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Grijseels S, Vasskog T, Heinsvig PJ, Myhre TN, Hansen T, Mardal M. Validation of two LCHRMS methods for large-scale untargeted metabolomics of serum samples: Strategy to establish method fitness-for-purpose. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1732:465230. [PMID: 39142167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics by LCHRMS is a powerful tool to enhance our knowledge of pathophysiological processes. Whereas validation of a bioanalytical method is customary in most analytical chemistry fields, it is rarely performed for untargeted metabolomics. This study aimed to establish and validate an analytical platform for a long-term, clinical metabolomics study. Sample preparation was performed with an automated liquid handler and four analytical methods were developed and evaluated. The validation study spanned three batches with twelve runs using individual serum samples and various quality control samples. Data was acquired with untargeted acquisition and only metabolites identified at level 1 were evaluated. Validation parameters were set to evaluate key performance metrics relevant for the intended application: reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and identification selectivity, emphasizing dataset intrinsic variance. Concordance of semi-quantitative results between methods was evaluated to identify potential bias. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (rs) were calculated from individual serum samples. Of the four methods tested, two were selected for validation. A total of 47 and 55 metabolites (RPLC-ESI+- and HILIC-ESI--HRMS, respectively) met specified validation criteria. Quality assurance involved system suitability testing, sample release, run release, and batch release. The median repeatability and within-run reproducibility as coefficient of variation% for metabolites that passed validation on RPLC-ESI+- and HILIC-ESI--HRMS were 4.5 and 4.6, and 1.5 and 3.8, respectively. Metabolites that passed validation on RPLC-ESI+-HRMS had a median D-ratio of 1.91, and 89 % showed good signal intensity after ten-fold dilution. The corresponding numbers for metabolites with the HILIC-ESI--HRMS method was 1.45 and 45 %, respectively. The rs median ({range}) for metabolites that passed validation on RPLC-ESI+- was 0.93 (N = 9 {0.69-0.98}) and on HILIC-ESI--HRMS was 0.93 (N = 22 {0.55-1.00}). The validated methods proved fit-for-purpose and the laboratory thus demonstrated its capability to produce reliable results for a large-scale, untargeted metabolomics study. This validation not only bolsters the reliability of the assays but also significantly enhances the impact and credibility of the hypotheses generated from the studies. Therefore, this validation study serves as a benchmark in the documentation of untargeted metabolomics, potentially guiding future endeavors in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske Grijseels
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Medical Biology, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Vasskog
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pia J Heinsvig
- Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torbjørn N Myhre
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terkel Hansen
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marie Mardal
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Dylla L, Higgins HM, Stephenson D, Reisz JA, Vu T, Poisson SN, Herson PS, Monte AA. Sex Differences in the Blood Metabolome During Acute Response to Ischemic Stroke. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 38946610 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Females suffer greater lifetime risk of stroke and greater morbidity and mortality from stroke compared with males. This study's objective was to identify differences in metabolomic profiling of females and males with stroke and which differences were associated with neurological outcome. Methods: Females and males with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the Emergency Medicine Specimen Bank at a comprehensive stroke center provided whole blood samples upon arrival for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the cohort. A linear regression model was fit for individual metabolites to determine differences in relative abundance between males and females while controlling for covariates (age, race/ethnicity, postmenopausal status, cardiovascular risk factors, depression, time between sample collection and last known well, and initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score). For each differentially expressed metabolite, a linear regression model was fit to determine the association between the metabolite and NIHSS at 24 hours after admission while controlling for the covariates and acute treatments. Results: After adjusting for covariates, eight metabolites differed in females and males with a stroke. These included amino acids or their metabolites (proline and tryptophan), nucleotides (guanosine diphosphate [GDP], and inosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate), citrate, dehydroascorbate, choline, and acylcarnitine-(5-OH). GDP and dehydroascorbate were significantly associated with 24-hour NIHSS (p = 0.0991). Conclusions: Few metabolites were differentially abundant in blood after a stroke when comparing females with males and controlling for confounders, but the interactions between biological sex and GDP, as well as biological sex and dehydroascorbate, were associated with 24-hour neurological function. This has important implications for future studies that evaluate the therapeutic potential of these metabolites in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layne Dylla
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hannah M Higgins
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thao Vu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sharon N Poisson
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew A Monte
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Poisson and Drug Center, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Dehhaghi M, Heydari M, Panahi HKS, Lewin SR, Heng B, Brew BJ, Guillemin GJ. The roles of the kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 neuropathogenesis. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02293-y. [PMID: 38802702 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the highly contagious respiratory disease Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that may lead to various neurological and psychological disorders that can be acute, lasting days to weeks or months and possibly longer. The latter is known as long-COVID or more recently post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC). During acute COVID-19 infection, a strong inflammatory response, known as the cytokine storm, occurs in some patients. The levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interferon-β (IFN-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are particularly increased. These cytokines are known to activate the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), catalysing the first step of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) leading to the production of several neurotoxic and immunosuppressive metabolites. There is already data showing elevation in KP metabolites both acutely and in PASC, especially regarding cognitive impairment. Thus, it is likely that KP involvement is significant in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis especially neurologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dehhaghi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mostafa Heydari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Abdallah AM, Doudin A, Sulaiman TO, Jamil O, Arif R, Sada FA, Yassine HM, Elrayess MA, Elzouki AN, Emara MM, Thillaiappan NB, Cyprian FS. Metabolic predictors of COVID-19 mortality and severity: a survival analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353903. [PMID: 38799469 PMCID: PMC11127595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The global healthcare burden of COVID-19 pandemic has been unprecedented with a high mortality. Metabolomics, a powerful technique, has been increasingly utilized to study the host response to infections and to understand the progression of multi-system disorders such as COVID-19. Analysis of the host metabolites in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection can provide a snapshot of the endogenous metabolic landscape of the host and its role in shaping the interaction with SARS-CoV-2. Disease severity and consequently the clinical outcomes may be associated with a metabolic imbalance related to amino acids, lipids, and energy-generating pathways. Hence, the host metabolome can help predict potential clinical risks and outcomes. Methods In this prospective study, using a targeted metabolomics approach, we studied the metabolic signature in 154 COVID-19 patients (males=138, age range 48-69 yrs) and related it to disease severity and mortality. Blood plasma concentrations of metabolites were quantified through LC-MS using MxP Quant 500 kit, which has a coverage of 630 metabolites from 26 biochemical classes including distinct classes of lipids and small organic molecules. We then employed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to investigate the correlation between various metabolic markers, disease severity and patient outcomes. Results A comparison of survival outcomes between individuals with high levels of various metabolites (amino acids, tryptophan, kynurenine, serotonin, creatine, SDMA, ADMA, 1-MH and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2 enzymes) and those with low levels revealed statistically significant differences in survival outcomes. We further used four key metabolic markers (tryptophan, kynurenine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and 1-Methylhistidine) to develop a COVID-19 mortality risk model through the application of multiple machine-learning methods. Conclusions Metabolomics analysis revealed distinct metabolic signatures among different severity groups, reflecting discernible alterations in amino acid levels and perturbations in tryptophan metabolism. Notably, critical patients exhibited higher levels of short chain acylcarnitines, concomitant with higher concentrations of SDMA, ADMA, and 1-MH in severe cases and non-survivors. Conversely, levels of 3-methylhistidine were lower in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmma Doudin
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Theeb Osama Sulaiman
- Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Jamil
- Department of Radiology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rida Arif
- Emergency Medicine Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima Al Sada
- Neurosurgery Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- College of Medicine, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdel-Naser Elzouki
- College of Medicine, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M. Emara
- College of Medicine, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Farhan S. Cyprian
- College of Medicine, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Lonati C, Berezhnoy G, Lawler N, Masuda R, Kulkarni A, Sala S, Nitschke P, Zizmare L, Bucci D, Cannet C, Schäfer H, Singh Y, Gray N, Lodge S, Nicholson J, Merle U, Wist J, Trautwein C. Urinary phenotyping of SARS-CoV-2 infection connects clinical diagnostics with metabolomics and uncovers impaired NAD + pathway and SIRT1 activation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:770-788. [PMID: 37955280 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The stratification of individuals suffering from acute and post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection remains a critical challenge. Notably, biomarkers able to specifically monitor viral progression, providing details about patient clinical status, are still not available. Herein, quantitative metabolomics is progressively recognized as a useful tool to describe the consequences of virus-host interactions considering also clinical metadata. METHODS The present study characterized the urinary metabolic profile of 243 infected individuals by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results were compared with a historical cohort of noninfected subjects. Moreover, we assessed the concentration of recently identified antiviral nucleosides and their association with other metabolites and clinical data. RESULTS Urinary metabolomics can stratify patients into classes of disease severity, with a discrimination ability comparable to that of clinical biomarkers. Kynurenines showed the highest fold change in clinically-deteriorated patients and higher-risk subjects. Unique metabolite clusters were also generated based on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Changes in the concentration of antiviral nucleosides were associated with either other metabolites or clinical variables. Increased kynurenines and reduced trigonelline excretion indicated a disrupted nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD+) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the potential of urinary metabolomics for noninvasive diagnostic/prognostic screening and show that the antiviral nucleosides could represent novel biomarkers linking viral load, immune response, and metabolism. Moreover, we established for the first time a casual link between kynurenine accumulation and deranged NAD+/SIRT1, offering a novel mechanism through which SARS-CoV-2 manipulates host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Lonati
- Center for Preclinical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georgy Berezhnoy
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nathan Lawler
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University Perth, Australia
| | - Reika Masuda
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University Perth, Australia
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samuele Sala
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University Perth, Australia
| | - Philipp Nitschke
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University Perth, Australia
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniele Bucci
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claire Cannet
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, AIC Division, Ettlingen, Germany
| | | | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University Perth, Australia
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University Perth, Australia
| | - Jeremy Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University Perth, Australia
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University Perth, Australia
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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de Fátima Cobre A, Alves AC, Gotine ARM, Domingues KZA, Lazo REL, Ferreira LM, Tonin FS, Pontarolo R. Novel COVID-19 biomarkers identified through multi-omics data analysis: N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetyl-L-alanine, N-acetyltriptophan, palmitoylcarnitine, and glycerol 1-myristate. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03547-1. [PMID: 38416303 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to apply machine learning models to identify new biomarkers associated with the early diagnosis and prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Plasma and serum samples from COVID-19 patients (mild, moderate, and severe), patients with other pneumonia (but with negative COVID-19 RT-PCR), and healthy volunteers (control) from hospitals in four different countries (China, Spain, France, and Italy) were analyzed by GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR. Machine learning models (PCA and PLS-DA) were developed to predict the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 and identify biomarkers associated with these outcomes.A total of 1410 patient samples were analyzed. The PLS-DA model presented a diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of around 95% of all analyzed data. A total of 23 biomarkers (e.g., spermidine, taurine, L-aspartic, L-glutamic, L-phenylalanine and xanthine, ornithine, and ribothimidine) have been identified as being associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19. Additionally, we also identified for the first time five new biomarkers (N-Acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid, N-Acetyl-L-Alanine, N-Acetyltriptophan, palmitoylcarnitine, and glycerol 1-myristate) that are also associated with the severity and diagnosis of COVID-19. These five new biomarkers were elevated in severe COVID-19 patients compared to patients with mild disease or healthy volunteers.The PLS-DA model was able to predict the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 around 95%. Additionally, our investigation pinpointed five novel potential biomarkers linked to the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19: N-Acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid, N-Acetyl-L-Alanine, N-Acetyltriptophan, palmitoylcarnitine, and glycerol 1-myristate. These biomarkers exhibited heightened levels in severe COVID-19 patients compared to those with mild COVID-19 or healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexessander Couto Alves
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Luana Mota Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus III, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Stumpf Tonin
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Centre, ESTeSL, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus III, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
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Arnsten AFT, Ishizawa Y, Xie Z. Scientific rationale for the use of α2A-adrenoceptor agonists in treating neuroinflammatory cognitive disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4540-4552. [PMID: 37029295 PMCID: PMC10080530 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory disorders preferentially impair the higher cognitive and executive functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This includes such challenging disorders as delirium, perioperative neurocognitive disorder, and the sustained cognitive deficits from "long-COVID" or traumatic brain injury. There are no FDA-approved treatments for these symptoms; thus, understanding their etiology is important for generating therapeutic strategies. The current review describes the molecular rationale for why PFC circuits are especially vulnerable to inflammation, and how α2A-adrenoceptor (α2A-AR) actions throughout the nervous and immune systems can benefit the circuits in PFC needed for higher cognition. The layer III circuits in the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) that generate and sustain the mental representations needed for higher cognition have unusual neurotransmission and neuromodulation. They are wholly dependent on NMDAR neurotransmission, with little AMPAR contribution, and thus are especially vulnerable to kynurenic acid inflammatory signaling which blocks NMDAR. Layer III dlPFC spines also have unusual neuromodulation, with cAMP magnification of calcium signaling in spines, which opens nearby potassium channels to rapidly weaken connectivity and reduce neuronal firing. This process must be tightly regulated, e.g. by mGluR3 or α2A-AR on spines, to prevent loss of firing. However, the production of GCPII inflammatory signaling reduces mGluR3 actions and markedly diminishes dlPFC network firing. Both basic and clinical studies show that α2A-AR agonists such as guanfacine can restore dlPFC network firing and cognitive function, through direct actions in the dlPFC, but also by reducing the activity of stress-related circuits, e.g. in the locus coeruleus and amygdala, and by having anti-inflammatory actions in the immune system. This information is particularly timely, as guanfacine is currently the focus of large clinical trials for the treatment of delirium, and in open label studies for the treatment of cognitive deficits from long-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F T Arnsten
- Department Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 056510, USA.
