1
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Mohanty SK, Mohanty AK, Kumar MS, Suchiang K. Triiodothyronine enhances various forms of kidney-specific Klotho protein and suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin pathway: Insights from in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico investigations. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111214. [PMID: 38729322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are intricately linked to the molecular processes underlying aging, with the decline of the antiaging protein Klotho being a key factor. Investigating these processes is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies. The age-associated reduction in Klotho expression, coupled with a decline in the endocrine hormone triiodothyronine (T3), prompted a detailed exploration of their potential interplay. Our research, conducted through both in-vitro and in-vivo studies on BALB/c mice, unveiled a significant capacity of T3 to upregulate various forms of Klotho via ATF-3/p-c-Jun transcription factor. This effect was particularly noteworthy in aged individuals, where Klotho expression had waned compared to their younger counterparts. Importantly, T3 demonstrated a promising therapeutic impact in rejuvenating Klotho expression in this context. Further investigations elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying T3's impact on aging-related pathways. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments established T3's ability to downregulate the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway by enhancing Klotho expression. In-silico analyses provided insights into Klotho's intricate role, showing its capacity to inhibit Wnt ligands such as Wnt3 and Wnt8a, consequently disrupting their interaction with the Wnt receptor. Additionally, T3 was found to downregulate kidney-specific GSK-3β expression through the augmentation of Klotho expression. The study also highlighted T3's role in maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis via Klotho. This comprehensive investigation not only sheds light on the intricate mechanisms governing aging processes but also presents promising avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway implicated in various age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswat Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605 014, India.
| | | | | | - Kitlangki Suchiang
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India.
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2
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Yuan M, Zhang Y, Hu R, Yuan L, Ma J, Xu Y. Linear-inverse associations of serum Klotho protein with prevalence of frailty among adults in the United States. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:3090-3098. [PMID: 39114692 PMCID: PMC11301489 DOI: 10.62347/ozhf3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the potential linear relationship between serum concentrations of klotho and frailty. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 9,597 middle-aged and older adults (aged 40-79 years) from the five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index, calculated as a percentage of accumulated deficits across 53 health items. Restricted cubic spline curves, subgroup analyses and logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the specific linear trend connection between circulating klotho protein concentration and frailty. RESULTS When taking Klotho into account as a continuous component in Models 1 and 2, there was a substantial association between the increasing Klotho level and the reduced risk of frailty. Model 3 revealed a strong negative correlation between the Klotho and Frailty, suggesting that high levels of Klotho protein decreases the frailty prevalence [Odd ratio (OR): 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.43]. Furthermore, according to the quartile analyses, after fully adjusting for the covariates, it was observed that, comparing to the lowest quartile of Klotho, the highest quartile of Klotho demonstrated lowest risk of frailty (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.58-0.81, Ptrend < 0.001). The restricted cubic spline curves showed a linear relationship and an inverse association between frailty and the Klotho levels (Plinearity < 0.001; Pnon-linearity = 0.736). CONCLUSION Klotho is inversely and linearly associated with physical frailty in the general population (aged 40-79 years), specifically in the population with an age < 65 and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. More necessary prospective studies should be done to further investigate the mechanisms underlying frailty and aging and to elucidate individual frailty causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Chinese PLABeijing 100853, China
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048, China
| | - Yingyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Chinese PLABeijing 100853, China
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Chinese PLABeijing 100853, China
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Chinese PLABeijing 100853, China
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048, China
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3
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Jung HJ, Pham TD, Su XT, Grigore TV, Hoenderop JG, Olauson H, Wall SM, Ellison DH, Welling PA, Al-Qusairi L. Klotho is highly expressed in the chief sites of regulated potassium secretion, and it is stimulated by potassium intake. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10740. [PMID: 38729987 PMCID: PMC11087591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Klotho regulates many pathways in the aging process, but it remains unclear how it is physiologically regulated. Because Klotho is synthesized, cleaved, and released from the kidney; activates the chief urinary K+ secretion channel (ROMK) and stimulates urinary K+ secretion, we explored if Klotho protein is regulated by dietary K+ and the potassium-regulatory hormone, Aldosterone. Klotho protein along the nephron was evaluated in humans and in wild-type (WT) mice; and in mice lacking components of Aldosterone signaling, including the Aldosterone-Synthase KO (AS-KO) and the Mineralocorticoid-Receptor KO (MR-KO) mice. We found the specific cells of the distal nephron in humans and mice that are chief sites of regulated K+ secretion have the highest Klotho protein expression along the nephron. WT mice fed K+-rich diets increased Klotho expression in these cells. AS-KO mice exhibit normal Klotho under basal conditions but could not upregulate Klotho in response to high-K+ intake in the K+-secreting cells. Similarly, MR-KO mice exhibit decreased Klotho protein expression. Together, i) Klotho is highly expressed in the key sites of regulated K+ secretion in humans and mice, ii) In mice, K+-rich diets increase Klotho expression specifically in the potassium secretory cells of the distal nephron, iii) Aldosterone signaling is required for Klotho response to high K+ intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Jung
- Department of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Truyen D Pham
- Department of Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiao-Tong Su
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Teodora Veronica Grigore
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G Hoenderop
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Olauson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan M Wall
- Department of Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David H Ellison
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Paul A Welling
- Department of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lama Al-Qusairi
- Department of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Hu X, Li X, Ye N, Zhou Z, Li G, Jiang F. Association of serum soluble α‑klotho with risk of kidney stone disease: a population-based cross-sectional study. World J Urol 2024; 42:219. [PMID: 38587631 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to explore the association of serum soluble klotho with kidney stone disease (KSD) in the general population over the age of 40 years in the United States. METHODS We integrated the data in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2016 years. The relationship between serum soluble α‑klotho and prevalence of KSD was analyzed by constructing weighted multivariable logistic regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve, and subgroup analyses. RESULTS In the study, a total of 13,722 individuals were included in our study. A U-shaped association between serum soluble klotho and the risk of KSD was shown by the RCS curve (P value for nonlinear < 0.05). In the full adjusted model, compared with the lowest quartile of serum soluble α‑klotho, the adjusted odd ratios (95% confidence intervals) for KSD across the quartiles were (0.999 (0.859, 1.164), 1.005 (0.858, 1.176), and 1.061 (0.911, 1.235)). Subgroup analyses also showed that the U-shaped association of serum soluble α‑klotho with KSD was found among subjects who were age < 60 years, female or male, with or without hypertension, and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that serum klotho levels had a U-shaped correlation with risk of KSD. When the Klotho level is at 818.66 pg/mL, prevalence of KSD is lowest. Therefore, maintaining a certain level of serum soluble α‑klotho could prevent the occurrence of KSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 100 Huaihai Road, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, 100 Huaihai Road, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 100 Huaihai Road, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, 100 Huaihai Road, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Department of Urology, Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Province, 42 Xiaosu Road, Anqing, 246000, Anhui, China
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 100 Huaihai Road, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China.
- Department of Urology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, 100 Huaihai Road, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Province, 42 Xiaosu Road, Anqing, 246000, Anhui, China.
