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Trivedi S, Deering-Rice CE, Aamodt SE, Huecksteadt TP, Myers EJ, Sanders KA, Paine R, Warren KJ. Progesterone amplifies allergic inflammation and airway pathology in association with higher lung ILC2 responses. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L65-L78. [PMID: 38651968 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00207.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Perimenstrual worsening of asthma occurs in up to 40% of women with asthma, leading to increased acute exacerbations requiring clinical care. The role of sex hormones during these times remains unclear. In the current study, we used a translational approach to determine whether progesterone exacerbates allergic inflammation in the traditional chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA) model in BALB/c mice. Simultaneously, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy human donors to assess the effects of progesterone on circulating group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Briefly, lungs of ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated female (F-Sham) controls were implanted with a progesterone (P4, 25 mg) (OVX-P4) or placebo pellet (OVX-Placebo), followed by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). Progesterone increased total inflammatory histologic scores, increased hyper-responsiveness to methacholine (MCh), increased select chemokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum, and increased ILC2 and neutrophil numbers, along the airways compared with F-Sham-OVA and OVX-Placebo-OVA animals. Lung ILC2 were sorted from F-Sham-OVA, OVX-Placebo-OVA and OVX-P4-OVA treated animals and stimulated with IL-33. OVX-P4-OVA lung ILC2 were more responsive to interleukin 33 (IL-33) compared with F-Sham-OVA treated, producing more IL-13 and chemokines following IL-33 stimulation. We confirmed the expression of the progesterone receptor (PR) on human ILC2, and showed that P4 + IL-33 stimulation also increased IL-13 and chemokine production from human ILC2. We establish that murine ILC2 are capable of responding to P4 and thereby contribute to allergic inflammation in the lung. We confirmed that human ILC2 are also hyper-responsive to P4 and IL-33 and likely contribute to airway exacerbations following allergen exposures in asthmatic women with increased symptoms around the time of menstruation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY There is a strong association between female biological sex and severe asthma. We investigated the allergic immune response, lung pathology, and airway mechanics in the well-described chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA) model with steady levels of progesterone delivered throughout the treatment period. We found that progesterone enhances the activation of mouse group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Human ILC2 are also hyper-responsive to progesterone and interleukin 33 (IL-33), and likely contribute to airway exacerbations following allergen exposures in women with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Samuel E Aamodt
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Thomas P Huecksteadt
- George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Myers
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Karl A Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Kristi J Warren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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2
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Elizalde-Velázquez LE, Schlosser-Brandenburg J, Laubschat A, Oser L, Kundik A, Adjah J, Groenhagen S, Kühl AA, Rausch S, Hartmann S. Th2-biased immune responses to body migrating Ascaris larvae in primary infection are associated with pathology but not protection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14919. [PMID: 38942904 PMCID: PMC11213949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections lead to an overdispersion of the parasites in humans as well as in animals. We asked whether early immune responses against migrating Ascaris larvae are responsible for the unequal distribution of worms in natural host populations and thus investigated a susceptible versus a resistant mouse strain. In mice, the roundworm larvae develop until the lung stage and thus early anti-Ascaris immune responses against the migrating larvae in the liver and lung can be deciphered. Our data show that susceptible C57BL/6 mice respond to Ascaris larval migration significantly stronger compared to resistant CBA mice and the anti-parasite reactivity is associated with pathology. Increased eosinophil recruitment was detected in the liver and lungs, but also in the spleen and peritoneal cavity of susceptible mice on day 8 post infection compared to resistant mice. In serum, eosinophil peroxidase levels were significantly higher only in the susceptible mice, indicating functional activity of the recruited eosinophils. This effect was associated with an increased IL-5/IL-13 production by innate lymphoid cells and CD4+ T cells and a pronounced type 2 macrophage polarization in the lungs of susceptible mice. Furthermore, a comparison of wildtype BALB/c and eosinophil-deficient dblGATA-1 BALB/c mice showed that eosinophils were not essential for the early control of migrating Ascaris larvae. In conclusion, in primary infection, a strong local and systemic type 2 immune response during hepato-tracheal helminth larval migration is associated with pathology rather than protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Elizalde-Velázquez
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Schlosser-Brandenburg
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Laubschat
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Larissa Oser
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arkadi Kundik
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joshua Adjah
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Groenhagen
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, iPATH.Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rausch
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Lv Y, Ma X, Liu Q, Long Z, Li S, Tan Z, Wang D, Xing X, Chen L, Chen W, Wang Q, Wei Q, Hou M, Xiao Y. c-Jun targets miR-451a to regulate HQ-induced inhibition of erythroid differentiation via the BATF/SETD5/ARHGEF3 axis. Toxicology 2024; 505:153843. [PMID: 38801936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Benzene, a widely used industrial chemical, has been clarified to cause hematotoxicity. Our previous study suggested that miR-451a may play a role in benzene-induced impairment of erythroid differentiation. However, the mechanism underlying remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of miR-451a and its underlying mechanisms in hydroquinone (HQ)-induced suppression of erythroid differentiation in K562 cells. 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 50 μM HQ treatment of K562 cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of erythroid differentiation, as well as the expression of miR-451a. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict potential target genes of miR-451a and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-451a can directly bind to the 3'-UTR regions of BATF, SETD5, and ARHGEF3 mRNAs. We further demonstrated that over-expression or down-regulation of miR-451a altered the expression of BATF, SETD5, and ARHGEF3, and also modified erythroid differentiation. In addition, BATF, SETD5, and ARHGEF3 were verified to play a role in HQ-induced inhibition of erythroid differentiation in this study. Knockdown of SETD5 and ARHGEF3 reversed HQ-induced suppression of erythroid differentiation while knockdown of BATF had the opposite effect. On the other hand, we also identified c-Jun as a potential transcriptional regulator of miR-451a. Forced expression of c-Jun increased miR-451a expression and reversed the inhibition of erythroid differentiation induced by HQ, whereas knockdown of c-Jun had the opposite effect. And the binding site of c-Jun and miR-451a was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Collectively, our findings indicate that miR-451a and its downstream targets BATF, SETD5, and ARHGEF3 are involved in HQ-induced erythroid differentiation disorder, and c-Jun regulates miR-451a as a transcriptional regulator in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Lv
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoju Ma
- Department of Hospital Acquired Infection Control and Public Health Management, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 517108, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zihao Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuangqi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhaoqing Tan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengjun Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Ito T, Ishida Y, Zhang Y, Guichard V, Zhang W, Han R, Guckian K, Chun J, Que J, Smith A, Urban JF, Huang Y. ILC2s navigate tissue redistribution during infection using stage-specific S1P receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.12.592576. [PMID: 38798480 PMCID: PMC11118432 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.12.592576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Lymphocytes can circulate as well as take residence within tissues. While the mechanisms by which circulating populations are recruited to infection sites have been extensively characterized, the molecular basis for the recirculation of tissue-resident cells is less understood. Here, we show that helminth infection- or IL-25-induced redistribution of intestinal group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) requires access to the lymphatic vessel network. Although the secondary lymphoid structure is an essential signal hub for adaptive lymphocyte differentiation and dispatch, it is redundant for ILC2 migration and effector function. Upon IL-25 stimulation, a dramatic change in epigenetic landscape occurs in intestinal ILC2s, leading to the expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs). Among the various S1PRs, we found that S1PR5 is critical for ILC2 exit from intestinal tissue to lymph. By contrast, S1PR1 plays a dominant role in ILC2 egress from mesenteric lymph nodes to blood circulation and then to distal tissues including the lung where the redistributed ILC2s contribute to tissue repair. The requirement of two S1PRs for ILC2 migration is largely due to the dynamic expression of the tissue-retention marker CD69, which mediates S1PR1 internalization. Thus, our study demonstrates a stage-specific requirement of different S1P receptors for ILC2 redistribution during infection. We therefore propose a fundamental paradigm that innate and adaptive lymphocytes utilize a shared vascular network frame and specialized navigation cues for migration.