| | - Yumiko Ishizawa
- Department Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Department Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Zeng F, Fan Z, Li S, Li L, Sun T, Qiu Y, Nie L, Huang G. Tumor Microenvironment Activated Photoacoustic-Fluorescence Bimodal Nanoprobe for Precise Chemo-immunotherapy and Immune Response Tracing of Glioblastoma. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19753-19766. [PMID: 37812513 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic therapy strategy and prognostic monitoring of glioblastoma's immune response to treatment are crucial to optimize patient care and advance clinical outcomes. However, current systemic temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and imaging methods for in vivo tracing of immune responses are inadequate. Herein, we report an all-in-one theranostic nanoprobe (PEG/αCD25-Cy7/TMZ) for precise chemotherapy and real-time immune response tracing of glioblastoma by photoacoustic-fluorescence imaging. The nanoprobe was loaded with TMZ and targeted regulatory T lymphocyte optical dye αCD25-Cy7 encapsulated by glutathione-responsive DSPE-SS-PEG2000. The results showed that the targeted efficiency of the nanoprobe to regulatory T lymphocytes is up to 92.3%. The activation of PEG/αCD25-Cy7/TMZ by glutathione enhanced the precise delivery of TMZ to the tumor microenvironment for local chemotherapy and monitored glioblastoma's boundary by photoacoustic-fluorescence imaging. Immunotherapy with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors after chemotherapy could promote immunological responses and reduce regulatory T lymphocyte infiltration, which could improve the survival rate. Photoacoustic imaging has in real-time and noninvasively depicted the dynamic process of immune response on a micrometer scale, showing that the infiltration of regulatory T lymphocytes after chemotherapy was up-regulated and would down-regulate after IDO inhibitor treatment. This all-in-one theranostic strategy is a promising method for precisely delivering TMZ and long-term dynamically tracing regulatory T lymphocytes to evaluate the immune response in situ for accurate tumor chemo-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchu Zeng
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shiying Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovsacular Institute, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lanqing Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liming Nie
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guojia Huang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
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9
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El-Derany MO, Hanna DMF, Youshia J, Elmowafy E, Farag MA, Azab SS. Metabolomics-directed nanotechnology in viral diseases management: COVID-19 a case study. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1045-1065. [PMID: 37587394 PMCID: PMC10539420 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently regarded as the twenty-first century's plague accounting for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Besides its reported symptoms affecting the respiratory tract, it was found to alter several metabolic pathways inside the body. Nanoparticles proved to combat viral infections including COVID-19 to demonstrate great success in developing vaccines based on mRNA technology. However, various types of nanoparticles can affect the host metabolome. Considering the increasing proportion of nano-based vaccines, this review compiles and analyses how COVID-19 and nanoparticles affect lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates metabolism. A search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science for available information on the interrelationship between metabolomics and immunity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the effect of nanoparticles on metabolite levels. It was clear that SARS-CoV-2 disrupted several pathways to ensure a sufficient supply of its building blocks to facilitate its replication. Such information can help in developing treatment strategies against viral infections and COVID-19 based on interventions that overcome these metabolic changes. Furthermore, it showed that even drug-free nanoparticles can exert an influence on biological systems as evidenced by metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa O El-Derany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Diana M F Hanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - John Youshia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar S Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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Badawy AB. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism: a neglected therapeutic target of COVID-19 pathophysiology and immunotherapy. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230595. [PMID: 37486805 PMCID: PMC10407158 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) exerts profound changes in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism that may underpin its pathophysiology. The KP is the main source of the vital cellular effector NAD+ and intermediate metabolites that modulate immune and neuronal functions. Trp metabolism is the top pathway influenced by COVID-19. Sixteen studies established virus-induced activation of the KP mediated mainly by induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) in most affected tissues and of IDO2 in lung by the increased release of proinflammatory cytokines but could additionally involve increased flux of plasma free Trp and induction of Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) by cortisol. The major Kyn metabolite targeted by COVID-19 is kynurenic acid (KA), the Kyn metabolite with the greatest affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is also activated by COVID-19. AhR activation initiates two important series of events: a vicious circle involving IDO1 induction, KA accumulation and further AhR activation, and activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) leading to NAD+ depletion and cell death. The virus further deprives the host of NAD+ by inhibiting its main biosynthetic pathway from quinolinic acid, while simultaneously acquiring NAD+ by promoting its synthesis from nicotinamide in the salvage pathway. Additionally, the protective effects of sirtuin 1 are minimised by the PARP activation. KP dysfunction may also underpin the mood and neurological disorders acutely and during 'long COVID'. More studies of potential effects of vaccination therapy on the KP are required and exploration of therapeutic strategies involving modulation of the KP changes are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Abu-Bakr Badawy
- Formerly School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, Wales, U.K
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11
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Huang D, Yang Y, Song W, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Lin Z, Ke X. Untargeted metabonomic analysis of a cerebral stroke model in rats: a study based on UPLC-MS/MS. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1084813. [PMID: 37614341 PMCID: PMC10442664 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1084813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain tissue damage caused by ischemic stroke can trigger changes in the body's metabolic response, and understanding the changes in the metabolic response of the gut after stroke can contribute to research on poststroke brain function recovery. Despite the increase in international research on poststroke metabolic mechanisms and the availability of powerful research tools in recent years, there is still an urgent need for poststroke metabolic studies. Metabolomic examination of feces from a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model can provide new insights into poststroke metabolism and identify key metabolic pathways, which will help reveal diagnostic and therapeutic targets as well as inspire pathophysiological studies after stroke. Methods We randomly divided 16 healthy adult pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats into the normal group and the study group, which received middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLCMS/MS) was used to determine the identities and concentrations of metabolites across all groups, and filtered high-quality data were analyzed for differential screening and differential metabolite functional analysis. Results After 1 and 14 days of modeling, compared to the normal group, rats in the study group showed significant neurological deficits (p < 0.001) and significantly increased infarct volume (day 1: p < 0.001; day 14: p = 0.001). Mass spectra identified 1,044 and 635 differential metabolites in rat feces in positive and negative ion modes, respectively, which differed significantly between the normal and study groups. The metabolites with increased levels identified in the study group were involved in tryptophan metabolism (p = 0.036678, p < 0.05), arachidonic acid metabolism (p = 0.15695), cysteine and methionine metabolism (p = 0.24705), and pyrimidine metabolism (p = 0.3413), whereas the metabolites with decreased levels were involved in arginine and proline metabolism (p = 0.15695) and starch and sucrose metabolism (p = 0.52256). Discussion We determined that UPLC-MS/MS could be employed for untargeted metabolomics research. Moreover, tryptophan metabolic pathways may have been disordered in the study group. Alterations in the tryptophan metabolome may provide additional theoretical and data support for elucidating stroke pathogenesis and selecting pathways for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunbing Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Jiang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Second Rehabilitation Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Diseases, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Second Rehabilitation Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Diseases, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Xiaohua Ke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Cysique LA, Jakabek D, Bracken SG, Allen‐Davidian Y, Heng B, Chow S, Dehhaghi M, Staats Pires A, Darley DR, Byrne A, Phetsouphanh C, Kelleher A, Dore GJ, Matthews GV, Guillemin GJ, Brew BJ. The kynurenine pathway relates to post-acute COVID-19 objective cognitive impairment and PASC. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:1338-1352. [PMID: 37318955 PMCID: PMC10424655 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and natural history of post-acute COVID-19 objective cognitive impairment and function, and their relationship to demographic, clinical factors, post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), and biomarkers. METHODS A total of 128 post-acute COVID-19 patients (age = 46 ± 15; 42% women, acute disease severity: not hospitalized: 38.6% mild: 0-1 symptoms, 52% 2+ symptoms; 9.4% hospitalized) completed standard cognition, olfaction, and mental health examinations 2-, 4-, and 12-month post diagnosis. Over the same time frame, WHO-defined PASC was determined. Blood cytokines, peripheral neurobiomarkers, and kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites were measured. Objective cognitive function was demographically/practice corrected, and impairment prevalence was determined using the evidence-based Global Deficit Score method to detect at least mild cognitive impairment (GDS > 0.5). Linear mixed effect regression models with time effect (month post diagnosis) evaluated the relationships to cognition. RESULTS Across the 12-month study period, mild to moderate cognitive impairment ranged from 16% to 26%, and 46.5% were impaired at least once. Impairment associated with poorer work capacity (p < 0.05), and 2-month objectively tested anosmia (p < 0.05). PASC with (p = 0.01) and without disability (p < 0.03) associated with acute COVID-19 severity. KP measures showed prolonged activation (2 to 8 months) (p < 0.0001) linked to IFN-beta in those with PASC. Of the blood analytes, only the KP metabolites (elevated quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, kynurenine, the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio) associated (p < 0.001) with poorer cognitive performance and greater likelihood of impairment. PASC, independent of disability associated with abnormal kynurenine/tryptophan (p < 0.03). INTERPRETATION The kynurenine pathway relates to post-acute COVID-19 objective cognitive impairment and PASC, thereby enabling biomarker and therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucette A. Cysique
- Peter Duncan Neuroscience Research UnitSt. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David Jakabek
- Neurology DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Yasmin Allen‐Davidian
- Peter Duncan Neuroscience Research UnitSt. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Macquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- PANDIS.orgSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sharron Chow
- Macquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Macquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- PANDIS.orgSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - David R. Darley
- Faculty of MedicineUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Respiratory Medicine DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anthony Byrne
- Faculty of MedicineUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Respiratory Medicine DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Anthony Kelleher
- Kirby InstituteUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Infectious Disease and Immunology DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gregory J. Dore
- Kirby InstituteUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Infectious Disease and Immunology DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gail V. Matthews
- Kirby InstituteUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Infectious Disease and Immunology DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Macquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- PANDIS.orgSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bruce J. Brew
- Peter Duncan Neuroscience Research UnitSt. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
- Neurology DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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13
