: 0.1-0.3) (ng/mL)2/1,000, P = 0.0011] was markedly increased in hypohydrated versus euhydrated groups. Urine osmolality (area under the curve: 0.91, P < 0.0001) and urine specific gravity (area under the curve: 0.89, P < 0.0001) had the highest overall performance for discriminating positive AKI risk. Optimal cutoffs with a positive likelihood ratio of 11.8 for both urine osmolality and specific gravity were 952 mosmol/kgH2O and 1.025 arbitrary units. In conclusion, prolonged mild hypohydration increased urinary [IGFBP7·TIMP-2] in males and females. Urinary [IGFBP7·TIMP-2] corrected to urine concentration was elevated in males only. Urine osmolality and urine specific gravity may have clinical utility for discriminating positive AKI risk following prolonged mild hypohydration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study found that prolonged mild hypohydration in healthy young adults increased the Food and Drug Administration approved acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarker urinary insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 [IGFBP7·TIMP-2]. Urine osmolality and specific gravity demonstrated an excellent ability to discriminate positive AKI risk. These findings emphasize the importance of hydration in protecting renal health and lend early support for hydration assessment as an accessible tool to assess AKI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Chapman
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Sadie M Holt
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Cameron T O'Connell
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Shaun C Brazelton
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - William A B Howells
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Hannah N Medved
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Emma L Reed
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Karen Wiedenfeld Needham
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - John R Halliwill
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Christopher T Minson
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
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14
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Lo YTE, Mitchell DM, Buzan JR, Zscheischler J, Schneider R, Mistry MN, Kyselý J, Lavigne É, da Silva SP, Royé D, Urban A, Armstrong B, Gasparrini A, Vicedo‐Cabrera AM. Optimal heat stress metric for modelling heat-related mortality varies from country to country. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2023; 43:5553-5568. [PMID: 37874919 PMCID: PMC10410159 DOI: 10.1002/joc.8160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Combined heat and humidity is frequently described as the main driver of human heat-related mortality, more so than dry-bulb temperature alone. While based on physiological thinking, this assumption has not been robustly supported by epidemiological evidence. By performing the first systematic comparison of eight heat stress metrics (i.e., temperature combined with humidity and other climate variables) with warm-season mortality, in 604 locations over 39 countries, we find that the optimal metric for modelling mortality varies from country to country. Temperature metrics with no or little humidity modification associates best with mortality in ~40% of the studied countries. Apparent temperature (combined temperature, humidity and wind speed) dominates in another 40% of countries. There is no obvious climate grouping in these results. We recommend, where possible, that researchers use the optimal metric for each country. However, dry-bulb temperature performs similarly to humidity-based heat stress metrics in estimating heat-related mortality in present-day climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. T. Eunice Lo
- School of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Cabot Institute for the EnvironmentUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Dann M. Mitchell
- School of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Cabot Institute for the EnvironmentUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jonathan R. Buzan
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics InstituteUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Department of Computational HydrosystemsHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Rochelle Schneider
- Ф‐LabEuropean Space Agency (ESA‐ESRIN)FrascatiItaly
- Department of Public Health, Environments and SocietyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Centre on Climate Change & Planetary HealthLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Forecast DepartmentEuropean Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF)ReadingUK
| | - Malcolm N. Mistry
- Department of Public Health, Environments and SocietyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Department of EconomicsCa' Foscari University of VeniceVeniceItaly
| | - Jan Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Éric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Air Health Science DivisionHeatlh CanadaOttawaCanada
| | | | - Dominic Royé
- Climate Research Foundation (FIC)MadridSpain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)Spain
| | - Aleš Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health, Environments and SocietyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | | | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and SocietyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Centre on Climate Change & Planetary HealthLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Centre for Statistical MethodologyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Ana M. Vicedo‐Cabrera
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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15
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Ostria-Gallardo E, Zúñiga-Contreras E, Carvajal DE, de La Peña TC, Gianoli E, Bascuñán-Godoy L. Two Congeneric Shrubs from the Atacama Desert Show Different Physiological Strategies That Improve Water Use Efficiency under a Simulated Heat Wave. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2464. [PMID: 37447025 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Desert shrubs are keystone species for plant diversity and ecosystem function. Atriplex clivicola and Atriplex deserticola (Amaranthaceae) are native shrubs from the Atacama Desert that show contrasting altitudinal distribution (A. clivicola: 0-700 m.a.s.l.; A. deserticola: 1500-3000 m.a.s.l.). Both species possess a C4 photosynthetic pathway and Kranz anatomy, traits adaptive to high temperatures. Historical records and projections for the near future show trends in increasing air temperature and frequency of heat wave events in these species' habitats. Besides sharing a C4 pathway, it is not clear how their leaf-level physiological traits associated with photosynthesis and water relations respond to heat stress. We studied their physiological traits (gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, water status) before and after a simulated heat wave (HW). Both species enhanced their intrinsic water use efficiency after HW but via different mechanisms. A. clivicola, which has a higher LMA than A. deserticola, enhances water saving by closing stomata and maintaining RWC (%) and leaf Ψmd potential at similar values to those measured before HW. After HW, A. deserticola showed an increase of Amax without concurrent changes in gs and a significant reduction of RWC and Ψmd. A. deserticola showed higher values of Chla fluorescence after HW. Thus, under heat stress, A. clivicola maximizes water saving, whilst A. deserticola enhances its photosynthetic performance. These contrasting (eco)physiological strategies are consistent with the adaptation of each species to their local environmental conditions at different altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ostria-Gallardo
