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Wang S, Song Y, Wang Z, Chang X, Wu H, Yan Z, Wu J, He Z, Kang L, Hu W, Xia T, Li Z, Ren X, Bai Y. Neutrophil-derived PAD4 induces citrullination of CKMT1 exacerbates mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:620-633. [PMID: 38720063 PMCID: PMC11143373 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) plays a pivotal role in infection and inflammatory diseases by facilitating the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, the substrates of PAD4 and its exact role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain unclear. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and substrate citrullination mapping to decipher the role of PAD4 in intestinal inflammation associated with IBD. Our results demonstrated that PAD4 deficiency alleviated colonic inflammation and restored intestinal barrier function in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. scRNA-seq analysis revealed significant alterations in intestinal cell populations, with reduced neutrophil numbers and changes in epithelial subsets upon PAD4 deletion. Gene expression analysis highlighted pathways related to inflammation and epithelial cell function. Furthermore, we found that neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying PAD4 were secreted into intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Within IECs, PAD4 citrullinates mitochondrial creatine kinase 1 (CKMT1) at the R242 site, leading to reduced CKMT1 protein stability via the autophagy pathway. This action compromises mitochondrial homeostasis, impairs intestinal barrier integrity, and induces IECs apoptosis. IEC-specific depletion of CKMT1 exacerbated intestinal inflammation and apoptosis in mice with colitis. Clinical analysis of IBD patients revealed elevated levels of PAD4, increased CKMT1 citrullination, and decreased CKMT1 expression. In summary, our findings highlight the crucial role of PAD4 in IBD, where it modulates IECs plasticity via CKMT1 citrullination, suggesting that PAD4 may be a potential therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yihang Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin Chang
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haicong Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ziwei Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zixuan He
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tian Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xingxing Ren
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Yu Bai
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Thomas MA, Naik P, Wang H, Giles JT, Girgis AA, Kim SY, Johnson TP, Curran AM, Crawford JD, Jahanbani S, Bingham CO, Robinson WH, Na CH, Darrah E. The monocyte cell surface is a unique site of autoantigen generation in rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304199121. [PMID: 38630712 PMCID: PMC11047081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304199121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Although anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPAs) are a hallmark serological feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the mechanisms and cellular sources behind the generation of the RA citrullinome remain incompletely defined. Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PAD4), one of the key enzymatic drivers of citrullination in the RA joint, is expressed by granulocytes and monocytes; however, the subcellular localization and contribution of monocyte-derived PAD4 to the generation of citrullinated autoantigens remain underexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that PAD4 displays a widespread cellular distribution in monocytes, including expression on the cell surface. Surface PAD4 was enzymatically active and capable of citrullinating extracellular fibrinogen and endogenous surface proteins in a calcium dose-dependent manner. Fibrinogen citrullinated by monocyte-surface PAD4 could be specifically recognized over native fibrinogen by a panel of eight human monoclonal ACPAs. Several unique PAD4 substrates were identified on the monocyte surface via mass spectrometry, with citrullination of the CD11b and CD18 components of the Mac-1 integrin complex being the most abundant. Citrullinated Mac-1 was found to be a target of ACPAs in 25% of RA patients, and Mac-1 ACPAs were significantly associated with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles, higher C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels, and more erosive joint damage. Our findings implicate the monocyte cell surface as a unique and consequential site of extracellular and cell surface autoantigen generation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekha A. Thomas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Pooja Naik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Jon T. Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY10032
| | - Alexander A. Girgis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21224
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Seok-Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Tory P. Johnson
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Ashley M. Curran
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Jonathan D. Crawford
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - Shaghayegh Jahanbani
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94304
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA94550
| | - Clifton O. Bingham
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21224
| | - William H. Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94304
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA94550
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21224
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Pitter MR, Kryczek I, Zhang H, Nagarsheth N, Xia H, Wu Z, Tian Y, Okla K, Liao P, Wang W, Zhou J, Li G, Lin H, Vatan L, Grove S, Wei S, Li Y, Zou W. PAD4 controls tumor immunity via restraining the MHC class II machinery in macrophages. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113942. [PMID: 38489266 PMCID: PMC11022165 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) shape tumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy. However, it is poorly understood whether and how post-translational modifications (PTMs) intrinsically affect the phenotype and function of TAMs. Here, we reveal that peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) exhibits the highest expression among common PTM enzymes in TAMs and negatively correlates with the clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PAD4 in macrophages prevents tumor progression in tumor-bearing mouse models, accompanied by an increase in macrophage major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression and T cell effector function. Mechanistically, PAD4 citrullinates STAT1 at arginine 121, thereby promoting the interaction between STAT1 and protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1), and the loss of PAD4 abolishes this interaction, ablating the inhibitory role of PIAS1 in the expression of MHC class II machinery in macrophages and enhancing T cell activation. Thus, the PAD4-STAT1-PIAS1 axis is an immune restriction mechanism in macrophages and may serve as a cancer immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Pitter
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nisha Nagarsheth
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Houjun Xia
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuzi Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karolina Okla
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weichao Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda Vatan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara Grove
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Graduate Programs in Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Osei-Amponsa V, Chandravanshi M, Lu X, Magidson V, Das S, Andresson T, Dyba M, Sabbasani VR, Swenson RE, Fromont C, Shrestha B, Zhao Y, Clapp ME, Chari R, Walters KJ. hRpn13 shapes the proteome and transcriptome through epigenetic factors HDAC8, PADI4, and transcription factor NF-κB p50. Mol Cell 2024; 84:522-537.e8. [PMID: 38151017 PMCID: PMC10872465 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer target hRpn13 is a proteasome substrate receptor. However, hRpn13-targeting molecules do not impair its interaction with proteasomes or ubiquitin, suggesting other critical cellular activities. We find that hRpn13 depletion causes correlated proteomic and transcriptomic changes, with pronounced effects in myeloma cells for cytoskeletal and immune response proteins and bone-marrow-specific arginine deiminase PADI4. Moreover, a PROTAC against hRpn13 co-depletes PADI4, histone deacetylase HDAC8, and DNA methyltransferase MGMT. PADI4 binds and citrullinates hRpn13 and proteasomes, and proteasomes from PADI4-inhibited myeloma cells exhibit reduced peptidase activity. When off proteasomes, hRpn13 can bind HDAC8, and this interaction inhibits HDAC8 activity. Further linking hRpn13 to transcription, its loss reduces nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor p50, which proteasomes generate by cleaving its precursor protein. NF-κB inhibition depletes hRpn13 interactors PADI4 and HDAC8. Altogether, we find that hRpn13 acts dually in protein degradation and expression and that proteasome constituency and, in turn, regulation varies by cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasty Osei-Amponsa
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Monika Chandravanshi
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xiuxiu Lu
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Optical Microscopy and Image Analysis Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sudipto Das
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marzena Dyba
- Biophysics Resource, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Venkata R Sabbasani
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Caroline Fromont
- Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research and Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Biraj Shrestha
- Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Michelle E Clapp
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Rawat S, Kumar S, Duggal S, Banerjee A. Phenotypic alteration by dengue virus serotype 2 delays neutrophil apoptosis and stimulates the release of prosurvival secretome with immunomodulatory functions. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:276-292. [PMID: 37890093 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant granuloytes, are phenotypically heterogeneous, and exert detrimental or protective roles during antiviral response. Dengue virus has been reported to activate neutrophils. However, the effect of the dengue virus on the neutrophil phenotypes, survival, and release of inflammatory secretome is yet to be understood. Herein, we investigated the effect of dengue virus serotype 2 (DV-2) on effector functions of naïve neutrophils and studied the impact of its secretome on different immune cells. We found that DV-2 activates purified human neutrophils and causes a significant shift toward the CD16bright/CD62Ldim subtype in a multiplicity of infection and time-dependent manner. These phenotypically altered neutrophils show delayed apoptosis through nuclear factor κB and PI3K pathways and have decreased phagocytic capacity. Treatment of neutrophils with myeloperoxidase and PAD4 inhibitor before DV-2 incubation significantly reduced DV-2-induced double-stranded DNA release, suggesting that myeloperoxidase and PAD4 were involved at early stages for the neutrophil activation and double-stranded DNA release. We also report that DV-2-stimulated neutrophil secretome had a significant effect on viral infection, platelet activation, and naïve neutrophil survival via binding of tumor necrosis factor α to tumor necrosis factor receptor 1/2 receptors. Furthermore, incubation of endothelial cells with the DV-2-stimulated neutrophil secretome potentially inhibits proliferation and wound healing capacity and induces endothelial cell death, which can contribute to endothelial barrier dysfunction. In conclusion, the neutrophil-DV-2 interaction modulates the phenotype of neutrophils and the release of prosurvival and antiviral secretome that may act as a double-edged sword during dengue pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Rawat
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Shweta Duggal
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Laboratory of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
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Geary B, Sun B, Tilvawala RR, Barasa L, Tsoyi K, Rosas IO, Thompson PR, Ho IC. Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 citrullinates MZB1 and promotes the secretion of IgM and IgA. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290585. [PMID: 38094295 PMCID: PMC10716219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction MZB1 is an endoplasmic reticulum residential protein preferentially expressed in plasma cells, marginal zone and B1 B cells. Recent studies on murine B cells show that it interacts with the tail piece of IgM and IgA heavy chain and promotes the secretion of these two classes of immunoglobulin. However, its role in primary human B cells has yet to be determined and how its function is regulated is still unknown. The conversion of peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline, also known as citrullination, by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) can critically influence the function of proteins in immune cells, such as neutrophils and T cells; however, the role of PADs in B cells remains to be elucidated. Method An unbiased analysis of human lung citrullinome was conducted to identify citrullinated proteins that are enriched in several chronic lung diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, compared to healthy controls. Mass spectrometry, site-specific mutagenesis, and western blotting were used to confirm the citrullination of candidate proteins. Their citrullination was suppressed by pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of PAD2 and the impact of their citrullination on the function and differentiation of human B cells was examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and co-immunoprecipitation. Results Citrullinated MZB1 was preferentially enriched in RA-ILD but not in other chronic lung diseases. MZB1 was a substrate of PAD2 and was citrullinated during the differentiation of human plasmablasts. Ablation or pharmacological inhibition of PAD2 in primary human B cells attenuated the secretion of IgM and IgA but not IgG or the differentiation of IgM or IgA-expressing plasmablasts, recapitulating the effect of ablating MZB1. Furthermore, the physical interaction between endogenous MZB1 and IgM/IgA was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of PAD2. Discussion Our data confirm the function of MZB1 in primary human plasmablasts and suggest that PAD2 promotes IgM/IgA secretion by citrullinating MZB1, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and RA-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geary
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bo Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronak R. Tilvawala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Leonard Barasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Konstantin Tsoyi
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ivan O. Rosas
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - I-Cheng Ho