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Fesharaki Zadeh A, Arnsten AFT, Wang M. Scientific Rationale for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficits from Long COVID. Neurol Int 2023; 15:725-742. [PMID: 37368329 PMCID: PMC10303664 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained cognitive deficits are a common and debilitating feature of "long COVID", but currently there are no FDA-approved treatments. The cognitive functions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are the most consistently afflicted by long COVID, including deficits in working memory, motivation, and executive functioning. COVID-19 infection greatly increases kynurenic acid (KYNA) and glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) in brain, both of which can be particularly deleterious to PFC function. KYNA blocks both NMDA and nicotinic-alpha-7 receptors, the two receptors required for dlPFC neurotransmission, and GCPII reduces mGluR3 regulation of cAMP-calcium-potassium channel signaling, which weakens dlPFC network connectivity and reduces dlPFC neuronal firing. Two agents approved for other indications may be helpful in restoring dlPFC physiology: the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine inhibits the production of KYNA, and the α2A-adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine regulates cAMP-calcium-potassium channel signaling in dlPFC and is also anti-inflammatory. Thus, these agents may be helpful in treating the cognitive symptoms of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Fesharaki Zadeh
- Departments of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Amy F. T. Arnsten
- Departments of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Min Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
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14
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Li Y, Hook JS, Ding Q, Xiao X, Chung SS, Mettlen M, Xu L, Moreland JG, Agathocleous M. Neutrophil metabolomics in severe COVID-19 reveal GAPDH as a suppressor of neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2610. [PMID: 37147288 PMCID: PMC10162006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an increase in the number and changes in the function of innate immune cells including neutrophils. However, it is not known how the metabolome of immune cells changes in patients with COVID-19. To address these questions, we analyzed the metabolome of neutrophils from patients with severe or mild COVID-19 and healthy controls. We identified widespread dysregulation of neutrophil metabolism with disease progression including in amino acid, redox, and central carbon metabolism. Metabolic changes in neutrophils from patients with severe COVID-19 were consistent with reduced activity of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH. Inhibition of GAPDH blocked glycolysis and promoted pentose phosphate pathway activity but blunted the neutrophil respiratory burst. Inhibition of GAPDH was sufficient to cause neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation which required neutrophil elastase activity. GAPDH inhibition increased neutrophil pH, and blocking this increase prevented cell death and NET formation. These findings indicate that neutrophils in severe COVID-19 have an aberrant metabolism which can contribute to their dysfunction. Our work also shows that NET formation, a pathogenic feature of many inflammatory diseases, is actively suppressed in neutrophils by a cell-intrinsic mechanism controlled by GAPDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Li
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica S Hook
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qing Ding
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen S Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, Quantitative Light Microscopy Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica G Moreland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michalis Agathocleous
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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15
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Li X, Liu Y, Xu G, Xie Y, Wang X, Wu J, Chen H. Plasma metabolomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:276. [PMID: 37076483 PMCID: PMC10113737 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 have spread rapidly worldwide; however, most infected patients have mild or no symptoms. This study aimed to understand the host response to Omicron infections by performing metabolomic profiling of plasma. We observed that Omicron infections triggered an inflammatory response and innate immune, and adaptive immunity was suppressed, including reduced T-cell response and immunoglobulin antibody production. Similar to the original SARS-CoV-2 strain circulating in 2019, the host developed an anti-inflammatory response and accelerated energy metabolism in response to Omicron infection. However, differential regulation of macrophage polarization and reduced neutrophil function has been observed in Omicron infections. Interferon-induced antiviral immunity was not as strong in Omicron infections as in the original SARS-CoV-2 infections. The host response to Omicron infections increased antioxidant capacity and liver detoxification more than in the original strain. Hence, these findings suggest that Omicron infections cause weaker inflammatory alterations and immune responses than the original SARS-CoV-2 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yimeng Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Guiying Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ximo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin, China.
| | - Junping Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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16
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Bourgin M, Durand S, Kroemer G. Diagnostic, Prognostic and Mechanistic Biomarkers of COVID-19 Identified by Mass Spectrometric Metabolomics. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030342. [PMID: 36984782 PMCID: PMC10056171 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have assessed the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity on the metabolome of exhaled air, saliva, plasma, and urine to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In spite of the richness of the literature, there is no consensus about the utility of metabolomic analyses for the management of COVID-19, calling for a critical assessment of the literature. We identified mass spectrometric metabolomic studies on specimens from SARS-CoV2-infected patients and subjected them to a cross-study comparison. We compared the clinical design, technical aspects, and statistical analyses of published studies with the purpose to identify the most relevant biomarkers. Several among the metabolites that are under- or overrepresented in the plasma from patients with COVID-19 may directly contribute to excessive inflammatory reactions and deficient immune control of SARS-CoV2, hence unraveling important mechanistic connections between whole-body metabolism and the course of the disease. Altogether, it appears that mass spectrometric approaches have a high potential for biomarker discovery, especially if they are subjected to methodological standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourgin
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylvère Durand
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75610 Paris, France
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Boswell MT, Maimela T, Hameiri-Bowen D, Riley G, Malan A, Steyn N, Nolutshungu N, de Villiers TR, de Beer Z, Mathabathe J, Tshabalala K, Abdullah F, Ramlall R, Heystek M, Basu D, Rheeder P, Ueckermann V, van Hougenhouck-Tulleken W. COVID-19 severity and in-hospital mortality in an area with high HIV prevalence. South Afr J HIV Med 2023; 24:1412. [PMID: 36751479 PMCID: PMC9900246 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v24i1.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV infection causes immune dysregulation affecting T-cell and monocyte function, which may alter coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology. Objectives We investigated the associations among clinical phenotypes, laboratory biomarkers, and hospitalisation outcomes in a cohort of people hospitalised with COVID-19 in a high HIV prevalence area. Method We conducted a prospective observational cohort study in Tshwane, South Africa. Respiratory disease severity was quantified using the respiratory oxygenation score. Analysed biomarkers included inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers, CD4 T-cell counts, and HIV-1 viral loads (HIVVL). Results The analysis included 558 patients, of whom 21.7% died during admission. The mean age was 54 years. A total of 82 participants were HIV-positive. People living with HIV (PLWH) were younger (mean age 46 years) than HIV-negative people; most were on antiretroviral treatment with a suppressed HIVVL (72%) and the median CD4 count was 159 (interquartile range: 66-397) cells/µL. After adjusting for age, HIV was not associated with increased risk of mortality during hospitalisation (age-adjusted hazard ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.6-2.0). Inflammatory biomarker levels were similar in PLWH and HIV-negative patients. Detectable HIVVL was associated with less severe respiratory disease. In PLWH, mortality was associated with higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Opportunistic infections, and other risk factors for severe COVID-19, were common in PLWH who died. Conclusion PLWH were not at increased risk of mortality and those with detectable HIVVL had less severe respiratory disease than those with suppressed HIVVL. What this study adds This study advances our understanding of severe COVID-19 in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Boswell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tshegofatso Maimela
- Clinical Public Health Unit, Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dan Hameiri-Bowen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George Riley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Nickietta Steyn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nomonde Nolutshungu
- Department of Medical Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - John Mathabathe
- Clinical Public Health Unit, Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Khanyisile Tshabalala
- Clinical Public Health Unit, Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fareed Abdullah
- South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - Debashis Basu
- Clinical Public Health Unit, Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Paul Rheeder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Veronica Ueckermann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Lu Y, Pang Z, Xia J. Comprehensive investigation of pathway enrichment methods for functional interpretation of LC-MS global metabolomics data. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbac553. [PMID: 36572652 PMCID: PMC9851290 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global or untargeted metabolomics is widely used to comprehensively investigate metabolic profiles under various pathophysiological conditions such as inflammations, infections, responses to exposures or interactions with microbial communities. However, biological interpretation of global metabolomics data remains a daunting task. Recent years have seen growing applications of pathway enrichment analysis based on putative annotations of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) peaks for functional interpretation of LC-MS-based global metabolomics data. However, due to intricate peak-metabolite and metabolite-pathway relationships, considerable variations are observed among results obtained using different approaches. There is an urgent need to benchmark these approaches to inform the best practices. RESULTS We have conducted a benchmark study of common peak annotation approaches and pathway enrichment methods in current metabolomics studies. Representative approaches, including three peak annotation methods and four enrichment methods, were selected and benchmarked under different scenarios. Based on the results, we have provided a set of recommendations regarding peak annotation, ranking metrics and feature selection. The overall better performance was obtained for the mummichog approach. We have observed that a ~30% annotation rate is sufficient to achieve high recall (~90% based on mummichog), and using semi-annotated data improves functional interpretation. Based on the current platforms and enrichment methods, we further propose an identifiability index to indicate the possibility of a pathway being reliably identified. Finally, we evaluated all methods using 11 COVID-19 and 8 inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) global metabolomics datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Pang
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Jain A, Morris M, Lin EZ, Khan SA, Ma X, Deziel NC, Godri Pollitt KJ, Johnson CH. Hemoglobin normalization outperforms other methods for standardizing dried blood spot metabolomics: A comparative study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158716. [PMID: 36113793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) metabolomics has numerous applications in newborn health screening, exposomics, and biomonitoring of environmental chemicals in pregnant women and the elderly. However, accurate metabolite quantification is hindered by several challenges: notably the "hematocrit effect" and unknown blood-spotting volumes. Different techniques have been employed to overcome these issues but there is no consensus on the optimal normalization method for DBS metabolomics, and in some cases no normalization is used. We compared five normalization methods (hemoglobin (Hb), specific gravity (SG), protein, spot weight, potassium (K+)) to unnormalized data, and assessed sex-related differences in the DBS metabolome in 21 adults (group 1, n = 10 males, n = 11 females). The performance of each normalization method was evaluated using multiple criteria: (a) reduction of intragroup variation (pooled median absolute deviation, pooled estimate of variance, pooled coefficient of variation, NMDS and principal component analysis), (b) effect on differential metabolic analysis (dendrogram, heatmap, p-value distribution), and (c) influence on classification accuracy (partial least squares discriminant analysis, sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis error rates, receiver operating curve, random forest out of bag error rate). Our results revealed that Hb normalization outperformed all the other methods based on the three criteria and 13 different parameters; the performance of Hb was further demonstrated in an independent group of DBS from 18 neonates (group 2, n = 9 males, n = 9 females). Furthermore, we showed that SG and Hb are correlated in adults (rs = 0.86, p < 0.001), and validated this relationship in an independent group of 18 neonates and infants (group 3) (rs = 0.84, p < 0.001). Using the equation, SG = -0.4814Hb2 + 2.44Hb + 0.005, SG can be used as a surrogate for normalization by Hb. This is the first comparative study to concurrently evaluate multiple normalization methods for DBS metabolomics which will serve as a robust methodological platform for future environmental epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Jain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Montana Morris
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Elizabeth Z Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sajid A Khan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.
