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Holton SE, Mitchem M, Chalian H, Pipavath S, Morrell ED, Bhatraju PK, Hamerman JA, Speake C, Malhotra U, Wurfel MM, Ziegler SE, Mikacenic C. Mediators of monocyte chemotaxis and matrix remodeling are associated with mortality and pulmonary fibroproliferation in patients with severe COVID-19. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0285638. [PMID: 39106254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a fibroproliferative phase that may be followed by pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis following COVID-19 pneumonia has been described at autopsy and following lung transplantation. We hypothesized that protein mediators of tissue remodeling and monocyte chemotaxis are elevated in the plasma and endotracheal aspirates of critically ill patients with COVID-19 who subsequently develop features of pulmonary fibroproliferation. We enrolled COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU with hypoxemic respiratory failure. (n = 195). Plasma was collected within 24h of ICU admission and at 7d. In mechanically ventilated patients, endotracheal aspirates (ETA) were collected. Protein concentrations were measured by immunoassay. We tested for associations between protein concentrations and respiratory outcomes using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, treatment with steroids, and APACHE III score. In a subset of patients who had CT scans during hospitalization (n = 75), we tested for associations between protein concentrations and radiographic features of fibroproliferation. Among the entire cohort, plasma IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, and Amphiregulin levels were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. In addition, higher plasma concentrations of CCL2, IL-6, TNF-α, Amphiregulin, and CXCL12 were associated with fewer ventilator-free days. We identified 20/75 patients (26%) with features of fibroproliferation. Within 24h of ICU admission, no measured plasma proteins were associated with a fibroproliferative response. However, when measured 96h-128h after admission, Amphiregulin was elevated in those that developed fibroproliferation. ETAs were not correlated with plasma measurements and did not show any association with mortality, ventilator-free days (VFDs), or fibroproliferative response. This cohort study identifies proteins of tissue remodeling and monocyte recruitment are associated with in-hospital mortality, fewer VFDs, and radiographic fibroproliferative response. Measuring changes in these proteins over time may allow for early identification of patients with severe COVID-19 at risk for fibroproliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Holton
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Mallorie Mitchem
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Hamid Chalian
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sudhakar Pipavath
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Eric D Morrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Pavan K Bhatraju
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Cate Speake
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Uma Malhotra
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark M Wurfel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Steven E Ziegler
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Carmen Mikacenic
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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2
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Shin HJ, Lee W, Ku KB, Yoon GY, Moon HW, Kim C, Kim MH, Yi YS, Jun S, Kim BT, Oh JW, Siddiqui A, Kim SJ. SARS-CoV-2 aberrantly elevates mitochondrial bioenergetics to induce robust virus propagation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:125. [PMID: 38734691 PMCID: PMC11088672 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a 'highly transmissible respiratory pathogen, leading to severe multi-organ damage. However, knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular alterations is limited. In this study, we report that SARS-CoV-2 aberrantly elevates mitochondrial bioenergetics and activates the EGFR-mediated cell survival signal cascade during the early stage of viral infection. SARS-CoV-2 causes an increase in mitochondrial transmembrane potential via the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-nucleocapsid cluster, thereby abnormally promoting mitochondrial elongation and the OXPHOS process, followed by enhancing ATP production. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 activates the EGFR signal cascade and subsequently induces mitochondrial EGFR trafficking, contributing to abnormal OXPHOS process and viral propagation. Approved EGFR inhibitors remarkably reduce SARS-CoV-2 propagation, among which vandetanib exhibits the highest antiviral efficacy. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with vandetanib decreases SARS-CoV-2-induced EGFR trafficking to the mitochondria and restores SARS-CoV-2-induced aberrant elevation in OXPHOS process and ATP generation, thereby resulting in the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 propagation. Furthermore, oral administration of vandetanib to SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2 transgenic mice reduces SARS-CoV-2 propagation in lung tissue and mitigates SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation. Vandetanib also exhibits potent antiviral activity against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including alpha, beta, delta and omicron, in in vitro cell culture experiments. Taken together, our findings provide novel insight into SARS-CoV-2-induced alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and EGFR trafficking during the early stage of viral infection and their roles in robust SARS-CoV-2 propagation, suggesting that EGFR is an attractive host target for combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Shin
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Lee
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Bon Ku
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Young Yoon
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Moon
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chonsaeng Kim
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Kim
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sun Yi
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmi Jun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Tae Kim
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Aleem Siddiqui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seong-Jun Kim
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Amegashie EA, Asamoah P, Ativi LEA, Adusei-Poku M, Bonney EY, Tagoe EA, Paintsil E, Torpey K, Quaye O. Clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10059. [PMID: 38628843 PMCID: PMC11020089 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) usually suffer from co-infections and co-morbidities including respiratory tract infections. SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to cause respiratory infections. There are uncertainties in the disease severity and immunological response among PLWH who are co-infected with COVID-19. This review outlines the current knowledge on the clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 among PLWH. Literature was searched in Google scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct conforming with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from studies published from January 2020 to June 2023. A total of 81 studies from 25 countries were identified, and RT-PCR was used in confirming COVID-19 in 80 of the studies. Fifty-seven studies assessed risk factors and clinical outcomes in HIV patients co-infected with COVID-19. Thirty-nine of the studies indicated the following factors being associated with severe outcomes in HIV/SARS-CoV-2: older age, the male sex, African American race, smoking, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, low CD4+ count, high viral load, tuberculosis, high levels of inflammatory markers, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, interruption, and delayed initiation of ART. The severe outcomes are patients' hospitalization, admission at intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, and death. Twenty (20) studies, however, reported no difference in clinical presentation among co-infected compared to mono-infected individuals. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection was investigated in 25 studies, with some of the studies reporting high levels of inflammatory markers, T cell exhaustion and lower positive conversion rate of IgG in PLWH. There is scanty information on the cytokines that predisposes to severity among HIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infected individuals on combined ART. More research work should be carried out to validate co-infection-related cytokines and/or immune markers to SARS-CoV-2 among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prince Asamoah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lawrencia Emefa Ami Ativi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mildred Adusei-Poku
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Yayra Bonney
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Elijah Paintsil
- Department of Paediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kwasi Torpey
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Shen C, Fan X, Mao Y, Jiang J. Amphiregulin in lung diseases: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37292. [PMID: 38394508 PMCID: PMC10883632 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphiregulin is a member of the EGFR family, which is involved in many physiological and pathological processes through its binding with EGFR. Studies have found that amphiregulin plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung diseases. This paper mainly reviews the structure and function of amphiregulin and focuses on the important role of amphiregulin in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Linping Branch, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Linping Branch, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Linping Branch, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Linping Branch, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Moatar AI, Chis AR, Nitusca D, Oancea C, Marian C, Sirbu IO. HB-EGF Plasmatic Level Contributes to the Development of Early Risk Prediction Nomogram for Severe COVID-19 Cases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:373. [PMID: 38397975 PMCID: PMC10886796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-like Growth Factor (HB-EGF) is involved in wound healing, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart development processes. Recently, circulant HB-EGF was reported upregulated in severely hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, the clinical correlations of HB-EGF plasma levels with COVID-19 patients' characteristics have not been defined yet. In this study, we assessed the plasma HB-EGF correlations with the clinical and paraclinical patients' data, evaluated its predictive clinical value, and built a risk prediction model for severe COVID-19 cases based on the resulting significant prognostic markers. (2) Methods: Our retrospective study enrolled 75 COVID-19 patients and 17 control cases from May 2020 to September 2020. We quantified plasma HB-EGF levels using the sandwich ELISA technique. Correlations between HB-EGF plasma levels with clinical and paraclinical patients' data were calculated using two-tailed Spearman and Point-Biserial tests. Significantly upregulated parameters for severe COVID-19 cases were identified and selected to build a multivariate logistic regression prediction model. The clinical significance of the prediction model was assessed by risk prediction nomogram and decision curve analyses. (3) Results: HB-EGF plasma levels were significantly higher in the severe COVID-19 subgroup compared to the controls (p = 0.004) and moderate cases (p = 0.037). In the severe COVID-19 group, HB-EGF correlated with age (p = 0.028), pulse (p = 0.016), dyspnea (p = 0.014) and prothrombin time (PT) (p = 0.04). The multivariate risk prediction model built on seven identified risk parameters (age p = 0.043, HB-EGF p = 0.0374, Fibrinogen p = 0.009, PT p = 0.008, Creatinine p = 0.026, D-Dimers p = 0.024 and delta miR-195 p < 0.0001) identifies severe COVID-19 with AUC = 0.9556 (p < 0.0001). The decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram model is clinically relevant throughout a wide threshold probability range. (4) Conclusions: Upregulated HB-EGF plasma levels might serve as a prognostic factor for severe COVID-19 and help build a reliable risk prediction nomogram that improves the identification of high-risk patients at an early stage of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ioana Moatar
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.I.M.); (D.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (I.-O.S.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aimee Rodica Chis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (I.-O.S.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Nitusca
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.I.M.); (D.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (I.-O.S.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Oancea
- Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Marian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (I.-O.S.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan-Ovidiu Sirbu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (I.-O.S.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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6
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Perez-Favila A, Garza-Veloz I, Hernandez-Marquez LDS, Gutierrez-Vela EF, Flores-Morales V, Martinez-Fierro ML. Antifibrotic Drugs against Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches and Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1562. [PMID: 38338840 PMCID: PMC10855955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the health and economy of the global population. Even after recovery from the disease, post-COVID-19 symptoms, such as pulmonary fibrosis, continue to be a concern. This narrative review aims to address pulmonary fibrosis (PF) from various perspectives, including the fibrotic mechanisms involved in idiopathic and COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis. On the other hand, we also discuss the current therapeutic drugs in use, as well as those undergoing clinical or preclinical evaluation. Additionally, this article will address various biomarkers with usefulness for PF prediction, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and severity assessment in order to provide better treatment strategies for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y CS, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (A.P.-F.); (I.G.-V.); (L.d.S.H.-M.); (E.F.G.-V.); (V.F.-M.)