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Guleray Lafci N, van Goor M, Cetinkaya S, van der Wijst J, Acun M, Kurt Colak F, Cetinkaya A, Hoenderop J. Decreased calcium permeability caused by biallelic TRPV5 mutation leads to autosomal recessive renal calcium-wasting hypercalciuria. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-024-01589-9. [PMID: 38528055 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypercalciuria is the most common metabolic risk factor in people with kidney stone disease. Its etiology is mostly multifactorial, although monogenetic causes of hypercalciuria have also been described. Despite the increased availability of genetic diagnostic tests, the vast majority of individuals with familial hypercalciuria remain unsolved. In this study, we investigated a consanguineous pedigree with idiopathic hypercalciuria. The proband additionally exhibited severe skeletal deformities and hyperparathyroidism. Whole-exome sequencing of the proband revealed a homozygous ultra-rare variant in TRPV5 (NM_019841.7:c.1792G>A; p.(Val598Met)), which encodes for a renal Ca2+-selective ion channel. The variant segregates with the three individuals with hypercalciuria. The skeletal phenotype unique to the proband was due to an additional pathogenic somatic mutation in GNAS (NM_000516.7:c.601C>T; p.(Arg201Cys)), which leads to polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. The variant in TRPV5 is located in the TRP helix, a characteristic amphipathic helix that is indispensable for the gating movements of TRP channels. Biochemical characterization of the TRPV5 p.(Val598Met) channel revealed a complete loss of Ca2+ transport capability. This defect is caused by reduced expression of the mutant channel, due to misfolding and preferential targeting to the proteasome for degradation. Based on these findings, we conclude that biallelic loss of TRPV5 function causes a novel form of monogenic autosomal recessive hypercalciuria, which we name renal Ca2+-wasting hypercalciuria (RCWH). The recessive inheritance pattern explains the rarity of RCWH and underscores the potential prevalence of RCWH in highly consanguineous populations, emphasizing the importance of exploration of this disorder within such communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Guleray Lafci
- Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
- Health Science University, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children Health and Disease Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mark van Goor
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Semra Cetinkaya
- Health Science University, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children Health and Disease Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jenny van der Wijst
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Melisa Acun
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kurt Colak
- Health Science University, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children Health and Disease Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arda Cetinkaya
- Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Joost Hoenderop
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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6
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Schnicker NJ, Xu Z, Amir M, Gakhar L, Huang CL. Conformational landscape of soluble α-klotho revealed by cryogenic electron microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.02.583144. [PMID: 38496408 PMCID: PMC10942382 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.583144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
α-Klotho (KLA) is a type-1 membranous protein that can associate with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) to form co-receptor for FGF23. The ectodomain of unassociated KLA is shed as soluble KLA (sKLA) to exert FGFR/FGF23-independent pleiotropic functions. The previously determined X-ray crystal structure of the extracellular region of sKLA in complex with FGF23 and FGFR1c suggests that sKLA functions solely as an on-demand coreceptor for FGF23. To understand the FGFR/FGF23-independent pleiotropic functions of sKLA, we investigated biophysical properties and structure of apo-sKLA. Mass photometry revealed that sKLA can form a stable structure with FGFR and/or FGF23 as well as sKLA dimer in solution. Single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) supported the dimeric structure of sKLA. Cryo-EM further revealed a 3.3Å resolution structure of apo-sKLA that overlays well with its counterpart in the ternary complex with several distinct features. Compared to the ternary complex, the KL2 domain of apo-sKLA is more flexible. 3D variability analysis revealed that apo-sKLA adopts conformations with different KL1-KL2 interdomain bending and rotational angles. The potential multiple forms and shapes of sKLA support its role as FGFR-independent hormone with pleiotropic functions. A comprehensive understanding of the sKLA conformational landscape will provide the foundation for developing klotho-related therapies for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Schnicker
- Protein and Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Zhen Xu
- Protein and Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Mohammad Amir
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Lokesh Gakhar
- Protein and Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
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7
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Yuguang L, Chang Y, Chen N, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Song W, Lu J, Liu X. Serum klotho as a novel biomarker for metabolic syndrome: findings from a large national cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1295927. [PMID: 38501099 PMCID: PMC10944879 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1295927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The identification of novel biomarkers associated with mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome could facilitate early risk stratification and targeted interventions. Methods We conducted a large prospective cohort study using data from five cycles (2009-2016) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, including a total of 40,439 participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between serum klotho protein levels and metabolic syndrome, while Cox regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation between serum klotho levels and all-cause mortality. Mortality data were updated until December 31, 2019. Results After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic confounders, the logistic regression model demonstrated that higher serum klotho levels were significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (OR [95% CI] Highest vs. lowest quartile: 0.84 [0.70-0.99], P=0.038). In the Cox regression model, elevated klotho levels were found to significantly reduce the risk of all-cause mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome (HR [95% CI] Highest vs. lowest quartile: 0.68 [0.51-0.90], P=0.006). Conclusion Serum klotho levels were found to be inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, independent of potential confounding factors such as demographics, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors. Furthermore, higher klotho levels strongly indicated a lower risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuguang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Song
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangliang Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Abboud M, Merenbakh-Lamin K, Volkov H, Ben-Neriah S, Ligumsky H, Bronfeld S, Keren-Khadmy N, Giladi M, Shomron N, Wolf I, Rubinek T. Revealing the tumor suppressive sequence within KL1 domain of the hormone Klotho. Oncogene 2024; 43:354-362. [PMID: 38040805 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Klotho, a 1012 amino acid transmembrane protein, is a potent tumor suppressor in different cancer types. Klotho is composed of two internal repeats KL1 and KL2, and the tumor suppressor activity is primarily attributed to the KL1 domain. Despite its significant role in regulating various cancer-related pathways, the precise mechanism underlying its tumor suppressor activity remains unresolved. In this study, we aimed to identify the sequence responsible for the tumor suppressor function of Klotho and gain insights into its mechanism of action. To accomplish this, we generated expression vectors of truncated KL1 at the C and N-terminal regions and evaluated their ability to inhibit the colony formation of several cancer cell lines. Our findings demonstrated that truncated KL1 1-340 (KL340) effectively inhibited colony formation similar to KL1, while truncated KL1 1-320 (KL320) lost this activity. Furthermore, this correlated with the inhibitory effect of KL1 and KL340 on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, whereas KL320 had no effect. Transcriptomic analysis of MCF-7 cells expressing the constructs revealed enriched pathways associated with tumor suppressor activity in KL1 and KL340. Interestingly, the α-fold predictor tool highlighted distinct differences in the α and β sheets of the TIM barrel fold of the truncated Klotho constructs, adding to our understanding of their structural variations. In summary, this study identified the 340 N-terminal amino acids as the sequence that possesses Klotho's tumor suppressor activity and reveals a critical role in the 320-340 sequence for this function. It also provides a foundation for the development of Klotho-based therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marana Abboud
- The Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | - Hadas Volkov
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics at Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Ben-Neriah
- The Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagai Ligumsky
- The Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarai Bronfeld
- The Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Keren-Khadmy
- The Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Giladi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Internal Medicine Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics at Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Wolf
- The Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tami Rubinek
- The Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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9
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Ozbek L, Mutlu A, Cejka D, Ciceri P, Cozzolino M, Haarhaus ML. Klotho: a potential therapeutic target in aging and neurodegeneration beyond chronic kidney disease-a comprehensive review from the ERA CKD-MBD working group. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad276. [PMID: 38213484 PMCID: PMC10783249 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Klotho, a multifunctional protein, acts as a co-receptor in fibroblast growth factor 23 and exerts its impact through various molecular pathways, including Wnt, hypoxia-inducible factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 pathways. The physiological significance of Klotho is the regulation of vitamin D and phosphate metabolism as well as serving as a vital component in aging and neurodegeneration. The role of Klotho in aging and neurodegeneration in particular has gained considerable attention. In this narrative review we highlight several key insights into the molecular basis and physiological function of Klotho and synthesize current research on the role of Klotho in neurodegeneration and aging. Klotho deficiency was associated with cognitive impairment, reduced growth, diminished longevity and the development of age-related diseases in vivo. Serum Klotho levels showed a decline in individuals with advanced age and those affected by chronic kidney disease, establishing its potential diagnostic significance. Additionally, multiple medications have been demonstrated to influence Klotho levels. Therefore, this comprehensive review suggests that Klotho could open the door to novel interventions aimed at addressing the challenges of aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lasin Ozbek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel Cejka
- Department of Medicine III – Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, Rheumatology, Geriatrics, Ordensklinikum Linz – Elisabethinen Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Paola Ciceri
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mathias Loberg Haarhaus
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Luthra NS, Christou DD, Clow A, Corcos DM. Targeting neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson's disease with exercise. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1228444. [PMID: 37746149 PMCID: PMC10514367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1228444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a prevalent and complex age-related neurodegenerative condition for which there are no disease-modifying treatments currently available. The pathophysiological process underlying PD remains incompletely understood but increasing evidence points to multiple system dysfunction. Interestingly, the past decade has produced evidence that exercise not only reduces signs and symptoms of PD but is also potentially neuroprotective. Characterizing the mechanistic pathways that are triggered by exercise and lead to positive outcomes will improve understanding of how to counter disease progression and symptomatology. In this review, we highlight how exercise regulates the neuroendocrine system, whose primary role is to respond to stress, maintain homeostasis and improve resilience to aging. We focus on a group of hormones - cortisol, melatonin, insulin, klotho, and vitamin D - that have been shown to associate with various non-motor symptoms of PD, such as mood, cognition, and sleep/circadian rhythm disorder. These hormones may represent important biomarkers to track in clinical trials evaluating effects of exercise in PD with the aim of providing evidence that patients can exert some behavioral-induced control over their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijee S. Luthra
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Demetra D. Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Angela Clow
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Puddu A, Maggi DC. Klotho: A new therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy? World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1027-1036. [PMID: 37547589 PMCID: PMC10401458 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho (Kl) is considered an antiaging gene, mainly for the inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling. Kl exists as full-length transmembrane, which acts as co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor receptor, and in soluble forms (sKl). The sKl may exert pleiotropic effects on organs and tissues by regulating several pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with oxidative and inflammatory state. In diabetic Patients, serum levels of Kl are significantly decreased compared to healthy subjects, and are related to duration of diabetes. In diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, serum Kl levels are negatively correlated with progression of the disease. A lot of evidences showed that Kl regulates several mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis and functions of retinal cells, including phagocytosis, calcium signaling, secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), maintenance of redox status, and melanin biosynthesis. Experimental data have been shown that Kl exerts positive effects on several mechanisms involved in onset and progression of DR. In particular, treatment with Kl: (1) Prevents apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in human retinal endothelial cells and in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells; (2) reduces secretion of VEGF-A by RPE cells; and (3) decreases subretinal fibrosis and preserves autophagic activity. Therefore, Kl may become a novel biomarker and a good candidate for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Puddu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Davide Carlo Maggi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
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12