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Singh AK, Khan S, Moore D, Andrews S, Christophorou MA. Transcriptomic analysis of PADI4 target genes during multi-lineage differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220236. [PMID: 37778387 PMCID: PMC10542446 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian embryo development, pluripotent epiblast cells diversify into the three primary germ layers, which will later give rise to all fetal and adult tissues. These processes involve profound transcriptional and epigenetic changes that require precise coordination. Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PADI4) is a transcriptional regulator that is strongly associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis but whose physiological roles are less well understood. We previously found that Padi4 expression is associated with pluripotency. Here, we examined the role of PADI4 in maintaining the multi-lineage differentiation potential of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Using bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses of embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from Padi4 knock-out (Padi4-KO) mouse ES cells, we find that PADI4 loss impairs mesoderm diversification and differentiation of cardimyocytes and endothelial cells. Additionally, Padi4 deletion leads to concerted downregulation of genes associated with polarized growth, sterol metabolism and the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study indicates a requirement for Padi4 in the specification of the mesodermal lineage and reports the Padi4 associated transcriptome, providing a platform for understanding the physiological functions of Padi4 in development and homeostasis. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The virtues and vices of protein citrullination'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumen Khan
- Epigenetics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Daniel Moore
- Epigenetics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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Thomas MA, Kim SY, Curran AM, Smith B, Antiochos B, Na CH, Darrah E. An unbiased proteomic analysis of PAD4 in human monocytes: novel substrates, binding partners and subcellular localizations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220477. [PMID: 37778379 PMCID: PMC10542449 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PAD4) post-translationally converts arginine residues in proteins to citrullines and is implicated in playing a central role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Although PAD4 was historically thought to be a nuclear enzyme, recent evidence has revealed a more complex localization of PAD4 with evidence of additional cytosolic and cell surface localization and activity. However, the mechanisms by which PAD4, which lacks conventional secretory signal sequences, traffics to extranuclear localizations are unknown. In this study, we show that PAD4 was enriched in the organelle fraction of monocytes with evidence of citrullination of organelle proteins. We also demonstrated that PAD4 can bind to several cytosolic, nuclear and organelle proteins that may serve as binding partners for PAD4 to traffic intracellularly. Additionally, cell surface expression of PAD4 increased with monocyte differentiation into monocyte-derived dendritic cells and co-localized with several endocytic/autophagic and conventional secretory pathway markers, implicating the use of these pathways by PAD4 to traffic within the cell. Our results suggest that PAD4 is expressed in multiple subcellular localizations and may play previously unappreciated roles in physiological and pathological conditions. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The virtues and vices of protein citrullination'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekha A. Thomas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 5200 Eastern Ave, Suite 5200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Seok-Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ashley M. Curran
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 5200 Eastern Ave, Suite 5200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brendan Antiochos
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 5200 Eastern Ave, Suite 5200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 5200 Eastern Ave, Suite 5200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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9
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Neeli I, Moarefian M, Kuseladass J, Dwivedi N, Jones C, Radic M. Neutrophil attachment via Mac-1 ( αMβ2; CD11b/CD18; CR3) integrins induces PAD4 deimination of profilin and histone H3. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220247. [PMID: 37778386 PMCID: PMC10542442 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil adhesion to endothelia, entry into tissues and chemotaxis constitute essential steps in the immune response to infections that drive inflammation. Neutrophils bind to other cells and migrate via adhesion receptors, notably the αMβ2 integrin dimer (also called Mac-1, CR3 or CD11b/CD18). Here, the response of neutrophils to integrin engagement was examined by monitoring the activity of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4). Histone H3 deimination was strongly stimulated by manganese, an integrin-activating divalent cation, even in the absence of additional inflammatory stimuli. Manganese-induced cell attachment resulted in neutrophil swarm formation that paralleled histone deimination, whereas antibodies that impair integrin binding prevented both cell adhesion and histone deimination. Manganese treatment led to putative deimination of profilin, a protein that functions as an actin-organizing hub, as detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and citrulline immunoblotting. Cl-amidine, a covalent inhibitor of PAD4, and GSK484, a specific PAD4 inhibitor, blocked profilin deimination. Neutrophil migration toward leukotriene B4 and toward synovial fluid from a rheumatoid arthritis patient were inhibited by chloramidine, thus supporting the contribution of deimination to chemotaxis. The data, based on a simplified system for integrin activation, imply a mechanism whereby integrin attachment coordinates neutrophil responses to inflammation and orchestrates deimination of nuclear and cytoskeletal proteins. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The virtues and vices of protein citrullination'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Neeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Maryam Moarefian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jayalakshmi Kuseladass
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nishant Dwivedi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Caroline Jones
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Marko Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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10
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Kim HJ, Shin HR, Yoon H, Park MS, Kim BG, Moon JI, Kim WJ, Park SG, Kim KT, Kim HN, Choi JY, Ryoo HM. Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 plays a key role in osteogenesis by enhancing RUNX2 stability through citrullination. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:576. [PMID: 37648716 PMCID: PMC10468518 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase (PADI) 2 catalyzes the post-translational conversion of peptidyl-arginine to peptidyl-citrulline in a process called citrullination. However, the precise functions of PADI2 in bone formation and homeostasis remain unknown. In this study, our objective was to elucidate the function and regulatory mechanisms of PADI2 in bone formation employing global and osteoblast-specific Padi2 knockout mice. Our findings demonstrate that Padi2 deficiency leads to the loss of bone mass and results in a cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) phenotype with delayed calvarial ossification and clavicular hypoplasia, due to impaired osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, Padi2 depletion significantly reduces RUNX2 levels, as PADI2-dependent stabilization of RUNX2 protected it from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, we discovered that PADI2 binds to RUNX2 and citrullinates it, and identified ten PADI2-induced citrullination sites on RUNX2 through high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis. Among these ten citrullination sites, the R381 mutation in mouse RUNX2 isoform 1 considerably reduces RUNX2 levels, underscoring the critical role of citrullination at this residue in maintaining RUNX2 protein stability. In conclusion, these results indicate that PADI2 plays a distinct role in bone formation and osteoblast differentiation by safeguarding RUNX2 against proteasomal degradation. In addition, we demonstrate that the loss-of-function of PADI2 is associated with CCD, thereby providing a new target for the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Shin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heein Yoon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Sang Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jae-I Moon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Gwa Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Disease Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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11
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Green RM, Thompson PR. Current insights into the role of citrullination in thrombosis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102313. [PMID: 37148643 PMCID: PMC10523988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein citrullination is a post-translational modification of arginine that controls a diverse array of cellular processes, including gene regulation, protein stability, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Histone citrullination promotes chromatin decondensation and NET formation, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death that is aberrantly increased in numerous immune disorders. This review will provide insights into NETosis and how this novel form of cell death contributes to inflammatory diseases, with a particular emphasis on its role in thrombosis. We will also discuss recent efforts to develop PAD-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Madison Green
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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12
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Yun L, Kang M, Shen Y, Feng J, Yang G, Zhang J, Meng X, Chang X. Dietary Bacillus velezensis R-71003 and sodium gluconate improve antioxidant capacity, immune response and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108921. [PMID: 37385461 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus velezensis R-71003 combined with sodium gluconate on antioxidant capacity, immune response and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp. In addition, the biocontrol potential of the secondary metabolites of B. velezensis R-71003 was also evaluated to analyze the possible mechanism of B. velezensis R-71003 against A. hydrophila. The results indicated that the antibacterial crude extract of B. velezensis R-71003 can destroy the cell wall of A. hydrophila. Moreover, the results showed that dietary B. velezensis R-71003 could promote antioxidant capacity, which significantly increased the activities of CAT and SOD and decreased the content of MDA. Additionally, B. velezensis R-71003 supplementation significantly enhanced the immunity of common carp, as measured by the mRNA expression levels of cytokine-related genes (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β and IL-10). In addition, dietary B. velezensis R-71003 exhibited an upregulation of IL-10 and a downregulation of IL-1β, coupled with higher survival rates when challenged with A. hydrophila compared to the positive group. Furthermore, compared to prechallenge, the mRNA expression levels of TLR-4, MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRIF and NF-κB in the head kidney of common carp were significantly increased after challenge. The fish fed the B. velezensis R-71003 diet showed lower expression of TLR-4, MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRIF and NF-κB after the challenge than those fed the control diet. Thus, this study revealed that B. velezensis R-71003 can improve the resistance of common carp to pathogenic bacteria by destroying bacterial cell walls and improving fish immunity by activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. Importantly, this study indicated that sodium gluconate has a positive effect on B. velezensis R-71003 in enhancing the anti-infection ability of common carp. The results of this study will lay the foundation for the application of B. velezensis R-71003 in combination with sodium gluconate as an alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yun
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Meiru Kang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Yihao Shen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Junchang Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Xulu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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13
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Zhu C, Liu C, Chai Z. Role of the PADI family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancers: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1115794. [PMID: 37020554 PMCID: PMC10067674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl arginine deiminase (PADI) family is a calcium ion-dependent group of isozymes with sequence similarity that catalyze the citrullination of proteins. Histones can serve as the target substrate of PADI family isozymes, and therefore, the PADI family is involved in NETosis and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the PADI family is associated with the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancer, reproductive development, and other related diseases. In this review, we systematically discuss the role of the PADI family in the pathogenesis of various diseases based on studies from the past decade to provide a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyan Liu, ; Zhengbin Chai,
| | - Zhengbin Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyan Liu, ; Zhengbin Chai,
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14
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Lv C, Sun M, Guo Y, Xia W, Qiao S, Tao Y, Fang Y, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Yalikun Y, Xia Y, Wei Z, Dai Y. Cholinergic dysfunction-induced insufficient activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor drives the development of rheumatoid arthritis through promoting protein citrullination via the SP3/PAD4 pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1600-1615. [PMID: 37139415 PMCID: PMC10150100 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Both cholinergic dysfunction and protein citrullination are the hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the relationship between the two phenomena remains unclear. We explored whether and how cholinergic dysfunction accelerates protein citrullination and consequently drives the development of RA. Cholinergic function and protein citrullination levels in patients with RA and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were collected. In both neuron-macrophage coculture system and CIA mice, the effect of cholinergic dysfunction on protein citrullination and expression of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) was assessed by immunofluorescence. The key transcription factors for PAD4 expression were predicted and validated. Cholinergic dysfunction in the patients with RA and CIA mice negatively correlated with the degree of protein citrullination in synovial tissues. The cholinergic or alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) deactivation and activation resulted in the promotion and reduction of protein citrullination in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Especially, the activation deficiency of α7nAChR induced the earlier onset and aggravation of CIA. Furthermore, deactivation of α7nAChR increased the expression of PAD4 and specificity protein-3 (SP3) in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that cholinergic dysfunction-induced deficient α7nAChR activation, which induces the expression of SP3 and its downstream molecule PAD4, accelerating protein citrullination and the development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Lv
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minghui Sun
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yilei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenxin Xia
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Simiao Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yulai Fang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yusufu Yalikun
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Corresponding authors.
