1
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Loutet MG, Narimani A, Qamar H, Yonemitsu C, Pell LG, Mahmud AA, Ahmed T, Bode L, Bassani DG, Roth DE. Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant growth in a Bangladeshi mother-infant cohort. Pediatr Res 2024; 96:356-364. [PMID: 38052861 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to estimate associations between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and infant growth (length-for-age (LAZ) and weight-for-length (WLZ) z-scores) at 12 months postnatal age. METHODS In this secondary analysis of data from a maternal vitamin D trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh (N = 192), absolute concentrations of HMOs were measured in 13 ± 1 week(s) postpartum milk samples, infant anthropometric measurements were obtained soon after birth and at 12 months postpartum, and infant feeding was classified during 6 months postpartum. Associations between individual HMOs or HMO groups and LAZ or WLZ were estimated by multivariable linear regression adjusting for infant feeding pattern, maternal secretor status, and other potential confounders. RESULTS The concentrations of 6'sialyllactose, lacto-N-neotetraose, and the non-fucosylated non-sialylated HMOs were inversely associated with LAZ at 12 months of age, whereas the fucosylated non-sialylated HMO concentration was positively associated with LAZ at 12 months. These associations were robust in analyses restricted to infants who were primarily exclusively/predominantly fed human milk during the first 3 (or 6) months. CONCLUSIONS Since HMOs are both positively and negatively associated with postnatal growth, there is a need for randomized trials to estimate the causal benefits and risks of exogenously administered HMOs on infant growth and other health outcomes. IMPACT 6'sialyllactose, lacto-N-neotetraose, and the non-fucosylated non-sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were inversely associated with length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) at 12 months, whereas the fucosylated non-sialylated HMO concentration was positively associated with LAZ at 12 months among Bangladeshi infants. Associations between individual and grouped HMOs with infant length growth at 12 months were as strong or stronger in analyses restricted to infants who were exclusively or predominantly fed human milk up to 3 (or 6) months. Randomized trials are needed to characterize the effects of specific HMOs on infant growth, particularly in countries where postnatal linear growth faltering is common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda G Loutet
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Arash Narimani
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Huma Qamar
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | | | - Lisa G Pell
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | | | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Bode
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Diego G Bassani
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Daniel E Roth
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
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2
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Eker F, Akdaşçi E, Duman H, Yalçıntaş YM, Canbolat AA, Kalkan AE, Karav S, Šamec D. Antimicrobial Properties of Colostrum and Milk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:251. [PMID: 38534686 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing number of antibiotic resistance genes is putting a strain on the ecosystem and harming human health. In addition, consumers have developed a cautious attitude towards chemical preservatives. Colostrum and milk are excellent sources of antibacterial components that help to strengthen the immunity of the offspring and accelerate the maturation of the immune system. It is possible to study these important defenses of milk and colostrum, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, oligosaccharides, etc., as biotherapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of numerous infections caused by microbes. Each of these components has different mechanisms and interactions in various places. The compound's mechanisms of action determine where the antibacterial activity appears. The activation of the antibacterial activity of milk and colostrum compounds can start in the infant's mouth during lactation and continue in the gastrointestinal regions. These antibacterial properties possess potential for therapeutic uses. In order to discover new perspectives and methods for the treatment of bacterial infections, additional investigations of the mechanisms of action and potential complexes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Emir Akdaşçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Mert Yalçıntaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alperen Canbolat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Arda Erkan Kalkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Dunja Šamec
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg Dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
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3
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Dedola S, Ahmadipour S, de Andrade P, Baker AN, Boshra AN, Chessa S, Gibson MI, Hernando PJ, Ivanova IM, Lloyd JE, Marín MJ, Munro-Clark AJ, Pergolizzi G, Richards SJ, Ttofi I, Wagstaff BA, Field RA. Sialic acids in infection and their potential use in detection and protection against pathogens. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:167-188. [PMID: 38456038 PMCID: PMC10915975 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In structural terms, the sialic acids are a large family of nine carbon sugars based around an alpha-keto acid core. They are widely spread in nature, where they are often found to be involved in molecular recognition processes, including in development, immunology, health and disease. The prominence of sialic acids in infection is a result of their exposure at the non-reducing terminus of glycans in diverse glycolipids and glycoproteins. Herein, we survey representative aspects of sialic acid structure, recognition and exploitation in relation to infectious diseases, their diagnosis and prevention or treatment. Examples covered span influenza virus and Covid-19, Leishmania and Trypanosoma, algal viruses, Campylobacter, Streptococci and Helicobacter, and commensal Ruminococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dedola
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Andrew N Boshra
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Simona Chessa
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Pedro J Hernando
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Irina M Ivanova
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Jessica E Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Alexandra J Munro-Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | | | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Iakovia Ttofi
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Ben A Wagstaff
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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4
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Guo Z, Xie Q, Ren Q, Liu Y, Li K, Li B, Li J. Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3'-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1271926. [PMID: 38426086 PMCID: PMC10902112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1271926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural components of breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and osteopontin (OPN) have been shown to have a variety of functional activities and are widely used in infant formulas. However, the preventive and therapeutic effects of both on influenza viruses are not known. In this study, antiviral assays using a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEP-2) showed that 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and OPN had the best antiviral ability with IC50 values of 33.46 μM and 1.65 μM, respectively. 3'-SL (10 μM) and OPN (4 μM) were used in combination to achieve 75% inhibition. Further studies found that the combination of 200 μg/mL of 3'-SL with 500 μg/mL of OPN exerted the best antiviral ability. The reason for this was related to reduced levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS in relation to mRNA expression. Plaque assay and TCID50 assay found the same results and verified synergistic effects. Our research indicates that a combination of 3'-SL and OPN can effectively reduce inflammatory storms and exhibit anti-influenza virus effects through synergistic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Guo
- School of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Ren
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Li
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- School of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jufang Li
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
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5
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Duman H, Karav S. Bovine colostrum and its potential contributions for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214514. [PMID: 37908368 PMCID: PMC10613682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum (BC) is the initial milk an animal produces after giving birth, particularly in the first few days. Numerous bioactive substances found in BC, including proteins, enzymes, growth factors, immunoglobulins, etc., are beneficial to human health. BC has a significant role to play as part of a healthy diet, with well-documented health and nutritional advantages for people. Therefore, the use of BC and its crucial derivatives in the development of functional food and pharmaceuticals for the prevention of several diseases such as gastrointestinal and respiratory system disorders is becoming increasingly popular around the world. A novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases that is called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. After the first SARS-CoV-2 virus-related fatality was announced, the illness quickly spread throughout China and to other continents, causing a pandemic. Since then, numerous studies have been initiated to develop safe and efficient treatments. To prevent viral infection and potential lingering effects, it is important to investigate alternative treatments for COVID-19. Due to its effective bioactive profile and its immunomodulatory roles in biological processes, BC might be considered a promising approach to assist in combating people affected by the SARS-CoV-2 or prevention from the virus. BC has immunomodulatory effects because to its high concentration of bioactive components such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, cytokines, and growth factors, etc., which might help control immunological responses, potentially fostering a balanced immune response. Furthermore, its bioactive components have a potential cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2, aiding in virus neutralization and its comprehensive food profile also supplies important vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, fostering a healthy immune system. Hence, the possible contributions of BC to the management of COVID-19 were reviewed in this article based on the most recent research on the subject. Additionally, the key BC components that influence immune system modulation were evaluated. These components may serve as potential mediators or therapeutic advantages in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Türkiye
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6
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Li G, Liu X, Miao Z, Hu N, Zheng X. Preparation of Corn Peptides with Anti-Adhesive Activity and Its Functionality to Alleviate Gastric Injury Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection In Vivo. Nutrients 2023; 15:3467. [PMID: 37571404 PMCID: PMC10421185 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 50% of the world population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is classified as group I carcinogen by the WHO. H. pylori surface adhesins specifically recognize gastric mucosal epithelial cells' (GES-1 cells) receptor to complete the adhesion. Blocking the adhesion with an anti-adhesion compound is an effective way to prevent H. pylori infection. The present study found that corn protein hydrolysate, hydrolyzed by Neutral, effectively alleviated gastric injury induced by H. pylori infection through anti-adhesive and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The hydrolysate inhibited H. pylori adhesion to GES-1 cells significantly, and its anti-adhesive activity was 50.44 ± 0.27% at 4 mg/mL, which indicated that the hydrolysate possessed a similar structure to the GES-1 cells' receptor, and exhibited anti-adhesive activity in binding to H. pylori. In vivo, compared with the H. pylori infection model group, the medium and high dose of the hydrolysate (400-600 mg/kg·bw) significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the amount of H. pylori colonization, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and MPO), chemokines (KC and MCP-1) as well as key metabolites of NF-κB signaling pathway levels (TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB), and it increased antioxidant enzyme contents (SOD and GSH-Px) and the mitigation of H. pylori-induced pathological changes in the gastric mucosa. Taken together, these results indicated that the hydrolysate intervention can prevent H. pylori-induced gastric injury by anti-adhesive activity and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway's induction of inflammation. Hence, the corn protein hydrolysate might act as a potential anti-adhesive agent to prevent H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlong Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Technology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (G.L.); (Z.M.); (N.H.)