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5
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Zaiss DMW, Pearce EJ, Artis D, McKenzie ANJ, Klose CSN. Cooperation of ILC2s and T H2 cells in the expulsion of intestinal helminth parasites. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:294-302. [PMID: 37798539 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses form a critical defence against enteric worm infections. In recent years, mouse models have revealed shared and unique functions for group 2 innate lymphoid cells and T helper 2 cells in type 2 immune response to intestinal helminths. Both cell types use similar innate effector functions at the site of infection, whereas each population has distinct roles during different stages of infection. In this Perspective, we review the underlying mechanisms used by group 2 innate lymphoid cells and T helper 2 cells to cooperate with each other and suggest an overarching model of the interplay between these cell types over the course of a helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar M W Zaiss
- Department of Immune Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christoph S N Klose
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Hu X, Cao D, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Zeng J, Hong WX. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals immune cell heterogeneity in acute myeloid leukaemia peripheral blood mononuclear cells after chemotherapy. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:97-112. [PMID: 37615858 PMCID: PMC10899424 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by the rapid clonal expansion of abnormally differentiated myeloid progenitor cells residing in a complex microenvironment. However, the immune cell types, status, and genome profile of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) microenvironment in AML patients after chemotherapy are poorly understood. In order to explore the immune microenvironment of AML patients after chemotherapy, we conducted this study for providing insights into precision medicine and immunotherapy of AML. METHODS In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyse the PBMC microenvironment from five AML patients treated with different chemotherapy regimens and six healthy donors. We compared the cell compositions in AML patients and healthy donors, and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), CellPhoneDB, and copy number variation (CNV) analysis. RESULTS Using scRNA-seq technology, 91,772 high quality cells of 44,950 PBMCs from AML patients and 46,822 PBMCs from healthy donors were classified as 14 major cell clusters. Our study revealed the sub-cluster diversity of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and haematopoietic stem cell progenitors (HSC-Prog) in AML patients under chemotherapy. NK cells and monocyte-DCs showed significant changes in transcription factor expression and chromosome copy number variation (CNV). We also observed significant heterogeneity in CNV and intercellular interaction networks in HSC-Prog cells. CONCLUSION Our results elucidated the PBMC single-cell landscape and provided insights into precision medicine and immunotherapy for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiao Hu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Dermatology, Shenzhen, China.
- Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, the Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenru Zhou
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Dermatology, Shenzhen, China
- Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Dermatology, Shenzhen, China
- Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jieying Zeng
- Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Xu Hong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Dermatology, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Xu G(B, Pan YX, Mei W, Chen H. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) Identifies L1CAM as a Key Mediator between Epithelial Tuft Cell and Innate Lymphoid Cell in the Colon of Hnrnp I Knockout Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2734. [PMID: 37893107 PMCID: PMC10604312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Knockout (KO) of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I (Hnrnp I) in mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) induced a severe inflammatory response in the colon, followed by hyperproliferation. This study aimed to investigate the epithelial lineage dynamics and cell-cell communications that underlie inflammation and colitis. (2) Methods: Single cells were isolated from the colons of wildtype (WT) and KO mice and used in scRNA-seq. Whole colons were collected for immunofluorescence staining and cytokine assays. (3) Results: from scRNA-seq, the number of DCLK1 + colonic tuft cells was significantly higher in the Hnrnp I KO mice compared to the WT mice. This was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining of DCLK1. The DCLK1 + colonic tuft cells in KO mice developed unique communications with lymphocytes via interactions between surface L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) and integrins. In the KO mice colons, a significantly elevated level of inflammatory cytokines IL4, IL6, and IL13 were observed, which marks type-2 immune responses directed by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates one critical cellular function of colonic tuft cells, which facilitates type-2 immune responses by communicating with ILC2s via the L1CAM-integrins interaction. This communication promotes pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in ILC2, leading to the increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanying (Bianca) Xu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (G.X.); (Y.-X.P.)
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (G.X.); (Y.-X.P.)
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wenyan Mei
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (G.X.); (Y.-X.P.)
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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8
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Cui W, Nagano Y, Morita S, Tanoue T, Yamane H, Ishikawa K, Sato T, Kubo M, Hori S, Taniguchi T, Hatakeyama M, Atarashi K, Honda K. Diet-mediated constitutive induction of novel IL-4+ ILC2 cells maintains intestinal homeostasis in mice. J Exp Med 2023; 220:214103. [PMID: 37163450 PMCID: PMC10174189 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) expressing IL-5 and IL-13 are localized at various mucosal tissues and play critical roles in the induction of type 2 inflammation, response to helminth infection, and tissue repair. Here, we reveal a unique ILC2 subset in the mouse intestine that constitutively expresses IL-4 together with GATA3, ST2, KLRG1, IL-17RB, and IL-5. In this subset, IL-4 expression is regulated by mechanisms similar to but distinct from those observed in T cells and is partly affected by IL-25 signaling. Although the absence of the microbiota had marginal effects, feeding mice with a vitamin B1-deficient diet compromised the number of intestinal IL-4+ ILC2s. The decrease in the number of IL-4+ ILC2s caused by the vitamin B1 deficiency was accompanied by a reduction in IL-25-producing tuft cells. Our findings reveal that dietary vitamin B1 plays a critical role in maintaining interaction between tuft cells and IL-4+ ILC2s, a previously uncharacterized immune cell population that may contribute to maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuji Nagano
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS) , Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Morita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanoue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Yamane
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keiko Ishikawa
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS) , Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Shohei Hori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
- Center of infection-associated cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Atarashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS) , Yokohama, Japan
- Human Biology-Microbiome-Quantum Research Center (WPI-Bio2Q), Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS) , Yokohama, Japan
- Human Biology-Microbiome-Quantum Research Center (WPI-Bio2Q), Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Ferreira ACF, Szeto ACH, Clark PA, Crisp A, Kozik P, Jolin HE, McKenzie ANJ. Neuroprotective protein ADNP-dependent histone remodeling complex promotes T helper 2 immune cell differentiation. Immunity 2023; 56:1468-1484.e7. [PMID: 37285842 PMCID: PMC10501989 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses are critical in tissue homeostasis, anti-helminth immunity, and allergy. T helper 2 (Th2) cells produce interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 from the type 2 gene cluster under regulation by transcription factors (TFs) including GATA3. To better understand transcriptional regulation of Th2 cell differentiation, we performed CRISPR-Cas9 screens targeting 1,131 TFs. We discovered that activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox protein (ADNP) was indispensable for immune reactions to allergen. Mechanistically, ADNP performed a previously unappreciated role in gene activation, forming a critical bridge in the transition from pioneer TFs to chromatin remodeling by recruiting the helicase CHD4 and ATPase BRG1. Although GATA3 and AP-1 bound the type 2 cytokine locus in the absence of ADNP, they were unable to initiate histone acetylation or DNA accessibility, resulting in highly impaired type 2 cytokine expression. Our results demonstrate an important role for ADNP in promoting immune cell specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula A Clark
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alastair Crisp
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Patrycja Kozik
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Helen E Jolin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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10
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Chetty A, Darby MG, Pillaye J, Taliep A, Cunningham AF, O’Shea MK, Katawa G, Layland LE, Ritter M, Horsnell WGC. Induction of Siglec-F hiCD101 hi eosinophils in the lungs following murine hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170807. [PMID: 37251384 PMCID: PMC10213982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth-induced eosinophils accumulate around the parasite at the site of infection, or in parasite-damaged tissues well after the helminth has left the site. The role of helminth-elicited eosinophils in mediating parasite control is complex. While they may contribute to direct parasite-killing and tissue repair, their involvement in long-term immunopathogenesis is a concern. In allergic Siglec-FhiCD101hi, eosinophils are associated with pathology. Research has not shown if equivalent subpopulations of eosinophils are a feature of helminth infection. In this study, we demonstrate that lung migration of rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) results in a long-term expansion of distinct Siglec-FhiCD101hi eosinophil subpopulations. Nb-elevated eosinophil populations in the bone marrow and circulation did not present this phenotype. Siglec-FhiCD101hi lung eosinophils exhibited an activated morphology including nuclei hyper-segmentation and cytoplasm degranulation. Recruitment of ST2+ ILC2s and not CD4+ T cells to the lungs was associated with the expansion of Siglec-FhiCD101hi eosinophils. This data identifies a morphologically distinct and persistent subset of Siglec-FhiCD101hi lung eosinophils induced following Nb infection. These eosinophils may contribute to long-term pathology following helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Chetty
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew G. Darby
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jamie Pillaye
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A'ishah Taliep
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adam F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. O’Shea
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gnatoulma Katawa
- Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires (LAMICODA), Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires, Universite de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Laura E. Layland
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, Partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - William G. C. Horsnell
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neuro-genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans, France
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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11
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Korchagina AA, Shein SA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Transcriptional control of ILC identity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146077. [PMID: 36969171 PMCID: PMC10033543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are heterogeneous innate immune cells which participate in host defense, mucosal repair and immunopathology by producing effector cytokines similarly to their adaptive immune cell counterparts. The development of ILC1, 2, and 3 subsets is controlled by core transcription factors: T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt, respectively. ILCs can undergo plasticity and transdifferentiate to other ILC subsets in response to invading pathogens and changes in local tissue environment. Accumulating evidence suggests that the plasticity and the maintenance of ILC identity is controlled by a balance between these and additional transcription factors such as STATs, Batf, Ikaros, Runx3, c-Maf, Bcl11b, and Zbtb46, activated in response to lineage-guiding cytokines. However, how interplay between these transcription factors leads to ILC plasticity and the maintenance of ILC identity remains hypothetical. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding transcriptional regulation of ILCs in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions.
