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Montano C, Flores-Arenas C, Carpenter S. LncRNAs, nuclear architecture and the immune response. Nucleus 2024; 15:2350182. [PMID: 38738760 PMCID: PMC11093052 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2350182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and can mediate their effects in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Some of the best-characterized lncRNAs are localized within the nucleus, where they modulate the nuclear architecture and influence gene expression. In this review, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in nuclear architecture in the context of their gene regulatory functions in innate immunity. Here, we discuss various approaches to functionally characterize nuclear-localized lncRNAs and the challenges faced in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Montano
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Flores-Arenas
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Susan Carpenter
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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2
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Polis B, Cuda CM, Putterman C. Animal models of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: deciphering the complexity and guiding therapeutic development. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2330387. [PMID: 38555866 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2330387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) poses formidable challenges due to its multifaceted etiology while impacting multiple tissues and organs and displaying diverse clinical manifestations. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to SLE complexity, with relatively limited approved therapeutic options. Murine models offer insights into SLE pathogenesis but do not always replicate the nuances of human disease. This review critically evaluates spontaneous and induced animal models, emphasizing their validity and relevance to neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). While these models undoubtedly contribute to understanding disease pathophysiology, discrepancies persist in mimicking some NPSLE intricacies. The lack of literature addressing this issue impedes therapeutic progress. We underscore the urgent need for refining models that truly reflect NPSLE complexities to enhance translational fidelity. We encourage a comprehensive, creative translational approach for targeted SLE interventions, balancing scientific progress with ethical considerations to eventually improve the management of NPSLE patients. A thorough grasp of these issues informs researchers in designing experiments, interpreting results, and exploring alternatives to advance NPSLE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruh Polis
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Carla M Cuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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3
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Boos J, van der Made CI, Ramakrishnan G, Coughlan E, Asselta R, Löscher BS, Valenti LVC, de Cid R, Bujanda L, Julià A, Pairo-Castineira E, Baillie JK, May S, Zametica B, Heggemann J, Albillos A, Banales JM, Barretina J, Blay N, Bonfanti P, Buti M, Fernandez J, Marsal S, Prati D, Ronzoni L, Sacchi N, Schultze JL, Riess O, Franke A, Rawlik K, Ellinghaus D, Hoischen A, Schmidt A, Ludwig KU. Stratified analyses refine association between TLR7 rare variants and severe COVID-19. HGG ADVANCES 2024; 5:100323. [PMID: 38944683 PMCID: PMC11320601 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive global research into genetic predisposition for severe COVID-19, knowledge on the role of rare host genetic variants and their relation to other risk factors remains limited. Here, 52 genes with prior etiological evidence were sequenced in 1,772 severe COVID-19 cases and 5,347 population-based controls from Spain/Italy. Rare deleterious TLR7 variants were present in 2.4% of young (<60 years) cases with no reported clinical risk factors (n = 378), compared to 0.24% of controls (odds ratio [OR] = 12.3, p = 1.27 × 10-10). Incorporation of the results of either functional assays or protein modeling led to a pronounced increase in effect size (ORmax = 46.5, p = 1.74 × 10-15). Association signals for the X-chromosomal gene TLR7 were also detected in the female-only subgroup, suggesting the existence of additional mechanisms beyond X-linked recessive inheritance in males. Additionally, supporting evidence was generated for a contribution to severe COVID-19 of the previously implicated genes IFNAR2, IFIH1, and TBK1. Our results refine the genetic contribution of rare TLR7 variants to severe COVID-19 and strengthen evidence for the etiological relevance of genes in the interferon signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Boos
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Caspar I van der Made
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishnan
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eamon Coughlan
- Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital - via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Britt-Sabina Löscher
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luca V C Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, CORE Program. Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; Grup de Recerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra) (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berina Zametica
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Heggemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Barretina
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, CORE Program. Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Natalia Blay
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, CORE Program. Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; Grup de Recerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra) (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Buti
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernandez
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLif), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Marsal
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniele Prati
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ronzoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Joachim L Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V., Bonn, Germany; Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V. and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DFG NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Vieira AA, Almada-Correia I, Inácio J, Costa-Reis P, da Rocha ST. Female-bias in systemic lupus erythematosus: How much is the X chromosome to blame? Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:76. [PMID: 39375734 PMCID: PMC11460073 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is an immune-mediated disease associated with substantial medical burden. Notably, lupus exhibits a striking female bias, with women having significantly higher susceptibility compared to men, up to 14-fold higher in some ethnicities. Supernumerary X chromosome syndromes, like Klinefelter (XXY) and Triple X syndrome (XXX), also present higher SLE prevalence, whereas Turner syndrome (XO) displays lower prevalence. Taken together, SLE prevalence in different X chromosome dosage sceneries denotes a relationship between the number of X chromosomes and the risk of developing lupus. The dosage of X-linked genes, many of which play roles in the immune system, is compensated between males and females through the inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in female cells. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) initiates early in development with a random selection of which X chromosome to inactivate, a choice that is then epigenetically maintained in the daughter cells. This process is regulated by the X-Inactive-Specific Transcript (XIST), encoding for a long non-coding RNA, exclusively expressed from the inactive X chromosome (Xi). XIST interacts with various RNA binding proteins and chromatin modifiers to form a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex responsible for the transcriptional silencing and heterochromatinization of the Xi. This ensures stable silencing of most genes on the X chromosome, with only a few genes able to escape this process. Recent findings suggest that the molecular components involved in XCI, or their dysregulation, contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus. Indeed, nonrandom XCI, elevated gene escape from XCI, and the autoimmune potential of the XIST RNP complex have been suggested to contribute to auto-immune diseases, such as lupus. This review examines these current hypotheses concerning how this dosage compensation mechanism might impact the development of lupus, shedding light on potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Vieira
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Almada-Correia
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Inácio
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Costa-Reis
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S T da Rocha
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Peluso MJ, Deeks SG. Mechanisms of long COVID and the path toward therapeutics. Cell 2024; 187:5500-5529. [PMID: 39326415 PMCID: PMC11455603 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Long COVID, a type of post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (PASC) defined by medically unexplained symptoms following infection with SARS-CoV-2, is a newly recognized infection-associated chronic condition that causes disability in some people. Substantial progress has been made in defining its epidemiology, biology, and pathophysiology. However, there is no cure for the tens of millions of people believed to be experiencing long COVID, and industry engagement in developing therapeutics has been limited. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the biology and pathophysiology of long COVID, focusing on how the proposed mechanisms explain the physiology of the syndrome and how they provide a rationale for the implementation of a broad experimental medicine and clinical trials agenda. Progress toward preventing and curing long COVID and other infection-associated chronic conditions will require deep and sustained investment by funders and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Hamerman JA, Barton GM. The path ahead for understanding Toll-like receptors-driven systemic autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 91:102482. [PMID: 39353255 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Five mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLR 3, 7, 8, 9, and 13) recognize nucleic acids (NA) and induce signals that control the function of multiple immune cell types and initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses. While these receptors enable recognition of diverse microbial threats, in some instances, they respond inappropriately to self-NA released from host cells and drive the development of autoimmune diseases. Specifically, activation of TLR7 and TLR8 by self-RNA and TLR9 by self-DNA has been linked to development of a collection of systemic autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and macrophage activation syndrome. Here, we discuss recent progress in understanding how these receptors contribute to such diverse clinical phenotypes. We highlight how comparative studies between mice and humans have not only been beneficial in identifying key pathways relevant for disease but also reveal gaps in our understanding of disease mechanisms. We identify several challenges that we hope the field will tackle in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hamerman
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Gregory M Barton
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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7
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Andrews JS, Boonyaratanakornkit JB, Krusinska E, Allen S, Posada JA. Assessment of the Impact of RNase in Patients With Severe Fatigue Related to Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of RSLV-132. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 79:635-642. [PMID: 38728385 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and RNA debris persist in viral reservoirs for weeks to months following infection, potentially triggering interferon production and chronic inflammation. RSLV-132 is a biologic drug composed of catalytically active human RNase1 fused to human IgG1 Fc and is designed to remain in circulation and digest extracellular RNA. We hypothesized that removal of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA from latent reservoirs may improve inflammation, neuroinflammation, and fatigue associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). METHODS This was a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in participants with a 24-week history of PASC and severe fatigue. The primary endpoint of the trial assessed the impact of 6 intravenous doses of RSLV-132 on the mean change from baseline at day 71 in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Fatigue Short Form 7a (PROMIS Fatigue SF 7a). RESULTS A statistically significant difference on day 71 was not observed with respect to the primary or secondary endpoints. This was likely due to a placebo response that increased during the trial. Statistically significant improvement in fatigue as measured by the PROMIS Fatigue SF 7a, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue), and Physicians Global Assessment (PGA) instruments were observed earlier in the trial, with women demonstrating greater responses to RSLV-132 than men. CONCLUSION While fatigue was not statistically significantly improved at Day 71, earlier timepoints revealed statistically significant improvement in fatigue and physician global assessment. The data suggest eliminating latent viral RNA by increasing serum RNase activity may improve fatigue in PASC patients. Women may respond better to this approach than men. Future studies will aim to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Andrews
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jim B Boonyaratanakornkit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Riddler SA, Benson CA, Brinson C, Deeks SG, DeJesus E, Mills A, Para MF, Ramgopal MN, Cai Y, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Jiang W, Liu X, Verrill D, Lim D, de Vries CR, Wallin JJ, Vendrame E, SenGupta D. A Pooled Analysis of Eight Clinical Studies Suggests a Link Between Influenza-Like Symptoms and Pharmacodynamics of the Toll-Like Receptor-7 Agonist Vesatolimod. Infect Dis Ther 2024:10.1007/s40121-024-01034-w. [PMID: 39278975 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-01034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vesatolimod is a Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7) agonist in clinical development as part of a combination regimen for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure. Influenza-like symptoms associated with TLR7-mediated immune activation have been reported in clinical trials of vesatolimod. Therefore, a broader understanding of the safety profile of vesatolimod and association with dose and mechanism of action will help inform future clinical studies. METHODS In this analysis, data on flu-like adverse events of interest (AEIs) were pooled from eight clinical studies in which 606 participants either received single or multiple doses of vesatolimod (0.3-12 mg; n = 505) or placebo (n = 101). Vesatolimod pharmacokinetics, inflammatory responses, and pharmacodynamics were assessed. RESULTS The incidence of flu-like AEIs was higher with vesatolimod versus placebo (19% [96/505] vs. 8% [8/101]) and increased with vesatolimod dose and exposure. Most flu-like AEIs with vesatolimod were grade 1 or 2 severity (55% [53 of 96] grade 1; 35% [34 of 96] grade 2) with onset primarily after the first and second dose. Occurrence of flu-like AEIs after doses 1-3 was predictive of reoccurrence after later doses. Dose-dependent elevations of pharmacodynamic biomarkers (interferon-stimulated gene 15, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, myxovirus resistance-1, interferon-α, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interferon-γ-induced protein 10, interferon-inducible T-cell-α chemoattractant) observed in participants with flu-like AEIs suggest a link with vesatolimod mechanism of action. CONCLUSIONS Flu-like AEIs associated with vesatolimod administration were typically mild but increased with exposure, which may be predicted by the response to initial doses. The data suggest that adaptive clinical monitoring could help maximize pharmacodynamic responses and balance adverse events in future clinical trials of vesatolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Riddler
