1
|
Wang Y, Li X, Lv X, Li Y, An Q, Xiu Y, Lv X, Song H, Zhou C, Xu Q, Qiao D, Yang S, Chai H, Zeng X. H6N2 reassortant avian influenza virus isolate in wild birds in Jiangxi Province, China. Virus Genes 2024; 60:320-324. [PMID: 38722491 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
H6 avian influenza virus is widely prevalent in wild birds and poultry and has caused human infection in 2013 in Taiwan, China. During our active influenza surveillance program in wild waterfowl at Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, an H6N2 AIV was isolated and named A/bean goose/JiangXi/452-4/2013(H6N2). The isolate was characterized as a typical low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) due to the presence of the amino acid sequence PQIETR↓GLFGAI at the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. The genetic evolution analysis revealed that the NA gene of the isolate originated from North America and exhibited the highest nucleotide identity (99.29%) with a virus recovered from wild bird samples in North America, specifically A/bufflehead/California/4935/2012(H11N2). Additionally, while the HA and PB1 genes belonged to the Eurasian lineage, they displayed frequent genetic interactions with the North American lineage. The remaining genes showed close genetic relationships with Eurasian viruses. The H6N2 isolate possessed a complex genome, indicating it is a multi-gene recombinant virus with genetic material from both Eurasian and North American lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xinru Lv
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qing An
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yang Xiu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiangtong Lv
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Haozhuo Song
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Qiushi Xu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin, 150066, China.
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fusaro A, Zecchin B, Giussani E, Palumbo E, Agüero-García M, Bachofen C, Bálint Á, Banihashem F, Banyard AC, Beerens N, Bourg M, Briand FX, Bröjer C, Brown IH, Brugger B, Byrne AMP, Cana A, Christodoulou V, Dirbakova Z, Fagulha T, Fouchier RAM, Garza-Cuartero L, Georgiades G, Gjerset B, Grasland B, Groza O, Harder T, Henriques AM, Hjulsager CK, Ivanova E, Janeliunas Z, Krivko L, Lemon K, Liang Y, Lika A, Malik P, McMenamy MJ, Nagy A, Nurmoja I, Onita I, Pohlmann A, Revilla-Fernández S, Sánchez-Sánchez A, Savic V, Slavec B, Smietanka K, Snoeck CJ, Steensels M, Svansson V, Swieton E, Tammiranta N, Tinak M, Van Borm S, Zohari S, Adlhoch C, Baldinelli F, Terregino C, Monne I. High pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe-Why trends of virus evolution are more difficult to predict. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae027. [PMID: 38699215 PMCID: PMC11065109 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 2016, A(H5Nx) high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of clade 2.3.4.4b has become one of the most serious global threats not only to wild and domestic birds, but also to public health. In recent years, important changes in the ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of this virus have been reported, with an unprecedented global diffusion and variety of affected birds and mammalian species. After the two consecutive and devastating epidemic waves in Europe in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, with the second one recognized as one of the largest epidemics recorded so far, this clade has begun to circulate endemically in European wild bird populations. This study used the complete genomes of 1,956 European HPAI A(H5Nx) viruses to investigate the virus evolution during this varying epidemiological outline. We investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of A(H5Nx) virus diffusion to/from and within Europe during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 epidemic waves, providing evidence of ongoing changes in transmission dynamics and disease epidemiology. We demonstrated the high genetic diversity of the circulating viruses, which have undergone frequent reassortment events, providing for the first time a complete overview and a proposed nomenclature of the multiple genotypes circulating in Europe in 2020-2022. We described the emergence of a new genotype with gull adapted genes, which offered the virus the opportunity to occupy new ecological niches, driving the disease endemicity in the European wild bird population. The high propensity of the virus for reassortment, its jumps to a progressively wider number of host species, including mammals, and the rapid acquisition of adaptive mutations make the trend of virus evolution and spread difficult to predict in this unfailing evolving scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fusaro
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| | - Bianca Zecchin
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giussani
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| | - Elisa Palumbo
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| | - Montserrat Agüero-García
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ctra. M-106, Km 1,4 Algete, Madrid 28110, Spain
| | - Claudia Bachofen
- Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Sensemattstrasse 293, Mittelhäusern 3147, Switzerland
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate (NEBIH), Laboratory of Virology, National Food Chain Safety Office, Tábornok utca 2, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Fereshteh Banihashem
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Travvägen 20, Uppsala 75189, Sweden
| | - Ashley C Banyard
- WOAH/FAO international reference laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Beerens
- Department of Virology Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, Lelystad 8221 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Bourg
- Luxembourgish Veterinary and Food Administration (ALVA), State Veterinary Laboratory, 1 Rue Louis Rech, Dudelange 3555, Luxembourg
| | - Francois-Xavier Briand
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité de Virologie, Immunologie, Parasitologie Avaires et Cunicoles, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine – BP 53, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Caroline Bröjer
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Disease, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Travvägen 20, Uppsala 75189, Sweden
| | - Ian H Brown
- WOAH/FAO international reference laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Brugger
- Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority, Austurvegur 64, Selfoss 800, Iceland
| | - Alexander M P Byrne
- WOAH/FAO international reference laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Armend Cana
- Kosovo Food and Veterinary Agency, Sector of Serology and Molecular Diagnostics, Kosovo Food and Veterinary Laboratory, Str Lidhja e Pejes, Prishtina 10000, Kosovo
| | - Vasiliki Christodoulou
- Laboratory for Animal Health Virology Section Veterinary Services (1417), 79, Athalassa Avenue Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Zuzana Dirbakova
- Department of Animal Health, State Veterinary Institute, Pod Dráhami 918, Zvolen 96086, Slovakia
| | - Teresa Fagulha
- I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Avenida da República, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras 2780 – 157, Portugal
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Garza-Cuartero
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Backweston Campus, Stacumny Lane, Celbridge, Co. Kildare W23 X3PH, Ireland
| | - George Georgiades
- Thessaloniki Veterinary Centre (TVC), Department of Avian Diseases, 26th October Street 80, Thessaloniki 54627, Greece
| | - Britt Gjerset
- Immunology & Virology department, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Arboretveien 57, Oslo Pb 64, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Beatrice Grasland
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité de Virologie, Immunologie, Parasitologie Avaires et Cunicoles, 41 Rue de Beaucemaine – BP 53, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Oxana Groza
- Republican Center for Veterinary Diagnostics (NRL), 3 street Murelor, Chisinau 2051, Republic of Moldova
| | - Timm Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Ana Margarida Henriques
- I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Avenida da República, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras 2780 – 157, Portugal
| | - Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager
- Department for Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark
| | - Emiliya Ivanova
- National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute (NDRVMI), 190 Lomsko Shose Blvd., Sofia 1231, Bulgaria
| | - Zygimantas Janeliunas
- National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute (NFVRAI), Kairiukscio str. 10, Vilnius 08409, Lithuania
| | - Laura Krivko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment (BIOR), Laboratory of Microbilogy and Pathology, 3 Lejupes Street, Riga 1076, Latvia
| | - Ken Lemon
- Virological Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Virology, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute (AFBI), Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Aldin Lika
- Animal Health Department, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Rruga Aleksandër Moisiu 10, Tirana 1001, Albania
| | - Péter Malik
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate (NEBIH), Laboratory of Virology, National Food Chain Safety Office, Tábornok utca 2, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Michael J McMenamy
- Virological Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Virology, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute (AFBI), Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland
| | - Alexander Nagy
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Sídlištní 136/24, Praha 6-Lysolaje 16503, Czech Republic
| | - Imbi Nurmoja
- National Centre for Laboratory Research and Risk Assessment (LABRIS), Kreutzwaldi 30, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Iuliana Onita
- Institute for Diagnosis and Animal Health (IDAH), Str. Dr. Staicovici 63, Bucharest 050557, Romania
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Sandra Revilla-Fernández
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Robert Koch Gasse 17, Mödling 2340, Austria
| | - Azucena Sánchez-Sánchez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ctra. M-106, Km 1,4 Algete, Madrid 28110, Spain
