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Lyngsie G, Herzog SD, Hansen HCB, Persson P. Reactions between ferric oxyhydroxide mineral coatings and a dimethoxyhydroquinone: A source of hydroxyl radicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175065. [PMID: 39067593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Quinones are organic molecules that facilitate electron-transfer reactions in terrestrial environments. The reduced forms, hydroquinones, are powerful reductants that can trigger non-enzymatic radical-based decomposition of organic matter and contaminants by simultaneous reduction of iron and oxygen. Iron oxides often occur as coatings on other minerals, thus our study investigated the reactions between the ferric oxyhydroxide (FeO(OH)) surface coatings on gibbsite (Al(OH)3) and 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-hydroquinone (2,6-DMHQ). The main aim was to investigate the oxidation of 2,6-DMHQ and the generation ∙OH in the presence of O2 at low Fe concentrations in a novel setup that allows local structural characterization. The heterogeneous redox reactions between 2,6-DMHQ and the FeO(OH) coatings were studied at pH 5.0 as a function of the amount of Fe present on the gibbsite surfaces, including the effect of aging of the FeO(OH) coatings. The results showed that reactions between 2,6-DMHQ and FeO(OH) coated gibbsite under ambient conditions can generate substantial amounts of ·OH, comparable with amounts generated on pure ferrihydrite surfaces. The ·OH is the product of two sequential reactions: hydroquinone oxidation by O2 and degradation of the formed H2O2. The calculated rate constant of the former reaction is the same regardless of amount of FeO(OH) coating suggesting a surface catalytic process where 2,6-DMHQ is oxidized by O2 resulting in formation of H2O2. Subsequently, the observed induction period, the low Fe2+ (aq) concentrations in solution and the dependency of FeO(OH) coating amount influencing ·OH formation suggest that the pathway for ∙OH is through H2O2 decomposition by the surface sites on the FeO(OH) coating. Overall, this study shows that co-existence of oxygen, FeO(OH) and organic reductants, possibly secreted by soil microorganisms, creates favorable conditions for generation of ·OH contributing to decomposition of organic matter and organic pollutants in soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Lyngsie
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Simon D Herzog
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Per Persson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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2
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Chen Y, Dong L, Sui W, Niu M, Cui X, Hinrichs KU, Wang F. Cycling and persistence of iron-bound organic carbon in subseafloor sediments. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6370. [PMID: 39075044 PMCID: PMC11286938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive iron (FeR) serves as an important sink of organic carbon (OC) in marine surface sediments, which preserves approximately 20% of total OC (TOC) as reactive iron-bound OC (FeR-OC). However, the fate of FeR-OC in subseafloor sediments and its availability to microorganisms, remain undetermined. Here, we reconstructed continuous FeR-OC records in two sediment cores of the northern South China Sea encompassing the suboxic to methanic biogeochemical zones and reaching a maximum age of ~100 kyr. The downcore FeR-OC contributes a relatively stable proportion of 13.3 ± 3.2% to TOC. However, distinctly lower values of less than 5% of TOC, accompanied by notable 13C depletion of FeR-OC, are observed in the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ). FeR-OC is suggested to be remobilized by microbially mediated reductive dissolution of FeR and subsequently remineralized, the flux of which is 18-30% of the methane consumption in the SMTZ. The global reservoir of FeR-OC in microbially active Quaternary marine sediments could be 19-46 times the size of the atmospheric carbon pool. Thus, the FeR-OC pool may support subseafloor microorganisms and contribute to regulating Earth's carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Liang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Ministry of Education, and School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weikang Sui
- Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Ministry of Education, and School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingyang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xingqian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Ministry of Education, and School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fengping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Ministry of Education, and School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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3
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Klimova A, Gutíerrez‐Rivera J, Ortega‐Rubio A, Eguiarte LE. Population genomics and distribution modeling revealed the history and suggested a possible future of the endemic Agave aurea (Asparagaceae) complex in the Baja California Peninsula. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70027. [PMID: 39050658 PMCID: PMC11267983 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Agaves are an outstanding arid-adapted group of species that provide a unique chance to study the influence of multiple potential factors (i.e., geological and ecological) on plant population structure and diversification in the heterogeneous environment of the Baja California Peninsula. However, relatively little is known about the phylogeography of the endemic agave species of this region. Herein, we used over 10,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and spatial data from the Agave aurea species complex (i.e., A. aurea ssp. aurea, A. aurea ssp. promontorii, and A. aurea var. capensis) to resolve genetic relationships within this complex and uncover fine-scale population structure, diversity patterns, and their potential underlying drivers. Analyses resolved low genetic structure within this complex, suggesting that A. aurea is more likely to represent several closely related populations than separate species or varieties/subspecies. We found that geographical and historical ecological characteristics-including precipitation, latitude, and past climatic fluctuations-have played an important role in the spatial distribution of diversity and structure in A. aurea. Finally, species distribution modeling results suggested that climate change will become critical in the extinction risk of A. aurea, with the northernmost population being particularly vulnerable. The low population genetic structure found in A. aurea is consistent with agave's life history, and it is probably related to continuity of distribution, relatively low habitat fragmentation, and dispersion by pollinators. Together, these findings have important implications for management and conservation programs in agave, such as creating and evaluating protected areas and translocating and augmentation of particular populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Klimova
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C.La PazMexico
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | | | | | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
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4
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Suárez-Molina D, Cuevas E, Alonso-Pérez S, Cana L, Montero G, Oliver A. Dust events characterization from visibility, trends and Dust Adversity Index in the Canary Islands for the period 1980-2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31262. [PMID: 38818210 PMCID: PMC11137399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dust events in the Canary Islands have been documented since the late 19th century. However, during the past few years, several severe dust episodes have occurred in the Canary Islands, resulting in significant impacts on various sectors, such as aviation, air quality, and health, among others. These recent severe events have drawn the attention of both scientists and the general population, raising questions about whether these episodes are now more frequent and more severe. This study analyzes 483 dust events recorded in the Canary Islands over the last 40 years. Data analysis reveals that the average number of dust event days per year is approximately 24 days, and these events have an average duration of 1.8 days, both of which show a statistically significant decreasing trend over the series. Seasonal examination indicates that events occurring in the first and fourth quarters of the year have twice the duration of those in the other quarters. Furthermore, on an annual basis, events in the first quarter exhibit negative trends in both average and minimum visibilities. This suggests that dust events in the Canary Islands are becoming shorter in duration but more intense in terms of visibility. In this article, the Dust Adversity Index (DAI) is introduced to objectively compare the severity of events. Finally, anomalies in geopotential have been utilized to determine the prevailing synoptic patterns during dust events. It is evident that the dominant synoptic pattern during the first and fourth quarters of the year consists of a low cut-off system located to the west of the Canary Islands and a high-pressure system to the north of the Iberian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Suárez-Molina
- Territorial Delegation of AEMET in the Canary Islands, State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Las Palmas, 35017, Spain
| | - E. Cuevas
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38001, Spain
| | - S. Alonso-Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avenida San Francisco de Paula, s/n, 38200, La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios de las Mujeres. Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain
| | - L. Cana
- Unidad Océano y Clima, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - G. Montero
- University Institute for Intelligent Systems and Numerical Applications in Engineering (SIANI), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A. Oliver
- University Institute for Intelligent Systems and Numerical Applications in Engineering (SIANI), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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5
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Liu X, Yu W. A quantitative study on the terrestrial input to the tropical Northeast Atlantic. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 197:106471. [PMID: 38574496 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Eolian dust and riverine discharge are identified as two key components of terrestrial input to the oceans. They supply micronutrients to the oceans and modify marine carbon biogeochemistry and global climate through dust-land-ocean interactions. However, it is challenging to accurately constrain regional terrestrial inputs in the past, with currently available models and geochemical proxies. The present study utilizes sedimentary wtCaCO3% records to estimate lithogenic fluxes. The depth-dependance of CaCO3 preservation in the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sediments in two major basins of the tropical Northeast Atlantic Ocean is described using a carbonate dissolution model. Results show that during the LGM, reduced dust deposition and slight drops of fluvial input are found in the Canary Basin and Cape Verde margins, respectively. To supplement, carbonate deposition during the LGM indicates that the deep subtropical Northeast Atlantic is seized by more sluggish deep waters relative to today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Catastrophe Simulation and Systemic Risk Governance, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China; School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Catastrophe Simulation and Systemic Risk Governance, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China; School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
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6
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Weis J, Chase Z, Schallenberg C, Strutton PG, Bowie AR, Fiddes SL. One-third of Southern Ocean productivity is supported by dust deposition. Nature 2024; 629:603-608. [PMID: 38750234 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Natural iron fertilization of the Southern Ocean by windblown dust has been suggested to enhance biological productivity and modulate the climate1-3. Yet, this process has never been quantified across the Southern Ocean and at annual timescales4,5. Here we combined 11 years of nitrate observations from autonomous biogeochemical ocean profiling floats with a Southern Hemisphere dust simulation to empirically derive the relationship between dust-iron deposition and annual net community production (ANCP) in the iron-limited Southern Ocean. Using this relationship, we determined the biological response to dust-iron in the pelagic perennially ice-free Southern Ocean at present and during the last glacial maximum (LGM). We estimate that dust-iron now supports 33% ± 15% of Southern Ocean ANCP. During the LGM, when dust deposition was 5-40-fold higher than today, the contribution of dust to Southern Ocean ANCP was much greater, estimated at 64% ± 13%. We provide quantitative evidence of basin-wide dust-iron fertilization of the Southern Ocean and the potential magnitude of its impact on glacial-interglacial timescales, supporting the idea of the important role of dust in the global carbon cycle and climate6-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weis
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes (CLEX), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Zanna Chase
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science (ACEAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christina Schallenberg
- Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (AAPP), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Environment, CSIRO, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Peter G Strutton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes (CLEX), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science (ACEAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew R Bowie
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (AAPP), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sonya L Fiddes
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes (CLEX), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (AAPP), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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7
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St Louis VL, St Pierre KA, Emmerton CA, Serbu JA, Talbot CH, Szostek L, Lehnherr I, Muir DCG, Criscitiello A. Winter Dust Storms Impact the Physical and Biogeochemical Functioning of a Large High Arctic Lake. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7415-7424. [PMID: 38578215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
We found that a winter of abnormally low snowfall and numerous dust storms from eolian processes acting on exposed landscapes (including a major 4-day dust storm while onsite in May 2014) caused a cascade of impacts on the physical, chemical, and ecological functioning of the largest lake by volume in the High Arctic (Lake Hazen; Nunavut, Canada). MODIS imagery revealed that dust deposited in snowpacks on the lake's ice acted as light-absorbing impurities (LAIs), reducing surface reflectance and increasing surface temperatures relative to normal snowpack years, causing early snowmelt and drainage of meltwaters into the lake. LAIs remaining on the ice surface melted into the ice, causing premature candling and one of the earliest ice-offs and longest ice-free seasons on record for Lake Hazen. Meltwater inputs from snowpacks resulted in dilution of dissolved, and increased concentration of particulate bound, chemical species in Lake Hazen's upper water column. Spring inputs of nutrients increased both heterotrophy and algal productivity under the surface ice following snowmelt, with a net consumption of dissolved oxygen. As climate change continues to alter High Arctic temperatures and precipitation patterns, we can expect further changes in dust storm frequency and severity with corresponding impacts for freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L St Louis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Kyra A St Pierre