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael F Para
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Yanhui Cai
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Liao Zhang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daina Lim
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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9
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Blanton LV, San Roman AK, Wood G, Buscetta A, Banks N, Skaletsky H, Godfrey AK, Pham TT, Hughes JF, Brown LG, Kruszka P, Lin AE, Kastner DL, Muenke M, Page DC. Stable and robust Xi and Y transcriptomes drive cell-type-specific autosomal and Xa responses in vivo and in vitro in four human cell types. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100628. [PMID: 39111319 PMCID: PMC11480847 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Recent in vitro studies of human sex chromosome aneuploidy showed that the Xi ("inactive" X) and Y chromosomes broadly modulate autosomal and Xa ("active" X) gene expression. We tested these findings in vivo. Linear modeling of CD4+ T cells and monocytes from individuals with one to three X chromosomes and zero to two Y chromosomes revealed 82 sex-chromosomal and 344 autosomal genes whose expression changed significantly with Xi and/or Y dosage in vivo. Changes in sex-chromosomal expression were remarkably constant in vivo and in vitro; autosomal responses to Xi and/or Y dosage were largely cell-type specific (∼2.6-fold more variation than sex-chromosomal responses). Targets of the sex-chromosomal transcription factors ZFX and ZFY accounted for a significant fraction of these autosomal responses both in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that the human Xi and Y transcriptomes are surprisingly robust and stable, yet they modulate autosomal and Xa genes in a cell-type-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geryl Wood
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ashley Buscetta
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole Banks
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helen Skaletsky
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Thao T Pham
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Laura G Brown
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angela E Lin
- Genetics Unit, MassGeneral for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David C Page
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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10
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Shi Y, Ma J, Li S, Liu C, Liu Y, Chen J, Liu N, Liu S, Huang H. Sex difference in human diseases: mechanistic insights and clinical implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:238. [PMID: 39256355 PMCID: PMC11387494 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex characteristics exhibit significant disparities in various human diseases, including prevalent cardiovascular diseases, cancers, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Risk profiles and pathological manifestations of these diseases exhibit notable variations between sexes. The underlying reasons for these sex disparities encompass multifactorial elements, such as physiology, genetics, and environment. Recent studies have shown that human body systems demonstrate sex-specific gene expression during critical developmental stages and gene editing processes. These genes, differentially expressed based on different sex, may be regulated by androgen or estrogen-responsive elements, thereby influencing the incidence and presentation of cardiovascular, oncological, metabolic, immune, and neurological diseases across sexes. However, despite the existence of sex differences in patients with human diseases, treatment guidelines predominantly rely on male data due to the underrepresentation of women in clinical trials. At present, there exists a substantial knowledge gap concerning sex-specific mechanisms and clinical treatments for diverse diseases. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the advances of sex differences on human diseases by examining epidemiological factors, pathogenesis, and innovative progress of clinical treatments in accordance with the distinctive risk characteristics of each disease and provide a new theoretical and practical basis for further optimizing individualized treatment and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianshuai Ma
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Punnanitinont A, Biswas S, Kasperek EM, Osinski J, Zhu C, Miecznikowski JC, Romano RA, Kramer JM. Tlr7 drives sex- and tissue-dependent effects in Sjögren's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1434269. [PMID: 39310226 PMCID: PMC11413591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1434269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's disease (pSD) is a systemic autoimmune disease that has the strongest female predilection of all autoimmune diseases. The underlying mechanisms that govern this sexual dimorphism, however, remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that pSD females would exhibit more robust disease as compared to males, and that Tlr7 controls distinct disease manifestations in males and females. Using a well-established pSD mouse model, we harvested exocrine glands, and pulmonary and renal tissue from males and females and quantified the inflammation present. We then collected salivary glands, spleens, and cervical lymph nodes and performed flow cytometry to assess immune populations implicated in disease. We also harvested sera to examine total and autoreactive antibodies. Our data revealed that pSD mice displayed sex-biased disease, as pSD females showed decreased dacryoadenitis, but increased nephritis as compared to males. Moreover, females exhibited increased proportions of germinal center B cells and CD4+ activated/memory T cells in the periphery. Additionally, salivary gland immune populations were altered in a sex-dependent manner in pSD. Females with pSD also displayed elevated total and autoreactive IgG as compared to males. Additionally, splenic B cell Tlr7 expression was increased in females. We next generated pSD mice that lacked Tlr7 systemically and found that ablation of Tlr7 was primarily protective in pSD females, while Tlr7-deficient pSD males showed heightened disease. Thus, pSD mice display sex-biased disease and these dichotomous manifestations are governed by Tlr7 activation. This study identifies Tlr7 as a druggable target for pSD, and highlights the importance of studying pSD disease mechanisms in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achamaporn Punnanitinont
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sheta Biswas
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Eileen M. Kasperek
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jason Osinski
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Miecznikowski
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jill M. Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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12
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Aoki R, Nihei Y, Matsuzaki K, Suzuki H, Kihara M, Ogawa A, Nishino T, Sanada S, Yokote S, Okabe M, Shirai S, Fukuda A, Hoshino J, Kondo D, Yokoo T, Kashihara N, Narita I, Suzuki Y. Gross Hematuria after the COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: Nationwide Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study in Japan. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:1322-1332. [PMID: 38976886 PMCID: PMC11441798 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Key Points Little is known about the clinicopathological characteristics and renal outcomes in the patients with gross hematuria (GH) after the vaccination. To fill a clinicopathological knowledge gap regarding vaccination and GH, we conducted a nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study. GH is more likely to occur in patients with IgA nephropathy, with a female bias, but without progressive exacerbation of renal function. Background In the past 3 years, cases of gross hematuria (GH) after the vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have been frequently reported worldwide. However, the postevent renal prognosis of these patients, their clinical backgrounds, and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study in Japan. Methods We analyzed laboratory findings at the time of the first presentation to the hospital and 3 and 6 months after in patients with GH after the vaccination and histopathological findings in their kidney biopsy specimens. Moreover, changes in pathological biomarkers of IgAN such as galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) and its immune complexes were also evaluated. Results During the study period, 127 newly presenting patients with GH after the vaccination were enrolled, with a clear female bias (73.2%). GH was observed after the second or subsequent vaccinations in most patients (92.9%). Of the 37 patients undergoing kidney biopsy before the vaccination, 36 patients had been diagnosed with IgAN/IgA vasculitis (IgAV). In the remaining 90 patients, 69 of the 70 who newly underwent kidney biopsy were diagnosed with IgAN (n =67)/IgAV (n =2). Their histopathology did not show a high incidence of acute lesions such as endocapillary hypercellularity and crescentic lesions. Most cases showed a temporary increase in proteinuria, but no sustained worsening in renal function. Among the biomarkers measured, serum Gd-IgA1 and immune complexes were comparable throughout the observation period; however, only urinary Gd-IgA1 was increased at the time of GH. Conclusions We found that GH after the vaccination is more likely to occur in patients with IgAN/IgAV, with a female bias, but without progressive exacerbation of renal function. Although further investigation is needed regarding causal relationship between vaccination and GH, this study provides many insights into the molecular mechanisms of GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryousuke Aoki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nihei
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masao Kihara
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asa Ogawa
- Division of Nephrology, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoru Sanada
- Department of Nephrology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinya Yokote
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Shirai
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fukuda
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Junichi Hoshino
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondo
- Department of Nephrology, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kashihara
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Joint Research Team from the Japanese Society of Nephrology and the Progressive Renal Diseases Research, Research on Intractable Disease, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Special Study Group for IgA Nephropathy, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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McCarthy MM. The immune system of trans men reveals how hormones shape immunity. Nature 2024; 633:38-40. [PMID: 39232144 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
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14
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Tomofuji Y, Edahiro R, Sonehara K, Shirai Y, Kock KH, Wang QS, Namba S, Moody J, Ando Y, Suzuki A, Yata T, Ogawa K, Naito T, Namkoong H, Xuan Lin QX, Buyamin EV, Tan LM, Sonthalia R, Han KY, Tanaka H, Lee H, Okuno T, Liu B, Matsuda K, Fukunaga K, Mochizuki H, Park WY, Yamamoto K, Hon CC, Shin JW, Prabhakar S, Kumanogoh A, Okada Y. Quantification of escape from X chromosome inactivation with single-cell omics data reveals heterogeneity across cell types and tissues. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100625. [PMID: 39084228 PMCID: PMC11406184 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Several X-linked genes escape from X chromosome inactivation (XCI), while differences in escape across cell types and tissues are still poorly characterized. Here, we developed scLinaX for directly quantifying relative gene expression from the inactivated X chromosome with droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. The scLinaX and differentially expressed gene analyses with large-scale blood scRNA-seq datasets consistently identified the stronger escape in lymphocytes than in myeloid cells. An extension of scLinaX to a 10x multiome dataset (scLinaX-multi) suggested a stronger escape in lymphocytes than in myeloid cells at the chromatin-accessibility level. The scLinaX analysis of human multiple-organ scRNA-seq datasets also identified the relatively strong degree of escape from XCI in lymphoid tissues and lymphocytes. Finally, effect size comparisons of genome-wide association studies between sexes suggested the underlying impact of escape on the genotype-phenotype association. Overall, scLinaX and the quantified escape catalog identified the heterogeneity of escape across cell types and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Tomofuji
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Ryuya Edahiro
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kyuto Sonehara
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yuya Shirai
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kian Hong Kock
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qingbo S Wang
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Jonathan Moody
- Laboratory for Genome Information Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Ando
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yata
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Naito
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 160-8582, Japan
| | - Quy Xiao Xuan Lin
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eliora Violain Buyamin
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Le Min Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Radhika Sonthalia
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kyung Yeon Han
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hiromu Tanaka
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ho Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Boxiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Republic of Singapore