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry Centre, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Brigita Slavec
- University of Ljubljana – Veterinary Faculty/National Veterinary Institute, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Krzysztof Smietanka
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Department of Infection and Immunity, 29 Rue Henri Koch, Esch-sur-Alzette 4354, Luxembourg
| | - Mieke Steensels
- Avian Virology and Immunology, Sciensano, Rue Groeselenberg 99, Ukkel 1180, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Vilhjálmur Svansson
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldnavegi 3 112 Reykjavík Ssn. 650269 4549, Keldur 851, Iceland
| | - Edyta Swieton
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - Niina Tammiranta
- Finnish Food Authority, Animal Health Diagnostic Unit, Veterinary Virology, Mustialankatu 3, Helsinki FI-00790, Finland
| | - Martin Tinak
- Department of Animal Health, State Veterinary Institute, Pod Dráhami 918, Zvolen 96086, Slovakia
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Avian Virology and Immunology, Sciensano, Rue Groeselenberg 99, Ukkel 1180, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Siamak Zohari
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Travvägen 20, Uppsala 75189, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Adlhoch
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Gustav III:s boulevard 40, Solna 169 73, Sweden
| | | | - Calogero Terregino
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| | - Isabella Monne
- European Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'universita 10, Legnaro, Padua 35020, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bessière P, Gaide N, Croville G, Crispo M, Fusade-Boyer M, Abou Monsef Y, Dirat M, Beltrame M, Dendauw P, Lemberger K, Guérin JL, Le Loc'h G. High pathogenicity avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in a captive Tibetan black bear ( Ursus thibetanus): investigations based on paraffin-embedded tissues, France, 2022. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0373623. [PMID: 38305177 PMCID: PMC10913436 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03736-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) H5Nx of clade 2.3.4.4b have been circulating increasingly in both wild and domestic birds in recent years. In turn, this has led to an increase in the number of spillover events affecting mammals. In November 2022, an HPAIV H5N1 caused an outbreak in a zoological park in the south of France, resulting in the death of a Tibetan black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and several captive and wild bird species. We detected the virus in various tissues of the bear and a wild black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) found dead in its enclosure using histopathology, two different in situ detection techniques, and next-generation sequencing, all performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Phylogenetic analysis performed on the hemagglutinin gene segment showed that bear and gull strains shared 99.998% genetic identity, making the bird strain the closest related strain. We detected the PB2 E627K mutation in minute quantities in the gull, whereas it predominated in the bear, which suggests that this mammalian adaptation marker was selected during the bear infection. Our results provide the first molecular and histopathological characterization of an H5N1 virus infection in this bear species. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses are able to cross the species barrier between birds and mammals because of their high genetic diversity and mutation rate. Using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, we were able to investigate a Tibetan black bear's infection by a high pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza virus at the molecular, phylogenetic, and histological levels. Our results highlight the importance of virological surveillance programs in mammals and the importance of raising awareness among veterinarians and zookeepers of the clinical presentations associated with H5Nx virus infection in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Gaide
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Manuela Crispo
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Malorie Dirat
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu M, Zeng H, He J, Zhu Y, Wang P, Guo J, Guo J, Zhou H, Qin Y, Ouyang K, Wei Z, Huang W, Chen Y. Reassortant H9N2 canine influenza viruses containing the pandemic H1N1/2009 ribonucleoprotein complex circulating in pigs acquired enhanced virulence in mice. Virology 2024; 589:109927. [PMID: 37951087 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study generated 20 reassortant viruses with the introduction of H1N1/2009 internal genes from EA H1N1 virus into H9N2 virus. 12 of these recovered the replication capability both in the lungs and turbinate samples. 10 of 12 obtained PA gene segments from the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes of the EA H1N1 virus, and 3 exhibited extreme virulence. Specially, the combination of PB2, PA and NP genes could overcome the species-specific restriction in human cells. Analysis of the polymerase activities found that introduction of the PA gene resulted in increased polymerase activity. These findings indicated that RNP complexes from EA H1N1 virus could confer an adaptation advantage and high compatibility to avian H9N2 virus. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi College and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Jianqiao He
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yaohui Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi College and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi College and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Jianing Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Jinfan Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Huabo Zhou
- Huabo Pet Hospital, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yifeng Qin
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi College and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi College and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi College and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi College and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi College and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blake ME, Kleinpeter AB, Jureka AS, Petit CM. Structural Investigations of Interactions between the Influenza a Virus NS1 and Host Cellular Proteins. Viruses 2023; 15:2063. [PMID: 37896840 PMCID: PMC10612106 DOI: 10.3390/v15102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Influenza A virus is a continuous threat to public health that causes yearly epidemics with the ever-present threat of the virus becoming the next pandemic. Due to increasing levels of resistance, several of our previously used antivirals have been rendered useless. There is a strong need for new antivirals that are less likely to be susceptible to mutations. One strategy to achieve this goal is structure-based drug development. By understanding the minute details of protein structure, we can develop antivirals that target the most conserved, crucial regions to yield the highest chances of long-lasting success. One promising IAV target is the virulence protein non-structural protein 1 (NS1). NS1 contributes to pathogenicity through interactions with numerous host proteins, and many of the resulting complexes have been shown to be crucial for virulence. In this review, we cover the NS1-host protein complexes that have been structurally characterized to date. By bringing these structures together in one place, we aim to highlight the strength of this field for drug discovery along with the gaps that remain to be filled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chad M. Petit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.E.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jallow MM, Barry MA, Fall A, Ndiaye NK, Kiori D, Sy S, Goudiaby D, Niang MN, Fall G, Fall M, Dia N. Influenza A Virus in Pigs in Senegal and Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) Emergence and Transmission to Human. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1961. [PMID: 37630521 PMCID: PMC10459748 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted an active influenza surveillance in the single pig slaughterhouse in Dakar to investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and to provide serologic evidence of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in pigs at interfaces with human populations in Senegal. Nasal swab and blood samples were collected on a weekly basis from the same animal immediately after slaughter. Influenza A viruses were diagnosed using RT-qPCR and a subset of positive samples for H3 and H1 subtypes were selected for full genome amplification and NGS sequencing. Serum samples were tested by HI assay for the detection of antibodies recognizing four AIVs, including H9N2, H5N1, H7N7 and H5N2. Between September 2018 and December 2019, 1691 swine nasal swabs were collected and tested. Influenza A virus was detected in 30.7% (520/1691), and A/H1N1pdm09 virus was the most commonly identified subtype with 38.07% (198/520), followed by A/H1N2 (16.3%) and A/H3N2 (5.2%). Year-round influenza activity was noted in pigs, with the highest incidence between June and September. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the IAVs were closely related to human IAV strains belonging to A/H1N1pdm09 and seasonal H3N2 lineages. Genetic analysis revealed that Senegalese strains possessed several key amino acid changes, including D204 and N241D in the receptor binding site, S31N in the M2 gene and P560S in the PA protein. Serological analyses revealed that 83.5% (95%CI = 81.6-85.3) of the 1636 sera tested were positive for the presence of antibodies against either H9N2, H5N1, H7N7 or H5N2. Influenza H7N7 (54.3%) and H9N2 (53.6%) were the dominant avian subtypes detected in Senegalese pigs. Given the co-circulation of multiple subtypes of influenza viruses among Senegalese pigs, the potential exists for the emergence of new hybrid viruses of unpredictable zoonotic and pandemic potential in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Malado Jallow
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département de Virologie, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; (M.M.J.); (A.F.); (N.K.N.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (D.G.); (M.N.N.); (G.F.)