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Craig A Emmerton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Jessica A Serbu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Charles H Talbot
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Lisa Szostek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Igor Lehnherr
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto-Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Alison Criscitiello
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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8
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Panda PP, Shukla G, Kumar A, Aswini MA, Kaushik A, Nayak G, Matta VM. Atmospheric deposition of mineral dust and associated nutrients over the Equatorial Indian Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169779. [PMID: 38181947 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Aerosols are potential supplier of nutrients to the surface water of oceans and can impact biogeochemical processes particularly in the remote locations. The nutrient data from atmospheric supply is poorly reported from the Indian Ocean region. In this study, we present atmospheric nutrients such as reactive nitrogen species (Nitrate, Ammonium, Organic nitrogen), micro-nutrients (e.g. Fe, Mn and Cu) concentration along with mineral dust in the aerosol samples collected over meridional transect during summer (April-May 2018) and monsoon (June-July 2019) months. A significant spatial variation of dust was observed during summer (0.6-22.8 μg m-3) and monsoon (2.8-25.1 μg m-3) months with a decreasing trend from north to south. Dust as well as other nutrient species shows a general north to south decreasing trend, however, no such trend was seen in the soluble trace elements (TEs) concentration. Anthropogenic species like NH4+ and nss-K+ were found below detection limit during monsoon campaign. The fractional solubility (in percentage) of Fe, Mn and Cu were estimated by measuring their concentration in ultrapure water leach which averaged around 0.99 ± 1.12, 31.0 ± 14.9 and 31.1 ± 25.4, respectively during summer and 0.09 ± 0.08, 6.0 ± 8.9, 16.7 ± 9.6, respectively, during monsoon period. Correlation of soluble Fe with total Fe and total acidic species suggest varying dust sources is an important controlling factor for the fraction solubility of Fe with negligible contribution from the chemical processing. However, a significant correlation was observed between total acid and fractional solubility of Mn and Cu suggest role of chemical processing in enhancement of their solubility. Dry deposition flux of aeolian dust was estimated for both campaign using Al concentration and relatively higher fluxes were observed for summer (12.6 ± 8.4 mg·m-2·d-1) and monsoon (8.7 ± 8.4 mg·m-2·d-1) months as compared to model based estimates reported in the literature. Contrastingly, estimated deposition flux of soluble Fe from both campaign displays relatively lower values as compared to model based results which underscores a need for re-evaluation of biogeochemical models with real-time data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema Piyusha Panda
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India; The School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa 403206, India
| | - Garima Shukla
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India; The School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa 403206, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - M A Aswini
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India; Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankush Kaushik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
| | - Gourav Nayak
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
| | - Vishnu Murthy Matta
- The School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa 403206, India
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9
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Zhang T, Liu J, Xiang Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Ying Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Chai F, Zheng M. Quantifying anthropogenic emission of iron in marine aerosol in the Northwest Pacific with shipborne online measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169158. [PMID: 38092217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions are recognized as significant contributors to atmospheric soluble iron (Fe) in recent years, which may affect marine primary productivity, especially in Fe-limited areas. However, the contribution of different emission sources to Fe in marine aerosol has been primarily estimated by modeling approaches. Quantifying anthropogenic Fe based on field measurements remains a great challenge. In this study, online multi-element measurements and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) were combined for the first time to quantify sources of atmospheric Fe and soluble Fe in the Northwest Pacific during a cruise in spring 2015. Fe concentration in 624 atmospheric PM2.5 samples measured online was 74.58 ± 90.87 ng/m3. The PMF results showed anthropogenic activities, including industrial coal combustion, biomass burning, and maritime transport, were important in this region, contributing 31.4 % of atmospheric Fe on average. In addition, anthropogenic Fe concentration resolved by PMF was comparable to the simulation results of the CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) and GEOS-Chem (Goddard Earth Observing System-Chemical transport) models, with better correlation to CMAQ (r = 0.76) than GEOS-Chem (r = 0.26). This study developed a new method to estimate atmospheric soluble Fe, which integrates Fe source apportionment results and Fe solubility from different sources. Soluble Fe concentration was estimated as 3.93 ± 5.14 ng/m3, of which 87.0 % was attributed to anthropogenic emissions. Notably, ship emission alone contributed 27.5 % of soluble Fe, though its contribution to total Fe was only 2.2 %. Finally, the total deposition fluxes of atmospheric Fe (37.11 ± 38.43 μg/m2/day) and soluble Fe (1.85 ± 2.13 μg/m2/day) were estimated. This study developed a new methodology for quantifying contribution of anthropogenic emissions to Fe in marine aerosol, which could greatly help the assessment of impacts of human activities on marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- SKL-ESPC and SEPKL-AERM, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- SKL-ESPC and SEPKL-AERM, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaxin Xiang
- SKL-ESPC and SEPKL-AERM, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- SKL-ESPC and SEPKL-AERM, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zachary Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachary Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuangling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Fei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- SKL-ESPC and SEPKL-AERM, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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10
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Jin H, Zhang C, Meng S, Wang Q, Ding X, Meng L, Zhuang Y, Yao X, Gao Y, Shi F, Mock T, Gao H. Atmospheric deposition and river runoff stimulate the utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus in coastal seas. Nat Commun 2024; 15:658. [PMID: 38291022 PMCID: PMC10828365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In coastal seas, the role of atmospheric deposition and river runoff in dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) utilization is not well understood. Here, we address this knowledge gap by combining microcosm experiments with a global approach considering the relationship between the activity of alkaline phosphatases and changes in phytoplankton biomass in relation to the concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). Our results suggest that the addition of aerosols and riverine water stimulate the biological utilization of DOP in coastal seas primarily by depleting DIP due to increasing nitrogen concentrations, which enhances phytoplankton growth. This "Anthropogenic Nitrogen Pump" was therefore identified to make DOP an important source of phosphorus for phytoplankton in coastal seas but only when the ratio of chlorophyll a to DIP [Log10 (Chl a / DIP)] is larger than 1.20. Our study therefore suggests that anthropogenic nitrogen input might contribute to the phosphorus cycle in coastal seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Jin
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Chao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Siyu Meng
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaokun Ding
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Ling Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunyun Zhuang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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11
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Talling PJ, Hage S, Baker ML, Bianchi TS, Hilton RG, Maier KL. The Global Turbidity Current Pump and Its Implications for Organic Carbon Cycling. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2024; 16:105-133. [PMID: 37487592 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032223-103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Submarine turbidity currents form the largest sediment accumulations on Earth, raising the question of their role in global carbon cycles. It was previously inferred that terrestrial organic carbon was primarily incinerated on shelves and that most turbidity current systems are presently inactive. Turbidity currents were thus not considered in global carbon cycles, and the burial efficiency of global terrestrial organic carbon was considered low to moderate (∼10-44%). However, recent work has shown that burial of terrestrial organic carbon by turbidity currents is highly efficient (>60-100%) in a range of settings and that flows occur more frequently than once thought, although they were far more active at sea-level lowstands. This leads to revised global estimates for mass flux (∼62-90 Mt C/year) and burial efficiency (∼31-45%) of terrestrial organic carbon in marine sediments. Greatly increased burial fluxes during sea-level lowstands are also likely underestimated; thus, organic carbon cycling by turbidity currents could play a role in long-term changes in atmospheric CO2 and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Talling
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; ,
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Hage
- Geo-Ocean, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, IFREMER, CNRS UMR 6538, Plouzané, France;
| | - Megan L Baker
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Thomas S Bianchi
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Robert G Hilton
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
| | - Katherine L Maier
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand;
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12
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Koedooder C, Zhang F, Wang S, Basu S, Haley ST, Tolic N, Nicora CD, Glavina del Rio T, Dyhrman ST, Gledhill M, Boiteau RM, Rubin-Blum M, Shaked Y. Taxonomic distribution of metabolic functions in bacteria associated with Trichodesmium consortia. mSystems 2023; 8:e0074223. [PMID: 37916816 PMCID: PMC10734445 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00742-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Colonies of the cyanobacteria Trichodesmium act as a biological hotspot for the usage and recycling of key resources such as C, N, P, and Fe within an otherwise oligotrophic environment. While Trichodesmium colonies are known to interact and support a unique community of algae and particle-associated microbes, our understanding of the taxa that populate these colonies and the gene functions they encode is still limited. Characterizing the taxa and adaptive strategies that influence consortium physiology and its concomitant biogeochemistry is critical in a future ocean predicted to have increasingly resource-depleted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coco Koedooder
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Futing Zhang
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
| | - Siyuan Wang
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
| | - Subhajit Basu
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
- Microsensor Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sheean T. Haley
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Nikola Tolic
- Earth and Biological Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Earth and Biological Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Tijana Glavina del Rio
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sonya T. Dyhrman
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - Rene M. Boiteau
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Yeala Shaked
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
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13
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Chung HY, Jung J, Yang K, Kim J, Kim K. Frozen Clay Minerals as a Potential Source of Bioavailable Iron and Magnetite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19805-19816. [PMID: 37934905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient that affects biological production. Iron-containing clay minerals are an important source of bioavailable iron. However, the dissolution of iron-containing clay minerals at temperatures below the freezing point has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate the enhanced reductive dissolution of iron from a clay mineral in ice in the presence of iodide (I-) as the electron donor. The accelerated production of dissolved iron in the frozen state was irreversible, and the freeze concentration effect was considered the main driving force. Furthermore, the formation of magnetite (Fe3O4) after the freezing process was observed using transmission electron microscopy analysis. Our results suggest a new mechanism of accelerated abiotic reduction of Fe(III) in clay minerals, which may release bioavailable iron, Fe(II), and reactive iodine species into the natural environment. We also propose a novel process for magnetite formation in ice. The freezing process can serve as a source of bioavailable iron or act as a sink, leading to the formation of magnetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Chung
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Jung
- Ocean Georesources Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
| | - Kiho Yang
- Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Korea
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14