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Thomas SM, Li Q, Faul C. Fibroblast growth factor 23, klotho and heparin. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:313-323. [PMID: 37195242 PMCID: PMC10241433 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism by targeting the kidney. When highly elevated, such as in chronic kidney disease (CKD), FGF23 can also target the heart and induce pathologic remodeling. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underlie the physiologic and pathologic actions of FGF23, with focus on its FGF receptors (FGFR) and co-receptors. RECENT FINDINGS Klotho is a transmembrane protein that acts as an FGFR co-receptor for FGF23 on physiologic target cells. Klotho also exists as a circulating variant, and recent studies suggested that soluble klotho (sKL) can mediate FGF23 effects in cells that do not express klotho. Furthermore, it has been assumed that the actions of FGF23 do not require heparan sulfate (HS), a proteoglycan that acts as a co-receptor for other FGF isoforms. However, recent studies revealed that HS can be part of the FGF23:FGFR signaling complex and modulate FGF23-induced effects. SUMMARY sKL and HS have appeared as circulating FGFR co-receptors that modulate the actions of FGF23. Experimental studies suggest that sKL protects from and HS accelerates CKD-associated heart injury. However, the in vivo relevance of these findings is still speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madison Thomas
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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13
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Luo ZH, Ma JX, Zhang W, Tian AX, Gong SW, Li Y, Lai YX, Ma XL. Alterations in the microenvironment and the effects produced of TRPV5 in osteoporosis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:327. [PMID: 37198647 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis involves multiple factors, among which alterations in the bone microenvironment play a crucial role in disrupting normal bone metabolic balance. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5), a member of the TRPV family, is an essential determinant of the bone microenvironment, acting at multiple levels to influence its properties. TRPV5 exerts a pivotal influence on bone through the regulation of calcium reabsorption and transportation while also responding to steroid hormones and agonists. Although the metabolic consequences of osteoporosis, such as loss of bone calcium, reduced mineralization capacity, and active osteoclasts, have received significant attention, this review focuses on the changes in the osteoporotic microenvironment and the specific effects of TRPV5 at various levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Heng Luo
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xiong Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xue Yuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Xian Tian
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Wei Gong
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiao Lai
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xue Yuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Long Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Ai Y, Qian X, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang T, Chao Y, Zhao Y. Uncovering early transcriptional regulation during adventitious root formation in Medicago sativa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:176. [PMID: 37016323 PMCID: PMC10074720 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as an important legume plant can quickly produce adventitious roots (ARs) to form new plants by cutting. But the regulatory mechanism of AR formation in alfalfa remains unclear. RESULTS To better understand the rooting process of alfalfa cuttings, plant materials from four stages, including initial separation stage (C stage), induction stage (Y stage), AR primordium formation stage (P stage) and AR maturation stage (S stage) were collected and used for RNA-Seq. Meanwhile, three candidate genes (SAUR, VAN3 and EGLC) were selected to explore their roles in AR formation. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Y-vs-C (9,724) and P-vs-Y groups (6,836) were larger than that of S-vs-P group (150), indicating highly active in the early AR formation during the complicated development process. Pathways related to cell wall and sugar metabolism, root development, cell cycle, stem cell, and protease were identified, indicating that these genes were involved in AR production. A large number of hormone-related genes associated with the formation of alfalfa ARs have also been identified, in which auxin, ABA and brassinosteroids are thought to play key regulatory roles. Comparing with TF database, it was found that AP2/ERF-ERF, bHLH, WRKY, NAC, MYB, C2H2, bZIP, GRAS played a major regulatory role in the production of ARs of alfalfa. Furthermore, three identified genes showed significant promotion effect on AR formation. CONCLUSIONS Stimulation of stem basal cells in alfalfa by cutting induced AR production through the regulation of various hormones, transcription factors and kinases. This study provides new insights of AR formation in alfalfa and enriches gene resources in crop planting and cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ai
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xu Qian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuehui Chao
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Ministry of Education, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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15
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Walker V, Vuister GW. Biochemistry and pathophysiology of the Transient Potential Receptor Vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) calcium channel. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 113:43-100. [PMID: 36858649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TRPV6 is a Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) cation channel with high selectivity for Ca2+ ions. First identified in 1999 in a search for the gene which mediates intestinal Ca2+ absorption, its far more extensive repertoire as a guardian of intracellular Ca2+ has since become apparent. Studies on TRPV6-deficient mice demonstrated additional important roles in placental Ca2+ transport, fetal bone development and male fertility. The first reports of inherited deficiency in newborn babies appeared in 2018, revealing its physiological importance in humans. There is currently strong evidence that TRPV6 also contributes to the pathogenesis of some common cancers. The recently reported association of TRPV6 deficiency with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis suggests a role in normal pancreatic function. Over time and with greater awareness of TRPV6, other disease-associations are likely to emerge. Powerful analytical tools have provided invaluable insights into the structure and operation of TRPV6. Its roles in Ca2+ signaling and carcinogenesis, and the use of channel inhibitors in cancer treatment are being intensively investigated. This review first briefly describes the biochemistry and physiology of the channel, and analytical methods used to investigate these. The focus subsequently shifts to the clinical disorders associated with abnormal expression and the underlying pathophysiology. The aims of this review are to increase awareness of this channel, and to draw together findings from a wide range of sources which may help to formulate new ideas for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Geerten W Vuister
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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16
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Haustrate A, Mihalache A, Cordier C, Gosset P, Prevarskaya N, Lehen’kyi V. A Novel Anti-TRPV6 Antibody and Its Application in Cancer Diagnosis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010419. [PMID: 36613866 PMCID: PMC9820453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the first discovery of TRPV6 channel expression in various tissues took place in the early 2000s, reliable tools for its protein detection in various cells and tissues are still missing. Here we show the generation and validation of rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPV6 channel antibodies (rb79-82) against four epitopes of 15 amino acids. Among them, only one antibody, rb79, was capable of detecting the full-length glycosylated form of the TRPV6 channel at around 100 kDa. The generated antibody was shown to be suitable for all in vitro applications, such as immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, etc. One of the most important applications is immunohistochemistry using the paraffin-embedded sections from cancer resection specimens. Using prostate cancer resection specimens, we have confirmed the absence of the TRPV6 protein in both healthy and benign hyperplasia, as well as its expression and correlation to the prostate cancer grades. Thus, the generated rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPV6 channel antibody rb79 is suitable for all in vitro diagnostic applications and particularly for the diagnosis in clinics using paraffin-embedded sections from patients suffering from various diseases and disorders involving the TRPV6 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Haustrate
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- FONDATION ARC, 9 rue Guy Môquet, 94830 Villejuif, France
| | - Adriana Mihalache
- Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Clément Cordier
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - V’yacheslav Lehen’kyi
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- FONDATION ARC, 9 rue Guy Môquet, 94830 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-2033-7078
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17
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Luthra NS, Clow A, Corcos DM. The Interrelated Multifactorial Actions of Cortisol and Klotho: Potential Implications in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1695. [PMID: 36552155 PMCID: PMC9775285 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex, multilayered, and not fully understood, resulting in a lack of effective disease-modifying treatments for this prevalent neurodegenerative condition. Symptoms of PD are heterogenous, including motor impairment as well as non-motor symptoms such as depression, cognitive impairment, and circadian disruption. Aging and stress are important risk factors for PD, leading us to explore pathways that may either accelerate or protect against cellular aging and the detrimental effects of stress. Cortisol is a much-studied hormone that can disrupt mitochondrial function and increase oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are recognized as key underlying disease mechanisms in PD. The more recently discovered klotho protein, considered a general aging-suppressor, has a similarly wide range of actions but in the opposite direction to cortisol: promoting mitochondrial function while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Both hormones also converge on pathways of vitamin D metabolism and insulin resistance, also implicated to play a role in PD. Interestingly, aging, stress and PD associate with an increase in cortisol and decrease in klotho, while physical exercise and certain genetic variations lead to a decrease in cortisol response and increased klotho. Here, we review the interrelated opposite actions of cortisol and klotho in the pathogenesis of PD. Together they impact powerful and divergent mechanisms that may go on to influence PD-related symptoms. Better understanding of these hormones in PD would facilitate the design of effective interventions that can simultaneously impact the multiple systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijee S. Luthra
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94127, USA
| | - Angela Clow
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
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18
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Grøntvedt GR, Sando SB, Lauridsen C, Bråthen G, White LR, Salvesen Ø, Aarsland D, Hessen E, Fladby T, Waterloo K, Scheffler K. Association of Klotho Protein Levels and KL-VS Heterozygosity With Alzheimer Disease and Amyloid and Tau Burden. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2243232. [PMID: 36413367 PMCID: PMC9682425 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Identification of proteins and genetic factors that reduce Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology is of importance when searching for novel AD treatments. Heterozygosity of the KL-VS haplotype has been associated with reduced amyloid and tau burden. Whether this association is mediated by the Klotho protein remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To assess concentrations of Klotho in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma among cognitively healthy controls and patients with AD and to correlate these findings with KL-VS heterozygosity status and amyloid and tau burden. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study combined 2 independent case-control AD cohorts consisting of 243 referred patients with AD and volunteer controls recruited from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Klotho levels were measured in CSF and plasma and correlated with KL-VS heterozygosity status and levels of CSF amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), total tau, and phosphorylated tau. Statistical analysis was performed from January 1, 2021, to March 1, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Associations of Klotho levels in CSF and plasma with levels of CSF biomarkers were analyzed using linear regression. Association analyses were stratified separately by clinical groups, APOE4 status, and KL-VS heterozygosity. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between CSF and plasma Klotho levels. RESULTS A total of 243 participants were included: 117 controls (45 men [38.5%]; median age, 65 years [range, 41-84 years]), 102 patients with mild cognitive impairment due to AD (AD-MCI; 59 men [57.8%]; median age, 66 years [range, 46-80 years]), and 24 patients with dementia due to AD (AD-dementia; 12 men [50.0%]; median age, 64.5 years [range, 54-75 years]). Median CSF Klotho levels were higher in controls (1236.4 pg/mL [range, 20.4-1726.3 pg/mL]; β = 0.103; 95% CI, 0.023-0.183; P = .01) and patients with AD-MCI (1188.1 pg/mL [range, 756.3-1810.3 pg/mL]; β = 0.095; 95% CI, 0.018-0.172; P = .02) compared with patients with AD-dementia (1073.3 pg/mL [range, 698.2-1661.4 pg/mL]). Higher levels of CSF Klotho were associated with lower CSF Aβ42 burden (β = 0.519; 95% CI, 0.201-0.836; P < .001) and tau burden (CSF total tau levels: β = -0.884; 95% CI, 0.223 to -0.395; P < .001; CSF phosphorylated tau levels: β = -0.672; 95% CI, -1.022 to -0.321; P < .001) independent of clinical, KL-VS heterozygosity, or APOE4 status. There was a weak correlation between Klotho CSF and plasma levels among the entire cohort (Pearson correlation r = 0.377; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this case-control study suggest that Klotho protein levels were associated with clinical stages of AD, cognitive decline, and amyloid and tau burden and that these outcomes were more clearly mediated by the protein directly rather than the KL-VS heterozygosity variant. When selecting individuals at risk for clinical trials, the Klotho protein level and not only the genetic profile should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gøril Rolfseng Grøntvedt
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid Botne Sando
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Lauridsen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda R. White
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Salvesen
- Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Hessen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Waterloo
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katja Scheffler
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway
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Vitamin D and the Kidney: Two Players, One Console. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169135. [PMID: 36012412 PMCID: PMC9409427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D belongs to the group of liposoluble steroids mainly involved in bone metabolism by modulating calcium and phosphorus absorption or reabsorption at various levels, as well as parathyroid hormone production. Recent evidence has shown the extra-bone effects of vitamin D, including glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular protection, and anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. This narrative review provides an overall view of vitamin D’s role in different settings, with a special focus on chronic kidney disease and kidney transplant.
