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Martínez-Cao C, García-Fernández A, González-Blanco L, Sáiz PA, Bobes J, García-Portilla MP. Anticholinergic load: A commonly neglected and preventable risk to cognition during schizophrenia treatment? Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 37:100317. [PMID: 38745931 PMCID: PMC11092394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is a widespread feature of schizophrenia, affecting nearly 80 % of patients. Prior research has linked the anticholinergic burden of psychiatric medications to these cognitive deficits. However, the impact of the anticholinergic burden from medications for physical morbidity remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the anticholinergic burden of psychiatric and physical medications in patients with schizophrenia and assess its impact on cognitive function. Methods A total of 178 patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The assessments included an ad hoc questionnaire for collecting demographic and clinical data. Anticholinergic burden was evaluated using the cumulative Drug Burden Index (cDBI) for each participant, and cognitive function was assessed using MATRICS. Psychopathology was measured using the PANSS, CDSS, CAINS, and the CGI-S. Statistical analysis included Student's t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions. Results The average cDBI was 1.3 (SD = 0.9). The model developed explained 40.80 % of the variance. The variable with the greatest weight was the cDBI (B = -11.148, p = 0.010). Negative-expression (B = -2.740, p = 0.011) and negative-experiential (B = -1.175, p = 0.030) symptoms were also associated with lower global cognitive score. However, more years of education (B = 5.140, p < 0.001) and cigarettes per day (B = 1.331, p < 0.001) predicted a better global cognitive score. Conclusion This study identified specific predictors of global cognition in schizophrenia, with anticholinergic burden emerging as the strongest factor. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the anticholinergic burden of treatments, in addition to negative symptoms, when designing interventions to optimize or maintain cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Martínez-Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ainoa García-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Pilar A. Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
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Chakraborty S, Lee SK, Arnold SM, Haast RAM, Khan AR, Schmitz TW. Focal acetylcholinergic modulation of the human midcingulo-insular network during attention: Meta-analytic neuroimaging and behavioral evidence. J Neurochem 2024; 168:397-413. [PMID: 37864501 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic neurons provide acetylcholine to the cortex via large projections. Recent molecular imaging work in humans indicates that the cortical cholinergic innervation is not uniformly distributed, but rather may disproportionately innervate cortical areas relevant to supervisory attention. In this study, we therefore reexamined the spatial relationship between acetylcholinergic modulation and attention in the human cortex using meta-analytic strategies targeting both pharmacological and non-pharmacological neuroimaging studies. We found that pharmaco-modulation of acetylcholine evoked both increased activity in the anterior cingulate and decreased activity in the opercular and insular cortex. In large independent meta-analyses of non-pharmacological neuroimaging research, we demonstrate that during attentional engagement these cortical areas exhibit (1) task-related co-activation with the basal forebrain, (2) task-related co-activation with one another, and (3) spatial overlap with dense cholinergic innervations originating from the basal forebrain, as estimated by multimodal positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, we provide meta-analytic evidence that pharmaco-modulation of acetylcholine also induces a speeding of responses to targets with no apparent tradeoff in accuracy. In sum, we demonstrate in humans that acetylcholinergic modulation of midcingulo-insular hubs of the ventral attention/salience network via basal forebrain afferents may coordinate selection of task relevant information, thereby facilitating cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesna Chakraborty
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sun Kyun Lee
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M Arnold
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roy A M Haast
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- CRMBM, CNRS UMR 7339, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Ali R Khan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Karaduman A, Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Adams MM, Kafaligonul H. Passive exposure to visual motion leads to short-term changes in the optomotor response of aging zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114812. [PMID: 38104637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that prior visual experiences play an important role in sensory processing and adapting behavior in a dynamic environment. A repeated and passive presentation of visual stimulus is one of the simplest procedures to manipulate acquired experiences. Using this approach, we aimed to investigate exposure-based visual learning of aging zebrafish and how cholinergic intervention is involved in exposure-induced changes. Our measurements included younger and older wild-type zebrafish and achesb55/+ mutants with decreased acetylcholinesterase activity. We examined both within-session and across-day changes in the zebrafish optomotor responses to repeated and passive exposure to visual motion. Our findings revealed short-term (within-session) changes in the magnitude of optomotor response (i.e., the amount of position shift by fish as a response to visual motion) rather than long-term and persistent effects across days. Moreover, the observed short-term changes were age- and genotype-dependent. Compared to the initial presentations of motion within a session, the magnitude of optomotor response to terminal presentations decreased in the older zebrafish. There was a similar robust decrease specific to achesb55/+ mutants. Taken together, these results point to short-term (within-session) alterations in the motion detection of adult zebrafish and suggest differential effects of neural aging and cholinergic system on the observed changes. These findings further provide important insights into adult zebrafish optomotor response to visual motion and contribute to understanding this reflexive behavior in the short- and long-term stimulation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Karaduman
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye.
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Ngoupaye GT, Mokgokong M, Madlala T, Mabandla MV. Alteration of the α5 GABA receptor and 5HTT lead to cognitive deficits associated with major depressive-like behaviors in a 14-day combined stress rat model. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:959-976. [PMID: 34937496 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.2019033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current models used to study the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) are laborious and time consuming. This study examined the effect of a 14-day combined stress model (CS; corticosterone injection and restraint stress) in male Sprague-Dawley rats and also compare the effect of CS versus 28-day corticosterone treatment on depressive-like behaviour and cognitive deficits. MATERIEL AND METHODS Depressive-like behaviours and cognitive deficits were assessed in the forced swim test (FST), sucrose preference (SPT), Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NORT) tests. Real-time PCR and ELISA were respectively used to detect expression of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), serotonin 1 A receptor (5-HT1A), α5 GABAA receptor, and the concentrations of corticosterone (plasma), GABA and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the hippocampus and Prefrontal cortex (PFC).Results CS group showed increased immobility time in the FST, time to reach the MWM platform, higher corticosterone level, and increased expressions of hippocampal and PFC 5-HT1A and α5 GABAA receptors, and AChE compared to their control groups. In contrast, reductions in SPT ratio, discrimination index in NORT, time in target quadrant, and hippocampal 5-HTT expression was noted relative to their control group. Compared to the 28-day corticosterone only group, PFC 5-HT1A, Hippocampal 5-HTT were reduced, while PFC 5-HTT, Hippocampal α5 GABAA receptors, and AChE concentrations were higher in the CS group. CONCLUSION Our CS model induced depressive-like behaviour with early cognitive deficits in rats affecting both hippocampus and PFC. The CS model may be useful in investigating new and comprehensive treatment strategies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Temkou Ngoupaye
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Makwena Mokgokong
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thobeka Madlala
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Kunnath AJ, Gifford RH, Wallace MT. Cholinergic modulation of sensory perception and plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105323. [PMID: 37467908 PMCID: PMC10424559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Sensory systems are highly plastic, but the mechanisms of sensory plasticity remain unclear. People with vision or hearing loss demonstrate significant neural network reorganization that promotes adaptive changes in other sensory modalities as well as in their ability to combine information across the different senses (i.e., multisensory integration. Furthermore, sensory network remodeling is necessary for sensory restoration after a period of sensory deprivation. Acetylcholine is a powerful regulator of sensory plasticity, and studies suggest that cholinergic medications may improve visual and auditory abilities by facilitating sensory network plasticity. There are currently no approved therapeutics for sensory loss that target neuroplasticity. This review explores the systems-level effects of cholinergic signaling on human visual and auditory perception, with a focus on functional performance, sensory disorders, and neural activity. Understanding the role of acetylcholine in sensory plasticity will be essential for developing targeted treatments for sensory restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley J Kunnath
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - René H Gifford
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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6
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Koevoet D, Deschamps PKH, Kenemans JL. Catecholaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1078586. [PMID: 36685234 PMCID: PMC9853424 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1078586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairments and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Treatment of ASD is notoriously difficult and might benefit from identification of underlying mechanisms that overlap with those disturbed in other developmental disorders, for which treatment options are more obvious. One example of the latter is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), given the efficacy of especially stimulants in treatment of ADHD. Deficiencies in catecholaminergic systems [dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE)] in ADHD are obvious targets for stimulant treatment. Recent findings suggest that dysfunction in catecholaminergic systems may also be a factor in at least a subgroup of ASD. In this review we scrutinize the evidence for catecholaminergic mechanisms underlying ASD symptoms, and also include in this analysis a third classic ascending arousing system, the acetylcholinergic (ACh) network. We complement this with a comprehensive review of DA-, NE-, and ACh-targeted interventions in ASD, and an exploratory search for potential treatment-response predictors (biomarkers) in ASD, genetically or otherwise. Based on this review and analysis we propose that (1) stimulant treatment may be a viable option for an ASD subcategory, possibly defined by genetic subtyping; (2) cerebellar dysfunction is pronounced for a relatively small ADHD subgroup but much more common in ASD and in both cases may point toward NE- or ACh-directed intervention; (3) deficiency of the cortical salience network is sizable in subgroups of both disorders, and biomarkers such as eye blink rate and pupillometric data may predict the efficacy of targeting this underlying deficiency via DA, NE, or ACh in both ASD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Koevoet