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Dakar BP 206, Senegal;
| | - Mamadou Aliou Barry
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Dakar BP 220, Senegal;
| | - Amary Fall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département de Virologie, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; (M.M.J.); (A.F.); (N.K.N.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (D.G.); (M.N.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Ndiendé Koba Ndiaye
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département de Virologie, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; (M.M.J.); (A.F.); (N.K.N.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (D.G.); (M.N.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Davy Kiori
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département de Virologie, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; (M.M.J.); (A.F.); (N.K.N.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (D.G.); (M.N.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Sara Sy
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département de Virologie, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; (M.M.J.); (A.F.); (N.K.N.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (D.G.); (M.N.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Déborah Goudiaby
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département de Virologie, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; (M.M.J.); (A.F.); (N.K.N.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (D.G.); (M.N.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Mbayame Ndiaye Niang
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département de Virologie, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; (M.M.J.); (A.F.); (N.K.N.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (D.G.); (M.N.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Gamou Fall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département de Virologie, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; (M.M.J.); (A.F.); (N.K.N.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (D.G.); (M.N.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Malick Fall
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Dakar BP 206, Senegal;
| | - Ndongo Dia
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département de Virologie, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; (M.M.J.); (A.F.); (N.K.N.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (D.G.); (M.N.N.); (G.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meseko C, Milani A, Inuwa B, Chinyere C, Shittu I, Ahmed J, Giussani E, Palumbo E, Zecchin B, Bonfante F, Maniero S, Angot A, Niang M, Fusaro A, Gobbo F, Terregino C, Olasoju T, Monne I, Muhammad M. The Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5) in Poultry in Nigeria, 2021-2022. Viruses 2023; 15:1387. [PMID: 37376688 DOI: 10.3390/v15061387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2021, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and global food insecurity, the Nigerian poultry sector was exposed to the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus and its economic challenges. Between 2021 and 2022, HPAI caused 467 outbreaks reported in 31 of the 37 administrative regions in Nigeria. In this study, we characterized the genomes of 97 influenza A viruses of the subtypes H5N1, H5N2, and H5N8, which were identified in different agro-ecological zones and farms during the 2021-2022 epidemic. The phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes showed a widespread distribution of the H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b and similarity with the HPAI H5Nx viruses that have been detected in Europe since late 2020. The topology of the phylogenetic trees indicated the occurrence of several independent introductions of the virus into the country, followed by a regional evolution of the virus that was most probably linked to its persistent circulation in West African territories. Additional evidence of the evolutionary potential of the HPAI viruses circulating in this region is the identification in this study of a putative H5N1/H9N2 reassortant virus in a mixed-species commercial poultry farm. Our data confirm Nigeria as a crucial hotspot for HPAI virus introduction from the Eurasian territories and reveal a dynamic pattern of avian influenza virus evolution within the Nigerian poultry population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clement Meseko
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza & Transboundary Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom 930101, Nigeria
| | - Adelaide Milani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Bitrus Inuwa
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza & Transboundary Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom 930101, Nigeria
| | - Chinonyerem Chinyere
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza & Transboundary Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom 930101, Nigeria
| | - Ismaila Shittu
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza & Transboundary Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom 930101, Nigeria
| | - James Ahmed
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza & Transboundary Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom 930101, Nigeria
| | - Edoardo Giussani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Palumbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Bianca Zecchin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonfante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Maniero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Angélique Angot
- Animal Health Service (NSAH), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO-UN), 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Mamadou Niang
- Regional Office for Africa (RAF), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO-UN), Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Alice Fusaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Taiwo Olasoju
- Federal Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services (FDV&PCS), Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD), Abuja 900108, Nigeria
| | - Isabella Monne
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maryam Muhammad
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza & Transboundary Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom 930101, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Detection and Characterization of an H9N2 Influenza A Virus in the Egyptian Rousette Bat in Limpopo, South Africa. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020498. [PMID: 36851712 PMCID: PMC9958621 DOI: 10.3390/v15020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bats have been shown to host various novel bat-specific influenza viruses, including H17N10 and H18N11 in the Americas and the H9N2 subtype from Africa. Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian Rousette bat) is recognized as a host species for diverse viral agents. This study focused on the molecular surveillance of a maternal colony in Limpopo, South Africa, between 2017-2018. A pan-influenza hemi-nested RT-PCR assay targeting the PB1 gene was established, and influenza A virus RNA was identified from one fecal sample out of 860 samples. Genome segments were recovered using segment-specific amplification combined with standard Sanger sequencing and Illumina unbiased sequencing. The identified influenza A virus was closely related to the H9N2 bat-influenza virus, confirming the circulation of this subtype among Egyptian fruit bat populations in Southern Africa. This bat H9N2 subtype contained amino acid residues associated with transmission and virulence in either mammalian or avian hosts, though it will likely require additional adaptations before spillover.