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Technology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (G.L.); (Z.M.); (N.H.)
| | - Zhengfei Miao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Technology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (G.L.); (Z.M.); (N.H.)
| | - Nan Hu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Technology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (G.L.); (Z.M.); (N.H.)
| | - Xiqun Zheng
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;
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7
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Li R, Zhou Y, Xu Y. Comparative analysis of oligosaccharides in the milk of human and animals by using LC-QE-HF-MS. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100705. [PMID: 37397214 PMCID: PMC10314177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex oligosaccharides (OS) in different milk are more difficult to detect and complicated to analyze as their enormous structural complexity. UPLC-QE-HF-MS was supposed to be a highly effective method for OS identification. In present study, 70 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), 14 bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs), 23 goat milk oligosaccharides (GMOs) and 24 rat milk oligosaccharides (RMOs) were detected by using UPLC-QE-HF-MS, respectively. There were highly differences in number and composition between the four milk OS. 14 neutral and 3 acidic OS were firstly found in rat milk. The composition and abundances of RMOs were might more similar to that of HMOs, comparing with BMOs and GMOs. The similarity between HMOs and RMOs might provide theoretical basis for better application of rats in biological/biomedical studies of HMOs as models. The BMOs and GMOs were expected to be suitable for applications in medical and functional foods as a promising bioactive molecular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yalin Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
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8
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Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias), a group of over 50 structurally distinct acidic saccharides on the surface of all vertebrate cells, are neuraminic acid derivatives. They serve as glycan chain terminators in extracellular glycolipids and glycoproteins. In particular, Sias have significant implications in cell-to-cell as well as host-to-pathogen interactions and participate in various biological processes, including neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, fertilization, and tumor migration. However, Sia is also present in some of our daily diets, particularly in conjugated form (sialoglycans), such as those in edible bird's nest, red meats, breast milk, bovine milk, and eggs. Among them, breast milk, especially colostrum, contains a high concentration of sialylated oligosaccharides. Numerous reviews have concentrated on the physiological function of Sia as a cellular component of the body and its relationship with the occurrence of diseases. However, the consumption of Sias through dietary sources exerts significant influence on human health, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota's composition and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the distribution, structure, and biological function of particular Sia-rich diets, including human milk, bovine milk, red meat, and egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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9
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Li R, Zhou Y, Xu Y. Comparative Analysis of Oligosaccharides in Breast Milk and Feces of Breast-Fed Infants by Using LC-QE-HF-MS: A Communication. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040888. [PMID: 36839244 PMCID: PMC9963387 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, it must be acknowledged that little is known about the quantity and make-up of oligosaccharides (OS) found in breast-fed babies' feces as well as their metabolic fate. In the present work, UPLC-QE-HF-MS was successfully adopted to identify the profiles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in the breast milk of four mothers and fecal OS in the feces of their breast-fed infant. There were significant variations and differences in both number and composition between HMOs and fecal OS. The early-life gastrointestinal microbiota metabolism may be triggered into the advanced breakdown, synthesis, bioconversion, or redesign of HMOs. The fate of HMOs during passage through the gastrointestinal tract may be profoundly informed by the comparison of OS between breast milk and fecal OS profiles. The characterization of fecal OS could be applied as a valuable tool for monitoring the gastrointestinal fate of HMOs and reflecting infant development at different stages of lactation. Further research on the gastrointestinal bioconversion of HMOs profiles is required, including secretor type and the lactation time of milk, as well as baby feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yalin Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-8280-2552
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10
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Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent progress on health effects and biosynthesis of two key sialylated human milk oligosaccharides, 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108058. [PMID: 36372185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third major solid component in breast milk, are recognized as the first prebiotics for health benefits in infants. Sialylated HMOs are an important type of HMOs, accounting for approximately 13% of total HMOs. 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) are two simplest sialylated HMOs. Both SLs display promising prebiotic effects, especially in promoting the proliferation of bifidobacteria and shaping the gut microbiota. SLs exhibit several health effects, including antiadhesive antimicrobial ability, antiviral activity, prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, immunomodulatory activity, regulation of intestinal epithelial cell response, promotion of brain development, and cognition improvement. Both SLs have been approved as "Generally Recognized as Safe" by the American Food and Drug Administration and are commercially added to infant formula. The biosynthesis of SLs using enzymatic or microbial approaches has been widely studied. The enzymatic synthesis of SLs can be realized by two types of enzymes, sialidases with trans-sialidase activity and sialyltransferases. Microbial synthesis can be achieved by the multiple recombinant bacteria in one-pot reaction, which express the enzymes involved in SL synthesis pathways separately or in combination, or by metabolically engineered strains in a fermentation process. In this article, the physiological properties of 3'-SL and 6'-SL are summarized in detail and the biosynthesis of these SLs via enzymatic and microbial synthesis is comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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11
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Moya-Alvarez V, Eussen SRBM, Mank M, Koyembi JCJ, Nyasenu YT, Ngaya G, Mad-Bondo D, Kongoma JB, Stahl B, Sansonetti PJ, Bourdet-Sicard R. Human milk nutritional composition across lactational stages in Central Africa. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1033005. [PMID: 36466422 PMCID: PMC9709887 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1033005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The African region encompasses the highest undernutrition burden with the highest neonatal and infant mortality rates globally. Under these circumstances, breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and development. However, evidence on human milk (HM) composition from African women is scarce. This is of special concern, as we have no reference data from HM composition in the context of food insecurity in Africa. Furthermore, data on the evolution of HM across lactational stages in this setting lack as well. In the MITICA study, we conducted a cohort study among 48 Central-African women and their 50 infants to analyze the emergence of gut dysbiosis in infants and describe the mother-infant transmission of microbiota between birth and 6 months of age. In this context, we assessed nutritional components in HM of 48 lactating women in Central Africa through five sampling times from week 1 after birth until week 25. Unexpectedly, HM-type III (Secretor + and Lewis genes -) was predominant in HM from Central African women, and some nutrients differed significantly among HM-types. While lactose concentration increased across lactation periods, fatty acid concentration did not vary significantly. The overall median level of 16 detected individual human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs; core structures as well as fucosylated and sialylated ones) decreased from 7.3 g/l at week 1 to 3.5 g/l at week 25. The median levels of total amino acids in HM dropped from 12.8 mg/ml at week 1 to 7.4 mg/ml at week 25. In contrast, specific free amino acids increased between months 1 and 3 of lactation, e.g., free glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, and serine. In conclusion, HM-type distribution and certain nutrients differed from Western mother HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Moya-Alvarez
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Epidemiology of Emergent Diseases Unit, Global Health Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Simone R. B. M. Eussen
- Human Milk Research and Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marko Mank
- Human Milk Research and Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Yawo Tufa Nyasenu
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Médicales, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Gilles Ngaya
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Immunologie, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Daniel Mad-Bondo
- Direction du Service de Santé de la Gendarmerie, Sis Camp Henri Izamo, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Jean-Bertrand Kongoma
- Direction du Service de Santé de la Gendarmerie, Sis Camp Henri Izamo, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Human Milk Research and Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe J. Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, Paris, France
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12
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Nguyen H, Herrmann F, König S, Goycoolea F, Hensel A. Structural characterization of the carbohydrate and protein part of arabinogalactan protein from Basella alba stem and antiadhesive activity of polysaccharides from B. alba against Helicobacter pylori. Fitoterapia 2022; 157:105132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Variations in the Composition of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Correlates with Effects on Both the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Host Inflammation: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051014. [PMID: 35267989 PMCID: PMC8912797 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human milk oligosaccharides are complex, non-digestible carbohydrates that directly interact with intestinal epithelial cells to alter barrier function and host inflammation. Oligosaccharide composition varies widely between individual mothers, but it is unclear if this inter-individual variation has any impact on intestinal epithelial barrier function and gut inflammation. Methods: Human milk oligosaccharides were extracted from the mature human milk of four individual donors. Using an in vitro model of intestinal injury, the effects of the oligosaccharides on the intestinal epithelial barrier and select innate and adaptive immune functions were assessed. Results: Individual oligosaccharide compositions shared comparable effects on increasing transepithelial electrical resistance and reducing the macromolecular permeability of polarized (Caco-2Bbe1) monolayers but exerted distinct effects on the localization of the intercellular tight junction protein zona occludins-1 in response to injury induced by a human enteric bacterial pathogen Escherichia coli, serotype O157:H7. Immunoblots showed the differential effects of oligosaccharide compositions in reducing host chemokine interleukin 8 expression and inhibiting of p38 MAP kinase activation. Conclusions: These results provide evidence of both shared and distinct effects on the host intestinal epithelial function that are attributable to inter-individual differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides.