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Damian Koevoet,
| | - P. K. H. Deschamps
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. L. Kenemans
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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7
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Li L, Zhang B, Tang X, Yu Q, He A, Lu Y, Li X. A selective degeneration of cholinergic neurons mediated by NRADD in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100060. [PMID: 37193353 PMCID: PMC10120297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain constitute a major source of cholinergic inputs to the forebrain, modulate diverse functions including sensory processing, memory and attention, and are vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, we classified cholinergic neurons into two distinct subpopulations; calbindin D28K-expressing (D28K+) versus D28K-lacking (D28K-) neurons. Yet, which of these two cholinergic subpopulations are selectively degenerated in AD and the molecular mechanisms underlying this selective degeneration remain unknown. Here, we reported a discovery that D28K+ neurons are selectively degenerated and this degeneration induces anxiety-like behaviors in the early stage of AD. Neuronal type specific deletion of NRADD effectively rescues D28K+ neuronal degeneration, whereas genetic introduction of exogenous NRADD causes D28K- neuronal loss. This gain- and loss-of-function study reveals a subtype specific degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the disease progression of AD and hence warrants a novel molecular target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Li
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Aodi He
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Li X, Yu H, Zhang B, Li L, Chen W, Yu Q, Huang X, Ke X, Wang Y, Jing W, Du H, Li H, Zhang T, Liu L, Zhu LQ, Lu Y. Molecularly defined and functionally distinct cholinergic subnetworks. Neuron 2022; 110:3774-3788.e7. [PMID: 36130594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (MS) constitute a major source of cholinergic input to the forebrain and modulate diverse functions, including sensory processing, memory, and attention. Most studies to date have treated cholinergic neurons as a single population; as such, the organizational principles underling their functional diversity remain unknown. Here, we identified two subsets (D28K+ versus D28K-) of cholinergic neurons that are topographically segregated in mice, Macaca fascicularis, and humans. These cholinergic subpopulations possess unique electrophysiological signatures, express mutually exclusive marker genes (kcnh1 and aifm3 versus cacna1h and gga3), and make differential connections with physiologically distinct neuronal classes in the hippocampus to form two structurally defined and functionally distinct circuits. Gain- and loss-of-function studies on these circuits revealed their differential roles in modulation of anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory. These results provide a molecular and circuitry-based theory for how cholinergic neurons contribute to their diverse behavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huiyun Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Yoo K, Rosenberg MD, Kwon YH, Scheinost D, Constable RT, Chun MM. A cognitive state transformation model for task-general and task-specific subsystems of the brain connectome. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119279. [PMID: 35577026 PMCID: PMC9307138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain flexibly controls different cognitive behaviors, such as memory and attention, to satisfy contextual demands. Much progress has been made to reveal task-induced modulations in the whole-brain functional connectome, but we still lack a way to model context-dependent changes. Here, we present a novel connectome-to-connectome (C2C) transformation framework that enables us to model the brain's functional reorganization from one connectome state to another in response to specific task goals. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Human Connectome Project, we demonstrate that the C2C model accurately generates an individual's task-related connectomes from their task-free (resting-state) connectome with a high degree of specificity across seven different cognitive states. Moreover, the C2C model amplifies behaviorally relevant individual differences in the task-free connectome, thereby improving behavioral predictions with increased power, achieving similar performance with just a third of the subjects needed when relying on resting-state data alone. Finally, the C2C model reveals how the brain reorganizes between cognitive states. Our observations support the existence of reliable state-specific subsystems in the brain and demonstrate that we can quantitatively model how the connectome reconfigures to different cognitive states, enabling more accurate predictions of behavior with fewer subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangsun Yoo
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America.
| | - Monica D Rosenberg
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America,Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - R Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - Marvin M Chun
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
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10
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Montaser-Kouhsari L, Young CB, Poston KL. Neuroimaging approaches to cognition in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 269:257-286. [PMID: 35248197 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While direct visualization of Lewy body accumulation within the brain is not yet possible in living Parkinson's disease patients, brain imaging studies offer insights into how the buildup of Lewy body pathology impacts different regions of the brain. Unlike biological biomarkers and purely behavioral research, these brain imaging studies therefore offer a unique opportunity to relate brain localization to cognitive function and dysfunction in living patients. Magnetic resonance imaging studies can reveal physical changes in brain structure as they relate to different cognitive domains and task specific impairments. Functional imaging studies use a combination of task and resting state magnetic resonance imaging, as well as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography, and can be used to determine changes in blood flow, neuronal activation and neurochemical changes in the brain associated with PD cognition and cognitive impairments. Other unique advantages to brain imaging studies are the ability to monitor changes in brain structure and function longitudinally as patients progress and the ability to study changes in brain function when patients are exposed to different pharmacological manipulations. This is particularly true when assessing the effects of dopaminergic replacement therapy on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease patients. Together, this chapter will describe imaging studies that have helped identify structural and functional brain changes associated with cognition, cognitive impairment, and dementia in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Montaser-Kouhsari
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Christina B Young
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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11
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Kaur D, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Bungau S. Multifaceted Alzheimer's Disease: Building a Roadmap for Advancement of Novel Therapies. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2832-2851. [PMID: 34357520 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevailing neurodegenerative disorders of elderly humans associated with cognitive damage. Biochemical, epigenetic, and pathophysiological factors all consider a critical role of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aß) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) as pathological hallmarks of AD. In an endeavor to describe the intricacy and multifaceted nature of AD, several hypotheses based on the roles of Aß accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, impaired cholinergic signaling, neuroinflammation, and autophagy during the initiation and advancement of the disease have been suggested. However, in no way do these theories have the potential of autonomously describing the pathophysiological alterations located in AD. The complex pathological nature of AD has hindered the recognition and authentication of successful biomarkers for the progression of its diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. There has been a significant research effort to design multi-target-directed ligands for the treatment of AD, an approach which is developed by the knowledge that AD is a composite and multifaceted disease linked with several separate but integrated molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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12
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Kurikawa T, Mizuseki K, Fukai T. Oscillation-Driven Memory Encoding, Maintenance, and Recall in an Entorhinal-Hippocampal Circuit Model. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2038-2057. [PMID: 33230536 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the execution of working memory tasks, task-relevant information is processed by local circuits across multiple brain regions. How this multiarea computation is conducted by the brain remains largely unknown. To explore such mechanisms in spatial working memory, we constructed a neural network model involving parvalbumin-positive, somatostatin-positive, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 and the superficial and deep layers of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Our model is based on a hypothesis that cholinergic modulations differently regulate information flows across CA1 and MEC at memory encoding, maintenance, and recall during delayed nonmatching-to-place tasks. In the model, theta oscillation coordinates the proper timing of interactions between these regions. Furthermore, the model predicts that MEC is engaged in decoding as well as encoding spatial memory, which we confirmed by experimental data analysis. Thus, our model accounts for the neurobiological characteristics of the cross-area information routing underlying working memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kurikawa
- Department of Physics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuseki
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoki Fukai
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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13
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Chen Q, Wu S, Li X, Sun Y, Chen W, Lu J, Zhang W, Liu J, Qing Z, Nedelska Z, Hort J, Zhang X, Zhang B. Basal Forebrain Atrophy Is Associated With Allocentric Navigation Deficits in Subjective Cognitive Decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:596025. [PMID: 33658916 PMCID: PMC7917187 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.596025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at higher risk of incipient Alzheimer's disease (AD). Spatial navigation (SN) impairments in AD dementia and mild cognitive impairment patients have been well-documented; however, studies investigating SN deficits in SCD subjects are still lacking. This study aimed to explore whether basal forebrain (BF) and entorhinal cortex (EC) atrophy contribute to spatial disorientation in the SCD stage. In total, 31 SCD subjects and 24 normal controls were enrolled and administered cognitive scales, a 2-dimensional computerized SN test, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. We computed the differences in navigation distance errors and volumes of BF subfields, EC, and hippocampus between the SCD and control groups. The correlations between MRI volumetry and navigation distance errors were also calculated. Compared with the controls, the SCD subjects performed worse in both egocentric and allocentric navigation. The SCD group showed volume reductions in the whole BF (p < 0.05, uncorrected) and the Ch4p subfield (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected), but comparable EC and hippocampal volumes with the controls. In the SCD cohort, the allocentric errors were negatively correlated with total BF (r = −0.625, p < 0.001), Ch4p (r = −0.625, p < 0.001), total EC (r = −0.423, p = 0.031), and left EC volumes (r = −0.442, p = 0.024), adjusting for age, gender, years of education, total intracranial volume, and hippocampal volume. This study demonstrates that SN deficits and BF atrophy may be promising indicators for the early detection of incipient AD patients. The reduced BF volume, especially in the Ch4p subfield, may serve as a structural basis for allocentric disorientation in SCD subjects independent of hippocampal atrophy. Our findings may have further implications for the preclinical diagnosis and intervention for potential AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sichu Wu