Collapse
|
9
|
Knowing when to stop: Transcription termination on protein-coding genes by eukaryotic RNAPII. Mol Cell 2023; 83:404-415. [PMID: 36634677 PMCID: PMC7614299 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is controlled in a dynamic and regulated manner to allow for the consistent and steady expression of some proteins as well as the rapidly changing production of other proteins. Transcription initiation has been a major focus of study because it is highly regulated. However, termination of transcription also plays an important role in controlling gene expression. Transcription termination on protein-coding genes is intimately linked with 3' end cleavage and polyadenylation of transcripts, and it generally results in the production of a mature mRNA that is exported from the nucleus. Termination on many non-coding genes can also result in the production of a mature transcript. Termination is dynamically regulated-premature termination and transcription readthrough occur in response to a number of cellular signals, and these can have varied consequences on gene expression. Here, we review eukaryotic transcription termination by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), focusing on protein-coding genes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lv X, Tian J, Li X, Bai X, Li Y, Li M, An Q, Song X, Xu Y, Sun H, Peng P, Qin S, Zhao Z, Qin R, Xu Q, Qu F, Wang M, Luo H, Zhang Z, Zeng X, Wang Y, Hou Z, Zhou X, Wang Y, Li Y, Chai H. H10Nx avian influenza viruses detected in wild birds in China pose potential threat to mammals. One Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
|
11
|
Strategies of Influenza A Virus to Ensure the Translation of Viral mRNAs. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121521. [PMID: 36558855 PMCID: PMC9783940 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligatorily intracellular pathogens. To generate progeny virus particles, influenza A viruses (IAVs) have to divert the cellular machinery to ensure sufficient translation of viral mRNAs. To this end, several strategies have been exploited by IAVs, such as host gene shutoff, suppression of host innate immune responses, and selective translation of viral mRNAs. Various IAV proteins are responsible for host gene shutoff, e.g., NS1, PA-X, and RdRp, through inhibition of cellular gene transcription, suppression of cellular RNA processing, degradation of cellular RNAs, and blockage of cellular mRNA export from the nucleus. Host shutoff should suppress the innate immune responses and also increase the translation of viral mRNAs indirectly due to the reduced competition from cellular mRNAs for cellular translational machinery. However, many other mechanisms are also responsible for the suppression of innate immune responses by IAV, such as prevention of the detection of the viral RNAs by the RLRs, inhibition of the activities of proteins involved in signaling events of interferon production, and inhibition of the activities of interferon-stimulated genes, mainly through viral NS1, PB1-F2, and PA-X proteins. IAV mRNAs may be selectively translated in favor of cellular mRNAs through interacting with viral and/or cellular proteins, such as NS1, PABPI, and/or IFIT2, in the 5'-UTR of viral mRNAs. This review briefly summarizes the strategies utilized by IAVs to ensure sufficient translation of viral mRNAs focusing on recent developments.
Collapse
|
12
|
Navarro-Lopez R, Xu W, Gomez-Romero N, Velazquez-Salinas L, Berhane Y. Phylogenetic Inference of the 2022 Highly Pathogenic H7N3 Avian Influenza Outbreak in Northern Mexico. Pathogens 2022; 11:1284. [PMID: 36365034 PMCID: PMC9692817 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mexican lineage H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has persisted in Mexican poultry since its first isolation in 2012. To date, the detection of this virus has gradually expanded from the initial one state to 18 states in Mexico. Despite the HPAIV H7N3 outbreak occurring yearly, the transmission pathways have never been studied, disallowing the establishment of effective control measures. We used a phylogenetic approach to unravel the transmission pathways of 2022 H7N3 HPAIVs in the new outbreak areas in Northern Mexico. We present genetic data of H7N3 viruses produced from 18 poultry farms infected in the spring of 2022. Our results indicate that the virus responsible for the current outbreak in Northern Mexico evolved from the Mexican lineage H7N3 HPAIV discovered in 2012. In the current outbreak, we identified five clusters of infection with four noticeably different genetic backgrounds. It is a cluster IV-like virus that was transmitted into one northern state causing an outbreak, then spreading to another neighboring northern state, possibly via a human-mediated mechanical transmission mechanism. The long-distance transmission event highlights the necessity for the more rigorous enforcement of biosafety measures in outbreaks. Additionally, we examined the evolutionary processes shaping the viral genetic and antigenic diversities. It is imperative to enhance active surveillance to include birds, the environment, and humans to detect HPAI in domestic poultry at an earlier point and eliminate it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Navarro-Lopez
- United States-Mexico Commission for the Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Other Exotic Disease Animals, Mexico City 64590, Mexico
| | - Wanhong Xu
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Ninnet Gomez-Romero
- United States-Mexico Commission for the Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Other Exotic Disease Animals, Mexico City 64590, Mexico
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, USDA, Orient, NY 11944, USA
| | - Yohannes Berhane
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2S2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Avian Influenza NS1 Proteins Inhibit Human, but Not Duck, RIG-I Ubiquitination and Interferon Signaling. J Virol 2022; 96:e0077622. [PMID: 36069546 PMCID: PMC9517716 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00776-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A viruses is an important virulence factor that controls host cell immune responses. In human cells, NS1 proteins inhibit the induction of type I interferon by several mechanisms, including potentially, by preventing the activation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) receptor by the ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 25 (TRIM25). It is unclear whether the inhibition of human TRIM25 is a universal function of all influenza A NS1 proteins or is strain dependent. It is also unclear if NS1 proteins similarly target the TRIM25 of mallard ducks, a natural reservoir host of avian influenza viruses with a long coevolutionary history and unique disease dynamics. To answer these questions, we compared the ability of five different NS1 proteins to interact with human and duck TRIM25 using coimmunoprecipitation and microscopy and assessed the consequence of this on RIG-I ubiquitination and signaling in both species. We show that NS1 proteins from low-pathogenic and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses potently inhibit RIG-I ubiquitination and reduce interferon promoter activity and interferon-beta protein secretion in transfected human cells, while the NS1 of the mouse-adapted PR8 strain does not. However, all the NS1 proteins, when cloned into recombinant viruses, suppress interferon in infected alveolar cells. In contrast, avian NS1 proteins do not suppress duck RIG-I ubiquitination and interferon promoter activity, despite interacting with duck TRIM25. IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses are a major cause of human and animal disease. Periodically, avian influenza viruses from wild waterfowl, such as ducks, pass through intermediate agricultural hosts and emerge into the human population as zoonotic diseases with high mortality rates and epidemic potential. Because of their coevolution with influenza A viruses, ducks are uniquely resistant to influenza disease compared to other birds, animals, and humans. Here, we investigate a mechanism of influenza A virus interference in an important antiviral signaling pathway that is orthologous in humans and ducks. We show that NS1 proteins from four avian influenza strains can block the coactivation and signaling of the human RIG-I antiviral receptor, while none block the coactivation and signaling of duck RIG-I. Understanding host-pathogen dynamics in the natural reservoir will contribute to our understanding of viral disease mechanisms, viral evolution, and the pressures that drive it, which benefits global surveillance and outbreak prevention.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang L, Liu K, Su Q, Chen X, Wang X, Li Q, Wang W, Mao X, Xu J, Zhou X, Xu Q, Zhou L, Liu X, Zhang P. Clinical features of the first critical case of acute encephalitis caused by avian influenza A (H5N6) virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2437-2446. [PMID: 36093829 PMCID: PMC9621215 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2122584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV), such as H5N1, H5N6, and H7N9, have been reported to frequently infect humans, but acute encephalitis caused by HPAIV in humans has been rarely reported. We report the first critical case of acute encephalitis with mild pneumonia caused by the H5N6 virus. On January 25 of 2022, a 6-year-old girl with severe neurological symptoms was admitted to our hospital and rapidly developed into seizures and coma. Brain imaging showed abnormalities. Electroencephalogram (EEG) presented abnormal slow waves. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained elevated protein (1.64 g/L) and white cells (546 × 106/L). Laboratory investigations revealed abnormally elevated transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, and cytokines in serum. A novel reassortant H5N6 virus was identified from the patient’s serum, CSF, and tracheal aspirate specimens. Phylogenic analysis indicated that this virus was a novel reassortant avian-origin influenza A (H5N6) virus that belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b. This patient was diagnosed with acute encephalitis and discharged from the hospital accompanied by a language barrier. An epidemiological investigation confirmed that wild waterfowls were the direct source of infection in this case. Our study highlights the urgent need to pay attention to acute encephalitis caused by HPAIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University