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chung-Chau Hon
- Laboratory for Genome Information Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jay W Shin
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore; Laboratory for Advanced Genomics Circuit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Republic of Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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15
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Tan Y, Wu S, Ming F, Liu J, Marley G, Yu A, Luo Y, Zou S, Guo W, Tang W, Liang K. People living with HIV with the Omicron variant infection have milder COVID-19 symptoms: results from a cross-sectional study. AIDS Res Ther 2024; 21:53. [PMID: 39127636 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-024-00633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China braces for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surge after adjusting the "zero COVID" strategy. We aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of clinical symptoms of the Omicron variant infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-free people. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, in December 2022 by a self-administered online survey during the Omicron wave. Participants aged ≥ 18 years with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis were recruited. PLWH managed by the local healthcare system were recruited, while HIV-free people were recruited by sending out online surveys through WeChat. We compared the prevalence of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 between PLWH and HIV-free people, and factors associated with symptom occurrence among PLWH were accessed. RESULTS Total, 687 PLWH and 1222 HIV-free people were enrolled. After adjusting sex, age, body mass index, comorbidities and COVID-19 vaccination status, the prevalences of all symptoms, including higher degree and long duration of fever (aOR 0.51, 95%CI 0·42 - 0·61; aOR 0.52, 95%CI 0·43 - 0·63), were significantly lower among PLWH than among HIV-free people. Among PLWH, CD4+ T lymphocyte count (CD4 count) between 350 ~ 499 cells/µL and detectable HIV viral load (HIV-VL) were associated with significantly decreased risks of fever (aOR 0·63, 95%CI 0·40 - 0·97; aOR 0·56, 95%CI 0·33 - 0·94), headache (aOR 0·61, 95%CI 0·41 - 0·91; aOR 0·55, 95%CI 0·34 - 0·92) and muscle soreness (aOR 0·57, 95%CI 0·39 - 0·84; aOR 0·57, 95%CI 0·39 - 0·84). No apparent association between the symptoms prevalence and three/four doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH was observed; both males and older age were associated with significantly decreased risks of nasal congestion/runny nose (aOR 0·52, 95%CI 0·32 - 0·82; aOR 0·97, 95%CI 0·96 - 0·99) and headache (aOR 0·58, 95%CI 0·36 - 0·92; aOR 0·96, 95%CI 0·95 - 0·98); older age was associated with significantly decreased risks of higher degree of fever (aOR 0·97, 95%CI 0·95 - 0·98). CONCLUSIONS PLWH have significantly milder symptoms of the Omicron variant infection than HIV-free people. PLWH who are male, older, have low CD4 count, and detectable HIV-VL have reduced occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms. However, continuous monitoring should be conducted among PLWH during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Songjie Wu
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhao Ming
- Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gifty Marley
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Yu
- Dongxihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhe Luo
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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16
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Rael VE, Yano JA, Huizar JP, Slayden LC, Weiss MA, Turcotte EA, Terry JM, Zuo W, Thiffault I, Pastinen T, Farrow EG, Jenkins JL, Becker ML, Wong SC, Stevens AM, Otten C, Allenspach EJ, Bonner DE, Bernstein JA, Wheeler MT, Saxton RA, Liu B, Majer O, Barton GM. Large-scale mutational analysis identifies UNC93B1 variants that drive TLR-mediated autoimmunity in mice and humans. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232005. [PMID: 38780621 PMCID: PMC11116816 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLR) 3, 7/8, and 9 are key innate immune sensors whose activities must be tightly regulated to prevent systemic autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease or virus-associated immunopathology. Here, we report a systematic scanning-alanine mutagenesis screen of all cytosolic and luminal residues of the TLR chaperone protein UNC93B1, which identified both negative and positive regulatory regions affecting TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 responses. We subsequently identified two families harboring heterozygous coding mutations in UNC93B1, UNC93B1+/T93I and UNC93B1+/R336C, both in key negative regulatory regions identified in our screen. These patients presented with cutaneous tumid lupus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis plus neuroinflammatory disease, respectively. Disruption of UNC93B1-mediated regulation by these mutations led to enhanced TLR7/8 responses, and both variants resulted in systemic autoimmune or inflammatory disease when introduced into mice via genome editing. Altogether, our results implicate the UNC93B1-TLR7/8 axis in human monogenic autoimmune diseases and provide a functional resource to assess the impact of yet-to-be-reported UNC93B1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Rael
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Julian A. Yano
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John P. Huizar
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leianna C. Slayden
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Madeleine A. Weiss
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Turcotte
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jacob M. Terry
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wenqi Zuo
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Emily G. Farrow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Janda L. Jenkins
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Mara L. Becker
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen C. Wong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne M. Stevens
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
- Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Spring House, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Otten
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric J. Allenspach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Devon E. Bonner
- Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T. Wheeler
- Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert A. Saxton
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Olivia Majer
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregory M. Barton
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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17
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Cecalev D, Viçoso B, Galupa R. Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X. Development 2024; 151:dev202891. [PMID: 39140247 PMCID: PMC11361640 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Changes in gene dosage can have tremendous evolutionary potential (e.g. whole-genome duplications), but without compensatory mechanisms, they can also lead to gene dysregulation and pathologies. Sex chromosomes are a paradigmatic example of naturally occurring gene dosage differences and their compensation. In species with chromosome-based sex determination, individuals within the same population necessarily show 'natural' differences in gene dosage for the sex chromosomes. In this Review, we focus on the mammalian X chromosome and discuss recent new insights into the dosage-compensation mechanisms that evolved along with the emergence of sex chromosomes, namely X-inactivation and X-upregulation. We also discuss the evolution of the genetic loci and molecular players involved, as well as the regulatory diversity and potentially different requirements for dosage compensation across mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cecalev
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology (MCD) Unit, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Beatriz Viçoso
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Rafael Galupa
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology (MCD) Unit, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France
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18
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Bertrand A, Sugrue J, Lou T, Bourke NM, Quintana-Murci L, Saint-André V, O'Farrelly C, Duffy D. Impact of socioeconomic status on healthy immune responses in humans. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:618-629. [PMID: 38862267 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at greater risk of contracting and developing severe disease compared with people with higher SES. Age, sex, host genetics, smoking and cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus are known to have a major impact on human immune responses and thus susceptibility to infection. However, the impact of SES on immune variability is not well understood or explored. Here, we used data from the Milieu Intérieur project, a study of 1000 healthy volunteers with extensive demographic and biological data, to examine the effect of SES on immune variability. We developed an Elo-rating system using socioeconomic features such as education, income and home ownership status to objectively rank SES in the 1000 donors. We observed sex-specific SES associations, such as females with a low SES having a significantly higher frequency of CMV seropositivity compared with females with high SES, and males with a low SES having a significantly higher frequency of active smoking compared with males with a high SES. Using random forest models, we identified specific immune genes which were significantly associated with SES in both baseline and immune challenge conditions. Interestingly, many of the SES associations were sex stimuli specific, highlighting the complexity of these interactions. Our study provides a new way of computing SES in human populations that can help identify novel SES associations and reinforces biological evidence for SES-dependent susceptibility to infection. This should serve as a basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms behind SES effects on immune responses and ultimately disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bertrand
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Frontiers of Innovation in Research and Education PhD Program, LPI Doctoral School, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jamie Sugrue
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tianai Lou
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nollaig M Bourke
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
- Chair of Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Violaine Saint-André
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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19
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Cai Y, Podlaha O, Deeks SG, Brinson C, Ramgopal MN, DeJesus E, Mills A, Shalit P, Abdel-Mohsen M, Zhang L, de Vries CR, Vendrame E, SenGupta D, Wallin JJ. HIV rebound in HIV controllers is associated with a specific fecal microbiome profile. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350809. [PMID: 38727191 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with gut dysbiosis, and microbiome variability may affect HIV control when antiretroviral therapy (ART) is stopped. The TLR7 agonist, vesatolimod, was previously associated with a modest delay in viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption in HIV controllers (HCs). Using a retrospective analysis of fecal samples from HCs treated with vesatolimod or placebo (NCT03060447), people with chronic HIV (CH; NCT02858401) or without HIV (PWOH), we examined fecal microbiome profile in HCs before/after treatment, and in CH and PWOH. Microbiome diversity and abundance were compared between groups to investigate the association between specific phyla/species, immune biomarkers, and viral outcomes during treatment interruption. Although there were no significant differences in gut microbiome diversity between people with and without HIV, HCs, and CH shared common features that distinguished them from PWOH. there was a trend toward greater microbiome diversity among HCs. Treatment with vesatolimod reduced dysbiosis in HCs. Firmicutes positively correlated with T-cell activation, while Bacteroidetes and Euryarchaeota inversely correlated with TLR7-mediated immune activation. Specific types of fecal microbiome abundance (e.g. Alistipes putredinis) positively correlated with HIV rebound. In conclusion, variability in the composition of the fecal microbiome is associated with markers of immune activation following vesatolimod treatment and ART interruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Cai
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Moti N Ramgopal
- Midway Immunology and Research Center, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | | | - Anthony Mills
- Men's Health Foundation, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Peter Shalit
- Peter Shalit MD and Associates, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liao Zhang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
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20
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Sheng JA, Tobet SA. Maternal immune activation with toll-like receptor 7 agonist during mid-gestation alters juvenile and adult developmental milestones and behavior. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13417. [PMID: 38822791 PMCID: PMC11296912 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Infections during pregnancy are associated with increased risk for adult neuropsychiatric disease, such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder. In mouse models of maternal immune activation (MIA), different toll-like receptors (TLRs) are stimulated to initiate inflammatory responses in mother and fetus. The goal of this study was to determine sex-dependent aspects of MIA using a TLR7/8 agonist, Resiquimod (RQ), on neurodevelopment. RQ was administered to timed-pregnant mice on embryonic day (E) 12.5. At E15, maternal/fetal plasma cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Maternal cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were higher while tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17 were lower in pregnant dams exposed to RQ. Fetal cytokines (E15) were altered at the same timepoint with fetal plasma IL-6 and IL-17 greater after RQ compared to vehicle, while IL-10 and TNF-α were higher in male fetuses but not female. Other timed-pregnant dams were allowed to give birth. MIA with RQ did not alter the female to male ratio of offspring born per litter. Body weights were reduced significantly in both sexes at birth, and over the next 5 weeks. Offspring from RQ-injected mothers opened their eyes 5 days later than controls. Similarly, female offspring from RQ-injected mothers exhibited pubertal delay based on vaginal opening 2-3 days later than control females. On the behavioral side, juvenile and adult male and female MIA offspring exhibited less social-like behavior in a social interaction test. Anhedonia-like behavior was greater in MIA adult female mice. This study provides support for sex-dependent influences of fetal antecedents for altered brain development and behavioral outputs that could be indicative of increased susceptibility for adult disorders through immune mechanisms. Future studies are needed to determine neural cellular and molecular mechanisms for such programming effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart A. Tobet