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20
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Bruzzone C, Conde R, Embade N, Mato JM, Millet O. Metabolomics as a powerful tool for diagnostic, pronostic and drug intervention analysis in COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1111482. [PMID: 36876049 PMCID: PMC9975567 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 currently represents one of the major health challenges worldwide. Albeit its infectious character, with onset affectation mainly at the respiratory track, it is clear that the pathophysiology of COVID-19 has a systemic character, ultimately affecting many organs. This feature enables the possibility of investigating SARS-CoV-2 infection using multi-omic techniques, including metabolomic studies by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Here we review the extensive literature on metabolomics in COVID-19, that unraveled many aspects of the disease including: a characteristic metabotipic signature associated to COVID-19, discrimination of patients according to severity, effect of drugs and vaccination treatments and the characterization of the natural history of the metabolic evolution associated to the disease, from the infection onset to full recovery or long-term and long sequelae of COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bruzzone
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Conde
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nieves Embade
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José M Mato
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Soares NC, Mohamed HA, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Alsayed HAH, Al-Hroub H, Salameh L, Osman RS, Mahboub B, Hamid Q, Semreen MH, Halwani R. Saliva metabolomic profile of COVID-19 patients associates with disease severity. Metabolomics 2022; 18:81. [PMID: 36271948 PMCID: PMC9589589 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly linked to dysregulation of various molecular, cellular, and physiological processes that change abundance of different biomolecules including metabolites that may be ultimately used as biomarkers for disease progression and severity. It is important at early stage to readily distinguish those patients that are likely to progress to moderate and severe stages. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the utility of saliva and plasma metabolomic profiles as a potential parameter for risk stratifying COVID-19 patients. METHOD LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics were used to profile the changes in saliva and plasma metabolomic profiles of COVID-19 patients with different severities. RESULTS Saliva and plasma metabolites were screened in 62 COVID-19 patients and 18 non-infected controls. The COVID-19 group included 16 severe, 15 moderate, 16 mild, and 15 asymptomatic cases. Thirty-six differential metabolites were detected in COVID-19 versus control comparisons. SARS-CoV-2 induced metabolic derangement differed with infection severity. The metabolic changes were identified in saliva and plasma, however, saliva showed higher intensity of metabolic changes. Levels of saliva metabolites such as sphingosine and kynurenine were significantly different between COVID-19 infected and non-infected individuals; while linoleic acid and Alpha-ketoisovaleric acid were specifically increased in severe compared to non-severe patients. As expected, the two prognostic biomarkers of C-reactive protein and D-dimer were negatively correlated with sphingosine and 5-Aminolevulinic acid, and positively correlated with L-Tryptophan and L-Kynurenine. CONCLUSION Saliva disease-specific and severity-specific metabolite could be employed as potential COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Nelson Cruz Soares
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hajer A. Mohamed
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | - Hamza Al-Hroub
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Laila Salameh
- grid.414167.10000 0004 1757 0894Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rufaida Satti Osman
- grid.414167.10000 0004 1757 0894Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- grid.414167.10000 0004 1757 0894Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rabih Halwani
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Occelli C, Guigonis JM, Lindenthal S, Cagnard A, Graslin F, Brglez V, Seitz-Polski B, Dellamonica J, Levraut J, Pourcher T. Untargeted plasma metabolomic fingerprinting highlights several biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronavirus disease 19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:995069. [PMID: 36250098 PMCID: PMC9556858 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.995069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has been a serious worldwide public health crisis since 2020 and is still challenging healthcare systems. New tools for the prognosis and diagnosis of COVID-19 patients remain important issues.DesignHere, we studied the metabolome of plasma samples of COVID-19 patients for the identification of prognosis biomarkers.PatientsPlasma samples of eighty-six SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects and 24 healthy controls were collected during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in France in 2020.Main resultsPlasma metabolome fingerprinting allowed the successful discrimination of healthy controls, mild SARS-CoV-2 subjects, and moderate and severe COVID-19 patients at hospital admission. We found a strong effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the plasma metabolome in mild cases. Our results revealed that plasma lipids and alterations in their saturation level are important biomarkers for the detection of the infection. We also identified deoxy-fructosyl-amino acids as new putative plasma biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Finally, our results highlight a key role for plasma levels of tryptophan and kynurenine in the symptoms of COVID-19 patients.ConclusionOur results showed that plasma metabolome profiling is an efficient tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Occelli
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur, School of Medicine, Nice, France
- Department of Emergency, University Hospital, Nice, France
- School of Medicine, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Marie Guigonis
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur, School of Medicine, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Lindenthal
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur, School of Medicine, Nice, France
| | - Alexandre Cagnard
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur, School of Medicine, Nice, France
| | - Fanny Graslin
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur, School of Medicine, Nice, France
| | - Vesna Brglez
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur (UR2CA), Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Barbara Seitz-Polski
- School of Medicine, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur (UR2CA), Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Jean Dellamonica
- School of Medicine, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur (UR2CA), Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Levraut
- Department of Emergency, University Hospital, Nice, France
- School of Medicine, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Thierry Pourcher
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Côte d’Azur, School of Medicine, Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Thierry Pourcher,
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23
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Sparks R, Lau WW, Liu C, Han KL, Vrindten KL, Sun G, Cox M, Andrews SF, Bansal N, Failla LE, Manischewitz J, Grubbs G, King LR, Koroleva G, Leimenstoll S, Snow L, Chen J, Tang J, Mukherjee A, Sellers BA, Apps R, McDermott AB, Martins AJ, Bloch EM, Golding H, Khurana S, Tsang JS. Influenza vaccination and single cell multiomics reveal sex dimorphic immune imprints of prior mild COVID-19. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.02.17.22271138. [PMID: 35233581 PMCID: PMC8887138 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.17.22271138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections can have profound and durable functional impacts on the immune system. There is an urgent need to characterize the long-term immune effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection given the persistence of symptoms in some individuals and the continued threat of novel variants. Here we use systems immunology, including longitudinal multimodal single cell analysis (surface proteins, transcriptome, and V(D)J sequences) from 33 previously healthy individuals after recovery from mild, non-hospitalized COVID-19 and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with no history of COVID-19 to comparatively assess the post-infection immune status (mean: 151 days after diagnosis) and subsequent innate and adaptive responses to seasonal influenza vaccination. Identification of both sex-specific and -independent temporally stable changes, including signatures of T-cell activation and repression of innate defense/immune receptor genes (e.g., Toll-like receptors) in monocytes, suggest that mild COVID-19 can establish new post-recovery immunological set-points. COVID-19-recovered males had higher innate, influenza-specific plasmablast, and antibody responses after vaccination compared to healthy males and COVID-19-recovered females, partly attributable to elevated pre-vaccination frequencies of a GPR56 expressing CD8+ T-cell subset in male recoverees that are "poised" to produce higher levels of IFNγ upon inflammatory stimulation. Intriguingly, by day 1 post-vaccination in COVID-19-recovered subjects, the expression of the repressed genes in monocytes increased and moved towards the pre-vaccination baseline of healthy controls, suggesting that the acute inflammation induced by vaccination could partly reset the immune states established by mild COVID-19. Our study reveals sex-dimorphic immune imprints and in vivo functional impacts of mild COVID-19 in humans, suggesting that prior COVID-19, and possibly respiratory viral infections in general, could change future responses to vaccination and in turn, vaccines could help reset the immune system after COVID-19, both in an antigen-agnostic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sparks
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - William W. Lau
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Can Liu
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Kyu Lee Han
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kiera L. Vrindten
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guangping Sun
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Milann Cox
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Neha Bansal
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E. Failla
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jody Manischewitz
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gabrielle Grubbs
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R. King
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Galina Koroleva
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - LaQuita Snow
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jinguo Chen
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juanjie Tang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Apps
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrew J. Martins
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evan M. Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - John S. Tsang
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Correspondence:
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24
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Wang T, Cao Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Man CH, Yang Y, Chen L, Xu S, Yan X, Zheng Q, Wang YP. COVID-19 metabolism: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e157. [PMID: 35958432 PMCID: PMC9363584 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) dysregulates antiviral signaling, immune response, and cell metabolism in human body. Viral genome and proteins hijack host metabolic network to support viral biogenesis and propagation. However, the regulatory mechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced metabolic dysfunction has not been elucidated until recently. Multiomic studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) revealed an intensive interaction between host metabolic regulators and viral proteins. SARS‐CoV‐2 deregulated cellular metabolism in blood, intestine, liver, pancreas, fat, and immune cells. Host metabolism supported almost every stage of viral lifecycle. Strikingly, viral proteins were found to interact with metabolic enzymes in different cellular compartments. Biochemical and genetic assays also identified key regulatory nodes and metabolic dependencies of viral replication. Of note, cholesterol metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism are broadly involved in viral lifecycle. Here, we summarized the current understanding of the hallmarks of COVID‐19 metabolism. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remodels host cell metabolism, which in turn modulates viral biogenesis and replication. Remodeling of host metabolism creates metabolic vulnerability of SARS‐CoV‐2 replication, which could be explored to uncover new therapeutic targets. The efficacy of metabolic inhibitors against COVID‐19 is under investigation in several clinical trials. Ultimately, the knowledge of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced metabolic reprogramming would accelerate drug repurposing or screening to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Bai Jia Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology Cancer Institute and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism Ministry of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Cheuk Him Man
