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Hamza H, Ghosh M, Löffler MW, Rammensee HG, Planz O. Identification and relative abundance of naturally presented and cross-reactive influenza A virus MHC class I-restricted T cell epitopes. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2306959. [PMID: 38240239 PMCID: PMC10854457 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2306959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are key for controlling viral infection. Unravelling CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity to distinct influenza virus strains and subtypes across prominent HLA types is relevant for combating seasonal infections and emerging new variants. Using an immunopeptidomics approach, naturally presented influenza A virus-derived ligands restricted to HLA-A*24:02, HLA-A*68:01, HLA-B*07:02, and HLA-B*51:01 molecules were identified. Functional characterization revealed multifunctional memory CD8+ T cell responses for nine out of sixteen peptides. Peptide presentation kinetics was optimal around 12 h post infection and presentation of immunodominant epitopes shortly after infection was not always persistent. Assessment of immunogenic epitopes revealed that they are highly conserved across the major zoonotic reservoirs and may contain a single substitution in the vicinity of the anchor residues. These findings demonstrate how the identified epitopes promote T cell pools, possibly cross-protective in individuals and can be potential targets for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Hamza
- Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Virology Laboratory, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Michael Ghosh
- Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus W Löffler
- Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence CMFI (EXC2124) "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Planz
- Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Cohen CA, Leung NHL, Kaewpreedee P, Lee KWK, Jia JZ, Cheung AWL, Cheng SMS, Mori M, Ip DKM, Poon LLM, Peiris JSM, Cowling BJ, Valkenburg SA. Antibody Fc receptor binding and T cell responses to homologous and heterologous immunization with inactivated or mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7358. [PMID: 39191745 PMCID: PMC11350167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole virion inactivated vaccine CoronaVac (C) and Spike (S) mRNA BNT162b2 (B) vaccines differ greatly in their ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies but have somewhat comparable effectiveness in protecting from severe COVID-19. We conducted further analyses for a randomized trial (Cobovax study, NCT05057169) of third dose homologous and heterologous booster vaccination, i.e. four interventions CC-C, CC-B, BB-C and BB-B. Here, we assess vaccine immunogenicity beyond neutralizing function, including S and non-S antibodies with Fc receptor (FcR) binding, antibody avidity and T cell specificity to 6 months post-vaccination. Ancestral and Omicron S-specific IgG and FcR binding are significantly higher by BNT162b2 booster than CoronaVac, regardless of first doses. Nucleocapsid (N) antibodies are only increased in homologous boosted CoronaVac participants (CC-C). CoronaVac primed participants have lower baseline S-specific CD4+ IFNγ+ cells, but are significantly increased by either CoronaVac or BNT162b2 boosters. Priming vaccine content defined T cell peptide specificity preference, with S-specific T cells dominating B primed groups and non-S structural peptides contributing more in C primed groups, regardless of booster type. S-specific CD4+ T cell responses, N-specific antibodies, and antibody effector functions via Fc receptor binding may contribute to protection and compensate for less potent neutralizing responses in CoronaVac recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Cohen
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nancy H L Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prathanporn Kaewpreedee
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelly W K Lee
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Janice Zhirong Jia
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Alan W L Cheung
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Samuel M S Cheng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Dennis K M Ip
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Bugybayeva D, Dumkliang E, Patil V, Yadagiri G, Suresh R, Singh M, Schrock J, Dolatyabi S, Shekoni OC, Yassine HM, Opanasopit P, HogenEsch H, Renukaradhya GJ. Evaluation of Efficacy of Surface Coated versus Encapsulated Influenza Antigens in Mannose-Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Intranasal Vaccine in Swine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:647. [PMID: 38932376 PMCID: PMC11209417 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the development and characterization of an intranasal vaccine platform using adjuvanted nanoparticulate delivery of swine influenza A virus (SwIAV). The vaccine employed whole inactivated H1N2 SwIAV as an antigen and STING-agonist ADU-S100 as an adjuvant, with both surface adsorbed or encapsulated in mannose-chitosan nanoparticles (mChit-NPs). Optimization of mChit-NPs included evaluating size, zeta potential, and cytotoxicity, with a 1:9 mass ratio of antigen to NP demonstrating high loading efficacy and non-cytotoxic properties suitable for intranasal vaccination. In a heterologous H1N1 pig challenge trial, the mChit-NP intranasal vaccine induced cross-reactive sIgA antibodies in the respiratory tract, surpassing those of a commercial SwIAV vaccine. The encapsulated mChit-NP vaccine induced high virus-specific neutralizing antibody and robust cellular immune responses, while the adsorbed vaccine elicited specific high IgG and hemagglutinin inhibition antibodies. Importantly, both the mChit-NP vaccines reduced challenge heterologous viral replication in the nasal cavity higher than commercial swine influenza vaccine. In summary, a novel intranasal mChit-NP vaccine platform activated both the arms of the immune system and is a significant advancement in swine influenza vaccine design, demonstrating its potential effectiveness for pig immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Bugybayeva
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.B.); (E.D.); (V.P.); (G.Y.); (R.S.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Ekachai Dumkliang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.B.); (E.D.); (V.P.); (G.Y.); (R.S.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (O.C.S.)
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center (DDSEC), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.B.); (E.D.); (V.P.); (G.Y.); (R.S.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Ganesh Yadagiri
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.B.); (E.D.); (V.P.); (G.Y.); (R.S.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Raksha Suresh
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.B.); (E.D.); (V.P.); (G.Y.); (R.S.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.B.); (E.D.); (V.P.); (G.Y.); (R.S.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.B.); (E.D.); (V.P.); (G.Y.); (R.S.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Sara Dolatyabi
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.B.); (E.D.); (V.P.); (G.Y.); (R.S.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Olaitan C. Shekoni
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.B.); (E.D.); (V.P.); (G.Y.); (R.S.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.B.); (E.D.); (V.P.); (G.Y.); (R.S.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (O.C.S.)
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Mosmann TR, Rebhahn JA, De Rosa SC, Keefer MC, McElrath MJ, Rouphael NG, Pantaleo G, Gilbert PB, Corey L, Kobie JJ, Thakar J. SWIFT clustering analysis of intracellular cytokine staining flow cytometry data of the HVTN 105 vaccine trial reveals high frequencies of HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses and associations with humoral responses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347926. [PMID: 38903517 PMCID: PMC11187089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The HVTN 105 vaccine clinical trial tested four combinations of two immunogens - the DNA vaccine DNA-HIV-PT123, and the protein vaccine AIDSVAX B/E. All combinations induced substantial antibody and CD4+ T cell responses in many participants. We have now re-examined the intracellular cytokine staining flow cytometry data using the high-resolution SWIFT clustering algorithm, which is very effective for enumerating rare populations such as antigen-responsive T cells, and also determined correlations between the antibody and T cell responses. Methods Flow cytometry samples across all the analysis batches were registered using the swiftReg registration tool, which reduces batch variation without compromising biological variation. Registered data were clustered using the SWIFT algorithm, and cluster template competition was used to identify clusters of antigen-responsive T cells and to separate these from constitutive cytokine producing cell clusters. Results Registration strongly reduced batch variation among batches analyzed across several months. This in-depth clustering analysis identified a greater proportion of responders than the original analysis. A subset of antigen-responsive clusters producing IL-21 was identified. The cytokine patterns in each vaccine group were related to the type of vaccine - protein antigens tended to induce more cells producing IL-2 but not IFN-γ, whereas DNA vaccines tended to induce more IL-2+ IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells. Several significant correlations were identified between specific antibody responses and antigen-responsive T cell clusters. The best correlations were not necessarily observed with the strongest antibody or T cell responses. Conclusion In the complex HVTN105 dataset, alternative analysis methods increased sensitivity of the detection of antigen-specific T cells; increased the number of identified vaccine responders; identified a small IL-21-producing T cell population; and demonstrated significant correlations between specific T cell populations and serum antibody responses. Multiple analysis strategies may be valuable for extracting the most information from large, complex studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R. Mosmann
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Rebhahn
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael C. Keefer
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nadine G. Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James J. Kobie
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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5
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Deng D, Zhao M, Liu H, Zhou S, Liu H, You L, Hao Y. Xijiao Dihuang decoction combined with Yinqiao powder promotes autophagy-dependent ROS decrease to inhibit ROS/NLRP3/pyroptosis regulation axis in influenza virus infection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155446. [PMID: 38518643 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza viral pneumonia is a common complication after influenza virus infection. Xijiao Dihuang Decoction combined with Yinqiao Powder (XDY) is effective on improving influenza viral pneumonia. PURPOSE This study further explores the anti-inflammatory mechanism of XDY in the treatment of influenza viral pneumonia. STUDY DESIGN The effects of XDY on inflammation, autophagy, NACHT-LRR-PYD-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis were assessed in the mice with influenza viral pneumonia. In addition, the mouse macrophage cell line (J774A.1) infected with influenza virus was adopted to decode the in vitro effects of XDY on autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. We analyzed the XDY-induced autophagy, especially the mitophagy-related ROS clearance, and the subsequent inhibition of ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis signaling in the infected macrophages by different assays based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In vivo, XDY could effectively improve the lung inflammatory response in the mice with influenza virus pneumonia, due to an intact autophagy flux-promoting effect and the inhibiting roles on NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. Notably, in vitro, compared with the infected macrophages treated by the NLRP3 inflammasome agonist (Monosodium urate) or the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant agent, the XDY-dependent treating could inhibit pyroptosis by negatively regulating the signaling axis of ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis in the influenza virus-infected macrophages. More interestingly, XDY could promote an intact autophagy flux, inducing mitophagy eliminating the damaged mitochondria to reduce the intracellular ROS accumulation, and thus decrease the oxidative stress in the infected macrophages. Especially, the inhibitor of autophagy inition, 3-Methyladenine, could reverse the inhibitory effect of XDY on ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, indicating an XDY-promoted mitophagy-dependent ROS scavenging. CONCLUSION XDY can promote an intact autophagy flux to eliminate damaged mitochondria, namely mitophagy, which reduces the intracellular ROS accumulation contributing to NLRP3 inflammasome activation, restricting pyroptosis and eventually alleviating the influenza virus-induced inflammatory lesions. The obtained results provide new insights into the mechanism of action of XDY in alleviating influenza virus pneumonia, especially the roles of XDY in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-pyroptosis, with potential therapeutic targets for future application in integrative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Deng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengfan Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huanwei Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Siyao Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Leiming You
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Chua BY, Thwaites RS, Kedzierska K. Defining the balance between optimal immunity and immunopathology in influenza virus infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01029-1. [PMID: 38698083 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses remain a global threat to human health, with continued pandemic potential. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the optimal immune responses that drive recovery from influenza virus infection, highlighting the fine balance between protective immune mechanisms and detrimental immunopathology. We describe the contribution of innate and adaptive immune cells, inflammatory modulators and antibodies to influenza virus-specific immunity, inflammation and immunopathology. We highlight recent human influenza virus challenge studies that advance our understanding of susceptibility to influenza and determinants of symptomatic disease. We also describe studies of influenza virus-specific immunity in high-risk groups following infection and vaccination that inform the design of future vaccines to promote optimal antiviral immunity, particularly in vulnerable populations. Finally, we draw on lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic to refocus our attention to the ever-changing, highly mutable influenza A virus, predicted to cause future global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Mosmann TR, McMichael AJ, LeVert A, McCauley JW, Almond JW. Opportunities and challenges for T cell-based influenza vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01030-8. [PMID: 38698082 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination remains our main defence against influenza, which causes substantial annual mortality and poses a serious pandemic threat. Influenza virus evades immunity by rapidly changing its surface antigens but, even when the vaccine is well matched to the current circulating virus strains, influenza vaccines are not as effective as many other vaccines. Influenza vaccine development has traditionally focused on the induction of protective antibodies, but there is mounting evidence that T cell responses are also protective against influenza. Thus, future vaccines designed to promote both broad T cell effector functions and antibodies may provide enhanced protection. As we discuss, such vaccines present several challenges that require new strategic and economic considerations. Vaccine-induced T cells relevant to protection may reside in the lungs or lymphoid tissues, requiring more invasive assays to assess the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. T cell functions may contain and resolve infection rather than completely prevent infection and early illness, requiring vaccine effectiveness to be assessed based on the prevention of severe disease and death rather than symptomatic infection. It can be complex and costly to measure T cell responses and infrequent clinical outcomes, and thus innovations in clinical trial design are needed for economic reasons. Nevertheless, the goal of more effective influenza vaccines justifies renewed and intensive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Mosmann
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jeffrey W Almond