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12
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Loos P, Baiwir J, Maquet C, Javaux J, Sandor R, Lallemand F, Marichal T, Machiels B, Gillet L. Dampening type 2 properties of group 2 innate lymphoid cells by a gammaherpesvirus infection reprograms alveolar macrophages. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabl9041. [PMID: 36827420 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl9041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunological dysregulation in asthma is associated with changes in exposure to microorganisms early in life. Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs), such as Epstein-Barr virus, are widespread human viruses that establish lifelong infection and profoundly shape host immunity. Using murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4), a mouse γHV, we show that after infection, lung-resident and recruited group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) exhibit a reduced ability to expand and produce type 2 cytokines in response to house dust mites, thereby contributing to protection against asthma. In contrast, MuHV-4 infection triggers GM-CSF production by those lung ILC2s, which orders the differentiation of monocytes (Mos) into alveolar macrophages (AMs) without promoting their type 2 functions. In the context of γHV infection, ILC2s are therefore essential cells within the pulmonary niche that imprint the tissue-specific identity of Mo-derived AMs and shape their function well beyond the initial acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Loos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Baiwir
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Céline Maquet
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Justine Javaux
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Rémy Sandor
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - François Lallemand
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Département de Physique Médicale, Service médical de radiothérapie, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Machiels
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gillet
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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13
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Korchagina AA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Innate Lymphoid Cell Plasticity in Mucosal Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:461. [PMID: 36838426 PMCID: PMC9967737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissue homeostasis is a dynamic process that involves multiple mechanisms including regulation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are mostly tissue-resident cells which are critical for tissue homeostasis and immune response against pathogens. ILCs can sense environmental changes and rapidly respond by producing effector cytokines to limit pathogen spread and initiate tissue recovery. However, dysregulation of ILCs can also lead to immunopathology. Accumulating evidence suggests that ILCs are dynamic population that can change their phenotype and functions under rapidly changing tissue microenvironment. However, the significance of ILC plasticity in response to pathogens remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms regulating ILC plasticity in response to intestinal, respiratory and genital tract pathogens. Key transcription factors and lineage-guiding cytokines regulate this plasticity. Additionally, we discuss the emerging data on the role of tissue microenvironment, gut microbiota, and hypoxia in ILC plasticity in response to mucosal pathogens. The identification of new pathways and molecular mechanisms that control functions and plasticity of ILCs could uncover more specific and effective therapeutic targets for infectious and autoimmune diseases where ILCs become dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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14
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Abou-El-Naga IF, Mogahed NMFH. Potential roles of Toxocara canis larval excretory secretory molecules in immunomodulation and immune evasion. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106784. [PMID: 36502886 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxocara canis larvae invade various tissues of different vertebrate species without developing into adults in paratenic host. The long-term survival of the larvae despite exposure to the well-armed immune response is a notable achievement. The larvae modulate the immune response to help the survival of both the host and the larvae. They skew the immune response to type 2/regulatory phenotype. The outstanding ability of the larvae to modulate the host immune response and to evade the immune arms is attributed to the secretion of Toxocara excretory-secretory products (TESPs). TESPs are complex mixture of differing molecules. The present review deals with the molecular composition of the TESPs, their interaction with the host molecules, their effect on the innate immune response, the receptor recognition, the downstream signals the adaptive immunity and the repair of tissues. This review also addresses the role of TESPs molecules in the immune evasion strategy and the potential effect of the induced immunomodulation in some diseases. Identification of parasite components that influence the nematode-host interactions could enhance understanding the molecular basis of nematode pathogenicity. Furthermore, the identification of helminths molecules with immunomodulatory potential could be used in immunotherapies for some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman F Abou-El-Naga
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 12 Abdel Hamid El Deeb Street, Tharwat, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nermine M F H Mogahed
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 12 Abdel Hamid El Deeb Street, Tharwat, Alexandria, Egypt
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15
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Chen J, Wang Y, Shen L, Xiu Y, Wang B. Could IL-25 be a potential therapeutic target for intestinal inflammatory diseases? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:43-50. [PMID: 35840510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the IL-17 cytokine family, IL-25 (also called IL-17E) induces and sustains type 2 immunity. IL-25, which is mainly produced by intestinal epithelial cells, has been gradually investigated in recent years for its function in intestinal inflammation but is not yet fully understood. This review summarizes the expression and function of IL-25 in the intestine, especially the progression of its regulatory role on type 2 immunity-related cells. Finally, we discuss the dual role of IL-25 based on inflammatory bowel disease to inform research on targeting IL-25 for the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingshu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanfeng Xiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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16
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Kotas ME, O'Leary CE, Locksley RM. Tuft Cells: Context- and Tissue-Specific Programming for a Conserved Cell Lineage. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:311-335. [PMID: 36351364 PMCID: PMC10443898 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuft cells are found in tissues with distinct stem cell compartments, tissue architecture, and luminal exposures but converge on a shared transcriptional program, including expression of taste transduction signaling pathways. Here, we summarize seminal and recent findings on tuft cells, focusing on major categories of function-instigation of type 2 cytokine responses, orchestration of antimicrobial responses, and emerging roles in tissue repair-and describe tuft cell-derived molecules used to affect these functional programs. We review what is known about the development of tuft cells from epithelial progenitors under homeostatic conditions and during disease. Finally, we discuss evidence that immature, or nascent, tuft cells with potential for diverse functions are driven toward dominant effector programs by tissue- or perturbation-specific contextual cues, which may result in heterogeneous mature tuft cell phenotypes both within and between tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya E Kotas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Claire E O'Leary
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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17
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Identification of two migratory colon ILC2 populations differentially expressing IL-17A and IL-5/IL-13. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:67-80. [PMID: 35881219 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play important tissue resident roles in anti-parasite immunity, allergic immune response, tissue homeostasis, and tumor immunity. ILC2s are considered tissue resident cells with little proliferation at steady state. Recent studies have shown that a subset of small intestinal ILC2s could leave their residing tissues, circulate and migrate to different organs, including lung, liver, mesenteric LN and spleen, upon activation. However, it remains unknown whether other ILC populations with migratory behavior exist. In this study, we find two major colon ILC2 populations with potential to migrate to the lung in response to IL-25 stimulation. One subset expresses IL-17A and resembles inflammatory ILC2s (iILC2s) but lacks CD27 expression, whereas the other expresses CD27 but not IL-17A. In addition, the IL-17A+ ILC2s express lower levels of CD127, CD25, and ST2 than CD27+ ILC2s, which express higher levels of IL-5 and IL-13. Surprisingly, we found that both colon ILC2 populations still maintained their colonic features of preferential expression of IL-17A and CD27, IL-5/IL-13, respectively. Together, our study identifies two migratory colon ILC2 subsets with unique surface markers and cytokine profiles which are critical in regulating lung and colon immunity and homeostasis.