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7
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Noh SS, Shin HJ. Role of Virus-Induced EGFR Trafficking in Proviral Functions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1766. [PMID: 38136637 PMCID: PMC10741569 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in the early 1980s, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a pivotal and multifaceted player in elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying various human diseases and their associations with cell survival, proliferation, and cellular homeostasis. Recent advancements in research have underscored the profound and multifaceted role of EGFR in viral infections, highlighting its involvement in viral entry, replication, and the subversion of host immune responses. In this regard, the importance of EGFR trafficking has also been highlighted in recent studies. The dynamic relocation of EGFR to diverse intracellular organelles, including endosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, and even the nucleus, is a central feature of its functionality in diverse contexts. This dynamic intracellular trafficking is not merely a passive process but an orchestrated symphony, facilitating EGFR involvement in various cellular pathways and interactions with viral components. Furthermore, EGFR, which is initially anchored on the plasma membrane, serves as a linchpin orchestrating viral entry processes, a crucial early step in the viral life cycle. The role of EGFR in this context is highly context-dependent and varies among viruses. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the intricate interactions between EGFR and viruses. These interactions are fundamental for successful propagation of a wide array of viral species and affect viral pathogenesis and host responses. Understanding EGFR significance in both normal cellular processes and viral infections may not only help develop innovative antiviral therapies but also provide a deeper understanding of the intricate roles of EGFR signaling in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Sil Noh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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8
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Singh G, Warang P, García-Bernalt Diego J, Chang L, Bykov Y, Singh S, Pache L, Cuadrado-Castano S, Webb B, Garcia-Sastre A, Schotsaert M. Host immune responses associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection result in protection or pathology during reinfection depending on mouse genetic background. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3637405. [PMID: 38077015 PMCID: PMC10705603 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3637405/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Rapid emergence of antigenic distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants implies a greater risk of reinfection as viruses can escape neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccination or previous viral exposure. Disease severity during COVID-19 depends on many variables such as age-related comorbidities, host immune status and genetic variation. The host immune response during infection with SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to disease severity, which can range from asymptomatic to severe with fatal outcome. Furthermore, the extent of host immune response activation may rely on underlying genetic predisposition for disease or protection. To address these questions, we performed immune profiling studies in mice with different genetic backgrounds - transgenic K18-hACE2 and wild-type 129S1 mice - subjected to reinfection with the severe disease-causing SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 variant, 30 days after experimental milder BA.1 infection. BA.1 preinfection conferred protection against B.1.351-induced morbidity in K18-hACE2 mice but aggravated disease in 129S1 mice. We found that he cytokine/chemokine profile in B.1.351 re-infected 129S1mice is similar to that during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and is characterized by a much higher level of IL-10, IL-1β, IL-18 and IFN-γ, whereas in B.1.351 re-infected K18-hACE2 mice, the cytokine profile echoes the signature of naïve mice undergoing viral infection for the first time. Interestingly, the enhanced pathology observed in 129S1 mice upon reinfection cannot be attributed to a less efficient induction of adaptive immune responses to the initial BA.1 infection, as both K18-hACE2 and 129S1 mice exhibited similar B and T cell responses at 30 DPI against BA.1, with similar anti-BA.1 or B.1.351 spike-specific ELISA binding titers, levels of germinal center B-cells, and SARS-CoV-2-Spike specific tissue-resident T-cells. Long-term effects of BA.1 infection are associated with differential transcriptional changes in bronchoalveolar lavage-derived CD11c + immune cells from K18-hACE2 and 129S1, with K18-hACE2 CD11c + cells showing a strong antiviral defense gene expression profile whereas 129S1 CD11c + cells showed a more pro-inflammatory response. In conclusion, initial infection with BA.1 induces cross-reactive adaptive immune responses in both K18-hACE2 and 129S1 mice, however the different disease outcome of reinfection seems to be driven by differential responses of CD11c + cells in the alveolar space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarabjot Singh
- RT-PCR COVID-19 Laboratory, Civil Hospital, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Lars Pache
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | | | - Brett Webb
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming
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9
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Saul S, Karim M, Ghita L, Huang PT, Chiu W, Durán V, Lo CW, Kumar S, Bhalla N, Leyssen P, Alem F, Boghdeh NA, Tran DH, Cohen CA, Brown JA, Huie KE, Tindle C, Sibai M, Ye C, Khalil AM, Chiem K, Martinez-Sobrido L, Dye JM, Pinsky BA, Ghosh P, Das S, Solow-Cordero DE, Jin J, Wikswo JP, Jochmans D, Neyts J, De Jonghe S, Narayanan A, Einav S. Anticancer pan-ErbB inhibitors reduce inflammation and tissue injury and exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169510. [PMID: 37581931 PMCID: PMC10541190 DOI: 10.1172/jci169510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting host factors exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions for pandemic preparedness. Seventeen candidates targeting diverse functions emerged in a screen of 4,413 compounds for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. We demonstrated that lapatinib and other approved inhibitors of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases suppress replication of SARS-CoV-2, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and other emerging viruses with a high barrier to resistance. Lapatinib suppressed SARS-CoV-2 entry and later stages of the viral life cycle and showed synergistic effect with the direct-acting antiviral nirmatrelvir. We discovered that ErbB1, ErbB2, and ErbB4 bind SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein and regulate viral and ACE2 internalization, and they are required for VEEV infection. In human lung organoids, lapatinib protected from SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of ErbB-regulated pathways implicated in non-infectious lung injury, proinflammatory cytokine production, and epithelial barrier injury. Lapatinib suppressed VEEV replication, cytokine production, and disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity in microfluidics-based human neurovascular units, and reduced mortality in a lethal infection murine model. We validated lapatinib-mediated inhibition of ErbB activity as an important mechanism of antiviral action. These findings reveal regulation of viral replication, inflammation, and tissue injury via ErbBs and establish a proof of principle for a repurposed, ErbB-targeted approach to combat emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirle Saul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Marwah Karim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Luca Ghita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pei-Tzu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Winston Chiu
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Verónica Durán
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nishank Bhalla
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, Biomedical Research Laboratory, and
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Farhang Alem
- Institute for Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Niloufar A. Boghdeh
- Institute for Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Do H.N. Tran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Courtney A. Cohen
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Viral Immunology Branch, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A. Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Huie
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Viral Immunology Branch, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Courtney Tindle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mamdouh Sibai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Disease Prevention and Intervention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Disease Prevention and Intervention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Disease Prevention and Intervention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Disease Prevention and Intervention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - John M. Dye
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Viral Immunology Branch, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Pinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Soumita Das
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Jing Jin
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John P. Wikswo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, Biomedical Research Laboratory, and
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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10
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Stoian M, Roman A, Boeriu A, Onișor D, Bandila SR, Babă DF, Cocuz I, Niculescu R, Costan A, Laszlo SȘ, Corău D, Stoian A. Long-Term Radiological Pulmonary Changes in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Respiratory Failure due to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2637. [PMID: 37893011 PMCID: PMC10604756 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
From the first reports of SARS-CoV-2, at the end of 2019 to the present, the global mortality associated with COVID-19 has reached 6,952,522 deaths as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Early intubation and mechanical ventilation can increase the survival rate of critically ill patients. This prospective study was carried out on 885 patients in the ICU of Mureș County Clinical Hospital, Romania. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 54 patients were included. Patients were monitored during hospitalization and at 6-month follow-up. We analyzed the relationship between invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) and radiological changes on thoracic CT scans performed at 6-month follow-up and found no significant association. Regarding paraclinical analysis, there was a statistically significant association between patients grouped by IMV and ferritin level on day 1 of admission (p = 0.034), and between patients grouped by PaO2/FiO2 ratio with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.03) and the level of procalcitonin (p = 0.01). A significant proportion of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU developed pulmonary fibrosis as observed at a 6-month evaluation. Patients with oxygen supplementation or mechanical ventilation require dynamic monitoring and radiological investigations, as there is a possibility of long-term pulmonary fibrosis that requires pharmacological interventions and finding new therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Stoian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adina Roman
- Gastroenterology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Alina Boeriu
- Gastroenterology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Danusia Onișor
- Gastroenterology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Sergio Rareș Bandila
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Service, Marina Baixa Hospital, Av. Alcade En Jaume Botella Mayor, 03570 Villajoyosa, Spain;
| | - Dragoș Florin Babă
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Iuliu Cocuz
- Department of Pathophysiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.C.); (R.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Raluca Niculescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.C.); (R.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Anamaria Costan
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Ștefan Laszlo
- Intensive Care Unit, Mureș County Hospital, Street Gheorghe Marinescu no 1, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Dragoș Corău
- Intensive Care Unit, Mureș County Hospital, Street Gheorghe Marinescu no 1, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adina Stoian
- Department of Pathophysiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.C.); (R.N.); (A.S.)
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11
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Xue Y, Mei H, Chen Y, Griffin JD, Liu Q, Weisberg E, Yang J. Repurposing clinically available drugs and therapies for pathogenic targets to combat SARS-CoV-2. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e254. [PMID: 37193304 PMCID: PMC10183156 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected a large portion of the global population, both physically and mentally. Current evidence suggests that the rapidly evolving coronavirus subvariants risk rendering vaccines and antibodies ineffective due to their potential to evade existing immunity, with enhanced transmission activity and higher reinfection rates that could lead to new outbreaks across the globe. The goal of viral management is to disrupt the viral life cycle as well as to relieve severe symptoms such as lung damage, cytokine storm, and organ failure. In the fight against viruses, the combination of viral genome sequencing, elucidation of the structure of viral proteins, and identifying proteins that are highly conserved across multiple coronaviruses has revealed many potential molecular targets. In addition, the time- and cost-effective repurposing of preexisting antiviral drugs or approved/clinical drugs for these targets offers considerable clinical advantages for COVID-19 patients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various identified pathogenic targets and pathways as well as corresponding repurposed approved/clinical drugs and their potential against COVID-19. These findings provide new insight into the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies that could be applied to the control of disease symptoms emanating from evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Xue
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Husheng Mei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Yisa Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - James D. Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Ellen Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
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12
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Saul S, Karim M, Ghita L, Huang PT, Chiu W, Durán V, Lo CW, Kumar S, Bhalla N, Leyssen P, Alem F, Boghdeh NA, Tran DH, Cohen CA, Brown JA, Huie KE, Tindle C, Sibai M, Ye C, Khalil AM, Martinez-Sobrido L, Dye JM, Pinsky BA, Ghosh P, Das S, Solow-Cordero DE, Jin J, Wikswo JP, Jochmans D, Neyts J, Jonghe SD, Narayanan A, Einav S. Anticancer pan-ErbB inhibitors reduce inflammation and tissue injury and exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2021.05.15.444128. [PMID: 34159337 PMCID: PMC8219101 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.15.444128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeting host factors exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions for pandemic preparedness. Seventeen candidates targeting diverse functions emerged in a screen of 4,413 compounds for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. We demonstrated that lapatinib and other approved inhibitors of the ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases suppress replication of SARS-CoV-2, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and other emerging viruses with a high barrier to resistance. Lapatinib suppressed SARS-CoV-2 entry and later stages of the viral life cycle and showed synergistic effect with the direct-acting antiviral nirmatrelvir. We discovered that ErbB1, 2 and 4 bind SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein and regulate viral and ACE2 internalization, and they are required for VEEV infection. In human lung organoids, lapatinib protected from SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of ErbB-regulated pathways implicated in non-infectious lung injury, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and epithelial barrier injury. Lapatinib suppressed VEEV replication, cytokine production and disruption of the blood-brain barrier integrity in microfluidic-based human neurovascular units, and reduced mortality in a lethal infection murine model. We validated lapatinib-mediated inhibition of ErbB activity as an important mechanism of antiviral action. These findings reveal regulation of viral replication, inflammation, and tissue injury via ErbBs and establish a proof-of-principle for a repurposed, ErbB-targeted approach to combat emerging viruses.