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Menon T, Illing PT, Chaurasia P, McQuilten HA, Shepherd C, Rowntree LC, Petersen J, Littler DR, Khuu G, Huang Z, Allen LF, Rockman S, Crowe J, Flanagan KL, Wakim LM, Nguyen THO, Mifsud NA, Rossjohn J, Purcell AW, van de Sandt CE, Kedzierska K. CD8 + T-cell responses towards conserved influenza B virus epitopes across anatomical sites and age. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3387. [PMID: 38684663 PMCID: PMC11059233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBVs) cause substantive morbidity and mortality, and yet immunity towards IBVs remains understudied. CD8+ T-cells provide broadly cross-reactive immunity and alleviate disease severity by recognizing conserved epitopes. Despite the IBV burden, only 18 IBV-specific T-cell epitopes restricted by 5 HLAs have been identified currently. A broader array of conserved IBV T-cell epitopes is needed to develop effective cross-reactive T-cell based IBV vaccines. Here we identify 9 highly conserved IBV CD8+ T-cell epitopes restricted to HLA-B*07:02, HLA-B*08:01 and HLA-B*35:01. Memory IBV-specific tetramer+CD8+ T-cells are present within blood and tissues. Frequencies of IBV-specific CD8+ T-cells decline with age, but maintain a central memory phenotype. HLA-B*07:02 and HLA-B*08:01-restricted NP30-38 epitope-specific T-cells have distinct T-cell receptor repertoires. We provide structural basis for the IBV HLA-B*07:02-restricted NS1196-206 (11-mer) and HLA-B*07:02-restricted NP30-38 epitope presentation. Our study increases the number of IBV CD8+ T-cell epitopes, and defines IBV-specific CD8+ T-cells at cellular and molecular levels, across tissues and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Menon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia T Illing
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chloe Shepherd
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dene R Littler
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Grace Khuu
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- CSL Seqirus Ltd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Crowe
- Deepdene Surgery, Deepdene, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole A Mifsud
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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9
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Zareein A, Mahmoudi M, Jadhav SS, Wilmore J, Wu Y. Biomaterial engineering strategies for B cell immunity modulations. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1981-2006. [PMID: 38456305 PMCID: PMC11019864 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01841e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
B cell immunity has a penetrating effect on human health and diseases. Therapeutics aiming to modulate B cell immunity have achieved remarkable success in combating infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. However, current treatments still face significant limitations in generating effective long-lasting therapeutic B cell responses for many conditions. As the understanding of B cell biology has deepened in recent years, clearer regulation networks for B cell differentiation and antibody production have emerged, presenting opportunities to overcome current difficulties and realize the full therapeutic potential of B cell immunity. Biomaterial platforms have been developed to leverage these emerging concepts to augment therapeutic humoral immunity by facilitating immunogenic reagent trafficking, regulating T cell responses, and modulating the immune microenvironment. Moreover, biomaterial engineering tools have also advanced our understanding of B cell biology, further expediting the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we will introduce the general concept of B cell immunobiology and highlight key biomaterial engineering strategies in the areas including B cell targeted antigen delivery, sustained B cell antigen delivery, antigen engineering, T cell help optimization, and B cell suppression. We will also discuss our perspective on future biomaterial engineering opportunities to leverage humoral immunity for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zareein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mina Mahmoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Sunil Jadhav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Joel Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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10
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Roznik K, Xue J, Stavrakis G, Johnston TS, Kalluri D, Ohsie R, Qin CX, McAteer J, Segev DL, Mogul D, Werbel WA, Karaba AH, Thompson EA, Cox AL. COVID-19 vaccination induces distinct T-cell responses in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent children. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:73. [PMID: 38580714 PMCID: PMC10997632 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination are attenuated in adult solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) and additional vaccine doses are recommended for this population. However, whether COVID-19 mRNA vaccine responses are limited in pediatric SOTRs (pSOTRs) compared to immunocompetent children is unknown. Due to SARS-CoV-2 evolution and mutations that evade neutralizing antibodies, T cells may provide important defense in SOTRs who mount poor humoral responses. Therefore, we assessed anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers, surrogate neutralization, and spike (S)-specific T-cell responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in pSOTRs and their healthy siblings (pHCs) before and after the bivalent vaccine dose. Despite immunosuppression, pSOTRs demonstrated humoral responses to both ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants following the primary ancestral strain monovalent mRNA COVID-19 series and multiple booster doses. These responses were not significantly different from those observed in pHCs and significantly higher six months after vaccination than responses in adult SOTRs two weeks post-vaccination. However, pSOTRs mounted limited S-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and qualitatively distinct CD4+ T-cell responses, primarily producing IL-2 and TNF with less IFN-γ production compared to pHCs. Bivalent vaccination enhanced humoral responses in some pSOTRs but did not shift the CD4+ T-cell responses toward increased IFN-γ production. Our findings indicate that S-specific CD4+ T cells in pSOTRs have distinct qualities with unknown protective capacity, yet vaccination produces cross-reactive antibodies not significantly different from responses in pHCs. Given altered T-cell responses, additional vaccine doses in pSOTRs to maintain high titer cross-reactive antibodies may be important in ensuring protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Roznik
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiashu Xue
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georgia Stavrakis
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Scott Johnston
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Divya Kalluri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rivka Ohsie
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline X Qin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John McAteer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Baltimore, MD, USA
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Mogul
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William A Werbel
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew H Karaba
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thompson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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11
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Nguyen THO, Kedzierska K. The power of memory T cells minus antibodies. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:594-595. [PMID: 38491310 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Orfanakis M, Molyvdas A, Petrovas C. In Situ Characterization of Human Follicular Helper CD4 T Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2813:281-293. [PMID: 38888784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The development of an effective humoral response to pathogens and immunogens is a multiphase biological process, which is mediated by the coordinated function of specialized immune cell types in secondary lymphoid organs and particularly in T cell and follicular areas. More specifically, within the follicular/germinal center area, the orchestrated interplay between B cells, follicular helper CD4 T cells (Tfh), and stromal cells triggers a cascade of immune reactions leading to the development of memory B cells and plasma cells able to generate effective, antigen-specific antibodies. The role of Tfh cells in this process is critical. Given the need for vaccines capable to induce antibodies of high affinity, neutralizing activity, and durability, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating Tfh cell development is of great importance. Here, we describe novel approaches for the comprehensive understanding of these cells and possible implications for future studies in vaccine development and the understanding of the pathogenesis of relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Orfanakis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam Molyvdas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Kastenschmidt JM, Sureshchandra S, Wagar LE. Leveraging human immune organoids for rational vaccine design. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:938-944. [PMID: 37940395 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Current influenza A and B virus (IABV) vaccines provide suboptimal protection and efforts are underway to develop a universal IABV vaccine. Blood neutralizing antibodies are the current gold standard for protection, but many processes that regulate human IABV-specific immunity occur in mucosal and lymphoid tissues. We need an improved mechanistic understanding of how immune cells respond within these tissues to advance our current (slow and expensive) vaccine testing model. We posit that advanced in vitro models of human adaptive immunity can bridge some of the gaps between vaccine design, animal models, and human clinical trials. Here, we highlight how they can be integrated into current practices and play a role in reverse translating the defined features of protective vaccines to rationally design new candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Kastenschmidt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Lisa E Wagar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
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14
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Nolan TM, Deliyannis G, Griffith M, Braat S, Allen LF, Audsley J, Chung AW, Ciula M, Gherardin NA, Giles ML, Gordon TP, Grimley SL, Horng L, Jackson DC, Juno JA, Kedzierska K, Kent SJ, Lewin SR, Littlejohn M, McQuilten HA, Mordant FL, Nguyen THO, Soo VP, Price B, Purcell DFJ, Ramanathan P, Redmond SJ, Rockman S, Ruan Z, Sasadeusz J, Simpson JA, Subbarao K, Fabb SA, Payne TJ, Takanashi A, Tan CW, Torresi J, Wang JJ, Wang LF, Al-Wassiti H, Wong CY, Zaloumis S, Pouton CW, Godfrey DI. Interim results from a phase I randomized, placebo-controlled trial of novel SARS-CoV-2 beta variant receptor-binding domain recombinant protein and mRNA vaccines as a 4th dose booster. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104878. [PMID: 38016322 PMCID: PMC10696466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination should ideally enhance protection against variants and minimise immune imprinting. This Phase I trial evaluated two vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 beta-variant receptor-binding domain (RBD): a recombinant dimeric RBD-human IgG1 Fc-fusion protein, and an mRNA encoding a membrane-anchored RBD. METHODS 76 healthy adults aged 18-64 y, previously triple vaccinated with licensed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, were randomised to receive a 4th dose of either an adjuvanted (MF59®, CSL Seqirus) protein vaccine (5, 15 or 45 μg, N = 32), mRNA vaccine (10, 20, or 50 μg, N = 32), or placebo (saline, N = 12) at least 90 days after a 3rd boost vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bleeds occurred on days 1 (prior to vaccination), 8, and 29. CLINICALTRIALS govNCT05272605. FINDINGS No vaccine-related serious or medically-attended adverse events occurred. The protein vaccine reactogenicity was mild, whereas the mRNA vaccine was moderately reactogenic at higher dose levels. Best anti-RBD antibody responses resulted from the higher doses of each vaccine. A similar pattern was seen with live virus neutralisation and surrogate, and pseudovirus neutralisation assays. Breadth of immune response was demonstrated against BA.5 and more recent omicron subvariants (XBB, XBB.1.5 and BQ.1.1). Binding antibody titres for both vaccines were comparable to those of a licensed bivalent mRNA vaccine. Both vaccines enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation. INTERPRETATION There were no safety concerns and the reactogenicity profile was mild and similar to licensed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Both vaccines showed strong immune boosting against beta, ancestral and omicron strains. FUNDING Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund, and philanthropies Jack Ma Foundation and IFM investors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry M Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Georgia Deliyannis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryanne Griffith
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sabine Braat
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Audsley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marcin Ciula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle L Giles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom P Gordon
- Department of Immunology, Flinders University and SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Samantha L Grimley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lana Horng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mason Littlejohn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Pac Soo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Briony Price
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pradhipa Ramanathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samuel J Redmond
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Rockman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; CSL Seqirus, Vaccine Innovation Unit, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph Sasadeusz
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia
| | - Stewart A Fabb
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thomas J Payne
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - Asuka Takanashi
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Duke NUS Medical School, Programme for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Flinders University and SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Duke NUS Medical School, Programme for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | | | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sophie Zaloumis
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Yang S, Duan L, Wang C, Zhang C, Hou S, Wang H, Song J, Zhang T, Li Z, Wang M, Tang J, Zheng Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Zhao W. Activation and induction of antigen-specific T follicular helper cells play a critical role in recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine-induced humoral responses. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:34. [PMID: 37853288 PMCID: PMC10584785 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of follicular T helper (Tfh) cells in humoral response has been considered essential in recent years. Understanding how Tfh cells control complex humoral immunity is critical to developing strategies to improve the efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging pathogens. However, the immunologic mechanism of Tfh cells in SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) vaccine strategy is limited. In this study, we expressed and purified recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein in Drosophila S2 cells for the first time and explored the mechanism of Tfh cells induced by RBD vaccine in humoral immune response. We mapped the dynamic of Tfh cell in lymph node and spleen following RBD vaccination and revealed the relationship between Tfh cells and humoral immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine through correlation analysis, blocking of IL-21 signaling pathway, and co-culture of Tfh with memory B cells. Recombinant RBD protein elicited a predominant Tfh1 and Tfh1-17 subset response and strong GC responses in spleen and lymph nodes, especially to enhanced vaccination. IL-21 secreted by Tfh cells affected the development and differentiation of B cells and played a key role in the humoral immune response. These observations will help us further understand the mechanism of protective immune response induced by COVID-19 vaccine and has guiding significance for the development of vaccines against newly emerging mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Center of Scientific Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangwei Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Chan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Hou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Center of Scientific Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihua Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Scientific Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China.