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15
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Damascena HL, Silveira WAA, Castro MS, Fontes W. Neutrophil Activated by the Famous and Potent PMA (Phorbol Myristate Acetate). Cells 2022; 11:cells11182889. [PMID: 36139464 PMCID: PMC9496763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will briefly outline the major signaling pathways in PMA-activated neutrophils. PMA is widely used to understand neutrophil pathways and formation of NETs. PMA activates PKC; however, we highlight some isoforms that contribute to specific functions. PKC α, β and δ contribute to ROS production while PKC βII and PKC ζ are involved in cytoskeleton remodeling. Actin polymerization is important for the chemotaxis of neutrophils and its remodeling is connected to ROS balance. We suggest that, although ROS and production of NETs are usually observed together in PMA-activated neutrophils, there might be a regulatory mechanism balancing both. Interestingly, we suggest that serine proteases might determine the PAD4 action. PAD4 could be responsible for the activation of the NF-κB pathway that leads to IL-1β release, triggering the cleavage of gasdermin D by serine proteases such as elastase, leading to pore formation contributing to release of NETs. On the other hand, when serine proteases are inhibited, NETs are formed by citrullination through the PAD4 pathway. This review puts together results from the last 31 years of research on the effects of PMA on the neutrophil and proposes new insights on their interpretation.
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16
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Romão VC, Fonseca JE. Disease mechanisms in preclinical rheumatoid arthritis: A narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:689711. [PMID: 36059838 PMCID: PMC9437632 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.689711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the concept of preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has become established. In fact, the discovery that disease mechanisms start years before the onset of clinical RA has been one of the major recent insights in the understanding of RA pathogenesis. In accordance with the complex nature of the disease, preclinical events extend over several sequential phases. In a genetically predisposed host, environmental factors will further increase susceptibility for incident RA. In the initial steps of preclinical disease, immune disturbance mechanisms take place outside the joint compartment, namely in mucosal surfaces, such as the lung, gums or gut. Herein, the persistent immunologic response to altered antigens will lead to breach of tolerance and trigger autoimmunity. In a second phase, the immune response matures and is amplified at a systemic level, with epitope spreading and widening of the autoantibody repertoire. Finally, the synovial and bone compartment are targeted by specific autoantibodies against modified antigens, initiating a local inflammatory response that will eventually culminate in clinically evident synovitis. In this review, we discuss the elaborate disease mechanisms in place during preclinical RA, providing a broad perspective in the light of current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco C. Romão
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre and European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ERN-ReCONNET), Lisbon, Portugal
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Gómez-Bañuelos E, Konig MF, Andrade F. Microbial pathways to subvert host immunity generate citrullinated neoantigens targeted in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102423. [PMID: 35834948 PMCID: PMC9668488 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The specific association between antibodies to citrullinated proteins and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has centered interest on understanding why citrullinated proteins become immunogenic in this disease, which is believed to inform the origins of autoimmunity in RA. Since citrullination is a physiologic post-translational modification (PTM), one theory is that conditions promoting abnormal citrullination are initiators of self-reactive immune responses to citrullinated proteins in RA. Foremost candidates that dysregulate the normal balance of citrullination are microbial agents, which can exploit citrullination as an effector mechanism to subvert host antimicrobial activities and maximize their progeny. Here, we will use the host-pathogen interface as a unifying model to link microbe-induced citrullination and the loss of immunological tolerance to citrullinated antigens in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gómez-Bañuelos
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. https://twitter.com/@Eduardo95668787
| | - Maximilian F Konig
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. https://twitter.com/@MaxKonigMD
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Cela D, Knackstedt SL, Groves S, Rice CM, Kwon JTW, Mordmüller B, Amulic B. PAD4 controls chemoattractant production and neutrophil trafficking in malaria. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1235-1242. [PMID: 34755385 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ab1120-780r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a key regulator of inflammation but its function in infections remains incompletely understood. We investigate PAD4 in the context of malaria and demonstrate a role in regulation of immune cell trafficking and chemokine production. PAD4 regulates liver immunopathology by promoting neutrophil trafficking in a Plasmodium chabaudi mouse malaria model. In human macrophages, PAD4 regulates expression of CXCL chemokines in response to stimulation with TLR ligands and P. falciparum. Using patient samples, we show that CXCL1 may be a biomarker for severe malaria. PAD4 inhibition promotes disease tolerance and may represent a therapeutic avenue in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drinalda Cela
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Sarah Groves
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher M Rice
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | - Jamie Tae Wook Kwon
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Borko Amulic
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, UK
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19
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Christophorou MA. The virtues and vices of protein citrullination. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220125. [PMID: 35706669 PMCID: PMC9174705 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modification of proteins expands the regulatory scope of the proteome far beyond what is achievable through genome regulation. The field of protein citrullination has seen significant progress in the last two decades. The small family of peptidylarginine deiminase (PADI or PAD) enzymes, which catalyse citrullination, have been implicated in virtually all facets of molecular and cell biology, from gene transcription and epigenetics to cell signalling and metabolism. We have learned about their association with a remarkable array of disease states and we are beginning to understand how they mediate normal physiological functions. However, while the biochemistry of PADI activation has been worked out in exquisite detail in vitro, we still lack a clear mechanistic understanding of the processes that regulate PADIs within cells, under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge, highlights some of the unanswered questions of immediate importance and gives a perspective on the outlook of the citrullination field.