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13
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Holton SE, Mitchem M, Pipavath S, Morrell ED, Bhatraju PK, Hamerman JA, Speake C, Malhotra U, Wurfel MM, Ziegler S, Mikacenic C. Mediators of monocyte chemotaxis and matrix remodeling are associated with the development of fibrosis in patients with COVID-19. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.28.23289261. [PMID: 37205332 PMCID: PMC10187320 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.23289261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a fibroproliferative phase that may be followed by pulmonary fibrosis. This has been described in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, but the underlying mechanisms have not been completely defined. We hypothesized that protein mediators of tissue remodeling and monocyte chemotaxis are elevated in the plasma and endotracheal aspirates of critically ill patients with COVID-19 who subsequently develop radiographic fibrosis. We enrolled COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU who had hypoxemic respiratory failure, were hospitalized and alive for at least 10 days, and had chest imaging done during hospitalization ( n = 119). Plasma was collected within 24h of ICU admission and at 7d. In mechanically ventilated patients, endotracheal aspirates (ETA) were collected at 24h and 48-96h. Protein concentrations were measured by immunoassay. We tested for associations between protein concentrations and radiographic evidence of fibrosis using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and APACHE score. We identified 39 patients (33%) with features of fibrosis. Within 24h of ICU admission, plasma proteins related to tissue remodeling (MMP-9, Amphiregulin) and monocyte chemotaxis (CCL-2/MCP-1, CCL-13/MCP-4) were associated with the subsequent development of fibrosis whereas markers of inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α) were not. After 1 week, plasma MMP-9 increased in patients without fibrosis. In ETAs, only CCL-2/MCP-1 was associated with fibrosis at the later timepoint. This cohort study identifies proteins of tissue remodeling and monocyte recruitment that may identify early fibrotic remodeling following COVID-19. Measuring changes in these proteins over time may allow for early detection of fibrosis in patients with COVID-19.
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14
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Sameni M, Mirmotalebisohi SA, Dehghan Z, Abooshahab R, Khazaei-Poul Y, Mozafar M, Zali H. Deciphering molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and drug repurposing through GRN motifs: a comprehensive systems biology study. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:117. [PMID: 37070032 PMCID: PMC10090260 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The world has recently been plagued by a new coronavirus infection called SARS-CoV-2. This virus may lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome followed by multiple organ failure. SARS-CoV-2 has approximately 80-90% genetic similarity to SARS-CoV. Given the limited omics data available for host response to the viruses (more limited data for SARS-CoV-2), we attempted to unveil the crucial molecular mechanisms underlying the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis by comparing its regulatory network motifs with SARS-CoV. We also attempted to identify the non-shared crucial molecules and their functions to predict the specific mechanisms for each infection and the processes responsible for their different manifestations. Deciphering the crucial shared and non-shared mechanisms at the molecular level and signaling pathways underlying both diseases may help shed light on their pathogenesis and pave the way for other new drug repurposing against COVID-19. We constructed the GRNs for host response to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 pathogens (in vitro) and identified the significant 3-node regulatory motifs by analyzing them topologically and functionally. We attempted to identify the shared and non-shared regulatory elements and signaling pathways between their host responses. Interestingly, our findings indicated that NFKB1, JUN, STAT1, FOS, KLF4, and EGR1 were the critical shared TFs between motif-related subnetworks in both SARS and COVID-1, which are considered genes with specific functions in the immune response. Enrichment analysis revealed that the NOD-like receptor signaling, TNF signaling, and influenza A pathway were among the first significant pathways shared between SARS and COVID-19 up-regulated DEGs networks, and the term "metabolic pathways" (hsa01100) among the down-regulated DEGs networks. WEE1, PMAIP1, and TSC22D2 were identified as the top three hubs specific to SARS. However, MYPN, SPRY4, and APOL6 were the tops specific to COVID-19 in vitro. The term "Complement and coagulation cascades" pathway was identified as the first top non-shared pathway for COVID-19 and the MAPK signaling pathway for SARS. We used the identified crucial DEGs to construct a drug-gene interaction network to propose some drug candidates. Zinc chloride, Fostamatinib, Copper, Tirofiban, Tretinoin, and Levocarnitine were the six drugs with higher scores in our drug-gene network analysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03518-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sameni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Dehghan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Yalda Khazaei-Poul
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mozafar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Achom A, Das R, Pakray P. An improved Fuzzy based GWO algorithm for predicting the potential host receptor of COVID-19 infection. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106050. [PMID: 36334362 PMCID: PMC9404081 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has infected millions worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein uses Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) for entering and fusing the host cell membrane. However, interaction with spike protein receptors and protease processing are not the only factors determining coronaviruses' entry. Several proteases mediate the entry of SARS-CoV-2 virus into the host cell. Identifying receptor factors helps understand tropism, transmission, and pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection in humans. The paper aims to identify novel viral receptor or membrane proteins that are transcriptionally and biologically similar to ACE2 and TMPRSS2 through a fuzzy clustering technique that employs the Grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm for finding the optimal cluster center. The exploratory and exploitation capability of GWO algorithm is improved by hybridizing mutation and crossover operators of the evolutionary algorithm. Also, the genetic diversity of the grey wolf population is enhanced by eliminating weak individuals from the population. The proposed clustering algorithm's effectiveness is shown by detecting novel viral receptors and membrane proteins associated with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The expression profiles of ACE2 protein and its co-receptor factor are analyzed and compared with single-cell transcriptomics profiling using the Seurat R toolkit, mass spectrometry (MS), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our advanced clustering method infers that cell that expresses high ACE2 level are more affected by SARS-CoV-infection. So, SARS-CoV-2 virus affects lung, intestine, testis, heart, kidney, and liver more severely than brain, bone marrow, skin, spleen, etc. We have identified 58 novel viral receptors and 816 membrane proteins, and their role in the pathogenicity mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been studied. Besides, our study confirmed that Neuropilins (NRP1), G protein-coupled receptor 78 (GPR78), C-type lectin domain family 4 member M (CLEC4M), Kringle containing transmembrane protein 1 (KREMEN1), Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1), A Disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), Furin, Neuregulin-1,(NRG1), Basigin or CD147 and Poliovirus receptor (PVR) are the potential co-receptors of SARS-CoV-2 virus. A significant finding is that heparin derivative glycosaminoglycans could block the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus inside the host cytoplasm. The membrane protein N-Deacetylase/N-Sulfotransferase-2 (NDST2), Extostosin protein (EXT1, EXT2, and EXT3), Glucuronic acid epimerase (GLCE), and Xylosyltransferase I, II (XYLT1, XYLT2) could act as the therapeutic target for inhibiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Drugs such as carboplatin and gemcitabine are effective in such situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amika Achom
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mizoram, Aizwal, 796001, Mizoram, India.
| | - Ranjita Das
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mizoram, Aizwal, 796001, Mizoram, India.
| | - Partha Pakray
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Silchar, 788003, Assam, India.
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16
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Li J, Xue Y, Wang X, Smith LS, He B, Liu S, Zhu H. Tissue- and cell-expression of druggable host proteins provide insights into repurposing drugs for COVID-19. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2796-2811. [PMID: 36259251 PMCID: PMC9747131 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Several human host proteins play important roles in the lifecycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Many drugs targeting these host proteins have been investigated as potential therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The tissue-specific expressions of selected host proteins were summarized using proteomics data retrieved from the Human Protein Atlas, ProteomicsDB, Human Proteome Map databases, and a clinical COVID-19 study. Protein expression features in different cell lines were summarized based on recent proteomics studies. The half-maximal effective concentration or half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were collected from in vitro studies. The pharmacokinetic data were mainly from studies in healthy subjects or non-COVID-19 patients. Considerable tissue-specific expression patterns were observed for several host proteins. ACE2 expression in the lungs was significantly lower than in many other tissues (e.g., the kidneys and intestines); TMPRSS2 expression in the lungs was significantly lower than in other tissues (e.g., the prostate and intestines). The expression levels of endocytosis-associated proteins CTSL, CLTC, NPC1, and PIKfyve in the lungs were comparable to or higher than most other tissues. TMPRSS2 expression was markedly different between cell lines, which could be associated with the cell-dependent antiviral activities of several drugs. Drug delivery receptor ICAM1 and CTSB were expressed at a higher level in the lungs than in other tissues. In conclusion, the cell- and tissue-specific proteomics data could help interpret the in vitro antiviral activities of host-directed drugs in various cells and aid the transition of the in vitro findings to clinical research to develop safe and effective therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Li
- Department of Clinical PharmacyUniversity of Michigan College of PharmacyAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yanling Xue
- Department of Clinical PharmacyUniversity of Michigan College of PharmacyAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical University College of PharmacyRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Logan S. Smith
- Department of Clinical PharmacyUniversity of Michigan College of PharmacyAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Bing He
- Department of Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Department of Clinical PharmacyUniversity of Michigan College of PharmacyAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Hao‐Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical PharmacyUniversity of Michigan College of PharmacyAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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17
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Cambier M, Henket M, Frix AN, Gofflot S, Thys M, Tomasetti S, Peired A, Struman I, Rousseau AF, Misset B, Darcis G, Moutschen M, Louis R, Njock MS, Cavalier E, Guiot J. Increased KL-6 levels in moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273107. [PMID: 36441730 PMCID: PMC9704627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented significant challenges and created concerns worldwide. Besides, patients who have experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection could present post-viral complications that can ultimately lead to pulmonary fibrosis. Serum levels of Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6), high molecular weight human MUC1 mucin, are increased in the most patients with various interstitial lung damage. Since its production is raised during epithelial damages, KL-6 could be a helpful non-invasive marker to monitor COVID-19 infection and predict post-infection sequelae. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated KL-6 levels of 222 COVID-19 infected patients and 70 healthy control. Serum KL-6, fibrinogen, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), platelet-lymphocytes ratio (PLR) levels and other biological parameters were analyzed. This retrospective study also characterized the relationships between serum KL-6 levels and pulmonary function variables. RESULTS Our results showed that serum KL-6 levels in COVID-19 patients were increased compared to healthy subjects (470 U/ml vs 254 U/ml, P <0.00001). ROC curve analysis enabled us to identify that KL-6 > 453.5 U/ml was associated with COVID-19 (AUC = 0.8415, P < 0.0001). KL-6 level was positively correlated with other indicators of disease severity such as fibrinogen level (r = 0.1475, P = 0.0287), LDH level (r = 0,31, P = 0,004) and PLR level (r = 0.23, P = 0.0005). However, KL-6 levels were not correlated with pulmonary function tests (r = 0.04, P = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS KL-6 expression was correlated with several disease severity indicators. However, the association between mortality and long-term follow-up outcomes needs further investigation. More extensive trials are required to prove that KL-6 could be a marker of disease severity in COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Cambier
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Angiogenesis, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Monique Henket
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Noelle Frix
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Gofflot
- Biothèque Hospitalo-Universitaire de Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Thys
- Department of Biostatistics and Medico-Economic Information, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sara Tomasetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Peired
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ingrid Struman
- Laboratory of Molecular Angiogenesis, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Benoît Misset
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
- AIDS Reference Laboratory, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Fibropole Research Group, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Makon-Sébastien Njock
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Fibropole Research Group, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Guiot
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Fibropole Research Group, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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18
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Jiang ST, Liu YG, Zhang L, Sang XT, Xu YY, Lu X. Systems biology approach reveals a common molecular basis for COVID-19 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:251. [PMCID: PMC9664052 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and even more likely to suffer from severe COVID-19. Whether there is a common molecular pathological basis for COVID-19 and NAFLD remains to be identified. The present study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional alterations shared by COVID-19 and NAFLD and to identify potential compounds targeting both diseases.