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16
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He R, Zheng X, Zhang J, Liu B, Wang Q, Wu Q, Liu Z, Chang F, Hu Y, Xie T, Liu Y, Chen J, Yang J, Teng S, Lu R, Pan D, Wang Y, Peng L, Huang W, Terzieva V, Liu W, Wang Y, Li YP, Qu X. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T FH cells exhibit unique responses in infected and vaccinated individuals. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:393. [PMID: 37802996 PMCID: PMC10558553 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for preventing reinfection. The production of neutralizing antibody (nAb) and B cell differentiation are tightly regulated by T follicular help (TFH) cells. However, the longevity and functional role of TFH cell subsets in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients remain poorly defined. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection and inactivated vaccine elicited both spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cell and CXCR3- TFH cell responses, which showed distinct response patterns. Spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells exhibit a dominant and more durable response than CXCR3- TFH cells that positively correlated with antibody responses. A third booster dose preferentially expands the spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cell subset induced by two doses of inactivated vaccine, contributing to antibody maturation and potency. Functionally, spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells have a greater ability to induce spike-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) differentiation compared to spike-specific CXCR3- TFH cells. In conclusion, the persistent and functional role of spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination may play an important role in antibody maintenance and recall response, thereby conferring long-term protection. The findings from this study will inform the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines aiming to induce long-term protective immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhang He
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Qijie Wang
- The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Chang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ting Xie
- The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Yongchen Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Shishan Teng
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - You Wang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
- School of Public Health, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China
| | - Liting Peng
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Key Laboratory of Biological Product Quality Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, 102629, Beijing, China
| | - Velislava Terzieva
- Laboratory of OMICs Technologies, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Wenpei Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Key Laboratory of Biological Product Quality Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, 102629, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaowang Qu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China.
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China.
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17
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Cheung M, Chang C, Rathnasinghe R, Rossignol E, Zhang Y, Ferrari A, Patel H, Huang Y, Sanchez Guillen M, Scalzo T, Lee C, Otten GR, Settembre EC, Music N, Palladino G, Wen Y. Self-amplifying mRNA seasonal influenza vaccines elicit mouse neutralizing antibody and cell-mediated immunity and protect ferrets. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:150. [PMID: 37794051 PMCID: PMC10550923 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently licensed influenza vaccines focus immune responses on viral hemagglutinin (HA), while the other major surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA) is not tightly controlled in inactivated vaccine formulations despite evidence that anti-NA antibodies reduce clinical disease. We utilized a bicistronic self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) platform encoding both HA and NA from four seasonal influenza strains, creating a quadrivalent influenza vaccine. sa-mRNA vaccines encoding an NA component induced the production of NA-inhibiting antibodies and CD4+ T-cell responses in both monovalent and quadrivalent formulations. Including NA in the vaccine enabled cross-neutralization against antigenically drifted strains and provided greater protection than HA alone upon A(H3N2) challenge in ferrets. These results demonstrate that next-generation bicistronic sa-mRNA vaccines expressing HA and NA induce potent antibodies against both viral coat proteins, as well as vaccine-specific cell-mediated immunity. When formulated as a quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, the sa-mRNA platform provides an opportunity to increase the breadth of protection through cross-neutralizing anti-NA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Chang
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Yunfei Zhang
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | - Harsh Patel
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Yanjun Huang
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | - Tina Scalzo
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Changkeun Lee
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Nedzad Music
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | - Yingxia Wen
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
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18
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Xie L, Fang J, Yu J, Zhang W, He Z, Ye L, Wang H. The role of CD4 + T cells in tumor and chronic viral immune responses. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e390. [PMID: 37829505 PMCID: PMC10565399 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are mainly aimed to promote a CD8+ T cell response rather than a CD4+ T cell response as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can directly kill target cells. Recently, CD4+ T cells have received more attention due to their diverse roles in tumors and chronic viral infections. In antitumor and antichronic viral responses, CD4+ T cells relay help signals through dendritic cells to indirectly regulate CD8+ T cell response, interact with B cells or macrophages to indirectly modulate humoral immunity or macrophage polarization, and inhibit tumor blood vessel formation. Additionally, CD4+ T cells can also exhibit direct cytotoxicity toward target cells. However, regulatory T cells exhibit immunosuppression and CD4+ T cells become exhausted, which promote tumor progression and chronic viral persistence. Finally, we also outline immunotherapies based on CD4+ T cells, including adoptive cell transfer, vaccines, and immune checkpoint blockade. Overall, this review summarizes diverse roles of CD4+ T cells in the antitumor or protumor and chronic viral responses, and also highlights the immunotherapies based on CD4+ T cells, giving a better understanding of their roles in tumors and chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyingzi Xie
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryChongqing General HospitalChongqingChina
- The Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jingyi Fang
- The Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Juncheng Yu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryXinqiao Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Weinan Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic SurgeryArmy Medical Center of PLAAmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhiqiang He
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic SurgeryArmy Medical Center of PLAAmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lilin Ye
- The Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryChongqing General HospitalChongqingChina
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19
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Rotrosen E, Kupper TS. Assessing the generation of tissue resident memory T cells by vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:655-665. [PMID: 37002288 PMCID: PMC10064963 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines have been a hugely successful public health intervention, virtually eliminating many once common diseases of childhood. However, they have had less success in controlling endemic pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, herpesviruses and HIV. A focus on vaccine-mediated generation of neutralizing antibodies, which has been a successful approach for some pathogens, has been complicated by the emergence of escape variants, which has been seen for pathogens such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, as well as for HIV-1. We discuss how vaccination strategies aimed at generating a broad and robust T cell response may offer superior protection against pathogens, particularly those that have been observed to mutate rapidly. In particular, we consider here how a focus on generating resident memory T cells may be uniquely effective for providing immunity to pathogens that typically infect (or become reactivated in) the skin, respiratory mucosa or other barrier tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rotrosen
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas S Kupper
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Garner-Spitzer E, Wagner A, Gudipati V, Schoetta AM, Orola-Taus M, Kundi M, Kunert R, Mayrhofer P, Huppa JB, Stockinger H, Carsetti R, Gattinger P, Valenta R, Kratzer B, Sehgal ANA, Pickl WF, Reinisch W, Novacek G, Wiedermann U. Lower magnitude and faster waning of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in anti-TNF-α-treated IBD patients are linked to lack of activation and expansion of cTfh1 cells and impaired B memory cell formation. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104788. [PMID: 37672867 PMCID: PMC10485594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy controls received primary SARS-CoV-2-mRNA vaccination and a booster after six months. Anti-TNF-α-treated patients showed significantly lower antibody (Ab) levels and faster waning than α4β7-integrin-antagonist recipients and controls. This prospective cohort study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms on the basis of circulating T-follicular helper cells (cTfh) and B memory cells. METHODS We measured SARS-CoV-2- Wuhan and Omicron specific Abs, B- and T-cell subsets at baseline and kinetics of Spike (S)-specific B memory cells along with distributions of activated cTfh subsets before and after primary and booster vaccination. FINDINGS Lower and faster waning of Ab levels in anti-TNF-α treated IBD patients was associated with low numbers of total and naïve B cells vs. expanded plasmablasts prior to vaccination. Along with their low Ab levels against Wuhan and Omicron VOCs, reduced S-specific B memory cells were identified after the 2nd dose which declined to non-detectable after 6 months. In contrast, IBD patients with α4β7-integrin-antagonists and controls mounted and retained high Ab levels after the 2nd dose, which was associated with a pronounced increase in S-specific B memory cells that were maintained or expanded up to 6 months. Booster vaccination led to a strong increase of Abs with neutralizing capacity and S-specific B memory cells in these groups, which was not the case in anti-TNF-α treated IBD patients. Of note, Ab levels and S-specific B memory cells in particular post-booster correlated with the activation of cTfh1 cells after primary vaccination. INTERPRETATIONS The reduced magnitude, persistence and neutralization capacity of SARS-CoV-2 specific Abs after vaccination in anti-TNF-α-treated IBD patients were associated with impaired formation and maintenance of S-specific B memory cells, likely due to absent cTfh1 activation leading to extra-follicular immune responses and diminished B memory cell diversification. These observations have implications for patient-tailored vaccination schedules/vaccines in anti-TNF-α-treated patients, irrespective of their underlying disease. FUNDING The study was funded by third party funding of the Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine at the Medical University Vienna. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, data analyses, interpretation, or writing of report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Garner-Spitzer
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Angelika Wagner
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Venugopal Gudipati
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Margarita Schoetta
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Orola-Taus
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kunert
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Mayrhofer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes B Huppa
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rita Carsetti
- B Cell Research Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS; Rome, Italy
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Al Nasar Ahmed Sehgal
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Reinisch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Novacek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Medical University of Vienna, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Smith CL, Bednarchik B, Aung H, Wilk DJ, Boxer RS, Daddato AE, Wilson BM, Gravenstein S, Canaday DH. Humoral and Cellular Immunity Induced by Adjuvanted and Standard Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Older Nursing Home Residents. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:704-714. [PMID: 36951196 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite wide use of adjuvanted influenza vaccine in nursing home residents (NHR), little immunogenicity data exist for this population. METHODS We collected blood from NHR (n = 85) living in nursing homes participating in a cluster randomized clinical trial comparing MF59-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (aTIV) with nonadjuvanted vaccine (TIV) (parent trial, NCT02882100). NHR received either vaccine during the 2016-2017 influenza season. We assessed cellular and humoral immunity using flow cytometry and hemagglutinin inhibition, antineuraminidase (enzyme-linked lectin assay), and microneutralization assays. RESULTS Both vaccines were similarly immunogenic and induced antigen-specific antibodies and T cells, but aTIV specifically induced significantly larger 28 days after vaccination (D28) titers against A/H3N2 neuraminidase than TIV. CONCLUSIONS NHRs respond immunologically to TIV and aTIV. From these data, the larger aTIV-induced antineuraminidase response at D28 may help explain the increased clinical protection observed in the parent clinical trial for aTIV over TIV in NHR during the A/H3N2-dominant 2016-2017 influenza season. Additionally, a decline back to prevaccination titers at 6 months after vaccination emphasizes the importance of annual vaccination against influenza. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02882100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson L Smith
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Beth Bednarchik
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Htin Aung
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dennis J Wilk
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca S Boxer
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrea E Daddato
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brigid M Wilson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stefan Gravenstein
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, USA
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22
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Mudd P, Borcherding N, Kim W, Quinn M, Han F, Zhou J, Sturtz A, Schmitz A, Lei T, Schattgen S, Klebert M, Suessen T, Middleton W, Goss C, Liu C, Crawford J, Thomas P, Teefey S, Presti R, O'Halloran J, Turner J, Ellebedy A. Antigen-specific CD4 + T cells exhibit distinct transcriptional phenotypes in the lymph node and blood following vaccination in humans. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3304466. [PMID: 37790414 PMCID: PMC10543502 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3304466/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccination induce robust CD4+ T cell responses that are critical for the development of protective immunity. Here, we evaluated spike-specific CD4+ T cells in the blood and draining lymph node (dLN) of human subjects following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination using single-cell transcriptomics. We analyze multiple spike-specific CD4+ T cell clonotypes, including novel clonotypes we define here using Trex, a new deep learning-based reverse epitope mapping method integrating single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and transcriptomics to predict antigen-specificity. Human dLN spike-specific T follicular helper cells (TFH) exhibited distinct phenotypes, including germinal center (GC)-TFH and IL-10+ TFH, that varied over time during the GC response. Paired TCR clonotype analysis revealed tissue-specific segregation of circulating and dLN clonotypes, despite numerous spike-specific clonotypes in each compartment. Analysis of a separate SARS-CoV-2 infection cohort revealed circulating spike-specific CD4+ T cell profiles distinct from those found following BNT162b2 vaccination. Our findings provide an atlas of human antigen-specific CD4+ T cell transcriptional phenotypes in the dLN and blood following vaccination or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Goss