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Department of Psychiatry, Mass General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Innovation Center on Sex Differences in Medicine, Mass General Hospital
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21
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Li X, Villanueva V, Jimenez V, Nguyen B, Chauhan NR, Khan SQ, Dorschner JM, Jensen MA, Alzahrani K, Wei H, Cimbaluk DJ, Wei DC, Jolly M, Lopez-Rodriguez D, Pineda SB, Barbosa A, Vazquez-Padron RI, Faridi HM, Reiser J, Niewold TB, Gupta V. CD11b suppresses TLR7-driven inflammatory signaling to protect against lupus nephritis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.26.605143. [PMID: 39211173 PMCID: PMC11361177 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Lupus Nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that affects kidney function. Here, we investigated the role of CD11b, a protein encoded by the ITGAM gene, in the development of LN and its functional activation as a therapeutic strategy. Genetic coding variants of ITGAM significantly increase the risk for SLE and LN by producing a less active CD11b and leading to elevated levels of type I interferon (IFN I). However, a molecular mechanism for how these variants increase LN risk has been unclear. Here, we determined that these variants also significantly associate with elevations in soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a known biomarker linked to kidney disease, suggesting a novel molecular connection. Pharmacologic activation of CD11b with a novel, clinical-stage agonist ONT01 significantly suppressed suPAR production in myeloid cells and reduced systemic inflammation and kidney damage in multiple experimental models of LN. Importantly, delaying treatment with ONT01 until after disease onset also significantly reduced serum suPAR and inflammatory cytokines, and decreased immune complex deposition in the glomerulus, glomerulonephritis and albuminuria, suggesting that CD11b activation is therapeutic for LN. Genetic activation of CD11b via a gain-of-function CD11b mutation also showed complete protection from LN, whereas genetic deletion of CD11b worsened the disease in mice, providing further evidence of the role of CD11b activation in regulating LN. Finally, transfer of human LN PBMCs generated human LN like disease in mice that was significantly reduced by ONT01. Together, these data provide strong evidence that ONT01 mediated CD11b activation can therapeutically modulate TLR7-driven inflammation and protect against LN. These findings support clinical development of CD11b agonists as novel therapeutics for treating lupus nephritis in human patients.
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22
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Huard A, Rodriguez E, Talabot-Ayer D, Weigert A, Palmer G. Interleukin-38 overexpression in keratinocytes limits desquamation but does not affect the global severity of imiquimod-induced skin inflammation in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387921. [PMID: 39119344 PMCID: PMC11306934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that significantly impacts the patients' quality of life. Recent studies highlighted the function of the interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-38 in skin homeostasis and suggested an anti-inflammatory role for this cytokine in psoriasis. In this study, we generated mice specifically overexpressing the IL-38 protein in epidermal keratinocytes. We confirmed IL-38 overexpression in the skin by Western blotting. We further detected the protein by ELISA in the plasma, as well as in conditioned media of skin explants isolated from IL-38 overexpressing mice, indicating that IL-38 produced in the epidermis is released from keratinocytes and can be found in the circulation. Unexpectedly, epidermal IL-38 overexpression did not impact the global severity of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced skin inflammation, Similarly, keratinocyte activation and differentiation in IMQ-treated skin were not affected by increased IL-38 expression and there was no global effect on local or systemic inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, we observed a selective inhibition of CXCL1 and IL-6 production in response to IMQ in IL-38 overexpressing skin, as well as reduced Ly6g mRNA levels, suggesting decreased neutrophil infiltration. Epidermal IL-38 overexpression also selectively affected the desquamation process during IMQ-induced psoriasis, as illustrated by reduced plaque formation. Taken together, our results validate the generation of a new mouse line allowing for tissue-specific IL-38 overexpression. Interestingly, epidermal IL-38 overexpression selectively affected specific disease-associated readouts during IMQ-induced psoriasis, suggesting a more complex role of IL-38 in the inflamed skin than previously recognized. In particular, our data highlight a potential involvement of IL-38 in the regulation of skin desquamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Huard
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Rodriguez
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Talabot-Ayer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Yoshida A, Kim M, Kuwana M, Ravichandran N, Makol A, Sen P, Lilleker JB, Agarwal V, Kardes S, Day J, Milchert M, Joshi M, Gheita T, Salim B, Velikova T, Gracia-Ramos AE, Parodis I, Nikiphorou E, Chatterjee T, Tan AL, Nune A, Cavagna L, Saavedra MA, Shinjo SK, Ziade N, Knitza J, Distler O, Chinoy H, Agarwal V, Aggarwal R, Gupta L. Gender differences in patient experience in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Subanalysis from the COVAD dataset. Mod Rheumatol 2024; 34:756-766. [PMID: 37769200 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the gender-based differences in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), with a particular focus on patient-reported outcomes, utilizing the data obtained through the international COVID-19 vaccination in autoimmune disease e-survey. METHODS Patient-reported outcomes including fatigue, pain, and physical function were extracted from the COVID-19 vaccination in autoimmune disease database and compared between genders, adjusting for demographics and IIM subgroups by multivariable analysis. Inclusion body myositis (IBM) was analysed separately because of the substantial differences in outcomes. RESULTS A total of 1197 complete responses from patients with IIMs as of 31 August 2021 were analysed. Seventy percent were women. Women were younger (58 [48-68] vs. 69 [58-75] years old, median [interquartile range], P < .001) and were more likely to suffer from autoimmune multimorbidity, defined as three or more autoimmune diseases in an individual patient (11.4% vs. 2.8%, P < .001). In non-IBM IIMs, fatigue visual analogue scale scores were higher in women (5 [3-7] vs. 4 [2-6], median [interquartile range], P = .004), whereas no significant gender-based differences were noted in IBM. Multivariable analysis in non-IBM IIMs revealed that women, residence in high-income countries, overlap myositis, and autoimmune multimorbidity were independently associated with increased fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Women with IIMs suffer from autoimmune multimorbidity and experience increased fatigue compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minchul Kim
- Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naveen Ravichandran
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashima Makol
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - James B Lilleker
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Neurology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | | | - Sinan Kardes
- Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, Turkey
| | - Jessica Day
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marcin Milchert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, Diabetology, Geriatrics and Clinical Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mrudula Joshi
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, India
| | - Tamer Gheita
- Rheumatology Department, Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Babur Salim
- Rheumatology Department, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital, National Medical Center 'La Raza', Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
- Rheumatology Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tulika Chatterjee
- Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Ai Lyn Tan
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Arvind Nune
- Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust, Southport, UK
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Department of Rheumatology, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Dipartimento di Medicine Interna e Terapia Medica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Miguel A Saavedra
- Departamento de Reumatología Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelly Ziade
- Rheumatology Department, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Rheumatology Department, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Johannes Knitza
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hector Chinoy
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Latika Gupta
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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24
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Forsyth KS, Jiwrajka N, Lovell CD, Toothacre NE, Anguera MC. The conneXion between sex and immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:487-502. [PMID: 38383754 PMCID: PMC11216897 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-00996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases, and male individuals displaying preferential susceptibility to some viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Although sex hormones clearly contribute to sex differences in immune cell composition and function, the presence of two X chromosomes in female individuals suggests that differential gene expression of numerous X chromosome-linked immune-related genes may also influence sex-biased innate and adaptive immune cell function in health and disease. Here, we review the sex differences in immune system composition and function, examining how hormones and genetics influence the immune system. We focus on the genetic and epigenetic contributions responsible for altered X chromosome-linked gene expression, and how this impacts sex-biased immune responses in the context of pathogen infection and systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Forsyth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil Jiwrajka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie E Toothacre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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25
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Sutherland L, Carter L. Sex as a Biological Variable in Early-Phase Oncology Clinical Trials: Enhancing the Path to Personalised Medicine. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32597. [PMID: 39183838 PMCID: PMC11341330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex is an essential biological variable that influences the development, progression and response to treatment in cancer. Despite this, early-phase cancer clinical trials frequently neglect to consider sex as a variable, creating a barrier to the development of personalised medicine. This article argues that failure to identify and infer sex differences in early-phase clinical trials may result in suboptimal dosing, underestimation of toxicity, and the failure to identify potential sex-specific responses to new systemic anticancer therapies. There should be a greater focus on sex as a biological variable in drug development so that thoughtful and deliberate study design can bring precision to the development of new systemic cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Sutherland
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise Carter
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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26
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Cerrillos-Gutiérrez JI, Medina-Pérez M, Andrade-Sierra J, García-Sánchez A, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Campos-Pérez W, Martínez-López E, Sánchez-Lozano DI, Campos-Bayardo TI, Román-Rojas D, Gómez-Hermosillo LF, Casillas-Moreno J, Miranda-Díaz AG. The Expression of Toll-like Receptors (TLR7 and TLR9) in Class III and Class IV of Recently Diagnosed Lupus Nephritis with 12-Month Follow-Up. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7023. [PMID: 39000140 PMCID: PMC11241645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present study included patients with recently diagnosed Class III and Class IV lupus nephritis (LN) treated by Rheumatology who, upon the detection of alterations in their kidney function, were referred to Nephrology for the joint management of both medical specialties. The purpose of this study was to compare the plasma expression of Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9 in healthy control (HC) subjects and newly diagnosed Class III and Class IV LN patients with 12-month follow-ups. The plasma expression of TLR7 and TLR9 proteins was determined by the ELISA method. A significant increase in the expression of TLR7 protein was found in Class III LN in the basal determination compared to the expression in the HC (p = 0.002) and at 12 months of follow-up (p = 0.03) vs. HC. The expression of TLR9 showed a behavior opposite to that of TLR7. TLR9 showed decreased protein expression in LN Class III patients' baseline and final measurements. The result was similar in the basal and final determinations of LN Class IV compared to the expression in HC. A significant decrease in SLEDAI -2K was observed at 12 months of follow-up in patients in Class III (p = 0.01) and Class IV (p = 0.0001) of LN. Complement C3 levels improved significantly at 12-month follow-up in Class IV patients (p = 0.0001). Complement C4 levels decreased significantly at 12-month follow-up in LN Class III compared to baseline (p = 0.01). Anti-DNA antibodies decreased significantly at 12 months of follow-up in Class IV LN (p = 0.01). A significant increase in proteinuria was found at 12 months of follow-up in Class III LN, compared to the baseline determination (p = 0.02). In LN Class IV, proteinuria decreased at 12 months of follow-up compared to baseline (p = 0.0001). Albuminuria decreased at 12 months of follow-up in LN Class IV (p = 0.006). Class IV LN, albuminuria also decreased at 12 months of follow-up (p = 0.009). Hematuria persisted in all patients and the glomerular filtration rate did not change. Three Class IV patients died before 12 months of follow-up from various causes. In conclusion, although the rheumatologic data appeared to improve, the renal function data remained inconsistent. Decreased expression of TLR9 and increased expression of TLR7 could be useful in the early diagnosis of Class III and Class IV LN is correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Cerrillos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Nephrology, National Medical Center of the West, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.I.C.-G.); (M.M.-P.); (J.A.-S.)