Methods
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for COVID-19 and NAFLD were extracted from the GSE147507 and GSE89632 datasets, and common DEGs were identified using the Venn diagram. Subsequently, we constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network based on the common DEGs and extracted hub genes. Then, we performed gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of common DEGs. In addition, transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs regulatory networks were constructed, and drug candidates were identified.
Results
We identified a total of 62 common DEGs for COVID-19 and NAFLD. The 10 hub genes extracted based on the PPI network were IL6, IL1B, PTGS2, JUN, FOS, ATF3, SOCS3, CSF3, NFKB2, and HBEGF. In addition, we also constructed TFs–DEGs, miRNAs–DEGs, and protein–drug interaction networks, demonstrating the complex regulatory relationships of common DEGs.
Conclusion
We successfully extracted 10 hub genes that could be used as novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 and NAFLD. In addition, based on common DEGs, we propose some potential drugs that may benefit patients with COVID-19 and NAFLD.
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Kletukhina S, Mutallapova G, Titova A, Gomzikova M. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911212. [PMID: 36232511 PMCID: PMC9569825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial fibrotic disease that leads to disability and death within 5 years of diagnosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease with a multifactorial etiology. The concept of aberrant regeneration of the pulmonary epithelium reveals the pathogenesis of IPF, according to which repeated damage and death of alveolar epithelial cells is the main mechanism leading to the development of progressive IPF. Cell death provokes the migration, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, which overproduce extracellular matrix, resulting in fibrotic deformity of the lung tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapies for pulmonary fibrosis. MSCs, and EVs derived from MSCs, modulate the activity of immune cells, inhibit the expression of profibrotic genes, reduce collagen deposition and promote the repair of damaged lung tissue. This review considers the molecular mechanisms of the development of IPF and the multifaceted role of MSCs in the therapy of IPF. Currently, EVs-MSCs are regarded as a promising cell-free therapy tool, so in this review we discuss the results available to date of the use of EVs-MSCs for lung tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevindzh Kletukhina
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Guzel Mutallapova
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Angelina Titova
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Gomzikova
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-917-8572269
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20
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Penrice-Randal R, Dong X, Shapanis AG, Gardner A, Harding N, Legebeke J, Lord J, Vallejo AF, Poole S, Brendish NJ, Hartley C, Williams AP, Wheway G, Polak ME, Strazzeri F, Schofield JPR, Skipp PJ, Hiscox JA, Clark TW, Baralle D. Blood gene expression predicts intensive care unit admission in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988685. [PMID: 36203591 PMCID: PMC9530807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has created pressure on healthcare systems worldwide. Tools that can stratify individuals according to prognosis could allow for more efficient allocation of healthcare resources and thus improved patient outcomes. It is currently unclear if blood gene expression signatures derived from patients at the point of admission to hospital could provide useful prognostic information.MethodsGene expression of whole blood obtained at the point of admission from a cohort of 78 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the first wave was measured by high resolution RNA sequencing. Gene signatures predictive of admission to Intensive Care Unit were identified and tested using machine learning and topological data analysis, TopMD.ResultsThe best gene expression signature predictive of ICU admission was defined using topological data analysis with an accuracy: 0.72 and ROC AUC: 0.76. The gene signature was primarily based on differentially activated pathways controlling epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) presentation, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) signalling and Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling.ConclusionsGene expression signatures from blood taken at the point of admission to hospital predicted ICU admission of treatment naïve patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Penrice-Randal
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- TopMD Precision Medicine Ltd, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rebekah Penrice-Randal,
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew George Shapanis
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Gardner
- TopMD Precision Medicine Ltd, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jelmer Legebeke
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Lord
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andres F. Vallejo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Poole
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan J. Brendish
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Hartley
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Williams
- Cancer Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marta E. Polak
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paul J. Skipp
- TopMD Precision Medicine Ltd, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Proteomic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ASTAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tristan W. Clark
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Baralle
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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21
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Zhong H, Zhou Y, Mei SY, Tang R, Feng JH, He ZY, Xu QY, Xing SP. Scars of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis of post-COVID-19 fibrosis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:967829. [PMID: 36203683 PMCID: PMC9530282 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.967829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) becomes a worldwide public health threat. Increasing evidence proves that COVID-19-induced acute injuries could be reversed by a couple of therapies. After that, post-COVID-19 fibrosis (PCF), a sequela of "Long COVID," earns rapidly emerging concerns. PCF is associated with deteriorative lung function and worse quality of life. But the process of PCF remains speculative. Therefore, we aim to conduct a bibliometric analysis to explore the overall structure, hotspots, and trend topics of PCF. Materials and methods A comprehensive search was performed in the Web of Science core database to collect literature on PCF. Search syntax included COVID-19 relevant terms: "COVID 19," "COVID-19 Virus Disease," "COVID-19 Virus Infection," "Coronavirus Disease-19," "2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease," "2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection," "SARS Coronavirus 2 Infection," "COVID-19 Pandemic," "Coronavirus," "2019-nCoV," and "SARS-CoV-2"; and fibrosis relevant terms: "Fibrosis," "Fibroses," and "Cirrhosis." Articles in English were included. Totally 1,088 publications were enrolled. Searching results were subsequentially exported and collected for the bibliometric analysis. National, organizational, and individual level data were analyzed and visualized through biblioshiny package in the R, VOSviewer software, the CiteSpace software, and the Graphical Clustering Toolkit (gCLUTO) software, respectively. Results The intrinsic structure and development in the field of PCF were investigated in the present bibliometric analysis. The topmost keywords were "COVID-19" (occurrences, 636) surrounded by "SARS-CoV-2" (occurrences, 242), "coronavirus" (occurrences, 123), "fibrosis" (occurrences, 120), and "pneumonia" (occurrences, 94). The epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnosis, and therapy of PCF were extensively studied. After this, based on dynamic analysis of keywords, hot topics sharply changed from "Wuhan," "inflammation," and "cytokine storm" to "quality of life" and "infection" through burst detection; from "acute respiratory syndrome," "cystic-fibrosis" and "fibrosis" to "infection," "COVID-19," "quality-of-life" through thematic evolution; from "enzyme" to "post COVID." Similarly, co-cited references analysis showed that topics of references with most citations shift from "pulmonary pathology" (cluster 0) to "COVID-19 vaccination" (cluster 6). Additionally, the overview of contributors, impact, and collaboration was revealed. Summarily, the USA stood out as the most prolific, influential, and collaborative country. The Udice French Research University, Imperial College London, Harvard University, and the University of Washington represented the largest volume of publications, citations, H-index, and co-authorships, respectively. Dana Albon was the most productive and cited author with the strongest co-authorship link strength. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis topped the list of prolific and influential journals. Conclusion Outcomes gained from this study assisted professionals in better realizing PCF and would guide future practices. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutics were study hotspots in the early phase of PCF research. As the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and progress in this field, recent attention shifted to the quality of life of patients and post-COVID comorbidities. Nevertheless, COVID-19 relevant infection and vaccination were speculated to be research trends with current and future interest. International cooperation as well as in-depth laboratory experiments were encouraged to promote further explorations in the field of PCF.
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22
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Mirmohammadi S, Kianmehr A, Sabbaghian A, Mohebbi A, Shahbazmohammadi H, Sheykharabi M, Bazzi Z. In silico drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 using an integrative transcriptomic profiling approach: Hydrocortisone and Benzhydrocodone as potential drug candidates against COVID-19. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2022; 103:105318. [PMID: 35718334 PMCID: PMC9212771 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pathogenesis is mainly attributed to dysregulated antiviral immune response, the prominent hallmark of COVID-19. As no established drugs are available against SARS-CoV-2 and developing new ones would be a big challenge, repurposing of existing drugs holds promise against COVID-19. Here, we used a signature-based strategy to delve into cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to identify potential host contributors in COVID-19 pathogenesis and to find repurposable drugs using in silico approaches. We scrutinized transcriptomic profile of various human alveolar cell sources infected with SARS-CoV-2 to determine up-regulated genes specific to COVID-19. Enrichment analysis revealed that the up-regulated genes were involved mainly in viral infectious disease, immune system, and signal transduction pathways. Analysis of protein-protein interaction network and COVID-19 molecular pathway resulted in identifying several anti-viral proteins as well as 11 host pro-viral proteins, ADAR, HBEGF, MMP9, USP18, JUN, FOS, IRF2, ICAM1, IFI35, CASP1, and STAT3. Finally, molecular docking of up-regulated proteins and all FDA-approved drugs revealed that both Hydrocortisone and Benzhydrocodone possess high binding affinity for all pro-viral proteins. The suggested repurposed drugs should be subject to complementary in vitro and in vivo experiments in order to be evaluated in detail prior to clinical studies in potential management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeyedehMozhdeh Mirmohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Anvarsadat Kianmehr
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Amir Sabbaghian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Shahbazmohammadi
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetic and Metabolism Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sheykharabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Bazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Cherrez-Ojeda I, Cortés-Telles A, Gochicoa-Rangel L, Camacho-Leon G, Mautong H, Robles-Velasco K, Faytong-Haro M. Challenges in the Management of Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis for the Latin American Population. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091393. [PMID: 36143178 PMCID: PMC9501763 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary aims to highlight some of the major issues (with possible solutions) that the Latin American region is currently dealing with in managing post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. Overall, there is little evidence for successful long-term COVID-19 follow-up treatment. The lack of knowledge regarding proper treatment is exacerbated in Latin America by a general lack of resources devoted to healthcare, and a lack of availability and access to multidisciplinary teams. The discussion suggests that better infrastructure (primarily multicenter cohorts of COVID-19 survivors) and well-designed studies are required to develop scientific knowledge to improve treatment for the increasing prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda
- School of Health, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Guayas, Ecuador
- Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil 090512, Guayas, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (I.C.-O.); (M.F.-H.)
| | - Arturo Cortés-Telles
- Departamento de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Yucatán, Mérida 97133, Mexico
| | - Laura Gochicoa-Rangel
- Department of Respiratory Physiology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Génesis Camacho-Leon
- Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL 33143, USA
| | - Hans Mautong
- School of Health, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Guayas, Ecuador
- Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil 090512, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Karla Robles-Velasco
- School of Health, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Guayas, Ecuador
- Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil 090512, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Marco Faytong-Haro
- School of Health, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Guayas, Ecuador
- Sociology and Demography Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Ecuadorian Development Research Lab, Daule 090656, Guayas, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (I.C.-O.); (M.F.-H.)