- Division of Hematology Department of Medicine University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University National Center for Neurological Disorders Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery Shanghai China
| | - Shuangnian Xu
- Department of Hematology Southwest Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Center for Single-Cell Omics School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology Cancer Institute and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism Ministry of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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25
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Molinero M, Gómez S, Benítez ID, Vengoechea JJ, González J, Polanco D, Gort-Paniello C, Moncusí-Moix A, García-Hidalgo MC, Perez-Pons M, Belmonte T, Torres G, Caballero J, Barberà C, Ayestarán Rota JI, Socías Crespí L, Ceccato A, Fernández-Barat L, Ferrer R, Garcia-Gasulla D, Lorente-Balanza JÁ, Menéndez R, Motos A, Peñuelas O, Riera J, Torres A, Barbé F, de Gonzalo-Calvo D. Multiplex protein profiling of bronchial aspirates reveals disease-, mortality- and respiratory sequelae-associated signatures in critically ill patients with ARDS secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942443. [PMID: 35967328 PMCID: PMC9373836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bronchial aspirates (BAS) obtained during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) constitutes a useful tool for molecular phenotyping and decision making. Aim To identify the proteomic determinants associated with disease pathogenesis, all-cause mortality and respiratory sequelae in BAS samples from critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS. Methods Multicenter study including 74 critically ill patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS. BAS were obtained by bronchoaspiration after IMV initiation. Three hundred sixty-four proteins were quantified using proximity extension assay (PEA) technology. Random forest models were used to assess predictor importance. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, CST5, NADK, SRPK2 and TGF-α were differentially detected in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. In random forest models for COVID-19, CST5, DPP7, NADK, KYAT1 and TYMP showed the highest variable importance. In COVID-19 patients, reduced levels of ENTPD2 and PTN were observed in nonsurvivors of ICU stay, even after adjustment. AGR2, NQO2, IL-1α, OSM and TRAIL showed the strongest associations with in-ICU mortality and were used to construct a protein-based prediction model. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a clear separation in mortality risk between subgroups of PTN, ENTPD2 and the prediction model. Cox regression models supported these findings. In survivors, the levels of FCRL1, NTF4 and THOP1 in BAS samples obtained during the ICU stay correlated with lung function (i.e., DLCO levels) 3 months after hospital discharge. Similarly, Flt3L and THOP1 levels were correlated with radiological features (i.e., TSS). These proteins are expressed in immune and nonimmune lung cells. Poor host response to viral infectivity and an inappropriate reparative mechanism seem to be linked with the pathogenesis of the disease and fatal outcomes, respectively. Conclusion BAS proteomics identified novel factors associated with the pathology of SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS and its adverse outcomes. BAS-based protein testing emerges as a novel tool for risk assessment in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Molinero
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gómez
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván D Benítez
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Vengoechea
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica González
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dinora Polanco
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Clara Gort-Paniello
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Moncusí-Moix
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C García-Hidalgo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Perez-Pons
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thalía Belmonte
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Torres
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Caballero
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carme Barberà
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital Santa María, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Ayestarán Rota
- Intensive Care Unit, Son Espases University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Adrián Ceccato
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Fernández-Barat
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari. SODIR Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jose Ángel Lorente-Balanza
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Menéndez
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pulmonology Service, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Motos
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Peñuelas
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Riera
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari. SODIR Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Barbé
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Giron LB, Peluso MJ, Ding J, Kenny G, Zilberstein NF, Koshy J, Hong KY, Rasmussen H, Miller GE, Bishehsari F, Balk RA, Moy JN, Hoh R, Lu S, Goldman AR, Tang HY, Yee BC, Chenna A, Winslow JW, Petropoulos CJ, Kelly JD, Wasse H, Martin JN, Liu Q, Keshavarzian A, Landay A, Deeks SG, Henrich TJ, Abdel-Mohsen M. Markers of fungal translocation are elevated during post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 and induce NF-κB signaling. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e160989. [PMID: 35727635 PMCID: PMC9462470 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long COVID, a type of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), has been associated with sustained elevated levels of immune activation and inflammation. However, the mechanisms that drive this inflammation remain unknown. Inflammation during acute coronavirus disease 2019 could be exacerbated by microbial translocation (from the gut and/or lung) to blood. Whether microbial translocation contributes to inflammation during PASC is unknown. We did not observe a significant elevation in plasma markers of bacterial translocation during PASC. However, we observed higher levels of fungal translocation - measured as β-glucan, a fungal cell wall polysaccharide - in the plasma of individuals experiencing PASC compared with those without PASC or SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. The higher β-glucan correlated with higher inflammation and elevated levels of host metabolites involved in activating N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (such as metabolites within the tryptophan catabolism pathway) with established neurotoxic properties. Mechanistically, β-glucan can directly induce inflammation by binding to myeloid cells (via Dectin-1) and activating Syk/NF-κB signaling. Using a Dectin-1/NF-κB reporter model, we found that plasma from individuals experiencing PASC induced higher NF-κB signaling compared with plasma from negative controls. This higher NF-κB signaling was abrogated by piceatannol (Syk inhibitor). These data suggest a potential targetable mechanism linking fungal translocation and inflammation during PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianyi Ding
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Grace Kenny
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jane Koshy
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kai Ying Hong
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A. Balk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James N. Moy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Scott Lu
- UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brandon C. Yee
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Labcorp, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ahmed Chenna
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Labcorp, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John W. Winslow
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Labcorp, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Haimanot Wasse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alan Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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27
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Cai C, Wu F, Zhuang B, Ou Q, Peng X, Shi N, Peng L, Li Z, Wang J, Cai S, Tan Y. Empagliflozin activates Wnt/β-catenin to stimulate FUNDC1-dependent mitochondrial quality surveillance against type-3 cardiorenal syndrome. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101553. [PMID: 35863636 PMCID: PMC9372775 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cardiorenal syndrome type-3 (CRS-3) is an abrupt worsening of cardiac function secondary to acute kidney injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological mechanism of CRS-3, and empagliflozin can improve mitochondrial biology by promoting mitophagy. Here, we assessed the effects of empagliflozin on mitochondrial quality surveillance in a mouse model of CRS-3. Methods Cardiomyocyte-specific FUNDC1-knockout (FUNDC1CKO) mice were subjected to CRS-3 prior to assessment of mitochondrial homeostasis in the presence or absence of empagliflozin. Results CRS-3 model mice exhibited lower heart function, increased inflammatory responses and exacerbated myocardial oxidative stress than sham-operated controls; however, empagliflozin attenuated these alterations. Empagliflozin stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential, suppressed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, increased mitochondrial respiratory complex activity and restored the oxygen consumption rate in cardiomyocytes from CRS-3 model mice. Empagliflozin also normalized the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening rate in cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte-specific ablation of FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1) in mice abolished the protective effects of empagliflozin on mitochondrial homeostasis and myocardial performance. Empagliflozin activated β-catenin and promoted its nuclear retention, thus increasing FUNDC1-induced mitophagy in heart tissues; however, a β-catenin inhibitor reversed these effects. Conclusions In summary, empagliflozin activated Wnt/β-catenin to stimulate FUNDC1-dependent mitochondrial quality surveillance, ultimately improving mitochondrial function and cardiac performance during CRS-3. Thus, empagliflozin could be considered for the clinical management of heart function following acute kidney injury. Empagliflozin reduces myocardial damage and improves myocardial function after CRS-3. Empagliflozin normalizes the mitochondrial structure in cardiomyocytes during CRS-3. Empagliflozin attenuates cardiomyocyte mitochondrial dysfunction during CRS-3. Empagliflozin activates FUNDC1-dependent mitophagy and preserves mitochondrial integrity in the heart during CRS-3. Loss of FUNDC1 abolishes the cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin during CRS-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingjie Zhuang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qing Ou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaojie Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Nengxian Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lan Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziying Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China.
| | - Shumin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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28
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Almulla AF, Supasitthumrong T, Tunvirachaisakul C, Algon AAA, Al-Hakeim HK, Maes M. The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and critical COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:615. [PMID: 35840908 PMCID: PMC9284970 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is accompanied by activated immune-inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress, which both induce indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a key enzyme of the tryptophan (TRP) catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway. The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the status of the TRYCAT pathway, including the levels of TRP and kynurenine (KYN) and the activity of IDO, as measured by the ratio of KYN/TRP. Methods This systematic review searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Sciences and included 14 articles that compared TRP and tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) in COVID-19 patients versus non-COVID-19 controls, as well as severe/critical versus mild/moderate COVID-19. The analysis was done on a total of 1269 people, including 794 COVID-19 patients and 475 controls. Results The results show a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the KYN/TRP ratio (standardized mean difference, SMD = 1.099, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.714; 1.484) and KYN (SMD = 1.123, 95% CI: 0.730; 1.516) and significantly lower TRP (SMD = − 1.002, 95%CI: − 1.738; − 0.266) in COVID-19 versus controls. The KYN/TRP ratio (SMD = 0.945, 95%CI: 0.629; 1.262) and KYN (SMD = 0.806, 95%CI: 0.462; 1.149) were also significantly (p < 0.0001) higher and TRP lower (SMD = − 0.909, 95% CI: − 1.569; − 0.249) in severe/critical versus mild/moderate COVID-19. No significant difference was detected in kynurenic acid (KA) and the KA/KYN ratio between COVID-19 patients and controls. Conclusions Our results indicate increased activity of the IDO enzyme in COVID-19 and severe/critical patients. The TRYCAT pathway is implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of COVID-19 and may signal a worsening outcome of the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07582-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas F Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, 31001, Iraq.