| | - Miguel Medina-Pérez
- Department of Nephrology, National Medical Center of the West, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.I.C.-G.); (M.M.-P.); (J.A.-S.)
| | - Jorge Andrade-Sierra
- Department of Nephrology, National Medical Center of the West, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.I.C.-G.); (M.M.-P.); (J.A.-S.)
| | - Andrés García-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.); (D.I.S.-L.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.)
| | - Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.); (D.I.S.-L.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.)
| | - Wendy Campos-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Nutrigenetics and Translational Nutrigenomics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (W.C.-P.); (E.M.-L.)
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Nutrigenetics and Translational Nutrigenomics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (W.C.-P.); (E.M.-L.)
| | - Daniela Itzel Sánchez-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.); (D.I.S.-L.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.)
| | - Tannia Isabel Campos-Bayardo
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.); (D.I.S.-L.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.)
| | - Daniel Román-Rojas
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.); (D.I.S.-L.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.)
| | - Luis Francisco Gómez-Hermosillo
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, “Juan I Menchaca”, Guadalajara 44360, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.F.G.-H.); (J.C.-M.)
| | - Jorge Casillas-Moreno
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, “Juan I Menchaca”, Guadalajara 44360, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.F.G.-H.); (J.C.-M.)
| | - Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.); (D.I.S.-L.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.)
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27
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Armani-Tourret M, Bone B, Tan TS, Sun W, Bellefroid M, Struyve T, Louella M, Yu XG, Lichterfeld M. Immune targeting of HIV-1 reservoir cells: a path to elimination strategies and cure. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:328-344. [PMID: 38337034 PMCID: PMC11131351 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Successful approaches for eradication or cure of HIV-1 infection are likely to include immunological mechanisms, but remarkably little is known about how human immune responses can recognize and interact with the few HIV-1-infected cells that harbour genome-intact viral DNA, persist long term despite antiretroviral therapy and represent the main barrier to a cure. For a long time regarded as being completely shielded from host immune responses due to viral latency, these cells do, on closer examination with single-cell analytic techniques, display discrete footprints of immune selection, implying that human immune responses may be able to effectively engage and target at least some of these cells. The failure to eliminate rebound-competent virally infected cells in the majority of persons likely reflects the evolution of a highly selected pool of reservoir cells that are effectively camouflaged from immune recognition or rely on sophisticated approaches for resisting immune-mediated killing. Understanding the fine-tuned interplay between host immune responses and viral reservoir cells will help to design improved interventions that exploit the immunological vulnerabilities of HIV-1 reservoir cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Armani-Tourret
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Bone
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Toong Seng Tan
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maxime Bellefroid
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tine Struyve
- HIV Cure Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Louella
- Community Advisory Board, Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xu G Yu
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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28
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Ruan P, Wang S, Yi P, Yang M, Chen Y, Yang M. Identification of the potential TLR7 antagonists by virtual screening and experimental validation. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1335-1346. [PMID: 37217769 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is highly expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells, and its aberrant activation can promote disease progression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We utilized structure-based virtual screening and experimental validation to screen natural products from TargetMol for potential TLR7 antagonists. Our results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed that Mogroside V (MV) strongly interacted with TLR7, with stable open-TLR7-MV and close-TLR7-MV complexes. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that MV significantly inhibited B cell differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition to TLR7, we also revealed a strong interaction of MV with all TLRs, including TLR4. The above results suggested that MV might be a potential TLR7 antagonist deserving of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinglang Ruan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Susu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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29
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Al-Azab M, Idiiatullina E, Liu Z, Lin M, Hrovat-Schaale K, Xian H, Zhu J, Yang M, Lu B, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Chang J, Li X, Guo C, Liu Y, Wu Q, Chen J, Lan C, Zeng P, Cui J, Gao X, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Masters SL. Genetic variants in UNC93B1 predispose to childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:969-980. [PMID: 38831104 PMCID: PMC11147776 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Rare genetic variants in toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) are known to cause lupus in humans and mice. UNC93B1 is a transmembrane protein that regulates TLR7 localization into endosomes. In the present study, we identify two new variants in UNC93B1 (T314A, located proximally to the TLR7 transmembrane domain, and V117L) in a cohort of east Asian patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. The V117L variant was associated with increased expression of type I interferons and NF-κB-dependent cytokines in patient plasma and immortalized B cells. THP-1 cells expressing the variant UNC93B1 alleles exhibited exaggerated responses to stimulation of TLR7/-8, but not TLR3 or TLR9, which could be inhibited by targeting the downstream signaling molecules, IRAK1/-4. Heterozygous mice expressing the orthologous Unc93b1V117L variant developed a spontaneous lupus-like disease that was more severe in homozygotes and again hyperresponsive to TLR7 stimulation. Together, this work formally identifies genetic variants in UNC93B1 that can predispose to childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al-Azab
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen
| | - Elina Idiiatullina
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Therapy and Nursing, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Lin
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Katja Hrovat-Schaale
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huifang Xian
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianheng Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mandy Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingtai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Mitochondrial Genetics and Health, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Chang
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Guo
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Children Medical Center, Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoting Lan
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Seth L Masters
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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30
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Popotas A, Casimir GJ, Corazza F, Lefèvre N. Sex-related immunity: could Toll-like receptors be the answer in acute inflammatory response? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379754. [PMID: 38835761 PMCID: PMC11148260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have highlighted the existence of a sex-specific immune response, wherein men experience a worse prognosis in cases of acute inflammatory diseases. Initially, this sex-dependent inflammatory response was attributed to the influence of sex hormones. However, a growing body of evidence has shifted the focus toward the influence of chromosomes rather than sex hormones in shaping these inflammatory sex disparities. Notably, certain pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and their associated immune pathways have been implicated in driving the sex-specific immune response. These receptors are encoded by genes located on the X chromosome. TLRs are pivotal components of the innate immune system, playing crucial roles in responding to infectious diseases, including bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as trauma-related conditions. Importantly, the TLR-mediated inflammatory responses, as indicated by the production of specific proteins and cytokines, exhibit discernible sex-dependent patterns. In this review, we delve into the subject of sex bias in TLR activation and explore its clinical implications relatively to both the X chromosome and the hormonal environment. The overarching objective is to enhance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying these sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Popotas
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georges Jacques Casimir
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola) – University Hospital of Brussels (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefèvre
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola) – University Hospital of Brussels (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Mitul MT, Kastenschmidt JM, Sureshchandra S, Wagoner ZW, Sorn AM, Mcllwain DR, Hernandez-Davies JE, Jain A, de Assis R, Trask D, Davies DH, Wagar LE. Tissue-specific sex differences in pediatric and adult immune cell composition and function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1373537. [PMID: 38812520 PMCID: PMC11133680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex-based differences in immune cell composition and function can contribute to distinct adaptive immune responses. Prior work has quantified these differences in peripheral blood, but little is known about sex differences within human lymphoid tissues. Here, we characterized the composition and phenotypes of adaptive immune cells from male and female ex vivo tonsils and evaluated their responses to influenza antigens using an immune organoid approach. In a pediatric cohort, female tonsils had more memory B cells compared to male tonsils direct ex vivo and after stimulation with live-attenuated but not inactivated vaccine, produced higher influenza-specific antibody responses. Sex biases were also observed in adult tonsils but were different from those measured in children. Analysis of peripheral blood immune cells from in vivo vaccinated adults also showed higher frequencies of tissue homing CD4 T cells in female participants. Together, our data demonstrate that distinct memory B and T cell profiles are present in male vs. female lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood respectively and suggest that these differences may in part explain sex biases in response to vaccines and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahina Tabassum Mitul
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jenna M. Kastenschmidt
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Zachary W. Wagoner
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Andrew M. Sorn
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - David R. Mcllwain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Jenny E. Hernandez-Davies
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rafael de Assis
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Douglas Trask
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - D. Huw Davies
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lisa E. Wagar
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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32
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von Hofsten S, Fenton KA, Pedersen HL. Human and Murine Toll-like Receptor-Driven Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5351. [PMID: 38791389 PMCID: PMC11120885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is linked to the differential roles of toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. TLR7 overexpression or gene duplication, as seen with the Y-linked autoimmune accelerator (Yaa) locus or TLR7 agonist imiquimod, correlates with increased SLE severity, and specific TLR7 polymorphisms and gain-of-function variants are associated with enhanced SLE susceptibility and severity. In addition, the X-chromosome location of TLR7 and its escape from X-chromosome inactivation provide a genetic basis for female predominance in SLE. The absence of TLR8 and TLR9 have been shown to exacerbate the detrimental effects of TLR7, leading to upregulated TLR7 activity and increased disease severity in mouse models of SLE. The regulatory functions of TLR8 and TLR9 have been proposed to involve competition for the endosomal trafficking chaperone UNC93B1. However, recent evidence implies more direct, regulatory functions of TLR9 on TLR7 activity. The association between age-associated B cells (ABCs) and autoantibody production positions these cells as potential targets for treatment in SLE, but the lack of specific markers necessitates further research for precise therapeutic intervention. Therapeutically, targeting TLRs is a promising strategy for SLE treatment, with drugs like hydroxychloroquine already in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah von Hofsten
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Kristin Andreassen Fenton
- Centre of Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Hege Lynum Pedersen
- Centre of Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