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18
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Yin Z, Zhou Y, Turnquist HR, Liu Q. Neuro-epithelial-ILC2 crosstalk in barrier tissues. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:901-916. [PMID: 36253275 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to the maintenance of mammalian barrier tissue homeostasis. We review how ILC2s integrate epithelial signals and neurogenic components to preserve the tissue microenvironment and modulate inflammation. The epithelium that overlies barrier tissues, including the skin, lungs, and gut, generates epithelial cytokines that elicit ILC2 activation. Sympathetic, parasympathetic, sensory, and enteric fibers release neural signals to modulate ILC2 functions. We also highlight recent findings suggesting neuro-epithelial-ILC2 crosstalk and its implications in immunity, inflammation and resolution, tissue repair, and restoring homeostasis. We further discuss the pathogenic effects of disturbed ILC2-centered neuro-epithelial-immune cell interactions and putative areas for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Yawen Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China.
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19
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Kogame T, Egawa G, Nomura T, Kabashima K. Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957711. [PMID: 36268032 PMCID: PMC9578251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) harbor tissue-resident properties in border zones, such as the mucosal membranes and the skin. ILCs exert a wide range of biological functions, including inflammatory response, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and metabolism. Since its discovery, tremendous effort has been made to clarify the nature of ILCs, and scientific progress revealed that progenitor cells of ILC can produce ILC subsets that are functionally reminiscent of T-cell subsets such as Th1, Th2, and Th17. Thus, now it comes to the notion that ILC progenitors are considered an innate version of naïve T cells. Another important discovery was that ILC progenitors in the different tissues undergo different modes of differentiation pathways. Furthermore, during the embryonic phase, progenitor cells in different developmental chronologies give rise to the unique spectra of immune cells and cause a wave to replenish the immune cells in tissues. This observation leads to the concept of layered immunity, which explains the ontology of some cell populations, such as B-1a cells, γδ T cells, and tissue-resident macrophages. Thus, recent reports in ILC biology posed a possibility that the concept of layered immunity might disentangle the complexity of ILC heterogeneity. In this review, we compare ILC ontogeny in the bone marrow with those of embryonic tissues, such as the fetal liver and embryonic thymus, to disentangle ILC heterogeneity in light of layered immunity.
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20
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Ghilas S, O’Keefe R, Mielke LA, Raghu D, Buchert M, Ernst M. Crosstalk between epithelium, myeloid and innate lymphoid cells during gut homeostasis and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944982. [PMID: 36189323 PMCID: PMC9524271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium not only provides a physical barrier to separate a noxious outside from a sterile inside but also allows for highly regulated interactions between bacteria and their products, and components of the immune system. Homeostatic maintenance of an intact epithelial barrier is paramount to health, requiring an intricately regulated and highly adaptive response of various cells of the immune system. Prolonged homeostatic imbalance can result in chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis and inefficient antitumor immune control. Here we provide an update on the role of innate lymphoid cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, which collectively play a critical role in epithelial barrier maintenance and provide an important linkage between the classical innate and adaptive arm of the immune system. These interactions modify the capacity of the gut epithelium to undergo continuous renewal, safeguard against tumor formation and provide feedback to the gut microbiome, which acts as a seminal contributor to cellular homeostasis of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ghilas
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan O’Keefe
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Anna Mielke
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Dinesh Raghu
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Michael Buchert, ; Matthias Ernst,
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Michael Buchert, ; Matthias Ernst,
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21
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Liver group 2 innate lymphoid cells regulate blood glucose levels through IL-13 signaling and suppression of gluconeogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5408. [PMID: 36109558 PMCID: PMC9478157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver stores glycogen and releases glucose into the blood upon increased energy demand. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in adipose and pancreatic tissues are known for their involvement in glucose homeostasis, but the metabolic contribution of liver ILC2s has not been studied in detail. Here we show that liver ILC2s are directly involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels. Mechanistically, interleukin (IL)-33 treatment induces IL-13 production in liver ILC2s, while directly suppressing gluconeogenesis in a specific Hnf4a/G6pc-high primary hepatocyte cluster via Stat3. These hepatocytes significantly interact with liver ILC2s via IL-13/IL-13 receptor signaling. The results of transcriptional complex analysis and GATA3-ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and scRNA-seq trajectory analyses establish a positive regulatory role for the transcription factor GATA3 in IL-13 production by liver ILC2s, while AP-1 family members are shown to suppress IL-13 release. Thus, we identify a regulatory role and molecular mechanism by which liver ILC2s contribute to glucose homeostasis. Besides hepatocytes, resident immune cells of the liver are also contributing to the body’s energy homeostasis. Here authors show that group 2 innate lymphoid cells interact with a specific set of hepatocytes in suppressing gluconeogenesis and regulate blood glucose levels via Interleukin-13 signalling.
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22
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Wu X, Khatun A, Kasmani MY, Chen Y, Zheng S, Atkinson S, Nguyen C, Burns R, Taparowsky EJ, Salzman NH, Hand TW, Cui W. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells require BATF to regulate gut homeostasis in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213435. [PMID: 36048018 PMCID: PMC9440727 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are crucial for the maintenance of host-microbiota homeostasis in gastrointestinal mucosal tissues. The mechanisms that maintain lineage identity of intestinal ILC3s and ILC3-mediated orchestration of microbiota and mucosal T cell immunity are elusive. Here, we identified BATF as a gatekeeper of ILC3 homeostasis in the gut. Depletion of BATF in ILC3s resulted in excessive interferon-γ production, dysbiosis, aberrant T cell immune responses, and spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which was considerably ameliorated by the removal of adaptive immunity, interferon-γ blockade, or antibiotic treatment. Mechanistically, BATF directly binds to the cis-regulatory elements of type 1 effector genes, restrains their chromatin accessibility, and inhibits their expression. Conversely, BATF promotes chromatin accessibility of genes involved in MHCII antigen processing and presentation pathways, which in turn directly promotes the transition of precursor ILC3s to MHCII+ ILC3s. Collectively, our findings reveal that BATF is a key transcription factor for maintaining ILC3 stability and coordinating ILC3-mediated control of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Xiaopeng Wu:
| | - Achia Khatun
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Moujtaba Y. Kasmani
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Yao Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Shikan Zheng
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Samantha Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Elizabeth J. Taparowsky
- Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Nita H. Salzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Timothy W. Hand
- R.K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pediatrics Department, Infectious Disease Section, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Correspondence to Weiguo Cui:
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23
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Kabil A, Shin SB, Hughes MR, McNagny KM. “Just one word, plastic!”: Controversies and caveats in innate lymphoid cell plasticity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946905. [PMID: 36052086 PMCID: PMC9427196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are frontline immune effectors involved in the early stages of host defense and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, particularly at mucosal surfaces such as the intestine, lung, and skin. Canonical ILCs are described as tissue-resident cells that populate peripheral tissues early in life and respond appropriately based on environmental exposure and their anatomical niche and tissue microenvironment. Intriguingly, there are accumulating reports of ILC “plasticity” that note the existence of non-canonical ILCs that exhibit distinct patterns of master transcription factor expression and cytokine production profiles in response to tissue inflammation. Yet this concept of ILC-plasticity is controversial due to several confounding caveats that include, among others, the independent large-scale recruitment of new ILC subsets from distal sites and the local, in situ, differentiation of uncommitted resident precursors. Nevertheless, the ability of ILCs to acquire unique characteristics and adapt to local environmental cues is an attractive paradigm because it would enable the rapid adaptation of innate responses to a wider array of pathogens even in the absence of pre-existing ‘prototypical’ ILC responder subsets. Despite the impressive recent progress in understanding ILC biology, the true contribution of ILC plasticity to tissue homeostasis and disease and how it is regulated remains obscure. Here, we detail current methodologies used to study ILC plasticity in mice and review the mechanisms that drive and regulate functional ILC plasticity in response to polarizing signals in their microenvironment and different cytokine milieus. Finally, we discuss the physiological relevance of ILC plasticity and its implications for potential therapeutics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kabil
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel B. Shin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation (HLI), St Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kelly M. McNagny,
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24
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Pankow A, Sun XH. The divergence between T cell and innate lymphoid cell fates controlled by E and Id proteins. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960444. [PMID: 36032069 PMCID: PMC9399370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells develop in the thymus from lymphoid primed multipotent progenitors or common lymphoid progenitors into αβ and γδ subsets. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, E proteins, play pivotal roles at multiple stages from T cell commitment to maturation. Inhibitors of E proteins, Id2 and Id3, also regulate T cell development while promoting ILC differentiation. Recent findings suggest that the thymus can also produce innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). In this review, we present current findings that suggest the balance between E and Id proteins is likely to be critical for controlling the bifurcation of T cell and ILC fates at early stages of T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Pankow
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Hong Sun,
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25