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14
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Bagel A, Sergentet D. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Milk Fat Globules. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030496. [PMID: 35336072 PMCID: PMC8953591 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic Gram-negative bacteria. While raw milk cheese consumption is healthful, contamination with pathogens such as STEC can occur due to poor hygiene practices at the farm level. STEC infections cause mild to serious symptoms in humans. The raw milk cheese-making process concentrates certain milk macromolecules such as proteins and milk fat globules (MFGs), allowing the intrinsic beneficial and pathogenic microflora to continue to thrive. MFGs are surrounded by a biological membrane, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), which has a globally positive health effect, including inhibition of pathogen adhesion. In this review, we provide an update on the adhesion between STEC and raw MFGs and highlight the consequences of this interaction in terms of food safety, pathogen detection, and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bagel
- ‘Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment’ Research Team, Université de Lyon, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, CNRS (National Center of Scientific Research), VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l’Etoile, 69280 Lyon, France;
| | - Delphine Sergentet
- ‘Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment’ Research Team, Université de Lyon, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, CNRS (National Center of Scientific Research), VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l’Etoile, 69280 Lyon, France;
- Laboratoire d’Etudes des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes-French National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli Including Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (NRL-STEC), VetAgro Sup—Campus Vétérinaire, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l’Etoile, 69280 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
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15
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Vinjamuri A, Davis JCC, Totten SM, Wu LD, Klein LD, Martin M, Quinn EA, Scelza B, Breakey A, Gurven M, Jasienska G, Kaplan H, Valeggia C, Hinde K, Smilowitz JT, Bernstein RM, Zivkovic AM, Barratt MJ, Gordon JI, Underwood MA, Mills DA, German JB, Lebrilla CB. Human Milk Oligosaccharide Compositions Illustrate Global Variations in Early Nutrition. J Nutr 2022; 152:1239-1253. [PMID: 35179194 PMCID: PMC9071347 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are an abundant class of compounds found in human milk and have been linked to the development of the infant, and specifically the brain, immune system, and gut microbiome. OBJECTIVES Advanced analytical methods were used to obtain relative quantitation of many structures in approximately 2000 samples from over 1000 mothers in urban, semirural, and rural sites across geographically diverse countries. METHODS LC-MS-based analytical methods were used to profile the compounds with broad structural coverage and quantitative information. The profiles revealed their structural heterogeneity and their potential biological roles. Comparisons of HMO compositions were made between mothers of different age groups, lactation periods, infant sexes, and residing geographical locations. RESULTS A common behavior found among all sites was a decrease in HMO abundances during lactation until approximately postnatal month 6, where they remained relatively constant. The greatest variations in structural abundances were associated with the presence of α(1,2)-fucosylated species. Genomic analyses of the mothers were not performed; instead, milk was phenotyped according to the abundances of α(1,2)-fucosylated structures. Mothers from the South American sites tended to have higher proportions of phenotypic secretors [mothers with relatively high concentrations of α(1,2)-fucosylated structures] in their populations compared to the rest of the globe, with Bolivia at ∼100% secretors, Peru at ∼97%, Brazil at ∼90%, and Argentina at ∼85%. Conversely, the cohort sampled in Africa manifested the lowest proportion of secretors (South Africa ∼ 63%, the Gambia ∼ 64%, and Malawi ∼ 75%). Furthermore, we compared total abundances of HMOs in secretors compared with nonsecretors and found that nonsecretors have lower abundances of HMOs compared to secretors, regardless of geographical location. We also observed compositional differences of the 50+ most abundant HMOs between milk types and geographical locations. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the largest structural HMO study to date and reveals the general behavior of HMOs during lactation among different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Vinjamuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine C C Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Totten
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren D Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Laura D Klein
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Melanie Martin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E A Quinn
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brooke Scelza
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Grazyna Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Katie Hinde
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ,
USA
| | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robin M Bernstein
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA,Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Barratt
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO,
USA,Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO,
USA,Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Irons EE, Cortes Gomez E, Andersen VL, Lau JTY. Bacterial colonization and TH17 immunity are shaped by intestinal sialylation in neonatal mice. Glycobiology 2022; 32:414-428. [PMID: 35157771 PMCID: PMC9022908 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the neonate host and its gut microbiome are central to the development of a healthy immune system. However, the mechanisms by which animals alter early colonization of microbiota for their benefit remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of early-life expression of the α2,6-sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 in microbiome phylogeny and mucosal immunity. Fecal, upper respiratory, and oral microbiomes of pups expressing or lacking St6gal1 were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. At weaning, the fecal microbiome of St6gal1-KO mice had reduced Clostridiodes, Coprobacillus, and Adlercreutzia, but increased Helicobacter and Bilophila. Pooled fecal microbiomes from syngeneic donors were transferred to antibiotic-treated wild-type mice, before analysis of recipient mucosal immune responses by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, microscopy, and ELISA. Transfer of St6gal1-KO microbiome induced a mucosal Th17 response, with expression of T-bet and IL-17, and IL-22-dependent gut lengthening. Early life intestinal sialylation was characterized by RT-qPCR, immunoblot, microscopy, and sialyltransferase enzyme assays in genetic mouse models at rest or with glucocorticoid receptor modulators. St6gal1 expression was greatest in the duodenum, where it was mediated by the P1 promoter and efficiently inhibited by dexamethasone. Our data show that the inability to produce α2,6-sialyl ligands contributes to microbiome-dependent Th17 inflammation, highlighting a pathway by which the intestinal glycosylation regulates mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Irons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Valerie L Andersen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Corresponding author: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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17
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Variations in bovine milk oligosaccharides after calving using p-aminobenzoic ethyl ester closed-ring labeling and negative ion electrospray LC/MS/MS. J Food Drug Anal 2021; 29:738-750. [PMID: 35649141 PMCID: PMC9931018 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A strategy was proposed to analyze bovine milk oligosaccharides using p-aminobenzoic ethyl ester (ABEE) closed-ring labeling and C18 capillary liquid chromatography negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Linkage specific fragment ions were used to identify oligosaccharide isomers. By constructing the mass chromatograms using linkage specific fragment ions, isomers were differentiated based on m/z values as well as temporal separation provided by liquid chromatography. In addition to disialyllactose and the single isomer lacto-N-neohexaose, four pairs of linkage isomers including 3'/6'-sialyllactose (3'/6'-SL), 3'/6'-sialyllactosamine (3'/6'-SLN), 3'/6'-sialylgalactosyl-lactose (3'/6'-SGL), and lacto-N-tetraose/lacto-N-neotetraose (LNT/LNnT) in bovine milk were investigated. Variations of bovine milk oligosaccharides in a lactation period of 72 h after calving were studied. Sialylated oligosaccharide was found to be distinctively more abundant in milk of the first 24 h, decreasing in successive milkings. For the first time, the variation of lacto-N-tetraose in bovine milk was reported.