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Center of Advanced Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA), La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Estrella Zúñiga-Contreras
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Center of Advanced Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA), La Serena 1700000, Chile
- Laboratory of Phytorremediation, Center of Advanced Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA), La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Danny E Carvajal
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena 1700000, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia, CR2, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Teodoro Coba de La Peña
- Laboratory of Phytorremediation, Center of Advanced Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA), La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Ernesto Gianoli
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Department of Biology, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
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16
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Chen K, Boomsma J, Holmes HA. A multiscale analysis of heatwaves and urban heat islands in the western U.S. during the summer of 2021. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9570. [PMID: 37311771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme heat events are occurring more frequently and with greater intensity due to climate change. They result in increased heat stress to populations causing human health impacts and heat-related deaths. The urban environment can also exacerbate heat stress because of man-made materials and increased population density. Here we investigate the extreme heatwaves in the western U.S. during the summer of 2021. We show the atmospheric scale interactions and spatiotemporal dynamics that contribute to increased temperatures across the region for both urban and rural environments. In 2021, daytime maximum temperatures during heat events in eight major cities were 10-20 °C higher than the 10-year average maximum temperature. We discuss the temperature impacts associated with processes across scales: climate or long-term change, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, synoptic high-pressure systems, mesoscale ocean/lake breezes, and urban climate (i.e., urban heat islands). Our findings demonstrate the importance of scale interactions impacting extreme heat and the need for holistic approaches in heat mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jacob Boomsma
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heather A Holmes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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17
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Thompson V, Mitchell D, Hegerl GC, Collins M, Leach NJ, Slingo JM. The most at-risk regions in the world for high-impact heatwaves. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2152. [PMID: 37185667 PMCID: PMC10130074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heatwaves are becoming more frequent under climate change and can lead to thousands of excess deaths. Adaptation to extreme weather events often occurs in response to an event, with communities learning fast following unexpectedly impactful events. Using extreme value statistics, here we show where regional temperature records are statistically likely to be exceeded, and therefore communities might be more at-risk. In 31% of regions examined, the observed daily maximum temperature record is exceptional. Climate models suggest that similar behaviour can occur in any region. In some regions, such as Afghanistan and parts of Central America, this is a particular problem - not only have they the potential for far more extreme heatwaves than experienced, but their population is growing and increasingly exposed because of limited healthcare and energy resources. We urge policy makers in vulnerable regions to consider if heat action plans are sufficient for what might come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikki Thompson
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Dann Mitchell
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Matthew Collins
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicholas J Leach
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Climate X, 1st Floor, 21 Great Winchester Street, London, UK
| | - Julia M Slingo
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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18
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Zhang X, Zhou T, Zhang W, Ren L, Jiang J, Hu S, Zuo M, Zhang L, Man W. Increased impact of heat domes on 2021-like heat extremes in North America under global warming. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1690. [PMID: 36973258 PMCID: PMC10042826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During summer 2021, Western North America (WNA) experienced an unprecedented heatwave with record-breaking high temperatures associated with a strong anomalous high-pressure system, i.e., a heat dome. Here, we use a flow analog method and find that the heat dome over the WNA can explain half of the magnitude of the anomalous temperature. The intensities of hot extremes associated with similar heat dome-like atmospheric circulations increase faster than background global warming in both historical change and future projection. Such relationship between hot extremes and mean temperature can be partly explained by soil moisture-atmosphere feedback. The probability of 2021-like heat extremes is projected to increase due to the background warming, the enhanced soil moisture-atmosphere feedback and the weak but still significantly increased probability of the heat dome-like circulation. The population exposure to such heat extremes will also increase. Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C instead of 2 °C (3 °C) would lead to an avoided impact of 53% (89%) of the increase in population exposure to 2021-like heat extremes under the RCP8.5-SSP5 scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liwen Ren