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Psychiatry, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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29
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Marchevsky NG, Li G, Aley P, Costa Clemens SA, Barrett JR, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Bibi S, Clutterbuck E, Dold C, Felle S, Flaxman A, Folegatti P, Jenkin D, Gilbert S, Kelly S, Lambe T, Plested E, Ramasamy M, Singh N, Smith H, Taylor S, Weckx L, Pollard AJ, Voysey M. An exploratory analysis of the response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in males and females. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104128. [PMID: 35779491 PMCID: PMC9242842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are known differences in vaccine reactogenicity and immunogenicity by sex. Females have been shown to report greater reactogenicity and generate higher humoral and cellular immune responses than males following vaccination with several different vaccines. Whether this is also the case for COVID-19 vaccines is currently unknown, as COVID-19 vaccine study data disaggregated by sex are not routinely reported. Therefore, we have assessed the influence of sex on reactogenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. METHODS Vaccine efficacy was assessed in 15169 volunteers enrolled into single-blind randomised controlled trials of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in Brazil and the UK, with the primary endpoint defined as nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-positive symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. All participants were electronically randomised to receive two standard doses of vaccine or the control product. Logistic regression models were fitted to explore the effect of age and sex on reactogenicity, and linear models fitted to log-transformed values for immunogenicity data. Reactogenicity data were taken from self-reported diaries of 788 trial participants. Pseudovirus neutralisation assay data were available from 748 participants and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG assay data from 1543 participants. FINDINGS 7619 participants received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 7550 received the control. Vaccine efficacy in participants after two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (4243 females and 3376 males) was 66.1% (95% CI 55.9-73.9%) in males and 59.9% (95% CI 49.8-67.9%) in females; with no evidence of a difference in efficacy between the sexes (vaccine by sex interaction term P=0.3359). A small, statistically significant difference in anti-spike IgG was observed (adjusted GMR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04-1.26), with higher titres in females than males, but there were no statistically significant differences in other immunological endpoints. Whilst the majority of individuals reported at least one systemic reaction following a first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, females were twice as likely as males to report any systemic reaction after a first dose (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.37-2.77). Measured fever of 38°C or above was reported in 5% of females and 1% of males following first doses. Headache and fatigue were the most commonly reported reactions in both sexes. INTERPRETATION Our results show that there is no evidence of difference in efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in males and females. Greater reactogenicity in females was not associated with any difference in vaccine efficacy. FUNDING Studies were registered with ISRCTN 90906759 (COV002) and ISRCTN 89951424 (COV003) and follow-up is ongoing. Funding was received from the UK Research and Innovation, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Science, Thames Valley and South Midlands NIHR Clinical Research Network, the Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, the Brava and Telles Foundation, the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil, and AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace Li
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Parvinder Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally Felle
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Flaxman
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK and Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Plested
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maheshi Ramasamy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nisha Singh
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holly Smith
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Taylor
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Lily Weckx
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew John Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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30
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Dewulf JP, Martin M, Marie S, Oguz F, Belkhir L, De Greef J, Yombi JC, Wittebole X, Laterre PF, Jadoul M, Gatto L, Bommer GT, Morelle J. Urine metabolomics links dysregulation of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway to inflammation and severity of COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9959. [PMID: 35705608 PMCID: PMC9198612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes major disturbances in serum metabolite levels, associated with severity of the immune response. Despite the numerous advantages of urine for biomarker discovery, the potential association between urine metabolites and disease severity has not been investigated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In a proof-of-concept study, we performed quantitative urine metabolomics in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and controls using LC-MS/MS. We assessed whether metabolites alterations were associated with COVID-19, disease severity, and inflammation. The study included 56 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (26 non-critical and 30 critical disease); 16 healthy controls; and 3 controls with proximal tubule dysfunction unrelated to SARS-CoV-2. Metabolomic profiling revealed a major urinary increase of tryptophan metabolites kynurenine (P < 0.001), 3-hydroxykynurenine (P < 0.001) and 3-hydroxyanthranilate (P < 0.001) in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Urine levels of kynurenines were associated with disease severity and systemic inflammation (kynurenine, r 0.43, P = 0.001; 3-hydroxykynurenine, r 0.44, P < 0.001). Increased urinary levels of neutral amino acids and imino acid proline were also common in COVID-19, suggesting specific transport defects. Urine metabolomics identified major alterations in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, consistent with changes in host metabolism during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The association between increased urinary levels of kynurenines, inflammation and COVID-19 severity supports further evaluation of these easily available biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Dewulf
- Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Diseases/Biochemical Genetics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. .,Biochemistry, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Manon Martin
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit (CBIO), de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Marie
- Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Diseases/Biochemical Genetics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabie Oguz
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leila Belkhir
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien De Greef
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean Cyr Yombi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Wittebole
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre-François Laterre
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Jadoul
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gatto
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit (CBIO), de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guido T Bommer
- Biochemistry, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johann Morelle
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. .,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Unbalanced IDO1/IDO2 Endothelial Expression and Skewed Keynurenine Pathway in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061332. [PMID: 35740354 PMCID: PMC9220124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense investigation, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the newly defined long COVID-19 syndrome are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has been provided of metabolic alterations characterizing this group of disorders, with particular relevance of an activated tryptophan/kynurenine pathway as described in this review. Recent histological studies have documented that, in COVID-19 patients, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzymes are differentially expressed in the pulmonary blood vessels, i.e., IDO1 prevails in early/mild pneumonia and in lung tissues from patients suffering from long COVID-19, whereas IDO2 is predominant in severe/fatal cases. We hypothesize that IDO1 is necessary for a correct control of the vascular tone of pulmonary vessels, and its deficiency in COVID-19 might be related to the syndrome’s evolution toward vascular dysfunction. The complexity of this scenario is discussed in light of possible therapeutic manipulations of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndromes.
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Sex differences in global metabolomic profiles of COVID-19 patients. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:461. [PMID: 35568706 PMCID: PMC9106988 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, leads to symptoms ranging from asymptomatic disease to death. Although males are more susceptible to severe symptoms and higher mortality due to COVID-19, patient sex has rarely been examined. Sex-associated metabolic changes may implicate novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat COVID-19. Here, using serum samples, we performed global metabolomic analyses of uninfected and SARS-CoV-2-positive male and female patients with severe COVID-19. Key metabolic pathways that demonstrated robust sex differences in COVID-19 groups, but not in controls, involved lipid metabolism, pentose pathway, bile acid metabolism, and microbiome-related metabolism of aromatic amino acids, including tryptophan and tyrosine. Unsupervised statistical analysis showed a profound sexual dimorphism in correlations between patient-specific clinical parameters and their global metabolic profiles. Identification of sex-specific metabolic changes in severe COVID-19 patients is an important knowledge source for researchers striving for development of potential sex-associated biomarkers and druggable targets for COVID-19 patients.
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Takeshita H, Yamamoto K. Tryptophan Metabolism and COVID-19-Induced Skeletal Muscle Damage: Is ACE2 a Key Regulator? Front Nutr 2022; 9:868845. [PMID: 35463998 PMCID: PMC9028463 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by systemic damage to organs, including skeletal muscle, due to excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Clinical studies have suggested that the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism is selectively enhanced in patients with severe COVID-19. In addition to acting as a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative virus of COVID-19, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) contributes to tryptophan absorption and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. In this article, we review previous studies to assess the potential for a link between tryptophan metabolism, ACE2, and skeletal muscle damage in patients with COVID-19.
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Eraslan B, Brown E, Benson M, Amir-Zilberstein L, Park SM, Tusi B, Pokatayev V, Hecht C, Pishesha N, Phillips D, Kim A, Zhang S, Gaca A, Ghantous F, Delorey T, Livny J, Baden L, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Graham D, Regev A, Seaman M, Woolley A, Cosimi L, Hung D, Deguine J, Xavier R. Functional analyses and single cell immunoprofiling uncover sex-specific differences in SARS-CoV2 immune memory development. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-1416969. [PMID: 35313592 PMCID: PMC8936123 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1416969/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a broad range of outcomes and immune responses, with the development of neutralizing antibodies generally correlated with protection against reinfection. Here, we have characterized both neutralizing activity and T cell responses in a cluster of subjects with mild disease linked to a single spreading event. Surprisingly, we observed sex-specific associations between spike- and particularly nucleoprotein-specific T cell responses and neutralization, with pro-inflammatory cytokines being linked to higher titers only in males. Using single cell immunoprofiling, which provided matched transcriptome and T-cell receptor (TCR) profiles in restimulated CD4 + and CD8 + cells from these subjects, we identified differences in type I IFN signaling that may underlie this difference in antibody generation. Finally, we also identified several TCRs associated with cytokine producing T cells. Altogether, our work maps the breadth of immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV2 infections and highlight the potential role of sex-specific feedback loops during the generation of neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sung-Moo Park
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan Livny
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
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35
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Eraslan B, Brown E, Benson M, Amir-Zilberstein L, Park SM, Tusi B, Pokatayev V, Hecht C, Pishesha N, Phillips D, Kim A, Zhang S, Gaca A, Ghantous F, Delorey T, Livny J, Baden L, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Graham D, Regev A, Seaman M, Woolley A, Cosimi L, Hung D, Deguine J, Xavier R. Functional analyses and single cell immunoprofiling uncover sex-specific differences in SARS-CoV2 immune memory development. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022. [PMID: 35313592 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2375264/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a broad range of outcomes and immune responses, with the development of neutralizing antibodies generally correlated with protection against reinfection. Here, we have characterized both neutralizing activity and T cell responses in a cluster of subjects with mild disease linked to a single spreading event. Surprisingly, we observed sex-specific associations between spike- and particularly nucleoprotein-specific T cell responses and neutralization, with pro-inflammatory cytokines being linked to higher titers only in males. Using single cell immunoprofiling, which provided matched transcriptome and T-cell receptor (TCR) profiles in restimulated CD4 + and CD8 + cells from these subjects, we identified differences in type I IFN signaling that may underlie this difference in antibody generation. Finally, we also identified several TCRs associated with cytokine producing T cells. Altogether, our work maps the breadth of immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV2 infections and highlight the potential role of sex-specific feedback loops during the generation of neutralizing antibodies.