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Jou E, Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Ferreira ACF, Jolin HE, Clark PA, Sawmynaden K, Ko M, Murphy JE, Mannion J, Ward C, Matthews DJ, Buczacki SJA, McKenzie ANJ. An innate IL-25-ILC2-MDSC axis creates a cancer-permissive microenvironment for Apc mutation-driven intestinal tumorigenesis. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn0175. [PMID: 35658010 PMCID: PMC7612821 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-25 (IL-25) and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) defend the host against intestinal helminth infection and are associated with inappropriate allergic reactions. IL-33-activated ILC2s were previously found to augment protective tissue-specific pancreatic cancer immunity. Here, we showed that intestinal IL-25-activated ILC2s created an innate cancer-permissive microenvironment. Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with higher tumor IL25 expression had reduced survival and increased IL-25R-expressing tumor-resident ILC2s and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) associated with impaired antitumor responses. Ablation of IL-25 signaling reduced tumors, virtually doubling life expectancy in an Apc mutation-driven model of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, IL-25 promoted intratumoral ILC2s, which sustained tumor-infiltrating MDSCs to suppress antitumor immunity. Therapeutic antibody-mediated blockade of IL-25 signaling decreased intratumoral ILC2s, MDSCs, and adenoma/adenocarcinoma while increasing antitumor adaptive T cell and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-mediated immunity. Thus, the roles of innate epithelium-derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 as well as ILC2s in cancer cannot be generalized. The protumoral nature of the IL-25-ILC2 axis in CRC highlights this pathway as a potential therapeutic target against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Helen E. Jolin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Paula A. Clark
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michelle Ko
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Jane E. Murphy
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Mannion
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Ward
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0AW United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon J. A. Buczacki
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0AW United Kingdom
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26
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Abstract
A principal purpose of type 2 immunity was thought to be defense against large parasites, but it also functions in the restoration of homeostasis, such as toxin clearance following snake bites. In other cases, like allergy, the type 2 T helper (Th2) cytokines and cells present in the environment are detrimental and cause diseases. In recent years, the recognition of cell heterogeneity within Th2-associated cell populations has revealed specific functions of cells with a particular phenotype or gene signature. In addition, here we discuss the recent data regarding heterogeneity of type 2 immunity-related cells, as well as their newly identified role in a variety of processes ranging from involvement in respiratory viral infections [especially in the context of the recent COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic] to control of cancer development or of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nincy Debeuf
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena Aegerter
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew S Brown
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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27
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Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Molofsky AB, Locksley RM. ILC2s - development, divergence, dispersal. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 75:102168. [PMID: 35176675 PMCID: PMC9131705 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, we have come to appreciate group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) as important players in host and tissue immunity. New studies of ILC2s and their precursors using novel reporter mice, advanced microscopy, and multi-omics approaches have expanded our knowledge on how these cells contribute to tissue physiology and function. This review highlights recent literature on this enigmatic cell, and we organize our discussion across three important paradigms in ILC2 biology: development, divergence, and dispersal. In addition, we frame our discussion in the context of other innate and adaptive immune cells to emphasize the relevance of expanding knowledge of ILC2s and tissue immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto R Ricardo-Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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28
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Abstract
More than a decade ago, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were discovered to be members of a family of innate immune cells consisting of five subsets that form a first line of defence against infections before the recruitment of adaptive immune cells. Initially, ILC2s were implicated in the early immune response to parasitic infections, but it is now clear that ILC2s are highly diverse and have crucial roles in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and repair. ILC2s can also regulate the functions of other type 2 immune cells, including T helper 2 cells, type 2 macrophages and eosinophils. Dysregulation of ILC2s contributes to type 2-mediated pathology in a wide variety of diseases, potentially making ILC2s attractive targets for therapeutic interventions. In this Review, we focus on the spectrum of ILC2 phenotypes that have been described across different tissues and disease states with an emphasis on human ILC2s. We discuss recent insights in ILC2 biology and suggest how this knowledge might be used for novel disease treatments and improved human health. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have diverse phenotypes across different tissues and disease states. Recent insights into ILC2 biology raise new possibilities for the improved treatment of cancer and of metabolic, infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Barshad G, Webb LM, Ting HA, Oyesola OO, Onyekwere OG, Lewis JJ, Rice EJ, Matheson MK, Sun XH, von Moltke J, Danko CG, Tait Wojno ED. E-Protein Inhibition in ILC2 Development Shapes the Function of Mature ILC2s during Allergic Airway Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1007-1020. [PMID: 35181641 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
E-protein transcription factors limit group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) development while promoting T cell differentiation from common lymphoid progenitors. Inhibitors of DNA binding (ID) proteins block E-protein DNA binding in common lymphoid progenitors to allow ILC2 development. However, whether E-proteins influence ILC2 function upon maturity and activation remains unclear. Mice that overexpress ID1 under control of the thymus-restricted proximal Lck promoter (ID1tg/WT) have a large pool of primarily thymus-derived ILC2s in the periphery that develop in the absence of E-protein activity. We used these mice to investigate how the absence of E-protein activity affects ILC2 function and the genomic landscape in response to house dust mite (HDM) allergens. ID1tg/WT mice had increased KLRG1- ILC2s in the lung compared with wild-type (WT; ID1WT/WT) mice in response to HDM, but ID1tg/WT ILC2s had an impaired capacity to produce type 2 cytokines. Analysis of WT ILC2 accessible chromatin suggested that AP-1 and C/EBP transcription factors but not E-proteins were associated with ILC2 inflammatory gene programs. Instead, E-protein binding sites were enriched at functional genes in ILC2s during development that were later dynamically regulated in allergic lung inflammation, including genes that control ILC2 response to cytokines and interactions with T cells. Finally, ILC2s from ID1tg/WT compared with WT mice had fewer regions of open chromatin near functional genes that were enriched for AP-1 factor binding sites following HDM treatment. These data show that E-proteins shape the chromatin landscape during ILC2 development to dictate the functional capacity of mature ILC2s during allergic inflammation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Barshad
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
| | - Hung-An Ting
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Oluomachi G Onyekwere
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY; and
| | - James J Lewis
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Edward J Rice
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Macy K Matheson
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
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30
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Cautivo KM, Matatia PR, Lizama CO, Mroz NM, Dahlgren MW, Yu X, Sbierski-Kind J, Taruselli MT, Brooks JF, Wade-Vallance A, Caryotakis SE, Chang AA, Liang HE, Zikherman J, Locksley RM, Molofsky AB. Interferon gamma constrains type 2 lymphocyte niche boundaries during mixed inflammation. Immunity 2022; 55:254-271.e7. [PMID: 35139352 PMCID: PMC8852844 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic immunity is orchestrated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and type 2 helper T (Th2) cells prominently arrayed at epithelial- and microbial-rich barriers. However, ILC2s and Th2 cells are also present in fibroblast-rich niches within the adventitial layer of larger vessels and similar boundary structures in sterile deep tissues, and it remains unclear whether they undergo dynamic repositioning during immune perturbations. Here, we used thick-section quantitative imaging to show that allergic inflammation drives invasion of lung and liver non-adventitial parenchyma by ILC2s and Th2 cells. However, during concurrent type 1 and type 2 mixed inflammation, IFNγ from broadly distributed type 1 lymphocytes directly blocked both ILC2 parenchymal trafficking and subsequent cell survival. ILC2 and Th2 cell confinement to adventitia limited mortality by the type 1 pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Our results suggest that the topography of tissue lymphocyte subsets is tightly regulated to promote appropriately timed and balanced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peri R Matatia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Mroz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madelene W Dahlgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Wade-Vallance
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sofia E Caryotakis
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony A Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Erh Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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31
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Wu X, Kasmani MY, Zheng S, Khatun A, Chen Y, Winkler W, Zander R, Burns R, Taparowsky EJ, Sun J, Cui W. BATF promotes group 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated lung tissue protection during acute respiratory virus infection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabc9934. [PMID: 35030033 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc9934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
| | - Moujtaba Y Kasmani
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shikan Zheng
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
| | - Achia Khatun
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Wendy Winkler
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
| | - Ryan Zander
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Taparowsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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32
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Interleukin 25 and its biological features and function in intestinal diseases. Cent Eur J Immunol 2022; 47:362-372. [PMID: 36817397 PMCID: PMC9901255 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2022.124416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 25 (IL-25), also known as IL-17E, is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family and an important regulator of the type 2 immune response. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-25 interacts with diverse immune as well as non-immune cells and plays a rather complicated role in different backgrounds of multiple organs. IL-25 has been studied in the physiology and pathology of the intestine to some extent. With epithelial cells being an important source in the intestine, IL-25 plays a key role in intestinal immune responses and is associated with inappropriate allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, and cancer tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the emerging comprehension of the biology of IL-25, as well as its cellular sources, targets, and signaling transduction. In particular, we discuss how IL-25 participates in the development of intestinal diseases including helminth infection, inflammatory bowel diseases, food allergy and colorectal cancer, as well as its underlying role in future therapy.