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20
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Kim HJ, Kim WJ, Shin HR, Yoon HI, Moon JI, Lee E, Lim JM, Cho YD, Lee MH, Kim HG, Ryoo HM. ROS-induced PADI2 downregulation accelerates cellular senescence via the stimulation of SASP production and NFκB activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:155. [PMID: 35218410 PMCID: PMC8882118 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is closely related to tissue aging including bone. Bone homeostasis is maintained by the tight balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, but it undergoes deregulation with age, causing age-associated osteoporosis, a main cause of which is osteoblast dysfunction. Oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bone tissues with aging can accelerate osteoblast senescence and dysfunction. However, the regulatory mechanism that controls the ROS-induced senescence of osteoblasts is poorly understood. Here, we identified Peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2), a post-translational modifying enzyme, as a regulator of ROS-accelerated senescence of osteoblasts via RNA-sequencing and further functional validations. PADI2 downregulation by treatment with H2O2 or its siRNA promoted cellular senescence and suppressed osteoblast differentiation. CCL2, 5, and 7 known as the elements of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which is a secretome including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines emitted by senescent cells and a representative feature of senescence, were upregulated by H2O2 treatment or Padi2 knockdown. Furthermore, blocking these SASP factors with neutralizing antibodies or siRNAs alleviated the senescence and dysfunction of osteoblasts induced by H2O2 treatment or Padi2 knockdown. The elevated production of these SASP factors was mediated by the activation of NFκB signaling pathway. The inhibition of NFκB using the pharmacological inhibitor or siRNA effectively relieved H2O2 treatment- or Padi2 knockdown-induced senescence and osteoblast dysfunction. Together, our study for the first time uncover the role of PADI2 in ROS-accelerated cellular senescence of osteoblasts and provide new mechanistic and therapeutic insights into excessive ROS-promoted cellular senescence and aging-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Shin
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-In Yoon
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-I Moon
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Muk Lim
- Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Alopax-Algo, Co. Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Dan Cho
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Lee
- Department of Biology and Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hong-Gee Kim
- Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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21
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Tsoyi K, Esposito AJ, Sun B, Bowen RG, Xiong K, Poli F, Cardenas R, Chu SG, Liang X, Ryter SW, Beeton C, Doyle TJ, Robertson MJ, Celada LJ, Romero F, El-Chemaly SY, Perrella MA, Ho IC, Rosas IO. Syndecan-2 regulates PAD2 to exert antifibrotic effects on RA-ILD fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2847. [PMID: 35181688 PMCID: PMC8857282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is the most common pulmonary complication of RA, increasing morbidity and mortality. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies have been associated with the development and progression of both RA and fibrotic lung disease; however, the role of protein citrullination in RA-ILD remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2), an enzyme that catalyzes protein citrullination, is increased in lung homogenates from subjects with RA-ILD and their lung fibroblasts. Chemical inhibition or genetic knockdown of PAD2 in RA-ILD fibroblasts attenuated their activation, marked by decreased myofibroblast differentiation, gel contraction, and extracellular matrix gene expression. Treatment of RA-ILD fibroblasts with the proteoglycan syndecan-2 (SDC2) yielded similar antifibrotic effects through regulation of PAD2 expression, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling, and Sp1 activation in a CD148-dependent manner. Furthermore, SDC2-transgenic mice exposed to bleomycin-induced lung injury in an inflammatory arthritis model expressed lower levels of PAD2 and were protected from the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Together, our results support a SDC2-sensitive profibrotic role for PAD2 in RA-ILD fibroblasts and identify PAD2 as a promising therapeutic target of RA-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Tsoyi
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Anthony J Esposito
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan G Bowen
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Poli
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rafael Cardenas
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sarah G Chu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tracy J Doyle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Robertson
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lindsay J Celada
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Freddy Romero
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Souheil Y El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Cheng Ho
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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22
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Yu K, Proost P. Insights into peptidylarginine deiminase expression and citrullination pathways. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:746-761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Hou J, Jeon B, Baek J, Yun Y, Kim D, Chang B, Kim S, Kim S. High fat diet-induced brain damaging effects through autophagy-mediated senescence, inflammation and apoptosis mitigated by ginsenoside F1-enhanced mixture. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:79-90. [PMID: 35058728 PMCID: PMC8753566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herbal medicines are popular approaches to capably prevent and treat obesity and its related diseases. Excessive exposure to dietary lipids causes oxidative stress and inflammation, which possibly induces cellular senescence and contribute the damaging effects in brain. The potential roles of selective enhanced ginsenoside in regulating high fat diet (HFD)-induced brain damage remain unknown. Methods The protection function of Ginsenoside F1-enhanced mixture (SGB121) was evaluated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Human primary astrocytes and SH-SY5Y cells were treated with palmitic acid conjugated Bovine Serum Albumin, and the effects of SGB121 were determined by MTT and lipid uptake assays. For in vivo tests, C57BL/6J mice were fed with high fat diet for 3 months with or without SGB121 administration. Thereafter, immunohistochemistry, western blot, PCR and ELISA assays were conducted with brain tissues. Results and conclusion SGB121 selectively suppressed HFD-induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence in brain, and reduced subsequent inflammation responses manifested by abrogated secretion of IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα via NF-κB signaling pathway. Interestingly, SGB121 protects against HFD-induced damage by improving mitophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-stress associated autophagy flux and inhibiting apoptosis. In addition, SGB121 regulates lipid uptake and accumulation by FATP4 and PPARα. SGB121 significantly abates excessively phosphorylated tau protein in the cortex and GFAP activation in corpus callosum. Together, our results suggest that SGB121 is able to favor the resistance of brain to HFD-induced damage, therefore provide explicit evidence of the potential to be a functional food. High fat diet induces oxidative stress and subsequent cellular senescence in mice brain. High fat diet induces pathologies in cortex and GFAP activation in corpus callosum. Ginsenoside F1-enhanced mixture ameliorates damaging effect by modulating autophagy flux and inflammation.
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24
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Vikhe Patil K, Mak KHM, Genander M. A Hairy Cituation - PADIs in Regeneration and Alopecia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:789676. [PMID: 34966743 PMCID: PMC8710808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.789676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this Review article, we focus on delineating the expression and function of Peptidyl Arginine Delminases (PADIs) in the hair follicle stem cell lineage and in inflammatory alopecia. We outline our current understanding of cellular processes influenced by protein citrullination, the PADI mediated posttranslational enzymatic conversion of arginine to citrulline, by exploring citrullinomes from normal and inflamed tissues. Drawing from other stem cell lineages, we detail the potential function of PADIs and specific citrullinated protein residues in hair follicle stem cell activation, lineage specification and differentiation. We highlight PADI3 as a mediator of hair shaft differentiation and display why mutations in PADI3 are linked to human alopecia. Furthermore, we propose mechanisms of PADI4 dependent fine-tuning of the hair follicle lineage progression. Finally, we discuss citrullination in the context of inflammatory alopecia. We present how infiltrating neutrophils establish a citrullination-driven self-perpetuating proinflammatory circuitry resulting in T-cell recruitment and activation contributing to hair follicle degeneration. In summary, we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective on how citrullination modulates hair follicle regeneration and contributes to inflammatory alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Vikhe Patil
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kylie Hin-Man Mak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Genander
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Mao L, Mostafa R, Ibili E, Fert-Bober J. Role of protein deimination in cardiovascular diseases: potential new avenues for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:1059-1071. [PMID: 34929115 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.2018303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arginine deimination (citrullination) is a post-translational modification catalyzed by a family of peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes. Cell-based functional studies and animal models have manifested the key role of PADs in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). AREA COVERED This review summarizes the latest developments in the role of PADs in CVD pathogenesis. It focuses on the PAD functions and diverse citrullinated proteins in cardiovascular conditions like deep vein thrombosis, ischemia/reperfusion, and atherosclerosis. Identification of PAD isoforms and citrullinated targets are essential for directing diagnosis and clinical intervention. Finally, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are addressed as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. A search of PubMed biomedical literature from the past ten years was performed with a combination of the following keywords: PAD/PADI, deimination/citrullination, autoimmune, fibrosis, NET, neutrophil, macrophage, inflammation, inflammasome, cardiovascular, heart disease, myocardial infarction, ischemia, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and aging. Additional papers from retrieved articles were also considered. EXPERT OPINION PADs are unique family of enzymes that converts peptidyl-arginine to -citrulline in protein permanently. Overexpression or increased activity of PAD has been observed in various CVDs with acute and chronic inflammation as the background. Importantly, far beyond being simply involved in forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), accumulating evidence indicated PAD activation as a trigger for numerous processes, such as transcriptional regulation, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombus formation. In summary, the findings so far have testified the important role of deimination in cardiovascular biology, while more basic and translational studies are essential to further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rowann Mostafa
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Esra Ibili
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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26
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Aoyama J, Osaka M, Deushi M, Hosoya S, Ishigami A, Maehara T, Yoshida M. CXCL1-Triggered PAD4 Cytoplasmic Translocation Enhances Neutrophil Adhesion through Citrullination of PDIA1. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:1307-1318. [PMID: 34880166 PMCID: PMC9444809 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Vascular inflammation is critical for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Previously, we reported that neutrophils adhere to the vascular endothelium in low-density lipoprotein receptor null mice fed a high-fat diet through hypercitrullination of histone H3 by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in neutrophils. However, the involvement of PAD4 and citrullination of proteins other than histone H3 in neutrophil adhesion is not well known. In this study, we investigated the function of PAD4 and identified citrullinated proteins during vascular inflammation.
Methods: We pefformed flow assay under physiological flow conditions using differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells stimulated with CXCL1 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, phalloidin stain for dHL-60 stimulated with CXCL1 to observe F-actin polymerization and immunohistochemistry for the activated β2-integrin was conducted. To identify a target of citrullination in the cytoplasm of dHL-60 cells, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for dHL-60 stimulated with CXCL1 was performed.
Results: Inhibition or knockdown of PAD4 significantly decreased adhesion of under physiological flow conditions. Thr-Asp-F-amidine trifluoroacetate salt (TDFA), a PAD4 inhibitor, inhibited cytoplasmic translocation of PAD4 by CXCL1. TDFA or knockdown of PAD4 significantly decreased expression of β2-integrin and F-actin polymerization activated by CXCL1. Moreover, LC-MS/MS identified protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) as a target of citrullination in the cytoplasm of dHL-60 cells. Knockdown of PDIA1 significantly decreased adhesion of dHL-60 cells to HUVECs, expression of β2-integrin, and F-actin polymerization.
Conclusions: Cytoplasmic translocation of PAD4 by CXCL1 induces neutrophil adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and citrullination of PDIA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Aoyama
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Mizuko Osaka
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Department of Nutrition and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Michiyo Deushi
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shoichi Hosoya
- Research Core, Research Facility Cluster, Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Research Team for Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Taketoshi Maehara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Investigation of H 2S Donor Treatment on Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Experimental Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312729. [PMID: 34884536 PMCID: PMC8657984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, immune-mediated disorders, which affect the gastrointestinal tract with intermittent ulceration. It is increasingly clear that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) seem to have a role in IBD; however, the associated pathogenesis is still not known. Furthermore, several conventional therapies are available against IBD, although these might have side effects. Our current study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatment on NETs formation and on the expression of inflammatory mediators in experimental rat colitis. To model IBD, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was administered intracolonically (i.c.) to Wistar-Harlan male rats. Animals were treated (2 times/day) with H2S donor Lawesson's reagent per os. Our results showed that H2S treatment significantly decreased the extent of colonic lesions. Furthermore, the expression of members of NETs formation: peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inflammatory regulators, such as nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were reduced in H2S treated group compared to TNBS. Additionally, H2S donor administration elevated the expression of ubiquitin C-terminal hydroxylase L1 (UCHL-1), a potential anti-inflammatory mediator. Taken together, our results showed that H2S may exert anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of NETs formation, which suggests a new therapeutic approach against IBD.