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Qing
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Karaduman A, Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Kaya U, Aydin A, Adams MM, Kafaligonul H. The optomotor response of aging zebrafish reveals a complex relationship between visual motion characteristics and cholinergic system. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 98:21-32. [PMID: 33227566 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the principles underlying age-related changes in motion perception is paramount for improving the quality of life and health of older adults. However, the mechanisms underlying age-related alterations in this aspect of vision, which is essential for survival in a dynamic world, still remain unclear. Using optomotor responses to drifting gratings, we investigated age-related changes in motion detection of adult zebrafish (wild-type/AB-strain and achesb55/+ mutants with decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase). Our results pointed out negative optomotor responses that significantly depend on the spatial frequency and contrast level of stimulation, providing supporting evidence for the visual motion-driven aspect of this behavior mainly exhibited by adult zebrafish. Although there were no significant main effects of age and genotype, we found a significant three-way interaction between contrast level, age, and genotype. In the contrast domain, the changes in optomotor responses and thus in the detection of motion direction were age- and genotype-specific. Accordingly, these behavioral findings suggest a strong but complicated relationship between visual motion characteristics and the cholinergic system during neural aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Karaduman
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utku Kaya
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alaz Aydin
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Laliberté G, Othman R, Vaucher E. Mesoscopic Mapping of Stimulus-Selective Response Plasticity in the Visual Pathways Modulated by the Cholinergic System. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:38. [PMID: 32719589 PMCID: PMC7350895 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic potentiation of visual conditioning enhances visual acuity and discrimination of the trained stimulus. To determine if this also induces long-term plastic changes on cortical maps and connectivity in the visual cortex and higher associative areas, mesoscopic calcium imaging was performed in head-fixed awake GCaMP6s adult mice before and after conditioning. The conditioned stimulus (0.03 cpd, 30°, 100% contrast, 1 Hz-drifting gratings) was presented 10 min daily for a week. Saline or Donepezil (DPZ, 0.3 mg/kg, s.c.), a cholinesterase inhibitor that potentiates cholinergic transmission, were injected prior to each conditioning session and compared to a sham-conditioned group. Cortical maps of resting state and evoked response to the monocular presentation of conditioned or non-conditioned stimulus (30°, 50 and 75% contrast; 90°, 50, 75, and 100% contrast) were established. Amplitude, duration, and latency of the peak response, as well as size of activation were measured in the primary visual cortex (V1), secondary visual areas (AL, A, AM, PM, LM, RL), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), and higher cortical areas. Visual stimulation increased calcium signaling in all primary and secondary visual areas, the RSC, but no other cortices. There were no significant effects of sham-conditioning or conditioning alone, but DPZ treatment during conditioning significantly decreased the integrated neuronal activity of superficial layers evoked by the conditioned stimulus in V1, AL, PM, and LM. The activity of downstream cortical areas was not changed. The size of the activated area was decreased in V1 and PM, and the signal-to-noise ratio was decreased in AL and PM. Interestingly, signal correlation was seen only between V1, the ventral visual pathway, and the RSC, and was decreased by DPZ administration. The resting state activity was slightly correlated and rarely affected by treatments, except between binocular and monocular V1 in both hemispheres. In conclusion, cholinergic potentiation of visual conditioning induced change in visual processing in the superficial cortical layers. This effect might be a key mechanism in the establishment of the fine cortical tuning in response to the conditioned visual stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Laliberté
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rahmeh Othman
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Départment de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elvire Vaucher
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Vaucher E, Laliberté G, Higgins MC, Maheux M, Jolicoeur P, Chamoun M. Cholinergic potentiation of visual perception and vision restoration in rodents and humans. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2020; 37:553-569. [PMID: 31839615 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cholinergic system is a potent neuromodulator system that plays a critical role in cortical plasticity, attention, and learning. Recently, it was found that boosting this system during perceptual learning robustly enhances sensory perception in rodents. In particular, pairing cholinergic activation with visual stimulation increases neuronal responses, cue detection ability, and long-term facilitation in the primary visual cortex. The mechanisms of cholinergic enhancement are closely linked to attentional processes, long-term potentiation, and modulation of the excitatory/inhibitory balance. Some studies currently examine this effect in humans. OBJECTIVE The present article reviews the research from our laboratory, examining whether potentiating the central cholinergic system could help visual perception and restoration. METHODS Electrophysiological or pharmacological enhancement of the cholinergic system are administered during a visual training. Electrophysiological responses and perceptual learning performance are investigated before and after the training in rats and humans. This approach's ability to restore visual capacities following a visual deficit induced by a partial optic nerve crush is also investigated in rats. RESULTS The coupling of visual training to cholinergic stimulation improved visual discrimination and visual acuity in rats, and improved residual vision after a deficit. These changes were due to muscarinic and nicotinic transmissions and were associated with a functional improvement of evoked potentials. In humans, potentiation of cholinergic transmission with 5 mg of donepezil showed improved learning and ocular dominance plasticity, although this treatment was ineffective in augmenting the perceptual threshold and electroencephalography. CONCLUSIONS Potential therapeutic outcomes ought to facilitate vision restoration using commercially available cholinergic agents combined with visual stimulation in order to prevent irreversible vision loss in patients. This approach has the potential to help a large population of visually impaired individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Vaucher
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Laliberté
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Charlotte Higgins
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Maheux
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Jolicoeur
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mira Chamoun
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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17
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Moshitzky G, Shoham S, Madrer N, Husain AM, Greenberg DS, Yirmiya R, Ben-Shaul Y, Soreq H. Cholinergic Stress Signals Accompany MicroRNA-Associated Stereotypic Behavior and Glutamatergic Neuromodulation in the Prefrontal Cortex. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E848. [PMID: 32503154 PMCID: PMC7355890 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotypic behavior (SB) is common in emotional stress-involved psychiatric disorders and is often attributed to glutamatergic impairments, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Given the neuro-modulatory role of acetylcholine, we sought behavioral-transcriptomic links in SB using TgR transgenic mice with impaired cholinergic transmission due to over-expression of the stress-inducible soluble 'readthrough' acetylcholinesterase-R splice variant AChE-R. TgR mice showed impaired organization of behavior, performance errors in a serial maze test, escape-like locomotion, intensified reaction to pilocarpine and reduced rearing in unfamiliar situations. Small-RNA sequencing revealed 36 differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs in TgR mice hippocampi, 8 of which target more than 5 cholinergic transcripts. Moreover, compared to FVB/N mice, TgR prefrontal cortices displayed individually variable changes in over 400 DE mRNA transcripts, primarily acetylcholine and glutamate-related. Furthermore, TgR brains presented c-fos over-expression in motor behavior-regulating brain regions and immune-labeled AChE-R excess in the basal ganglia, limbic brain nuclei and the brain stem, indicating a link with the observed behavioral phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate association of stress-induced SB to previously unknown microRNA-mediated perturbations of cholinergic/glutamatergic networks and underscore new therapeutic strategies for correcting stereotypic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilli Moshitzky
- The Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (G.M.); (N.M.); (A.M.H.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Shai Shoham
- Herzog Medical Center, Givat Shaul, P.O. Box 3900, Jerusalem 9103702, Israel;
| | - Nimrod Madrer
- The Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (G.M.); (N.M.); (A.M.H.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Amir Mouhammed Husain
- The Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (G.M.); (N.M.); (A.M.H.); (D.S.G.)
| | - David S. Greenberg
- The Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (G.M.); (N.M.); (A.M.H.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Raz Yirmiya
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Yoram Ben-Shaul
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; (G.M.); (N.M.); (A.M.H.); (D.S.G.)
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18
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Activation of alpha7 nicotinic and NMDA receptors is necessary for performance in a working memory task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1723-1735. [PMID: 32162104 PMCID: PMC7313359 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Working memory deficits are present in schizophrenia (SZ) but remain insufficiently resolved by medications. Similar cognitive dysfunctions can be produced acutely in animals by elevating brain levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA). KYNA's effects may reflect interference with the function of both the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and the glycineB site of the NMDA receptor. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine, using pharmacological tools, the respective roles of these two receptor sites on performance in a delayed non-match-to-position working memory (WM) task (DNMTP). METHODS DNMTP consisted of 120 trials/session (5, 10, and 15 s delays). Rats received two doses (25 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) of L-kynurenine (KYN; bioprecursor of KYNA) or L-4-chlorokynurenine (4-Cl-KYN; bioprecursor of the selective glycineB site antagonist 7-Cl-kynurenic acid). Attenuation of KYN- or 4-Cl-KYN-induced deficits was assessed by co-administration of galantamine (GAL, 3 mg/kg) or PAM-2 (1 mg/kg), two positive modulators of α7nAChR function. Reversal of 4-Cl-KYN-induced deficits was examined using D-cycloserine (DCS; 30 mg/kg), a partial agonist at the glycineB site. RESULTS Both KYN and 4-Cl-KYN administration produced dose-related deficits in DNMTP accuracy that were more severe at the longer delays. In KYN-treated rats, these deficits were reversed to control levels by GAL or PAM-2 but not by DCS. In contrast, DCS eliminated performance deficits in 4-Cl-KYN-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS These experiments reveal that both α7nAChR and NMDAR activity are necessary for normal WM accuracy. They provide substantive new support for the therapeutic potential of positive modulators at these two receptor sites in SZ and other major brain diseases.