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Chen L, Di P, Feng J, Chen D, Li N, Li Y. Impact of dust deposition on the growth of marine autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms: Evidence from the South China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115749. [PMID: 37924735 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeolian dust can provide nutrients for the ocean and affect the growth of phytoplankton. However, the impacts of dust deposition on autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms have rarely been studied. In this study, we conducted two microcosm experiments in the low-nutrient and low-chlorophyll environment of the South China Sea and found that dust did not stimulate the abundance of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms. Our results show that dust contains most of the unreacted iron-bearing minerals, and thus provides limited bioavailable iron and nitrogen for bacterioplankton and phytoplankton growth. These results elucidate the overlooked impacts of the properties of the iron-bearing minerals in aeolian dust on microbial communities, which may play an important role in marine ecosystems and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linying Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Pengfei Di
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Junxi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Duofu Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Niu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Yazi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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15
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Huang X, Liu X, Chen L, Wang Y, Chen H. Iron-bound organic carbon dynamics in peatland profiles: The preservation equivalence of deep and surface soil. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:852-860. [PMID: 38932997 PMCID: PMC11197498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of the carbon pools in peatlands are stored in the soil layers below 30 cm, yet little is known about the carbon stabilizing factors at these depths. Although iron oxide minerals are considered to be important for stabilizing organic carbon (OC), their role in the preservation of OC in peatlands, especially in the deep layers, is poorly understood. Here, we collected 1 m soil profiles from six peatlands in Central and West China to quantitatively study the vertical distribution characteristics of iron-bound OC (Fe-bound OC), and the influencing physicochemical properties of the soil. The results showed that the content of reactive iron (FeR) was enriched in the top layer and decreased gradually with depth. While Fe-bound OC was positively correlated with FeR, its concentration did not decrease with depth in the peat profile. There were no obvious trends in the distributions of FeR and Fe-bound OC with water level fluctuations in the peat profile. In addition, the proportion of Fe-bound OC to soil organic carbon in the deep peat (31 to 100 cm) was equivalent to that in the surface peat (0 to 30 cm), indicating that iron oxide mineral provides comparable protection of OC in both layers. According to upper estimates of global peatland carbon storage (612 Pg), it could be predicted that 23.81 ± 11.75 Pg of OC is protected by association with FeR. These results indicated that iron oxide minerals are the effective "rusty sink" of OC sequestration in peatland, and a key factor for its long-term preservation. The results from this study make a valuable contribution to the carbon dynamics knowledgebase for peatlands, and provide a basis for improved predictive simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Liangshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
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16
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Meng Q, Yan C, Li R, Zhang T, Zheng M, Liu Y, Zhang M, Wang G, Du Y, Shang C, Fu P. Variations of PM 2.5-bound elements and their associated effects during long-distance transport of dust storms: Insights from multi-sites observations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 889:164062. [PMID: 37207767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dust storms are a significant concern because of their adverse effects on ambient air quality and human health. To investigate the evolution of dust storms during long-distance transport and its impacts on air quality and human health risks in cities along the transport pathway, we monitored the major fraction of dust (i.e., particle-bound elements) online in four cities in northern China during March 2021. Three dust events originating from the Gobi Desert of North China and Mongolia and the Taklimakan Desert of Northwest China were captured. We investigated the source regions of dust storms using daily multi-sensor absorbing aerosol index products, backward trajectories, and specific element ratios, identified and quantified sources of particle-bound elements using Positive Matrix Factorization model, and calculated the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of elements using a health risk assessment model. Our results indicated that under the influence of dust storms, mass concentrations of crustal elements increased up to dozens of times in cities near the dust source and up to ten times in cities farther from the source. In contrast, anthropogenic elements increased less or even decreased, depending on the relative contributions of the increase caused by accumulation of dust itself and entrainment along the transport path and the decrease caused by dilution of high wind speeds. Si/Fe ratio was found to be a valuable indicator for characterizing the attenuation of the amount of dust along its transport pathways, especially for the case originated from northern source regions. This study highlights the significant role of source regions, intensity and attenuation rates of dust storms, and wind speeds in determining the increased levels of element concentrations during dust storms and its associated impacts on downwind areas. Furthermore, non-carcinogenic risks of particle-bound elements increased at all sites during dust events, emphasizing the importance of personal exposure protection during dust storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpeng Meng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Ruiyu Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tianle Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Eco-Environment Monitoring, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Eco-Environment Monitoring, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yuming Du
- Wuhai Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Inner Mongolia 01600, China
| | - Chunlin Shang
- Wuhai Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Inner Mongolia 01600, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Sailhero Environmental Protection High-tech Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
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17
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Di Biagio C, Doussin JF, Cazaunau M, Pangui E, Cuesta J, Sellitto P, Ródenas M, Formenti P. Infrared optical signature reveals the source-dependency and along-transport evolution of dust mineralogy as shown by laboratory study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13252. [PMID: 37582963 PMCID: PMC10427689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing knowledge of the mineralogical composition of dust is key for understanding and predicting its climate and environmental impacts. The variability of dust mineralogy from one source to another and its evolution during atmospheric transport is not measured at large scale. In this study we use laboratory measurements to demonstrate that the extinction signature of suspended dust aerosols in the 740 - 1250 cm-1 atmospheric window can be used to derive dust mineralogy in terms of the main infrared - active minerals, namely quartz, clays, feldspars and calcite. Various spectral signatures in dust extinction enable to distinguish between multiple global sources with changing composition, whereas modifications of the dust extinction spectra with time inform on size - dependent particles mineralogy changes during transport. The present study confirms that spectral and hyperspectral infrared remote sensing observations offer great potential for elucidating the size - segregated mineralogy of airborne dust at regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Biagio
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-François Doussin
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Juan Cuesta
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Pasquale Sellitto
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservartorio Etneo, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Paola Formenti
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013, Paris, France
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18
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Tang M, Jia X, Chen L, Gu W, Huang C, Wang F, Luo L, Wang H, Wang X, Peng C. Heterogeneous reaction of NO 2 with feldspar, three clay minerals and Arizona Test Dust. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 130:65-74. [PMID: 37032043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 with mineral dust aerosol may play important roles in troposphere chemistry, and has been investigated by a number of laboratory studies. However, the influence of mineralogy on this reaction has not been well understood, and its impact on aerosol hygroscopicity is not yet clear. This work investigated heterogeneous reactions of NO2 (∼10 ppmv) with K-feldspar, illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite and Arizona Test Dust (ATD) at room temperature as a function of relative humidity (<1% to 80%) and reaction time (up to 24 hr). Heterogeneous reactivity towards NO2 was low for illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite and ATD, and uptake coefficients of NO2, γ(NO2), were determined to be around or smaller than 1×10-8; K-feldspar exhibited higher reactivity towards NO2, and CaCO3 is most reactive among the nine mineral dust samples considered in this and previous work. After heterogeneous reaction with NO2 for 24 hr, increase in hygroscopicity was nearly insignificant for illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite, and small but significant for K-feldspar; in addition, large increase in hygroscopicity was observed for ATD, although the increase in hygroscopicity was still smaller than CaCO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lanxiadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenjun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chengpeng Huang
- Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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19
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Nishita‐Hara C, Kobayashi H, Hara K, Hayashi M. Dithiothreitol-Measured Oxidative Potential of Reference Materials of Mineral Dust: Implications for the Toxicity of Mineral Dust Aerosols in the Atmosphere. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000736. [PMID: 37426691 PMCID: PMC10326488 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a mechanism that might raise the toxicity of mineral dust aerosols. We evaluated the oxidative potential (OP) of four reference materials (RMs) of mineral dusts using dithiothreitol assay. The OP of the water-soluble fraction of the dust RMs accounts for 40%-70% of the OP of the total fraction. The values of total and water-soluble OP normalized by the surface area of insoluble particles showed agreement among the different dust RMs. The surface area of insoluble dust particles was therefore inferred as an important factor affecting the OP of mineral dust. Using the relation between total OP and the surface area of insoluble particles of the dust RMs, we estimated the total OPs of fine and coarse atmospheric mineral dust aerosols assuming a typical particle size distribution of Asian dust aerosols observed in Japan. Mass-normalized total OPs were estimated at 44 and 23 pmol min-1 μg-1 for fine and coarse atmospheric mineral dust particles. They closely approximate the values observed for urban aerosols in Japan, which suggests that mineral dust plume advection can lead to a marked increase in human exposure to redox-active aerosols, even far downwind from mineral dust source regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Nishita‐Hara
- Fukuoka Institute for Atmospheric Environment and HealthFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Division of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of YamanashiKofuJapan
| | - Keiichiro Hara
- Fukuoka Institute for Atmospheric Environment and HealthFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Earth System ScienceFaculty of ScienceFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Fukuoka Institute for Atmospheric Environment and HealthFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Earth System ScienceFaculty of ScienceFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Kuttippurath J, Maishal S, Anjaneyan P, Sunanda N, Chakraborty K. Recent changes in atmospheric input and primary productivity in the north Indian Ocean. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17940. [PMID: 37483689 PMCID: PMC10362137 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Global oceanic regions are rapidly changing in terms of their temperature, oxygen, heat content, salinity and biogeochemistry. Since the biogeochemistry of the oceans is important and pivotal for global food production, and a major part of the world population relies on marine resources for their daily life and livelihood, it is imperative to monitor and find the spatio-temporal changes in the primary productivity of oceans. Here, we estimate the changes in Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) in the north Indian Ocean (NIO) basins of Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea for the period 1998-2019. We find a substantial reduction of NPP in NIO since 1998 (-0.048 mg m-3 day-1 yr-1) and the increase in sea surface temperature (SST) (+0.02 °C yr-1) is the primary driver of this change. Furthermore, there is a significant (10-20%) change in the air mass or dust transport to NIO from the period Decade 1 (1998-2008) to Decade 2 (2009-2019). This change in air mass trajectories has also altered NPP in both basins through the changes in nutrient input and associated biogeochemistry. Henceforth, this study cautions the changes in primary productivity of NIO, and suggests regular assessments and continuous monitoring of the physical and biological processes from a perspective of food security and ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Kuttippurath
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - S. Maishal
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - P. Anjaneyan
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - N. Sunanda
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Kunal Chakraborty
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Hyderabad 500090, India
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21
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Gluščić V, Žužul S, Pehnec G, Jakovljević I, Smoljo I, Godec R, Bešlić I, Milinković A, Alempijević SB, Frka S. Sources, Ionic Composition and Acidic Properties of Bulk and Wet Atmospheric Deposition in the Eastern Middle Adriatic Region. TOXICS 2023; 11:551. [PMID: 37505517 PMCID: PMC10383331 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric bulk and wet deposition samples were collected simultaneously at the background coastal site in the Eastern Middle Adriatic region in order to assess the impact of major ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+) on deposition acidity and distinguish the main sources. Higher ion levels were observed during the cold period, especially for Cl-, Na+, Mg2+ and K+. Dust intrusion caused significant increases in levels of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+, while open-fire events increased the levels of K+. Deposition acidity showed seasonal differences as well as the influence of dust intrusion. Low ionic balance ratios indicated acidic deposition properties and the presence of organic anions. The highest neutralization ability was found for Ca2+, Na+ and NH4+. Several natural (marine, crustal) and anthropogenic sources were determined, as well as the formation of secondary aerosols. Wet deposition was characterized by higher contribution of sea salt fraction compared to bulk deposition and lower contribution of crustal fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gluščić