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Huret C, Ferrayé L, David A, Mohamed M, Valentin N, Charlotte F, Savignac M, Goodhardt M, Guéry JC, Rougeulle C, Morey C. Altered X-chromosome inactivation predisposes to autoimmunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6537. [PMID: 38701219 PMCID: PMC11068014 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, males and females show marked differences in immune responses. Males are globally more sensitive to infectious diseases, while females are more susceptible to systemic autoimmunity. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), the epigenetic mechanism ensuring the silencing of one X in females, may participate in these sex biases. We perturbed the expression of the trigger of XCI, the noncoding RNA Xist, in female mice. This resulted in reactivation of genes on the inactive X, including members of the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling pathway, in monocyte/macrophages and dendritic and B cells. Consequently, female mice spontaneously developed inflammatory signs typical of lupus, including anti-nucleic acid autoantibodies, increased frequencies of age-associated and germinal center B cells, and expansion of monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells. Mechanistically, TLR7 signaling is dysregulated in macrophages, leading to sustained expression of target genes upon stimulation. These findings provide a direct link between maintenance of XCI and female-biased autoimmune manifestations and highlight altered XCI as a cause of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Huret
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Léa Ferrayé
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine David
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Myriame Mohamed
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Valentin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Charlotte
- Sorbonne University, Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Magali Savignac
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Michele Goodhardt
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rougeulle
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Céline Morey
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
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Bowness JS, Almeida M, Nesterova TB, Brockdorff N. YY1 binding is a gene-intrinsic barrier to Xist-mediated gene silencing. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2258-2277. [PMID: 38654121 PMCID: PMC11094009 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in mammals is mediated by Xist RNA which functions in cis to silence genes on a single X chromosome in XX female cells, thereby equalising levels of X-linked gene expression relative to XY males. XCI progresses over a period of several days, with some X-linked genes silencing faster than others. The chromosomal location of a gene is an important determinant of silencing rate, but uncharacterised gene-intrinsic features also mediate resistance or susceptibility to silencing. In this study, we examine mouse embryonic stem cell lines with an inducible Xist allele (iXist-ChrX mESCs) and integrate allele-specific data of gene silencing and decreasing inactive X (Xi) chromatin accessibility over time courses of Xist induction with cellular differentiation. Our analysis reveals that motifs bound by the transcription factor YY1 are associated with persistently accessible regulatory elements, including many promoters and enhancers of slow-silencing genes. We further show that YY1 is evicted relatively slowly from target sites on Xi, and that silencing of X-linked genes is increased upon YY1 degradation. Together our results suggest that YY1 acts as a barrier to Xist-mediated silencing until the late stages of the XCI process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Bowness
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mafalda Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Neil Brockdorff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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Ah Kioon MD, Laurent P, Chaudhary V, Du Y, Crow MK, Barrat FJ. Modulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells response in inflammation and autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:241-256. [PMID: 38553621 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the subsequent recognition that endogenous nucleic acids (NAs) could serve as TLR ligands have led to essential insights into mechanisms of healthy immune responses as well as pathogenic mechanisms relevant to systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, NA-containing immune complexes serve as TLR ligands, with distinct implications depending on the additional immune stimuli available. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the robust producers of type I interferon (IFN-I), are providing critical insights relevant to TLR-mediated healthy immune responses and tissue repair, as well as generation of inflammation, autoimmunity and fibrosis, processes central to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. In this review, we describe recent data characterizing the role of platelets and NA-binding chemokines in modulation of TLR signaling in pDCs, as well as implications for how the IFN-I products of pDCs contribute to the generation of inflammation and wound healing responses by monocyte/macrophages. Chemokine modulators of TLR-mediated B cell tolerance mechanisms and interactions between TLR signaling and metabolic pathways are also considered. The modulators of TLR signaling and their contribution to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases suggest new opportunities for identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paôline Laurent
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vidyanath Chaudhary
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yong Du
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary K Crow
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Franck J Barrat
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Carpenter S, O'Neill LAJ. From periphery to center stage: 50 years of advancements in innate immunity. Cell 2024; 187:2030-2051. [PMID: 38670064 PMCID: PMC11060700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years in the field of immunology, something of a Copernican revolution has happened. For a long time, immunologists were mainly concerned with what is termed adaptive immunity, which involves the exquisitely specific activities of lymphocytes. But the other arm of immunity, so-called "innate immunity," had been neglected. To celebrate Cell's 50th anniversary, we have put together a review of the processes and components of innate immunity and trace the seminal contributions leading to the modern state of this field. Innate immunity has joined adaptive immunity in the center of interest for all those who study the body's defenses, as well as homeostasis and pathology. We are now entering the era where therapeutic targeting of innate immune receptors and downstream signals hold substantial promise for infectious and inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Carpenter
- University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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37
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Holbrook BC, Clemens EA, Alexander-Miller MA. Sex-Dependent Effects on Influenza-Specific Antibody Quantity and Neutralizing Activity following Vaccination of Newborn Non-Human Primates Is Determined by Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:415. [PMID: 38675797 PMCID: PMC11054256 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated the role of sex in regulating immune responses to vaccination. However, these findings have been limited to adults for both human and animal models. As a result, our understanding of the impact of sex on vaccine responses in the newborn is highly limited. Here, we probe this important question using a newborn non-human primate model. We leveraged our prior analysis of two cohorts of newborns, with one being mother-reared and one nursery-reared. This provided adequate numbers of males and females to interrogate the impact of sex on the response to inactivated influenza vaccines alone or adjuvanted with R848, flagellin, or both. We found that, in contrast to what has been reported in adults, the non-adjuvanted inactivated influenza virus vaccine induced similar levels of virus-specific IgG in male and female newborns. However, the inclusion of R848, either alone or in combination with flagellin, resulted in higher antibody titers in females compared to males. Sex-specific increases in the neutralizing antibody were only observed when both R848 and flagellin were present. These data, generated in the highly translational NHP newborn model, provide novel insights into the role of sex in the immune response of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martha A. Alexander-Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Rm 2E-018 Biotech Place, 575 North Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (B.C.H.); elene.a.- (E.A.C.)
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38
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Dhakal S, Park HS, Seddu K, Lee JS, Creisher PS, Seibert B, Davis KM, Hernandez IR, Maul RW, Klein SL. Estradiol mediates greater germinal center responses to influenza vaccination in female than male mice. mBio 2024; 15:e0032624. [PMID: 38441028 PMCID: PMC11005424 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00326-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult females of reproductive age develop greater antibody responses to inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) than males. How sex, age, and sex steroid concentrations impact B cells and durability of IIV-induced immunity and protection over 4 months post-vaccination (mpv) was analyzed. Vaccinated adult females had greater germinal center B cell and plasmablast frequencies in lymphoid tissues, higher neutralizing antibody responses 1-4 mpv, and better protection against live H1N1 challenge than adult males. Aged mice, regardless of sex, had reduced B cell frequencies, less durable antibody responses, and inferior protection after challenge than adult mice, which correlated with diminished estradiol among aged females. To confirm that greater IIV-induced immunity was caused by sex hormones, four core genotype (FCG) mice were used, in which the testes-determining gene, Sry, was deleted from chromosome Y (ChrY) and transferred to Chr3 to separate gonadal sex (i.e., ovaries or testes) from sex chromosome complement (i.e., XX or XY complement). Vaccinated, gonadal female FCG mice (XXF and XYF) had greater numbers of B cells, higher antiviral antibody titers, and reduced pulmonary virus titers following live H1N1 challenge than gonadal FCG males (XYM and XXM). To establish that lower estradiol concentrations cause diminished immunity, adult and aged females received either a placebo or estradiol replacement therapy prior to IIV. Estradiol replacement significantly increased IIV-induced antibody responses and reduced morbidity after the H1N1 challenge among aged females. These data highlight that estradiol is a targetable mechanism mediating greater humoral immunity following vaccination among adult females.IMPORTANCEFemales of reproductive ages develop greater antibody responses to influenza vaccines than males. We hypothesized that female-biased immunity and protection against influenza were mediated by estradiol signaling in B cells. Using diverse mouse models ranging from advanced-age mice to transgenic mice that separate sex steroids from sex chromosome complement, those mice with greater concentrations of estradiol consistently had greater numbers of antibody-producing B cells in lymphoid tissue, higher antiviral antibody titers, and greater protection against live influenza virus challenge. Treatment of aged female mice with estradiol enhanced vaccine-induced immunity and protection against disease, suggesting that estradiol signaling in B cells is critical for improved vaccine outcomes in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Han-Sol Park
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kumba Seddu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John S. Lee
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick S. Creisher
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brittany Seibert
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Davis
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabella R. Hernandez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert W. Maul
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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39
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Bulut O, Temba GS, Koeken VACM, Moorlag SJCFM, de Bree LCJ, Mourits VP, Kullaya VI, Jaeger M, Qi C, Riksen NP, Domínguez-Andrés J, Xu CJ, Joosten LAB, Li Y, de Mast Q, Netea MG. Common and distinct metabolomic markers related to immune aging in Western European and East African populations. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 218:111916. [PMID: 38364983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In old age, impaired immunity causes high susceptibility to infections and cancer, higher morbidity and mortality, and poorer vaccination efficiency. Many factors, such as genetics, diet, and lifestyle, impact aging. This study aimed to investigate how immune responses change with age in healthy Dutch and Tanzanian individuals and identify common metabolites associated with an aged immune profile. We performed untargeted metabolomics from plasma to identify age-associated metabolites, and we correlated their concentrations with ex-vivo cytokine production by immune cells, DNA methylation-based epigenetic aging, and telomere length. Innate immune responses were impacted differently by age in Dutch and Tanzanian cohorts. Age-related decline in steroid hormone precursors common in both populations was associated with higher systemic inflammation and lower cytokine responses. Hippurate and 2-phenylacetamide, commonly more abundant in older individuals, were negatively correlated with cytokine responses and telomere length and positively correlated with epigenetic aging. Lastly, we identified several metabolites that might contribute to the stronger decline in innate immunity with age in Tanzanians. The shared metabolomic signatures of the two cohorts suggest common mechanisms of immune aging, revealing metabolites with potential contributions. These findings also reflect genetic or environmental effects on circulating metabolites that modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands.