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28
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Exacerbate Ischemic Brain Damage. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:643-656. [PMID: 34748205 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most acute strokes are ischemic, and subsequent neuroinflammation promotes further damage leading to cell death but also plays a beneficial role by promoting cellular repair. Neutrophils are forerunners to brain lesions after ischemic stroke and exert elaborate functions. While neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) possess a fundamental antimicrobial function within the innate immune system under physiological circumstances, increasing evidence indicates that NETosis, the release process of NETs, occurs in the pathogenic process of stroke. In this review, we focus on the processes of NET formation and clearance, the temporal and spatial alterations of neutrophils and NETs after ischemic damage, and how NETs are involved in several stroke-related phenomena. Generally, NET formation and release processes depend on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of nuclear peptidylarginine deiminase-4 (PAD4). The acid-base environment, oxygen concentration, and iron ions around the infarct may also impact NET formation. DNase 1 has been identified as the primary degrader of NETs in serum, while reactive microglia are expected to inhibit the formation of NETs around ischemic lesions by phagocytosis of neutrophils. The neutrophils and NETs are present in the perivascular space ipsilateral to the infarct arising after ischemic damage, peaking between 1 and 3 days postischemia, but their location in the brain parenchyma remains controversial. After the ischemic injury, NETs are involved in the destruction of neurological function primarily by disrupting the blood-brain barrier and promoting thrombosis. The potential effects of NETs on various ischemic nerve cells need to be further investigated, especially in the chronic ischemic phase.
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29
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Massarenti L, Enevold C, Damgaard D, Ødum N, Garred P, Frisch M, Shelef MA, Jacobsen S, Nielsen CH. PADI4 Polymorphisms Confer Risk of Anti-CCP-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis in Synergy With HLA-DRB1*04 and Smoking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707690. [PMID: 34733271 PMCID: PMC8558474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze citrullination, a post-translational modification playing a pathogenic role in anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The interplay between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PADI genes and known risk factors for ACPA-positive RA, including smoking, HLA-DR4 and -1, and the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism, was investigated. We typed four PADI2 SNPs, four PADI4 SNPs, and the PTPN22 R620W SNP in 445 Danish RA patients and 533 age-matched healthy controls, as well as in 200 North American RA patients and 100 age- and sex-matched controls. The HLA-DRB1 locus was typed in the Danish cohort. Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and PTPN22 R620W, revealed increased risk of anti-CCP-positive RA in carriers of rs11203367(T) (OR: 1.22, p=0.03) and reduced risk in carriers of rs2240335(A) in PADI4 (OR: 0.82, p=0.04). rs74058715(T) in PADI4 conferred reduced risk of anti-CCP-negative RA (OR: 0.38, p=0.003). In HLA-DRB1*04-positive individuals, specifically, the risk of anti-CCP-positive RA was increased by carriage of PADI4 rs1748033(T) (OR: 1.54, p=0.007) and decreased by carriage of PADI4 rs74058715(T) (OR: 0.44, p=0.01), and we observed an interaction between these SNPs and HLA-DRB1*04 (p=0.004 and p=0.008, respectively) Thus, PADI4 polymorphisms associate with ACPA-positive RA, particularly in HLA-DRB1*04-positive individuals, and with ACPA-negative RA independently of HLA-DRB1*04.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Massarenti
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Frisch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam A Shelef
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 4242, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Sun B, Tomita B, Salinger A, Tilvawala RR, Li L, Hakami H, Liu T, Tsoyi K, Rosas IO, Reinhardt DP, Thompson PR, Ho IC. PAD2-mediated citrullination of Fibulin-5 promotes elastogenesis. Matrix Biol 2021; 102:70-84. [PMID: 34274450 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The formation of elastic fibers is active only in the perinatal period. How elastogenesis is developmentally regulated is not fully understood. Citrullination is a unique form of post-translational modification catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), including PAD1-4. Its physiological role is largely unknown. By using an unbiased proteomic approach of lung tissues, we discovered that FBLN5 and LTBP4, two key elastogenic proteins, were temporally modified in mouse and human lungs. We further demonstrated that PAD2 citrullinated FBLN5 preferentially in young lungs compared to adult lungs. Genetic ablation of PAD2 resulted in attenuated elastogenesis in vitro and age-dependent emphysema in vivo. Mechanistically, citrullination protected FBLN5 from proteolysis and subsequent inactivation of its elastogenic activity. Furthermore, citrullinated but not native FBLN5 partially rescued in vitro elastogenesis in the absence of PAD activity. Our data uncover a novel function of citrullination, namely promoting elastogenesis, and provide additional insights to how elastogenesis is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beverly Tomita
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ari Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ronak R Tilvawala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hana Hakami
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Tao Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Konstantin Tsoyi
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - I-Cheng Ho
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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31
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Yang ML, Sodré FMC, Mamula MJ, Overbergh L. Citrullination and PAD Enzyme Biology in Type 1 Diabetes - Regulators of Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Pathology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678953. [PMID: 34140951 PMCID: PMC8204103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human proteins is a physiological process leading to structural and immunologic variety in proteins, with potentially altered biological functions. PTMs often arise through normal responses to cellular stress, including general oxidative changes in the tissue microenvironment and intracellular stress to the endoplasmic reticulum or immune-mediated inflammatory stresses. Many studies have now illustrated the presence of 'neoepitopes' consisting of PTM self-proteins that induce robust autoimmune responses. These pathways of inflammatory neoepitope generation are commonly observed in many autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes (T1D), among others. This review will focus on one specific PTM to self-proteins known as citrullination. Citrullination is mediated by calcium-dependent peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes, which catalyze deimination, the conversion of arginine into the non-classical amino acid citrulline. PADs and citrullinated peptides have been associated with different autoimmune diseases, notably with a prominent role in the diagnosis and pathology of rheumatoid arthritis. More recently, an important role for PADs and citrullinated self-proteins has emerged in T1D. In this review we will provide a comprehensive overview on the pathogenic role for PADs and citrullination in inflammation and autoimmunity, with specific focus on evidence for their role in T1D. The general role of PADs in epigenetic and transcriptional processes, as well as their crucial role in histone citrullination, neutrophil biology and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation will be discussed. The latter is important in view of increasing evidence for a role of neutrophils and NETosis in the pathogenesis of T1D. Further, we will discuss the underlying processes leading to citrullination, the genetic susceptibility factors for increased recognition of citrullinated epitopes by T1D HLA-susceptibility types and provide an overview of reported autoreactive responses against citrullinated epitopes, both of T cells and autoantibodies in T1D patients. Finally, we will discuss recent observations obtained in NOD mice, pointing to prevention of diabetes development through PAD inhibition, and the potential role of PAD inhibitors as novel therapeutic strategy in autoimmunity and in T1D in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Yang
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fernanda M C Sodré
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark J Mamula
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Münzer P, Negro R, Fukui S, di Meglio L, Aymonnier K, Chu L, Cherpokova D, Gutch S, Sorvillo N, Shi L, Magupalli VG, Weber ANR, Scharf RE, Waterman CM, Wu H, Wagner DD. NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly in Neutrophils Is Supported by PAD4 and Promotes NETosis Under Sterile Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683803. [PMID: 34122445 PMCID: PMC8195330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome assembly are associated with a similar spectrum of human disorders. While NETosis is known to be regulated by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in NETosis was not addressed. Here, we establish that under sterile conditions the cannonical NLRP3 inflammasome participates in NETosis. We show apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck assembly and caspase-1 cleavage in stimulated mouse neutrophils without LPS priming. PAD4 was needed for optimal NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by regulating NLRP3 and ASC protein levels post-transcriptionally. Genetic ablation of NLRP3 signaling resulted in impaired NET formation, because NLRP3 supported both nuclear envelope and plasma membrane rupture. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 in either mouse or human neutrophils also diminished NETosis. Finally, NLRP3 deficiency resulted in a lower density of NETs in thrombi produced by a stenosis-induced mouse model of deep vein thrombosis. Altogether, our results indicate a PAD4-dependent formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophils and implicate NLRP3 in NETosis under noninfectious conditions in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Münzer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Roberto Negro
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shoichi Fukui
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lucas di Meglio
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States.,Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 INSERM University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karen Aymonnier
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Long Chu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Gutch
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lai Shi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Venkat Giri Magupalli
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander N R Weber
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger E Scharf
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Experimental and Clinical Hemostasis, Hemotherapy, and Transfusion Medicine, and Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Center, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapy, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States.,Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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33
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Bruggeman Y, Sodré FMC, Buitinga M, Mathieu C, Overbergh L, Kracht MJL. Targeting citrullination in autoimmunity: insights learned from preclinical mouse models. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:269-281. [PMID: 33896351 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1918104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant citrullination and excessive peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) activity are detected in numerous challenging autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes. Because excessive PAD activity is a common denominator in these diseases, PADs are interesting potential therapeutic targets for future therapies. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the advances made in the design of PAD inhibitors, their utilization and therapeutic potential in preclinical mouse models of autoimmunity. Relevant literature encompasses studies from 1994 to 2021 that are available on PubMed.gov. EXPERT OPINION Pan-PAD inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases. Drugs achieving pan-PAD inhibition were capable of ameliorating, reversing, and preventing clinical symptoms in preclinical mouse models. However, the implications for PADs in key biological processes potentially present a high risk for clinical complications and could hamper the translation of PAD inhibitors to the clinic. We envisage that PAD isozyme-specific inhibitors will improve the understanding the role of PAD isozymes in disease pathology, reduce the risk of side-effects and enhance prospects for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylke Bruggeman
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fernanda M C Sodré
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mijke Buitinga
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria J L Kracht
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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34
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Silva JDC, Thompson-Souza GDA, Barroso MV, Neves JS, Figueiredo RT. Neutrophil and Eosinophil DNA Extracellular Trap Formation: Lessons From Pathogenic Fungi. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634043. [PMID: 33679665 PMCID: PMC7929991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a worldwide health problem. Fungal pathogens are responsible for a variety of conditions, including superficial diseases, allergic pathologies and potentially lethal invasive infections. Neutrophils and eosinophils have been implicated as effector cells in several pathologies. Neutrophils are major effector cells involved in the control of fungal infections and exhibit a plethora of antifungal mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, degranulation, extracellular vesicle formation, and DNA extracellular trap (ET) release. Eosinophils are polymorphonuclear cells classically implicated as effector cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and helminthic infections, although their roles as immunomodulatory players in both innate and adaptive immunity are currently recognized. Eosinophils are also endowed with antifungal activities and are abundantly found in allergic conditions associated with fungal colonization and sensitization. Neutrophils and eosinophils have been demonstrated to release their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in response to many pathogens and pro-inflammatory stimuli. ETs have been implicated in the killing and control of many pathogens, as well as in promoting inflammation and tissue damage. The formation of ETs by neutrophils and eosinophils has been described in response to pathogenic fungi. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in the release of neutrophil and eosinophil ETs in response to fungal pathogens. General implications for understanding the formation of ETs and the roles of ETs in fungal infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana da Costa Silva