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18
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Wang Y, Ze X, Rui B, Li X, Zeng N, Yuan J, Li W, Yan J, Li M. Studies and Application of Sialylated Milk Components on Regulating Neonatal Gut Microbiota and Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:766606. [PMID: 34859034 PMCID: PMC8631720 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.766606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is rich in sialic acids (SA), which are commonly combined with milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. As a functional nutrient component, SA-containing milk components have received increasing attention in recent years. Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been demonstrated to promote the growth and metabolism of beneficial gut microbiota in infants, bringing positive outcomes to intestinal health and immune function. They also exhibit antiviral and bacteriostatic activities in the intestinal mucosa of new-borns, thereby inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to host cells. These properties play a pivotal role in regulating the intestinal microbial ecosystem and preventing the occurrence of neonatal inflammatory diseases. In addition, some recent studies also support the promoting effects of sialylated HMOs on neonatal bone and brain development. In addition to HMOs, sialylated glycoproteins and glycolipids are abundant in milk, and are also critical to neonatal health. This article reviews the current research progress in the regulation of sialylated milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates on neonatal gut microbiota and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- Science and Technology Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Binqi Rui
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinke Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nina Zeng
- Science and Technology Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieli Yuan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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19
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Hill DR, Chow JM, Buck RH. Multifunctional Benefits of Prevalent HMOs: Implications for Infant Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:3364. [PMID: 34684364 PMCID: PMC8539508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition during infancy and is associated with a broad range of health benefits. However, there remains a significant and persistent need for innovations in infant formula that will allow infants to access a wider spectrum of benefits available to breastfed infants. The addition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to infant formulas represents the most significant innovation in infant nutrition in recent years. Although not a direct source of calories in milk, HMOs serve as potent prebiotics, versatile anti-infective agents, and key support for neurocognitive development. Continuing improvements in food science will facilitate production of a wide range of HMO structures in the years to come. In this review, we evaluate the relationship between HMO structure and functional benefits. We propose that infant formula fortification strategies should aim to recapitulate a broad range of benefits to support digestive health, immunity, and cognitive development associated with HMOs in breastmilk. We conclude that acetylated, fucosylated, and sialylated HMOs likely confer important health benefits through multiple complementary mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachael H. Buck
- Abbott Nutrition, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (D.R.H.); (J.M.C.)
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20
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Jahan M, Francis N, Wynn P, Wang B. The Potential for Sialic Acid and Sialylated Glycoconjugates as Feed Additives to Enhance Pig Health and Production. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082318. [PMID: 34438776 PMCID: PMC8388453 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review discusses the current challenges in the pig industry and the potential nutritional significance of sialic acid (Sia) and glycoconjugates (Sia-GC’s) for pig health and nutrition. Sia is a nine-carbon acidic sugar which is present in various organs and body fluids of humans and animals. Sias contribute to many beneficial biological functions including pathogen resistance, immunomodulation, gut microbiota development, gut maturation, anti-inflammation and neurodevelopment. The role of Sias in regulating the metabolism of pigs has seldom been reported. However, we have documented significant beneficial effects of specific Sia-GC’s on health and production performance of sows and piglets. These findings are reviewed in relation to other studies while noting the beneficial effects of the inclusion of Sia, Sia containing oligosaccharide or the sialo-protein lactoferrin in the diets of gilts and sows. The importance of the passive transfer of of Sia and Sia-GC’s through milk to the young and the implications for their growth and development is also reviewed. This information will assist in optimizing the composition of sow/gilt milk replacers designed to increases the survival of IUGR piglets or piglets with dams suffering from agalactia, a common problem in pig production systems worldwide. Abstract Swine are one of the most important agricultural species for human food production. Given the significant disease challenges confronting commercial pig farming systems, introduction of a new feed additive that can enhance animal performance by improving growth and immune status represents a major opportunity. One such candidate is sialic acid (Sia), a diverse family of nine-carbon acidic sugar, present in various organs and body fluid, as well as an essential structural and functional constituent of brain ganglioside of humans and animals. Sias are key monosaccharide and biomarker of sialylated milk oligosaccharide (Sia-MOS’s), sialylated glycoproteins and glycolipids in milk and all vertebrate cells. Sias accomplish many critical endogenous functions by virtue of their physiochemical properties and via recognition by intrinsic receptors. Human milk sialylated glycoconjugates (Sia-GC’s) are bioactive compounds known to act as prebiotics that promote gut microbiota development, gut maturation, pathogen resistance, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation and neurodevelopment. However, the importance of Sia in pig health, especially in the growth, development, immunity of developing piglet and in pig production remains unknown. This review aims to critically discuss the current status of knowledge of the biology and nutritional role of Sia and Sia-GC’s on health of both female sow and newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bing Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-4549
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21
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Thein W, Po WW, Choi WS, Sohn UD. Autophagy and Digestive Disorders: Advances in Understanding and Therapeutic Approaches. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:353-364. [PMID: 34127572 PMCID: PMC8255139 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a series of hollow organs that is responsible for the digestion and absorption of ingested foods and the excretion of waste. Any changes in the GI tract can lead to GI disorders. GI disorders are highly prevalent in the population and account for substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. GI disorders can be functional, or organic with structural changes. Functional GI disorders include functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Organic GI disorders include inflammation of the GI tract due to chronic infection, drugs, trauma, and other causes. Recent studies have highlighted a new explanatory mechanism for GI disorders. It has been suggested that autophagy, an intracellular homeostatic mechanism, also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GI disorders. Autophagy has three primary forms: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. It may affect intestinal homeostasis, host defense against intestinal pathogens, regulation of the gut microbiota, and innate and adaptive immunity. Drugs targeting autophagy could, therefore, have therapeutic potential for treating GI disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of current understanding regarding the evidence for autophagy in GI diseases and updates on potential treatments, including drugs and complementary and alternative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynn Thein
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wah Wah Po
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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22
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Gao H, Qin Y, Zeng J, Yang Q, Jia T. Dietary intervention with sialylated lactulose affects the immunomodulatory activities of mice. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9494-9504. [PMID: 34176623 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four sialylated lactuloses [N-acetylneuraminic acid-α2,3-lactulose (Neu5Acα2,3lactulose), N-acetylneuraminic acid-α2,6-lactulose (Neu5Acα2,6lactulose), deaminoneuraminc acid-α2,3-lactulose (Kdnα2,3lactulose), and deaminoneuraminc acid-α-2,6-lactulose (Kdnα2,6lactulose)] were reported to modulate the immunity of mice. The influences of cytokine expression, cell immunity, humoral immunity, and nonspecific immunity were investigated in our study using several techniques. Analysis via ELISA showed that cytokine expression was induced by sialylated lactulose treatment consistently in the serum and spleen. Among the 4 tested sialylated lactuloses, Neu5Acα2,6lactulose performed the best, simultaneously and appropriately promoting the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in the serum and spleen. Kdnα2,3lactulose showed the best antioxidant activity according to detection of the activity of superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Flow cytometry revealed that only Kdnα2,3lactulose significantly boosted the CD3+ T lymphocyte ratio similarly to that of lactulose. Analysis of the hemolysin content to characterize humoral immunity revealed that Kdnα2,3lactulose notably increased hemolysin content compared with that in the control group. To evaluate the nonspecific immune effects of the 4 sialylated lactuloses, a fluorescence microsphere phagocytosis assay was used to analyze the phagocytosis of macrophages. Kdnα2,3lactulose still performed the best in enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages, showing markedly increased phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index values compared with those in the control and lactulose groups. Comparing the differences of these 4 sialylated lactuloses in affecting immunity in mice revealed that Kdnα2,3lactulose had the best overall performance in influencing cytokine expression, cell immunity, humoral immunity, and nonspecific immunity. This study provides critical support for use of sialylated lactuloses as potential immunomodulators in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Yueqi Qin
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Tian Jia
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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23
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Morrin ST, Buck RH, Farrow M, Hickey RM. Milk-derived anti-infectives and their potential to combat bacterial and viral infection. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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24
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Jorgensen JM, Young R, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Chaima D, Davis JCC, Goonatilleke E, Kumwenda C, Lebrilla CB, Maleta K, Sadalaki J, Totten SM, Wu LD, Zivkovic AM, Dewey KG. Associations of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bioactive Proteins with Infant Morbidity and Inflammation in Malawian Mother-Infant Dyads. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab072. [PMID: 34084993 PMCID: PMC8163417 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive proteins likely benefit infant health, but information on these relations is sparse. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine associations of milk content of HMOs and bioactive proteins with incidence and longitudinal prevalence of infant morbidity (any illness, fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory infection, and loss of appetite) and markers of inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)]. These are secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial. METHODS Breast milk samples at 6 mo postpartum (n = 659) were analyzed to quantify absolute abundance of HMOs, relative abundance of fucosylated HMOs, sialylated HMOs, and 51 individual HMOs, and concentrations of 6 bioactive proteins (lactalbumin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, antitrypsin, IgA, and osteopontin). We examined associations of these constituents with infant morbidity from 6 to 7 and 6 to 12 mo, and CRP and AGP at 6 and 18 mo, considering maternal secretor status [presence or absence of the functional enzyme encoded by the fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2) ] and adjusting for covariates and multiple hypothesis testing. RESULTS In secretors there were positive associations between total HMOs and longitudinal prevalence of fever (P = 0.032), between fucosylated HMOs and incidence of diarrhea (P = 0.026), and between lactoferrin and elevated CRP at 18 mo (P = 0.011). In nonsecretors, there were inverse associations between lactoferrin and incidence of fever (P = 0.007), between osteopontin and longitudinal prevalence of lost appetite (P = 0.038), and between fucosylated HMOs and incidence of diarrhea (P = 0.025), lost appetite (P = 0.019), and concentrations of AGP and CRP at 6 mo (P = 0.001 and 0.010); and positive associations between total HMOs and incidence of lost appetite (P = 0.024) and elevated CRP at 18 mo (P = 0.026), between lactalbumin and incidence of diarrhea (P = 0.006), and between lactoferrin and elevated CRP at 18 mo (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Certain HMOs and bioactive proteins were associated with infant morbidity and inflammation, particularly in nonsecretors. Further research is needed to elucidate the causality of these relations.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01239693.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M Jorgensen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Young