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20
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Yanucil C, Kentrup D, Campos I, Czaya B, Heitman K, Westbrook D, Osis G, Grabner A, Wende AR, Vallejo J, Wacker MJ, Navarro-Garcia JA, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Zhang F, Song Y, Linhardt RJ, White K, Kapiloff M, Faul C. Soluble α-klotho and heparin modulate the pathologic cardiac actions of fibroblast growth factor 23 in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:261-279. [PMID: 35513125 PMCID: PMC9329240 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a phosphate-regulating hormone that is elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease and associated with cardiovascular mortality. Experimental studies showed that elevated FGF23 levels induce cardiac hypertrophy by targeting cardiac myocytes via FGF receptor isoform 4 (FGFR4). A recent structural analysis revealed that the complex of FGF23 and FGFR1, the physiologic FGF23 receptor in the kidney, includes soluble α-klotho (klotho) and heparin, which both act as co-factors for FGF23/FGFR1 signaling. Here, we investigated whether soluble klotho, a circulating protein with cardio-protective properties, and heparin, a factor that is routinely infused into patients with kidney failure during the hemodialysis procedure, regulate FGF23/FGFR4 signaling and effects in cardiac myocytes. We developed a plate-based binding assay to quantify affinities of specific FGF23/FGFR interactions and found that soluble klotho and heparin mediate FGF23 binding to distinct FGFR isoforms. Heparin specifically mediated FGF23 binding to FGFR4 and increased FGF23 stimulatory effects on hypertrophic growth and contractility in isolated cardiac myocytes. When repetitively injected into two different mouse models with elevated serum FGF23 levels, heparin aggravated cardiac hypertrophy. We also developed a novel procedure for the synthesis and purification of recombinant soluble klotho, which showed anti-hypertrophic effects in FGF23-treated cardiac myocytes. Thus, soluble klotho and heparin act as independent FGF23 co-receptors with opposite effects on the pathologic actions of FGF23, with soluble klotho reducing and heparin increasing FGF23-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Hence, whether heparin injections during hemodialysis in patients with extremely high serum FGF23 levels contribute to their high rates of cardiovascular events and mortality remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Yanucil
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dominik Kentrup
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isaac Campos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brian Czaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kylie Heitman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David Westbrook
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gunars Osis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexander Grabner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam R. Wende
- Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julian Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Michael J. Wacker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jose Alberto Navarro-Garcia
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Yuefan Song
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth White
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael Kapiloff
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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21
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Hou Z, Ding Q, Li Y, Zhao Z, Yan F, Li Y, Wang X, Xu J, Chen W, Wu G, Ruan X, Zhao L. Intestinal epithelial β Klotho is a critical protective factor in alcohol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and liver injury. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104181. [PMID: 35908416 PMCID: PMC9352463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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22
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The importance of kidney calcium handling in the homeostasis of extracellular fluid calcium. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:885-900. [PMID: 35842482 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular fluid calcium concentration must be maintained within a narrow range in order to sustain many biological functions, encompassing muscle contraction, blood coagulation, and bone and tooth mineralization. Blood calcium value is critically dependent on the ability of the renal tubule to reabsorb the adequate amount of filtered calcium. Tubular calcium reabsorption is carried out by various and complex mechanisms in 3 distinct segments: the proximal tubule, the cortical thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, and the late distal convoluted/connecting tubule. In addition, calcium reabsorption is tightly controlled by many endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors, as well as by non-hormonal factors, in order to adapt the tubular handling of calcium to the metabolic requirements. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms and factors involved in calcium handling by the kidney and, ultimately, in extracellular calcium homeostasis. The review also highlights some of our gaps in understanding that need to be addressed in the future.
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Khavinson V, Linkova N, Kozhevnikova E, Dyatlova A, Petukhov M. Transport of Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides Using POT and LAT Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147733. [PMID: 35887081 PMCID: PMC9323678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrashort peptides (USPs), consisting of 2–7 amino-acid residues, are a group of signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis under normal conditions in various diseases and ageing. USPs serve as a basis for the development of drugs with a targeted mechanism of action. The purpose of this review is to systematize the available data on USP transport involving POT and LAT transporters in various organs and tissues under normal, pathological and ageing conditions. The carriers of the POT family (PEPT1, PEPT2, PHT1, PHT2) transport predominantly di- and tripeptides into the cell. Methods of molecular modeling and physicochemistry have demonstrated the ability of LAT1 to transfer not only amino acids but also some di- and tripeptides into the cell and out of it. LAT1 and 2 are involved in the regulation of the antioxidant, endocrine, immune and nervous systems’ functions. Analysis of the above data allows us to conclude that, depending on their structure, di- and tripeptides can be transported into the cells of various tissues by POT and LAT transporters. This mechanism is likely to underlie the tissue specificity of peptides, their geroprotective action and effectiveness in the case of neuroimmunoendocrine system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Khavinson
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.K.); (A.D.)
- Group of Peptide Regulation of Aging, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-(921)-9110800
| | - Natalia Linkova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.K.); (A.D.)
- The Laboratory “Problems of Aging”, Belgorod National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kozhevnikova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Anastasiia Dyatlova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Mikhael Petukhov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named after B.P. Konstantinov, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia;
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Group of Biophysics, Higher Engineering and Technical School, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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24
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New concepts in regulation and function of the FGF23. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00844-x. [PMID: 35708778 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to the regulation of calcium homeostasis, which has been widely studied over the last several decades, phosphate homeostasis is little understood. The parathyroid hormone (PTH)/vitamin D axis has traditionally been used as a conceptual framework for understanding mineral metabolism. Recently, the fundamental regulator of phosphate homeostasis, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which is produced by osteocytes and is involved in the hormonal bone-parathyroid-kidney axis, has attracted more attention. The secretion of FGF23 is controlled by diet, serum phosphate levels, PTH, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. FGF-23, the FGF receptors and the obligate co-receptor α-Klotho work in concert to affect FGF-23 actions on targeted organs. Despite all efforts to investigate pleotropic effects of FGF23 in various endocrine organs, many aspects of the regulation and functions of FGF23 and the exact crosstalk among FGF23, serum phosphate, calcium, PTH, and vitamin D in the regulation of mineral homeostasis remain unclear; much efforts need to be established before it can be moved toward therapeutic applications. In this regard, we provide a brief overview of the novel findings in the regulation and function of FGF23 and refer to related questions and hypotheses not answered yet, which can be a window for future projects. We also focus on the current knowledge about the role of FGF23 obtained from our researches in recent years.