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St.Louis
| | - Chang Liu
- Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Jane O'Halloran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St.Louis
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23
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Kastenschmidt JM, Sureshchandra S, Jain A, Hernandez-Davies JE, de Assis R, Wagoner ZW, Sorn AM, Mitul MT, Benchorin AI, Levendosky E, Ahuja G, Zhong Q, Trask D, Boeckmann J, Nakajima R, Jasinskas A, Saligrama N, Davies DH, Wagar LE. Influenza vaccine format mediates distinct cellular and antibody responses in human immune organoids. Immunity 2023; 56:1910-1926.e7. [PMID: 37478854 PMCID: PMC10433940 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Highly effective vaccines elicit specific, robust, and durable adaptive immune responses. To advance informed vaccine design, it is critical that we understand the cellular dynamics underlying responses to different antigen formats. Here, we sought to understand how antigen-specific B and T cells were activated and participated in adaptive immune responses within the mucosal site. Using a human tonsil organoid model, we tracked the differentiation and kinetics of the adaptive immune response to influenza vaccine and virus modalities. Each antigen format elicited distinct B and T cell responses, including differences in their magnitude, diversity, phenotype, function, and breadth. These differences culminated in substantial changes in the corresponding antibody response. A major source of antigen format-related variability was the ability to recruit naive vs. memory B and T cells to the response. These findings have important implications for vaccine design and the generation of protective immune responses in the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Kastenschmidt
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Jenny E Hernandez-Davies
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Rafael de Assis
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Zachary W Wagoner
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Andrew M Sorn
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Mahina Tabassum Mitul
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Aviv I Benchorin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Elizabeth Levendosky
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Gurpreet Ahuja
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Qiu Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Douglas Trask
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Jacob Boeckmann
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Algimantas Jasinskas
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Naresha Saligrama
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA; Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - D Huw Davies
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Lisa E Wagar
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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24
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Zhou J, He X, Ou Y, Peng S, Li D, Zhou Q, Fu J, Long Y, Tan Y. Role of CXCR5 + CD8 + T cells in human hepatitis B virus infection. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:638-645. [PMID: 37129474 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The replication of HBV in hepatocytes can be effectively inhibited by lifelong antiviral therapy. Because of the long-term presence of HBV reservoirs, the virus rebound frequently occurs once the treatment is stopped, which poses a considerable obstacle to the complete removal of the virus. In terms of gene composition, regulation of B cell action and function, CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells are similar to CXCR5+ CD4+ T follicular helper cells, while these cells are characterized by elevated programmed cell death 1 and cytotoxic-related proteins. CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells are strongly associated with progression in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In addition, CXCR5 expression on the surface of CD8+ T cells is mostly an indicator of memory stem cell-like failure in progenitor cells in cancer that are more responsive to immune checkpoint blocking therapy. Furthermore, the phenomena have also been demonstrated in some viral infections, highlighting the duality of the cellular immune response of CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells. This mini-review will focus on the function of CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells in HBV infection and discuss the function of these CD8+ T cells and the potential of associated co-stimulators or cytokines in HBV therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yangjing Ou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jingli Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhu Long
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yingzheng Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
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25
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Zhang W, Rowntree LC, Muttucumaru R, Damelang T, Aban M, Hurt AC, Auladell M, Esterbauer R, Wines B, Hogarth M, Turner SJ, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Patil S, Avery S, Morrissey O, Chung AW, Koutsakos M, Nguyen THO, Cheng AC, Kotsimbos TC, Kedzierska K. Robust immunity to influenza vaccination in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients following reconstitution of humoral and adaptive immunity. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1456. [PMID: 37383182 PMCID: PMC10294294 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in high-risk populations. Although current vaccination regimens are the best method to combat annual influenza disease, vaccine efficacy can be low in high-risk groups, such as haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Methods We comprehensively assessed humoral immunity, antibody landscapes, systems serology and influenza-specific B-cell responses, together with their phenotypes and isotypes, to the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in HSCT recipients in comparison to healthy controls. Results Inactivated influenza vaccine significantly increased haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titres in HSCT recipients, similar to healthy controls. Systems serology revealed increased IgG1 and IgG3 antibody levels towards the haemagglutinin (HA) head, but not to neuraminidase, nucleoprotein or HA stem. IIV also increased frequencies of total, IgG class-switched and CD21loCD27+ influenza-specific B cells, determined by HA probes and flow cytometry. Strikingly, 40% of HSCT recipients had markedly higher antibody responses towards A/H3N2 vaccine strain than healthy controls and showed cross-reactivity to antigenically drifted A/H3N2 strains by antibody landscape analysis. These superior humoral responses were associated with a greater time interval after HSCT, while multivariant analyses revealed the importance of pre-existing immune memory. Conversely, in HSCT recipients who did not respond to the first dose, the second IIV dose did not greatly improve their humoral response, although 50% of second-dose patients reached a seroprotective HAI titre for at least one of vaccine strains. Conclusions Our study demonstrates efficient, although time-dependent, immune responses to IIV in HSCT recipients, and provides insights into influenza vaccination strategies targeted to immunocompromised high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | - Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Malet Aban
- World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Product Development Medical Affairs, Infectious DiseasesF. Hoffmann-La Roche LtdBaselSwitzerland
| | - Maria Auladell
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | | | - Stephen J Turner
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Sushrut Patil
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Department of Clinical HaematologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Sharon Avery
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Department of Clinical HaematologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Orla Morrissey
- Department of Infectious DiseasesAlfred HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Thi HO Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology UnitAlfred HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Tom C Kotsimbos
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The Alfred HospitalMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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26
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Zhang W, Kedzierski L, Chua BY, Mayo M, Lonzi C, Rigas V, Middleton BF, McQuilten HA, Rowntree LC, Allen LF, Purcell RA, Tan HX, Petersen J, Chaurasia P, Mordant F, Pogorelyy MV, Minervina AA, Crawford JC, Perkins GB, Zhang E, Gras S, Clemens EB, Juno JA, Audsley J, Khoury DS, Holmes NE, Thevarajan I, Subbarao K, Krammer F, Cheng AC, Davenport MP, Grubor-Bauk B, Coates PT, Christensen B, Thomas PG, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Rossjohn J, Chung AW, Boffa J, Miller A, Lynar S, Nelson J, Nguyen THO, Davies J, Kedzierska K. Robust and prototypical immune responses toward COVID-19 vaccine in First Nations peoples are impacted by comorbidities. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:966-978. [PMID: 37248417 PMCID: PMC10232372 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High-risk groups, including Indigenous people, are at risk of severe COVID-19. Here we found that Australian First Nations peoples elicit effective immune responses to COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccination, including neutralizing antibodies, receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In First Nations participants, RBD IgG antibody titers were correlated with body mass index and negatively correlated with age. Reduced RBD antibodies, spike-specific B cells and follicular helper T cells were found in vaccinated participants with chronic conditions (diabetes, renal disease) and were strongly associated with altered glycosylation of IgG and increased interleukin-18 levels in the plasma. These immune perturbations were also found in non-Indigenous people with comorbidities, indicating that they were related to comorbidities rather than ethnicity. However, our study is of a great importance to First Nations peoples who have disproportionate rates of chronic comorbidities and provides evidence of robust immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination in Indigenous people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Mayo
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Claire Lonzi
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Vanessa Rigas
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Bianca F Middleton
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth A Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesca Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Griffith B Perkins
- Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eva Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Audsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Khoury
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha E Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irani Thevarajan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School and School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health and School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P Toby Coates
- Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Britt Christensen
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Boffa
- Central Australian Aboriginal Congress, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Adrian Miller
- Indigenous Engagement, CQUniversity, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Lynar
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Darwin Hospital and Northern Territory Medical Programme, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jane Nelson
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jane Davies
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Nuñez NG, Schmid J, Power L, Alberti C, Krishnarajah S, Kreutmair S, Unger S, Blanco S, Konigheim B, Marín C, Onofrio L, Kienzler JC, Costa-Pereira S, Ingelfinger F, Pasinovich ME, Castelli JM, Vizzotti C, Schaefer M, Villar-Vesga J, Mundt S, Merten CH, Sethi A, Wertheimer T, Lutz M, Vanoaica D, Sotomayor C, Gruppi A, Münz C, Cardozo D, Barbás G, Lopez L, Carreño P, Castro G, Raboy E, Gallego S, Morón G, Cervi L, Acosta Rodriguez EV, Maletto BA, Maccioni M, Becher B. High-dimensional analysis of 16 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine combinations reveals lymphocyte signatures correlating with immunogenicity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:941-954. [PMID: 37095378 PMCID: PMC10232362 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The range of vaccines developed against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) provides a unique opportunity to study immunization across different platforms. In a single-center cohort, we analyzed the humoral and cellular immune compartments following five coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines spanning three technologies (adenoviral, mRNA and inactivated virus) administered in 16 combinations. For adenoviral and inactivated-virus vaccines, heterologous combinations were generally more immunogenic compared to homologous regimens. The mRNA vaccine as the second dose resulted in the strongest antibody response and induced the highest frequency of spike-binding memory B cells irrespective of the priming vaccine. Priming with the inactivated-virus vaccine increased the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response, whereas boosting did not. Distinct immune signatures were elicited by the different vaccine combinations, demonstrating that the immune response is shaped by the type of vaccines applied and the order in which they are delivered. These data provide a framework for improving future vaccine strategies against pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gonzalo Nuñez
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Jonas Schmid
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Power
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Alberti
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefanie Kreutmair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Unger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastián Blanco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella' Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brenda Konigheim
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella' Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Marín
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luisina Onofrio
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Sara Costa-Pereira
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carla Vizzotti
- Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximilian Schaefer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Villar-Vesga
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Helena Merten
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aakriti Sethi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Wertheimer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Lutz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danusia Vanoaica
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Sotomayor
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Christian Münz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego Cardozo
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Barbás
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Lopez
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Carreño
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Castro
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elias Raboy
- Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Gallego
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología 'Dr. J. M. Vanella' Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Morón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V Acosta Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belkys A Maletto