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - David Chaima
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jasmine C C Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Chiza Kumwenda
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - John Sadalaki
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Sarah M Totten
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren D Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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25
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Banga Ndzouboukou JL, Lei Q, Ullah N, Zhang Y, Hao L, Fan X. Helicobacter pylori adhesins: HpaA a potential antigen in experimental vaccines for H. pylori. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12758. [PMID: 33259676 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium involved in many gastric pathologies such as ulcers and cancers. Although the treatment for this infection has existed for several years, the development of a vaccine is nevertheless necessary to reduce the severe forms of the disease. For more than three decades, many advances have been made particularly in the understanding of virulence factors as well as the pathogenesis of gastric diseases caused by H. pylori. Among these key virulence factors, specific antigens have been identified: Urease, Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), Blood group antigen-binding adhesin (BabA), H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA), and others. OBJECTIVES This review will focus on H. pylori adhesins, in particular, on HpaA and on the current knowledge of H. pylori vaccines. METHODS All of the information included in this review was retrieved from published studies on H. pylori adhesins in H. pylori infections. RESULTS These proteins, used in their native or recombinant forms, induce protection against H. pylori in experimental animal models. CONCLUSION H. pylori adhesins are known to be promising candidate vaccines against H. pylori. Future research should be carried out on adhesins, in particular, on HpaA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Lewis Banga Ndzouboukou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nadeem Ullah
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yandi Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xionglin Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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26
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Development and Validation of a Bioanalytical Method for 3′- and 6′-Sialyllactose in Minipig Liver and Kidney Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Analysis of Tissue Distribution. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235721. [PMID: 33287423 PMCID: PMC7731434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), including sialyllactose (SL). SL is composed of sialic acid and lactose, and is divided into 3′-SL and 6′-SL according to the binding position. SL has immunoprotective effects against bacteria and viruses, and acts as a probiotic in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we developed a bioanalytical method for simultaneous analysis of 3′-SL and 6′-SL in liver and kidney tissues of Yucatan minipigs using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) under conditions optimized in our previous study. LC-MS/MS was performed using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium acetate in water (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A surrogate matrix method using water was applied for analysis of endogenous SL. The developed method was validated with regard to selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, the matrix effect, recovery, parallelism, dilution integrity, carryover, and stability according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. We performed a tissue distribution study of minipigs, and analyzed liver and kidney tissues using the developed method to determine the tissue distribution of 3′-SL and 6′-SL. The tissue concentrations of 3′-SL and 6′-SL were readily measurable, suggesting that the method would be useful for evaluating the tissue distributions of these compounds in minipigs.
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27
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Abstract
Numerous bioactive components exist in human milk including free oligosaccharides, which represent some of the most important, and provide numerous health benefits to the neonate. Considering the demonstrated value of these compounds, much interest lies in characterising structurally similar oligosaccharides in the dairy industry. In this study, the impacts of days post-parturition and parity of the cows on the oligosaccharide and lactose profiles of their milk were evaluated. Colostrum and milk samples were obtained from 18 cows 1–5 days after parturition. Three distinct phases were identified using multivariate analysis: colostrum (day 0), transitional milk (days 1–2) and mature milk (days 3–5). LS-tetrasaccharide c, lacto-N-neotetraose, disialyllacto-N-tetraose, 3’-sial-N-acetyllactosamine, 3’-sialyllactose, lacto-N-neohexaose and disialyllactose were found to be highly affiliated with colostrum. Notably, levels of lactose were at their lowest concentration in the colostrum and substantially increased 1-day post-parturition. The cow’s parity was also shown to have a significant effect on the oligosaccharide profile, with first lactation cows containing more disialyllacto-N-tetraose, 6’-sialyllactose and LS-tetrasaccharide compared to cows in their second or third parity. Overall, this study identifies key changes in oligosaccharide and lactose content that clearly distinguish colostrum from transitional and mature milk and may facilitate the collection of specific streams with divergent biological functions.
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28
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Lu Y, Yang Y, Liu L, Yu T, Zhao J, Liu L, Li C. Anti‐adhesive effects of sialic acid and
Lactobacillus plantarum
on
Staphylococcus aureus
in vitro. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Yuzhuo Yang
- Dairy Center Heilongjiang Green Food Research Institute Harbin China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Beijing China
| | - Tianshu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
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29
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In Love with Shaping You-Influential Factors on the Breast Milk Content of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Their Decisive Roles for Neonatal Development. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113568. [PMID: 33233832 PMCID: PMC7699834 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally versatile sugar molecules constituting the third major group of soluble components in human breast milk. Based on the disaccharide lactose, the mammary glands of future and lactating mothers produce a few hundreds of different HMOs implicating that their overall anabolism utilizes rather high amounts of energy. At first sight, it therefore seems contradictory that these sugars are indigestible for infants raising the question of why such an energy-intensive molecular class evolved. However, in-depth analysis of their molecular modes of action reveals that Mother Nature created HMOs for neonatal development, protection and promotion of health. This is not solely facilitated by HMOs in their indigestible form but also by catabolites that are generated by microbial metabolism in the neonatal gut additionally qualifying HMOs as natural prebiotics. This narrative review elucidates factors influencing the HMO composition as well as physiological roles of HMOs on their way through the infant body and within the gut, where a major portion of HMOs faces microbial catabolism. Concurrently, this work summarizes in vitro, preclinical and observational as well as interventional clinical studies that analyzed potential health effects that have been demonstrated by or were related to either human milk-derived or synthetic HMOs or HMO fractions.
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30
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Sun X, Zhang S, Ren J, Udenigwe CC. Sialic acid-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: Emerging trends in food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1713-1724. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1846157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Songyuan Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Ren
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Sun X, Zhang S, Udenigwe CC, Ren J, Li S, Wang H, Liu X. Wheat Germ-Derived Peptides Exert Antiadhesive Activity against Helicobacter pylori: Insights into Structural Characteristics of Identified Peptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11954-11974. [PMID: 32907328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 50-80% of the world population are infected with H. pylori, which is categorized as a class I carcinogen. Antiadhesive therapy is emerging as a promising alternative to antibiotics against bacterial infection. This study demonstrated that defatted wheat germ protein hydrolysates (DWGPH) effectively inhibited H. pylori adhesion to gastric epithelial cells. DWGPH prepared by pronase possessed the best activity where its inhibitory percentage at 10 mg/mL was 51.7 ± 6.8% and the minimum antiadhesive concentration was 0.31 mg/mL. The antiadhesive activity is attributable to peptides acting as receptor analogs in binding to H. pylori. Peptides with potential H. pylori-binding ability (n = 267) were identified, and their structural characteristics were comprehensively analyzed, including net charge, Boman index, instability index, aliphatic index, molecular weight, isoelectric point, hydrophobicity, and Hmoment (α-helix and β-sheet). This work provided an array of peptide sequences for further exploration as putative ligands of H. pylori adhesins and for elucidating molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Songyuan Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Chibuike C Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jian Ren
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
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32
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Walsh C, Lane JA, van Sinderen D, Hickey RM. Human milk oligosaccharides: Shaping the infant gut microbiota and supporting health. J Funct Foods 2020; 72:104074. [PMID: 32834834 PMCID: PMC7332462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex sugars which are found in breast milk at significant concentrations and with unique structural diversity. These sugars are the fourth most abundant component of human milk after water, lipids, and lactose and yet provide no direct nutritional value to the infant. Recent research has highlighted that HMOs have various functional roles to play in infant development. These sugars act as prebiotics by promoting growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria thereby generating short-chain fatty acids which are critical for gut health. HMOs also directly modulate host-epithelial immune responses and can selectively reduce binding of pathogenic bacteria and viruses to the gut epithelium preventing the emergence of a disease. This review covers current knowledge related to the functional biology of HMOs and their associated impact on infant gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh Walsh
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
- H&H Group, Global Research and Technology Centre, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jonathan A. Lane
- H&H Group, Global Research and Technology Centre, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rita M. Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
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33
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A Whey Fraction Rich in Immunoglobulin G Combined with Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 Exhibits Synergistic Effects against Campylobacter jejuni. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134632. [PMID: 32610704 PMCID: PMC7369907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence that whey proteins and peptides have health benefits beyond basic infant nutrition has increased dramatically in recent years. Previously, we demonstrated that a whey-derived immunoglobulin G-enriched powder (IGEP) enhanced adhesion of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 (B. infantis) to HT-29 cells. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of IGEP-treated B. infantis on preventing the attachment of highly invasive Campylobacter jejuni 81–176 (C. jejuni) to intestinal HT-29 cells. The combination decreased the adherence of C. jejuni to the HT-29 cells by an average of 48% compared to the control (non-IGEP-treated B. infantis). We also confirmed that treatment of IGEP with sodium metaperiodate, which disables the biological recognition of the conjugated oligosaccharides, reduced adhesion of B. infantis to the intestinal cells. Thus, glycosylation of the IGEP components may be important in enhancing B. infantis adhesion. Interestingly, an increased adhesion phenotype was not observed when B. infantis was treated with bovine serum-derived IgG, suggesting that bioactivity was unique to milk-derived immunoglobulin-rich powders. Notably, IGEP did not induce growth of B. infantis within a 24 hours incubation period, as demonstrated by growth curves and metabolite analysis. The current study provides insight into the functionality of bovine whey components and highlights their potential in positively impacting the development of a healthy microbiota.