| | - Qin Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University
| | - Wenlei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University
| | - Xuhua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Yixing Clinical School of Medical School of Yangzhou University
| | - Jinmei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University
| | - Xin Zhou
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; g Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; g Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; g Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Emergence of a Reassortant 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Containing H9N2 PA Gene in Burkina Faso, West Africa, in 2021. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091901. [PMID: 36146708 PMCID: PMC9504354 DOI: 10.3390/v14091901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2006, the poultry population in Burkina Faso has been seriously hit by different waves of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 epizootics. In December 2021, three distinct regions of Burkina Faso, namely, Gomboussougou, Bonyollo, and Koubri, detected HPAI H5N1 viruses in poultry. Whole genome characterization and statistical phylogenetic approaches were applied to shed light on the potential origin of these viruses and estimate the time of virus emergence. Our results revealed that the HPAI H5N1 viruses reported in the three affected regions of Burkina Faso cluster together within clade 2.3.4.4b, and are closely related to HPAI H5N1 viruses identified in Nigeria and Niger in the period 2021–2022, except for the PA gene, which clusters with H9N2 viruses of the zoonotic G1 lineage collected in West Africa between 2017 and 2020. These reassortant viruses possess several mutations that may be associated with an increased zoonotic potential. Although it is difficult to ascertain where and when the reassortment event occurred, the emergence of a H5N1/H9N2 reassortant virus in a vulnerable region, such as West Africa, raises concerns about its possible impact on animal and human health. These findings also highlight the risk that West Africa may become a new hotspot for the emergence of new genotypes of HPAI viruses.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chua SCJH, Cui J, Engelberg D, Lim LHK. A Review and Meta-Analysis of Influenza Interactome Studies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869406. [PMID: 35531276 PMCID: PMC9069142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually, the influenza virus causes 500,000 deaths worldwide. Influenza-associated mortality and morbidity is especially high among the elderly, children, and patients with chronic diseases. While there are antivirals available against influenza, such as neuraminidase inhibitors and adamantanes, there is growing resistance against these drugs. Thus, there is a need for novel antivirals for resistant influenza strains. Host-directed therapies are a potential strategy for influenza as host processes are conserved and are less prone mutations as compared to virus-directed therapies. A literature search was performed for papers that performed viral–host interaction screens and the Reactome pathway database was used for the bioinformatics analysis. A total of 15 studies were curated and 1717 common interactors were uncovered among all these studies. KEGG analysis, Enrichr analysis, STRING interaction analysis was performed on these interactors. Therefore, we have identified novel host pathways that can be targeted for host-directed therapy against influenza in our review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Courtney Jun Hui Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Engelberg
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lina Hsiu Kim Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Lina Hsiu Kim Lim,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhai B, Liu L, Li X, Lv X, Wu J, Li J, Lin S, Yin Y, Lan J, Du J, Wu C, Wen Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Hou Z, Li Y, Chai H, Zeng X. The Variation of Duck RIG-I-Mediated Innate Immune Response Induced by Different Virulence Avian Influenza Viruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842721. [PMID: 35300481 PMCID: PMC8921926 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) virus has been reported with features of widely spread, an expanding host range, and cross-species transmission, attracting wide attention. The domestic duck plays a major role in the epidemiological cycle of the HPAI H5N8 virus, but little is known concerning innate immune responses during influenza infection in duck species. In this study, we used two wild-bird-origin viruses, H5N8 and H4N6, to conduct duck infection experiments, and detect the load of the two viruses, and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and interferon β (IFN-β) in the host's natural immune response. Through comparison, it is found that the expression levels of RIG-I and IFN-β are both fluctuating. The innate immunity starts rapidly within 6 h after infection and is inhibited by the virus to varying degrees. The expression of RIG-I and IFN-β decreased on 1-2 days post-infection (dpi). The HPAI H5N8 virus has a stronger inhibitory effect on RIG-I than the low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H4N6 virus and is the strongest in the lungs. After infection with HPAI H5N8 virus, 2 dpi, viral RNA replicates in large amounts in the lungs. It has been proven that RIG-I and IFN-β play an important role in the innate immune response of ducks to HPAI H5N8 virus infection, especially in the lungs. The main battlefield of RIG-I and IFN-β after infection with the LPAI H4N6 virus is in the rectum. Both viruses have been effectively controlled after 7 dpi. These results will help to understand the transmission mechanisms of avian influenza virus in wild ducks and help effectively prevent and control avian influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhai
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinru Lv
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shengze Lin
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxiang Yin
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianan Du
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenwei Wu
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Wen
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhijun Hou
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Reduction of some viral protein's gene expression of recombinant influenza A/H1N1-PR8 virus upon treatment with Punica granatum crude extract. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Li X, Lv X, Li Y, Xie L, Peng P, An Q, Fu T, Qin S, Cui Y, Zhang C, Qin R, Qu F, Zhao Z, Wang M, Xu Q, Li Y, Yang G, Chen G, Zhang J, Zheng H, Ma E, Zhou R, Zeng X, Wang Y, Hou Z, Wang Y, Chu D, Li Y, Chai H. Emergence, prevalence, and evolution of H5N8 avian influenza viruses in central China, 2020. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 11:73-82. [PMID: 34825854 PMCID: PMC8725850 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2011622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N8) viruses have caused several worldwide outbreaks in birds and are able cross the species barrier to infect humans, posing a substantial threat to public health. After the first detection of H5N8 viruses in deceased swans in Inner Mongolia, we performed early warning and active monitoring along swan migration routes in central China. We isolated and sequenced 42 avian influenza viruses, including 40 H5N8 viruses, 1 H5N2 virus, and 1 H9N2 virus, in central China. Our H5N8 viruses isolated in swan stopover sites and wintering grounds showed high nucleotide homologies in the whole genome, revealing a common evolutionary source. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H5 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b prevalent in 2020 have further diverged into two sub-clades: b1 and b2. The phylogeographic analysis also showed that the viruses of sub-clade b2 most likely originated from poultry in Russia. Notably, whooper swans were found to be responsible for the introduction of sub-clade b2 viruses in central China; whooper and tundra swans play a role in viral spread in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, respectively. Our findings highlight swans as an indicator species for transborder spreading and monitoring of the H5N8 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Lv
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Xie