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Maccioni
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Zurbuchen Y, Michler J, Taeschler P, Adamo S, Cervia C, Raeber ME, Acar IE, Nilsson J, Warnatz K, Soyka MB, Moor AE, Boyman O. Human memory B cells show plasticity and adopt multiple fates upon recall response to SARS-CoV-2. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:955-965. [PMID: 37106039 PMCID: PMC10232369 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The B cell response to different pathogens uses tailored effector mechanisms and results in functionally specialized memory B (Bm) cell subsets, including CD21+ resting, CD21-CD27+ activated and CD21-CD27- Bm cells. The interrelatedness between these Bm cell subsets remains unknown. Here we showed that single severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific Bm cell clones showed plasticity upon antigen rechallenge in previously exposed individuals. CD21- Bm cells were the predominant subsets during acute infection and early after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunization. At months 6 and 12 post-infection, CD21+ resting Bm cells were the major Bm cell subset in the circulation and were also detected in peripheral lymphoid organs, where they carried tissue residency markers. Tracking of individual B cell clones by B cell receptor sequencing revealed that previously fated Bm cell clones could redifferentiate upon antigen rechallenge into other Bm cell subsets, including CD21-CD27- Bm cells, demonstrating that single Bm cell clones can adopt functionally different trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Michler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Taeschler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Adamo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Cervia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilhan E Acar
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Soyka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Cadar AN, Martin DE, Bartley JM. Targeting the hallmarks of aging to improve influenza vaccine responses in older adults. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37198683 PMCID: PMC10189223 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Age-related declines in immune response pose a challenge in combating diseases later in life. Influenza (flu) infection remains a significant burden on older populations and often results in catastrophic disability in those who survive infection. Despite having vaccines designed specifically for older adults, the burden of flu remains high and overall flu vaccine efficacy remains inadequate in this population. Recent geroscience research has highlighted the utility in targeting biological aging to improve multiple age-related declines. Indeed, the response to vaccination is highly coordinated, and diminished responses in older adults are likely not due to a singular deficit, but rather a multitude of age-related declines. In this review we highlight deficits in the aged vaccine responses and potential geroscience guided approaches to overcome these deficits. More specifically, we propose that alternative vaccine platforms and interventions that target the hallmarks of aging, including inflammation, cellular senescence, microbiome disturbances, and mitochondrial dysfunction, may improve vaccine responses and overall immunological resilience in older adults. Elucidating novel interventions and approaches that enhance immunological protection from vaccination is crucial to minimize the disproportionate effect of flu and other infectious diseases on older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia N Cadar
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Dominique E Martin
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jenna M Bartley
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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30
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Yu M, Charles A, Cagigi A, Christ W, Österberg B, Falck-Jones S, Azizmohammadi L, Åhlberg E, Falck-Jones R, Svensson J, Nie M, Warnqvist A, Hellgren F, Lenart K, Arcoverde Cerveira R, Ols S, Lindgren G, Lin A, Maecker H, Bell M, Johansson N, Albert J, Sundling C, Czarnewski P, Klingström J, Färnert A, Loré K, Smed-Sörensen A. Delayed generation of functional virus-specific circulating T follicular helper cells correlates with severe COVID-19. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2164. [PMID: 37061513 PMCID: PMC10105364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective humoral immune responses require well-orchestrated B and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell interactions. Whether these interactions are impaired and associated with COVID-19 disease severity is unclear. Here, longitudinal blood samples across COVID-19 disease severity are analysed. We find that during acute infection SARS-CoV-2-specific circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells expand with disease severity. SARS-CoV-2-specific cTfh cell frequencies correlate with plasmablast frequencies and SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, avidity and neutralization. Furthermore, cTfh cells but not other memory CD4 T cells, from severe patients better induce plasmablast differentiation and antibody production compared to cTfh cells from mild patients. However, virus-specific cTfh cell development is delayed in patients that display or later develop severe disease compared to those with mild disease, which correlates with delayed induction of high-avidity neutralizing antibodies. Our study suggests that impaired generation of functional virus-specific cTfh cells delays high-quality antibody production at an early stage, potentially enabling progression to severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afandi Charles
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Cagigi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wanda Christ
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Österberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Falck-Jones
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lida Azizmohammadi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Åhlberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryan Falck-Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Svensson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mu Nie
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Warnqvist
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrika Hellgren
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Lenart
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Arcoverde Cerveira
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Ols
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Lindgren
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ang Lin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holden Maecker
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Max Bell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Johansson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Koutsakos M, Reynaldi A, Lee WS, Nguyen J, Amarasena T, Taiaroa G, Kinsella P, Liew KC, Tran T, Kent HE, Tan HX, Rowntree LC, Nguyen THO, Thomas PG, Kedzierska K, Petersen J, Rossjohn J, Williamson DA, Khoury D, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK, Juno JA. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection induces rapid memory and de novo T cell responses. Immunity 2023; 56:879-892.e4. [PMID: 36958334 PMCID: PMC9970913 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the protective role of neutralizing antibodies against COVID-19 is well established, questions remain about the relative importance of cellular immunity. Using 6 pMHC multimers in a cohort with early and frequent sampling, we define the phenotype and kinetics of recalled and primary T cell responses following Delta or Omicron breakthrough infection in previously vaccinated individuals. Recall of spike-specific CD4+ T cells was rapid, with cellular proliferation and extensive activation evident as early as 1 day post symptom onset. Similarly, spike-specific CD8+ T cells were rapidly activated but showed variable degrees of expansion. The frequency of activated SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells at baseline and peak inversely correlated with peak SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in nasal swabs and accelerated viral clearance. Our study demonstrates that a rapid and extensive recall of memory T cell populations occurs early after breakthrough infection and suggests that CD8+ T cells contribute to the control of viral replication in breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thakshila Amarasena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - George Taiaroa
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Paul Kinsella
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kwee Chin Liew
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Tran
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - David Khoury
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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32
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Habel JR, Chua BY, Kedzierski L, Selva KJ, Damelang T, Haycroft ER, Nguyen TH, Koay HF, Nicholson S, McQuilten HA, Jia X, Allen LF, Hensen L, Zhang W, van de Sandt CE, Neil JA, Pragastis K, Lau JS, Jumarang J, Allen EK, Amanant F, Krammer F, Wragg KM, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Tan HX, Pell G, Walker S, Audsley J, Reynaldi A, Thevarajan I, Denholm JT, Subbarao K, Davenport MP, Hogarth PM, Godfrey DI, Cheng AC, Tong SY, Bond K, Williamson DA, McMahon JH, Thomas PG, Pannaraj PS, James F, Holmes NE, Smibert OC, Trubiano JA, Gordon CL, Chung AW, Whitehead CL, Kent SJ, Lappas M, Rowntree LC, Kedzierska K. Immune profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy reveals NK cell and γδ T cell perturbations. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167157. [PMID: 37036008 PMCID: PMC10132165 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy poses a greater risk for severe COVID-19; however, underlying immunological changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy are poorly understood. We defined immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in unvaccinated pregnant and nonpregnant women with acute and convalescent COVID-19, quantifying 217 immunological parameters. Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 were similar in pregnant and nonpregnant women, although our systems serology approach revealed distinct antibody and FcγR profiles between pregnant and nonpregnant women. Cellular analyses demonstrated marked differences in NK cell and unconventional T cell activation dynamics in pregnant women. Healthy pregnant women displayed preactivated NK cells and γδ T cells when compared with healthy nonpregnant women, which remained unchanged during acute and convalescent COVID-19. Conversely, nonpregnant women had prototypical activation of NK and γδ T cells. Activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and T follicular helper cells was similar in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant and nonpregnant women, while antibody-secreting B cells were increased in pregnant women during acute COVID-19. Elevated levels of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18 were found in pregnant women in their healthy state, and these cytokine levels remained elevated during acute and convalescent COVID-19. Collectively, we demonstrate perturbations in NK cell and γδ T cell activation in unvaccinated pregnant women with COVID-19, which may impact disease progression and severity during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Habel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Y. Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ebene R. Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thi H.O. Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley A. McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lilith F. Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolien E. van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Pragastis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jillian S.Y. Lau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jaycee Jumarang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - E. Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fatima Amanant
- Department of Microbiology, and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M. Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Pell
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Walker
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Audsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Irani Thevarajan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin T. Denholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles P. Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allen C. Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, and Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Y.C. Tong
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine Bond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deborah A. Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James H. McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pia S. Pannaraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fiona James
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natasha E. Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olivia C. Smibert
- Departments of Pediatrics, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason A. Trubiano
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire L. Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare L. Whitehead
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise C. Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Reusch L, Angeletti D. Memory B-cell diversity: From early generation to tissue residency and reactivation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250085. [PMID: 36811174 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) have a crucial function in providing an enhanced response to repeated infections. Upon antigen encounter, MBC can either rapidly differentiate to antibody secreting cells or enter germinal centers (GC) to further diversify and affinity mature. Understanding how and when MBC are formed, where they reside and how they select their fate upon reactivation has profound implications for designing strategies to improve targeted, next-generation vaccines. Recent studies have crystallized much of our knowledge on MBC but also reported several surprising discoveries and gaps in our current understanding. Here, we review the latest advancements in the field and highlight current unknowns. In particular, we focus on timing and cues leading to MBC generation before and during the GC reaction, discuss how MBC become resident in mucosal tissues, and finally, provide an overview of factors shaping MBC fate-decision upon reactivation in mucosal and lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reusch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tangye SG, Pathmanandavel K, Ma CS. Cytokine-mediated STAT-dependent pathways underpinning human B-cell differentiation and function. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 81:102286. [PMID: 36764056 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
B cells are fundamental to host defence against infectious diseases; indeed, the ability of humans to elicit robust antibody responses following exposure to foreign antigens underpins long-lived humoral immunity and serological memory, as well as the success of most currently administered vaccines. However, B cells also have a dark side - they can cause myriad diseases, including autoimmunity, atopy, allergy and malignancy. Thus, it is critical to understand the molecular requirements for generating effective, high-affinity, specific immune responses following natural infection or vaccination, as well as for constraining B-cell function to mitigate B-cell-mediated immune dyscrasias. In this review, we discuss recent developments that have been derived from the identification and detailed analysis of individuals with inborn errors of immunity that disrupt cytokine signalling, resulting in immune dysregulatory conditions. These studies have defined fundamental cytokine/cytokine receptor/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathways that are critical for the generation and maintenance of human memory B-cell and plasma cell subsets during host defence, as well as revealed mechanisms of disease pathogenesis causing immune deficiency, autoimmunity and atopy. More importantly, these studies have identified molecules that could be targeted to either enhance humoral immunity in the settings of infection or vaccination, or attenuate humoral immunity that contributes to antibody-mediated autoimmunity or allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; CIRCA (Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia), Australia.
| | - Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; CIRCA (Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia), Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; CIRCA (Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia), Australia
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Fan J, Jiang T, He D. Emerging insights into the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120519. [PMID: 37063835 PMCID: PMC10097931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a novel type of regulated cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid oxidation, was discovered a decade ago. Significant progress has been made in our knowledge of ferroptosis and immune dysfunction. This review covers recent advancements in the interaction of ferroptosis and the immune system, with an emphasis on autoimmune diseases. The critical regulators of ferroptosis are summarized in the context of reactive oxygen species biology, lipid metabolism, and iron homeostasis. The molecular crosstalk between ferroptosis and different immune cells is also highlighted. Future research is expected to yield new insights into the mechanisms governing ferroptosis and its potential therapeutic benefits in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Fan
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dongyi He,
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Currenti J, Simmons J, Oakes J, Gaudieri S, Warren CM, Gangula R, Alves E, Ram R, Leary S, Armitage JD, Smith RM, Chopra A, Halasa NB, Pilkinton MA, Kalams SA. Tracking of activated cTfh cells following sequential influenza vaccinations reveals transcriptional profile of clonotypes driving a vaccine-induced immune response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133781. [PMID: 37063867 PMCID: PMC10095155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A vaccine against influenza is available seasonally but is not 100% effective. A predictor of successful seroconversion in adults is an increase in activated circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells after vaccination. However, the impact of repeated annual vaccinations on long-term protection and seasonal vaccine efficacy remains unclear. Methods In this study, we examined the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and transcriptional profile of vaccine-induced expanded cTfh cells in individuals who received sequential seasonal influenza vaccines. We measured the magnitude of cTfh and plasmablast cell activation from day 0 (d0) to d7 post-vaccination as an indicator of a vaccine response. To assess TCR diversity and T cell expansion we sorted activated and resting cTfh cells at d0 and d7 post-vaccination and performed TCR sequencing. We also single cell sorted activated and resting cTfh cells for TCR analysis and transcriptome sequencing. Results and discussion The percent of activated cTfh cells significantly increased from d0 to d7 in each of the 2016-17 (p < 0.0001) and 2017-18 (p = 0.015) vaccine seasons with the magnitude of cTfh activation increase positively correlated with the frequency of circulating plasmablast cells in the 2016-17 (p = 0.0001) and 2017-18 (p = 0.003) seasons. At d7 post-vaccination, higher magnitudes of cTfh activation were associated with increased clonality of cTfh TCR repertoire. The TCRs from vaccine-expanded clonotypes were identified and tracked longitudinally with several TCRs found to be present in both years. The transcriptomic profile of these expanded cTfh cells at the single cell level demonstrated overrepresentation of transcripts of genes involved in the type-I interferon pathway, pathways involved in gene expression, and antigen presentation and recognition. These results identify the expansion and transcriptomic profile of vaccine-induced cTfh cells important for B cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Currenti
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua Simmons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jared Oakes
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Silvana Gaudieri
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Christian M. Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rama Gangula
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Eric Alves
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Jesse D. Armitage
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rita M. Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mark A. Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Spyros A. Kalams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Ryan FJ, Norton TS, McCafferty C, Blake SJ, Stevens NE, James J, Eden GL, Tee YC, Benson SC, Masavuli MG, Yeow AEL, Abayasingam A, Agapiou D, Stevens H, Zecha J, Messina NL, Curtis N, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Tran H, McFadyen JD, Bull RA, Grubor-Bauk B, Lynn MA, Botten R, Barry SE, Lynn DJ. A systems immunology study comparing innate and adaptive immune responses in adults to COVID-19 mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100971. [PMID: 36871558 PMCID: PMC9935276 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the molecular mechanisms that promote optimal immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is critical for future rational vaccine design. Here, we longitudinally profile innate and adaptive immune responses in 102 adults after the first, second, and third doses of mRNA or adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. Using a multi-omics approach, we identify key differences in the immune responses induced by ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 that correlate with antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses or vaccine reactogenicity. Unexpectedly, we observe that vaccination with ChAdOx1-S, but not BNT162b2, induces an adenoviral vector-specific memory response after the first dose, which correlates with the expression of proteins with roles in thrombosis with potential implications for thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), a rare but serious adverse event linked to adenovirus-vectored vaccines. The COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Responses Study thus represents a major resource that can be used to understand the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of these COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feargal J Ryan
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Todd S Norton
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Conor McCafferty
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blake
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Jane James
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Georgina L Eden
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Yee C Tee
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Saoirse C Benson
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Makutiro G Masavuli
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Arthur E L Yeow
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Arunasingam Abayasingam
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Hannah Stevens
- Clinical Haematology Department, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jana Zecha
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Nicole L Messina
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Huyen Tran
- Clinical Haematology Department, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - James D McFadyen
- Clinical Haematology Department, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rowena A Bull
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Miriam A Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Rochelle Botten
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Simone E Barry
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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Qiu L, Zhang Y, Zeng X. The function of γδ T cells in humoral immune responses. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:747-755. [PMID: 36799949 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of γδ T cells played in humoral immune responses. BACKGROUND The γδ T cell receptor (γδ TCR) recognizes antigens, including haptens and proteins, in an MHC-independent manner. The recognition of these antigens by γδ TCRs crosses antigen recognition by the B cell receptors (BCRs), suggesting that γδ T cells may be involved in the process of antigen recognition and activation of B cells. However, the role of γδ T cells in humoral immune responses is still less clear. METHODS The kinds of literature about the γδ T cell-B cell interaction were searched on PubMed with search terms, such as γδ T cells, antibody, B cell responses, antigen recognition, and infection. RESULTS Accumulating evidence indicates that γδ T cells, independent of αβ T cells, participate in multiple steps of humoral immunity, including B cell maturation, activation and differentiation, antibody production and class switching. Mechanically, γδ T cells affect B cell function by directly interacting with B cells, secreting cytokines, or modulating αβ T cells. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize current knowledge on how γδ T cells take part in the humoral immune response, which may assist future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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He T, Ling N, Zhang G, Xiang D, Hu P, Peng M, Cai D, Zhang D, Chen M, Ren H. Decreased antibody response to influenza vaccine with an enhanced antibody response to subsequent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e759. [PMID: 36705404 PMCID: PMC9803931 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is especially recommended for people with underlying diseases. For the large number of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB), studies on their immune responses to these vaccines are still lacking. METHODS A total of 57 CHB patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs) receiving inactivated influenza vaccination were prospectively followed up. Influenza-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (anti-H1N1, anti-H3N2, and anti-B IgG), antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), and circulating T follicular helper cells were assessed simultaneously. Eight CHB patients subsequently got inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during 1-year follow-up, and levels of serum antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were further analyzed. RESULTS On day 28 after influenza vaccination, three influenza antibodies levels appeared to be lower in CHB patients than in HCs. And anti-H1N1 IgG level was significantly decreased in cirrhotic patients (p < .05). Anti-H1N1 IgG levels (day 28) were positively correlated with ASC frequencies (day 7) (p < .05), and negatively correlated with cirrhosis and hepatitis B surface antigen levels (p < .05). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were higher in patients with influenza vaccination history than in patients without the history (p < .05). Moreover, positive correlations existed between influenza vaccination history and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS CHB patients, especially those with cirrhosis, appeared to have a decreased antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccine. A history of inactivated influenza vaccination within 1 year before inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination might induce stronger anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ning Ling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Gaoli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dejuan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mingli Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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40
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Longevity and Mechanism of Heterosubtypic Protection Induced by M2SR (M2-Deficient Single-Replication) Live Influenza Virus Vaccine in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122131. [PMID: 36560540 PMCID: PMC9781428 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza and the threat of global pandemics present a continuing threat to public health. However, conventional inactivated influenza vaccines (IAVs) provide little cross-protective immunity and suboptimal efficacy, even against well-matched strains. Furthermore, the protection against matched strains has been shown to be of a short duration in both mouse models and humans. M2SR (M2-deficient single-replication influenza virus) is a single-replication vaccine that has been shown to provide effective cross-protection against heterosubtypic influenza viruses in both mouse and ferret models. In the present study, we investigated the duration and mechanism of heterosubtypic protection induced by M2SR in a mouse model. We previously showed that M2SR generated from influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) significantly protected C57BL/6 mice against lethal challenge with both influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1, homosubtypic) and influenza A/Aichi/2/1968 (H3N2, heterosubtypic), whereas the inactivated influenza vaccine provided no heterosubtypic protection. The homosubtypic protection induced by M2SR was robust and lasted for greater than 1 year, whereas that provided by the inactivated vaccine lasted for less than 6 months. The heterosubtypic protection induced by M2SR was of a somewhat shorter duration than the homosubtypic protection, with protection being evident 9 months after vaccination. However, heterosubtypic protection was not observed at 14 months post vaccination. M2SR has been shown to induce strong systemic and mucosal antibody and T cell responses. We investigated the relative importance of these immune mechanisms in heterosubtypic protection, using mice that were deficient in B cells or mice that were depleted of T cells immediately before challenge. Somewhat surprisingly, the heterosubtypic protection was completely dependent on B cells in this model, whereas the depletion of T cells had no significant effect on survival after a lethal heterosubtypic challenge. While antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been demonstrated to be important in the response to some influenza vaccines, a lack of Fc receptors did not affect the survival of M2SR-vaccinated mice following a lethal challenge. We examined the influenza proteins targeted by the heterosubtypic antibody response. Shortly after the H1N1 M2SR vaccination, high titers of cross-reactive antibodies to heterosubtypic H3N2 nucleoprotein (NP) and lower titers to the stalk region of the hemagglutinin (HA2) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins were observed. The high antibody titers to heterosubtypic NP persisted one year after vaccination, whereas the antibody titers to the heterosubtypic HA2 and NA proteins were very low, or below the limit of detection, at this time. These results show that the intranasal M2SR vaccine elicits durable protective immune responses against homotypic and heterosubtypic influenza infection not seen with intramuscular inactivated vaccines. Both the homo- and heterosubtypic protection induced by the single-replication vaccine are dependent on B cells in this model. While the homosubtypic protection is mediated by antibodies to the head region of HA, our data suggest that the heterosubtypic protection for M2SR is due to cross-reactive antibodies elicited against the NP, HA2, and NA antigens that are not targeted by current seasonal influenza vaccines.