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36
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Masuda R, Lodge S, Whiley L, Gray N, Lawler N, Nitschke P, Bong SH, Kimhofer T, Loo RL, Boughton B, Zeng AX, Hall D, Schaefer H, Spraul M, Dwivedi G, Yeap BB, Diercks T, Bernardo-Seisdedos G, Mato JM, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Millet O, Wist J, Nicholson JK. Exploration of Human Serum Lipoprotein Supramolecular Phospholipids Using Statistical Heterospectroscopy in n-Dimensions (SHY- n): Identification of Potential Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4426-4436. [PMID: 35230805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a significant reduction in lipoprotein-bound serum phospholipids give rise to supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC) signals observed in diffusion and relaxation edited 1H NMR spectra. To characterize the chemical structural components and compartmental location of SPC and to understand further its possible diagnostic properties, we applied a Statistical HeterospectroscopY in n-dimensions (SHY-n) approach. This involved statistically linking a series of orthogonal measurements made on the same samples, using independent analytical techniques and instruments, to identify the major individual phospholipid components giving rise to the SPC signals. Thus, an integrated model for SARS-CoV-2 positive and control adults is presented that relates three identified diagnostic subregions of the SPC signal envelope (SPC1, SPC2, and SPC3) generated using diffusion and relaxation edited (DIRE) NMR spectroscopy to lipoprotein and lipid measurements obtained by in vitro diagnostic NMR spectroscopy and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The SPC signals were then correlated sequentially with (a) total phospholipids in lipoprotein subfractions; (b) apolipoproteins B100, A1, and A2 in different lipoproteins and subcompartments; and (c) MS-measured total serum phosphatidylcholines present in the NMR detection range (i.e., PCs: 16.0,18.2; 18.0,18.1; 18.2,18.2; 16.0,18.1; 16.0,20.4; 18.0,18.2; 18.1,18.2), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs: 16.0 and 18.2), and sphingomyelin (SM 22.1). The SPC3/SPC2 ratio correlated strongly (r = 0.86) with the apolipoprotein B100/A1 ratio, a well-established marker of cardiovascular disease risk that is markedly elevated during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data indicate the considerable potential of using a serum SPC measurement as a metric of cardiovascular risk based on a single NMR experiment. This is of specific interest in relation to understanding the potential for increased cardiovascular risk in COVID-19 patients and risk persistence in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Masuda
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawler
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philipp Nitschke
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sze-How Bong
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Torben Kimhofer
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ruey Leng Loo
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Berin Boughton
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Annie X Zeng
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Drew Hall
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, Ettlingen 76275, Germany
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ganeko Bernardo-Seisdedos
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - José M Mato
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - John C Lindon
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia.,Chemistry Department, Universidad del Valle, 76001 Cali, Colombia
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute of Global Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, U.K
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de Oliveira JADP, de Athaide MM, Rahman AU, de Mattos Barbosa MG, Jardim MM, Moraes MO, Pinheiro RO. Kynurenines in the Pathogenesis of Peripheral Neuropathy During Leprosy and COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:815738. [PMID: 35281455 PMCID: PMC8907883 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders are associated with the activation of tryptophan (TRYP) catabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP). Several reports have demonstrated the role of KP in the immunopathophysiology of both leprosy and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The nervous system can be affected in infections caused by both Mycobacterium leprae and SARS-CoV-2, but the mechanisms involved in the peripheral neural damage induced by these infectious agents are not fully understood. In recent years KP has received greater attention due the importance of kynurenine metabolites in infectious diseases, immune dysfunction and nervous system disorders. In this review, we discuss how modulation of the KP may aid in controlling the damage to peripheral nerves and the effects of KP activation on neural damage during leprosy or COVID-19 individually and we speculate its role during co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atta Ur Rahman
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Maria Jardim
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Roberta Olmo Pinheiro,
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38
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Reiken S, Sittenfeld L, Dridi H, Liu Y, Liu X, Marks AR. Alzheimer's-like signaling in brains of COVID-19 patients. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:955-965. [PMID: 35112786 PMCID: PMC9011576 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The mechanisms that lead to cognitive impairment associated with COVID‐19 are not well understood. Methods Brain lysates from control and COVID‐19 patients were analyzed for oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling pathway markers, and measurements of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)‐linked signaling biochemistry. Post‐translational modifications of the ryanodine receptor/calcium (Ca2+) release channels (RyR) on the endoplasmic reticuli (ER), known to be linked to AD, were also measured by co‐immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting of the brain lysates. Results We provide evidence linking SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to activation of TGF‐β signaling and oxidative overload. The neuropathological pathways causing tau hyperphosphorylation typically associated with AD were also shown to be activated in COVID‐19 patients. RyR2 in COVID‐19 brains demonstrated a “leaky” phenotype, which can promote cognitive and behavioral defects. Discussion COVID‐19 neuropathology includes AD‐like features and leaky RyR2 channels could be a therapeutic target for amelioration of some cognitive defects associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leah Sittenfeld
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Beggiato S, Ieraci A, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Schwarcz R, Ferraro L. Alterations in rat prefrontal cortex kynurenic acid levels are involved in the enduring cognitive dysfunctions induced by tetrahydrocannabinol exposure during the adolescence. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:996406. [PMID: 36483135 PMCID: PMC9722723 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.996406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis abuse during adolescence is a risk factor for cognitive impairments in psychiatric disorders later in life. To date, the possible causal relationship between cannabinoids, kynurenic acid (KYNA; i.e., a neuroactive metabolite of tryptophan degradation) and cognition has not been investigated in adolescence. Early exposure to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; i.e., the main psychotropic component of cannabis) causes enduring cognitive deficits, which critically involve impaired glutamatergic function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In addition, prenatal cannabis exposure results in enduring increases in PFC KYNA levels. Based on these findings, the effects of chronic THC exposure in rats, during another critical period of neurodevelopment particularly sensitive to perturbation by exogenous stimuli, such as adolescence, have been investigated. METHODS Male Wistar rats were chronically treated with vehicle or ascending intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of THC starting on postnatal day (PND) 35 until PND 45. In adulthood (PND 75), cognitive assessment (Y-maze) and extracellular KYNA/glutamate levels were measured in the PFC by in vivo microdialysis, before and after a challenge with KYN (5 mg/kg i.p., the biological precursor of KYNA). By using the selective, brain-penetrable KAT II inhibitor PF-04859989, we then examined whether blockade of KYNA neosynthesis prevents the cognitive impairment. RESULTS Compared to vehicle-treated controls, extracellular basal KYNA levels were higher in the PFC of adult rats chronically exposed to THC in adolescence (p < 0.01). No changes were observed in extracellular glutamate levels. Following a challenge with KYN, extracellular KYNA levels similarly increased in both groups (i.e., vehicle- and THC-treated; p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Chronic adolescent THC exposure negatively affected short-term memory (reduced spontaneous alternation), in adult animals (p < 0.001), while PF-04859989 (30 mg/kg i.p.) restored the cognitive impairment (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION We propose that the observed alterations in PFC KYNA signaling might be involved in the cognitive dysfunction induced by the exposure to THC during the adolescence. In the translational realm, these experiments raise the prospect of prevention of KYNA neosynthesis as a possible novel approach to counteract some of the detrimental long-term effects of adolescence cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Theoretical and Applied Science, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Robert Schwarcz
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for the Technology of Advanced Therapies (LTTA Centre), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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40
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Genomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiling of severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2. COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC DESIGNING TO MITIGATE SARS-COV-2 INFECTION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9300679 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91172-6.00019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the worst human health problems faced by humanity in recent centuries. An end to this health crisis relies on our ability to monitor viral transmission dynamics to check spread, develop therapeutics and preventatives for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and understand the pathophysiology of the disease for better management of the patients. Omics technologies have played a crucial part in understanding the different aspects of COVID-19 disease. While whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from across the globe has aided in the development of molecular diagnostic assays and informed about the viral evolution, knowledge of structure and function of viral proteome fueled the development of small molecule and biologicals therapeutics as well as vaccines. Concurrently, metabolomic profiling of samples from COVID-19 patients experiencing a varying level of disease severity has provided a snapshot of the pathophysiology of the disease helping device effective treatment regimen. This chapter deals with genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling of SRAS-CoV-2.
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Roberts I, Wright Muelas M, Taylor JM, Davison AS, Xu Y, Grixti JM, Gotts N, Sorokin A, Goodacre R, Kell DB. Untargeted metabolomics of COVID-19 patient serum reveals potential prognostic markers of both severity and outcome. Metabolomics 2021; 18:6. [PMID: 34928464 PMCID: PMC8686810 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diagnosis of COVID-19 is normally based on the qualitative detection of viral nucleic acid sequences. Properties of the host response are not measured but are key in determining outcome. Although metabolic profiles are well suited to capture host state, most metabolomics studies are either underpowered, measure only a restricted subset of metabolites, compare infected individuals against uninfected control cohorts that are not suitably matched, or do not provide a compact predictive model. OBJECTIVES Here we provide a well-powered, untargeted metabolomics assessment of 120 COVID-19 patient samples acquired at hospital admission. The study aims to predict the patient's infection severity (i.e., mild or severe) and potential outcome (i.e., discharged or deceased). METHODS High resolution untargeted UHPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed on patient serum using both positive and negative ionization modes. A subset of 20 intermediary metabolites predictive of severity or outcome were selected based on univariate statistical significance and a multiple predictor Bayesian logistic regression model was created. RESULTS The predictors were selected for their relevant biological function and include deoxycytidine and ureidopropionate (indirectly reflecting viral load), kynurenine (reflecting host inflammatory response), and multiple short chain acylcarnitines (energy metabolism) among others. Currently, this approach predicts outcome and severity with a Monte Carlo cross validated area under the ROC curve of 0.792 (SD 0.09) and 0.793 (SD 0.08), respectively. A blind validation study on an additional 90 patients predicted outcome and severity at ROC AUC of 0.83 (CI 0.74-0.91) and 0.76 (CI 0.67-0.86). CONCLUSION Prognostic tests based on the markers discussed in this paper could allow improvement in the planning of COVID-19 patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivayla Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marina Wright Muelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Joseph M Taylor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew S Davison
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Metabolomics Research (CMR), Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Justine M Grixti
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nigel Gotts
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Metabolomics Research (CMR), Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anatolii Sorokin
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Metabolomics Research (CMR), Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Chemitorvet, 2000, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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Raines NH, Cheung MD, Wilson LS, Edberg JC, Erdmann NB, Schmaier AA, Berryhill TF, Manickas-Hill Z, Li JZ, Yu XG, Agarwal A, Barnes S, Parikh SM. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Biosynthetic Impairment and Urinary Metabolomic Alterations Observed in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19-Related Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:3002-3013. [PMID: 34541422 PMCID: PMC8439094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in COVID-19 and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We investigated alterations in the urine metabolome to test the hypothesis that impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis and other deficiencies in energy metabolism in the kidney, previously characterized in ischemic, toxic, and inflammatory etiologies of AKI, will be present in COVID-19-associated AKI. METHODS This is a case-control study among the following 2 independent populations of adults hospitalized with COVID-19: a critically ill population in Boston, Massachusetts, and a general population in Birmingham, Alabama. The cases had AKI stages 2 or 3 by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria; the controls had no AKI. Metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 14 cases and 14 controls were included from Boston and 8 cases and 10 controls from Birmingham. Increased urinary quinolinate-to-tryptophan ratio (Q/T), found with impaired NAD+ biosynthesis, was present in the cases at each location and pooled across locations (median [interquartile range]: 1.34 [0.59-2.96] in cases, 0.31 [0.13-1.63] in controls, P = 0.0013). Altered energy metabolism and purine metabolism contributed to a distinct urinary metabolomic signature that differentiated patients with and without AKI (supervised random forest class error: 2 of 28 in Boston, 0 of 18 in Birmingham). CONCLUSION Urinary metabolites spanning multiple biochemical pathways differentiate AKI versus non-AKI in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and suggest a conserved impairment in NAD+ biosynthesis, which may present a novel therapeutic target to mitigate COVID-19-associated AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H. Raines
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew D. Cheung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Landon S. Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Edberg
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nathaniel B. Erdmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alec A. Schmaier
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor F. Berryhill
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zachary Manickas-Hill
- Ragon Institute of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xu G. Yu
- Ragon Institute of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samir M. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Celaya-Padilla JM, Villagrana-Bañuelos KE, Oropeza-Valdez JJ, Monárrez-Espino J, Castañeda-Delgado JE, Oostdam ASHV, Fernández-Ruiz JC, Ochoa-González F, Borrego JC, Enciso-Moreno JA, López JA, López-Hernández Y, Galván-Tejada CE. Kynurenine and Hemoglobin as Sex-Specific Variables in COVID-19 Patients: A Machine Learning and Genetic Algorithms Approach. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2197. [PMID: 34943434 PMCID: PMC8700648 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in clinical manifestations, immune response, metabolic alterations, and outcomes (including disease severity and mortality) between men and women with COVID-19 have been reported since the pandemic outbreak, making it necessary to implement sex-specific biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify sex-associated differences in COVID-19 patients by means of a genetic algorithm (GALGO) and machine learning, employing support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) for the data analysis. Both algorithms identified kynurenine and hemoglobin as the most important variables to distinguish between men and women with COVID-19. LR and SVM identified C10:1, cough, and lysoPC a 14:0 to discriminate between men with COVID-19 from men without, with LR being the best model. In the case of women with COVID-19 vs. women without, SVM had a higher performance, and both models identified a higher number of variables, including 10:2, lysoPC a C26:0, lysoPC a C28:0, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, lactic acid, cough, fever, anosmia, and dysgeusia. Our results demonstrate that differences in sexes have implications in the diagnosis and outcome of the disease. Further, genetic and machine learning algorithms are useful tools to predict sex-associated differences in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Celaya-Padilla
- Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juárez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (J.M.C.-P.); (K.E.V.-B.)