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19
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Zhang J, Tang C, Liao W, Zhu M, Liu M, Sun N. The antiapoptotic and antioxidative stress effects of Zhisanzhen in the Alzheimer's disease model rat. Neuroreport 2019; 30:628-636. [PMID: 31095002 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zhisanzhen, a type of acupuncture method, has been commonly used in the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders in clinics in China. The aim of this study was to confirm the effect of Zhisanzhen on Alzheimer's disease and the associated mechanism. We used D-galactose and Aβ1-40 injections to establish a rat model of AD. Rats were divided into four groups: normal group, AD group, AD+manual acupuncture (control) group, and AD+manual acupuncture (Zhisanzhen) group. Zhisanzhen was used to treat the AD model rats. We found that Zhisanzhen improved behavioral performance, reduced oxidative stress, increased the neurotransmitter acetylcholine concentration, reduced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons, and down-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. Compared with those in the AD group, these parameters were clearly different in the Zhisanzhen control group (P<0.05). These results suggest that Zhisanzhen can markedly enhance learning and memory and reverse the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in AD model rats, which may be related to the role of Zhisanzhen in increasing chAT and Ache activity, decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.Video abstract: http://links.lww.com/WNR/A517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- RuiKang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Wenyan Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Mingmin Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou
| | - Ming Liu
- Shenzhen Baoan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Ningning Sun
- Jiaozuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
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20
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Al-Onaizi MA, Parfitt GM, Kolisnyk B, Law CSH, Guzman MS, Barros DM, Leung LS, Prado MAM, Prado VF. Regulation of Cognitive Processing by Hippocampal Cholinergic Tone. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1615-1628. [PMID: 26803167 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic dysfunction has been associated with cognitive abnormalities in a variety of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Here we tested how information processing is regulated by cholinergic tone in genetically modified mice targeting the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a protein required for acetylcholine release. We measured long-term potentiation of Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in vivo and assessed information processing by using a mouse touchscreen version of paired associates learning task (PAL). Acquisition of information in the mouse PAL task correlated to levels of hippocampal VAChT, suggesting a critical role for cholinergic tone. Accordingly, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus in vivo was disturbed, but not completely abolished, by decreased hippocampal cholinergic signaling. Disrupted forebrain cholinergic signaling also affected working memory, a result reproduced by selectively decreasing VAChT in the hippocampus. In contrast, spatial memory was relatively preserved, whereas reversal spatial memory was sensitive to decreased hippocampal cholinergic signaling. This work provides a refined roadmap of how synaptically secreted acetylcholine influences distinct behaviors and suggests that distinct forms of cognitive processing may be regulated in different ways by cholinergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo M Parfitt
- Robarts Research Institute.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Laboratório de Neurociências (FURG), Brazil
| | | | - Clayton S H Law
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A5K8
| | - Monica S Guzman
- Robarts Research Institute.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
| | - Daniela Martí Barros
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Laboratório de Neurociências (FURG), Brazil
| | - L Stan Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A5K8
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience and.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience and.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
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21
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Reboreda A, Theissen FM, Valero-Aracama MJ, Arboit A, Corbu MA, Yoshida M. Do TRPC channels support working memory? Comparing modulations of TRPC channels and working memory through G-protein coupled receptors and neuromodulators. Behav Brain Res 2018; 354:64-83. [PMID: 29501506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Working memory is a crucial ability we use in daily life. However, the cellular mechanisms supporting working memory still remain largely unclear. A key component of working memory is persistent neural firing which is believed to serve short-term (hundreds of milliseconds up to tens of seconds) maintenance of necessary information. In this review, we will focus on the role of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels as a mechanism underlying persistent firing. Many years of in vitro work have been suggesting a crucial role of TRPC channels in working memory and temporal association tasks. If TRPC channels are indeed a central mechanism for working memory, manipulations which impair or facilitate working memory should have a similar effect on TRPC channel modulation. However, modulations of working memory and TRPC channels were never systematically compared, and it remains unanswered whether TRPC channels indeed contribute to working memory in vivo or not. In this article, we review the effects of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and neuromodulators, including acetylcholine, noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine, on working memory and TRPC channels. Based on comparisons, we argue that GPCR and downstream signaling pathways that activate TRPC, generally support working memory, while those that suppress TRPC channels impair it. However, depending on the channel types, areas, and systems tested, this is not the case in all studies. Further work to clarify involvement of specific TRPC channels in working memory tasks and how they are affected by neuromodulators is still necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Reboreda
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN) Magdeburg, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Frederik M Theissen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria J Valero-Aracama
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alberto Arboit
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mihaela A Corbu
- Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Motoharu Yoshida
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN) Magdeburg, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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22
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Miranda M, Bekinschtein P. Plasticity Mechanisms of Memory Consolidation and Reconsolidation in the Perirhinal Cortex. Neuroscience 2018; 370:46-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Serotonergic and cholinergic modulation of functional brain connectivity: A comparison between young and older adults. Neuroimage 2017; 169:312-322. [PMID: 29258890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by changes in neurotransmission. To advance our understanding of how aging modifies specific neural circuitries, we examined serotonergic and cholinergic stimulation with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) in young and older adults. The instant response to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram (30 mg) and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine (8 mg) was measured in 12 young and 17 older volunteers during a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. A powerful dataset consisting of 522 RS-fMRI scans was obtained by acquiring multiple scans per subject before and after drug administration. Group × treatment interaction effects on voxelwise connectivity with ten functional networks were investigated (p < .05, FWE-corrected) using a non-parametric multivariate analysis technique with cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, heart rate and baseline measurements as covariates. Both groups showed a decrease in sensorimotor network connectivity after citalopram administration. The comparable findings after citalopram intake are possibly due to relatively similar serotonergic systems in the young and older subjects. Galantamine altered connectivity between the occipital visual network and regions that are implicated in learning and memory in the young subjects. The lack of a cholinergic response in the elderly might relate to the well-known association between cognitive and cholinergic deterioration at older age.
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24
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Laube I, Matthews N, Dean AJ, O'Connell RG, Mattingley JB, Bellgrove MA. Scopolamine Reduces Electrophysiological Indices of Distractor Suppression: Evidence from a Contingent Capture Task. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:99. [PMID: 29270112 PMCID: PMC5723636 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited resources for the in-depth processing of external stimuli make it necessary to select only relevant information from our surroundings and to ignore irrelevant stimuli. Attentional mechanisms facilitate this selection via top-down modulation of stimulus representations in the brain. Previous research has indicated that acetylcholine (ACh) modulates this influence of attention on stimulus processing. However, the role of muscarinic receptors as well as the specific mechanism of cholinergic modulation remains unclear. Here we investigated the influence of ACh on feature-based, top-down control of stimulus processing via muscarinic receptors by using a contingent capture paradigm which specifically tests attentional shifts toward uninformative cue stimuli which display one of the target defining features In a double-blind, placebo controlled study we measured the impact of the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine on behavioral and electrophysiological measures of contingent attentional capture. The results demonstrated all the signs of functional contingent capture, i.e., attentional shifts toward cued locations reflected in increased amplitudes of N1 and N2Pc components, under placebo conditions. However, scopolamine did not affect behavioral or electrophysiological measures of contingent capture. Instead, scopolamine reduced the amplitude of the distractor-evoked Pd component which has recently been associated with active suppression of irrelevant distractor information. The findings suggest a general cholinergic modulation of top-down control during distractor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Laube
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Psychology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia.,ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CRNS-UMR5292Lyon, France
| | - Natasha Matthews
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CRNS-UMR5292Lyon, France
| | - Angela J Dean
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Psychology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Redmond G O'Connell
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Trinity College Dublin, Trinity College Institute of NeuroscienceDublin, Ireland
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Psychology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Psychology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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25
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Danti S, Handjaras G, Cecchetti L, Beuzeron-Mangina H, Pietrini P, Ricciardi E. Different levels of visual perceptual skills are associated with specific modifications in functional connectivity and global efficiency. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 123:127-135. [PMID: 28987780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The disembedding ability (i.e., the ability to identify a simple masked figure within a complex one) depends on attentional mechanisms, executive functions and working memory. Recent cognitive models ascribed different levels of disembedding task performance to the efficiency of the subtended mental processes engaged during visuo-spatial perception. Here we aimed at assessing whether different levels of the disembedding ability were associated to the functional signatures of neural efficiency, defined as a specific modulation in response magnitude and functional connectivity strength in task-related areas. Consequently, brain activity evoked by a visual task involving the disembedding ability was acquired using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a sample of 23 right-handed healthy individuals. Brain activity was analyzed at different levels of information processing, from local responses to connectivity interactions between brain nodes, as far as to network topological properties. All different levels of information processing were significantly modulated by individual behavioral performance. Specifically, single voxel response magnitude, connectivity strength of the right intrahemispheric and interhemispheric edges, and graph measures (i.e., local and global efficiency) were negatively associated to behavioral performance. Altogether, these results indicate that efficiency during a disembedding task cannot be merely attributed to a reduced neural recruitment of task-specific regions, but can be better characterized as an enhanced functional hemispherical asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Danti
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dept. Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Helen Beuzeron-Mangina
- Cognitive Psychophysiology Laboratory, Montreal Research and Treatment Center for Learning Abilities and Disabilities, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Hardy CJD, Hwang YT, Bond RL, Marshall CR, Ridha BH, Crutch SJ, Rossor MN, Warren JD. Donepezil enhances understanding of degraded speech in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:835-840. [PMID: 29159197 PMCID: PMC5682113 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory dysfunction under complex, dynamic listening conditions is a clinical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but challenging to measure and manage. Here, we assessed understanding of sinewave speech (a paradigm of degraded speech perception) and general cognitive abilities in 17 AD patients, before and following a 10 mg dose of donepezil. Relative to healthy older individuals, patients had impaired sinewave speech comprehension that was selectively ameliorated by donepezil. Our findings demonstrate impaired perception of degraded speech in AD but retained perceptual learning capacity that can be harnessed by acetylcholinesterase inhibition, with implications for designing communication interventions and acoustic environments in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J D Hardy
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegenerative Disease Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Yun T Hwang
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegenerative Disease Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Bond
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegenerative Disease Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Marshall
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegenerative Disease Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Basil H Ridha
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegenerative Disease Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian J Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegenerative Disease Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Martin N Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegenerative Disease Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre Department of Neurodegenerative Disease Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