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Fujii SI, Yamasaki S, Iyoda T, Shimizu K. Association of cellular immunity with severity of COVID-19 from the perspective of antigen-specific memory T cell responses and cross-reactivity. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:50. [PMCID: PMC9706959 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCoronaviruses regularly cause outbreaks of zoonotic diseases characterized by severe pneumonia. The new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused the global pandemic disease COVID-19 that began at the end of 2019 and spread rapidly owing to its infectious nature and rapidly progressing pneumonia. Although the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 is high, indicated by the worldwide spread of the disease in a very short period, many individuals displayed only subclinical infection, and some of them transmitted the disease to individuals who then developed a severe symptomatic infection. Furthermore, there are differences in the severity of infection across countries, which can be attributed to factors such as the emergence of viral mutations in a short period of time as well as to the immune responses to viral factors. Anti-viral immunity generally consists of neutralizing antibodies that block viral infection and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that eliminate the virus-infected cells. There is compelling evidence for the role of neutralizing antibodies in protective immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after the viral entry is complex and warrants a comprehensive discussion. Here, we discuss the protection afforded by cellular immunity against initial infection and development of severe disease. The initial failure of cellular immunity to control the infection worsens the clinical outcomes and functional profiles that inflict tissue damage without effectively eliminating viral reservoirs, while robust T cell responses are associated with mild outcomes. We also discuss persistent long-lasting memory T cell-mediated protection after infection or vaccination, which is rather complicated as it may involve SARS-CoV-2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes or cross-reactivity with previously infected seasonal coronaviruses, which are largely related to HLA genotypes. In addition, cross-reactivity with mutant strains is also discussed. Lastly, we discuss appropriate measures to be taken against the disease for immunocompromised patients. In conclusion, we provide evidence and discuss the causal relationship between natural infection- or vaccine-mediated memory T cell immunity and severity of COVID-19. This review is expected to provide a basis to develop strategies for the next generation of T cell-focused vaccines and aid in ending the current pandemic.
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Lai L, Rouphael N, Xu Y, Kabbani S, Beck A, Sherman A, Anderson EJ, Bellamy A, Weiss J, Cross K, Mulligan MJ. An Oil-in-Water adjuvant significantly increased influenza A/H7N9 split virus Vaccine-Induced circulating follicular helper T (cT FH) cells and antibody responses. Vaccine 2022; 40:7065-7072. [PMID: 36273986 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unadjuvanted A/H7N9 vaccines are poorly immunogenic. The immune response is improved with the addition of MF59, an oil-in-water adjuvant. However, the cellular immunologic responses of MF59-adjuvanted A/H7N9 vaccine are not fully understood. METHODS 37 participants were vaccinated with 2 doses of 2013 influenza A/H7N9 vaccine (at Days 1 and 21) with or without MF59 and enrolled in an immunology substudy. Responses were assessed at multiple timepoints (Days 0, 8, 21, 29, and 42) for hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody (Neut) assays, memory B cell responses by enzyme-linked ImmunoSpot; circulating follicular helper T cells (cTFH) and CD4 + T cells by intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/H7N9 vaccine induced significantly higher hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody (Neut) responses when compared to unadjuvanted vaccine. The adjuvanted vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of Inducible T-cell Co-Stimulator (ICOS) expression by CXCR3+CXCR5+CD4+ cTFH cells, compared to unadjuvanted vaccine. The magnitude of increase in cTFH cells (from baseline to Day 8) and in IL-21 expressing CD154+CD4+ T cells (from baseline to Days 8 and 21) correlated with HAI (at Day 29) and Neut antibody (at Days 8 and 29) titers. The increase in frequency of IL-21 expressing CD154+CD4+T cells (from baseline to Day 21) correlated with memory B cell frequency (at Day 42). CONCLUSION cTFH activation is associated with HAI and Neut responses in recipients of MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/H7N9 vaccine relative to unadjuvanted vaccine. Future studies should focus on optimizing the cTFH response and use cTFH as an early biomarker of serological response to vaccination. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, trial number NCT01938742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Lai
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030.
| | - Yongxian Xu
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
| | - Sarah Kabbani
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
| | - Allison Beck
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
| | - Amy Sherman
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate
| | - Abbie Bellamy
- EMMES Corporation, 401, North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Julia Weiss
- EMMES Corporation, 401, North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Cross
- EMMES Corporation, 401, North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
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Pieren DKJ, Boer MC, de Wit J. The adaptive immune system in early life: The shift makes it count. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031924. [PMID: 36466865 PMCID: PMC9712958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infectious diseases encountered early in life may result in life-threatening disease in neonates, which is primarily explained by the relatively naive neonatal immune system. Whereas vaccines are not readily available for all infectious diseases, vaccinations have greatly reduced childhood mortality. However, repeated vaccinations are required to reach protective immunity in infants and not all vaccinations are effective at young age. Moreover, protective adaptive immunity elicited by vaccination wanes more rapidly at young age compared to adulthood. The infant adaptive immune system has previously been considered immature but this paradigm has changed during the past years. Recent evidence shows that the early life adaptive immune system is equipped with a strong innate-like effector function to eliminate acute pathogenic threats. These strong innate-like effector capacities are in turn kept in check by a tolerogenic counterpart of the adaptive system that may have evolved to maintain balance and to reduce collateral damage. In this review, we provide insight into these aspects of the early life's adaptive immune system by addressing recent literature. Moreover, we speculate that this shift from innate-like and tolerogenic adaptive immune features towards formation of immune memory may underlie different efficacy of infant vaccination in these different phases of immune development. Therefore, presence of innate-like and tolerogenic features of the adaptive immune system may be used as a biomarker to improve vaccination strategies against respiratory and other infections in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jelle de Wit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Giner-Soriano M, de Dios V, Ouchi D, Vilaplana-Carnerero C, Monteagudo M, Morros R. Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in People Previously Vaccinated Against Influenza: Population-Based Cohort Study Using Primary Health Care Electronic Records. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e36712. [PMID: 36265160 PMCID: PMC9662290 DOI: 10.2196/36712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A possible link between influenza immunization and susceptibility to the complications of COVID-19 infection has been previously suggested owing to a boost in the immunity against SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether individuals with COVID-19 could have benefited from vaccination against influenza. We hypothesized that the immunity resulting from the previous influenza vaccination would boost part of the immunity against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS We performed a population-based cohort study including all patients with COVID-19 with registered entries in the primary health care (PHC) electronic records during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) in Catalonia, Spain. We compared individuals who took an influenza vaccine before being infected with COVID-19, with those who had not taken one. Data were obtained from Information System for Research in Primary Care, capturing PHC information of 5.8 million people from Catalonia. The main outcomes assessed during follow-up were a diagnosis of pneumonia, hospital admission, and mortality. RESULTS We included 309,039 individuals with COVID-19 and compared them on the basis of their influenza immunization status, with 114,181 (36.9%) having been vaccinated at least once and 194,858 (63.1%) having never been vaccinated. In total, 21,721 (19%) vaccinated individuals and 11,000 (5.7%) unvaccinated individuals had at least one of their outcomes assessed. Those vaccinated against influenza at any time (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.19), recently (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10-1.18), or recurrently (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.15) before being infected with COVID-19 had a higher risk of presenting at least one of the outcomes than did unvaccinated individuals. When we excluded people living in long-term care facilities, the results were similar. CONCLUSIONS We could not establish a protective role of the immunity conferred by the influenza vaccine on the outcomes of COVID-19 infection, as the risk of COVID-19 complications was higher in vaccinated than in unvaccinated individuals. Our results correspond to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, where more complications and mortalities due to COVID-19 had occurred. Despite that, our study adds more evidence for the analysis of a possible link between the quality of immunity and COVID-19 outcomes, particularly in the PHC setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giner-Soriano
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Vanessa de Dios
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicines Area, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Carles Vilaplana-Carnerero
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Mònica Monteagudo
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Rosa Morros
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
- Plataforma Spanish Clinical Research Network, Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
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Burton AR, Guillaume SM, Foster WS, Wheatley AK, Hill DL, Carr EJ, Linterman MA. The memory B cell response to influenza vaccination is impaired in older persons. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111613. [PMID: 36351385 PMCID: PMC9666924 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection imparts an age-related increase in mortality and morbidity. The most effective countermeasure is vaccination; however, vaccines offer modest protection in older adults. To investigate how aging impacts the memory B cell response, we track hemagglutinin-specific B cells by indexed flow sorting and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in 20 healthy adults that were administered the trivalent influenza vaccine. We demonstrate age-related skewing in the memory B cell compartment 6 weeks after vaccination, with younger adults developing hemagglutinin-specific memory B cells with an FcRL5+ "atypical" phenotype, showing evidence of somatic hypermutation and positive selection, which happened to a lesser extent in older persons. We use publicly available scRNA-seq from paired human lymph node and blood samples to corroborate that FcRL5+ atypical memory B cells can derive from germinal center (GC) precursors. Together, this study shows that the aged human GC reaction and memory B cell response following vaccination is defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Burton
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - William S Foster
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Danika L Hill
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Edward J Carr