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24
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Kokubo K, Onodera A, Kiuchi M, Tsuji K, Hirahara K, Nakayama T. Conventional and pathogenic Th2 cells in inflammation, tissue repair, and fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945063. [PMID: 36016937 PMCID: PMC9395650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells, play an important role in the host defense against pathogens and allergens by producing Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, to trigger inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence reveals that Th2 cells also contribute to the repair of injured tissues after inflammatory reactions. However, when the tissue repair process becomes chronic, excessive, or uncontrolled, pathological fibrosis is induced, leading to organ failure and death. Thus, proper control of Th2 cells is needed for complete tissue repair without the induction of fibrosis. Recently, the existence of pathogenic Th2 (Tpath2) cells has been revealed. Tpath2 cells produce large amounts of Th2 cytokines and induce type 2 inflammation when activated by antigen exposure or tissue injury. In recent studies, Tpath2 cells are suggested to play a central role in the induction of type 2 inflammation whereas the role of Tpath2 cells in tissue repair and fibrosis has been less reported in comparison to conventional Th2 cells. In this review, we discuss the roles of conventional Th2 cells and pathogenic Th2 cells in the sequence of tissue inflammation, repair, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsuji
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kiyoshi Hirahara, ; Toshinori Nakayama,
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kiyoshi Hirahara, ; Toshinori Nakayama,
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Glaubitz J, Wilden A, Golchert J, Homuth G, Völker U, Bröker BM, Thiele T, Lerch MM, Mayerle J, Aghdassi AA, Weiss FU, Sendler M. In mouse chronic pancreatitis CD25 +FOXP3 + regulatory T cells control pancreatic fibrosis by suppression of the type 2 immune response. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4502. [PMID: 35922425 PMCID: PMC9349313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by chronic inflammation and the progressive fibrotic replacement of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tissue. We identify Treg cells as central regulators of the fibroinflammatory reaction by a selective depletion of FOXP3-positive cells in a transgenic mouse model (DEREG-mice) of experimental CP. In Treg-depleted DEREG-mice, the induction of CP results in a significantly increased stroma deposition, the development of exocrine insufficiency and significant weight loss starting from day 14 after disease onset. In CP, FOXP3+CD25+ Treg cells suppress the type-2 immune response by a repression of GATA3+ T helper cells (Th2), GATA3+ innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) and CD206+ M2-macrophages. A suspected pathomechanism behind the fibrotic tissue replacement may involve an observed dysbalance of Activin A expression in macrophages and of its counter regulator follistatin. Our study identified Treg cells as key regulators of the type-2 immune response and of organ remodeling during CP. The Treg/Th2 axis could be a therapeutic target to prevent fibrosis and preserve functional pancreatic tissue. The function of T regulatory cells in the tissue fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis is not fully understood. Here the authors use a mouse model of chronic pancreatitis to show that Treg cells reduce IL-4 mediated chronic inflammation in the pancreas associated with M2-like macrophages in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Glaubitz
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Wilden
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janine Golchert
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali A Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank U Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated invasive fungal infections are an important complication in a substantial number of critically ill, hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Three groups of fungal pathogens cause co-infections in COVID-19: Aspergillus, Mucorales and Candida species, including Candida auris. Here we review the incidence of COVID-19-associated invasive fungal infections caused by these fungi in low-, middle- and high-income countries. By evaluating the epidemiology, clinical risk factors, predisposing features of the host environment and immunological mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of these co-infections, we set the scene for future research and development of clinical guidance. Hoenigl and colleagues review the epidemiology, immunology and clinical risk factors contributing to COVID-19-associated fungal infections.
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27
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Zhao YP, Long Y. Pulmonary toxicity in driver gene positive non-small cell lung cancer therapy. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:1369-1378. [PMID: 35656938 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2085964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with driver gene mutations but also with new toxicity profiles. Although most patients treated with these drugs developed relatively controllable toxicity, significant pulmonary toxicity events, including interstitial lung disease, occurred in a small proportion of patients and can lead to discontinuation or even be life-threatening. Pulmonary toxicity associated with these anti-tumor drugs is a problem that cannot be ignored in clinical practice. The prompt diagnosis of drug-related lung injury and the consequent differential diagnosis with other forms of pulmonary disease are critical in the management of pulmonary toxicity. Current knowledge of the pathophysiology and management of pulmonary toxicity associated with these targeted drugs is limited, and participants should be able to identify and respond to the development of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity. This review offers information about the potential pathogenesis, risk factors and management for the development of these events based on the available literature. This review focused on pulmonary toxicities in driver gene-positive NSCLC therapy by describing the related adverse events to promote the awareness and management of this important toxicity related to antitumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Pu Zhao
- Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Long
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Diaz H, Jiménez J, Hernández A, Valdés L, Martínez A, Porto L, Hernández R, Travieso N, Jova JH, Medel L, Troche M, Gorte A, Batista D, Valls AR, Cabrera L, Domeq M, Pérez L, Lorenzo-Luaces P, Sánchez L, Saavedra D, Ramos M, Crombet T. Nimotuzumab Increases the Recovery Rate of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients: Evaluation in the Real-World Scenario. Front Public Health 2022; 10:948520. [PMID: 35937253 PMCID: PMC9353117 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.948520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR signaling is an important regulator of SARS-CoV induced lung damage, inflammation and fibrosis. Nimotuzumab is a humanized anti-EGFR antibody registered for several cancer indications. An expanded access study was conducted to evaluate the safety and recovery rate of severe and critical patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, treated with nimotuzumab in combination with the standard of care in the real-world scenario. The antibody was administered as an intravenous infusions every 72 h, up to 5 doses. In order to assess the impact of nimotuzumab, the recovery rate was compared with a paired retrospective cohort. Control patients received standard treatment according the national protocol but not nimotuzumab. Overall, 1,151 severe or critical patients received nimotuzumab in 21 hospitals of Cuba. Median age was 65 and 773 patients had at least one comorbidity. Nimotuzumab was very well-tolerated and mild or moderate adverse events were detected in 19 patients. 1,009 controls matching with the nimotuzumab patients, were selected using a “propensity score” method. The 14-day recovery rate of the nimotuzumab cohort was 72 vs. 42% in the control group. Controls had a higher mortality risk (RR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.79, 2.38) than the nimotuzumab treated patients. The attributable fraction was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.44%; 0.58), and indicates the proportion of deaths that were prevented with nimotuzumab. Our preliminary results suggest that nimotuzumab is a safe antibody that can reduce the mortality of severe and critical COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Loipa Medel
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Annia Gorte
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mayra Ramos
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tania Crombet
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Tania Crombet ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2550-7292
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29
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Abstract
Viruses are intracellular pathogen that exploit host cellular machinery for their propagation. Extensive research on virus-host interaction have shed light on an alternative antiviral strategy that targets host cell factors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a versatile signal transducer that is involved in a range of cellular processes. Numerous studies have revealed how viruses exploit the function of EGFR in different stages of viral life cycle. In general, viruses attach onto the host cell surface and interacts with EGFR to facilitate viral entry, viral replication and spread as well as evasion from host immunosurveillance. Moreover, virus-induced activation of EGFR signalling is associated with mucin expression, tissue damage and carcinogenesis that contribute to serious complications. Herein, we review our current understanding of roles of EGFR in viral infection and its potential as therapeutic target in managing viral infection. We also discuss the available EGFR-targeted therapies and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Man Lai
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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30
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Ghosh A, Mukerjee N, Sharma B, Pant A, Kishore Mohanta Y, Jawarkar RD, Bakal RL, Terefe EM, Batiha GES, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Aref Albezrah NK, Dey A, Baishya D. Target Specific Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Kinase in Conjunction With Cancer and SARS-COV-2 by Olive Nutraceuticals. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:812565. [PMID: 35356629 PMCID: PMC8959131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.812565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that viruses cause human cancer dates back to the early 1980s. By reprogramming cellular signaling pathways, viruses encoded protein that can regulate altered control of cell cycle events. Viruses can interact with a superfamily of membrane bound protein, receptor tyrosine kinase to modulate their activity in order to increase virus entrance into cells and promotion of viral replication within the host. Therefore, our study aimed at screening of inhibitors of tyrosine kinase using natural compounds from olive. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) is an important factor for cancer progression and can be linked to coronavirus. It is evident that over expression of Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) enhance viral endocytosis and proliferation and the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduced the period of infection period. Functional network studies were carried out using two major PTKs viz. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and B-lymphocytic kinase (BTK). They are associated with coronavirus in regulation of cell signaling proteins for cellular processes. We virtually screened for 161 library of natural compounds from olive found overexpressed in ALK and BTK in metastatic as well as virus host cells. We have employed both ligand and target-based approach for drug designing by high throughput screening using Multilinear regression model based QSAR and docking. The QSAR based virtual screening of 161 olive nutraceutical compounds has successfully identified certain new hit; Wedelosin, in which, the descriptor rsa (ratio of molecular surface area to the solvent accessible surface area) plays crucial role in deciding Wedelosin’s inhibitory potency. The best-docked olive nutraceuticals further investigated for the stability and effectivity of the BTK and ALK during in 150 ns molecular dynamics and simulation. Post simulation analysis and binding energy estimation in MMGBSA further revealed the intensive potential of the olive nutraceuticals in PTK inhibition. This study is therefore expected to widen the use of nutraceuticals from olive in cancer as well as SARS-CoV2 alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
| | - Bhavdeep Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Anushree Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri Bhoi, India
| | - Rahul D Jawarkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Amravati, India
| | - Ravindrakumar L Bakal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Amravati, India
| | - Ermias Mergia Terefe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United states International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department & Health Research Unit-Medical College-Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Debabrat Baishya
- Department of Bioengineering, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
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31
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Brumeanu TD, Vir P, Karim AF, Kar S, Benetiene D, Lok M, Greenhouse J, Putmon-Taylor T, Kitajewski C, Chung KK, Pratt KP, Casares SA. Human-Immune-System (HIS) humanized mouse model (DRAGA: HLA-A2.HLA-DR4.Rag1KO.IL-2RγcKO.NOD) for COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2048622. [PMID: 35348437 PMCID: PMC9225593 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2048622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a Human Immune System (HIS)-humanized mouse model ("DRAGA": HLA-A2.HLA-DR4.Rag1KO.IL-2 RγcKO.NOD) for COVID-19 research. DRAGA mice express transgenically HLA-class I and class-II molecules in the mouse thymus to promote human T cell development and human B cell Ig-class switching. When infused with human hematopoietic stem cells from cord blood reconstitute a functional human immune system, as well as human epi/endothelial cells in lung and upper respiratory airways expressing the human ACE2 receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The DRAGA mice were able to sustain SARS-CoV-2 infection for at least 25 days. Infected mice showed replicating virus in the lungs, deteriorating clinical condition, and human-like lung immunopathology including human lymphocyte infiltrates, microthrombi and pulmonary sequelae. Among the intra-alveolar and peri-bronchiolar lymphocyte infiltrates, human lung-resident (CD103+) CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were sequestered in epithelial (CD326+) lung niches and secreted granzyme B and perforin, suggesting anti-viral cytotoxic activity. Infected mice also mounted human IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. Hence, HIS-DRAGA mice showed unique advantages as a surrogate in vivo human model for studying SARS-CoV-2 immunopathological mechanisms and testing the safety and efficacy of candidate vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor-D Brumeanu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pooja Vir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad Faisal Karim
- Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sofia A Casares
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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32
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Londres HD, Armada JJ, Martínez AH, Abdo Cuza AA, Sánchez YH, Rodríguez AG, Figueroa SS, Llanez Gregorich EM, Torres Lahera ML, Peire FG, González TM, González YZ, Añé Kouri AL, Palomo AG, Concepción MT, Pérez LM, Luaces-Alvarez PL, Iglesias DE, Hernández DS, Suzarte MR, Ramos TC. Blocking EGFR with nimotuzumab: a novel strategy for COVID-19 treatment. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:521-530. [PMID: 35306855 PMCID: PMC8936166 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung injury and STAT1 deficit induce EGFR overexpression in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients & methods: A phase I/II trial was done to evaluate the safety and preliminary effect of nimotuzumab, an anti-EGFR antibody, in COVID-19 patients. Patients received from one to three infusions together with other drugs included in the national guideline. Results: 41 patients (31 severe and 10 moderate) received nimotuzumab. The median age was 62 years and the main comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The antibody was very safe and the 14-day recovery rate was 82.9%. Inflammatory markers decreased over time. Patients did not show signs of fibrosis. Conclusion: Nimotuzumab is a safe antibody that might reduce inflammation and prevent fibrosis in severe and moderate COVID-19 patients. Clinical Trial Registration: RPCEC00000369 (rpcec.sld.cu). Background: After SARS-CoV-2 infection, many cells in the lung express a new receptor called EGFR. Overexpression of EGFR can worsen the pulmonary disease and provoke fibrosis. Patients & methods: The initial impact of using a drug that blocks EGFR, nimotuzumab, was evaluated in COVID-19 patients. Results: 41 patients received nimotuzumab by the intravenous route together with other medications. The median age was 62 years, and patients had many chronic conditions including hypertension, diabetes and cardiac problems. Treatment was well tolerated and 82.9% of the patients were discharged by day 14. Serial laboratory tests, x-rays and CT scan evaluations showed the improvement of the patients. Conclusion: Nimotuzumab is a safe drug that can be useful to treat COVID-19 patients.