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34
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Paganini D, Uyoga MA, Kortman GAM, Boekhorst J, Schneeberger S, Karanja S, Hennet T, Zimmermann MB. Maternal Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile Modulates the Impact of an Intervention with Iron and Galacto-Oligosaccharides in Kenyan Infants. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112596. [PMID: 31671757 PMCID: PMC6893608 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little data on human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition in Sub-Saharan Africa. Iron fortificants adversely affect the infant gut microbiota, while co-provision of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) mitigates most of the adverse effects. Whether variations in maternal HMO profile can influence the infant response to iron and/or GOS fortificants is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine HMO profiles and the secretor/non-secretor phenotype of lactating Kenyan mothers and investigate their effects on the maternal and infant gut microbiota, and on the infant response to a fortification intervention with 5 mg iron (2.5 mg as sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate and 2.5 mg as ferrous fumarate) and 7.5 g GOS. We studied mother–infant pairs (n = 80) participating in a 4-month intervention trial in which the infants (aged 6.5–9.5 months) received daily a micronutrient powder without iron, with iron or with iron and GOS. We assessed: (1) maternal secretor status and HMO composition; (2) effects of secretor status on the maternal and infant gut microbiota in a cross-sectional analysis at baseline of the intervention trial; and (3) interactions between secretor status and intervention groups during the intervention trial on the infant gut microbiota, gut inflammation, iron status, growth and infectious morbidity. Secretor prevalence was 72% and HMOs differed between secretors and non-secretors and over time of lactation. Secretor status did not predict the baseline composition of the maternal and infant gut microbiota. There was a secretor-status-by-intervention-group interaction on Bifidobacterium (p = 0.021), Z-scores for length-for-age (p = 0.022) and weight-for-age (p = 0.018), and soluble transferrin receptor (p = 0.041). In the no iron group, longitudinal prevalence of diarrhea was higher among infants of non-secretors (23.8%) than of secretors (10.4%) (p = 0.001). In conclusion, HMO profile may modulate the infant gut microbiota response to fortificant iron; compared to infants of secretor mothers, infants of non-secretor mothers may be more vulnerable to the adverse effect of iron but also benefit more from the co-provision of GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Paganini
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mary A Uyoga
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Jos Boekhorst
- NIZO Food Research BV, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands.
| | - Sacha Schneeberger
- Department of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Simon Karanja
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Department of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Jakobsen LMA, Sundekilde UK, Andersen HJ, Nielsen DS, Bertram HC. Lactose and Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides Synergistically Stimulate B. longum subsp. longum Growth in a Simplified Model of the Infant Gut Microbiome. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3086-3098. [PMID: 31264424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the importance of a healthy Bifidobacterium-rich microbiome has led to a need for more knowledge on how different prebiotic carbohydrates specifically impact the infant microbiome, especially as a community instead of single bacterial targets. In this study, we combined proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) metabolomics and molecular biology methods for quantification of bacteria to compare the prebiotic effect of bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) and synthetic galacto oligosaccharides (GOS) using mono- and cocultures of eight major bacteria related to a healthy infant microbiome. The results revealed that BMO treatments supported growth of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and Parabacteroides distasonis, while at the same time growth of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli was inhibited. In addition, there was a synergistic effect of combining lactose and BMO in regards to reducing C. perfringens, maintaining stable numbers of P. distasonis and simultaneously increasing numbers of the beneficial B. longum subsp. longum. These results indicate that the oligosaccharide composition plays a vital role in shaping the developing microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M A Jakobsen
- Department of Food Science , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , Årslev 5792 , Denmark
| | - Ulrik K Sundekilde
- Department of Food Science , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , Årslev 5792 , Denmark
| | - Henrik J Andersen
- Arla Food Ingredients Group P/S , Sønderhøj 10 , Viby J 8260 , Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30 , Frederiksberg C 1958 , Denmark
| | - Hanne C Bertram
- Department of Food Science , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , Årslev 5792 , Denmark
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Kan J, Cheng J, Xu L, Hood M, Zhong D, Cheng M, Liu Y, Chen L, Du J. The combination of wheat peptides and fucoidan protects against chronic superficial gastritis and alters gut microbiota: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1655-1666. [PMID: 31230147 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic gastritis is observed in almost half world population. Traditional medications against chronic gastritis might produce adverse effects, so alternative nutritional strategies are needed to prevent the aggravation of gastric mucosal damage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of the combination of wheat peptides and fucoidan (WPF) on adults diagnosed with chronic superficial gastritis in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS Participants were randomized to receive WPF (N = 53) or placebo (N = 53) once daily for 45 days. Pathological grading of gastric mucosal damage was scored using gastroscopy. Fecal samples were collected for the determination of calprotectin, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels and metagenomics analysis. Questionnaires for self-reported gastrointestinal discomforts, life quality and food frequency were collected throughout the study. RESULTS WPF intervention reduced gastric mucosal damage in 70% subjects (P < 0.001). Significantly less stomach pain (P < 0.001), belching (P = 0.028), bloating (P < 0.001), acid reflux (P < 0.001), loss of appetite (P = 0.021), increased food intake (P = 0.020), and promoted life quality (P = 0.014) were reported in the WPF group. WPF intervention significantly decreased fecal calprotectin level (P = 0.003) while slightly increased fecal SCFAs level (P = 0.092). In addition, we found altered microbiota composition post-intervention with increased Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (P = 0.032), Eubacterium siraeum (P = 0.036), Bacteroides intestinalis (P = 0.024) and decreased Prevotella copri (P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS WPF intervention could be utilized as a nutritional alternative to mitigate the progression of chronic gastritis. Furthermore, WPF played an important role in altering gut microbial profile and SCFA production, which might benefit the lower gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D Center, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junrui Cheng
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D Center, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Leiming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Molly Hood
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D Center, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Dingfu Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Wenrong Hospital, Jinhua, 321013, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Yumin Liu
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D Center, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D Center, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D Center, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Meroni G, Zamarian V, Prussiani C, Bronzo V, Lecchi C, Martino PA, Ceciliani F. The bovine acute phase protein α 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) can disrupt Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:93-100. [PMID: 31282384 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-related infections are of clinical concern due to the capability of bacterial colonies to adapt to a hostile environment. The present study investigated the capability of the acute phase protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) to a) disrupt already established S. aureus biofilm and b) interfere with the biofilm de novo production by using Microtiter Plate assay (MtP) on field strains isolated from infected quarters by assessing. The present study also investigated whether AGP could interfere with the expression of bacterial genes related to biofilm formation (icaA, icaD, icaB, and icaC) and adhesive virulence determinants (fnbA, fnbB, clfA, clfB, fib, ebps, eno) by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results provided the evidence that AGP could disrupt the biofilm structure only when it was already developed, but could not prevent the de novo biofilm formation. Moreover, AGP could interfere with the expression levels of genes involved in biofilm formation in a dose- and strain-dependent way, by upregulating, or downregulating, icaABC genes and fnbB, respectively. The results presented in this study provide new insights about the direct antibacterial activity of AGP in bovine milk. It remains to be demonstrated the molecular bases of AGP mechanism of action, in particular for what concerns the scarce capability to interact with the de novo formation of biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Meroni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zamarian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Prussiani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Craft KM, Thomas HC, Townsend SD. Sialylated variants of lacto-N-tetraose exhibit antimicrobial activity against Group B Streptococcus. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1893-1900. [PMID: 30229793 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) possess antimicrobial activity against a number of bacterial pathogens. HMOs prevent infection by serving as decoy receptors that competitively bind pathogens thus preventing pathogen attachment to host epithelial cell receptors. In a second mechanistic pathway, we recently demonstrated that heterogenous HMO extracts exert antimicrobial action against Group B Streptococcus by increasing cellular permeability. As human milk contains ca. 200 unique glycans however, our understanding of which pharmacophores are most important to HMO antimicrobial activity remains immature. In the present study, we describe the first evaluation of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of five structurally defined, ubiquitous sialylated HMOs against Group B Streptococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Craft