- China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Meng Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenmin Man
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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19
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Ratter-Rieck JM, Roden M, Herder C. Diabetes and climate change: current evidence and implications for people with diabetes, clinicians and policy stakeholders. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1003-1015. [PMID: 36964771 PMCID: PMC10039694 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will be a major challenge for the world's health systems in the coming decades. Elevated temperatures and increasing frequencies of heat waves, wildfires, heavy precipitation and other weather extremes can affect health in many ways, especially if chronic diseases are already present. Impaired responses to heat stress, including compromised vasodilation and sweating, diabetes-related comorbidities, insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation make people with diabetes particularly vulnerable to environmental risk factors, such as extreme weather events and air pollution. Additionally, multiple pathogens show an increased rate of transmission under conditions of climate change and people with diabetes have an altered immune system, which increases the risk for a worse course of infectious diseases. In this review, we summarise recent studies on the impact of climate-change-associated risk for people with diabetes and discuss which individuals may be specifically prone to these risk conditions due to their clinical features. Knowledge of such high-risk groups will help to develop and implement tailored prevention and management strategies to mitigate the detrimental effect of climate change on the health of people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Ratter-Rieck
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Weygint WA, Eitel JUH, Maguire AJ, Vierling LA, Johnson DM, Campbell CS, Griffin KL. Leaf temperatures and environmental conditions predict daily stem radial variations in a temperate coniferous forest. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William A. Weygint
- McCall Field Campus University of Idaho McCall Idaho USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA
| | - Jan U. H. Eitel
- McCall Field Campus University of Idaho McCall Idaho USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA
| | - Andrew J. Maguire
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
- Conservation Science Partners, Inc. Truckee California USA
| | - Lee A. Vierling
- Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA
| | - Daniel M. Johnson
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | | | - Kevin L. Griffin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York New York USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University Palisades New York USA
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades New York USA
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21
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White RH, Anderson S, Booth JF, Braich G, Draeger C, Fei C, Harley CDG, Henderson SB, Jakob M, Lau CA, Mareshet Admasu L, Narinesingh V, Rodell C, Roocroft E, Weinberger KR, West G. The unprecedented Pacific Northwest heatwave of June 2021. Nat Commun 2023; 14:727. [PMID: 36759624 PMCID: PMC9910268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In late June 2021 a heatwave of unprecedented magnitude impacted the Pacific Northwest region of Canada and the United States. Many locations broke all-time maximum temperature records by more than 5 °C, and the Canadian national temperature record was broken by 4.6 °C, with a new record temperature of 49.6 °C. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of this event and its impacts. Upstream diabatic heating played a key role in the magnitude of this anomaly. Weather forecasts provided advanced notice of the event, while sub-seasonal forecasts showed an increased likelihood of a heat extreme with lead times of 10-20 days. The impacts of this event were catastrophic, including hundreds of attributable deaths across the Pacific Northwest, mass-mortalities of marine life, reduced crop and fruit yields, river flooding from rapid snow and glacier melt, and a substantial increase in wildfires-the latter contributing to landslides in the months following. These impacts provide examples we can learn from and a vivid depiction of how climate change can be so devastating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. White
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Sam Anderson
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - James F. Booth
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Earth and Atmospheric Science, City College of New York, New York, NY US ,grid.212340.60000000122985718The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY US
| | - Ginni Braich
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Christina Draeger
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Cuiyi Fei
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Christopher D. G. Harley
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Sarah B. Henderson
- grid.418246.d0000 0001 0352 641XEnvironmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC), Vancouver, BC Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Matthias Jakob
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada ,BCG Engineering Inc, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | | | - Lualawi Mareshet Admasu
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Veeshan Narinesingh
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Program in Atmosphere and Ocean Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ US
| | - Christopher Rodell
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Eliott Roocroft
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Kate R. Weinberger
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Greg West
- grid.450417.30000 0004 0406 583XBC Hydro, Vancouver, BC Canada
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22
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Still CJ, Sibley A, DePinte D, Busby PE, Harrington CA, Schulze M, Shaw DR, Woodruff D, Rupp DE, Daly C, Hammond WM, Page GFM. Causes of widespread foliar damage from the June 2021 Pacific Northwest Heat Dome: more heat than drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:203-209. [PMID: 36611006 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - A Sibley
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D DePinte
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State & Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Redmond, OR 97756, USA
| | - P E Busby
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - C A Harrington
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512, USA
| | - M Schulze
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D R Shaw