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27
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Montez DF, Calabro FJ, Luna B. The expression of established cognitive brain states stabilizes with working memory development. eLife 2017; 6:25606. [PMID: 28826493 PMCID: PMC5578740 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present results from a longitudinal study conducted over 10 years in a sample of 126 8–33 year olds demonstrating that adolescent development of working memory is supported by decreased variability in the amplitude of expression of whole brain states of task-related activity. fMRI analyses reveal that putative gain signals affecting maintenance and retrieval aspects of working memory processing stabilize during adolescence, while those affecting sensorimotor processes do not. We show that trial-to-trial variability in the reaction time and accuracy of eye-movements during a memory guided saccade task are related to fluctuations in the amplitude of expression of task-related brain states, or brain state variability, and also provide evidence that individual developmental trajectories of reaction time variability are related to individual trajectories of brain state variability. These observations demonstrate that the stabilization of widespread gain signals affecting already available cognitive processes underlies the maturation of cognition during adolescence. Adolescence is a period of change: physically, socially and intellectually. During the teenage years, the brain undergoes changes in structure and connectivity that lead to improvements in areas such as self-control, social skills and cognition. Adolescence is also a time during which cognitive skills, such as problem solving and memory, become more stable. Whereas a child will perform a task markedly better on some days or trials than others, adolescents become increasingly consistent. But why does cognitive performance fluctuate at all? Studies in monkeys suggest that momentary fluctuations in processes like attention and alertness are linked to changes in the level of activity within brain regions that are active during a task. Areas of the brain that are relatively active tend to become even more active, whereas those that are relatively inactive reduce their activity even further. These changes lead to variable accuracy and reaction times. Montez et al. hypothesized that as adolescents become better at controlling processes such as attention and alertness, they show fewer and/or smaller fluctuations in brain-wide activity during a task. This in turn leads to more stable performance. To test this idea, Montez et al. asked healthy volunteers aged 8 years and above to perform a memory task while lying inside a brain scanner. Over the next 10 years, the volunteers returned about once a year to perform the task again, thereby revealing how their brain activity changed as they grew older. Over the course of adolescence, the volunteers performed the task increasingly accurately and consistently. As predicted, their overall level of brain activity during the task also became less variable over the same period. These findings challenge the current view of adolescent development, which assumes that teenagers acquire new cognitive skills with age. The results of Montez et al. suggest instead that improvements in cognitive performance reflect teenagers’ increasing ability to stably engage skills that they have possessed since childhood. This difference has implications for education, healthcare, parenting, and even for the juvenile justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Florentino Montez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, United States
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28
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Chamoun M, Huppé-Gourgues F, Legault I, Rosa-Neto P, Dumbrava D, Faubert J, Vaucher E. Cholinergic Potentiation Improves Perceptual-Cognitive Training of Healthy Young Adults in Three Dimensional Multiple Object Tracking. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:128. [PMID: 28377707 PMCID: PMC5359296 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature supports cognitive enhancement as an effect of cholinergic potentiation. However, it remains elusive whether pharmacological manipulations of cholinergic neurotransmission enhance complex visual processing in healthy individuals. To test this hypothesis, we randomly administered either the cholinergic transmission enhancer donepezil (DPZ; 5 mg P.O.) or placebo (lactose) to young adults (n = 17) 3 h before each session of the three-dimensional (3D) multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) task. This multi-focal attention task evaluates perceptual-cognitive learning over five sessions conducted 7 days apart. A significant amount of learning was observed in the DPZ group but not the placebo group in the fourth session. In the fifth session, this learning effect was observed in both groups. Furthermore, preliminary results for a subgroup of participants (n = 9) 4–14 months later suggested the cholinergic enhancement effect was long lasting. On the other hand, DPZ had no effect on basic visual processing as measured by a motion and orientation discrimination task performed as an independent one-time, pre-post drug study without placebo control (n = 10). The results support the construct that cholinergic enhancement facilitates the encoding of a highly demanding perceptual-cognitive task although there were no significant drug effects on the performance levels compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Chamoun
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Legault
- Laboratoire de Psychophysique et de Perception Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Dumbrava
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences de la Vision, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Faubert
- Laboratoire de Psychophysique et de Perception Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elvire Vaucher
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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29
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Degradation of cortical representations during encoding following sleep deprivation. Neuroimage 2017; 153:131-138. [PMID: 28161311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) reduces task-related activation of fronto-parietal and higher visual cortical areas. As this reduction in activation corresponds to impaired attention and perceptual processing, it might also be associated with poorer memory encoding. Related animal work has established that cortical columns stochastically enter a 'down' state in sleep deprivation, leading to predictions that neural representations are less stable and distinctive following TSD. To test these predictions participants incidentally encoded scene images while undergoing fMRI, either during rested wakefulness (RW) or after TSD. In scene-selective PPA, TSD reduced stability of neural representations across repetition. This was accompanied by poorer subsequent memory. Greater representational stability benefitted subsequent memory in RW but not TSD. Even for items subsequently recognized, representational distinctiveness was lower in TSD, suggesting that quality of encoding is degraded. Reduced representational stability and distinctiveness are two novel mechanisms by which TSD can contribute to poorer memory formation.
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30
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Schmitz TW, Nathan Spreng R. Basal forebrain degeneration precedes and predicts the cortical spread of Alzheimer's pathology. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13249. [PMID: 27811848 PMCID: PMC5097157 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable debate whether Alzheimer's disease (AD) originates in basal forebrain or entorhinal cortex. Here we examined whether longitudinal decreases in basal forebrain and entorhinal cortex grey matter volume were interdependent and sequential. In a large cohort of age-matched older adults ranging from cognitively normal to AD, we demonstrate that basal forebrain volume predicts longitudinal entorhinal degeneration. Models of parallel degeneration or entorhinal origin received negligible support. We then integrated volumetric measures with an amyloid biomarker sensitive to pre-symptomatic AD pathology. Comparison between cognitively matched normal adult subgroups, delineated according to the amyloid biomarker, revealed abnormal degeneration in basal forebrain, but not entorhinal cortex. Abnormal degeneration in both basal forebrain and entorhinal cortex was only observed among prodromal (mildly amnestic) individuals. We provide evidence that basal forebrain pathology precedes and predicts both entorhinal pathology and memory impairment, challenging the widely held belief that AD has a cortical origin. Whether Alzheimer's disease originates in basal forebrain or entorhinal cortex remains highly debated. Here the authors use structural magnetic resonance data from a longitudinal sample of participants stratified by cerebrospinal biomarker and clinical diagnosis to show that tissue volume changes appear earlier in the basal forebrain than in the entorhinal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W Schmitz
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK.,Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, Barton Road, Cambridge CB3 9BB, UK
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Department of Human Development, Human Neuroscience Institute, Cornell University, Martha Van Rensselaer Hall G62C, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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31
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Klaassens BL, Rombouts SARB, Winkler AM, van Gorsel HC, van der Grond J, van Gerven JMA. Time related effects on functional brain connectivity after serotonergic and cholinergic neuromodulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:308-325. [PMID: 27622387 PMCID: PMC5215384 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopharmacological research, if properly designed, may offer insight into both timing and area of effect, increasing our understanding of the brain's neurotransmitter systems. For that purpose, the acute influence of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram (30 mg) and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine (8 mg) was repeatedly measured in 12 healthy young volunteers with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI). Eighteen RS‐fMRI scans were acquired per subject during this randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study. Within‐group comparisons of voxelwise functional connectivity with 10 functional networks were examined (P < 0.05, FWE‐corrected) using a non‐parametric multivariate approach with cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, heart rate, and baseline measurements as covariates. Although both compounds did not change cognitive performance on several tests, significant effects were found on connectivity with multiple resting state networks. Serotonergic stimulation primarily reduced connectivity with the sensorimotor network and structures that are related to self‐referential mechanisms, whereas galantamine affected networks and regions that are more involved in learning, memory, and visual perception and processing. These results are consistent with the serotonergic and cholinergic trajectories and their functional relevance. In addition, this study demonstrates the power of using repeated measures after drug administration, which offers the chance to explore both combined and time specific effects. Hum Brain Mapp 38:308–325, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadet L Klaassens
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helene C van Gorsel
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Bokde ALW, Cavedo E, Lopez-Bayo P, Lista S, Meindl T, Born C, Galluzzi S, Faltraco F, Dubois B, Teipel SJ, Reiser M, Möller HJ, Hampel H. Effects of rivastigmine on visual attention in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A serial functional MRI activation pilot-study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 249:84-90. [PMID: 26851974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A pilot study to investigate the effects of rivastigmine on the brain activation pattern due to visual attention tasks in a group of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impaired patients (aMCI). The design was an initial three-month double blind period with a rivastigmine and placebo arms, followed by a nine-month open-label period. All patients underwent serial functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at baseline, and after three and six months of follow-up. Primary endpoint was the effect of rivastigmine on functional brain changes during visual attention (face and location matching) tasks. There were five in the rivastigmine arm and two in the placebo arm. The face matching task showed higher activation of visual areas after three months of treatment but no differences compared to baseline at six months. The location matching task showed a higher activation along the dorsal visual pathway at both three and six months follow ups. Treatment with rivastigmine demonstrates a significant effect on brain activation of the dorsal visual pathway during a location matching task in patients with aMCI. Our data support the potential use of task fMRI to map specific treatment effects of cholinergic drugs during prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, France; Unità di Neuroimmagine e Epidemiologia Alzheimer, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy
| | - Patricia Lopez-Bayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France; AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Meindl
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Born
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha Galluzzi
- Unità di Neuroimmagine e Epidemiologia Alzheimer, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Immanuel Clinic Rüdersdorf, Medical School Brandenburg, Seebad 82/83, 15562 Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reiser
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France; AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France
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Functional connectivity increase in the default-mode network of patients with Alzheimer's disease after long-term treatment with Galantamine. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:602-13. [PMID: 26796681 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are efficacious for the treatment of mild to moderate forms of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Default-mode network (DMN) connectivity is considered to be early impaired in AD. Long-term effects of AChEIs on the DMN in AD have not yet been investigated. Twenty-eight AD patients and 11 age-matched healthy volunteers (HC) participated in the prospective study. AD patients were randomly assigned to either a pharmacotherapy arm (Galantamine, AD G) or to a placebo arm (AD P+G) for the period of 6 months followed by open-label Galantamine therapy from month 7-12. All subjects underwent neuropsychological testing, resting-state functional and structural MRI at baseline and after 12 months, AD patients additionally in between after 6 months. Thirteen AD patients completed the treatment trial and underwent all functional MRI follow-up sequences of good quality. Functional connectivity significantly increased within the AD G group in the posterior cingulate cortex and in the Precuneus between baseline and 12 months follow-up (pcorr<0.05). Between-group analyses demonstrated that functional connectivity in the AD G group significantly increased in the posterior cingulate cortex as well as in the Precuneus compared to the HC group and in the anteromedial aspect of the temporal lobes compared to the AD P+G group, respectively, at 12 months follow-up (pcorr<0.05). Cognitive performance remained stable within groups over time indicating that resting-state fMRI may be sensitive for the detection of pharmacologically induced effects on brain function of AD patients.