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing An
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Fu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Sanmenxia Administration of the National Nature Reserve of the Yellow River Wetland, Sanmenxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbo Zhang
- Ordos Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ordos, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxiu Qin
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Qu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenliang Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixi Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuzi Xu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hesong Zheng
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Enda Ma
- Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bayannur, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Zhou
- Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bayannur, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Effector Domain of the Influenza A Virus Nonstructural Protein NS1 Triggers Host Shutoff by Mediating Inhibition and Global Deregulation of Host Transcription When Associated with Specific Structures in the Nucleus. mBio 2021; 12:e0219621. [PMID: 34488451 PMCID: PMC8546537 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02196-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Host shutoff in influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a key process contributing to viral takeover of the cellular machinery and resulting in the downregulation of host gene expression. Analysis of nascently transcribed RNA in a cellular model that allows the functional induction of NS1 demonstrates that NS1 suppresses host transcription. NS1 inhibits the expression of genes driven by RNA polymerase II as well as RNA polymerase I-driven promoters, but not by the noneukaryotic T7 polymerase. Additionally, transcriptional termination is deregulated in cells infected with wild-type IAV. The NS1 effector domain alone is able to mediate both effects, whereas NS1 mutant GLEWN184-188RFKRY (184-188) is not. Overexpression of CPSF30 counteracts NS1-mediated inhibition of RNA polymerase II-driven reporter gene expression, but knockdown of CPSF30 expression does not attenuate gene expression. Although NS1 is associated with nuclear chromatin, superresolution microscopy demonstrates that NS1 does not colocalize with genomic DNA. Moreover, NS1 mutants and NS1 fusion proteins, unable to associate with nuclear chromatin and displaying an altered subcellular distribution are still able to attenuate reporter gene expression. However, tethering NS1 artificially to the cytoskeleton results in the loss of reporter gene inhibition. A NS1 deficient in both native nuclear localization signals (NLS) is able to inhibit gene expression as effective as wild-type NS1 when a synthetic NLS relocates it to specific structures of the nucleus. Colocalization experiments and reporter gene cotransfection experiments with a NS1 fusion guiding it to nuclear speckles suggest that the presence of NS1 in nuclear speckles seems to be essential for host shutoff.
Collapse
|
21
|
Evseev D, Magor KE. Molecular Evolution of the Influenza A Virus Non-structural Protein 1 in Interspecies Transmission and Adaptation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:693204. [PMID: 34671321 PMCID: PMC8521145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.693204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A viruses plays important roles in viral fitness and in the process of interspecies adaptation. It is one of the most polymorphic and mutation-tolerant proteins of the influenza A genome, but its evolutionary patterns in different host species and the selective pressures that underlie them are hard to define. In this review, we highlight some of the species-specific molecular signatures apparent in different NS1 proteins and discuss two functions of NS1 in the process of viral adaptation to new host species. First, we consider the ability of NS1 proteins to broadly suppress host protein expression through interaction with CPSF4. This NS1 function can be spontaneously lost and regained through mutation and must be balanced against the need for host co-factors to aid efficient viral replication. Evidence suggests that this function of NS1 may be selectively lost in the initial stages of viral adaptation to some new host species. Second, we explore the ability of NS1 proteins to inhibit antiviral interferon signaling, an essential function for viral replication without which the virus is severely attenuated in any host. Innate immune suppression by NS1 not only enables viral replication in tissues, but also dampens the adaptive immune response and immunological memory. NS1 proteins suppress interferon signaling and effector functions through a variety of protein-protein interactions that may differ from host to host but must achieve similar goals. The multifunctional influenza A virus NS1 protein is highly plastic, highly versatile, and demonstrates a diversity of context-dependent solutions to the problem of interspecies adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine E. Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mazel-Sanchez B, Iwaszkiewicz J, Bonifacio JPP, Silva F, Niu C, Strohmeier S, Eletto D, Krammer F, Tan G, Zoete V, Hale BG, Schmolke M. Influenza A viruses balance ER stress with host protein synthesis shutoff. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024681118. [PMID: 34479996 PMCID: PMC8433552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024681118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive production of viral glycoproteins during infections poses a tremendous stress potential on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding machinery of the host cell. The host cell balances this by providing more ER resident chaperones and reducing translation. For viruses, this unfolded protein response (UPR) offers the potential to fold more glycoproteins. We postulated that viruses could have developed means to limit the inevitable ER stress to a beneficial level for viral replication. Using a relevant human pathogen, influenza A virus (IAV), we first established the determinant for ER stress and UPR induction during infection. In contrast to a panel of previous reports, we identified neuraminidase to be the determinant for ER stress induction, and not hemagglutinin. IAV relieves ER stress by expression of its nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). NS1 interferes with the host messenger RNA processing factor CPSF30 and suppresses ER stress response factors, such as XBP1. In vivo viral replication is increased when NS1 antagonizes ER stress induction. Our results reveal how IAV optimizes glycoprotein expression by balancing folding capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beryl Mazel-Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Iwaszkiewicz
- Molecular Modelling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joao P P Bonifacio
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Filo Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chengyue Niu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Davide Eletto
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Gene Tan
- Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modelling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirco Schmolke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yeo SJ, Hoang VT, Duong TB, Nguyen NM, Tuong HT, Azam M, Sung HW, Park H. Emergence of a Novel Reassortant H5N3 Avian Influenza Virus in Korean Mallard Ducks in 2018. Intervirology 2021; 65:1-16. [PMID: 34438407 DOI: 10.1159/000517057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The avian influenza (AI) virus causes a highly contagious disease which is common in wild and domestic birds and sporadic in humans. Mutations and genetic reassortments among the 8 negative-sense RNA segments of the viral genome alter its pathogenic potential, demanding well-targeted, active surveillance for infection control. METHODS Wild duck fecal samples were collected during the 2018 bird health annual surveillance in South Korea for tracking variations of the AI virus. One low-pathogenic avian influenza H5N3 reassortment virus (A/mallard duck/South Korea/KNU18-91/2018 [H5N3]) was isolated and genomically characterized by phylogenetic and molecular analyses in this study. RESULTS It was devoid of polybasic amino acids at the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site and exhibited a stalk region without deletion in the neuraminidase (NA) gene and NA inhibitor resistance-linked E/D627K/N and D701N marker mutations in the PB2 gene, suggesting its low-pathogenic AI. It showed a potential of a reassortment where only HA originated from the H5N3 poultry virus of China and other genes were derived from Mongolia. In phylogenetic analysis, HA was different from that of the isolate of H5N3 in Korea, 2015. In addition, this novel virus showed adaptation in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, with 8.05 ± 0.14 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) /mL at 36 h postinfection. However, it could not replicate in mice well, showing positive growth at 3 days postinfection (dpi) (2.1 ± 0.13 log10 TCID50/mL) but not at 6 dpi. CONCLUSIONS The HA antigenic relationship of A/mallard duck/South Korea/KNU18-91/2018 (H5N3) showed differences toward one of the old low-pathogenic H5N3 viruses in Korea. These results indicated that a novel reassortment low-pathogenic avian influenza H5N3 subtype virus emerged in South Korea in 2018 via novel multiple reassortments with Eurasian viruses, rather than one of old Korean H5N3 strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Vui Thi Hoang