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silva Žužul
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Pehnec
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jakovljević
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Smoljo
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ranka Godec
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Bešlić
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Milinković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saranda Bakija Alempijević
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Zan J, Maher B, Yamazaki T, Fang X, Han W, Kang J, Hu Z. Mid-Pleistocene links between Asian dust, Tibetan glaciers, and Pacific iron fertilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304773120. [PMID: 37279267 PMCID: PMC10268273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304773120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing Asian dust fluxes, associated with late Cenozoic cooling and intensified glaciations, are conventionally thought to drive iron fertilization of phytoplankton productivity in the North Pacific, contributing to ocean carbon storage and drawdown of atmospheric CO2. During the early Pleistocene glaciations, however, productivity remained low despite higher Asian dust fluxes, only displaying glacial stage increases after the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (~800 ka B.P.). We solve this paradox by analyzing an Asian dust sequence, spanning the last 3.6 My, from the Tarim Basin, identifying a major switch in the iron composition of the dust at ~800 ka, associated with expansion of Tibetan glaciers and enhanced production of freshly ground rock minerals. This compositional shift in the Asian dust was recorded synchronously in the downwind, deep sea sediments of the central North Pacific. The switch from desert dust, containing stable, highly oxidized iron, to glacial dust, richer in reactive reduced iron, coincided with increased populations of silica-producing phytoplankton in the equatorial North Pacific and increased primary productivity in more northerly locations, such as the South China Sea. We calculate that potentially bioavailable Fe2+ flux to the North Pacific was more than doubled after the switch to glacially- sourced dust. These findings indicate a positive feedback between Tibetan glaciations, glaciogenic production of dust with enhanced iron bioavailability, and changes in North Pacific iron fertilization. Notably, this strengthened link between climate and eolian dust coincided with the mid-Pleistocene transition to increased storage of C in the glacial North Pacific and more intense northern hemisphere glaciations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing1000449China
| | - Barbara A. Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster,LancasterLA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Toshitsugu Yamazaki
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa277-8564, Japan
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing1000449China
| | - Wenxia Han
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Linyi University,276000Linyi, China
| | - Jian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing1000449China
| | - Zhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing1000449China
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23
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Wu YC, Gao XX, Zhang HH, Liu YZ, Wang J, Xu F, Zhang GL, Chen ZH. Characteristics and emissions of isoprene and other non-methane hydrocarbons in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and responses to atmospheric aerosol deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162808. [PMID: 36921853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Field investigations in the Northwest Pacific Ocean were carried out to determine the distributions of marine and atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), sources and environmental effects. We also conducted deck incubation experiments to investigate the effects of atmospheric aerosol deposition on NMHCs production. The marine NMHCs displayed an increasing trend from the South Equatorial Current to the Oyashio Current. The enhanced phytoplankton biomass and dissolved organic materials (DOM) content in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension contributed significantly to isoprene and NMHCs production compared with those in tropical waters and the North Pacific subtropical gyre. The Northwest Pacific Ocean was a significant source of atmospheric NMHCs, with average sea-to-air fluxes of 28.0 ± 38.9, 65.2 ± 73.3, 21.0 ± 26.7, 48.7 ± 62.6, 12.7 ± 15.9, 14.2 ± 16.8, and 41.7 ± 80.4 nmol m-2 d-1 for ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, i-butane, n-butane, and isoprene, respectively. Influenced by seawater release and OH radical consumption, the atmospheric NMHCs apart from isoprene displayed upward trends with increasing latitude. The deck incubation showed that the addition of aerosols and acidic aerosols significantly boosted phytoplankton biomass, altered community structure, and accelerated the production of isoprene. However, the other six NMHCs showed no obvious responses to atmospheric aerosol deposition in the incubation experiments. In summary, ocean current movements and atmospheric deposition could influence the production and release of isoprene in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cui Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xu-Xu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yong-Zheng Liu
- Physical Oceanography Laboratory/Institute for advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Gui-Ling Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Chen
- Physical Oceanography Laboratory/Institute for advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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24
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Deng K, Rickli J, Suhrhoff TJ, Du J, Scholz F, Severmann S, Yang S, McManus J, Vance D. Dominance of benthic fluxes in the oceanic beryllium budget and implications for paleo-denudation records. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3702. [PMID: 37285427 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of atmosphere-derived 10Be to continent-derived 9Be in marine sediments has been used to probe the long-term relationship between continental denudation and climate. However, its application is complicated by uncertainty in 9Be transfer through the land-ocean interface. The riverine dissolved load alone is insufficient to close the marine 9Be budget, largely due to substantial removal of riverine 9Be to continental margin sediments. We focus on the ultimate fate of this latter Be. We present sediment pore-water Be profiles from diverse continental margin environments to quantify the diagenetic Be release to the ocean. Our results suggest that pore-water Be cycling is mainly controlled by particulate supply and Mn-Fe cycling, leading to higher benthic fluxes on shelves. Benthic fluxes may help close the 9Be budget and are at least comparable to, or higher (~2-fold) than, the riverine dissolved input. These observations demand a revised model framework, which considers the potentially dominant benthic source, to robustly interpret marine Be isotopic records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Deng
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Rickli
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Jesper Suhrhoff
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jianghui Du
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Scholz
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Silke Severmann
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521, USA
| | - Shouye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - James McManus
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Derek Vance
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Bañuelos JL, Borguet E, Brown GE, Cygan RT, DeYoreo JJ, Dove PM, Gaigeot MP, Geiger FM, Gibbs JM, Grassian VH, Ilgen AG, Jun YS, Kabengi N, Katz L, Kubicki JD, Lützenkirchen J, Putnis CV, Remsing RC, Rosso KM, Rother G, Sulpizi M, Villalobos M, Zhang H. Oxide- and Silicate-Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6413-6544. [PMID: 37186959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage, environmental contaminant remediation, and nuclear waste repository management. The onset of the 21st century marked the beginning of a more detailed understanding of mineral aqueous interfaces enabled by advances in techniques that use tunable high-flux focused ultrafast laser and X-ray sources to provide near-atomic measurement resolution, as well as by nanofabrication approaches that enable transmission electron microscopy in a liquid cell. This leap into atomic- and nanometer-scale measurements has uncovered scale-dependent phenomena whose reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, and pathways deviate from previous observations made on larger systems. A second key advance is new experimental evidence for what scientists hypothesized but could not test previously, namely, interfacial chemical reactions are frequently driven by "anomalies" or "non-idealities" such as defects, nanoconfinement, and other nontypical chemical structures. Third, progress in computational chemistry has yielded new insights that allow a move beyond simple schematics, leading to a molecular model of these complex interfaces. In combination with surface-sensitive measurements, we have gained knowledge of the interfacial structure and dynamics, including the underlying solid surface and the immediately adjacent water and aqueous ions, enabling a better definition of what constitutes the oxide- and silicate-water interfaces. This critical review discusses how science progresses from understanding ideal solid-water interfaces to more realistic systems, focusing on accomplishments in the last 20 years and identifying challenges and future opportunities for the community to address. We anticipate that the next 20 years will focus on understanding and predicting dynamic transient and reactive structures over greater spatial and temporal ranges as well as systems of greater structural and chemical complexity. Closer collaborations of theoretical and experimental experts across disciplines will continue to be critical to achieving this great aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Leobardo Bañuelos
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Eric Borguet
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gordon E Brown
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Randall T Cygan
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James J DeYoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Geosciences, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julianne M Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2Canada
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Anastasia G Ilgen
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nadine Kabengi
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lynn Katz
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Resource Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Johannes Lützenkirchen
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung─INE, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institute for Mineralogy, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Gernot Rother
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Department of Physics, Ruhr Universität Bochum, NB6, 65, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mario Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo, LANGEM, Instituto De Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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26
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Xiao D, Wang N, Chen S, Wu L, Müller D, Veselovskii I, Li C, Landulfo E, Sivakumar V, Li J, Che H, Fang J, Zhang K, Wang B, Chen F, Hu X, Li X, Li W, Tong Y, Ke J, Wu L, Liu C, Liu D. Simultaneous profiling of dust aerosol mass concentration and optical properties with polarized high-spectral-resolution lidar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162091. [PMID: 36758704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dust particles originating from arid desert regions can be transported over long distances, presenting severe risks to climate, environment, social economics, and human health at the source and downwind regions. However, there has been a dearth of continuous diurnal observations of vertically resolved mass concentration and optical properties of dust aerosols, which hinders our understanding of aerosol mixing, stratification, aerosol-cloud interactions, and their impacts on the environment. To fill the gap of the insufficient observations, to the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) observation providing days of continuous profiles of the mass concentration, along with particle linear depolarization ratio (PLDR), backscattering coefficient, extinction coefficient and lidar ratio (LR), simultaneously. We present the results of two strong dust events observed by HSRL over Beijing in 2021. The maximum particle mass concentrations reached (1.52 ± 3.5) x103 μg/m3 and (19.48 ± 0.36) x103 μg/m3 for the two dust events, respectively. The retrieved particle mass concentrations and aerosol optical depth (AOD) agree well with the observation from the surface PM10 concentrations and sun photometer with correlation coefficients of 0.90 and 0.95, respectively. The intensive properties of PLDR and LR of the dust aerosols are 0.31 ± 0.02 and 39 ± 7 sr at 532 nm, respectively, which are generally close to those obtained from observations in the downwind areas. Moreover, inspired by the observations from HSRL, a universal analytical relationship is discovered to evaluate the proportion of dust aerosol backscattering, extinction, AOD, and mass concentration using PLDR. The universal analytical relationship reveals that PLDR can directly quantify dust aerosol contribution, which is expected to further expand the application of polarization technology in dust detection. These valuable observations and findings further our understanding of the contribution of dust aerosol to the environment and help supplement dust aerosol databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Nanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lingyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Detlef Müller
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Igor Veselovskii
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chengcai Li
- Department of Atmosphere and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Eduardo Landulfo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN), 2242 Lineu Prestes Av., Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Venkataraman Sivakumar
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Discipline of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Atmosphere and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feitong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xianzhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weize Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yicheng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ju Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China; Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China; Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China; Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China; Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China.