| | - Godfrey S Temba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands; Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands
| | - L Charlotte J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands
| | - Vesla I Kullaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands
| | - Cancan Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands; Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands; Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands; Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA the Netherlands; Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn53115 Germany
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40
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van den Broek T, Oleinika K, Rahmayanti S, Castrillon C, van der Poel CE, Carroll MC. Invasion of spontaneous germinal centers by naive B cells is rapid and persistent. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi8150. [PMID: 38517953 PMCID: PMC11152582 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi8150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In autoreactive germinal centers (GC) initiated by a single rogue B cell clone, wild-type B cells expand and give rise to clones that target other autoantigens, known as epitope spreading. The chronic, progressive nature of epitope spreading calls for early interventions to limit autoimmune pathologies, but the kinetics and molecular requirements for wild-type B cell invasion and participation in GC remain largely unknown. With parabiosis and adoptive transfer approaches in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus, we demonstrate that wild-type B cells join existing GCs rapidly, clonally expand, persist, and contribute to autoantibody production and diversification. The invasion of autoreactive GCs by wild-type B cells required TLR7, B cell receptor specificity, antigen presentation, and type I interferon signaling. The adoptive transfer model provides a tool for identifying early events in the breaking of B cell tolerance in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo van den Broek
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristine Oleinika
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siti Rahmayanti
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos Castrillon
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cees E van der Poel
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael C Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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41
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Blanton LV, San Roman AK, Wood G, Buscetta A, Banks N, Skaletsky H, Godfrey AK, Pham TT, Hughes JF, Brown LG, Kruszka P, Lin AE, Kastner DL, Muenke M, Page DC. Stable and robust Xi and Y transcriptomes drive cell-type-specific autosomal and Xa responses in vivo and in vitro in four human cell types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585578. [PMID: 38562807 PMCID: PMC10983990 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent in vitro studies of human sex chromosome aneuploidy showed that the Xi ("inactive" X) and Y chromosomes broadly modulate autosomal and Xa ("active" X) gene expression in two cell types. We tested these findings in vivo in two additional cell types. Using linear modeling in CD4+ T cells and monocytes from individuals with one to three X chromosomes and zero to two Y chromosomes, we identified 82 sex-chromosomal and 344 autosomal genes whose expression changed significantly with Xi and/or Y dosage in vivo . Changes in sex-chromosomal expression were remarkably constant in vivo and in vitro across all four cell types examined. In contrast, autosomal responses to Xi and/or Y dosage were largely cell-type-specific, with up to 2.6-fold more variation than sex-chromosomal responses. Targets of the X- and Y-encoded transcription factors ZFX and ZFY accounted for a significant fraction of these autosomal responses both in vivo and in vitro . We conclude that the human Xi and Y transcriptomes are surprisingly robust and stable across the four cell types examined, yet they modulate autosomal and Xa genes - and cell function - in a cell-type-specific fashion. These emerging principles offer a foundation for exploring the wide-ranging regulatory roles of the sex chromosomes across the human body.
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42
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Amato-Menker CJ, Hopen Q, Pettit A, Gandhi J, Hu G, Schafer R, Franko J. XX sex chromosome complement modulates immune responses to heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization in a microbiome-dependent manner. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:21. [PMID: 38486287 PMCID: PMC10938708 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in male vs. female immune responses are well-documented and have significant clinical implications. While the immunomodulatory effects of sex hormones are well established, the contributions of sex chromosome complement (XX vs. XY) and gut microbiome diversity on immune sexual dimorphisms have only recently become appreciated. Here we investigate the individual and collaborative influences of sex chromosome complements and gut microbiota on humoral immune activation. METHODS Male and female Four Core Genotype (FCG) mice were immunized with heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae (HKSP). Humoral immune responses were assessed, and X-linked immune-related gene expression was evaluated to explain the identified XX-dependent phenotype. The functional role of Kdm6a, an X-linked epigenetic regulatory gene of interest, was evaluated ex vivo using mitogen stimulation of B cells. Additional influences of the gut microbiome on sex chromosome-dependent B cell activation was also evaluated by antibiotically depleting gut microbiota prior to HKSP immunization. Reconstitution of the depleted microbiome with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria tested the impact of SCFAs on XX-dependent immune activation. RESULTS XX mice exhibited higher HKSP-specific IgM-secreting B cells and plasma cell frequencies than XY mice, regardless of gonadal sex. Although Kdm6a was identified as an X-linked gene overexpressed in XX B cells, inhibition of its enzymatic activity did not affect mitogen-induced plasma cell differentiation or antibody production in a sex chromosome-dependent manner ex vivo. Enhanced humoral responses in XX vs. XY immunized FCG mice were eliminated after microbiome depletion, indicating that the microbiome contributes to the identified XX-dependent immune enhancement. Reconstituting microbiota-depleted mice with select SCFA-producing bacteria enhanced fecal SCFA concentrations and increased humoral responses in XX, but not XY, FCG mice. However, exposure to the SCFA propionate alone did not enhance mitogenic B cell stimulation in ex vivo studies. CONCLUSIONS FCG mice have been used to assess sex hormone and sex chromosome complement influences on various sexually dimorphic traits. The current study indicates that the gut microbiome impacts humoral responses in an XX-dependent manner, suggesting that the collaborative influence of gut bacteria and other sex-specific factors should be considered when interpreting data aimed at delineating the mechanisms that promote sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Amato-Menker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Research, West Virginia University School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Quinn Hopen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Research, West Virginia University School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Andrea Pettit
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jasleen Gandhi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rosana Schafer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jennifer Franko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Department of Research, West Virginia University School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Hauth A, Panten J, Kneuss E, Picard C, Servant N, Rall I, Pérez-Rico YA, Clerquin L, Servaas N, Villacorta L, Jung F, Luong C, Chang HY, Zaugg JB, Stegle O, Odom DT, Loda A, Heard E. Escape from X inactivation is directly modulated by levels of Xist non-coding RNA. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.22.581559. [PMID: 38559194 PMCID: PMC10979913 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.22.581559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In placental females, one copy of the two X chromosomes is largely silenced during a narrow developmental time window, in a process mediated by the non-coding RNA Xist1. Here, we demonstrate that Xist can initiate X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) well beyond early embryogenesis. By modifying its endogenous level, we show that Xist has the capacity to actively silence genes that escape XCI both in neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) and in vivo, in mouse embryos. We also show that Xist plays a direct role in eliminating TAD-like structures associated with clusters of escapee genes on the inactive X chromosome, and that this is dependent on Xist's XCI initiation partner, SPEN2. We further demonstrate that Xist's function in suppressing gene expression of escapees and topological domain formation is reversible for up to seven days post-induction, but that sustained Xist up-regulation leads to progressively irreversible silencing and CpG island DNA methylation of facultative escapees. Thus, the distinctive transcriptional and regulatory topologies of the silenced X chromosome is actively, directly - and reversibly - controlled by Xist RNA throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Hauth
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Directors' Research, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Jasper Panten
- Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emma Kneuss
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Directors' Research, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Picard
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Directors' Research, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Present address: Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Servant
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, INSERM U900, Paris 75005, France
| | - Isabell Rall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Directors' Research, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Present address: Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yuvia A Pérez-Rico
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Directors' Research, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Clerquin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Directors' Research, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nila Servaas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Villacorta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genomics Core Facility, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferris Jung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genomics Core Facility, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christy Luong
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Judith B Zaugg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Duncan T Odom
- Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agnese Loda
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Directors' Research, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edith Heard
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Directors' Research, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
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Tangtanatakul P, Lei Y, Jaiwan K, Yang W, Boonbangyang M, Kunhapan P, Sodsai P, Mahasirimongkol S, Pisitkun P, Yang Y, Eu-Ahsunthornwattana J, Aekplakorn W, Jinawath N, Neelapaichit N, Hirankarn N, Wang YF. Association of genetic variation on X chromosome with systemic lupus erythematosus in both Thai and Chinese populations. Lupus Sci Med 2024; 11:e001061. [PMID: 38458775 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES X chromosome has been considered as a risk factor for SLE, which is a prototype of autoimmune diseases with a significant sex difference (female:male ratio is around 9:1). Our study aimed at exploring the association of genetic variants in X chromosome and investigating the influence of trisomy X in the development of SLE. METHODS X chromosome-wide association studies were conducted using data from both Thai (835 patients with SLE and 2995 controls) and Chinese populations (1604 patients with SLE and 3324 controls). Association analyses were performed separately in females and males, followed by a meta-analysis of the sex-specific results. In addition, the dosage of X chromosome in females with SLE were also examined. RESULTS Our analyses replicated the association of TMEM187-IRAK1-MECP2, TLR7, PRPS2 and GPR173 loci with SLE. We also identified two loci suggestively associated with SLE. In addition, making use of the difference in linkage disequilibrium between Thai and Chinese populations, a synonymous variant in TMEM187 was prioritised as a likely causal variant. This variant located in an active enhancer of immune-related cells, with the risk allele associated with decreased expression level of TMEM187. More importantly, we identified trisomy X (47,XXX) in 5 of 2231 (0.22%) females with SLE. The frequency is significantly higher than that found in the female controls (0.08%; two-sided exact binomial test P=0.002). CONCLUSION Our study confirmed previous SLE associations in X chromosome, and identified two loci suggestively associated with SLE. More importantly, our study indicated a higher risk of SLE for females with trisomy X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarin Tangtanatakul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre of Excellent in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yao Lei
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Krisana Jaiwan
- Master of Sciences Program in Molecular Science of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanling Yang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Manon Boonbangyang
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Punna Kunhapan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Centre of Excellent in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Prapaporn Pisitkun
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jakris Eu-Ahsunthornwattana
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wichai Aekplakorn
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Nareemarn Neelapaichit
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Centre of Excellent in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Zhang F, Zhou P, Wang L, Liao X, Liu X, Ke C, Wen S, Shu Y. Polymorphisms of IFN signaling genes and FOXP4 influence the severity of COVID-19. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:270. [PMID: 38429664 PMCID: PMC10905836 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic, mild to moderate, severe, and critical disease. Host genetic variants were recognized to affect the disease severity. However, the genetic landscape differs among various populations. Therefore, we explored the variants associated with COVID-19 severity in the Guangdong population. METHODS A total of 314 subjects were selected, of which the severe and critical COVID-19 patients were defined as "cases", and the mild and moderate patients were defined as "control". Twenty-two variants in interferon-related genes and FOXP4 were genotyped using the MassARRAY technology platform. RESULTS IFN signaling gene MX1 rs17000900 CA + AA genotype was correlated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 in males (P = 0.001, OR = 0.050, 95%CI = 0.008-0.316). The AT haplotype comprised of MX1 rs17000900 and rs2071430 was more likely to protect against COVID-19 severity (P = 6.3E-03). FOXP4 rs1886814 CC genotype (P = 0.001, OR = 3.747, 95%CI = 1.746-8.043) and rs2894439 GA + AA genotype (P = 0.001, OR = 5.703, 95% CI = 2.045-15.903) were correlated with increased risk of severe COVID-19. Haplotype CA comprised of rs1886814 and rs2894439 was found to be correlated with adverse outcomes (P = 7.0E-04). FOXP4 rs1886814 CC (P = 0.0004) and rs2894439 GA + AA carriers had higher neutralizing antibody titers (P = 0.0018). The CA + AA genotype of MX1 rs17000900 tended to be correlated with lower neutralizing antibody titers than CC genotype (P = 0.0663), but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our study found a possible association between MX1 and FOXP4 polymorphisms and the severity of COVID-19. Distinguishing high-risk patients who develop severe COVID-19 will provide clues for early intervention and individual treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhong Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Xuejie Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Simin Wen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102629, P. R. China.