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Chinigò G, Grolez GP, Audero M, Bokhobza A, Bernardini M, Cicero J, Toillon RA, Bailleul Q, Visentin L, Ruffinatti FA, Brysbaert G, Lensink MF, De Ruyck J, Cantelmo AR, Fiorio Pla A, Gkika D. TRPM8-Rap1A Interaction Sites as Critical Determinants for Adhesion and Migration of Prostate and Other Epithelial Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2261. [PMID: 35565390 PMCID: PMC9102551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the TRPM8 channel plays an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, by impairing the motility of these cancer cells. Here, we reveal a novel facet of PCa motility control via direct protein-protein interaction (PPI) of the channel with the small GTPase Rap1A. The functional interaction of the two proteins was assessed by active Rap1 pull-down assays and live-cell imaging experiments. Molecular modeling analysis allowed the identification of four putative residues involved in TRPM8-Rap1A interaction. Point mutations of these sites impaired PPI as shown by GST-pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and PLA experiments and revealed their key functional role in the adhesion and migration of PC3 prostate cancer cells. More precisely, TRPM8 inhibits cell migration and adhesion by trapping Rap1A in its GDP-bound inactive form, thus preventing its activation at the plasma membrane. In particular, residues E207 and Y240 in the sequence of TRPM8 and Y32 in that of Rap1A are critical for the interaction between the two proteins not only in PC3 cells but also in cervical (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. This study deepens our knowledge of the mechanism through which TRPM8 would exert a protective role in cancer progression and provides new insights into the possible use of TRPM8 as a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Chinigò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Guillaume P. Grolez
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Madelaine Audero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Alexandre Bokhobza
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Michela Bernardini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Julien Cicero
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020-UMR 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.C.); (R.-A.T.)
- UR 2465—Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University of Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020-UMR 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.C.); (R.-A.T.)
| | - Quentin Bailleul
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Luca Visentin
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Guillaume Brysbaert
- CNRS UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.B.); (M.F.L.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Marc F. Lensink
- CNRS UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.B.); (M.F.L.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Jerome De Ruyck
- CNRS UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.B.); (M.F.L.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Anna Rita Cantelmo
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Dimitra Gkika
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020-UMR 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.C.); (R.-A.T.)
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
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Khattar V, Wang L, Peng JB. Calcium selective channel TRPV6: Structure, function, and implications in health and disease. Gene 2022; 817:146192. [PMID: 35031425 PMCID: PMC8950124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-selective channel TRPV6 (Transient Receptor Potential channel family, Vanilloid subfamily member 6) belongs to the TRP family of cation channels and plays critical roles in transcellular calcium (Ca2+) transport, reuptake of Ca2+ into cells, and maintaining a local low Ca2+ environment for certain biological processes. Recent crystal and cryo-electron microscopy-based structures of TRPV6 have revealed mechanistic insights on how the protein achieves Ca2+ selectivity, permeation, and inactivation by calmodulin. The TRPV6 protein is expressed in a range of epithelial tissues such as the intestine, kidney, placenta, epididymis, and exocrine glands such as the pancreas, prostate and salivary, sweat, and mammary glands. The TRPV6 gene is a direct transcriptional target of the active form of vitamin D and is efficiently regulated to meet the body's need for Ca2+ demand. In addition, TRPV6 is also regulated by the level of dietary Ca2+ and under physiological conditions such as pregnancy and lactation. Genetic models of loss of function in TRPV6 display hypercalciuria, decreased bone marrow density, deficient weight gain, reduced fertility, and in some cases alopecia. The models also reveal that the channel plays an indispensable role in maintaining maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport and low Ca2+ environment in the epididymal lumen that is critical for male fertility. Most recently, loss of function mutations in TRPV6 gene is linked to transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism and early onset chronic pancreatitis. TRPV6 is overexpressed in a wide range of human malignancies and its upregulation is strongly correlated to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor survival in selected cancers. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the expression, structure, biophysical properties, function, polymorphisms, and regulation of TRPV6. The aberrant expression, polymorphisms, and dysfunction of this protein linked to human diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Khattar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Fakhar M, Najumuddin, Zahid S, Rashid S. Structural basis of Klotho binding to VEGFR2 and TRPC1 and repurposing calcium channel blockers as TRPC1 antagonists for the treatment of age-related cardiac hypertrophy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 719:109171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Regulation of Aging and Longevity by Ion Channels and Transporters. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071180. [PMID: 35406743 PMCID: PMC8997527 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie age-related physiological decline, our ability to translate these insights into actionable strategies to extend human healthspan has been limited. One of the major reasons for the existence of this barrier is that with a few important exceptions, many of the proteins that mediate aging have proven to be undruggable. The argument put forth here is that the amenability of ion channels and transporters to pharmacological manipulation could be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat aging. This review delves into the established roles for ion channels and transporters in the regulation of aging and longevity via their influence on membrane excitability, Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial and endolysosomal function, and the transduction of sensory stimuli. The goal is to provide the reader with an understanding of emergent themes, and prompt further investigation into how the activities of ion channels and transporters sculpt the trajectories of cellular and organismal aging.
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S-Klotho level and physiological markers of cardiometabolic risk in healthy adult men. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:708-727. [PMID: 35093938 PMCID: PMC8833136 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
S-Klotho is perceived as a biomarker of healthy aging that has been shown to be inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk in elderly individuals. The aim of this study was to test if s-Klotho level is associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in younger healthy men in order to verify the possible role of s-Klotho level as an early marker of cardiometabolic risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 186 healthy men (Mage=35.33, SDage=3.47) from a Western urban population. Serum basal levels of s-Klotho, lipid profile, homocysteine, glycemia markers, C-reactive protein, liver transaminases and creatinine were evaluated. Also, blood pressure was measured and cardiometabolic risk score and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Testosterone and cortisol levels, self-reported psychological stress, physical activity, smoking in the past, alcohol use and body adiposity were controlled for. We found no relationship between levels of s-Klotho and physiological markers of cardiometabolic risk in the studied population. The results were similar when controlled for adiposity, testosterone level, physical activity, alcohol use and smoking in the past. We suggest that s-Klotho level is not an early marker of cardiometabolic risk in younger middle-aged healthy men.
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Kurysheva NI. [Neuroprotective properties of latanoprost]. Vestn Oftalmol 2022; 138:126-134. [PMID: 36004601 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2022138041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Latanoprost - an ester prodrug of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) - was the first prostaglandin analogue used to treat glaucoma. The review shows that latanoprost possesses direct neuroprotective properties such as blocking the entry of calcium ions into neurons and inhibiting the action of caspase-3, inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase and activation of polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) and Klotho protein. It is emphasized that when the drug is instilled into the eye, the concentration of the drug inside the vitreous body is twice as high as what is required to ensure the survival of retinal ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Kurysheva
- Medical and Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education of the State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
- Ophthalmological Center of the State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
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Franco ML, Beyerstedt S, Rangel ÉB. Klotho and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review on Cell and Gene Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010011. [PMID: 35056905 PMCID: PMC8778857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are public health problems, and their prevalence rates have increased with the aging of the population. They are associated with the presence of comorbidities, in particular diabetes mellitus and hypertension, resulting in a high financial burden for the health system. Studies have indicated Klotho as a promising therapeutic approach for these conditions. Klotho reduces inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis and counter-regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In CKD and AKI, Klotho expression is downregulated from early stages and correlates with disease progression. Therefore, the restoration of its levels, through exogenous or endogenous pathways, has renoprotective effects. An important strategy for administering Klotho is through mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In summary, this review comprises in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic potential of Klotho for the treatment of CKD and AKI through the administration of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Liciani Franco
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Stephany Beyerstedt
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Érika Bevilaqua Rangel
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04038-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-2148
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Arbel Rubinstein T, Reuveni I, Hesin A, Klein-Goldberg A, Olauson H, Larsson TE, Abraham CR, Zeldich E, Bosch A, Chillón M, Hollander KS, Shabtay-Orbach A, Vainer GW, Wolf I, Rubinek T. A Transgenic Model Reveals the Role of Klotho in Pancreatic Cancer Development and Paves the Way for New Klotho-Based Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246297. [PMID: 34944918 PMCID: PMC8699737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We aimed to study the role of the anti-aging protein klotho and its secreted isoform, sKL, in pancreatic cancer. Three in vivo models, including a novel genetic mouse model and bioinformatics analyses, indicated klotho as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and unveiled a unique klotho DNA hypermethylation pattern in pancreatic tumors. These results possess significant prognostic value, and further suggest that sKL may serve as a therapeutic agent for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Abstract Klotho is an anti-aging transmembrane protein, which can be shed and can function as a hormone. Accumulating data indicate that klotho is a tumor suppressor in a wide array of malignancies, and designate the subdomain KL1 as the active region of the protein towards this activity. We aimed to study the role of klotho as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Bioinformatics analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets revealed a correlation between the survival of PDAC patients, levels of klotho expression, and DNA methylation, and demonstrated a unique hypermethylation pattern of klotho in pancreatic tumors. The in vivo effects of klotho and KL1 were examined using three mouse models. Employing a novel genetic model, combining pancreatic klotho knockdown with a mutation in Kras, the lack of klotho contributed to PDAC generation and decreased mousece survival. In a xenograft model, administration of viral particles carrying sKL, a spliced klotho isoform containing the KL1 domain, inhibited pancreatic tumors. Lastly, treatment with soluble sKL prolonged survival of Pdx1-Cre; KrasG12D/+;Trp53R172H/+ (KPC) mice, a model known to recapitulate human PDAC. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that klotho is a tumor suppressor in PDAC. Furthermore, these data suggest that the levels of klotho expression and DNA methylation could have prognostic value in PDAC patients, and that administration of exogenous sKL may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammi Arbel Rubinstein
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; (T.A.R.); (I.R.); (A.H.); (A.K.-G.); (K.S.H.); (A.S.-O.); (I.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Inbal Reuveni
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; (T.A.R.); (I.R.); (A.H.); (A.K.-G.); (K.S.H.); (A.S.-O.); (I.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Arkadi Hesin
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; (T.A.R.); (I.R.); (A.H.); (A.K.-G.); (K.S.H.); (A.S.-O.); (I.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Anat Klein-Goldberg
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; (T.A.R.); (I.R.); (A.H.); (A.K.-G.); (K.S.H.); (A.S.-O.); (I.W.)
| | - Hannes Olauson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.O.); (T.E.L.)
| | - Tobias E. Larsson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.O.); (T.E.L.)