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27
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Westberry TK, Behrenfeld MJ, Shi YR, Yu H, Remer LA, Bian H. Atmospheric nourishment of global ocean ecosystems. Science 2023; 380:515-519. [PMID: 37141373 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq5252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the vast open ocean, vital nutrients for phytoplankton growth in the sunlit surface layer are largely provided through physical transport from deep waters, but some nutrients are also provided through atmospheric deposition of desert dust. The extent and magnitude of dust-mediated effects on surface ocean ecosystems have been difficult to estimate globally. In this work, we use global satellite ocean color products to demonstrate widespread responses to atmospheric dust deposition across a diverse continuum of phytoplankton nutritional conditions. The observed responses vary regionally, with some areas exhibiting substantial changes in phytoplankton biomass, whereas in other areas, the response reflects a change in physiological status or health. Climate-driven changes in atmospheric aerosols will alter the relative importance of this nutrient source.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Westberry
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - M J Behrenfeld
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Y R Shi
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - H Yu
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - L A Remer
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Airphoton Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Bian
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
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28
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Olivelli A, Murphy K, Bridgestock L, Wilson DJ, Rijkenberg M, Middag R, Weiss DJ, van de Flierdt T, Rehkämper M. Decline of anthropogenic lead in South Atlantic Ocean surface waters from 1990 to 2011: New constraints from concentration and isotope data. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114798. [PMID: 36907166 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions have severely perturbed the marine biogeochemical cycle of lead (Pb). Here, we present new Pb concentration and isotope data for surface seawater from GEOTRACES section GA02, sampled in the western South Atlantic in 2011. The South Atlantic is divided into three hydrographic zones: equatorial (0-20°S), subtropical (20-40°S), and subantarctic (40-60°S). The equatorial zone is dominated by previously deposited Pb transported by surface currents. The subtropical zone largely reflects anthropogenic Pb emissions from South America, whilst the subantarctic zone presents a mixture of South American anthropogenic Pb and natural Pb from Patagonian dust. The mean Pb concentration of 16.7 ± 3.8 pmol/kg is 34 % lower than in the 1990s, mostly driven by changes in the subtropical zone, with the fraction of natural Pb increasing from 24 % to 36 % between 1996 and 2011. Although anthropogenic Pb remains predominant, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of policies that banned leaded gasoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Olivelli
- Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Katy Murphy
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Bridgestock
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, Bute Building, Queen's Terrace, St Andrews KY16 9TS, United Kingdom
| | - David J Wilson
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
| | - Micha Rijkenberg
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Ocean Systems, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Middag
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Ocean Systems, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Centre for Isotope Research - Oceans, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominik J Weiss
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tina van de Flierdt
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Rehkämper
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Yang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Lu T, Wang Z, Qiu G. Sustainable and reagent-free cathodic precipitation for high-efficiency removal of heavy metals from soil leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121002. [PMID: 36608733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution of soils has become a serious environmental problem. Soil washing with degradable reagents is an effective remediation technique of heavy metal pollution, and the generated leachate must be appropriately treated before discharge. However, the existing methods usually have the problems of large consumption of regents, high cost, and secondary pollution. This study proposed a reagent-free electrochemical precipitation method to remove mixed heavy metal ions extracted from soils by citrate using inert electrodes (IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode and graphite cathode). The results showed that the low potential of cathode led to the electrodeposition of Cd; the local alkaline environment provided by electro-mediated water reduction caused the hydrolytic precipitation of Zn and Pb; and the precipitation of Fe washed out from Fe-rich soil resulted in the coprecipitation of As on cathode surface. These combined cathodic precipitation processes decreased the concentrations of toxic heavy metals by over 99.4% after 12 h of electrolysis at 26 mA cm-2. The electrodes exhibited high stability after multiple successive cycles of reuse. The concentrations of As, Zn, Pb and Cd in the leachate decreased to below the limits of industrial wastewater discharge in each cycle, and those in soils could be reduced by 53.8%, 58.8%, 25.5%, and 70.2% at the initial concentrations of 1549, 1016, 310 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively. The heavy metal removal rate increased with increasing current density in the range of 0-52 mA cm-2. This work provides an efficient and sustainable method for the remediation of site soils polluted by mixed heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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30
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Zhang X, Zhang S, Lu J, Li R, Lin X, Gao W. Isotopic characteristics and sources of suspended particulate organic matter in a reservoir of Chinese desert grassland areas: the influence of dry and wet seasons and the role of atmospheric deposition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39042-39054. [PMID: 36595176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to study the sources of suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) for a comprehensive understanding of the carbon and nitrogen cycles in reservoir located in desert grassland areas. Atmospheric deposition is an important pathway for human and natural nutrients to enter water ecosystems. Previous studies have focused on hotspot areas, but neglected the impact of atmospheric deposition on reservoirs in desert grassland regions with little rainfall, long freezing periods, and a dusty climate. In this study, we measured the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, the isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N), and the ratio of total organic carbon to total nitrogen (C/N ratios) for SPOM in the reservoir and its watershed across both dry and wet seasons using carbon and nitrogen isotope techniques. We also analyzed the sources of SPOM in the reservoir using the end-member mixing model. The results showed that the variation range in SPOM for δ13C was - 28.3 to - 21.8‰; for δ15N, it was 2.3 to 8.7‰; and the C/N ratios were 8.12 to 19.12. The variation range of δ13C for atmospheric particulate matter was - 20.0 to - 25.0‰; for δ15N, it was 2.3 to 11.9‰; and the C/N ratios ranged from 7.22 to 17.81. The main sources of carbon in the SPOM were atmospheric deposition and terrestrial C3 plants. The origins were significantly different between the wet and dry periods. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition and soil erosion were the primary sources of particulate nitrogen in the reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
- Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junping Lu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruishen Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lin
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Gao
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
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31
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Tomaš AV, Šantić D, Šolić M, Skejić S, Milinković A, Kušan AC, Gašparović B, Šestanović S, Frka S. How do open coastal fire episodes' impact sea surface microlayer neuston communities? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160593. [PMID: 36470385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of vegetation fires. The Mediterranean region is considered particularly prone to fire episodes in summer. It is well known that pyrogenic particles are an important source of external nutrients for the marine environment, especially in oligotrophic areas. In this study, the plankton components of the sea surface layers were integrated to evaluate, for the first time, their dynamics over six months and their response to fire events in a typical coastal area of the Adriatic Sea. Concentrations of nutrients and organic compounds, together with plankton communities were significantly higher in the sea surface microlayer (SML, < 1 mm thick), than in the underlying water from 1 m depth. The piconeuston community and chlorophyll a responded with extreme abundance and concentration to the most intense fire event that enriched the SML with NH4+. Phytoneuston abundance increased with a delay of 2 weeks, while diversity indices decreased slightly after the fire events. The large abundances of the studied piconeuston parameters could be explained by the high availability of organic compounds and the immediate availability of NH4+, while the phytoneuston community responded to an increased NO3- concentration, triggered by the fire events. We confirmed that fast-acting marine heterotrophs are important members of biogeochemical cycles associated with fire events and that, together with phytoplankton, they are unavoidable parameters to detect environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mladen Šolić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Sanda Skejić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia.