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Metzger FG, Ehlis AC, Haeussinger FB, Fallgatter AJ, Hagen K. Effects of cholinesterase inhibitor on brain activation in Alzheimer's patients measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4383-91. [PMID: 26359227 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Neurobiological effects of neuropsychiatric medication can contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of action and to the evaluation of target medication effects. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) have been used in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) for years with only small knowledge about the underlying neurobiological effects. The measurement of brain activation links neurobiological and functional aspects but is challenging in the group of demented patients; here, an alternative method, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), is introduced to measure those medication effects. OBJECTIVES The current study investigated the influence of ChEI on cortical activation of patients with AD measured using fNIRS during a verbal fluency task (VFT). METHODS In this study, 24 probable AD patients were investigated three times using fNIRS: before medication with rivastigmine was given (t0), when the medication was at the target dose after 4 weeks (t1), and after the target dose was kept constant for a further 8 weeks (t2). RESULTS The results show a concentration increase of oxygenated hemoglobin as measured with fNIRS from t0 to t2 in speech relevant areas and a general decrease in prefrontal areas. Behaviorally, an improvement was found for the VFT used to measure cortical activation during fNIRS. In the neuropsychological test battery, no significant changes were found, yet high effect sizes for the mini mental status examination, immediate and delayed word list recall were found. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a positive effect of ChEI on cognitive function. The underlying cortical changes can be imaged using fNIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian G Metzger
- Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Geriatric Center, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 14, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian B Haeussinger
- Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate School of Neural Information Processing, University of Tuebingen, Oesterbergstr. 3, Tuebingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center of Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Katja Hagen
- Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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Leroy C, Bourriez JL, Dujardin K, Molaee-Ardekani B, Babiloni C, Deplanque D, Ponchel A, Hennion S, Plomhause L, Devanne H, Deguil J, Payoux P, Blin O, Méligne D, Micallef J, Chauveau N, Lanteaume L, Vervueren C, Guimont F, Thalamas C, Cassé-Perrot C, Rouby F, Bordet R, Derambure P. A 15-day course of donepezil modulates spectral EEG dynamics related to target auditory stimuli in young, healthy adult volunteers. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 130:863-875. [PMID: 26699666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify possible electroencephalographic (EEG) markers of donepezil's effect on cortical activity in young, healthy adult volunteers at the group level. METHODS Thirty subjects were administered a daily dose of either 5mg donepezil or placebo for 15days in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over trial. The electroencephalogram during an auditory oddball paradigm was recorded from 58 scalp electrodes. Current source density (CSD) transformations were applied to EEG epochs. The event-related potential (ERP), inter-trial coherence (ITC: the phase consistency of the EEG spectrum) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP: the EEG power spectrum relative to the baseline) were calculated for the target (oddball) stimuli. RESULTS The donepezil and placebo conditions differed in terms of the changes in delta/theta/alpha/beta ITC and ERSP in various regions of the scalp (especially the frontal electrodes) but not in terms of latency and amplitude of the P300-ERP component. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ITC and ERSP analyses can provide EEG markers of donepezil's effects in young, healthy, adult volunteers at a group level. SIGNIFICANCE Novel EEG markers could be useful to assess the therapeutic potential of drug candidates in Alzheimer's disease in healthy volunteers prior to the initiation of Phase II/III clinical studies in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Leroy
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Bourriez
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Behnam Molaee-Ardekani
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Dominique Deplanque
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; CIC 1403 INSERM-CHU, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Ponchel
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Hennion
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Plomhause
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Hervé Devanne
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; ULCO, Calais, France
| | - Julie Deguil
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- INSERM UMR 825 Brain Imaging and Neurological Dysfunctions, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Déborah Méligne
- INSERM UMR 825 Brain Imaging and Neurological Dysfunctions, Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Micallef
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Chauveau
- INSERM UMR 825 Brain Imaging and Neurological Dysfunctions, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Lanteaume
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Vervueren
- INSERM UMR 825 Brain Imaging and Neurological Dysfunctions, Toulouse, France
| | - François Guimont
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Thalamas
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, INSERM CIC 1436, Toulouse University Medical Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Cassé-Perrot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Rouby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Derambure
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
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Kang JI, Huppé-Gourgues F, Vaucher E. Pharmacological Mechanisms of Cortical Enhancement Induced by the Repetitive Pairing of Visual/Cholinergic Stimulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141663. [PMID: 26513575 PMCID: PMC4626033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive visual training paired with electrical activation of cholinergic projections to the primary visual cortex (V1) induces long-term enhancement of cortical processing in response to the visual training stimulus. To better determine the receptor subtypes mediating this effect the selective pharmacological blockade of V1 nicotinic (nAChR), M1 and M2 muscarinic (mAChR) or GABAergic A (GABAAR) receptors was performed during the training session and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded before and after training. The training session consisted of the exposure of awake, adult rats to an orientation-specific 0.12 CPD grating paired with an electrical stimulation of the basal forebrain for a duration of 1 week for 10 minutes per day. Pharmacological agents were infused intracortically during this period. The post-training VEP amplitude was significantly increased compared to the pre-training values for the trained spatial frequency and to adjacent spatial frequencies up to 0.3 CPD, suggesting a long-term increase of V1 sensitivity. This increase was totally blocked by the nAChR antagonist as well as by an M2 mAChR subtype and GABAAR antagonist. Moreover, administration of the M2 mAChR antagonist also significantly decreased the amplitude of the control VEPs, suggesting a suppressive effect on cortical responsiveness. However, the M1 mAChR antagonist blocked the increase of the VEP amplitude only for the high spatial frequency (0.3 CPD), suggesting that M1 role was limited to the spread of the enhancement effect to a higher spatial frequency. More generally, all the drugs used did block the VEP increase at 0.3 CPD. Further, use of each of the aforementioned receptor antagonists blocked training-induced changes in gamma and beta band oscillations. These findings demonstrate that visual training coupled with cholinergic stimulation improved perceptual sensitivity by enhancing cortical responsiveness in V1. This enhancement is mainly mediated by nAChRs, M2 mAChRs and GABAARs. The M1 mAChR subtype appears to be involved in spreading the enhancement of V1 cortical responsiveness to adjacent neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Il Kang
- École d’optométrie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues
- École d’optométrie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Elvire Vaucher
- École d’optométrie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Kerbler GM, Nedelska Z, Fripp J, Laczó J, Vyhnalek M, Lisý J, Hamlin AS, Rose S, Hort J, Coulson EJ. Basal Forebrain Atrophy Contributes to Allocentric Navigation Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:185. [PMID: 26441643 PMCID: PMC4585346 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain degenerates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and this process is believed to contribute to the cognitive decline observed in AD patients. Impairment in spatial navigation is an early feature of the disease but whether basal forebrain dysfunction in AD is responsible for the impaired navigation skills of AD patients is not known. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between basal forebrain volume and performance in real space as well as computer-based navigation paradigms in an elderly cohort comprising cognitively normal controls, subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and those with AD. We also tested whether basal forebrain volume could predict the participants’ ability to perform allocentric- vs. egocentric-based navigation tasks. The basal forebrain volume was calculated from 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and navigation skills were assessed using the human analog of the Morris water maze employing allocentric, egocentric, and mixed allo/egocentric real space as well as computerized tests. When considering the entire sample, we found that basal forebrain volume correlated with spatial accuracy in allocentric (cued) and mixed allo/egocentric navigation tasks but not the egocentric (uncued) task, demonstrating an important role of the basal forebrain in mediating cue-based spatial navigation capacity. Regression analysis revealed that, although hippocampal volume reflected navigation performance across the entire sample, basal forebrain volume contributed to mixed allo/egocentric navigation performance in the AD group, whereas hippocampal volume did not. This suggests that atrophy of the basal forebrain contributes to aspects of navigation impairment in AD that are independent of hippocampal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg M Kerbler