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Valente Barroso
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josiane Sabbadini Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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35
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Okamato Y, Ghosh T, Okamoto T, Schuyler RP, Seifert J, Charry LL, Visser A, Feser M, Fleischer C, Pedrick C, August J, Moss L, Bemis EA, Norris JM, Kuhn KA, Demoruelle MK, Deane KD, Ghosh D, Holers VM, Hsieh EWY. Subjects at-risk for future development of rheumatoid arthritis demonstrate a PAD4-and TLR-dependent enhanced histone H3 citrullination and proinflammatory cytokine production in CD14 hi monocytes. J Autoimmun 2021; 117:102581. [PMID: 33310262 PMCID: PMC7855988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presence of anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) and epitope spreading across the target autoantigens is a unique feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ACPA are present in the peripheral blood for several years prior to the onset of arthritis and clinical classification of RA. ACPA recognize multiple citrullinated proteins, including histone H3 (H3). Intracellular citrullination of H3 in neutrophils and T cells is known to regulate immune cell function by promoting neutrophil extracellular trap formation and citrullinated autoantigen release as well as regulating the Th2/Th17 T cell phenotypic balance. However, the roles of H3 citrullination in other immune cells are not fully elucidated. We aimed to explore H3 citrullination and cytokine/metabolomic signatures in peripheral blood immune cells from subjects prior to and after the onset of RA, at baseline and in response to ex vivo toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Here, we analyzed 13 ACPA (+) subjects without arthritis but at-risk for future development of RA, 14 early RA patients, and 13 healthy controls. We found significantly elevated H3 citrullination in CD14hi monocytes, as well as CD1c+ dendritic cells and CD66+ granulocytes. Unsupervised analysis identified two distinct subsets in CD14hi monocytes characterized by H3 modification and unique cytokine/metabolomic signatures. CD14hi monocytes with elevated TLR-stimulated H3 citrullination were significantly increased in ACPA (+) at-risk subjects. These cells were skewed to produce TNFα, MIP1β, IFNα, and partially IL-12. Additionally, they demonstrate peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) mediated upregulation of the glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3. These CD14hi monocytes with elevated H3 citrullination morphologically formed monocyte extracellular traps (METs). Taken together, dysregulated PAD4-driven cytokine production as well as MET formation in CD14hi monocytes in ACPA (+) at-risk subjects likely plays an important role in the development of RA via promoting and perpetuating inflammation and generation of citrullinated autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Okamato
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA; Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tusharkanti Ghosh
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tsukasa Okamoto
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ronald P Schuyler
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Seifert
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Lenis Charry
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ashley Visser
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marie Feser
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chelsie Fleischer
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chong Pedrick
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Justin August
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laurakay Moss
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Bemis
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristine A Kuhn
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Kevin D Deane
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - V Michael Holers
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elena W Y Hsieh
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy & Immunology, Aurora, CO, USA
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36
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Zhao X, Gu C, Wang Y. PAD4 selective inhibitor TDFA protects lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by modulating nuclear p65 localization in epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106923. [PMID: 32889238 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) serves a critical role in differentiation, development and apoptosis through gene regulation and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases. However, the roles of PAD4 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remain largely unknown. To investigate the roles of PAD4 during LPS-induced ALI, the present study detected the trend of PAD4 expression in the lung tissues of ALI mice. Subsequently, the efficiency of TDFA on PAD4 and citrullinated H3 histone were detected. And then, histology, the wet/dry weight ratio, survival rate, activated cells infiltration, oxidative stress levels, tight junction proteins and proinflammatory cytokine expression were detected. In addition, the level of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was assessed. Finally, the level of nuclear P65, total phosphorylated P65 and P65 were measured in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that PAD4 expression was upregulated in the lung tissues of LPS-induced ALI. TDFA efficiently decreased the severity of the lung edema, attenuated the severity of pulmonary injury and improved the survival rate following lethal LPS administration. Besides, TDFA reduced activated cells infiltration and suppressed inflammation related parameters, including proinflammatory cytokines production (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and oxidative stress (MDA, GSH and SOD). Furthermore, TDFA reversed the TEER downregulation tendency and tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-4) levels that represent the integrity of alveolar epithelium. Eventually, TDFA exerts its protective roles through modulating nuclear localization of transcription factor NF-κB P65 in epithelial cells. Taken together, these results indicate that PAD4 inhibition may serve as a promising therapeutic approach for LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, The 960(th) Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China, Jinan, Shandong 250031, PR China
| | - Changping Gu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Yuelan Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China.
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37
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Greaney AJ, Portley MK, O’Mard D, Crown D, Maier NK, Mendenhall MA, Mayer-Barber KD, Leppla SH, Moayeri M. Frontline Science: Anthrax lethal toxin-induced, NLRP1-mediated IL-1β release is a neutrophil and PAD4-dependent event. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:773-786. [PMID: 32421904 PMCID: PMC11062252 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4hi0320-028r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is a protease that activates the NLRP1b inflammasome sensor in certain rodent strains. Unlike better-studied sensors, relatively little is known about the priming requirements for NLRP1b. In this study, we investigate the rapid and striking priming-independent LT-induced release of IL-1β in mice within hours of toxin challenge. We find IL-1β release to be a NLRP1b- and caspase-1-dependent, NLRP3 and caspase-11-independent event that requires both neutrophils and peptidyl arginine deiminiase-4 (PAD4) activity. The simultaneous LT-induced IL-18 response is neutrophil-independent. Bone marrow reconstitution experiments in mice show toxin-induced IL-1β originates from hematopoietic cells. LT treatment of neutrophils in vitro did not induce IL-1β, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), or pyroptosis. Although platelets interact closely with neutrophils and are also a potential source of IL-1β, they were unable to bind or endocytose LT and did not secrete IL-1β in response to the toxin. LT-treated mice had higher levels of cell-free DNA and HMGB1 in circulation than PBS-treated controls, and treatment of mice with recombinant DNase reduced the neutrophil- and NLRP1-dependent IL-1β release. DNA sensor AIM2 deficiency, however, did not impact IL-1β release. These data, in combination with the findings on PAD4, suggest a possible role for in vivo NETs or cell-free DNA in cytokine induction in response to LT challenge. Our findings suggest a complex interaction of events and/or mediators in LT-treated mice with the neutrophil as a central player in induction of a profound and rapid inflammatory response to toxin.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Animals
- Anthrax/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/pharmacology
- Antigens, Bacterial/toxicity
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/deficiency
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/physiology
- Bacillus anthracis/pathogenicity
- Bacillus anthracis/physiology
- Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology
- Bacterial Toxins/toxicity
- Extracellular Traps/physiology
- Inflammasomes/physiology
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/physiology
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/deficiency
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4/deficiency
- Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4/physiology
- Pyroptosis/drug effects
- Radiation Chimera
- Species Specificity
- Spores, Bacterial
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Greaney
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Makayla K. Portley
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle O’Mard
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Devorah Crown
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nolan K. Maier
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan A. Mendenhall
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen H. Leppla
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahtab Moayeri
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Wang D, Zhang S, Liu B, Wang B, He S, Zhang R. Anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin in cigarette smoke-activated alveolar macrophage through the COX-2/PGE 2 and TLRs signaling pathway. Cytokine 2020; 133:155148. [PMID: 32505095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Airway macrophages represents a central site for the mechanisms involved in the complex interactions between environmental triggers and airway inflammation. Based on anti-inflammatory activity of adiponectin, we hypothesize that adiponectin inhibits the proinflammatory cytokines production and the activation of alveolar macrophages expose to cigarette smoke. MATERIALS AND METHODS To examine the effects of adiponectin on alveolar macrophages, we used the cigarette smoke-induced the alveolar inflammation model in C57BL/6 mice and the macrophages activation model in vitro, both in the presence or absence of adiponectin, to assess the accumulation of inflammatory cells and the concentration of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and the proinflammatory cytokines production and M1/2 phenotype in alveolar macrophages. RESULTS Our results showed that adiponectin improves cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation in vivo and decreases proinflammatory cytokine production and alveolar macrophages polarization in vitro. Moreover, our study further demonstrates that anti-inflammatory activity of adiponectin depends on the suppression of the proinflammatory cytokine production through TLR2/4 signaling and the inhibition of macrophage polarization vit COX-2/PGE2 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the anti-inflammatory activity of adiponectin might contribute to its therapeutic potential in airway inflammation, such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Bicui Liu
- Respiratory Department, The Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402760, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Sirong He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Yu HC, Tung CH, Huang KY, Huang HB, Lu MC. The Essential Role of Peptidylarginine Deiminases 2 for Cytokines Secretion, Apoptosis, and Cell Adhesion in Macrophage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165720. [PMID: 32785008 PMCID: PMC7460808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aims to investigate the functional roles of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) in macrophages. Methods: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) system was used to knockout PADI2 in U937 cells. U937 cells were introduced to differentiate macrophages and were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The protein expression of PADI2, PADI4, and citrullinated proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. The mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed using RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. Cell adhesion assay was performed using a commercially available fibrinogen-coated plate. Results: PADI2 knockout could markedly suppress the PADI2 protein expression, but not the PADI4 protein expression. PADI2 knockout decreased the protein levels of citrullinated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65, but not those of citrullinated histone 3, resulting in the decreased mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the U937 cells and IL-1β and IL-6 in the differentiated macrophages and the macrophages stimulated with LPS. The cytokines levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were all dramatically decreased in the PADI2 knockout group compared with in the controls. PADI2 knockout prevented macrophages apoptosis via the decreased caspase-3, caspase-2, and caspase-9 activation. PADI2 knockout also impaired macrophages adhesion capacity through the decreased protein levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phospho-FAK, paxillin, phospho-paxillin, and p21-activated kinase 1. Conclusion: This study showed that PADI2 could promote IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production in macrophages, promote macrophage apoptosis through caspase-3, caspase-2, and caspase-9 activation and enhance cell adhesion via FAK, paxillin, and PAK1. Therefore, targeting PADI2 could be used as a novel strategy for controlling inflammation caused by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Yu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62130, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (C.-H.T.); (K.-Y.H.)