| | - Andrea Milinković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Cvitešić Kušan
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Gašparović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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32
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West CP, Morales AC, Ryan J, Misovich MV, Hettiyadura APS, Rivera-Adorno F, Tomlin JM, Darmody A, Linn BN, Lin P, Laskin A. Molecular investigation of the multi-phase photochemistry of Fe(III)-citrate in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:190-213. [PMID: 35634912 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is ubiquitous in nature and found as FeII or FeIII in minerals or as dissolved ions Fe2+ or Fe3+ in aqueous systems. The interactions of soluble Fe have important implications for fresh water and marine biogeochemical cycles, which have impacts on global terrestrial and atmospheric environments. Upon dissolution of FeIII into natural aquatic systems, organic carboxylic acids efficiently chelate FeIII to form [FeIII-carboxylate]2+ complexes that undergo a wide range of photochemistry-induced radical reactions. The chemical composition and photochemical transformations of these mixtures are largely unknown, making it challenging to estimate their environmental impact. To investigate the photochemical process of FeIII-carboxylates at the molecular level, we conduct a comprehensive experimental study employing UV-visible spectroscopy, liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and high-resolution mass spectrometry detection, and oil immersion flow microscopy. In this study, aqueous solutions of FeIII-citrate were photolyzed under 365 nm light in an experimental setup with an apparent quantum yield of (φ) ∼0.02, followed by chemical analyses of reacted mixtures withdrawn at increment time intervals of the experiment. The apparent photochemical reaction kinetics of Fe3+-citrates (aq) were expressed as two generalized consecutive reactions of with the experimental rate constants of j1 ∼ 0.12 min-1 and j2 ∼ 0.05 min-1, respectively. Molecular characterization results indicate that R and I consist of both water-soluble organic and Fe-organic species, while P compounds are a mixture of water-soluble and colloidal materials. The latter were identified as Fe-carbonaceous colloids formed at long photolysis times. The carbonaceous content of these colloids was identified as unsaturated organic species with low oxygen content and carbon with a reduced oxidation state, indicative of their plausible radical recombination mechanism under oxygen-deprived conditions typical for the extensively photolyzed mixtures. Based on the molecular characterization results, we discuss the comprehensive reaction mechanism of FeIII-citrate photochemistry and report on the formation of previously unexplored colloidal reaction products, which may contribute to atmospheric and terrestrial light-absorbing materials in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P West
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Ana C Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Jackson Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Maria V Misovich
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | | | | | - Jay M Tomlin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Andrew Darmody
- Department of Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brittany N Linn
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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33
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Zhang T, Zheng M, Sun X, Chen H, Wang Y, Fan X, Pan Y, Quan J, Liu J, Wang Y, Lyu D, Chen S, Zhu T, Chai F. Environmental impacts of three Asian dust events in the northern China and the northwestern Pacific in spring 2021. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160230. [PMID: 36395839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In March 2021, China experienced three dust events (Dust-1, 2, 3), especially the first of which was reported as the strongest one in recent ten years. Their environmental impacts have received great attention, demanding comprehensive study to assess such impacts quantitatively. Multiple advanced measurement methods, including satellite, ground-based lidar, online aerosol speciation instrument, and biogeochemical Argo float, were applied to examine and compare the transport paths, optical and chemical properties, and impacts of these three dust events on urban air quality and marine ecosystem. The results showed that Dust-1 exhibited the largest impacts on urban area, increasing PM10 concentration in Beijing, Shuozhou, and Shijiazhuang up to 7525, 3819, and 2992 μg m-3, respectively. However, due to fast movement of the Mongolian low-pressure cyclone, the duration of northwest wind over the land was quite short (e.g., only 10 h in Beijing), which prevented the transport of dust plume to the northwestern Pacific, resulting in limited impact on the ocean. Dust-2 and Dust-3, though weaker in intensity, were transported directly to the sea, and led to a substantial increase in chlorophyll-a concentration (up to near 3 times) in the northwestern Pacific, comparing to climatological value. This indicates that the impacts of dust events on ocean was not necessarily and positively correlated to their impacts on land. Based on the analyses of land-ocean-space integrated observational data and synoptic systems, this study examined how marine ecosystem responded to three significant Asian dust events in spring 2021 and quantitatively assessed the overall impacts of mega dust storms both on land and ocean, which could also provide an interdisciplinary research methodology for future research on strong aerosol emission events such as wildfire and volcanic eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Xuehua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yubing Pan
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jiannong Quan
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Daren Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuangling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
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Yu-Xiao L, Shu-Han L, Li L, Shu-Di Y, Bin-Yu L, Chen W, Shih-Chieh H, Shuh-Ji K. Seasonal variations, source apportionment and dry deposition of chemical species of total suspended particulate in Pengjia Yu Island, East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114608. [PMID: 36652864 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Total of 172 total suspended particulate (TSP) samples and its chemical compositions were collected and analyzed from January to December 2010 in Pengjia Yu Island, an open region in East China Sea (ECS). Despite the predominance of sea-salt major ions (Na+, Cl-), the presence of non-sea-salt SO42- (nss-SO42-) and NO3- as well as combustion-derived trace metals clearly establishes the impact of anthropogenic sources over ECS. The annual contributions of coal, heavy-fuel oil and traffic to the measured chemical species were 21.0 %, 15.0 % and 15.5 %, respectively. Especially in spring, the contributions of crustal minerals to measured chemical species during dust period (33.6 %) were higher than that (13.2 %) during non-dust period. The calculated annual average dry deposition fluxes for trace metals and total inorganic nitrogen were 246.1 ± 345.8 μg/m2/d and 2950.4 ± 2245.0 μg/m2/d, suggesting that atmospheric deposition is an important source of nutrient elements for the south of ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu-Xiao
- School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Liu Shu-Han
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Luo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yang Shu-Di
- School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lu Bin-Yu
- School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Wang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hsu Shih-Chieh
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, China
| | - Kao Shuh-Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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35
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Fitzsimmons JN, Conway TM. Novel Insights into Marine Iron Biogeochemistry from Iron Isotopes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2023; 15:383-406. [PMID: 36100217 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032822-103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The micronutrient iron plays a major role in setting the magnitude and distribution of primary production across the global ocean. As such, an understanding of the sources, sinks, and internal cycling processes that drive the oceanic distribution of iron is key to unlocking iron's role in the global carbon cycle and climate, both today and in the geologic past. Iron isotopic analyses of seawater have emerged as a transformative tool for diagnosing iron sources to the ocean and tracing biogeochemical processes. In this review, we summarize the end-member isotope signatures of different iron source fluxes and highlight the novel insights into iron provenance gained using this tracer. We also review ways in which iron isotope fractionation might be used to understand internal oceanic cycling of iron, including speciation changes, biological uptake, and particle scavenging. We conclude with an overview of future research needed to expand the utilization of this cutting-edge tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim M Conway
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA;
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36
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Ammann M, Artiglia L. Solvation, Surface Propensity, and Chemical Reactions of Solutes at Atmospheric Liquid-Vapor Interfaces. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3641-3651. [PMID: 36472357 PMCID: PMC9774673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
surface is covered by oceans, a large number of liquid aerosol particles fill the air, and clouds hold a tiny but critical fraction of Earth's water in the air to influence our climate and hydrology, enabling the lives of humans and ecosystems. The surfaces of these liquids provide the interface for the transfer of gases, for nucleation processes, and for catalyzing important chemical reactions. Coupling a range of spectroscopic tools to liquid microjets has become an important approach to better understanding dynamics, structure, and chemistry at liquid interfaces. Liquid microjets offer stability in vacuum and ambient pressure environments, thus also allowing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with manageable efforts in terms of differential pumping. Liquid microjets are operated at speeds sufficient to allow for a locally equilibrated surface in terms of water dynamics and solute surface partitioning. XPS is based on the emission of core-level electrons, the binding energy of which is selective for the element and its chemical environment. Inelastic scattering of electrons establishes the probing depth of XPS in the nanometer range and thus its surface sensitivity.In this Account, we focus on aqueous solutions relevant to the surface of oceans, aqueous aerosols, or cloudwater. We are interested in understanding solvation and acid dissociation at the interface, interfacial aspects of reactions with gas-phase reactants, and the interplay of ions with organic molecules at the interface. The strategy is to obtain a link between the molecular-level picture and macroscopic properties and reactivity in the atmospheric context.We show consistency between surface tension and XPS for a range of surface-active organic species as an important proof for interrogating an equilibrated liquid surface. Measurements with organic acids and amines offer important insight into the question of apparent acidity or basicity at the interface. Liquid microjet XPS has settled the debate of the surface enhancement of halide ions, shown using the example of bromide and its oxidation products. Despite the absence of a strong enhancement for the bromide ion, its rate of oxidation by ozone is surface catalyzed through the stabilization of the bromide ozonide intermediate at the interface. In another reaction system, the one between Fe2+ and H2O2, a similar intermediate in the form of highly valent iron species could not be detected by XPS under the experimental conditions employed, shedding light on the abundance of this intermediate in the environment but also on the constraints within which surface species can be detected. Emphasizing the importance of electrostatic effects, we show how a cationic surfactant attracts charged bromide anions to the interface, accompanied by enhanced oxidation rates by ozone, overriding the role of surfactants as a barrier for the access of gas-phase reactants. The reactivity and structure at interfaces thus result from a subtle balance between hygroscopic and hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic effects, and the structural properties of both liquids and solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ammann