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, 7300 Stevenson Science Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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De Leoz MLA, Simón-Manso Y, Woods RJ, Stein SE. Cross-Ring Fragmentation Patterns in the Tandem Mass Spectra of Underivatized Sialylated Oligosaccharides and Their Special Suitability for Spectrum Library Searching. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:426-438. [PMID: 30565163 PMCID: PMC6416239 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reference spectral library searching, while widely used to identify compounds in other areas of mass spectrometry, is not commonly used in glycomics. Building on a study by Cotter and coworkers on analysis of sialylated oligosaccharides using atmospheric pressure-matrix-assisted laser-induced tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), we show that library search methods enable the automated differentiation of such sialylated oligosaccharide isomers using MS/MS derived from electrospray collision-induced dissociation in ion trap and beam-type fragmentation mass spectrometers. We compare MS/MS spectra of five sets of native sialylated oligosaccharide isomers and show a spectral library search method that can distinguish between these isomers using the precursor ion [M+2X-H]+, where X=Li, Na, or K. Sialic acid linkage (α2,3 vs. α2,6) is known to have a dramatic effect on the fragmentation of the sialylated compounds. We found that 2,4A3 cross-ring fragment at the terminal monosaccharide in sialyllactoses, sialyllactosamines, and sialyl pentasaccharides is highly abundant in the MS/MS spectra of [M+2X-H]+ species of α2,6-NeuAc glycans, while (2,4A3-H2O) fragment is highly abundant in α2,3-NeuAc moiety. The 2,4A3-H2O peak is specific to NeuAc-α2,3-Gal-β1,4-Y (Y=GlcNAc or Glc). To our knowledge, this observation was not reported previously. Theoretical calculations reveal major conformational differences between α2,6-NeuAc and α2,3-NeuAc structures that provide reasonable explanations for the observed fragmentation patterns. Other singly-charged ions ([M+X]+) do not show similar cross-ring cleavages. Implemented in a searchable library, these spectral differences provide a facile method to distinguish sialyl isomers without derivatization. We also found good spectral matching across instruments. MS/MS spectra and tools are available at http://chemdata.nist.gov/glycan/spectra . Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lorna A De Leoz
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards & Technology, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2500 Regency Parkway, Cary, NC, 27518, USA.
| | - Yamil Simón-Manso
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards & Technology, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Stephen E Stein
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards & Technology, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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Mendez R, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya SK, Banerjee S. Lung inflammation and disease: A perspective on microbial homeostasis and metabolism. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:152-165. [PMID: 30466159 PMCID: PMC6352907 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is now well appreciated that the human microbiome plays a significant role in a number of processes in the body, significantly affecting its metabolic, inflammatory, and immune homeostasis. Recent research has revealed that almost every mucosal surface in the human body is associated with a resident commensal microbiome of its own. While the gut microbiome and its role in regulation of host metabolism along with its alteration in a disease state has been well studied, there is a lacuna in understanding the resident microbiota of other mucosal surfaces. Among these, the scientific information on the role of lung microbiota in pulmonary diseases is currently severely limited. Historically, lungs have been considered to be sterile and lung diseases have only been studied in the context of bacterial pathogenesis. Recently however, studies have revealed a resilient microbiome in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and there is increased evidence on its central role in respiratory diseases. Knowledge of lung microbiome and its metabolic fallout (local and systemic) is still in its nascent stages and attracting immense interest in recent times. In this review, we will provide a perspective on lung-associated metabolic disorders defined for lung diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and respiratory depression due to infection) and correlate it with lung microbial perturbation. Such perturbations may be due to altered biochemical or metabolic stress as well. Finally, we will draw evidence from microbiome and classical microbiology literature to demonstrate how specific lung morbidities associate with specific metabolic characteristics of the disease, and with the role of microbiome in this context. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):152-165, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mendez
- Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Santanu Banerjee
- Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Florida, USA
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41
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Abstract
We review what is currently understood about how the structure of the primary solid component of mucus, the glycoprotein mucin, gives rise to the mechanical and biochemical properties of mucus that are required for it to perform its diverse physiological roles. Macroscale processes such as lubrication require mucus of a certain stiffness and spinnability, which are set by structural features of the mucin network, including the identity and density of cross-links and the degree of glycosylation. At the microscale, these same features affect the mechanical environment experienced by small particles and play a crucial role in establishing an interaction-based filter. Finally, mucin glycans are critical for regulating microbial interactions, serving as receptor binding sites for adhesion, as nutrient sources, and as environmental signals. We conclude by discussing how these structural principles can be used in the design of synthetic mucin-mimetic materials and provide suggestions for directions of future work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Wagner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K M Wheeler
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
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42
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Zeng J, Hu Y, Jia T, Zhang R, Su T, Sun J, Gao H, Li G, Cao M, Song M. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialylated lactuloses and their inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199334. [PMID: 29924858 PMCID: PMC6010273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sialylated glycoconjugates play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. However, available sialylated oligosaccharides source is limited which is a barrier to study their biological roles. This work reports an efficient approach to produce sialic acid-modified lactuloses and investigates their inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Methods A one-pot two-enzyme (OPTE) sialylation system was used to efficiently synthesize sialylated lactuloses. Silica gel flash chromatography column was employed to purify the sialylated products. The purity and identity of the product structures were confirmed with mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The inhibitory effect of sialylated lactuloses against S. aureus was evaluated by using microplate assay, fluorescence microscopy, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) fluorescence staining and protein leakage quantification. Results Neu5Ac-containing sialylated lactuloses with either α2,3- or α2,6-linkages were efficiently synthesized via an efficient OPTE sialylation system using α-2,3-sialyltransferase or α-2,6-sialyltransferase, respectively. Neu5Ac-α2,3-lactulose and Neu5Ac-α2,6-lactulose significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus. Fluorescence microscopy and DAPI fluorescence staining indicated that the sialylated lactuloses might disrupt nucleic acid synthesis of S. aureus. Conclusions Neu5Ac-containing sialylated lactuloses had higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus than non-sialylated lactulose. The inhibitory effect of Neu5Ac-α2,3-lactulose was superior to that of Neu5Ac-α2,6-lactulose. The sialylated lactuloses might inhibit S. aureus by causing cell membrane leakage and disrupting nucleic acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yajie Hu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tian Jia
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruiyao Zhang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tongchao Su
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junliang Sun
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guanglei Li
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Cao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengdi Song
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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Relationships Between Perinatal Interventions, Maternal-Infant Microbiomes, and Neonatal Outcomes. Clin Perinatol 2018; 45:339-355. [PMID: 29747892 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome acquires its vastness and diversity over a relatively short time period during development. Much is unknown, however, about the precise prenatal versus postnatal timing or its sources and determinants. Given early evidence of a role for influences during pregnancy and early neonatal and infant life on the microbiome and subsequent metabolic health, research investigating the development and shaping of the microbiome in the fetus and neonate is an important arena for study. This article reviews the relevant available literature and future questions on what shapes the microbiome during early development and mechanisms for doing so.