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33
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Abstract
The global coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has affected more than 140 million and killed more than 3 million people worldwide as of April 20, 2021. The novel human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as an etiological agent for COVID-19. Several kinases have been proposed as possible mediators of multiple viral infections, including life-threatening coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-1, Middle East syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2. Viral infections hijack abundant cell signaling pathways, resulting in drastic phosphorylation rewiring in the host and viral proteins. Some kinases play a significant role throughout the viral infection cycle (entry, replication, assembly, and egress), and several of them are involved in the virus-induced hyperinflammatory response that leads to cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), organ injury, and death. Here, we highlight kinases that are associated with coronavirus infections and their inhibitors with antiviral and potentially anti-inflammatory, cytokine-suppressive, or antifibrotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry
and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University
Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry
and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University
Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
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34
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Unterman A, Sumida TS, Nouri N, Yan X, Zhao AY, Gasque V, Schupp JC, Asashima H, Liu Y, Cosme C, Deng W, Chen M, Raredon MSB, Hoehn KB, Wang G, Wang Z, DeIuliis G, Ravindra NG, Li N, Castaldi C, Wong P, Fournier J, Bermejo S, Sharma L, Casanovas-Massana A, Vogels CBF, Wyllie AL, Grubaugh ND, Melillo A, Meng H, Stein Y, Minasyan M, Mohanty S, Ruff WE, Cohen I, Raddassi K, Niklason LE, Ko AI, Montgomery RR, Farhadian SF, Iwasaki A, Shaw AC, van Dijk D, Zhao H, Kleinstein SH, Hafler DA, Kaminski N, Dela Cruz CS. Single-cell multi-omics reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune system in progressive COVID-19. Nat Commun 2022; 13:440. [PMID: 35064122 PMCID: PMC8782894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are instrumental in severe COVID-19. However, the immune signatures associated with immunopathology are poorly understood. Here we use multi-omics single-cell analysis to probe the dynamic immune responses in hospitalized patients with stable or progressive course of COVID-19, explore V(D)J repertoires, and assess the cellular effects of tocilizumab. Coordinated profiling of gene expression and cell lineage protein markers shows that S100Ahi/HLA-DRlo classical monocytes and activated LAG-3hi T cells are hallmarks of progressive disease and highlights the abnormal MHC-II/LAG-3 interaction on myeloid and T cells, respectively. We also find skewed T cell receptor repertories in expanded effector CD8+ clones, unmutated IGHG+ B cell clones, and mutated B cell clones with stable somatic hypermutation frequency over time. In conclusion, our in-depth immune profiling reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune interaction in progressive COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/drug effects
- Adaptive Immunity/genetics
- Adaptive Immunity/immunology
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- COVID-19/genetics
- COVID-19/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Male
- RNA-Seq/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/physiology
- Single-Cell Analysis/methods
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Unterman
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Pulmonary Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tomokazu S Sumida
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Nima Nouri
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xiting Yan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy Y Zhao
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victor Gasque
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yunqing Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Cosme
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenxuan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kenneth B Hoehn
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis/Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zuoheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giuseppe DeIuliis
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Neal G Ravindra
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ningshan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Patrick Wong
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Fournier
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Santos Bermejo
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arnau Casanovas-Massana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chantal B F Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne L Wyllie
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anthony Melillo
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hailong Meng
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yan Stein
- Pulmonary Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maksym Minasyan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William E Ruff
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Inessa Cohen
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Khadir Raddassi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Albert I Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shelli F Farhadian
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Albert C Shaw
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David van Dijk
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Inter-Departmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Inter-Departmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Hafler
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- West Haven Veterans Affair Medical Center, West Haven, CT, USA
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35
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Carlin CR. Role of EGF Receptor Regulatory Networks in the Host Response to Viral Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:820355. [PMID: 35083168 PMCID: PMC8785968 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.820355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we will first provide a brief overview of EGF receptor (EGFR) structure and function, and its importance as a therapeutic target in epithelial carcinomas. We will then compare what is currently known about canonical EGFR trafficking pathways that are triggered by ligand binding, versus ligand-independent pathways activated by a variety of intrinsic and environmentally induced cellular stresses. Next, we will review the literature regarding the role of EGFR as a host factor with critical roles facilitating viral cell entry and replication. Here we will focus on pathogens exploiting virus-encoded and endogenous EGFR ligands, as well as EGFR-mediated trafficking and signaling pathways that have been co-opted by wild-type viruses and recombinant gene therapy vectors. We will also provide an overview of a recently discovered pathway regulating non-canonical EGFR trafficking and signaling that may be a common feature of viruses like human adenoviruses which signal through p38-mitogen activated protein kinase. We will conclude by discussing the emerging role of EGFR signaling in innate immunity to viral infections, and how viral evasion mechanisms are contributing to our understanding of fundamental EGFR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen R. Carlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Cathleen R. Carlin,
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36
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Eyileten C, Wicik Z, Simões SN, Martins-Jr DC, Klos K, Wlodarczyk W, Assinger A, Soldacki D, Chcialowski A, Siller-Matula JM, Postula M. Thrombosis-related circulating miR-16-5p is associated with disease severity in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. RNA Biol 2022; 19:963-979. [PMID: 35938548 PMCID: PMC9361765 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 tropism for the ACE2 receptor, along with the multifaceted inflammatory reaction, is likely to drive the generalized hypercoagulable and thrombotic state seen in patients with COVID-19. Using the original bioinformatic workflow and network medicine approaches we reanalysed four coronavirus-related expression datasets and performed co-expression analysis focused on thrombosis and ACE2 related genes. We identified microRNAs (miRNAs) which play role in ACE2-related thrombosis in coronavirus infection and further, we validated the expressions of precisely selected miRNAs-related to thrombosis (miR-16-5p, miR-27a-3p, let-7b-5p and miR-155-5p) in 79 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 32 healthy volunteers by qRT-PCR. Consequently, we aimed to unravel whether bioinformatic prioritization could guide selection of miRNAs with a potential of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers associated with disease severity in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. In bioinformatic analysis, we identified EGFR, HSP90AA1, APP, TP53, PTEN, UBC, FN1, ELAVL1 and CALM1 as regulatory genes which could play a pivotal role in COVID-19 related thrombosis. We also found miR-16-5p, miR-27a-3p, let-7b-5p and miR-155-5p as regulators in the coagulation and thrombosis process. In silico predictions were further confirmed in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The expression levels of miR-16-5p and let-7b in COVID-19 patients were lower at baseline, 7-days and 21-day after admission compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.0001 for all time points for both miRNAs). The expression levels of miR-27a-3p and miR-155-5p in COVID-19 patients were higher at day 21 compared to the healthy controls (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively). A low baseline miR-16-5p expression presents predictive utility in assessment of the hospital length of stay or death in follow-up as a composite endpoint (AUC:0.810, 95% CI, 0.71-0.91, p < 0.0001) and low baseline expression of miR-16-5p and diabetes mellitus are independent predictors of increased length of stay or death according to a multivariate analysis (OR: 9.417; 95% CI, 2.647-33.506; p = 0.0005 and OR: 6.257; 95% CI, 1.049-37.316; p = 0.044, respectively). This study enabled us to better characterize changes in gene expression and signalling pathways related to hypercoagulable and thrombotic conditions in COVID-19. In this study we identified and validated miRNAs which could serve as novel, thrombosis-related predictive biomarkers of the COVID-19 complications, and can be used for early stratification of patients and prediction of severity of infection development in an individual.Abbreviations: ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2AF, atrial fibrillationAPP, Amyloid Beta Precursor ProteinaPTT, activated partial thromboplastin timeAUC, Area under the curveAβ, amyloid betaBMI, body mass indexCAD, coronary artery diseaseCALM1, Calmodulin 1 geneCaM, calmodulinCCND1, Cyclin D1CI, confidence intervalCOPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCOVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019CRP, C-reactive proteinCV, CardiovascularCVDs, cardiovascular diseasesDE, differentially expressedDM, diabetes mellitusEGFR, Epithelial growth factor receptorELAVL1, ELAV Like RNA Binding Protein 1FLNA, Filamin AFN1, Fibronectin 1GEO, Gene Expression OmnibushiPSC-CMs, Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytesHSP90AA1, Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1Hsp90α, heat shock protein 90αICU, intensive care unitIL, interleukinIQR, interquartile rangelncRNAs, long non-coding RNAsMI, myocardial infarctionMiRNA, MiR, microRNAmRNA, messenger RNAncRNA, non-coding RNANERI, network-medicine based integrative approachNF-kB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cellsNPV, negative predictive valueNXF, nuclear export factorPBMCs, Peripheral blood mononuclear cellsPCT, procalcitoninPPI, Protein-protein interactionsPPV, positive predictive valuePTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologqPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reactionROC, receiver operating characteristicSARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2SD, standard deviationTLR4, Toll-like receptor 4TM, thrombomodulinTP53, Tumour protein P53UBC, Ubiquitin CWBC, white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo AndréBrazil
| | - Sérgio N. Simões
- Department of Informatics, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Serra, Brazil
| | - David C. Martins-Jr
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo AndréBrazil
| | - Krzysztof Klos
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology - Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wlodarczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology - Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alice Assinger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dariusz Soldacki
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Chcialowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology - Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta M. Siller-Matula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
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Abdo Cuza AA, Ávila JP, Martínez RM, González JJ, Aspuro GP, Gutiérrez Martínez JA, Suzarte MR, Hernández DS, Añé-Kouri AL, Ramos TC. Nimotuzumab for COVID-19: case series. Immunotherapy 2021; 14:10.2217/imt-2021-0269. [PMID: 34806405 PMCID: PMC8628863 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In COVID-19, EGFR production is upregulated in the alveolar epithelial cells. EGFR overexpression further activates STAT-3 and increases lung pathology. The EGFR pathway is also one of the major nodes in pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Nimotuzumab, a humanized anti-EGFR antibody, was used to treat three patients with severe or moderate COVID-19. The antibody was administered in combination with other drugs included in the national COVID-19 protocol. Results: Nimotuzumab was well tolerated. IL-6 decreased from the first antibody infusion. Clinical symptoms significantly improved after nimotuzumab administration, and the CT scans at discharge showed major resolution of the lung lesions and no signs of fibrosis. Conclusion: Safe anti-EGFR antibodies like nimotuzumab may modulate COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and prevent fibrosis. Clinical Trial Registration: RPCEC00000369 (RPCEC rpcec.sld.cu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo A Abdo Cuza