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D Woodruff
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D E Rupp
- Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - C Daly
- PRISM Climate Group, Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - W M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G F M Page
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia 6983, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
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23
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Ni W, Wolf K, Breitner S, Zhang S, Nikolaou N, Ward-Caviness CK, Waldenberger M, Gieger C, Peters A, Schneider A. Higher Daily Air Temperature Is Associated with Shorter Leukocyte Telomere Length: KORA F3 and KORA F4. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17815-17824. [PMID: 36442845 PMCID: PMC9775210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Higher air temperature is associated with increased age-related morbidity and mortality. To date, short-term effects of air temperature on leukocyte telomere length have not been investigated in an adult population. We aimed to examine the short-term associations between air temperature and leukocyte telomere length in an adult population-based setting, including two independent cohorts. This population-based study involved 5864 participants from the KORA F3 (2004-2005) and F4 (2006-2008) cohort studies conducted in Augsburg, Germany. Leukocyte telomere length was assessed by a quantitative PCR-based method. We estimated air temperature at each participant's residential address through a highly resolved spatiotemporal model. We conducted cohort-specific generalized additive models to explore the short-term effects of air temperature on leukocyte telomere length at lags 0-1, 2-6, 0-6, and 0-13 days separately and pooled the estimates by fixed-effects meta-analysis. Our study found that between individuals, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in daily air temperature was associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length at lags 0-1, 2-6, 0-6, and 0-13 days (%change: -2.96 [-4.46; -1.43], -2.79 [-4.49; -1.07], -4.18 [-6.08; -2.25], and -6.69 [-9.04; -4.27], respectively). This meta-analysis of two cohort studies showed that between individuals, higher daily air temperature was associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Ni
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German
Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße
1, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
- Institute
for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German
Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße
1, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German
Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße
1, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
- Institute
for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German
Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße
1, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Nikolaou
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German
Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße
1, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
- Institute
for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Cavin K. Ward-Caviness
- Center
for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German
Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße
1, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
- Research
Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
- Partner
Site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German
Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German
Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße
1, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
- Research
Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German
Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße
1, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
- Institute
for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Partner
Site Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (German
Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 80802 Munich, Germany
- German
Center
for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, D-85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German
Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße
1, Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
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24
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Hu M, Zhang K, Nguyen QC, Tasdizen T, Krusche KU. A Multistate Study on Housing Factors Influential to Heat-Related Illness in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15762. [PMID: 36497839 PMCID: PMC9741268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of devastating and unpredictable extreme heat events, developments to the built environment should consider instigating practices that minimize the likelihood of indoor overheating during hot weather. Heatwaves are the leading cause of death among weather-related causes worldwide, including in developed and developing countries. In this empirical study, a four-step approach was used to collect, extract and analyze data from twenty-seven states in the United States. Three housing characteristic categories (i.e., general housing conditions, living conditions, and housing thermal inertia) and eight variables were extracted from the American Housing Survey database, ResStock database and CDC's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Multivariable regression models were used to understand the influential variables, a multicollinearity test was used to determine the dependence of those variables, and then a logistic model was used to verify the results. Three variables-housing age (HA), housing crowding ratio (HCR), and roof condition (RC)-were found to be correlated with the risk of heat-related illness (HRI) indexes. Then, a logistic regression model was generated using the three variables to predict the risk of heat-related emergency department visits (EDV) and heat-related mortality (MORD) on a state level. The results indicate that the proposed logistic regression model correctly predicted 100% of the high-risk states for MORD for the eight states tested. Overall, this analysis provides additional evidence about the housing character variables that influence HRI. The outcomes also reinforce the concept of the built environment determined health and demonstrate that the built environment, especially housing, should be considered in techniques for mitigating climate change-exacerbated health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- School of Architecture, Planning, Preservation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Quynh Camthi Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College Park School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tolga Tasdizen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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