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Bao Duong
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hien Thi Tuong
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudsser Azam
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ji ZX, Wang XQ, Liu XF. NS1: A Key Protein in the "Game" Between Influenza A Virus and Host in Innate Immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:670177. [PMID: 34327148 PMCID: PMC8315046 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.670177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the influenza pandemic occurred in 1918, people have recognized the perniciousness of this virus. It can cause mild to severe infections in animals and humans worldwide, with extremely high morbidity and mortality. Since the first day of human discovery of it, the “game” between the influenza virus and the host has never stopped. NS1 protein is the key protein of the influenza virus against host innate immunity. The interaction between viruses and organisms is a complex and dynamic process, in which they restrict each other, but retain their own advantages. In this review, we start by introducing the structure and biological characteristics of NS1, and then investigate the factors that affect pathogenicity of influenza which determined by NS1. In order to uncover the importance of NS1, we analyze the interaction of NS1 protein with interferon system in innate immunity and the molecular mechanism of host antagonism to NS1 protein, highlight the unique biological function of NS1 protein in cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Xing Ji
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Fan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li X, Sun J, Lv X, Wang Y, Li Y, Li M, Liu W, Zhi M, Yang X, Fu T, Ma P, Li Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Yang G, Chen G, Zhang J, Zheng H, Zhang G, Hua Y, Yang S, Li Y, Richt JA, Chai H. Novel Reassortant Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Virus Isolate in Migratory Waterfowl in Hubei Province, China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:220. [PMID: 32117193 PMCID: PMC7031422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2017, an influenza A(H9N2) virus (B51) was isolated from migratory waterfowl in Hubei Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that B51 is a novel reassortant influenza virus containing segments from human H7N4 virus and North American wild bird influenza viruses. This suggest that B51 has undergone multiple reassortment events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinru Lv
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yulei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Investigation and Planning Institute of Hubei Forestry, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhi
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tian Fu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Peiran Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xihua Zhou
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Hesong Zheng
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Hua
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Diversity of A(H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1c avian influenza viruses with evidence of reassortment in Cambodia, 2014-2016. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226108. [PMID: 31815962 PMCID: PMC6901219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Cambodia, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) subtype viruses circulate endemically causing poultry outbreaks and zoonotic human cases. To investigate the genomic diversity and development of endemicity of the predominantly circulating clade 2.3.2.1c A(H5N1) viruses, we characterised 68 AIVs detected in poultry, the environment and from a single human A(H5N1) case from January 2014 to December 2016. Full genomes were generated for 42 A(H5N1) viruses. Phylogenetic analysis shows that five clade 2.3.2.1c genotypes, designated KH1 to KH5, were circulating in Cambodia during this period. The genotypes arose through multiple reassortment events with the neuraminidase (NA) and internal genes belonging to H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1a, clade 2.3.2.1b or A(H9N2) lineages. Phylogenies suggest that the Cambodian AIVs were derived from viruses circulating between Cambodian and Vietnamese poultry. Molecular analyses show that these viruses contained the hemagglutinin (HA) gene substitutions D94N, S133A, S155N, T156A, T188I and K189R known to increase binding to the human-type α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors. Two A(H5N1) viruses displayed the M2 gene S31N or A30T substitutions indicative of adamantane resistance, however, susceptibility testing towards neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, lananmivir and peramivir) of a subset of thirty clade 2.3.2.1c viruses showed susceptibility to all four drugs. This study shows that A(H5N1) viruses continue to reassort with other A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) viruses that are endemic in the region, highlighting the risk of introduction and emergence of novel A(H5N1) genotypes in Cambodia.
Collapse
|
27
|
Bauer DLV, Tellier M, Martínez-Alonso M, Nojima T, Proudfoot NJ, Murphy S, Fodor E. Influenza Virus Mounts a Two-Pronged Attack on Host RNA Polymerase II Transcription. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2119-2129.e3. [PMID: 29768209 PMCID: PMC5972227 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus intimately associates with host RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and mRNA processing machinery. Here, we use mammalian native elongating transcript sequencing (mNET-seq) to examine Pol II behavior during viral infection. We show that influenza virus executes a two-pronged attack on host transcription. First, viral infection causes decreased Pol II gene occupancy downstream of transcription start sites. Second, virus-induced cellular stress leads to a catastrophic failure of Pol II termination at poly(A) sites, with transcription often continuing for tens of kilobases. Defective Pol II termination occurs independently of the ability of the viral NS1 protein to interfere with host mRNA processing. Instead, this termination defect is a common effect of diverse cellular stresses and underlies the production of previously reported downstream-of-gene transcripts (DoGs). Our work has implications for understanding not only host-virus interactions but also fundamental aspects of mammalian transcription. Influenza virus infection dysregulates host transcription Viral infection depletes Pol II from gene bodies downstream of the TSS Virus-induced stress leads to a catastrophic failure of Pol II termination Defective termination does not require viral NS1: host CPSF30 interaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L V Bauer
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Michael Tellier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Mónica Martínez-Alonso
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Takayuki Nojima
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Nick J Proudfoot
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ervin Fodor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Suttie A, Deng YM, Greenhill AR, Dussart P, Horwood PF, Karlsson EA. Inventory of molecular markers affecting biological characteristics of avian influenza A viruses. Virus Genes 2019; 55:739-768. [PMID: 31428925 PMCID: PMC6831541 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulate globally, spilling over into domestic poultry and causing zoonotic infections in humans. Fortunately, AIVs are not yet capable of causing sustained human-to-human infection; however, AIVs are still a high risk as future pandemic strains, especially if they acquire further mutations that facilitate human infection and/or increase pathogenesis. Molecular characterization of sequencing data for known genetic markers associated with AIV adaptation, transmission, and antiviral resistance allows for fast, efficient assessment of AIV risk. Here we summarize and update the current knowledge on experimentally verified molecular markers involved in AIV pathogenicity, receptor binding, replicative capacity, and transmission in both poultry and mammals with a broad focus to include data available on other AIV subtypes outside of A/H5N1 and A/H7N9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box #983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew R Greenhill
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box #983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul F Horwood
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box #983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang G, Chowdury S, Hodges E, Rahman MZ, Jang Y, Hossain ME, Jones J, Stark TJ, Di H, Cook PW, Ghosh S, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Barnes JR, Wentworth DE, Kennedy E, Davis CT. Detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) viruses in waterfowl in Bangladesh. Virology 2019; 534:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
30
|