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic ; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- Computational Informatics, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
| | - Jan Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic ; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic ; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Lisý
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Adam S Hamlin
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
| | - Stephen Rose
- Computational Informatics, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital , Prague , Czech Republic ; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth J Coulson
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
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Newhouse P, Dumas J. Estrogen-cholinergic interactions: Implications for cognitive aging. Horm Behav 2015; 74:173-85. [PMID: 26187712 PMCID: PMC4573353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and Cognition". While many studies in humans have investigated the effects of estrogen and hormone therapy on cognition, potential neurobiological correlates of these effects have been less well studied. An important site of action for estrogen in the brain is the cholinergic system. Several decades of research support the critical role of CNS cholinergic systems in cognition in humans, particularly in learning and memory formation and attention. In humans, the cholinergic system has been implicated in many aspects of cognition including the partitioning of attentional resources, working memory, inhibition of irrelevant information, and improved performance on effort-demanding tasks. Studies support the hypothesis that estradiol helps to maintain aspects of attention and verbal and visual memory. Such cognitive domains are exactly those modulated by cholinergic systems and extensive basic and preclinical work over the past several decades has clearly shown that basal forebrain cholinergic systems are dependent on estradiol support for adequate functioning. This paper will review recent human studies from our laboratories and others that have extended preclinical research examining estrogen-cholinergic interactions to humans. Studies examined include estradiol and cholinergic antagonist reversal studies in normal older women, examinations of the neural representations of estrogen-cholinergic interactions using functional brain imaging, and studies of the ability of selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen to interact with cholinergic-mediated cognitive performance. We also discuss the implications of these studies for the underlying hypotheses of cholinergic-estrogen interactions and cognitive aging, and indications for prophylactic and therapeutic potential that may exploit these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Julie Dumas
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Vreeker A, van Bergen AH, Kahn RS. Cognitive enhancing agents in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:969-1002. [PMID: 25957798 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia and is also present in bipolar disorder (BD). Whereas decreased intelligence precedes the onset of psychosis in schizophrenia and remains relatively stable thereafter; high intelligence is a risk factor for bipolar illness but cognitive function decreases after onset of symptoms. While in schizophrenia, many studies have been conducted on the development of cognitive enhancing agents; in BD such studies are almost non-existent. This review focuses on the pharmacological agents with putative effects on cognition in both schizophrenia and bipolar illness; specifically agents targeting the dopaminergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter pathways in schizophrenia and the cognitive effects of lithium, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics in BD. In the final analysis we conclude that cognitive enhancing agents have not yet been produced convincingly for schizophrenia and have hardly been studied in BD. Importantly, studies should focus on other phases of the illness. To be able to treat cognitive deficits effectively in schizophrenia, patients in the very early stages of the illness, or even before - in the ultra-high risk stages - should be targeted. In contrast, cognitive deficits occur later in BD, and therefore drugs should be tested in BD after the onset of illness. Hopefully, we will then find effective drugs for the incapacitating effects of cognitive deficits in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Vreeker
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, The Netherlands
| | - Annet H van Bergen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, The Netherlands.
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Yegla B, Parikh V. Rejuvenating procholinergic treatments for cognition enhancement in AD: current challenges and future prospects. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 8:254. [PMID: 25674054 PMCID: PMC4309160 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Meyer-Baron M, Knapp G, Schäper M, van Thriel C. Meta-analysis on occupational exposure to pesticides--neurobehavioral impact and dose-response relationships. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:234-45. [PMID: 25460642 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
While the health impact of high exposures to pesticides is acknowledged, the impact of chronic exposures in the absence of acute poisonings is controversial. A systematic analysis of dose-response relationships is still missing. Its absence may provoke alternative explanations for altered performances. Consequently, opportunities for health prevention in the occupational and environmental field may be missed. Objectives were (1) quantification of the neurotoxic impact of pesticides by an analysis of functional alterations in workers measured by neuropsychological performance tests, (2) estimates of dose-response relationships on the basis of exposure duration, and (3) exploration of susceptible subgroups. The meta-analysis employed a random effects model to obtain overall effects for individual performance tests. Twenty-two studies with a total of 1758 exposed and 1260 reference individuals met the inclusion criteria. At least three independent outcomes were available for twenty-six performance variables. Significant performance effects were shown in adults and referred to both cognitive and motor performances. Effect sizes ranging from dRE=-0.14 to dRE=-0.67 showed consistent outcomes for memory and attention. Relationships between effect sizes and exposure duration were indicated for individual performance variables and the total of measured performances. Studies on adolescents had to be analyzed separately due to numerous outliers. The large variation among outcomes hampered the analysis of the susceptibility in this group, while data on female workers was too scant for the analysis. Relationships exist between the impact of pesticides on performances and exposure duration. A change in test paradigms would help to decipher the impact more specifically. The use of biomarkers appropriate for lower exposures would allow a better prevention of neurotoxic effects due to occupational and environmental exposure. Intervention studies in adolescents seem warranted to specify their risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Meyer-Baron
- IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Research Group: Neurotoxicology and Chemosensation, Ardeystr. 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Guido Knapp
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Statistics, Vogelpothsweg 87, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Schäper
- IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Research Group: Neurotoxicology and Chemosensation, Ardeystr. 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Research Group: Neurotoxicology and Chemosensation, Ardeystr. 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
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Lim HK, Jung WS, Jeong JH, Seo HJ, Kim TW, Han JH, Lee CU, Hong SC. Aberrant Gray Matter Structure Associated with Sleep Disturbance in the Drug Naïve Subjects with Alzheimer’s Disease. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2014.5.2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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The nicotinic cholinergic system function in the human brain. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:289-301. [PMID: 25446570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research on the nicotinic cholinergic system function in the brain was previously mainly derived from animal studies, yet, research in humans is growing. Up to date, findings allow significant advances on the understanding of nicotinic cholinergic effects on human cognition, emotion and behavior using a range of functional brain imaging approaches such as pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography. Studies provided insights across various mechanistic psychological domains using different tasks as well as at rest in both healthy individuals and patient populations, with so far partly mixed results reporting both enhancements and decrements of neural activity related to the nicotinic cholinergic system. Moreover, studies on the relation between brain structure and the nicotinic cholinergic system add important information in this context. The present review summarizes the current status of human brain imaging studies and presents the findings within a theoretical and clinical perspective as they may be useful not only for an advancement of the understanding of basic nicotinic cholinergic-related mechanisms, but also for the development and integration of psychological and pharmacological treatment approaches. Patterns of functional neuroanatomy and neural circuitry across various cognitive and emotional domains may be used as neuropsychological markers of mental disorders such as addiction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease or schizophrenia, where nicotinic cholinergic system changes are characteristic. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: From Molecular Biology to Cognition'.