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33
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Yu M, Su Z, Huang X, Wang X. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Novel Role of Ezh2 in NK Cell Maturation and Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724276. [PMID: 34764950 PMCID: PMC8576367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes primarily involved in innate immunity and exhibit important functional properties in antimicrobial and antitumoral responses. Our previous work indicated that the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2) is a negative regulator of early NK cell differentiation and function through trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Here, we deleted Ezh2 from immature NK cells and downstream progeny to explore its role in NK cell maturation by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We identified six distinct NK stages based on the transcriptional signature during NK cell maturation. Conditional deletion of Ezh2 in NK cells resulted in a maturation trajectory toward NK cell arrest in CD11b SP stage 5, which was clustered with genes related to the activating function of NK cells. Mechanistically, we speculated that Ezh2 plays a critical role in NK development by activating AP-1 family gene expression independent of PRC2 function. Our results implied a novel role for the Ezh2-AP-1-Klrg1 axis in altering the NK cell maturation trajectory and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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34
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Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a four-α-helical bundle type I cytokine with broad pleiotropic actions on multiple lineages. Major actions of IL-4 were initially discovered for B and T cells, but this cytokine acts on more than a dozen different target cells spanning the innate and adaptive immune systems and is produced by multiple different cellular sources. While IL-4 was discovered just under 40 years ago in 1982, the interest in and discoveries related to this cytokine continue to markedly expand. There are important new advances related to its biological actions and to its mechanisms of signaling, including critical genes and downstream targets in a range of cell types. IL-4 is critical not only for careful control of immunoglobulin production but also related to inflammation, fibrosis, allergic reactions, and antitumor activity, with actions of IL-4 occurring through two different types of receptors, one of which is also used by IL-13, a closely related cytokine with partially overlapping actions. In this review, we cover critical older information but also highlight newer advances. An area of evolving interest relates to the therapeutic blockade of IL-4 signaling pathway to treat atopic dermatitis and asthma. Thus, this cytokine is historically important, and research in this area has both elucidated major biological pathways and led to therapeutic advances for diseases that affect millions of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsah D Keegan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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35
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Lok LSC, Walker JA, Jolin HE, Scanlon ST, Ishii M, Fallon PG, McKenzie ANJ, Clatworthy MR. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Exhibit Tissue-Specific Dynamic Behaviour During Type 2 Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711907. [PMID: 34484215 PMCID: PMC8415880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are early effectors of mucosal type 2 immunity, producing cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-13 to mediate responses to helminth infection and allergen-induced inflammation. ILC2s are also present in lymph nodes (LNs) and can express molecules required for antigen presentation, but to date there are limited data on their dynamic behaviour. We used a CD2/IL-13 dual fluorescent reporter mouse for in vivo imaging of ILC2s and Th2 T cells in real time following a type 2 priming helminth infection or egg injection. After helminth challenge, we found that ILC2s were the main source of IL-13 in lymphoid organs (Peyer’s patches and peripheral LNs), and were located in T cell areas. Intravital imaging demonstrated an increase in IL-13+ ILC2 size and movement following helminth infection, but reduced duration of interactions with T cells compared with those in homeostasis. In contrast, in the intestinal mucosa, we observed an increase in ILC2-T cell interactions post-infection, including some of prolonged duration, as well as increased IL-13+ ILC2 movement. These data suggest that ILC2 activation enhances cell motility, with the potential to increase the area of distribution of cytokines to optimise the early generation of type 2 responses. The prolonged ILC2 interactions with T cells within the intestinal mucosa are consistent with the conclusion that contact-based T cell activation may occur within inflamed tissues rather than lymphoid organs. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of the in vivo biology of ILC2s and the way in which these cells facilitate adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence S C Lok
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jennifer A Walker
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Jolin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Seth T Scanlon
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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36
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Identification of Toxocara canis Antigen-Interacting Partners by Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay and a Putative Mechanism of These Host-Parasite Interactions. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080949. [PMID: 34451413 PMCID: PMC8398310 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxocara canis is a zoonotic roundworm that infects humans and dogs all over the world. Upon infection, larvae migrate to various tissues leading to different clinical syndromes. The host–parasite interactions underlying the process of infection remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the application of a yeast two-hybrid assay to screen a human cDNA library and analyse the interactome of T. canis larval molecules. Our data identifies 16 human proteins that putatively interact with the parasite. These molecules were associated with major biological processes, such as protein processing, transport, cellular component organisation, immune response and cell signalling. Some of these identified interactions are associated with the development of a Th2 response, neutrophil activity and signalling in immune cells. Other interactions may be linked to neurodegenerative processes observed during neurotoxocariasis, and some are associated with lung pathology found in infected hosts. Our results should open new areas of research and provide further data to enable a better understanding of this complex and underestimated disease.
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37
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The Interplay between Nutrition, Innate Immunity, and the Commensal Microbiota in Adaptive Intestinal Morphogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072198. [PMID: 34206809 PMCID: PMC8308283 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a functionally and anatomically segmented organ that is colonized by microbial communities from birth. While the genetics of mouse gut development is increasingly understood, how nutritional factors and the commensal gut microbiota act in concert to shape tissue organization and morphology of this rapidly renewing organ remains enigmatic. Here, we provide an overview of embryonic mouse gut development, with a focus on the intestinal vasculature and the enteric nervous system. We review how nutrition and the gut microbiota affect the adaptation of cellular and morphologic properties of the intestine, and how these processes are interconnected with innate immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how nutritional and microbial factors impact the renewal and differentiation of the epithelial lineage, influence the adaptation of capillary networks organized in villus structures, and shape the enteric nervous system and the intestinal smooth muscle layers. Intriguingly, the anatomy of the gut shows remarkable flexibility to nutritional and microbial challenges in the adult organism.