- Intensive Care Unit. Medical & Surgical Research Center (CIMEQ), Havana, Cuba
| | - Jonathan Pi Ávila
- Intensive Care Unit. Medical & Surgical Research Center (CIMEQ), Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Mayra Ramos Suzarte
- Clinical Research Direction. Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Ana L Añé-Kouri
- Clinical Research Direction. Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Tania Crombet Ramos
- Clinical Research Direction. Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
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Zulu MZ, Sureshchandra S, Pinski AN, Doratt B, Shen W, Messaoudi I. Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760288. [PMID: 34707619 PMCID: PMC8542887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both age and obesity are leading risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Specifically, although most infections occur in individuals under the age of 55 years, 95% of hospitalizations, admissions to the intensive care unit, and deaths occur in those over the age of 55 years. Moreover, hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a higher prevalence of obesity. It is generally believed that chronic low-grade inflammation and dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses that are associated with aging and obesity are responsible for this elevated risk of severe disease. However, the impact of advanced age and obesity on the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly defined. In this study, we assessed changes in the concentration of soluble immune mediators, IgG antibody titers, frequency of circulating immune cells, and cytokine responses to mitogen stimulation as a function of BMI and age. We detected significant negative correlations between BMI and myeloid immune cell subsets that were more pronounced in aged patients. Similarly, inflammatory cytokine production by monocytes was also negatively correlated with BMI in aged patients. These data suggest that the BMI-dependent impact on host response to SARS-CoV-2 is more pronounced on innate responses of aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Zulu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Amanda N Pinski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Brianna Doratt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Weining Shen
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Abstract
Cellular activities are finely regulated by numerous signaling pathways to support specific functions of complex life processes. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Each step of viral replication is ultimately governed by the interaction of a virus with its host cells. Because of the demands of viral replication, the nutritional needs of virus-infected cells differ from those of uninfected cells. To improve their chances of survival and replication, viruses have evolved to commandeer cellular processes, including cell metabolism, augmenting these processes to support their needs. This article summarizes recent findings regarding virus-induced alterations to major cellular metabolic pathways focusing on how viruses modulate various signaling cascades to induce these changes. We begin with a general introduction describing the role played by signaling pathways in cellular metabolism. We then discuss how different viruses target these signaling pathways to reprogram host metabolism to favor the viral needs. We highlight the gaps in understanding metabolism-related virus-host interactions and discuss how studying these changes will enhance our understanding of fundamental processes involved in metabolic regulation. Finally, we discuss the potential to harness these processes to combat viral diseases, as well as other diseases, including metabolic disorders and cancers.
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40
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Li Y, Tang XX. Abnormal Airway Mucus Secretion Induced by Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701443. [PMID: 34650550 PMCID: PMC8505958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway mucus barrier is a primary defensive layer at the airway surface. Mucins are the major structural components of airway mucus that protect the respiratory tract. Respiratory viruses invade human airways and often induce abnormal mucin overproduction and airway mucus secretion, leading to airway obstruction and disease. The mechanism underlying the virus-induced abnormal airway mucus secretion has not been fully studied so far. Understanding the mechanisms by which viruses induce airway mucus hypersecretion may open new avenues to treatment. In this article, we elaborate the clinical and experimental evidence that respiratory viruses cause abnormal airway mucus secretion, review the underlying mechanisms, and also discuss the current research advance as well as potential strategies to treat the abnormal airway mucus secretion caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou, China
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41
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Yeh JJ, Lai JN, Lin CL, Hsu CY, Kao CH. Time-dependent propensity-matched general population study of the effects of statin use on cancer risk in an interstitial lung disease and pulmonary fibrosis cohort. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047039. [PMID: 34635513 PMCID: PMC8506875 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of statins on risk of cancer in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary fibrosis. SETTING We retrospectively enrolled patients with ILD and pulmonary fibrosis and divided them into two cohorts by statin use (statin users (n=10 036) and statin non-users (n=10 036)). PARTICIPANTS We selected patients with ILD and pulmonary fibrosis (N=53 862) from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Time-dependent Cox models were used to compare risk of cancer of propensity-matched statin users and non-users. Cumulative cancer incidence was analysed through Cox proportional regression. We calculated adjusted HRs (aHRs) and their 95% CIs for cancer after adjusting for sex, age, comorbidities, and use of inhaled corticosteroids, oral steroids and statins. RESULTS Compared with statin non-users, the aHRs (95% CIs) for statin users were 0.60 (0.55 to 0.65) for cancer, 0.52 (0.35 to 0.78) for haematological malignancy, 0.52 (0.38 to 0.72) for cancer of the head and neck, 0.73 (0.59 to 0.89) for colorectal cancer, 0.34 (0.26 to 0.43) for liver cancer, 0.39 (0.23 to 0.67) for pancreatic cancer, 0.40 (0.17 to 0.96) for skin cancer, 0.67 (0.52 to 0.87) for breast cancer, 0.27 (0.14 to 0.54) for cervical cancer, 0.37 (0.30 to 0.46) for other immunological cancers, 0.73 (0.54 to 0.98) for bladder/kidney cancer and 0.88 (0.71 to 1.09) for lung cancer. CONCLUSION Statin use is associated with lower risk of cancer in the ILD and pulmonary fibrosis cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine and Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China MedicalUniversity, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China MedicalUniversity, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Safont B, Tarraso J, Rodriguez-Borja E, Fernández-Fabrellas E, Sancho-Chust JN, Molina V, Lopez-Ramirez C, Lope-Martinez A, Cabanes L, Andreu AL, Herrera S, Lahosa C, Ros JA, Rodriguez-Hermosa JL, Soriano JB, Moret-Tatay I, Carbonell-Asins JA, Mulet A, Signes-Costa J. Lung Function, Radiological Findings and Biomarkers of Fibrogenesis in a Cohort of COVID-19 Patients Six Months After Hospital Discharge. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 58:142-149. [PMID: 34497426 PMCID: PMC8414844 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Impairment in pulmonary function tests and radiological abnormalities are a major concern in COVID-19 survivors. Our aim is to evaluate functional respiratory parameters, changes in chest CT, and correlation with peripheral blood biomarkers involved in lung fibrosis at two and six months after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Methods COVID-FIBROTIC (clinicaltrials.gov NCT04409275) is a multicenter prospective observational cohort study aimed to evaluate discharged patients. Pulmonary function tests, circulating serum biomarkers, chest radiography and chest CT were performed at outpatient visits. Results In total, 313, aged 61.12 ± 12.26 years, out of 481 included patients were available. The proportion of patients with DLCO < 80% was 54.6% and 47% at 60 and 180 days. Associated factors with diffusion impairment at 6 months were female sex (OR: 2.97, 95%CI 1.74–5.06, p = 0.001), age (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05, p = 0.005), and peak RALE score (OR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.40, p = 0.005). Patients with altered lung diffusion showed higher levels of MMP-7 (11.54 ± 8.96 vs 6.71 ± 4.25, p = 0.001), and periostin (1.11 ± 0.07 vs 0.84 ± 0.40, p = 0.001). 226 patients underwent CT scan, of whom 149 (66%) had radiological sequelae of COVID-19. In severe patients, 68.35% had ground glass opacities and 38.46% had parenchymal bands. Early fibrotic changes were associated with higher levels of MMP7 (13.20 ± 9.20 vs 7.92 ± 6.32, p = 0.001), MMP1 (10.40 ± 8.21 vs 6.97 ± 8.89, p = 0.023), and periostin (1.36 ± 0.93 vs 0.87 ± 0.39, p = 0.001). Conclusion Almost half of patients with moderate or severe COVID-19 pneumonia had impaired pulmonary diffusion six months after discharge. Severe patients showed fibrotic lesions in CT scan and elevated serum biomarkers involved in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Key Words
- 6-MWT, 6 minute-walk test
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- BMI, body mass index
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COVID-19 sequelae
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- CT, computed tomography
- Chest CT
- DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
- Fibrotic changes
- GGO, ground-glass opacity
- HFNC, high flow nasal cannula oxygen
- ILD, interstitial lung disease
- IMV, mechanical ventilation
- Interstitial lung disease
- Lung diffusion
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinases
- NIV, non-invasive ventilation
- RALE, radiographic assessment of lung edema
- RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- Serum biomarkers
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- mMRC, modified British Medical Research Council
- sEGFR, soluble epidermal growth factor receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Safont
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Clinico, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Tarraso
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Clinico, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Borja
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Hospital Clinico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Virginia Molina
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Vinalopo de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Amaia Lope-Martinez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Hospital Clinico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Cabanes
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital La Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Susana Herrera
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Lahosa
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Ros
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Virgen de la Arraixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Rodriguez-Hermosa
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Medical Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan B Soriano
- COVID-19 Clinical Management Team, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.,Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Moret-Tatay
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group/Multiplex Analysis Unit, IIS Hospital la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Mulet
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Clinico, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Zhai X, Wang N, Jiao H, Zhang J, Li C, Ren W, Reiter RJ, Su S. Melatonin and other indoles show antiviral activities against swine coronaviruses in vitro at pharmacological concentrations. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12754. [PMID: 34139040 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlights major gaps in our knowledge on the prevention control and cross-species transmission mechanisms of animal coronaviruses. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) are three common swine coronaviruses and have similar clinical features. In the absence of effective treatments, they have led to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. We reported that indoles exerted potent activity against swine coronaviruses, the molecules used included melatonin, indole, tryptamine, and L-tryptophan. Herein, we did further systematic studies with melatonin, a ubiquitous and versatile molecule, and found it inhibited TGEV, PEDV, and PDCoV infection in PK-15, Vero, or LLC-PK1 cells by reducing viral entry and replication, respectively. Collectively, we provide the molecular basis for the development of new treatments based on the ability of indoles to control TGEV, PEDV, and PDCoV infection and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhai
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Houqi Jiao
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaofan Li
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shuo Su