| | - Chien-Hsueh Tung
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62130, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (C.-H.T.); (K.-Y.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 97071, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yung Huang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62130, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (C.-H.T.); (K.-Y.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 97071, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Bin Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Chiayi 62130, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62130, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (C.-H.T.); (K.-Y.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 97071, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-2648000 (ext. 3205); Fax: +886-5-2648006
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Abstract
Neutrophils are critical to innate immunity, including host defense against bacterial and fungal infections. They achieve their host defense role by phagocytosing pathogens, secreting their granules full of cytotoxic enzymes, or expelling neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during the process of NETosis. NETs are weblike DNA structures decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins released by activated neutrophils. Initially described as a means for neutrophils to neutralize pathogens, NET release also occurs in sterile inflammation, promotes thrombosis, and can mediate tissue damage. To effectively manipulate this double-edged sword to fight a particular disease, researchers must work toward understanding the mechanisms driving NETosis. Such understanding would allow the generation of new drugs to promote or prevent NETosis as needed. While knowledge regarding the (patho)physiological roles of NETosis is accumulating, little is known about the cellular and biophysical bases of this process. In this review, we describe and discuss our current knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and biophysical mechanisms mediating NET release as well as open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Racine Thiam
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; ,
| | - Siu Ling Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; ,
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Estakhri F, Panjehshahin MR, Tanideh N, Gheisari R, Mahmoodzadeh A, Azarpira N, Gholijani N. The effect of kaempferol and apigenin on allogenic synovial membrane-derived stem cells therapy in knee osteoarthritic male rats. Knee 2020; 27:817-832. [PMID: 32336589 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of kaempferol and apigenin, we hypothesized that co-injection of these phytochemicals would increase the effectiveness of cell therapy in knee osteoarthritic rats. METHODS Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was used to induce osteoarthritis (OA). Animals were treated by weekly intra-articular injections of kaempferol (10 or 20 μM) and/or isolated MSCs from synovial membrane (SMMSCs) (3 × 106 cells), a mixture of apigenin (0.1 μM) and kaempferol alone or SMMSCs, hyaluronic acid or PBS (group size n = 6), for three weeks. After three months, the levels of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the cartilage homogenate. Furthermore, relative expressions of collagen II2a1, aggrecan, IL-1β, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), SOX-9, MMP-3 and MMP-13 were assessed using real-time PCR. Radiological evaluation, before/after treatments, and histopathological assessments were carried out to evaluate the knees. RESULTS Non-toxic concentrations of kaempferol and apigenin determined to be 10, 20 μM and 0.1, 0.3 μM, respectively. In comparison with the OA group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA significantly decreased in OA + MSCs + kaempferol + apigenin group and a significant increase in SOD level was observed. The levels of MMP-13, MMP-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS were significantly decreased in the groups of OA + MSCs + A0.1 μM + K10 μM and OA + MSCs + K20 μM. Co-treatment of kaempferol and apigenin increased the gene expression levels of collagen IIa1, aggrecan and SOX-9 genes. CONCLUSION We showed that kaempferol and apigenin potentially increase the efficiency of OA cell therapy in the rat model of ACLT-induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Estakhri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Panjehshahin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal and Natural Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Gheisari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chen JX, Wang YP, Zhang X, Li GX, Zheng K, Duan CZ. lncRNA Mtss1 promotes inflammatory responses and secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by targeting miR-709 in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:20-29. [PMID: 32442560 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Secondary brain injuries following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are mediated by inflammatory pathway activation. The present study aimed to characterize long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are differentially expressed in cerebral tissues during ICH pathogenesis and to investigate their pathogenic functions. An ICH mouse model established by collagenase injection was used to obtain differentially expressed lncRNAs for deep sequencing. A cellular inflammation model was established by treating mouse microglia with lipopolysaccharide. Expression of lncRNA and miRNA was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, and protein abundance was measured by western blot. Cytokine levels in mouse serum and cell culture supernatants were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cerebral injury was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining, the ratio of brain dry weight/brain wet weight, and neurobehavior scoring. Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) expression in the brain sections was assessed using immunohistochemistry. A total of 3681 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in the brain tissue of the ICH mice group compared with the Sham group. Of these, lncRNA metastasis suppressor-1 (Mtss1) expression was increased. Mtss1 knockdown by siRNA in the cellular model strongly suppressed TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) expression, P65 phosphorylation, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β secretion. Mtss1 knockdown in ICH mice inhibited secondary brain injury and decreased IBA1, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Mtss1 was predicted to bind miR-709, and Mtss1 knockdown elevated miR-709 expression in the cellular inflammation model and ICH mice. High expression of Mtss1 promoted inflammatory brain injuries after ICH by enhancing inflammatory cytokine secretion and targeting miR-709 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xiong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China.