- Department of Nephrology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmela R. Abraham
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.R.A.); (E.Z.)
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Klogenix Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA 02116, USA; (A.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Ella Zeldich
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.R.A.); (E.Z.)
- Klogenix Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA 02116, USA; (A.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Assumpció Bosch
- Klogenix Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA 02116, USA; (A.B.); (M.C.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta UAB-VHIR, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Chillón
- Klogenix Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA 02116, USA; (A.B.); (M.C.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta UAB-VHIR, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Institut Catalan Recerca Avançada, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenneth Samuel Hollander
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; (T.A.R.); (I.R.); (A.H.); (A.K.-G.); (K.S.H.); (A.S.-O.); (I.W.)
| | - Ayelet Shabtay-Orbach
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; (T.A.R.); (I.R.); (A.H.); (A.K.-G.); (K.S.H.); (A.S.-O.); (I.W.)
| | - Gilad W. Vainer
- Pathology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel;
| | - Ido Wolf
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; (T.A.R.); (I.R.); (A.H.); (A.K.-G.); (K.S.H.); (A.S.-O.); (I.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tami Rubinek
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; (T.A.R.); (I.R.); (A.H.); (A.K.-G.); (K.S.H.); (A.S.-O.); (I.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-527466151
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Yu T, Dou C, Lu Y, Duan L, Tan J, Li J, Kang F, Dong S, Bai Y, Xu J. Klotho upregulates the interaction between RANK and TRAF6 to facilitate RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via the NF-κB signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1499. [PMID: 34805361 PMCID: PMC8573428 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background α-Klotho (Klotho) plays a wide range of roles in pathophysiological processes, such as low-turnover osteoporosis observed in klotho mutant mice (kl/kl mice). However, the precise function and underlying mechanism of klotho during osteoclastogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of klotho on osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Methods The effects of klotho deficiency on osteoclastogenesis were explored using kl/kl mice both in vivo and in vitro. In in vitro experiments, lentivirus transfection, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis, western blot analysis, immunostaining, RNA-seq analysis, differential pathway analysis, Energy-based protein docking analysis and co-immunoprecipitation were used for deeply investigating the effects of klotho on RANKL-induced Osteoclastogenesis and the underlying mechanism. Results We found that klotho deficiency impaired osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, in vitro studies revealed that klotho facilitated osteoclastogenesis and upregulated the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) during osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, we confirmed that klotho co-localized with nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and facilitated the interaction between activated RANK and TNFR-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), thus klotho exerts its function in osteoclastogenesis through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions Klotho promotes RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through upregulating the interaction between RANK and TARF6, Targeting on klotho may be an attractive therapeutic method for osteopenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanzhu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianli Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiulin Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Phosphate, Calcium, and Vitamin D: Key Regulators of Fetal and Placental Development in Mammals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1354:77-107. [PMID: 34807438 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Normal calcium and bone homeostasis in the adult is virtually fully explained by the interactions of several key regulatory hormones, including parathyroid hormone, 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3, fibroblast growth factor-23, calcitonin, and sex steroids (estradiol and testosterone). In utero, bone and mineral metabolism is regulated differently from the adult. During development, it is the placenta and not the fetal kidneys, intestines, or skeleton that is the primary source of minerals for the fetus. The placenta is able to meet the almost inexhaustible needs of the fetus for minerals by actively driving the transport of calcium and phosphorus from the maternal circulation to the growing fetus. These fundamentally important minerals are maintained in the fetal circulation at higher concentrations than those in maternal blood. Maintenance of these inordinately higher fetal levels is necessary for the developing skeleton to accrue sufficient minerals by term. Importantly, in livestock species, prenatal mineralization of the skeleton is crucial for the high levels of offspring activity soon after birth. Calcium is required for mineralization, as well as a plethora of other physiological functions. Placental calcium and phosphate transport are regulated by several mechanisms that are discussed in this review. It is clear that phosphate and calcium metabolism is intimately interrelated and, therefore, placental transport of these minerals cannot be considered in isolation.
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Khan EA, Cheddani L, Saint-Jacques C, Vargas-Poussou R, Frochot V, Chieze R, Letavernier E, Avellino V, Lionnet F, Haymann JP. Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Homozygous Sickle Cell Patients: A Hemolysis-Mediated Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Phenotype? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215179. [PMID: 34768698 PMCID: PMC8584729 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) has been reported to have a higher prevalence in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, including a high rate of recurrence following surgery. However, most patients are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, with surprisingly infrequent hypercalciuria, raising the issue of renal calcium handling in SCD patients. We conducted a retrospective study including (1) 64 hypercalcemic pHPT non-SCD patients; (2) 177 SCD patients, divided into two groups of 12 hypercalcemic pHPT and 165 non-pHPT; (3) eight patients with a diagnosis of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). Demographic and biological parameters at the time of diagnosis were collected and compared between the different groups. Determinants of fasting fractional excretion of calcium (FeCa2+) were also analyzed in non-pHPT SCD patients. Compared to non-SCD pHPT patients, our data show a similar ionized calcium and PTH concentration, with a lower plasmatic calcitriol concentration and a lower daily urinary calcium excretion in pHPT SCD patients (p < 0.0001 in both cases). Fasting FeCa2+ is also surprisingly low in pHPT SCD patients, and thus inadequate to be considered hypercalcemia, recalling the FHH phenotype. FeCa2+ is also low in the non-pHPT SCD control group, and negatively associated with PTH and hemolytic biomarkers such as LDH and low hemoglobin. Our data suggest that the pHPT biochemical phenotype in SCD patients resembles the FHH phenotype, and the fasting FeCa2+ association with chronic hemolysis biomarkers strengthens the view of a potential pharmacological link between hemolytic by-products and calcium reabsorption, potentially through a decreased calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmat Akhtar Khan
- Service de Néphrologie, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France;
| | - Lynda Cheddani
- Unité HTA, Prévention et Thérapeutique Cardiovasculaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, 75004 Paris, France;
- Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Hôtel-Dieu, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Camille Saint-Jacques
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (C.S.-J.); (V.F.); (R.C.); (E.L.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Rosa Vargas-Poussou
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l’Enfant et de l’Adulte, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Vincent Frochot
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (C.S.-J.); (V.F.); (R.C.); (E.L.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Remi Chieze
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (C.S.-J.); (V.F.); (R.C.); (E.L.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (C.S.-J.); (V.F.); (R.C.); (E.L.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Avellino
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence de la Drépanocytose, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (V.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Francois Lionnet
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence de la Drépanocytose, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (V.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (C.S.-J.); (V.F.); (R.C.); (E.L.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-5601-6771; Fax: +33-1-5601-7003
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Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a worldwide problem with increasing prevalence, enormous costs, and significant morbidity. Calcium-containing kidney stones are by far the most common kidney stones encountered in clinical practice. Consequently, hypercalciuria is the greatest risk factor for kidney stone formation. Hypercalciuria can result from enhanced intestinal absorption, increased bone resorption, or altered renal tubular transport. Kidney stone formation is complex and driven by high concentrations of calcium-oxalate or calcium-phosphate in the urine. After discussing the mechanism mediating renal calcium salt precipitation, we review recent discoveries in renal tubular calcium transport from the proximal tubule, thick ascending limb, and distal convolution. Furthermore, we address how calcium is absorbed from the intestine and mobilized from bone. The effect of acidosis on bone calcium resorption and urinary calcium excretion is also considered. Although recent discoveries provide insight into these processes, much remains to be understood in order to provide improved therapies for hypercalciuria and prevent kidney stone formation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Alexander
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; .,Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - D G Fuster
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Ectodomain shedding by ADAM proteases as a central regulator in kidney physiology and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119165. [PMID: 34699872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Besides its involvement in blood and bone physiology, the kidney's main function is to filter substances and thereby regulate the electrolyte composition of body fluids, acid-base balance and toxin removal. Depending on underlying conditions, the nephron must undergo remodeling and cellular adaptations. The proteolytic removal of cell surface proteins via ectodomain shedding by A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAMs) is of importance for the regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion of renal cells. ADAM10 controls glomerular and tubule development in a Notch1 signaling-dependent manner and regulates brush border composition. ADAM17 regulates the renin angiotensin system and is together with ADAM10 involved in calcium phosphate homeostasis. In kidney disease ADAMs, especially ADAM17 contribute to inflammation through their involvement in IL-6 trans-signaling, Notch-, epithelial growth factor receptor-, and tumor necrosis factor α signaling. ADAMs are interesting drug targets to reduce the inflammatory burden, defective cell adhesion and impaired signaling pathways in kidney diseases.