- Laboratory of Environmental
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory of Environmental
Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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37
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Papi R, Attarchi S, Darvishi Boloorani A, Neysani Samany N. Knowledge discovery of Middle East dust sources using Apriori spatial data mining algorithm. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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38
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Wang X, Shen Z, Huang S, Che H, Zhang L, Lei Y, Sun J, Shen G, Xu H, Cao J. Water-soluble iron in PM 2.5 in winter over six Chinese megacities: Distributions, sources, and environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120329. [PMID: 36195196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble iron (ws-Fe) in PM2.5 plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and atmospheric chemical processes. The anthropogenic sources of ws-Fe have attracted considerable attention owing to its high solubility. However, few studies have investigated the content of PM2.5 ws-Fe in the urban environment. In the present study, we characterized the spatial distributions of ws-Fe in six Chinese megacities in the winter of 2019. Furthermore, we investigated the speciation of PM2.5 ws-Fe (ws-Fe(II) and ws-Fe(III)), potential sources of ws-Fe, and association between ws-Fe and particle-bound reactive oxygen species (ROS). Higher ws-Fe concentrations were observed in northern cities (Harbin, Beijing, and Xi'an) than in southern cities (Chengdu, Wuhan, and Guangzhou). Moreover, atmospheric ws-Fe concentrations in urban China were several folds higher than those in urban areas of the United States and several orders of magnitude higher than those in remote oceans, indicating that China is a key contributor to global atmospheric ws-Fe. The dominant form of ws-Fe was ws-Fe(III) in Beijing, whereas ws-Fe(II) was more abundant in the other five cities. The concentrations of ws-Fe and ws-Fe(II) concentrations increased with increasing PM2.5 levels in all the six cities, however, we did not observe any consistent pattern of ws-Fe(III) concentration. Biomass burning was a dominant source of ws-Fe in all cities except Beijing. A strong positive correlation was observed between particle-bound ROS content and ws-Fe; this finding is consistent with those of previous studies indicating that ws-Fe in PM2.5 notably influences atmospheric chemical processes and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change CanadaScience and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yali Lei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Zhang Q, Liu M, Zhang S, Wang L, Zhu G. Environmental implications of agricultural abandonment on Fe cycling: Insight from iron forms and stable isotope composition in karst soil, southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114377. [PMID: 36152887 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change influences the fate of nutrient elements, including iron (Fe), and then threaten soil security. In this study, Fe forms and stable isotope composition (δ56Fe) in soils were investigated to identify the variations in the processes of Fe cycling during agricultural abandonment in a karst region of Southwest China. Soil δ56Fe compositions varied from -0.05‰-0.02‰ in croplands, 0.05‰-0.12‰ in abandoned croplands, to 0.30‰-0.80‰ in the native vegetation lands. In the croplands, Fe oxidation-precipitation process is considered as the main contributor to Fe migration and isotope fractionation, leading to a relatively enrichment of heavier Fe isotope in deeper soil layer. In the abandoned croplands and native vegetation lands, Fe isotope in the organic-rich layer (0-10 cm) was significantly lighter than that in subsurface layer (20-30 cm), mainly due to the recovery of soil organic carbon (SOC) and macro-aggregate after cropland abandonment. Moreover, the eluviation process mainly caused a decrease in soil Fe contents and enrichment of heavy Fe isotope in deeper soils (below 40 cm). The positive correlation between oxidized Fe and SOC contents suggested the accumulation of mobile Fe in soils after agricultural abandonment, which is beneficial for Fe uptake and assimilation by plants. This study suggests that agricultural abandonment significantly reduce soil Fe leaching loss and improve plant Fe supply by SOC accumulation in surface soil, which gives an environmental implication for the management of soil nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Man Liu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shitong Zhang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guangyou Zhu
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing, 100083, China
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Shi J, Guan Y, Gao H, Yao X, Wang R, Zhang D. Aerosol Iron Solubility Specification in the Global Marine Atmosphere with Machine Learning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16453-16461. [PMID: 36316194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol iron (Fe) solubility is a key factor for the assessment of atmospheric nutrients input to the ocean but poorly specified in models because the mechanism of determining the solubility is unclear. We develop a deep learning model to project the solubility based on the data that we observed in a coastal city of China. The model has five variables: the size range of particles, relative humidity, and the ratios of sulfate, nitrate and oxalate to total Fe (TFe) contents in aerosol particles. Results show excellent statistical agreements with the solubility in the literature over most worldwide seas and margin areas with the Pearson correlation coefficients (r) as large as 0.73-0.97. The exception is the Atlantic Ocean, where good agreement is obtained with the model trained using local data (r: 0.34-0.66). The model further uncovers that the ratio of oxalate/TFe is the most important variable influencing the solubility. These results indicate the feasibility of treating the solubility as a function of the six factors in deep learning models with careful training and validation. Our model and projected solubility provide innovative options for better quantification of air-to-sea input of aerosol soluble Fe in observational and model studies in the global marine atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Yang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Renzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto862-8502, Japan
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Du J, Mix AC, Haley BA, Belanger CL, Sharon. Volcanic trigger of ocean deoxygenation during Cordilleran ice sheet retreat. Nature 2022; 611:74-80. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ma Y, Li P, Zhong H, He M, Wang B, Mou X, Wu L. The Ecological Differentiation of Particle-Attached and Free-Living Bacterial Communities in a Seasonal Flooding Lake-the Poyang Lake. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02134-1. [PMID: 36323973 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) bacterial communities play essential roles in the biogeochemical cycling of essential nutrients in aquatic environments. However, little is known about the factors that drive the differentiation of bacterial lifestyles, especially in flooding lake systems. Here we assessed the compositional and functional similarities between the FL and PA bacterial fractions in a typical flooding lake-the Poyang Lake (PYL) of China. The results revealed that PA communities had significantly different compositions and functions from FL communities in every hydrological period, and the diversity of both PA and FL communities was affected mainly by the water regime rather than bacterial lifestyles. PA communities were more diverse and enriched with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while FL communities had more Actinobacteria. There was a higher abundance of photosynthetic and nitrogen-cycling bacterial groups in PA communities, but a higher abundance of members involved in hydrocarbon degradation, aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, and methylotrophy in FL communities. Water properties (e.g., temperature, pH, total phosphorus) significantly regulated the lifestyle variations of PA and FL bacteria in PYL. Collectively, our results have demonstrated a clear ecological differentiation of PA and FL bacterial communities in flooding lakes, suggesting that the connectivity between FL and PA bacterial fractions is water property-related rather than water regime-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantian Ma
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Pan Li
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Mengjie He
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Binhua Wang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiaozhen Mou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Lan Wu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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Disentangling the size-dependent redox reactivity of iron oxides using thermodynamic relationships. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204673119. [PMID: 36161900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204673119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles often exhibit size-dependent redox reactivities, with smaller particles being more reactive in some cases, while less reactive in others. Predicting trends between redox reaction rates and particle sizes is often complicated because a particle's dimensions can simultaneously influence its aggregation state, reactive surface area, and thermodynamic properties. Here, we tested the hypothesis that interfacial redox reaction rates for nanoparticles with different sizes can be described with a single linear free-energy relationship (LFER) if size-dependent reactive surface areas and thermodynamic properties are properly considered. We tested this hypothesis using a well-known interfacial redox reaction: the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline by iron-oxide-bound Fe2+. We measured the reduction potential (EH) values of nano-particulate hematite suspensions containing aqueous Fe2+ using mediated potentiometry and characterized the size and aggregation states of hematite samples at circumneutral pH values. We used the measured EH values to calculate surface energies and reactive surface areas using thermodynamic relationships. Nitrobenzene reduction rates were lower for smaller particles, despite their larger surface areas, due to their higher surface energies. When differences in surface areas and thermodynamic properties were considered, nitrobenzene reduction kinetics for all particle sizes was described with a LFER. Our results demonstrate that when Fe2+ serves as a reductant, an antagonistic effect exists, with smaller particles having larger reactive surface areas but also more positive reduction potentials. When Fe3+ serves as an oxidant, however, these two effects work in concert, which likely explains past discrepancies regarding how iron oxide particle sizes influence redox reaction rates.