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Verweyen E, Holzinger D, Weinhage T, Hinze C, Wittkowski H, Pickkers P, Albeituni S, Verbist K, Nichols KE, Schulert G, Grom A, Foell D, Kessel C. Synergistic Signaling of TLR and IFNα/β Facilitates Escape of IL-18 Expression from Endotoxin Tolerance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:526-539. [PMID: 31710506 PMCID: PMC7047449 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0659oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, and elevated blood IL-18 concentrations associate with disease activity in macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and poor clinical outcomes in severe inflammatory and septic conditions. Objectives: Although recent investigations provide mechanistic evidence for a contribution of IL-18 to inflammation and hyperinflammation in sepsis and MAS, we sought to study regulatory mechanisms underlying human IL-18 expression. Methods: Samples from in vivo and in vitro endotoxin rechallenge experiments, patients with inflammatory disease, and isolated human monocytes treated with various stimulants and drugs were tested for cytokine gene and protein expression. Serum IL-18 expression with or without JAK/STAT inhibition was analyzed in two MAS mouse models and in a patient with recurrent MAS. Measurements and Main Results: Peripheral blood and monocytic IL-18 expression escaped LPS-induced immunoparalysis. LPS-stimulated primary human monocytes revealed specific IL-18 expression kinetics controlled by IFNα/β signaling. JAK/STAT inhibition or IFNβ neutralization during LPS stimulation blunted cytokine expression. Similarly, microtubule-destabilizing drugs abrogated LPS-induced IL18 expression, but this effect could be fully reversed by addition of IFNα/β. Ex vivo analysis of inflammatory disease patients’ whole blood revealed strong correlation of type I IFN score and IL18 expression, whereas JAK/STAT inhibition strongly reduced IL-18 serum levels in two MAS mouse models and in a patient with recurrent MAS. Conclusions: Our data indicate that IL-18 (but not IL-1β) production from human monocytes requires cooperative Toll-like receptor and IFNα/β signaling. Interference with IFNα/β expression or signaling following JAK/STAT inhibition may control catastrophic hyperinflammation in MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emely Verweyen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Holzinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Toni Weinhage
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Claas Hinze
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Wittkowski
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrin Albeituni
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | - Katherine Verbist
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | - Grant Schulert
- Department of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alexei Grom
- Department of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kessel
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Curran AM, Naik P, Giles JT, Darrah E. PAD enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic effectors and autoimmune targets. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:301-315. [PMID: 32341463 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) have an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) owing to their ability to generate citrullinated proteins - the hallmark autoantigens of RA. Of the five PAD enzyme isoforms, PAD2 and PAD4 are the most strongly implicated in RA at both genetic and cellular levels, and PAD inhibitors have shown therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis. PAD2 and PAD4 are additionally targeted by autoantibodies in distinct clinical subsets of patients with RA, suggesting anti-PAD antibodies as possible biomarkers for RA diagnosis and prognosis. This Review weighs the evidence that supports a pathogenic role for PAD enzymes in RA as both promoters and targets of the autoimmune response, as well as discussing the mechanistic and therapeutic implications of these findings in the wider context of RA pathogenesis. Understanding the origin and consequences of dysregulated PAD enzyme activity and immune responses against PAD enzymes will be important to fully comprehend the pathogenic mechanisms involved in this disease and for the development of novel strategies to treat and prevent RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Curran
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pooja Naik
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Wong SL, Goverman J, Staudinger C, Wagner DD. Recombinant human ADAMTS13 treatment and anti-NET strategies enhance skin allograft survival in mice. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1162-1169. [PMID: 31730284 PMCID: PMC7103495 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing skin allograft longevity lessens the need for new allografts before optimal intervention is available. Reduced activity of ADAMTS13 (an enzyme that cleaves the pro-thrombotic and proinflammatory von Willebrand factor) and presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in liver and lung allograft failures. The effect of ADAMTS13 treatment and the impact of NETs on skin allografts, however, remain unexplored. Here, we adopted a murine model of complete mismatch full-thickness skin transplant by grafting dorsal skin from BALB/c mice to C57BL/6J background mice. Recombinant human ADAMTS13 (rhADAMTS13) treatment of graft recipients increased allograft survival. Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of NETs in allografts of vehicle, but surprisingly, not in rhADAMTS13-treated mice, 3 days after surgery. Recapitulating the observations in mice, NETs were also observed in all the examined allografts from burn patients. Intriguingly, knocking out peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4, a key enzyme for NET formation) or DNase 1 treatment (which cleaves NETs) also prolonged allograft survival. In summary, rhADAMTS13 lessens inflammation in allografts by reducing NET burden, resulting in enhanced allograft survival. RhADAMTS13 and anti-NET treatments could be new therapeutic strategies to promote skin allograft longevity and, hence, the survival of patients with severe burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Ling Wong
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Current institution: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Goverman
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caleb Staudinger
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Denisa D. Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Beato M, Sharma P. Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PADI2)-Mediated Arginine Citrullination Modulates Transcription in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041351. [PMID: 32079300 PMCID: PMC7072959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine deimination leading to the non-coded amino acid citrulline remains a key question in the field of post-translational modifications ever since its discovery by Rogers and Simmonds in 1958. Citrullination is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs). Initially, increased citrullination was associated with autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, as well as other neurological disorders and multiple types of cancer. During the last decade, research efforts have focused on how citrullination contributes to disease pathogenesis by modulating epigenetic events, pluripotency, immunity and transcriptional regulation. However, our knowledge regarding the functional implications of citrullination remains quite limited, so we still do not completely understand its role in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the recently discovered functions of PADI2-mediated citrullination of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II in transcriptional regulation in breast cancer cells and the proposed mechanisms to reshape the transcription regulatory network that promotes cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Beato
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.S.)
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Xu W, Li H, Wu L, Jin J, Zhu X, Han D, Liu H, Yang Y, Xu X, Xie S. Dietary Scenedesmus ovalternus improves disease resistance of overwintering gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) by alleviating toll-like receptor signaling activation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:351-358. [PMID: 31874297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Scenedesmus ovalternus on the growth and disease resistance of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) during overwintering. Gibel carp (initial body weight: 90.39 ± 0.33 g) were fed with diets containing 0% or 4% Scenedesmus ovalternus (DS0 and DS4) for 4 weeks during the early overwintering period, and then all fish were left unfed during the late overwintering period. A bacterial challenge test using Aeromonas hydrophila was subsequently conducted. The 4% Scenedesmus ovalternus diet had no effect on the growth of gibel carp (P > 0.05), but did improve the survival rate after the challenge (P ≤ 0.05). In the DS0 group, the bacterial challenge decreased the contents of complement 3 (C3), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin 2 (IL2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in fish (P < 0.05); in the DS4 group, the challenge increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity but decreased IL2 and TNFα contents (P < 0.05). The activities of MPO and contents of C3, IgM and TNFα were higher in the DS4 group than that fed the DS0 diet after bacterial challenge (P < 0.05). Compared to pre challenge, the expression levels of toll like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll like receptor 3 (TLR3), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon β (TRIF), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor α (IκBα), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), interleukin 1β (IL1β), tumor necrosis factor α1 (TNFα1) and interleukin 10 (IL10) in the head kidney of gibel carp were induced after challenge (P < 0.05). Gibel carp fed the DS4 diet showed lower expression of TGFβ in head kidney before the challenge and lower expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TIRAP, TRIF, IκBα, TNFα1, IL10 and TGFβ after the challenge than that fed the DS0 diet (P < 0.05). Overall, Scenedesmus ovalternus supplement enhanced the resistances of gibel carp against A. hydrophila after overwintering via the TLR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Brentville VA, Vankemmelbeke M, Metheringham RL, Durrant LG. Post-translational modifications such as citrullination are excellent targets for cancer therapy. Semin Immunol 2020; 47:101393. [PMID: 31932199 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Under conditions of cellular stress, proteins can be post-translationally modified causing them to be recognized by the immune system. One such stress-induced post-translational modification (siPTM) is citrullination, the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes. PAD enzymes are activated by millimolar concentrations of calcium which can occur during apoptosis, leading to precipitation of proteins, their subsequent uptake by B cells and stimulation of antibody responses. Detection of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) is a diagnostic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where immune complexes stimulate inflammation around the joints. More recently, autophagy has been shown to play a role in the presentation of citrullinated peptides on MHC class II molecules to CD4+ helper T cells, suggesting that citrullination may be a way of alerting immune cells to cellular stress. Additionally, inflammation-induced IFNγ and concomitant MHC class II expression on target cells contributes to immune activation. Stressful conditions in the tumor microenvironment induce autophagy in cancer cells as a pro-survival mechanism. Cancer cells also over express PAD enzymes and in light of this the hypothesis that citrullinated peptides stimulate CD4+ T cell responses that would recognize these siPTM's produced during autophagy has been investigated. The induction of potent citrullinated peptide-specific CD4 responses has been shown in both humans and HLA transgenic mouse models. Responses in mouse models resulted in potent anti-tumour responses against tumours expressing either constitutive or IFNγ-inducible MHC class II. The anti-tumour effect relied upon direct recognition of tumours by specific CD4 T cells suggesting that citrullinated peptides are attractive targets for cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Brentville
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Science Road, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - M Vankemmelbeke
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Science Road, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - R L Metheringham
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Science Road, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - L G Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Science Road, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Science Road, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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49
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Li B, Li P, Bi L. Iguratimod dose dependently inhibits the expression of citrullinated proteins and peptidylarginine deiminases 2 and 4 in neutrophils from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:899-907. [PMID: 31758423 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullinated proteins (CPs), which are produced by post-translational modification via peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD), are the target antigen of ACPAs and promote the generation thereof. Herein, we investigated whether iguratimod (IGU) affects the generation of CPs via PAD. METHODS Neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from three patients diagnosed with RA and treated with various concentrations of IGU, methotrexate (MTX), or dexamethasone (DXM) or without any drugs as a control for 8 h. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in culture supernatants were tested by ELISA. CPs were measured by western blot, and the expression of PAD2 and PAD4 in cells was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS PAD2 and PAD4 expressions in neutrophils but not in PBMCs were decreased by IGU at both the protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.05). CP expression in neutrophils but not in PBMCs was also inhibited by IGU. The inhibitory effect of IGU was dose-dependent. IGU, MTX, and DXM dose dependently decreased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in neutrophils and PBMCs (P < 0.05); the inhibitory effect of IGU was not significantly different from that of MTX and DXM. CONCLUSIONS IGU inhibited the expression of CPs by downregulating PADs in neutrophils from RA patients, and the effect was comparable to that of MTX and DXM at appropriate concentrations. These findings may provide guidance for more appropriate treatment of RA.Key Points• Iguratimod inhibited citrullinated protein expression in neutrophils from rheumatoid arthritis patients similarly to methotrexate and dexamethasone at appropriate concentrations.• The inhibitory effect was mediated by downregulation of peptidylarginine deiminases, providing insight into the mechanism of iguratimod as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.• This study may guide rheumatoid arthritis treatment and facilitate identification of other therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Liqi Bi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China.
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50
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Sun B, Chang HH, Salinger A, Tomita B, Bawadekar M, Holmes CL, Shelef MA, Weerapana E, Thompson PR, Ho IC. Reciprocal regulation of Th2 and Th17 cells by PAD2-mediated citrullination. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129687. [PMID: 31723060 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated citrullination, a unique form of posttranslational modification catalyzed by the peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), has been observed in several human diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, the physiological roles of PADs in the immune system are still poorly understood. Here, we report that global inhibition of citrullination enhances the differentiation of type 2 helper T (Th2) cells but attenuates the differentiation of Th17 cells, thereby increasing the susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation. This effect on Th cells is due to inhibition of PAD2 but not PAD4. Mechanistically, PAD2 directly citrullinates GATA3 and RORγt, 2 key transcription factors determining the fate of differentiating Th cells. Citrullination of R330 of GATA3 weakens its DNA binding ability, whereas citrullination of 4 arginine residues of RORγt strengthens its DNA binding. Finally, PAD2-deficient mice also display altered Th2/Th17 immune response and heightened sensitivity to allergic airway inflammation. Thus, our data highlight the potential and caveat of PAD2 as a therapeutic target of Th cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui-Hsin Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ari Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beverly Tomita
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Caitlyn L Holmes
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miriam A Shelef
- Department of Medicine and.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - I-Cheng Ho
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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