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Craft KM, Townsend SD. The Human Milk Glycome as a Defense Against Infectious Diseases: Rationale, Challenges, and Opportunities. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:77-83. [PMID: 29140081 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Each year over 3 million people die from infectious diseases with most of these deaths being poor and young children who live in low- and middle-income countries. Infectious diseases emerge for a multitude of reasons. On the social front, reasons include a breakdown of public health standards, international travel, and immigration (for financial, civil, and social reasons). At the molecular level, the modern rise of infectious diseases is tied to the juxtaposition of drug-resistant pathogens and a lack of new antimicrobials. The consequence is the possibility that humankind will return to the preantibiotic era wherein millions of people will perish from what should be trivial illnesses. Given the stakes, it is imperative that the chemistry community take leadership in delivering new antibiotic leads for clinical development. We believe this can happen through innovation in two areas. First is the development of novel chemical scaffolds to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. The second area, which is not exclusive to the first, is the generation of antibiotics that do not cause collateral damage to the host or the host's microbiome. Both can be enabled through advances in chemical synthesis. It is with this general philosophy in mind that we hypothesized human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) could serve as novel chemical scaffolds for antibacterial development. We provide herein a personal account of our laboratory's progress toward the goal of using HMOs as a defense against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Craft
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, 896 Preston Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Yan J, Ding J, Jin G, Yu D, Yu L, Long Z, Guo Z, Chai W, Liang X. Profiling of Sialylated Oligosaccharides in Mammalian Milk Using Online Solid Phase Extraction-Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled with Negative-Ion Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3174-3182. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaowa Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dongping Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhen Long
- Thermofisher Scientific Corporation, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
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Henrick BM, Yao XD, Nasser L, Roozrogousheh A, Rosenthal KL. Breastfeeding Behaviors and the Innate Immune System of Human Milk: Working Together to Protect Infants against Inflammation, HIV-1, and Other Infections. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1631. [PMID: 29238342 PMCID: PMC5712557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of infants’ breastfeeding from their HIV-infected mothers do not acquire HIV-1 infection despite exposure to cell-free virus and cell-associated virus in HIV-infected breast milk. Paradoxically, exclusive breastfeeding regardless of the HIV status of the mother has led to a significant decrease in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) compared with non-exclusive breastfeeding. Although it remains unclear how these HIV-exposed infants remain uninfected despite repeated and prolonged exposure to HIV-1, the low rate of transmission is suggestive of a multitude of protective, short-lived bioactive innate immune factors in breast milk. Indeed, recent studies of soluble factors in breast milk shed new light on mechanisms of neonatal HIV-1 protection. This review highlights the role and significance of innate immune factors in HIV-1 susceptibility and infection. Prevention of MTCT of HIV-1 is likely due to multiple factors, including innate immune factors such as lactoferrin and elafin among many others. In pursuing this field, our lab was the first to show that soluble toll-like receptor 2 (sTLR2) directly inhibits HIV infection, integration, and inflammation. More recently, we demonstrated that sTLR2 directly binds to selective HIV-1 proteins, including p17, gp41, and p24, leading to significantly reduced NFκB activation, interleukin-8 production, CCR5 expression, and HIV infection in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, a clearer understanding of soluble milk-derived innate factors with known antiviral functions may provide new therapeutic insights to reduce vertical HIV-1 transmission and will have important implications for protection against HIV-1 infection at other mucosal sites. Furthermore, innate bioactive factors identified in human milk may serve not only in protecting infants against infections and inflammation but also the elderly; thus, opening the door for novel innate immune therapeutics to protect newborns, infants, adults, and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Henrick
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Xiao-Dan Yao
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Laila Nasser
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ava Roozrogousheh
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth L Rosenthal
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Feeney S, Ryan JT, Kilcoyne M, Joshi L, Hickey R. Glycomacropeptide Reduces Intestinal Epithelial Cell Barrier Dysfunction and Adhesion of Entero-Hemorrhagic and Entero-Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Vitro. Foods 2017; 6:foods6110093. [PMID: 29077065 PMCID: PMC5704137 DOI: 10.3390/foods6110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the potential of glycosylated food components to positively influence health has received considerable attention. Milk is a rich source of biologically active glycoconjugates which are associated with antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-adhesion, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic properties. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is the C-terminal portion of kappa-casein that is released from whey during cheese-making by the action of chymosin. Many of the biological properties associated with GMP, such as anti-adhesion, have been linked with the carbohydrate portion of the protein. In this study, we investigated the ability of GMP to inhibit the adhesion of a variety of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains to HT-29 and Caco-2 intestinal cell lines, given the importance of E. coli in causing bacterial gastroenteritis. GMP significantly reduced pathogen adhesion, albeit with a high degree of species specificity toward enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains O125:H32 and O111:H2 and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strain 12900 O157:H7. The anti-adhesive effect resulted from the interaction of GMP with the E. coli cells and was also dependent on GMP concentration. Pre-incubation of intestinal Caco-2 cells with GMP reduced pathogen translocation as represented by a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Thus, GMP is an effective in-vitro inhibitor of adhesion and epithelial injury caused by E. coli and may have potential as a biofunctional ingredient in foods to improve gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Feeney
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Joseph Thomas Ryan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Rita Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Modification of Ganglioside Content of Human Gastric Epithelial Cell Membrane Decreases Helicobacter pylori Adhesion. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 65:456-461. [PMID: 28945209 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In polarized cells, ganglioside location determines ganglioside function. Diet alters ganglioside content and composition in cell membranes. Ganglioside acts as a receptor for Helicobacter pylori. H pylori infects the stomach epithelium and may cause peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The present study used purified gangliosides to modify the ganglioside composition of human gastric epithelial cells in vitro to reduce H pylori adhesion. METHODS A human gastric epithelial cell line (NCI-N87) was cultured with a ganglioside mix or with pure ganglioside (GM3 or GD3) at different concentrations (0-30 μg/mL) and ganglioside membrane content of gastric cells was determined after 48 hours. LC/triple quadrupole MS was used to analyse ganglioside concentration. H pylori was inoculated into the culture media of gastric cells previously treated with gangliosides GM3 or GD3 or a combination of GM3 and GD3. RESULTS GD3 and GM3 content increased in the plasma membrane in a dose-dependent manner. Gastric cells treated with GD3 showed more GM3 content than GD3 (P < 0.01). Ganglioside content was modified in the apical membrane, but GM3 and GD3 were also found in the basolateral membrane after treatments. Gastric cells treated with GM3, GD3 or the combination of GM3:GD3 decreased H pylori adhesion to gastric cells at all ganglioside concentrations tested by 80% compared with untreated gastric cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that GD3 and GM3 present in the stomach lumen may be taken up into the apical gastric membrane and decrease H pylori adhesion to the epithelium.
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Douëllou T, Montel M, Thevenot Sergentet D. Invited review: Anti-adhesive properties of bovine oligosaccharides and bovine milk fat globule membrane-associated glycoconjugates against bacterial food enteropathogens. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3348-3359. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Guo L, Zhang J, Cui L, Liu D, Ma B, Wang S, Li H, Wu Y, Liu W. Crystallization and X-ray analysis of the extracellular adhesion domain of Helicobacter pylori adhesin A: the significance of the cation composition in the crystallization precipitant. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:202-208. [PMID: 28368278 PMCID: PMC5379169 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence to host cells is a crucial step in the process of bacterial infection, which is usually mediated by a number of outer membrane proteins identified as adhesins. Helicobacter pylori adhesin A (HpaA) is a member of the adhesin family that mediates the adherence of Helicobacter pylori to gastric epithelial cells, and consequently assists the bacteria in becoming a life-long colonizer of the human stomach. In this study, two constructs were made for the production of truncated HpaA proteins comprising residues 31-260 and 53-260, respectively. The products of both constructs were crystallized, but only the protein from the shorter construct (residues 53-260) formed crystals that were capable of diffraction. In the subsequent optimization trials, crystals in different forms were unexpectedly obtained by using lithium sulfate and ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. An X-ray data set was collected to 1.95 Å resolution on beamline BL18U1 at SSRF using a crystal grown with 1.92 M lithium sulfate, which belonged to space group P65 with unit-cell parameters a = b = 95.42, c = 54.72 Å, γ = 120°, while another crystal grown with 1.9 M ammonium sulfate diffracted to 2.60 Å resolution and the collected data set was indexed in space group P21212, with unit-cell parameters a = 121.01, b = 190.56, c = 106.31 Å. The collection of diffraction data has established a solid basis for structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Institute of Immunology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Cui
- Institute of Immunology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- Institute of Immunology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Medical Division, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Institute of Immunology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Immunology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
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