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Kang JI, Huppé-Gourgues F, Vaucher E. Boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:172. [PMID: 25278848 PMCID: PMC4167004 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system is a potent neuromodulatory system that plays critical roles in cortical plasticity, attention and learning. In this review, we propose that the cellular effects of acetylcholine (ACh) in the primary visual cortex during the processing of visual inputs might induce perceptual learning; i.e., long-term changes in visual perception. Specifically, the pairing of cholinergic activation with visual stimulation increases the signal-to-noise ratio, cue detection ability and long-term facilitation in the primary visual cortex. This cholinergic enhancement would increase the strength of thalamocortical afferents to facilitate the treatment of a novel stimulus while decreasing the cortico-cortical signaling to reduce recurrent or top-down modulation. This balance would be mediated by different cholinergic receptor subtypes that are located on both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of the different cortical layers. The mechanisms of cholinergic enhancement are closely linked to attentional processes, long-term potentiation (LTP) and modulation of the excitatory/inhibitory balance. Recently, it was found that boosting the cholinergic system during visual training robustly enhances sensory perception in a long-term manner. Our hypothesis is that repetitive pairing of cholinergic and sensory stimulation over a long period of time induces long-term changes in the processing of trained stimuli that might improve perceptual ability. Various non-invasive approaches to the activation of the cholinergic neurons have strong potential to improve visual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Il Kang
- École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Département de Neuroscience, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Elvire Vaucher
- École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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Koola MM, Buchanan RW, Pillai A, Aitchison KJ, Weinberger DR, Aaronson ST, Dickerson FB. Potential role of the combination of galantamine and memantine to improve cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 157:84-9. [PMID: 24878431 PMCID: PMC4099270 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) and Treatment Units for Research on Neurocognition and Schizophrenia projects were designed to facilitate the development of new drugs for the treatment of cognitive impairments in people with schizophrenia. The MATRICS project identified three drug mechanisms of particular interest: dopaminergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic. As a group, while people with schizophrenia have moderate cognitive impairment, it is the best predictor of long-term outcome. Unfortunately, there are no approved medications for cognitive impairment in this population. Hence, the development of new pharmacological approaches is critical for reducing illness-related disability. The combination of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) and memantine is more effective than either medication alone to improve cognition in Alzheimer's dementia. Galantamine is not only an AChEI, but also a positive allosteric modulator of the α4β2 and α7 nicotinic receptors. Hypofunction of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia and hence memantine may positively impact cognition. Memantine decreases the tonic NMDA current and galantamine enhances the action potential mediated by a postsynaptic NMDA current. This results in an increased signal transmission; therefore, a greater signal-to-noise ratio occurs with the combination than memantine alone. Galantamine improves the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazol-propionate (AMPA)-mediated signaling which could be neuroprotective and may improve memory coding. The combination of galantamine and memantine may be particularly effective in schizophrenia in order to increase the selective cognition enhancement produced by either medication alone. In the future, multitarget-directed ligands may play a role in the treatment of complex diseases like schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maju Mathew Koola
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Robert W. Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine J. Aitchison
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott T. Aaronson
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Faith B. Dickerson
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Moretti DV, Frisoni GB, Binetti G, Zanetti O. Comparison of the effects of transdermal and oral rivastigmine on cognitive function and EEG markers in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:179. [PMID: 25100996 PMCID: PMC4107674 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older patients. Rivastigmine (RV, Exelon, Novartis), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, improves clinical manifestations of AD and may enhance ACh-modulated electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha frequency. This pilot study aimed to determine the effects of two formulations of RV [transdermal patch (RV-TDP) and oral capsules (TV-CP)] on alpha frequency, in particular the posterior dominant rhythm, and cognitive function [assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)] in patients with AD. METHODS Subjects with AD were assigned to receive either RV-TDP 10 cm(2) or RV-CP 12 mg/day. All patients underwent EEG recordings at the beginning and end of the 18-month study period using P3, P4, O1, and O2 electrodes, each at high (10.5-13.0 Hz) and low (8.0-10.5 Hz) frequency. MMSE scores were determined at the start of the study (T0) and at three successive 6-month intervals (T1, T2, and T3). RESULTS RV-TDP administration (n = 10) maintained cognitive function as evidenced by stable MMSE scores from baseline to 18 months (21.07 ± 2.4-21.2 ± 3.1) compared with a decrease in MMSE score with RV-CP (n = 10) over 18 months [18.3 ± 3.6-13.6 ± 5.06 (adjusted for covariates p = 0.006)]. MMSE scores were significantly different between treatment groups from 6 months (p = 0.04). RV-TDP also increased the spectral power of alpha waves in the posterior region measured with electrode P3 in a significantly great percentage of patients than TV-CP from baseline to 18 months; 80% vs 30%, respectively [p = 0.025 (χ (2) test)]. CONCLUSIONS RV-TDP was associated with a greater proportion of patients with increased posterior region alpha wave spectral power and significantly higher cognitive function at 18 months, compared with RV-CP treatment. Our findings suggest that RV-TDP provides an effective long-term management option in patients with AD compared with oral RV-CP. This study is a pilot, open-label study with a clear explorative purpose and with a small number of patients. Further randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studies with a bigger sample size as well as healthy controls are needed to support these initial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide V Moretti
- Scientific Institute for Research and Care of Alzheimer's and Psychiatric Diseases, San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Scientific Institute for Research and Care of Alzheimer's and Psychiatric Diseases, San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Scientific Institute for Research and Care of Alzheimer's and Psychiatric Diseases, San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
| | - Orazio Zanetti
- Scientific Institute for Research and Care of Alzheimer's and Psychiatric Diseases, San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
AbstractIn The Cognitive-Emotional Brain (Pessoa 2013), I describe the many ways that emotion and cognition interact and are integrated in the brain. The book summarizes five areas of research that support this integrative view and makes four arguments to organize each area. (1) Based on rodent and human data, I propose that the amygdala's functions go beyond emotion as traditionally conceived. Furthermore, the processing of emotion-laden information is capacity limited, thus not independent of attention and awareness. (2) Cognitive-emotional interactions in the human prefrontal cortex (PFC) assume diverse forms and are not limited to mutual suppression. Particularly, the lateral PFC is a focal point for cognitive-emotional interactions. (3) Interactions between motivation and cognition can be seen across a range of perceptual and cognitive tasks. Motivation shapes behavior in specific ways – for example, by reducing response conflict or via selective effects on working memory. Traditional accounts, by contrast, typically describe motivation as a global activation independent of particular control demands. (4) Perception and cognition are directly influenced by information with affective or motivational content in powerful ways. A dual competition model outlines a framework for such interactions at the perceptual and executive levels. A specific neural architecture is proposed that embeds emotional and motivational signals into perception and cognition through multiple channels. (5) A network perspective should supplant the strategy of understanding the brain in terms of individual regions. More broadly, in a network view of brain architecture, “emotion” and “cognition” may be used as labels of certain behaviors, but will not map cleanly into compartmentalized pieces of the brain.
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Brain Network Activation (BNA) reveals scopolamine-induced impairment of visual working memory. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:59-70. [PMID: 24535560 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The overarching goal of this event-related potential (ERP) study was to examine the effects of scopolamine on the dynamics of brain network activation using a novel ERP network analysis method known as Brain Network Activation (BNA). BNA was used for extracting group-common stimulus-activated network patterns elicited to matching probe stimuli in the context of a delayed matching-to-sample task following placebo and scopolamine treatments administered to healthy participants. The BNA extracted networks revealed the existence of two pathophysiological mechanisms following scopolamine, disconnection, and compensation. Specifically, weaker frontal theta and parietal alpha coupling was accompanied with enhanced fronto-centro-parietal theta activation relative to placebo. In addition, using the characteristic BNA network of each treatment as well as corresponding literature-guided selective subnetworks as combined biomarkers managed to differentiate between individual responses to each of the treatments. Behavioral effects associated with scopolamine included delayed response time and impaired response accuracy. These results indicate that the BNA method is sensitive to the effects of scopolamine on working memory and that it may potentially enable diagnosis and treatment assessment of dysfunctions associated with cholinergic deficiency.
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Earp BD, Sandberg A, Kahane G, Savulescu J. When is diminishment a form of enhancement? Rethinking the enhancement debate in biomedical ethics. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:12. [PMID: 24550792 PMCID: PMC3912453 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhancement debate in neuroscience and biomedical ethics tends to focus on the augmentation of certain capacities or functions: memory, learning, attention, and the like. Typically, the point of contention is whether these augmentative enhancements should be considered permissible for individuals with no particular “medical” disadvantage along any of the dimensions of interest. Less frequently addressed in the literature, however, is the fact that sometimes the diminishment of a capacity or function, under the right set of circumstances, could plausibly contribute to an individual's overall well-being: more is not always better, and sometimes less is more. Such cases may be especially likely, we suggest, when trade-offs in our modern environment have shifted since the environment of evolutionary adaptation. In this article, we introduce the notion of “diminishment as enhancement” and go on to defend a welfarist conception of enhancement. We show how this conception resolves a number of definitional ambiguities in the enhancement literature, and we suggest that it can provide a useful framework for thinking about the use of emerging neurotechnologies to promote human flourishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Earp
- Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Institute for Science and Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Anders Sandberg
- Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Guy Kahane
- Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Julian Savulescu
- Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Institute for Science and Ethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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Zhu W, Zhang Z, Qi J, Liu F, Chen J, Zhao J, Guo X. Adjunctive treatment for cognitive impairment in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:1317-23. [PMID: 25075190 PMCID: PMC4106965 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s64189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is closely related to real-life functioning in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of adjunctive treatment with donepezil on cognition in patients with chronic schizophrenia. This was a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of donepezil as an adjunct to antipsychotic drug therapy in patients with chronic stable schizophrenia. Sixty-one subjects were randomized to receive donepezil 5 mg/day (n=31) and/or placebo (n=30). A nine-test neuropsychological assessment battery was administered at baseline and at the end of the study. At the 12-week end point, the donepezil group showed significant improvements in the Wechsler Memory Scale Third Edition Spatial Span, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test total recall and delayed recall, Trail-Making Test Part A, and Category Fluency Test-animal naming (all P≤0.018). Compared with placebo, donepezil was associated with significant improvement in several cognitive domains, including working memory, speed of information processing, and visual learning and memory (P≤0.008). The results of the present study suggest that adjunctive use of donepezil is beneficial for improving cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China ; Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanchou Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Qi
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China ; National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China ; National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China ; National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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