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Alexander R, Debiec N, Razzaque MS, He P. Inorganic phosphate-induced cytotoxicity. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:117-124. [PMID: 34676972 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate, an essential nutrient, is available in organic and inorganic forms. The balance of phosphate is central for cellular homeostasis through the genomic roles of DNA and RNA synthesis and cell signaling processes. Therefore, an imbalance of this nutrient, manifested, either as a deficiency or excess in phosphate levels, can result in pathology, ranging from cytotoxicity to musculoskeletal defects. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) overdosing can result in a wide spectrum of cytotoxicity processes, as noted in both animal models and human studies. These include rewired cell signaling pathways, impaired bone mineralization, infertility, premature aging, vascular calcification, and renal dysfunction. This article briefly reviews the regulation of phosphate homeostasis and elaborates on cytotoxic effects of excessive Pi, as documented in cell-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Alexander
- Department of Biochemistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas Debiec
- Department of Biochemistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohammad S Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
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Živanović J, Jarić I, Ajdžanović V, Miler M, Stanković S, Milošević V, Filipović B. Genistein regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis without activation of MEK 1/2 signalling pathway in an animal model of the andropause. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151836. [PMID: 34563672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soy isoflavone genistein interplays with numerous physiological or pathophysiological processes during ageing. However, its protective role and underlying mechanisms of action in the regulation of calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (Pi) homeostasis in an animal model of the andropause are yet to be fully clarified. Wistar male rats (16-month-old) were divided into sham-operated, orchidectomized, orchidectomized estradiol-treated (0.625 mg/kg b.m./day) and orchidectomized genistein-treated (30 mg/kg b.m./day) groups. Treatments were administered subcutaneously for 3 weeks, while the controls received vehicle alone. Estradiol treatment increased the expression level of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), and activated mitogen - activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK 1/2) signaling pathway in the kidneys. Genistein application induced a prominent gene and protein expression of Klotho and downregulated the expression of FGFR and PTH1R in the kidney of andropausal rats. Activation of protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway was observed, while MEK 1/2 signaling pathway wasn't altered after genistein treatment. The increase of 25 (OH) vitamin D in the serum and decrease in Ca2+ urine content was observed after genistein application. Our findings strongly suggest genistein as a potent biocompound with beneficial effects on the regulation of Ca2+ and Pi homeostasis, especially during aging process when the balance of mineral metabolism is impaired. These novel data provide closer insights into the physiological roles of genistein in the regulation of mineral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Živanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Jarić
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stanković
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Shin YJ, Lim SW, Cui S, Ko EJ, Chung BH, Kim HL, Riew TR, Lee MY, Yang CW. Tacrolimus Decreases Cognitive Function by Impairing Hippocampal Synaptic Balance: a Possible Role of Klotho. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5954-5970. [PMID: 34435330 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of long-term tacrolimus treatment on cognitive function remains to be elucidated. Using a murine model of chronic tacrolimus neurotoxicity, we evaluated the effects of tacrolimus on cognitive function, synaptic balance, its regulating protein (Klotho), and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Compared to vehicle-treated mice, tacrolimus-treated mice showed significantly decreased hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory function. Furthermore, tacrolimus caused synaptic imbalance, as demonstrated by decreased excitatory synapses and increased inhibitory synapses, and downregulated Klotho in a dose-dependent manner; the downregulation of Klotho was localized to excitatory hippocampal synapses. Moreover, tacrolimus increased oxidative stress and was associated with activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in the hippocampus. These results indicate that tacrolimus impairs cognitive function via synaptic imbalance, and that these processes are associated with Klotho downregulation at synapses through tacrolimus-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Shin
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Transplant Research Center, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Transplant Research Center, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Cui
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Transplant Research Center, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Ko
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Transplant Research Center, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Transplant Research Center, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, Laboratory of Electron Microscope, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Mun Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Transplant Research Center, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Kuro-o M. Klotho and calciprotein particles as therapeutic targets against accelerated ageing. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1915-1927. [PMID: 34374422 PMCID: PMC8355631 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The klotho gene, named after a Greek goddess who spins the thread of life, was identified as a putative 'ageing-suppressor' gene. Klotho-deficient mice exhibit complex ageing-like phenotypes including hypogonadism, arteriosclerosis (vascular calcification), cardiac hypertrophy, osteopenia, sarcopenia, frailty, and premature death. Klotho protein functions as the obligate co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), a bone-derived hormone that promotes urinary phosphate excretion in response to phosphate intake. Thus, Klotho-deficient mice suffer not only from accelerated ageing but also from phosphate retention due to impaired phosphate excretion. Importantly, restoration of the phosphate balance by placing Klotho-deficient mice on low phosphate diet rescued them from premature ageing, leading us to the notion that phosphate accelerates ageing. Because the extracellular fluid is super-saturated in terms of phosphate and calcium ions, an increase in the phosphate concentration can trigger precipitation of calcium-phosphate. In the blood, calcium-phosphate precipitated upon increase in the blood phosphate concentration is adsorbed by serum protein fetuin-A to form colloidal nanoparticles called calciprotein particles (CPPs). In the urine, CPPs appear in the renal tubular fluid when FGF23 increases phosphate load excreted per nephron. CPPs can induce cell damage, ectopic calcification, and inflammatory responses. CPPs in the blood can induce arteriosclerosis and non-infectious chronic inflammation, whereas CPPs in the urine can induce renal tubular damage and interstitial inflammation/fibrosis. Thus, we propose that CPPs behave like a pathogen that accelerates ageing and should be regarded as a novel therapeutic target against age-related disorders including chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kuro-o
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Landry T, Shookster D, Huang H. Circulating α-klotho regulates metabolism via distinct central and peripheral mechanisms. Metabolism 2021; 121:154819. [PMID: 34153302 PMCID: PMC8277751 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates the circulating α-klotho protein as a prominent regulator of energy balance and substrate metabolism, with diverse, tissue-specific functions. Despite its well-documented ubiquitous role inhibiting insulin signaling, α-klotho elicits potent antidiabetic and anti-obesogenic effects. α-Klotho facilitates insulin release and promotes β cell health in the pancreas, stimulates lipid oxidation in liver and adipose tissue, attenuates hepatic gluconeogenesis, and increases whole-body energy expenditure. The mechanisms underlying α-klotho's peripheral functions are multifaceted, including hydrolyzing transient receptor potential channels, stimulating integrin β1➔focal adhesion kinase signaling, and activating PPARα via inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1. Moreover, until recently, potential metabolic roles of α-klotho in the central nervous system remained unexplored; however, a novel α-klotho➔fibroblast growth factor receptor➔PI3kinase signaling axis in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus has been identified as a critical regulator of energy balance and glucose metabolism. Overall, the role of circulating α-klotho in the regulation of metabolism is a new focus of research, but accumulating evidence identifies this protein as an encouraging therapeutic target for Type 1 and 2 Diabetes and obesity. This review analyzes the new literature investigating α-klotho-mediated regulation of metabolism and proposes impactful future directions to progress our understanding of this complex metabolic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Landry
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Shookster
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Hu Huang
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Tang PK, Geddes RF, Jepson RE, Elliott J. A feline-focused review of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders - Part 1: Physiology of calcium handling. Vet J 2021; 275:105719. [PMID: 34311095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mineral derangements are a common consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the well-established role of phosphorus in the pathophysiology of CKD, the implications of calcium disturbances associated with CKD remain equivocal. Calcium plays an essential role in numerous physiological functions in the body and is a fundamental structural component of bone. An understanding of calcium metabolism is required to understand the potential adverse clinical implications and outcomes secondary to the (mal)adaptation of calcium-regulating hormones in CKD. The first part of this two-part review covers the physiology of calcium homeostasis (kidneys, intestines and bones) and details the intimate relationships between calcium-regulating hormones (parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, fibroblast growth factor 23, α-Klotho and calcitonin) and the role of the calcium-sensing receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak-Kan Tang
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.
| | - Rebecca F Geddes
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosanne E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
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KL-VS heterozygosity is associated with lower amyloid-dependent tau accumulation and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3825. [PMID: 34158479 PMCID: PMC8219708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho-VS heterozygosity (KL-VShet) is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, whether KL-VShet is associated with lower levels of pathologic tau, i.e., the key AD pathology driving neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, is unknown. Here, we assessed the interaction between KL-VShet and levels of beta-amyloid, a key driver of tau pathology, on the levels of PET-assessed neurofibrillary tau in 551 controls and patients across the AD continuum. KL-VShet showed lower cross-sectional and longitudinal increase in tau-PET per unit increase in amyloid-PET when compared to that of non-carriers. This association of KL-VShet on tau-PET was stronger in Klotho mRNA-expressing brain regions mapped onto a gene expression atlas. KL-VShet was related to better memory functions in amyloid-positive participants and this association was mediated by lower tau-PET. Amyloid-PET levels did not differ between KL-VShet carriers versus non-carriers. Together, our findings provide evidence to suggest a protective role of KL-VShet against amyloid-related tau pathology and tau-related memory impairments in elderly humans at risk of AD dementia. The KL-VS haplotype of the Klotho gene has been associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Here the authors show an association between the KL-VS haplotype and amyloid-dependent tau accumulation using PET data.