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang H, Chen H, Zhang J, Chen X, Guo B, Zhi P, Li Z, Liu G, Yang B, Chi X, Wang Y, Cao F, Ren J, Lu X. Bioinformatics analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated immune injury and therapeutic prediction for COVID-19. EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2021; 1:20-28. [PMID: 38630100 PMCID: PMC8447736 DOI: 10.1097/ec9.0000000000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a highly contagious viral infection, without any available targeted therapies. The high mortality rate of COVID-19 is speculated to be related to immune damage. Methods In this study, clinical bioinformatics analysis was conducted on transcriptome data of coronavirus infection. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the complex immune injury induced by coronavirus infection provoked dysfunction of numerous immune-related molecules and signaling pathways, including immune cells and toll-like receptor cascades. Production of numerous cytokines through the Th17 signaling pathway led to elevation in plasma levels of cytokines (including IL6, NF-κB, and TNF-α) followed by concurrent inflammatory storm, which mediates the autoimmune response. Several novel medications seemed to display therapeutic effects on immune damage associated with coronavirus infection. Conclusions This study provided insights for further large-scale studies on the target therapy on reconciliation of immunological damage associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital & National Center for Clinical Medicine of Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Management School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jundong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital & National Center for Clinical Medicine of Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ximeng Chen
- Chinese Journal of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Personnel, Cardiovascular Disease Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Peng Zhi
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital & National Center for Clinical Medicine of Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- Management School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- Management School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Geliang Liu
- Management School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital & National Center for Clinical Medicine of Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, China PLA Special Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Xuechun Lu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital & National Center for Clinical Medicine of Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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The epidermal growth factor receptor is a relevant host factor in the early stages of Zika virus life cycle in vitro. J Virol 2021; 95:e0119521. [PMID: 34379506 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01195-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus well-known for the epidemic in the Americas in 2015-2016, where microcephaly in newborns and other neurological complications were connected to ZIKV infection. Many aspects of the viral life cycle, including binding and entry into the host cell, are still enigmatic. Based on the observation that CHO cells lack the expression of EGFR and are not permissive for various ZIKV strains, the relevance of EGFR for the viral life cycle was analyzed. Infection of A549 cells by ZIKV leads to a rapid internalization of EGFR that colocalizes with the endosomal marker EEA1. Moreover, the infection by different ZIKV strains is associated with an activation of EGFR and subsequent activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. However, treatment of the cells with MβCD, which on the one hand leads to an activation of EGFR but on the other hand prevents EGFR internalization, impairs ZIKV infection. Specific inhibition of EGFR or of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade hinders ZIKV infection by inhibition of ZIKV entry. In accordance to this, knockout of EGFR expression impedes ZIKV entry. In case of an already established infection, inhibition of EGFR or of downstream signaling does not affect viral replication. Taken together, these data demonstrate the relevance of EGFR in the early stages of ZIKV infection and identify EGFR as a target for antiviral strategies. Importance These data deepen the knowledge about the ZIKV infection process and demonstrate the relevance of EGFR for ZIKV entry. In light of the fact that a variety of specific and efficient inhibitors of EGFR and of EGFR-dependent signaling were developed and licensed, repurposing of these substances could be a helpful tool to prevent the spreading of ZIKV infection in an epidemic outbreak.
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Prakash H, Skiada A, Paul RA, Chakrabarti A, Rudramurthy SM. Connecting the Dots: Interplay of Pathogenic Mechanisms between COVID-19 Disease and Mucormycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:616. [PMID: 34436155 PMCID: PMC8400165 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is an emerging threat globally, especially in India. More than 40,000 CAM cases have been reported in India. The emergence of CAM cases in India has been attributed to environmental, host, and iatrogenic factors. Mucorales spore burden has been reported globally; however, their presence is higher in tropical countries such as India, contributing to the emergence of CAM. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with diabetes mellitus, haematological malignancies, solid organ transplants, corticosteroid therapy and neutropenia were more prone to mucormycosis, whereas in COVID-19 patients, virus-induced endothelial dysfunction, hyperglycaemia, and immune dysfunction following corticosteroid use increase the risk of acquiring mucormycosis. The interaction of Mucorales spores with the epithelial cells, followed by endothelial invasion, is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. Endothelial damage and increased endothelial receptor expression induced by COVID-19 infection may predispose patients to CAM. COVID-19 infection may directly induce hyperglycaemia by damaging beta cells of the pancreas or by corticosteroid therapy, which may contribute to CAM pathogenesis. Iron acquisition from the host, especially in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or deferoxamine therapy, is an important virulence trait of Mucorales. Similarly, the hyperferritinaemia caused by COVID-19 may act as a source of iron for Mucorales growth and invasion. In addition, corticosteroid treatment reduces or abolishes the innate immune functions of phagocytic cells contributing to the pathogenesis of CAM. This review aims to discuss primarily the host and iatrogenic factors shared between COVID-19 and mucormycosis that could explain the emergence of CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariprasath Prakash
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Public Health, International Higher School of Medicine, Issyk-Kul Regional Campus, Cholpon-Ata 722125, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Anna Skiada
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Raees Ahmad Paul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (R.A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (R.A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (R.A.P.); (A.C.)
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Sinha S, Kundu CN. Cancer and COVID-19: Why are cancer patients more susceptible to COVID-19? Med Oncol 2021; 38:101. [PMID: 34302557 PMCID: PMC8302962 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has engulfed the entire world and has claimed more than 3 million lives worldwide. This viral disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mainly characterized by fever, dry cough, fatigue, anosmia, anorexia, and dyspnea. The severity of the disease increases with age and presence of comorbidities, including cancer. Multiple clinical studies have shown that the cancer patients are highly susceptible to the severe form of the viral disease. In this review article, we have summarized the available scientific literature regarding the molecular links between COVID-19 and cancer, which make the cancer patients highly susceptible to COVID-19. Few studies have shown that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and the immune response and inflammation establish the interconnection between the two diseases. Additionally, we have also discussed whether SARS-CoV-2 can contribute to cancer development in COVID-19 patients. A recent study has suggested that SARS-CoV-2 may create a microenvironment that may support cancer cell proliferation and induce the activation of dormant cancer cells (DCCs). In another study, the blood sera of COVID-19 patients were found to activate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. Overall, this review article will surely help the scientific community to understand why the cancer patients are so much prone to COVID-19 and will also motivate the researchers to find new therapeutic strategies that may save the lives of many COVID-19-infected cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sinha
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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Menachery VD, Gralinski LE. Coagulation and wound repair during COVID-19. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:1076-1081. [PMID: 34334300 PMCID: PMC8195688 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While COVID-19 is best known as a respiratory infection, SARS-CoV-2 causes systemic disease manifestations including coagulopathies. Both dysregulated extracellular matrix remodeling pathways and circulating coagulation proteins are hallmarks of severe COVID-19 and often continue after the resolution of acute infection. Coagulation proteins have proven effective as biomarkers for severe disease and anticoagulants are a mainstay of COVID-19 therapeutics in hospitalized patients. While much knowledge has been gained about the role of clotting pathway activation in COVID-19, much remains to be elucidated in this complex network of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Novel Sequelae of the Current Pandemic. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112452. [PMID: 34205928 PMCID: PMC8199255 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the initial identification of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As effective vaccines and treatments begin to emerge, it will become increasingly important to identify and proactively manage the long-term respiratory complications of severe disease. The patterns of imaging abnormalities coupled with data from prior coronavirus outbreaks suggest that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia are likely at an increased risk of progression to interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic pulmonary vascular disease. In this paper, we briefly review the definition, classification, and underlying pathophysiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD). We then review the current literature on the proposed mechanisms of lung injury in severe COVID-19 infection, and outline potential viral- and immune-mediated processes implicated in the development of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF). Finally, we address patient-specific and iatrogenic risk factors that could lead to PCPF and discuss strategies for reducing risk of pulmonary complications/sequelae.
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Purcaru OS, Artene SA, Barcan E, Silosi CA, Stanciu I, Danoiu S, Tudorache S, Tataranu LG, Dricu A. The Interference between SARS-CoV-2 and Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Signaling in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4830. [PMID: 34063231 PMCID: PMC8124491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and viruses have a long history that has evolved over many decades. Much information about the interplay between viruses and cell proliferation and metabolism has come from the history of clinical cases of patients infected with virus-induced cancer. In addition, information from viruses used to treat some types of cancer is valuable. Now, since the global coronavirus pandemic erupted almost a year ago, the scientific community has invested countless time and resources to slow down the infection rate and diminish the number of casualties produced by this highly infectious pathogen. A large percentage of cancer cases diagnosed are strongly related to dysregulations of the tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) family and its downstream signaling pathways. As such, many therapeutic agents have been developed to strategically target these structures in order to hinder certain mechanisms pertaining to the phenotypic characteristics of cancer cells such as division, invasion or metastatic potential. Interestingly, several authors have pointed out that a correlation between coronaviruses such as the SARS-CoV-1 and -2 or MERS viruses and dysregulations of signaling pathways activated by TKRs can be established. This information may help to accelerate the repurposing of clinically developed anti-TKR cancer drugs in COVID-19 management. Because the need for treatment is critical, drug repurposing may be an advantageous choice in the search for new and efficient therapeutic compounds. This approach would be advantageous from a financial point of view as well, given that the resources used for research and development would no longer be required and can be potentially redirected towards other key projects. This review aims to provide an overview of how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with different TKRs and their respective downstream signaling pathway and how several therapeutic agents targeted against these receptors can interfere with the viral infection. Additionally, this review aims to identify if SARS-CoV-2 can be repurposed to be a potential viral vector against different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Stefana Purcaru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania; (O.-S.P.); (S.-A.A.); (E.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Stefan-Alexandru Artene
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania; (O.-S.P.); (S.-A.A.); (E.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Edmond Barcan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania; (O.-S.P.); (S.-A.A.); (E.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Cristian Adrian Silosi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ilona Stanciu
- “Victor Babeş” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Pneumophtisiology, Craiova, Str. Calea Bucuresti, nr. 126, 200525 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Stefania Tudorache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 710204 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Bagdasar-Arseni” Emergency Hospital, Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania; (O.-S.P.); (S.-A.A.); (E.B.); (A.D.)
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