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38
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Wirtz S, Schulz-Kuhnt A, Neurath MF, Atreya I. Functional Contribution and Targeted Migration of Group-2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Inflammatory Lung Diseases: Being at the Right Place at the Right Time. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688879. [PMID: 34177944 PMCID: PMC8222800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been discovered and successfully established as crucial mediators of lung allergy, airway inflammation and fibrosis, thus affecting the pathogenesis and clinical course of many respiratory diseases, like for instance asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis. As an important regulatory component in this context, the local pulmonary milieu at inflammatory tissue sites does not only determine the activation status of lung-infiltrating ILC2s, but also influences their motility and migratory behavior. In general, many data collected in recent murine and human studies argued against the former concept of a very strict tissue residency of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and instead pointed to a context-dependent homing capacity of peripheral blood ILC precursors and the inflammation-dependent capacity of specific ILC subsets for interorgan trafficking. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the so far described molecular mechanisms underlying the pulmonary migration of ILC2s and thereby the numeric regulation of local ILC2 pools at inflamed or fibrotic pulmonary tissue sites and discuss their potential to serve as innovative therapeutic targets in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Schulz-Kuhnt
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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39
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Zheng H, Zhang Y, Pan J, Liu N, Qin Y, Qiu L, Liu M, Wang T. The Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:586078. [PMID: 34177881 PMCID: PMC8220221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.586078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are significant diseases that affect many patients worldwide. In the past few decades, the incidence of allergic diseases has increased significantly due to environmental changes and social development, which has posed a substantial public health burden and even led to premature death. The understanding of the mechanism underlying allergic diseases has been substantially advanced, and the occurrence of allergic diseases and changes in the immune system state are known to be correlated. With the identification and in-depth understanding of innate lymphoid cells, researchers have gradually revealed that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play important roles in many allergic diseases. However, our current studies of ILC2s are limited, and their status in allergic diseases remains unclear. This article provides an overview of the common phenotypes and activation pathways of ILC2s in different allergic diseases as well as potential research directions to improve the understanding of their roles in different allergic diseases and ultimately find new treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachuang Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linghui Qiu
- Journal Press of Global Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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40
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Blomme EE, Provoost S, De Smet EG, De Grove KC, Van Eeckhoutte HP, De Volder J, Hansbro PM, Bonato M, Saetta M, Wijnant SR, Verhamme F, Joos GF, Bracke KR, Brusselle GG, Maes T. Quantification and role of innate lymphoid cell subsets in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1287. [PMID: 34136217 PMCID: PMC8178740 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) secrete cytokines, such as IFN‐γ, IL‐13 and IL‐17, which are linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we investigated the role of pulmonary ILCs in COPD pathogenesis. Methods Lung ILC subsets in COPD and control subjects were quantified using flow cytometry and associated with clinical parameters. Tissue localisation of ILC and T‐cell subsets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Mice were exposed to air or cigarette smoke (CS) for 1, 4 or 24 weeks to investigate whether pulmonary ILC numbers and activation are altered and whether they contribute to CS‐induced innate inflammatory responses. Results Quantification of lung ILC subsets demonstrated that ILC1 frequency in the total ILC population was elevated in COPD and was associated with smoking and severity of respiratory symptoms (COPD Assessment Test [CAT] score). All three ILC subsets localised near lymphoid aggregates in COPD. In the COPD mouse model, CS exposure in C57BL/6J mice increased ILC numbers at all time points, with relative increases in ILC1 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Importantly, CS exposure induced increases in neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells that remained elevated in Rag2/Il2rg‐deficient mice that lack adaptive immune cells and ILCs. However, CS‐induced CXCL1, IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ levels were reduced by ILC deficiency. Conclusion The ILC1 subset is increased in COPD patients and correlates with smoking and severity of respiratory symptoms. ILCs also increase upon CS exposure in C57BL/6J mice. In the absence of adaptive immunity, ILCs contribute to CS‐induced pro‐inflammatory mediator release, but are redundant in CS‐induced innate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy E Blomme
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Sharen Provoost
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Elise G De Smet
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Katrien C De Grove
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Hannelore P Van Eeckhoutte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Joyceline De Volder
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute Sydney NSW Australia.,Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia
| | - Matteo Bonato
- Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia
| | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Sara Ra Wijnant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium.,Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands.,Department of Bioanalysis Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Fien Verhamme
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Guy F Joos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Tania Maes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
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41
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Gogoi M, McKenzie AN. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Team Players in Regulating Asthma. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:167-198. [PMID: 33534604 PMCID: PMC7614118 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-110119-091711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity helps protect the host from infection, but it also plays key roles in tissue homeostasis, metabolism, and repair. Unfortunately, inappropriate type 2 immune reactions may lead to allergy and asthma. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lungs respond rapidly to local environmental cues, such as the release of epithelium-derived type 2 initiator cytokines/alarmins, producing type 2 effector cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in response to tissue damage and infection. ILC2s are associated with the severity of allergic asthma, and experimental models of lung inflammation have shown how they act as playmakers, receiving signals variously from stromal and immune cells as well as the nervous system and then distributing cytokine cues to elicit type 2 immune effector functions and potentiate CD4+ T helper cell activation, both of which characterize the pathology of allergic asthma. Recent breakthroughs identifying stromal- and neuronal-derived microenvironmental cues that regulate ILC2s, along with studies recognizing the potential plasticity of ILC2s, have improved our understanding of the immunoregulation of asthma and opened new avenues for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK
| | - Andrew N.J. McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK,Corresponding author:
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42
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Mi LL, Zhu Y, Lu HY. A crosstalk between type 2 innate lymphoid cells and alternative macrophages in lung development and lung diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:403. [PMID: 33786611 PMCID: PMC8025469 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important innate immune cells that are involved in type 2 inflammation, in both mice and humans. ILC2s are stimulated by factors, including interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-25, and activated ILC2s secrete several cytokines that mediate type 2 immunity by inducing profound changes in physiology, including activation of alternative (M2) macrophages. M2 macrophages possess immune modulatory, phagocytic, tissue repair and remodeling properties, and can regulate ILC2s under infection. The present review summarizes the role of ILC2s as innate cells and M2 macrophages as anti-inflammatory cells, and discusses current literature on their important biological significance. The present review also highlights how the crosstalk between ILC2s and M2 macrophages contributes to lung development, induces pulmonary parasitic expulsion, exacerbates pulmonary viral and fungal infections and allergic airway diseases, and promotes the development of lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and carcinoma of the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Mi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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43
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van der Ploeg EK, Golebski K, van Nimwegen M, Fergusson JR, Heesters BA, Martinez-Gonzalez I, Kradolfer CMA, van Tol S, Scicluna BP, de Bruijn MJW, de Boer GM, Tramper-Stranders GA, Braunstahl GJ, van IJcken WFJ, Nagtegaal AP, van Drunen CM, Fokkens WJ, Huylebroeck D, Spits H, Hendriks RW, Stadhouders R, Bal SM. Steroid-resistant human inflammatory ILC2s are marked by CD45RO and elevated in type 2 respiratory diseases. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/55/eabd3489. [PMID: 33514640 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) orchestrate protective type 2 immunity and have been implicated in various immune disorders. In the mouse, circulatory inflammatory ILC2s (iILC2s) were identified as a major source of type 2 cytokines. The human equivalent of the iILC2 subset remains unknown. Here, we identify a human inflammatory ILC2 population that resides in inflamed mucosal tissue and is specifically marked by surface CD45RO expression. CD45RO+ ILC2s are derived from resting CD45RA+ ILC2s upon activation by epithelial alarmins such as IL-33 and TSLP, which is tightly linked to STAT5 activation and up-regulation of the IRF4/BATF transcription factors. Transcriptome analysis reveals marked similarities between human CD45RO+ ILC2s and mouse iILC2s. Frequencies of CD45RO+ inflammatory ILC2 are increased in inflamed mucosal tissue and in the circulation of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis or asthma, correlating with disease severity and resistance to corticosteroid therapy. CD45RA-to-CD45RO ILC2 conversion is suppressed by corticosteroids via induction of differentiation toward an immunomodulatory ILC2 phenotype characterized by low type 2 cytokine and high amphiregulin expression. Once converted, however, CD45RO+ ILC2s are resistant to corticosteroids, which is associated with metabolic reprogramming resulting in the activation of detoxification pathways. Our combined data identify CD45RO+ inflammatory ILC2s as a human analog of mouse iILC2s linked to severe type 2 inflammatory disease and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee K van der Ploeg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Korneliusz Golebski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Joannah R Fergusson
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Balthasar A Heesters
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Itziar Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chantal M A Kradolfer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sophie van Tol
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Geertje M de Boer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerdien A Tramper-Stranders
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Braunstahl
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Paul Nagtegaal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis M van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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44