| | - Karen E. Villagrana-Bañuelos
- Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juárez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (J.M.C.-P.); (K.E.V.-B.)
| | - Juan José Oropeza-Valdez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (J.J.O.-V.); (J.E.C.-D.); (J.C.F.-R.); (F.O.-G.); (J.A.E.-M.)
| | - Joel Monárrez-Espino
- Department of Health Research, Christus Muguerza del Parque Hospital Chihuahua, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico;
| | - Julio E. Castañeda-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (J.J.O.-V.); (J.E.C.-D.); (J.C.F.-R.); (F.O.-G.); (J.A.E.-M.)
- Cátedras-CONACyT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| | - Ana Sofía Herrera-Van Oostdam
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas Básicas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico;
| | - Julio César Fernández-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (J.J.O.-V.); (J.E.C.-D.); (J.C.F.-R.); (F.O.-G.); (J.A.E.-M.)
| | - Fátima Ochoa-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (J.J.O.-V.); (J.E.C.-D.); (J.C.F.-R.); (F.O.-G.); (J.A.E.-M.)
- Área de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas–Guadalajara kilometro 6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Borrego
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Hospital General de Zona #1 “Emilio Varela Luján”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico;
| | - Jose Antonio Enciso-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (J.J.O.-V.); (J.E.C.-D.); (J.C.F.-R.); (F.O.-G.); (J.A.E.-M.)
| | - Jesús Adrián López
- Laboratorio de MicroRNAs y Cáncer, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico;
| | - Yamilé López-Hernández
- Cátedras-CONACyT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
| | - Carlos E. Galván-Tejada
- Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juárez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (J.M.C.-P.); (K.E.V.-B.)
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Altaie AM, Hamdy R, Venkatachalam T, Hamoudi R, Soliman SSM. Estimating the viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity when complicated with periapical lesions. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:567. [PMID: 34749700 PMCID: PMC8573761 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oral cavity represents a main entrance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are essential for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 to the host cells. Both ACE-2 and NRP-1 receptors and TMPRSS2 have been identified in the oral cavity. However, there is limited knowledge about the impact of periapical lesions and their metabolites on the expression of these critical genes. This study aims to measure the impact of periapical lesions and their unique fatty acids (FAs) metabolites on the expression of the aforementioned genes, in addition to interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene and hence SARS-CoV-2 infection loads can be estimated. Methods Gene expression of ACE-2, NRP-1, TMPRSS2, and IL-6 was performed in periapical lesions in comparison to healthy oral cavity. Since FAs are important immunomodulators required for the lipid synthesis essential for receptors synthesis and viral replication, comparative FAs profiling was determined in oral lesions and healthy pulp tissues using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The effect of major identified and unique FAs was tested on mammalian cells known to express ACE-2, NRP-1, and TMPRSS2 genes. Results Gene expression analysis indicated that ACE-2, NRP-1, and TMPRSS2 were significantly upregulated in healthy clinical samples compared to oral lesions, while the reverse was true with IL-6 gene expression. Saturated and monounsaturated FAs were the major identified shared and unique FAs, respectively. Major shared FAs included palmitic, stearic and myristic acids with the highest percentage in the healthy oral cavity, while unique FAs included 17-octadecynoic acid in periapical abscess, petroselinic acid and l-lactic acid in periapical granuloma, and 1-nonadecene in the radicular cyst. Computational prediction showed that the binding affinity of identified FAs to ACE-2, TMPRSS2 and S protein were insignificant. Further, FA-treated mammalian cells showed significant overexpression of ACE-2, NRP-1 and TMPRSS2 genes except with l-lactic acid and oleic acid caused downregulation of NRP-1 gene, while 17-octadecynoic acid caused insignificant effect. Conclusion Collectively, a healthy oral cavity is more susceptible to viral infection when compared to that complicated with periapical lesions. FAs play important role in viral infection and their balance can affect the viral loads. Shifting the balance towards higher levels of palmitic, stearic and 1-nonadecene caused significant upregulation of the aforementioned genes and hence higher viral loads. On the other hand, there is a reverse correlation between inflammation and expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors. Therefore, a mouth preparation that can reduce the levels of palmitic, stearic and 1-nonadecene, while maintaining an immunomodulatory effect can be employed as a future protection strategy against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rania Hamdy
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
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45
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Kamperi N, Kanara I, Kodukula K, Mavrakis AN, Pernokas J, Pernokas M, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Steliou K, Tamvakopoulos C, Vavvas DG, Zamboni RJ, Sampani K. Pathogenic mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114809. [PMID: 34673016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein we trace links between biochemical pathways, pathogenesis, and metabolic diseases to set the stage for new therapeutic advances. Cellular and acellular microorganisms including bacteria and viruses are primary pathogenic drivers that cause disease. Missing from this statement are subcellular compartments, importantly mitochondria, which can be pathogenic by themselves, also serving as key metabolic disease intermediaries. The breakdown of food molecules provides chemical energy to power cellular processes, with mitochondria as powerhouses and ATP as the principal energy carrying molecule. Most animal cell ATP is produced by mitochondrial synthase; its central role in metabolism has been known for >80 years. Metabolic disorders involving many organ systems are prevalent in all age groups. Progressive pathogenic mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of genetic mitochondrial diseases, the most common phenotypic expression of inherited metabolic disorders. Confluent genetic, metabolic, and mitochondrial axes surface in diabetes, heart failure, neurodegenerative disease, and even in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioannis P Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David N Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalia Kamperi
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Anastasios N Mavrakis
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Mark Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Whitney R Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, MA, USA
| | - Constantin Tamvakopoulos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Zamboni
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Tan LY, Komarasamy TV, RMT Balasubramaniam V. Hyperinflammatory Immune Response and COVID-19: A Double Edged Sword. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742941. [PMID: 34659238 PMCID: PMC8515020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) elicited by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused devastating health, economic and social impact worldwide. Its clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic to respiratory failure and multi-organ failure or death. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is attributed to a complex interplay between virus and host immune response. It involves activation of multiple inflammatory pathways leading to hyperinflammation and cytokine storm, resulting in tissue damage, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. Accumulating evidence has raised concern over the long-term health effects of COVID-19. Importantly, the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may have devastating consequences in the brain. This review provides a conceptual framework on how the virus tricks the host immune system to induce infection and cause severe disease. We also explore the key differences between mild and severe COVID-19 and its short- and long-term effects, particularly on the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin Tan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia
| | - Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Vinod RMT Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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47
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Courtin E, Vineis P. COVID-19 as a Syndemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:763830. [PMID: 34568273 PMCID: PMC8459739 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.763830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Courtin
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Arnsten AFT, Condon EM, Dettmer AM, Gee DG, Lee KS, Mayes LC, Stover CS, Tseng WL. The prefrontal cortex in a pandemic: Restoring functions with system-, family-, and individual-focused interventions. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021; 76:729-743. [PMID: 33983754 PMCID: PMC8589866 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unanticipated and uncontrollable chronic stressor that is detrimental to the mental and behavioral health of children and families, particularly those from disadvantaged and marginalized backgrounds. Chronic stress impairs a myriad of prefrontal cortical functions, important for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, and has consequences on dyadic parent-child functioning. Informed by neuroscience and clinical evidence, sensitive parenting is a vital avenue of intervention that buffers against the toxic effects of COVID-19 on parent-child mental health. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we first discuss the neurobiological, psychological, and behavioral mechanisms behind exacerbated mental health risks in families. We then highlight the role of sensitive parenting as a buffer against stress-related mental health problems, and conclude with recommendations for systemic-, family-, and individual-interventions to most effectively address stress-related mental health problems and their impact on children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F. T. Arnsten
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Ka Shu Lee
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families
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D'Alessandro A, Akpan I, Thomas T, Reisz J, Cendali F, Gamboni F, Nemkov T, Thangaraju K, Katneni U, Tanaka K, Kahn S, Wei A, Valk J, Hudson K, Roh D, Moriconi C, Zimring J, Hod E, Spitalnik S, Buehler P, Francis R. Biological and Clinical Factors contributing to the Metabolic Heterogeneity of Hospitalized Patients with and without COVID-19. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-480167. [PMID: 34013258 PMCID: PMC8132252 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-480167/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents an ongoing worldwide challenge. Exploratory studies evaluating the impact of COVID-19 infection on the plasma metabolome have been performed, often with small numbers of patients, and with or without relevant control data; however, determining the impact of biological and clinical variables remains critical to understanding potential markers of disease severity and progression. The present large study, including relevant controls, sought to understand independent and overlapping metabolic features of samples from acutely ill patients (n = 831), testing positive (n = 543) or negative (n = 288) for COVID-19. High-throughput metabolomics analyses were complemented with antigen and enzymatic activity assays on 831 plasma samples from acutely ill patients while in the emergency department, at admission, and during hospitalization. We then performed additional lipidomics analyses of the 60 subjects with the lowest and highest body mass index, either COVID-19 positive or negative. Omics data were correlated to detailed data on patient characteristics and clinical laboratory assays measuring coagulation, hematology and chemistry analytes. Significant changes in arginine/proline/citrulline, tryptophan/indole/kynurenine, fatty acid and acyl-carnitine metabolism emerged as highly relevant markers of disease severity, progression and prognosis as a function of biological and clinical variables in these patients. Further, machine learning models were trained by entering all metabolomics and clinical data from half of the COVID-19 patient cohort and then tested on the other half yielding ~ 78% prediction accuracy. Finally, the extensive amount of information accumulated in this large, prospective, observational study provides a foundation for follow-up mechanistic studies and data sharing opportunities, which will advance our understanding of the characteristics of the plasma metabolism in COVID-19 and other acute critical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imo Akpan
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacob Valk
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center
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