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Suresh K, Singh U, Jha AK, Matta VM, Sudheer AK, Kumar A. Assessment of aeolian dust concentration, elemental composition, and their wet and dry deposition fluxes over the Northeast Arabian Sea. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:1161-1173. [PMID: 35829633 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol over the Arabian Sea is significantly impacted by the long-range transported mineral dust from the surrounding continents. This transported mineral dust is hypothesized and tested during several studies to see the impacts on the surface ocean biogeochemical processes and subsequently to the Carbon cycle. It is, thus important to quantify dust contributions and their fluxes to the Arabian Sea. Here we assess temporal variability of dust concentration, their elemental characteristics as well as quantify their dry and wet deposition fluxes over the North-eastern Arabian Sea. The dust concentrations were found to vary from 59 to 132 µg m-3 which accounts for 50% to 90% of total mass during dusty days. However, its contribution during pre and post dust storms ranges between 6% and 60%. Relatively higher dust dry deposition flux of 28 ± 7 mg m-2 day-1 (range: 20-44) is estimated for dusty days compared to pre and post dusty days (range: 0.4-22 mg m-2 day-1). In contrast to dry deposition fluxes, significantly higher fluxes are estimated from wet deposition, averaging around 240 ± 220 mg m-2 day-1. These values are five times higher than those reported from cruise samples collected over the Arabian Sea. The contribution of dust to aerosol mass is further ascertained using elemental composition, wherein a significant correlation was observed between Fe and Al (r2 = 0.77) for samples collected during the dusty period, highlighting their similar crustal sources. Our estimation of dust flux over this region has implications for the supply of nutrients associated with natural dust to the surface water of the Arabian Sea.Implications: The Arabian Sea, one of the productive oceanic regions among the global oceans, has been identified as a perennial source of atmospheric CO2. This basin is heavily impacted by atmospheric dust deposition/inputs owing to its geographical location being surrounded by arid and semi-arid regions. It has been hypothesized that aeolian dust plays a significant role in modulating surface water biogeochemical processes including primary productivity, in the Arabian Sea. Furthermore, modelling studies have highlighted on the role of dust (containing Fe) in fueling and enhancing primary productivity in the Arabian Sea. However, quantification of dust deposition fluxes (wet and dry) on seasonal time scale is missing in the literature. This paper aims to partially fulfil this research gap by providing a long-term data of wet and dry deposition fluxes over the northeastern Arabian Sea. We have also discussed their seasonal variability and factors affecting this flux. Thus, this study will be valuable contribution to the aeolian research community and have significant implication toward the role of aeolian deposition to the surface water biogeochemical processes in the Arabian Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suresh
- Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, India
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Udisha Singh
- Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Vishnu Murthy Matta
- The School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao, India
| | - A K Sudheer
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Liu X, Turner JR, Hand JL, Schichtel BA, Martin RV. A Global-Scale Mineral Dust Equation. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:e2022JD036937. [PMID: 36591339 PMCID: PMC9787586 DOI: 10.1029/2022jd036937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A robust method to estimate mineral dust mass in ambient particulate matter (PM) is essential, as the dust fraction cannot be directly measured but is needed to understand dust impacts on the environment and human health. In this study, a global-scale dust equation is developed that builds on the widely used Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network's "soil" formula that is based on five measured elements (Al, Si, Ca, Fe, and Ti). We incorporate K, Mg, and Na into the equation using the mineral-to-aluminum (MAL) mass ratio of (K2O + MgO + Na2O)/Al2O3 and apply a correction factor (CF) to account for other missing compounds. We obtain region-specific MAL ratios and CFs by investigating the variation in dust composition across desert regions. To calculate reference dust mass for equation evaluation, we use total-mineral-mass (summing all oxides of crustal elements) and residual-mass (subtracting non-dust species from total PM) approaches. For desert dust in source regions, the normalized mean bias (NMB) of the global equation (within ±1%) is significantly smaller than the NMB of the IMPROVE equation (-6% to 10%). For PM2.5 with high dust content measured by the IMPROVE network, the global equation estimates dust mass well (NMB within ±5%) at most sites. For desert dust transported to non-source regions, the global equation still performs well (NMB within ±2%). The global equation can also represent paved road, unpaved road, and agricultural soil dust (NMB within ±5%). This global equation provides a promising approach for calculating dust mass based on elemental analysis of dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jay R. Turner
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jenny L. Hand
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the AtmosphereColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | | | - Randall V. Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
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Li R, Zhang H, Wang F, He Y, Huang C, Luo L, Dong S, Jia X, Tang M. Mass fractions, solubility, speciation and isotopic compositions of iron in coal and municipal waste fly ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155974. [PMID: 35588802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of anthropogenic aerosols may contribute significantly to dissolved Fe in the open ocean, affecting marine primary production and biogeochemical cycles; however, fractional solubility of Fe is not well understood for anthropogenic aerosols. This work investigated mass fractions, solubility, speciation and isotopic compositions of Fe in coal and municipal waste fly ash. Compared to desert dust (3.1 ± 1.1%), the average mass fraction of Fe was higher in coal fly ash (6.2 ± 2.7%) and lower in municipal waste fly ash (2.6 ± 0.4%), and the average Fe/Al ratios were rather similar for the three types of particles. Municipal waste fly ash showed highest Fe solubility (1.98 ± 0.43%) in acetate buffer (pH: 4.3), followed by desert dust (0.43 ± 0.30%) and coal fly ash (0.24 ± 0.28%), suggesting that not all the anthropogenic aerosols showed higher Fe solubility than desert dust. For the samples examined in our work, amorphous Fe appeared to be an important controlling factor for Fe solubility, which was not correlated with particle size or BET surface area. Compared to desert dust (-0.05‰ to 0.21‰), coal and municipal waste fly ash showed similar or even higher δ56Fe values for total Fe (range: 0.05‰ to 0.75‰), implying that the presence of coal or municipal waste fly ash may not be able to explain significantly smaller δ56Fe values reported for total Fe in ambient aerosols affected by anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Yuting He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chengpeng Huang
- Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Shuwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaohong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingjin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Control in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Milinković A, Penezić A, Kušan AC, Gluščić V, Žužul S, Skejić S, Šantić D, Godec R, Pehnec G, Omanović D, Engel A, Frka S. Variabilities of biochemical properties of the sea surface microlayer: Insights to the atmospheric deposition impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156440. [PMID: 35660618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition (AD) of nutrients and its impact on the sea surface requires consideration of interfacial processes within the sea surface microlayer (SML), the ocean-atmosphere boundary layer of major importance for many global biogeochemical and climate-related processes. This study comprised a comprehensive dataset, including dissolved NO3-, NH4+ and PO43- in ambient aerosol particles, wet deposition and sea surface samples collected from February to July 2019 at a central Adriatic coastal site. The aerosol mean concentration of dissolved nitrogen (DIN = NO3- + NH4+) and PO43- were 48.8 ± 82.8 μmol m-3 and 0.8 ± 0.6 μmol m-3, respectively, while their total fluxes (dry + wet) ranged from 24.2 to 212.3 μmol m-2 d-1 (mean 123.2 ± 53.2 μmol m-2 d-1) and from 1.2 to 2.1 μmol m-2 d-1 (mean 1.5 ± 0.3 μmol m-2 d-1), respectively. Intensive local episodes of open biomass burning (BB) significantly increased aerosol DIN concentrations as well as DIN deposition fluxes, particularly altering the molar DIN/PO43- ratio of atmospheric samples. The DIN temporal patterns showed high variability in the SML (range 0.2-24.6 μmol L-1, mean 5.0 ± 7.1 μmol L-1) in contrast to the underlying water samples (range 0.5-4.2 μmol L-1, mean 1.9 ± 1.2 μmol L-1), with significant increases during BB periods. Variability in abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophs in the SML along with concentrations of bulk dissolved and particulate organic carbon as well as dissolved and particulate lipids and carbohydrates, gel particles and surfactants followed DIN enhancements with a two-week delay. This study showed that AD can affect the short-term scale enrichments of organic matter in the SML, especially when accompanied by BB emissions typical of the overall Mediterranean coastal environment. This could have strong implications for global air-sea exchange processes, including those of climate relevant gases, mediated by the SML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Milinković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Abra Penezić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Cvitešić Kušan
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Gluščić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silva Žužul
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanda Skejić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Ranka Godec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Pehnec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Omanović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Using Long-Lived Thorium Isotopes to Quantify the Lithogenic Inputs to the Lakes in Qaidam Basin, China. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the 232Th–230Th system has gained popularity as a tracer to quantify lithogenic sources of trace elements to the marine environment. Thorium (Th) isotopes were utilized to quantify the supply of lithogenic inputs to Keluke Lake and Tuosu Lake in Qaidam Basin, China. A total of 33 water samples were collected from Keluke Lake, Tuosu Lake, and Bayin River to measure the concentrations of dissolved 232Th and 230Th. The relationship of 232Th concentration in the water was in the order Bayin River > Keluke Lake > KLK–TS River > Tuosu Lake, confirming the input of variable lithogenic material sources. Three sources dominate the flux of lithofacies into the lakes: the river input, the deposition of dust and the local input from the sediments surrounding the lakes. On an interannual timescale, the lithogenic flux of Keluke Lake was mainly derived from river input. In summer, the dust flux in the study area could be estimated as 0.133 g/m2/year, while the flux of lithologic material from Bayin River to Keluke Lake was 12.367 g/m2/year. In contrast, the fluvial input to the Tuosu lake was small in comparison to the dust contribution of lithogenic flux. The high Th232-concentration and the vertical sediment flux in this lake may have been caused by resuspension of bottom sediments.
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Zhao H, Zhang F, Yu Z, Li J. Spatiotemporal variation in soil degradation and economic damage caused by wind erosion in Northwest China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115121. [PMID: 35472840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wind erosion causes significant dust emissions in northwest China, resulting in large amounts of soil organic matter and nutrient losses. It has a significant impact on air quality, climate change, vegetation growth, and economic growth at the regional scale. In this work, the Weather Research Forecasting with Chemistry atmospheric chemical transport model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial processes of dust emissions in northwest China from 1980 to 2015. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the loss of soil organic matter and nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) due to dust emissions, and the economic damage from wind erosion, were simulated and calculated. Spatial patterns of soil organic matter and nutrient losses are consistent with dust emission rates across the research region. The average annual dust emissions were approximately 65.17 million tons, with losses of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus resulting from dust emissions of 531,494 tons, 30,754 tons, and 37,095 tons, respectively. In addition, the average annual economic loss caused by wind erosion was 309.25 million yuan in northwest China during the entire study period. This research is valuable for understanding the role of wind erosion on the carbon and nutrient cycles and the mechanism of soil degradation in northwest China and estimating the economic impacts of wind erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhao
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ziyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
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Dansie AP, Thomas DSG, Wiggs GFS, Baddock MC, Ashpole I. Plumes and blooms - Locally-sourced Fe-rich aeolian mineral dust drives phytoplankton growth off southwest Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154562. [PMID: 35306076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocean-based photosynthesis accounts for half of global primary production. Productivity rates, driven by phytoplanktonic responses to nutrient availability, are however highly variable both spatially and temporally throughout the oceans. Intense primary production in the ocean's most productive areas, the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS), cannot be fully explained by nutrient upwelling alone, with the role of local dust sources and complimentary aeolian nutrient delivery largely overlooked. Here we explore relationships between iron-rich dust plumes emanating from a significant regional dust source, Namibia's ephemeral river valleys, and blooms of phytoplankton growth off southwest Africa in the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS). We constrain dust source dynamics through field measurement of in-valley airborne dust concentrations made at daily resolution, and couple these with satellite observations of atmospheric aerosols, ocean phytoplankton concentrations, and sea surface temperature over a six-month period encompassing the known 'dust season' of the valley sources. Phytoplanktonic responses in BUS waters to individual dust emission events were identified and were importantly shown to be unassociated with upwelling events. We demonstrate a fast (1-2 day) chlorophyllic response to observed iron-rich dust emissions, a relationship that is concealed by monthly averaged data. We show that terrestrial in-valley airborne dust concentrations correlate with offshore increases in phytoplankton concentrations, providing the first study of oceanic response that is directly linked with a specific monitored terrestrial dust source.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Dansie
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
| | - D S G Thomas
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK; Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - G F S Wiggs
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - M C Baddock
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - I Ashpole
- Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
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