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46
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Seidel MG, Hauck F. Multilayer concept of autoimmune mechanisms and manifestations in inborn errors of immunity: Relevance for precision therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:615-628.e4. [PMID: 38185417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmunity in inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) has a multifactorial pathogenesis and develops subsequent to a genetic predisposition in conjunction with gene regulation, environmental modifiers, and infectious triggers. On the basis of incremental data availability owing to upfront application of omics technologies, a more granular and dynamic view of mechanisms and manifestations is warranted. Here, we present a comprehensive novel concept of autoimmunity in IEIs that considers multiple layers of interdependent elements and connects 101 causative genes or deletions according to the quality of the allelic variants with 47 molecular pathways and 22 immune effector mechanisms. Furthermore, we list 50 resulting manifestations together with the corresponding Human Phenotype Ontology terms and review the types and frequencies of the most relevant clinical presentations. When all of its elements are taken together, this concept (1) extends the historical anatomic view of central versus peripheral tolerance toward multiple interdependent mechanisms of immune tolerance, (2) delineates the mechanisms underlying the protean clinical manifestations, and thereby, (3) points toward the most suitable precision therapy for autoimmunity in IEIs. The multilayer concept of autoimmune mechanisms and manifestations in IEIs will facilitate research design and provide clinical guidance on the use of precision medicine irrespective of the data depth available in each health care scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus G Seidel
- Research Unit for Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
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Sampson OL, Jay C, Adland E, Csala A, Lim N, Ebbrecht SM, Gilligan LC, Taylor AE, George SS, Longet S, Jones LC, Barnes E, Frater J, Klenerman P, Dunachie S, Carrol M, Hawley J, Arlt W, Groll A, Goulder P. Gonadal androgens are associated with decreased type I interferon production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and increased IgG titres to BNT162b2 following co-vaccination with live attenuated influenza vaccine in adolescents. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1329805. [PMID: 38481993 PMCID: PMC10933029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1329805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccine technologies introduced following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have highlighted the need to better understand the interaction of adjuvants and the early innate immune response. Type I interferon (IFN-I) is an integral part of this early innate response that primes several components of the adaptive immune response. Women are widely reported to respond better than men to tri- and quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the primary cell type responsible for IFN-I production, and female pDCs produce more IFN-I than male pDCs since the upstream pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is encoded by X chromosome and is biallelically expressed by up to 30% of female immune cells. Additionally, the TLR7 promoter contains several putative androgen response elements, and androgens have been reported to suppress pDC IFN-I in vitro. Unexpectedly, therefore, we recently observed that male adolescents mount stronger antibody responses to the Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine than female adolescents after controlling for natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. We here examined pDC behaviour in this same cohort to determine the impact of IFN-I on anti-spike and anti-receptor-binding domain IgG titres to BNT162b2. Through flow cytometry and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) modelling, we determined that serum-free testosterone was associated with reduced pDC IFN-I, but contrary to the well-described immunosuppressive role for androgens, the most bioactive androgen dihydrotestosterone was associated with increased IgG titres to BNT162b2. Also unexpectedly, we observed that co-vaccination with live attenuated influenza vaccine boosted the magnitude of IgG responses to BNT162b2. Together, these data support a model where systemic IFN-I increases vaccine-mediated immune responses, yet for vaccines with intracellular stages, modulation of the local IFN-I response may alter antigen longevity and consequently improve vaccine-driven immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver L. Sampson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Jay
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Adland
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Csala
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Lim
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stella M. Ebbrecht
- Department of Statistics, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lorna C. Gilligan
- Steroid Metabolome Analysis Core, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Angela E. Taylor
- Steroid Metabolome Analysis Core, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sherley Sherafin George
- Biochemistry Department, Clinical Science Building, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Longet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy C. Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susie Dunachie
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miles Carrol
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Hawley
- Biochemistry Department, Clinical Science Building, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Steroid Metabolome Analysis Core, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences (MRC LMS), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Groll
- Department of Statistics, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philip Goulder
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Krause C, Bergmann E, Schmidt SV. Epigenetic modulation of myeloid cell functions in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:342. [PMID: 38400997 PMCID: PMC10894183 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid cells play a vital role in innate immune responses as they recognize and phagocytose pathogens like viruses, present antigens, produce cytokines, recruit other immune cells to combat infections, and contribute to the attenuation of immune responses to restore homeostasis. Signal integration by pathogen recognition receptors enables myeloid cells to adapt their functions by a network of transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. This review provides a brief overview of the subtypes of myeloid cells and the main epigenetic regulation mechanisms. Special focus is placed on the epigenomic alterations in viral nucleic acids of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 along with the epigenetic changes in the host's myeloid cell compartment. These changes are important as they lead to immune suppression and promote the progression of the disease. Finally, we highlight some promising examples of 'epidrugs' that modulate the epigenome of immune cells and could be used as therapeutics for viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Krause
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Eva Bergmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Viktoria Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Punnanitinont A, Kasperek EM, Zhu C, Yu G, Miecznikowski JC, Kramer JM. TLR7 activation of age-associated B cells mediates disease in a mouse model of primary Sjögren's disease. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:497-510. [PMID: 37930711 PMCID: PMC10990110 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's disease (pSD) (also referred to as Sjögren's syndrome) is an autoimmune disease that primarily occurs in women. In addition to exocrine gland dysfunction, pSD patients exhibit B cell hyperactivity. B cell-intrinsic TLR7 activation is integral to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease that shares similarities with pSD. The role of TLR7-mediated B cell activation in pSD, however, remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that age-associated B cells (ABCs) were expanded in pSD and that TLR7-stimulated ABCs exhibited pathogenic features characteristic of disease. Our data revealed that ABC expansion and TLR7 expression were enhanced in a pSD mouse model in a Myd88-dependent manner. Splenocytes from pSD mice showed enhanced sensitivity to TLR7 agonism as compared with those derived from control animals. Sort-purified marginal zone B cells and ABCs from pSD mice showed enhanced inflammatory cytokine secretion and were enriched for antinuclear autoantibodies following TLR7 agonism. Finally, IgG from pSD patient sera showed elevated antinuclear autoantibodies, many of which were secreted preferentially by TLR7-stimulated murine marginal zone B cells and ABCs. These data indicate that pSD B cells are hyperresponsive to TLR7 agonism and that TLR7-activated B cells contribute to pSD through cytokine and autoantibody production. Thus, therapeutics that target TLR7 signaling cascades in B cells may have utility in pSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achamaporn Punnanitinont
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Eileen M. Kasperek
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Microarray & Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Miecznikowski
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Jill M. Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
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Uppala R, Sarkar MK, Young KZ, Ma F, Vemulapalli P, Wasikowski R, Plazyo O, Swindell WR, Maverakis E, Gharaee-Kermani M, Billi AC, Tsoi LC, Kahlenberg JM, Gudjonsson JE. HERC6 regulates STING activity in a sex-biased manner through modulation of LATS2/VGLL3 Hippo signaling. iScience 2024; 27:108986. [PMID: 38327798 PMCID: PMC10847730 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) activity exhibits a gender bias in human skin, skewed toward females. We show that HERC6, an IFN-induced E3 ubiquitin ligase, is induced in human keratinocytes through the epidermal type I IFN; IFN-κ. HERC6 knockdown in human keratinocytes results in enhanced induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) upon treatment with a double-stranded (ds) DNA STING activator cGAMP but not in response to the RNA-sensing TLR3 agonist. Keratinocytes lacking HERC6 exhibit sustained STING-TBK1 signaling following cGAMP stimulation through modulation of LATS2 and TBK1 activity, unmasking more robust ISG responses in female keratinocytes. This enhanced female-biased immune response with loss of HERC6 depends on VGLL3, a regulator of type I IFN signature. These data identify HERC6 as a previously unrecognized negative regulator of ISG expression specific to dsDNA sensing and establish it as a regulator of female-biased immune responses through modulation of STING signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjitha Uppala
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mrinal K. Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kelly Z. Young
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Rachael Wasikowski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William R. Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mehrnaz Gharaee-Kermani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allison C. Billi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johann E. Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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