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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Nguyen AT, Lau HMP, Sloane H, Jayasinghe D, Mifsud NA, Chatzileontiadou DSM, Grant EJ, Szeto C, Gras S. Homologous peptides derived from influenza A, B and C viruses induce variable CD8 + T cell responses with cross-reactive potential. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1422. [PMID: 36275878 PMCID: PMC9581725 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Influenza A, B and C viruses (IAV, IBV and ICV, respectively) circulate globally, infecting humans and causing widespread morbidity and mortality. Here, we investigate the T cell response towards an immunodominant IAV epitope, NP265‐273, and its IBV and ICV homologues, presented by HLA‐A*03:01 molecule expressed in ~ 4% of the global population (~ 300 million people). Methods We assessed the magnitude (tetramer staining) and quality of the CD8+ T cell response (intracellular cytokine staining) towards NP265‐IAV and described the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire used to recognise this immunodominant epitope. We next assessed the immunogenicity of NP265‐IAV homologue peptides from IBV and ICV and the ability of CD8+ T cells to cross‐react towards these homologous peptides. Furthermore, we determined the structures of NP265‐IAV and NP323‐IBV peptides in complex with HLA‐A*03:01 by X‐ray crystallography. Results Our study provides a detailed characterisation of the CD8+ T cell response towards NP265‐IAV and its IBV and ICV homologues. The data revealed a diverse repertoire for NP265‐IAV that is associated with superior anti‐viral protection. Evidence of cross‐reactivity between the three different influenza virus strain‐derived epitopes was observed, indicating the discovery of a potential vaccination target that is broad enough to cover all three influenza strains. Conclusion We show that while there is a potential to cross‐protect against distinct influenza virus lineages, the T cell response was stronger against the IAV peptide than IBV or ICV, which is an important consideration when choosing targets for future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Hiu Ming Peter Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Hannah Sloane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Dhilshan Jayasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Nicole A Mifsud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Demetra SM Chatzileontiadou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Emma J Grant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Christopher Szeto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
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Palacios-Pedrero MÁ, Jansen JM, Blume C, Stanislawski N, Jonczyk R, Molle A, Hernandez MG, Kaiser FK, Jung K, Osterhaus ADME, Rimmelzwaan GF, Saletti G. Signs of immunosenescence correlate with poor outcome of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in older adults. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:896-905. [PMID: 37118289 PMCID: PMC10154205 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is effective in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization and fatal outcome. However, several studies indicated that there is reduced vaccine effectiveness among older individuals, which is correlated with their general health status1,2. How and to what extent age-related immunological defects are responsible for the suboptimal vaccine responses observed in older individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine, is unclear and not fully investigated1,3-5. In this observational study, we investigated adaptive immune responses in adults of various ages (22-99 years old) receiving 2 doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Vaccine-induced Spike-specific antibody, and T and memory B cell responses decreased with increasing age. These responses positively correlated with the percentages of peripheral naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and negatively with CD8+ T cells expressing signs of immunosenescence. Older adults displayed a preferred T cell response to the S2 region of the Spike protein, which is relatively conserved and a target for cross-reactive T cells induced by human 'common cold' coronaviruses. Memory T cell responses to influenza virus were not affected by age-related changes, nor the SARS-CoV-2-specific response induced by infection. Collectively, we identified signs of immunosenescence correlating with the outcome of vaccination against a new viral antigen to which older adults are immunologically naïve. This knowledge is important for the management of COVID-19 infections in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janina M Jansen
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nils Stanislawski
- Institute of Microelectronic Systems, Leibniz University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Jonczyk
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University, Hanover, Germany
| | - Antonia Molle
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mariana Gonzalez Hernandez
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Franziska K Kaiser
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
- Global Virus Network, Center of Excellence, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany.
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany.
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Chou C, Mohanty S, Kang HA, Kong L, Avila‐Pacheco J, Joshi SR, Ueda I, Devine L, Raddassi K, Pierce K, Jeanfavre S, Bullock K, Meng H, Clish C, Santori FR, Shaw AC, Xavier RJ. Metabolomic and transcriptomic signatures of influenza vaccine response in healthy young and older adults. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13682. [PMID: 35996998 PMCID: PMC9470889 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza causes mild to severe respiratory infections and significant morbidity, especially in older adults. Transcriptomic analysis in populations across multiple flu seasons has provided insights into the molecular determinants of vaccine response. Still, the metabolic changes that underlie the immune response to influenza vaccination remain poorly characterized. We performed untargeted metabolomics to analyze plasma metabolites in a cohort of younger and older subjects before and after influenza vaccination to identify vaccine-induced molecular signatures. Metabolomic and transcriptomic data were combined to define networks of gene and metabolic signatures indicative of high and low antibody response in these individuals. We observed age-related differences in metabolic baselines and signatures of antibody response to influenza vaccination and the abundance of α-linolenic and linoleic acids, sterol esters, fatty-acylcarnitines, and triacylglycerol metabolism. We identified a metabolomic signature associated with age-dependent vaccine response, finding increased tryptophan and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in young high responders (HRs), while fatty acid synthesis and cholesteryl esters accumulated in older HRs. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis shows that depletion of PUFAs, which are building blocks for prostaglandins and other lipid immunomodulators, in young HR subjects at Day 28 is related to a robust immune response to influenza vaccination. Increased glycerophospholipid levels were associated with an inflammatory response in older HRs to flu vaccination. This multi-omics approach uncovered age-related molecular markers associated with influenza vaccine response and provides insight into vaccine-induced metabolic responses that may help guide development of more effective influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Hung Chou
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Lingjia Kong
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Samit R. Joshi
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ikuyo Ueda
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Lesley Devine
- Department of Laboratory MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Khadir Raddassi
- Department of NeurologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Kerry Pierce
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Kevin Bullock
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hailong Meng
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Fabio R. Santori
- Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Klarman Cell ObservatoryBroad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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TLR agonists induce sustained IgG to hemagglutinin stem and modulate T cells following newborn vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:102. [PMID: 36038596 PMCID: PMC9424286 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The newborn immune system is characterized by diminished immune responses that leave infants vulnerable to virus-mediated disease and make vaccination more challenging. Optimal vaccination strategies for influenza A virus (IAV) in newborns should result in robust levels of protective antibodies, including those with broad reactivity to combat the variability in IAV strains across seasons. The stem region of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule is a target of such antibodies. Using a nonhuman primate model, we investigate the capacity of newborns to generate and maintain antibodies to the conserved stem region following vaccination. We find adjuvanting an inactivated vaccine with the TLR7/8 agonist R848 is effective in promoting sustained HA stem-specific IgG. Unexpectedly, HA stem-specific antibodies were generated with a distinct kinetic pattern compared to the overall response. Administration of R848 was associated with increased influenza-specific T follicular helper cells as well as Tregs with a less suppressive phenotype, suggesting adjuvant impacts multiple cell types that have the potential to contribute to the HA-stem response.
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50
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André S, Azarias da Silva M, Picard M, Alleaume-Buteau A, Kundura L, Cezar R, Soudaramourty C, André SC, Mendes-Frias A, Carvalho A, Capela C, Pedrosa J, Gil Castro A, Loubet P, Sotto A, Muller L, Lefrant JY, Roger C, Claret PG, Duvnjak S, Tran TA, Zghidi-Abouzid O, Nioche P, Silvestre R, Corbeau P, Mammano F, Estaquier J. Low quantity and quality of anti-spike humoral response is linked to CD4 T-cell apoptosis in COVID-19 patients. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:741. [PMID: 36030261 PMCID: PMC9419645 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In addition to an inflammatory reaction, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients present lymphopenia, which we recently reported as being related to abnormal programmed cell death. As an efficient humoral response requires CD4 T-cell help, we hypothesized that the propensity of CD4 T cells to die may impact the quantity and quality of the humoral response in acutely infected individuals. In addition to specific immunoglobulins (Ig)A, IgM, and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S1) proteins, we assessed the quality of IgG response by measuring the avidity index. Because the S protein represents the main target for neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity responses, we also analyzed anti-S-specific IgG using S-transfected cells (S-Flow). Our results demonstrated that most COVID-19 patients have a predominant IgA anti-N humoral response during the early phase of infection. This specific humoral response preceded the anti-S1 in time and magnitude. The avidity index of anti-S1 IgG was low in acutely infected individuals compared to convalescent patients. We showed that the percentage of apoptotic CD4 T cells is inversely correlated with the levels of specific IgG antibodies. These lower levels were also correlated positively with plasma levels of CXCL10, a marker of disease severity, and soluble Fas ligand that contributes to T-cell death. Finally, we found lower S-Flow responses in patients with higher CD4 T-cell apoptosis. Altogether, these results demonstrate that individuals with high levels of CD4 T-cell apoptosis and CXCL10 have a poor ability to build an efficient anti-S response. Consequently, preventing CD4 T-cell death might be a strategy for improving humoral response during the acute phase, thereby reducing COVID-19 pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia André
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Marne Azarias da Silva
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Morgane Picard
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Alleaume-Buteau
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1124, F-75006 Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Structural and Molecular Analysis Platform, BioMedTech Facilities INSERM US36-CNRS UMS2009, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lucy Kundura
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Renaud Cezar
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Santa Cruz André
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal ,grid.512329.eClinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Mendes-Frias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal ,grid.512329.eClinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Carvalho
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal ,grid.512329.eClinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos Capela
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal ,grid.512329.eClinical Academic Center-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pedrosa
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Gil Castro
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paul Loubet
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Service de Réanimation Chirugicale, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Lefrant
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Service de Réanimation Chirugicale, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Claire Roger
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Service de Réanimation Chirugicale, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Pierre-Géraud Claret
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Urgences Médico-Chirugicales Hospitalisation, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Sandra Duvnjak
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Service de Gérontologie et Prévention du Vieillissement, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Tu-Anh Tran
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Service de Pédiatrie, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Pierre Nioche
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1124, F-75006 Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Structural and Molecular Analysis Platform, BioMedTech Facilities INSERM US36-CNRS UMS2009, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- grid.411165.60000 0004 0593 8241Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génétique Humaine UMR9002 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrizio Mammano
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1124, F-75006 Paris, France ,INSERM U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1124, F-75006 Paris, France ,CHU de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC Canada
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