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ARL15 modulates magnesium homeostasis through N-glycosylation of CNNMs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5427-5445. [PMID: 34089346 PMCID: PMC8257531 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin M (CNNM1-4) proteins maintain cellular and body magnesium (Mg2+) homeostasis. Using various biochemical approaches, we have identified members of the CNNM family as direct interacting partners of ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 15 (ARL15), a small GTP-binding protein. ARL15 interacts with CNNMs at their carboxyl-terminal conserved cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domains. In silico modeling of the interaction between CNNM2 and ARL15 supports that the small GTPase specifically binds the CBS1 and CNBH domains. Immunocytochemical experiments demonstrate that CNNM2 and ARL15 co-localize in the kidney, with both proteins showing subcellular localization in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. Most importantly, we found that ARL15 is required for forming complex N-glycosylation of CNNMs. Overexpression of ARL15 promotes complex N-glycosylation of CNNM3. Mg2+ uptake experiments with a stable isotope demonstrate that there is a significant increase of 25Mg2+ uptake upon knockdown of ARL15 in multiple kidney cancer cell lines. Altogether, our results establish ARL15 as a novel negative regulator of Mg2+ transport by promoting the complex N-glycosylation of CNNMs.
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Hanson K, Fisher K, Hooper N. Exploiting the neuroprotective effects of α-klotho to tackle ageing- and neurodegeneration-related cognitive dysfunction. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20200101. [PMID: 34194816 PMCID: PMC8204227 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a key symptom of ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Strategies to enhance cognition would impact the quality of life for a significant proportion of the ageing population. The α-klotho protein may protect against cognitive decline through multiple mechanisms: such as promoting optimal synaptic function via activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signalling; stimulating the antioxidant defence system; reducing inflammation; promoting autophagy and enhancing clearance of amyloid-β. However, the molecular and cellular pathways by which α-klotho mediates these neuroprotective functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Key questions remain unanswered: which form of α-klotho (transmembrane, soluble or secreted) mediates its cognitive enhancing properties; what is the neuronal receptor for α-klotho and which signalling pathways are activated by α-klotho in the brain to enhance cognition; how does peripherally administered α-klotho mediate neuroprotection; and what is the molecular basis for the beneficial effect of the VS variant of α-klotho? In this review, we summarise the recent research on neuronal α-klotho and discuss how the neuroprotective properties of α-klotho could be exploited to tackle age- and neurodegeneration-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hanson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Kate Fisher
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Nigel M. Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance and University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
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Tsuchiya K, Akihisa T. The Importance of Phosphate Control in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051670. [PMID: 34069053 PMCID: PMC8156430 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of problems including osteopathy, abnormal serum data, and vascular calcification associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are now collectively called CKD-mineral bone disease (CKD-MBD). The pathophysiology of CKD-MBD is becoming clear with the emerging of αKlotho, originally identified as a progeria-causing protein, and bone-derived phosphaturic fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) as associated factors. Meanwhile, compared with calcium and parathyroid hormone, which have long been linked with CKD-MBD, phosphate is now attracting more attention because of its association with complications and outcomes. Incidentally, as the pivotal roles of FGF23 and αKlotho in phosphate metabolism have been unveiled, how phosphate metabolism and hyperphosphatemia are involved in CKD-MBD and how they can be clinically treated have become of great interest. Thus, the aim of this review is reconsider CKD-MBD from the viewpoint of phosphorus, its involvement in the pathophysiology, causing complications, therapeutic approach based on the clinical evidence, and clarifying the importance of phosphorus management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Tsuchiya
- Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Taro Akihisa
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;
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Sanz B, Arrieta H, Rezola-Pardo C, Fernández-Atutxa A, Garin-Balerdi J, Arizaga N, Rodriguez-Larrad A, Irazusta J. Low serum klotho concentration is associated with worse cognition, psychological components of frailty, dependence, and falls in nursing home residents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9098. [PMID: 33907242 PMCID: PMC8079365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum alpha-klotho (s-klotho) protein has been linked with lifespan, and low concentrations of s-klotho have been associated with worse physical and cognitive outcomes. Although its significance in aging remains unclear, s-klotho has been proposed as a molecular biomarker of frailty and dependence. This study is a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial performed in a population of 103 older individuals living in 10 nursing homes in Gipuzkoa (Spain). We aimed to elucidate associations between s-klotho (as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and body composition, physical fitness, and cognition, as well as frailty and dependence (determined using validated tests and scales). In addition, we investigated the association of s-klotho concentration with falls in the six months following the initial assessment. Low s-klotho levels were associated with a lower score in the psychological component of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator, a worse score in the Coding Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and a greater dependence in activities of daily living. Moreover, participants with lower s-klotho concentrations suffered more falls during the 6 months after the assessment. Future translational research should aim to validate klotho's putative role as a biomarker that could identify the risk of aging-related adverse events in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Haritz Arrieta
- Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Chloe Rezola-Pardo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Fernández-Atutxa
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Garin-Balerdi
- Caser Residencial Anaka, Fundación Caser, 20301, Irun, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Nagore Arizaga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Donostia University Hospital, 20014, Donostia, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Larrad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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Mohanty SK, Suchiang K. Triiodothyronine (T3) enhances lifespan and protects against oxidative stress via activation of Klotho in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biogerontology 2021; 22:397-413. [PMID: 33851304 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Age predisposes individuals to significant diseases, and the biological processes contributing to aging are currently under intense investigation. Klotho is an anti-aging protein with multifaceted roles and is an essential component of the endocrine fibroblast growth factor. In Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), there are two prospective orthologs of α-Klotho, C50F7.10, and E02H9.5, identified. The two orthologs' products are homologous to the highly conserved KL1 domain of human and mouse Klotho protein. Considering the endocrine system's major involvement in an organism's homeostasis and that thyroid disorders increase with advancing age, the molecular mechanisms underlying its impact on different endocrine components during the aging process remain poorly characterized. In this study, we sought to determine the regulatory role of Triiodothyronine (T3) on homologs genes of klotho and its impact on different parameters of aging in the C. elegans model organism. We showed that T3 could increase the mRNA expressions of the klotho homologous genes in C. elegans. Moreover, T3 could also extend a worm lifespan and modulate oxidative stress resistance and aging biomarkers significantly and positively. Further investigations employing different mutant and transgenic strains reveal that these observed effects are mediated through the EGL-17/EGL-15 pathway via Klotho activation along with the involvement of transcription factor DAF-16. In conclusion, these findings have revealed an unexpected link between T3 and Klotho and how this link can modulate the aging process in C. elegans via activation of klotho. This study will help understand the crosstalk and regulations of different endocrine components and their consequences on the aging process in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswat Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014, India
| | - Kitlangki Suchiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014, India.
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Stenhouse C, Halloran KM, Newton MG, Gaddy D, Suva LJ, Bazer FW. Novel mineral regulatory pathways in ovine pregnancy: II. Calcium-binding proteins, calcium transporters, and vitamin D signaling. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:232-243. [PMID: 33822885 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralization of the fetal mammalian skeleton requires a hypercalcemic gradient across the placenta from mother to fetus. However, the mechanisms responsible for maintaining the placental transport of calcium remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify calcium and vitamin D regulatory pathway components in ovine endometria and placentae across gestation. Suffolk ewes were bred with fertile rams upon detection of estrus (Day 0). On Days 9, 12, 17, 30, 70, 90, 110, and 125 of pregnancy (n=3-14/Day), ewes were euthanized and hysterectomized. Calcium abundance was influenced by gestational day in uterine flushings and allantoic fluid (P<0.05). The expression of S100G, S100A9, S100A12, ATP2B3, ATP2B4, TRPV5, TRPV6, CYP11A1, CYP2R1, CYP24, and VDR mRNAs known to be involved in calcium binding, calcium transport, and vitamin D metabolism were quantified by qPCR. Mediators of calcium and vitamin D signaling were expressed by Day 17 conceptus tissue, and endometria and placentae across gestation. Gestational day influenced the expression of S100G, S100A9, S100A12, TRPV6, VDR, and CYP24 mRNAs in endometria and placentae (P<0.05). Gestational day influenced endometrial expression of ATP2B3, and placental expression of TRPV5, ATP2B4, and CYP11A1 (P<0.05). VDR protein localized to the endoderm and trophectoderm (Day 17 conceptus) and was expressed in endometria and placentae throughout gestation. The observed spatiotemporal profile suggests a potential role of calcium and vitamin D in the establishment of pregnancy and regulation of fetal and placental growth, providing a platform for further mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stenhouse
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Makenzie G Newton
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dana Gaddy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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