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Borowczyk J, Shutova M, Brembilla NC, Boehncke WH. IL-25 (IL-17E) in epithelial immunology and pathophysiology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:40-52. [PMID: 33485651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-25, also known as IL-17E, is a unique cytokine of the IL-17 family. Indeed, IL-25 exclusively was shown to strongly induce expression of the cytokines associated with type 2 immunity. Although produced by several types of immune cells, such as T cells, dendritic cells, or group 2 innate lymphoid cells, a vast amount of IL-25 derives from epithelial cells. The functions of IL-25 have been actively studied in the context of physiology and pathology of various organs including skin, airways and lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and thymus. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-25 is a "barrier surface" cytokine whose expression depends on extrinsic environmental factors and when upregulated may lead to inflammatory disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or asthma. This review summarizes the progress of the recent years regarding the effects of IL-25 on the regulation of immune response and the balance between its homeostatic and pathogenic role in various epithelia. We revisit IL-25's general and tissue-specific mechanisms of action, mediated signaling pathways, and transcription factors activated in immune and resident cells. Finally, we discuss perspectives of the IL-25-based therapies for inflammatory disorders and compare them with the mainstream ones that target IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Borowczyk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Shutova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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45
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Surace L, Doisne JM, Croft CA, Thaller A, Escoll P, Marie S, Petrosemoli N, Guillemot V, Dardalhon V, Topazio D, Cama A, Buchrieser C, Taylor N, Amit I, Musumeci O, Di Santo JP. Dichotomous metabolic networks govern human ILC2 proliferation and function. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1367-1374. [PMID: 34686862 PMCID: PMC8553616 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent innate homologs of type 2 helper T cells (TH2) that participate in immune defense and tissue homeostasis through production of type 2 cytokines. While T lymphocytes metabolically adapt to microenvironmental changes, knowledge of human ILC2 metabolism is limited, and its key regulators are unknown. Here, we show that circulating 'naive' ILC2s have an unexpected metabolic profile with a higher level of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) than natural killer (NK) cells. Accordingly, ILC2s are severely reduced in individuals with mitochondrial disease (MD) and impaired OXPHOS. Metabolomic and nutrient receptor analysis revealed ILC2 uptake of amino acids to sustain OXPHOS at steady state. Following activation with interleukin-33 (IL-33), ILC2s became highly proliferative, relying on glycolysis and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to produce IL-13 while continuing to fuel OXPHOS with amino acids to maintain cellular fitness and proliferation. Our results suggest that proliferation and function are metabolically uncoupled in human ILC2s, offering new strategies to target ILC2s in disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Surace
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Carys A. Croft
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anna Thaller
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pedro Escoll
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Biology of Intracellular Bacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
| | - Solenne Marie
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Petrosemoli
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Guillemot
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Dardalhon
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Davide Topazio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital ‘Mazzini’, Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonia Cama
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otolaryngology, Hospital ‘F. Renzetti’, Lanciano, Italy
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Biology of Intracellular Bacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ido Amit
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olimpia Musumeci
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - James P. Di Santo
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
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46
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Tomar S, Ganesan V, Sharma A, Zeng C, Waggoner L, Smith A, Kim CH, Licona-Limón P, Reinhardt RL, Flavell RA, Wang YH, Hogan SP. IL-4-BATF signaling directly modulates IL-9 producing mucosal mast cell (MMC9) function in experimental food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:280-295. [PMID: 33069715 PMCID: PMC7856198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study group has previously identified IL-9-producing mucosal mast cell (MMC9) as the primary source of IL-9 to drive intestinal mastocytosis and experimental IgE-mediated food allergy. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the expansion of MMC9s remain unknown. OBJECTIVES This study hypothesized that IL-4 regulates MMC9 development and MMC9-dependent experimental IgE-mediated food allergy. METHODS An epicutaneous sensitization model was used and bone marrow reconstitution experiments were performed to test the requirement of IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) signaling on MMC9s in experimental IgE-mediated food allergy. Flow cytometric, bulk, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses on small intestine (SI) MMC9s were performed to illuminate MMC9 transcriptional signature and the effect of IL-4Rα signaling on MMC9 function. A bone marrow-derived MMC9 culture system was used to define IL-4-BATF signaling in MMC9 development. RESULTS Epicutaneous sensitization- and bone marrow reconstitution-based models of IgE-mediated food allergy revealed an IL-4 signaling-dependent cell-intrinsic effect on SI MMC9 accumulation and food allergy severity. RNA-sequencing analysis of SI-MMC9s identified 410 gene transcripts reciprocally regulated by IL-4 signaling, including Il9 and Batf. Insilico analyses identified a 3491-gene MMC9 transcriptional signature and identified 2 transcriptionally distinct SI MMC9 populations enriched for metabolic or inflammatory programs. Employing an in vitro MMC9-culture model system showed that generation of MMC9-like cells was induced by IL-4 and this was in part dependent on BATF. CONCLUSIONS IL-4Rα signaling directly modulates MMC9 function and exacerbation of experimental IgE-mediated food allergic reactions. IL-4Rα regulation of MMC9s is in part BATF-dependent and occurs via modulation of metabolic transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Tomar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Varsha Ganesan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Chang Zeng
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa Waggoner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Smith
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chang H Kim
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Richard L Reinhardt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo; Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Md
| | - Yui-Hsi Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Type 2 Inflammation and Fibrosis Cluster, Immunology and Inflammation Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, Mass.
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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47
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Liu Q, Kim MH, Friesen L, Kim CH. BATF regulates innate lymphoid cell hematopoiesis and homeostasis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eaaz8154. [PMID: 33277375 PMCID: PMC8375455 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz8154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early hematopoietic progenitors undergo sophisticated developmental processes to become committed innate lymphoid cell (ILC) progenitors and ultimately mature ILC subsets in the periphery. Basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (Batf) plays important roles in lymphocyte biology. We report here that Batf regulates the production of bone marrow ILC progenitors and maintenance of peripheral ILCs. The expression of Batf is induced during ILC development at the α-lymphoid progenitor stage in response to the cytokine IL-7. As a potential mechanism, up-regulated Batf binds and activates transcription of the Nfil3 gene to promote ILC hematopoiesis. Batf is necessary to maintain normal numbers of early and late ILC progenitors in the bone marrow and mature ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, and NK cells in most peripheral tissues. Batf deficiency causes ILC lymphopenia, leading to defective ILC responses to inflammatory cytokines and defective immunity to enteric bacterial infections. Thus, Batf plays critical roles in bone marrow hematopoiesis, peripheral homeostasis, and effector functions of ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Myung H Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Leon Friesen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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48
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De Salvo C, Buela KA, Pizarro TT. Cytokine-Mediated Regulation of Innate Lymphoid Cell Plasticity in Gut Mucosal Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585319. [PMID: 33424837 PMCID: PMC7794016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal barriers are active sites that encounter a bombardment of antigenic stimuli derived from both the commensal flora and a variety of pathogens, as well as from environmental insults. As such, the ability to mount appropriate innate immune responses is an important first line of defense that confers protection to the host. Central to innate immunity are innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which were first described a decade ago, and represent a family of heterogeneous cells driven by specific transcription factors and exhibit distinct cytokine profiles that are shared with their CD4+ T-helper cell counterparts. ILCs are particularly enriched at mucosal surfaces, and the tissue microenvironment and cytokine milieu in which ILCs reside are critical factors that drive the behavior and overall function of these cells. In fact, ILCs situated at mucosal barriers must be able to temper their response to a constant exposure of environmental antigens, but also promptly react to pathogens or signals that are potentially harmful to the host. In this context, the ability of ILCs to readily transdifferentiate in response to their dynamic surroundings has become a vigorous area of research, and defining specific mechanism(s) of ILC plasticity is at the advent of discovery. This review will summarize what is currently known regarding the network of cytokines and regulatory elements that enable ILCs to readily transform, based on the range of diverse signals and signal gradients they encounter that lead to either protective or pathogenic function(s), with focus on the gut mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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49
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Zhang M, Wu C. The relationship between intestinal goblet cells and the immune response. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201471. [PMID: 33017020 PMCID: PMC7569202 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Goblet cells (GCs) are single-cell glands that produce and secrete mucin. Mucin forms a mucus layer, which can separate the materials in cavities from the intestinal epithelium and prevent the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms in various ways. GCs can also participate in the immune response through nonspecific endocytosis and goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs). GCs endocytose soluble substances from the lumen and transmit antigens to the underlying antigen-presenting cells (APCs). A variety of immuno-regulatory factors can promote the differentiation, maturation of GCs, and the secretion of mucin. The mucin secreted by GCs forms a mucus layer, which plays an important role in resisting the invasion of foreign bacteria and intestinal inherent microorganisms, regulating the immune performance of the body. Therefore, the present study mainly reviews the barrier function of the mucus layer, the mucus secreted by goblet cells, the protective effect against pathogenic bacteria, the delivery of luminal substances through GAPs and the relationship between GCs and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Chen W, Shu Q, Fan J. Neural Regulation of Interactions Between Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Pulmonary Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:576929. [PMID: 33193374 PMCID: PMC7658006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the involvement of nervous system in the regulation of immune responses. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which function as a crucial bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, are present in large numbers in barrier tissues. Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters have been found to participate in the regulation of ILC2, adding a new dimension to neuroimmunity. However, a comprehensive and detailed overview of the mechanisms of neural regulation of ILC2, associated with previous findings and prospects for future research, is still lacking. In this review, we compile existing information that supports neurons as yet poorly understood regulators of ILC2 in the field of lung innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on neural regulation of the interaction between ILC2 and pulmonary immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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