Nooruzzaman M, Mumu TT, Hasnat A, Akter MN, Rasel MSU, Rahman MM, Parvin R, Begum JA, Chowdhury EH, Islam MR. A new reassortant clade 2.3.2.1a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus causing recent outbreaks in ducks, geese, chickens and turkeys in Bangladesh. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2120-2133. [PMID: 31168925 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A total of 15 dead or sick birds from 13 clinical outbreaks of avian influenza in ducks, geese, chickens and turkeys in 2017 in Bangladesh were examined. The presence of H5N1 influenza A virus in the affected birds was detected by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on full-length gene sequences of all eight gene segments revealed that these recent outbreaks were caused by a new reassortant of clade 2.3.2.1a H5N1 virus, which had been detected earlier in 2015 during surveillance in live bird markets (LBMs) and wet lands. This reassortant virus acquired PB2, PB1, PA, NP and NS genes from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses mostly of non-H9N2 subtypes but retained HA, NA and M genes of the old clade 2.3.2.1a viruses. Nevertheless, the HA gene of these new viruses was 2.7% divergent from that of the old clade 2.3.2.1a viruses circulated in Bangladesh. Interestingly, similar reassortment events could be traced back in four 2.3.2.1a virus isolates of 2013 from backyard ducks. It suggests that this reassortant virus emerged in 2013, which took two years to be detected at a broader scale (i.e. in LBMs), another two years until it became widely spread in poultry and fully replaced the old viruses. Several mutations were detected in the recent Bangladeshi isolates, which are likely to influence possible phenotypic alterations such as increased mammalian adaptation, reduced susceptibility to antiviral agents and reduced host antiviral response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjin Tamanna Mumu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Azmary Hasnat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Nazia Akter
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salah Uddin Rasel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Jahan Ara Begum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Isolation and characterization of H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 in Russia. Virology 2018; 525:216-223. [PMID: 30296682 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In 2016-2017, several subtypes of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus were isolated on the territory of Russia. In the autumn of 2016, during the avian influenza virus surveillance in the territory of the Kamchatka region of Russia the HPAI A(H5N5) influenza virus was isolated. Then, during 2016-2017, multiple outbreaks among wild birds and poultry caused by HPAI A(H5N8) avian influenza virus were recorded in European part of Russia. At the end of 2017, an outbreak among poultry caused by HPAI A(H5N2) influenza virus was recorded in the European part of Russia. Phylogenetic analysis of HA of the A(H5N5), A(H5N8), A(H5N2) showed the strains belong to the clade 2.3.4.4 b. All isolated strains were antigenically closely related to candidate vaccine viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 and showed high virulence in mice. Genetic analysis revealed presence of genetic markers potentially related to high virulence in mice in all studied viruses.
Collapse
|
32
|
Levene RE, Gaglia MM. Host Shutoff in Influenza A Virus: Many Means to an End. Viruses 2018; 10:E475. [PMID: 30189604 PMCID: PMC6165434 DOI: 10.3390/v10090475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus carries few of its own proteins, but uses them effectively to take control of the infected cells and avoid immune responses. Over the years, host shutoff, the widespread down-regulation of host gene expression, has emerged as a key process that contributes to cellular takeover in infected cells. Interestingly, multiple mechanisms of host shutoff have been described in influenza A virus, involving changes in translation, RNA synthesis and stability. Several viral proteins, notably the non-structural protein NS1, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the endoribonuclease PA-X have been implicated in host shutoff. This multitude of host shutoff mechanisms indicates that host shutoff is an important component of the influenza A virus replication cycle. Here we review the various mechanisms of host shutoff in influenza A virus and the evidence that they contribute to immune evasion and/or viral replication. We also discuss what the purpose of having multiple mechanisms may be.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Emily Levene
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Marta Maria Gaglia
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao N, Sebastiano V, Moshkina N, Mena N, Hultquist J, Jimenez-Morales D, Ma Y, Rialdi A, Albrecht R, Fenouil R, Sánchez-Aparicio MT, Ayllon J, Ravisankar S, Haddad B, Ho JSY, Low D, Jin J, Yurchenko V, Prinjha RK, Tarakhovsky A, Squatrito M, Pinto D, Allette K, Byun M, Smith ML, Sebra R, Guccione E, Tumpey T, Krogan N, Greenbaum B, van Bakel H, García-Sastre A, Marazzi I. Influenza virus infection causes global RNAPII termination defects. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:885-893. [PMID: 30177761 PMCID: PMC10754036 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection perturbs host cells and can be used to uncover regulatory mechanisms controlling cellular responses and susceptibility to infections. Using cell biological, biochemical, and genetic tools, we reveal that influenza A virus (IAV) infection induces global transcriptional defects at the 3' ends of active host genes and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) run-through into extragenic regions. Deregulated RNAPII leads to expression of aberrant RNAs (3' extensions and host-gene fusions) that ultimately cause global transcriptional downregulation of physiological transcripts, an effect influencing antiviral response and virulence. This phenomenon occurs with multiple strains of IAV, is dependent on influenza NS1 protein, and can be modulated by SUMOylation of an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of NS1 expressed by the 1918 pandemic IAV strain. Our data identify a strategy used by IAV to suppress host gene expression and indicate that polymorphisms in IDRs of viral proteins can affect the outcome of an infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Moshkina
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nacho Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judd Hultquist
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Rialdi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Romain Fenouil
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Sánchez-Aparicio
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Ayllon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sweta Ravisankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bahareh Haddad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Sook Yuin Ho
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Diana Low
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Epinova Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Alexander Tarakhovsky
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Squatrito
- Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimaada Allette
- Department of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minji Byun
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Laird Smith
- Department of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terrence Tumpey
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nevan Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Greenbaum
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Young SG, Kitchen A, Kayali G, Carrel M. Unlocking pandemic potential: prevalence and spatial patterns of key substitutions in avian influenza H5N1 in Egyptian isolates. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:314. [PMID: 29980172 PMCID: PMC6035396 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza H5N1 has a high human case fatality rate, but is not yet well-adapted to human hosts. Amino acid substitutions currently circulating in avian populations may enhance viral fitness in, and thus viral adaptation to, human hosts. Substitutions which could increase the risk of a human pandemic (through changes to host specificity, virulence, replication ability, transmissibility, or drug susceptibility) are termed key substitutions (KS). Egypt represents the epicenter of human H5N1 infections, with more confirmed cases than any other country. To date, however, there have not been any spatial analyses of KS in Egypt. Methods Using 925 viral samples of H5N1 from Egypt, we aligned protein sequences and scanned for KS. We geocoded isolates using dasymetric mapping, then carried out geospatial hot spot analyses to identify spatial clusters of high KS detection rates. KS prevalence and spatial clusters were evaluated for all detected KS, as well as when stratified by phenotypic consequence. Results A total of 39 distinct KS were detected in the wild, including 17 not previously reported in Egypt. KS were detected in 874 samples (94.5%). Detection rates varied by viral protein with most KS observed in the surface hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins, as well as the interior non-structural 1 (NS1) protein. The most frequently detected KS were associated with increased viral binding to mammalian cells and virulence. Samples with high overall detection rates of KS exhibited statistically significant spatial clustering in two governorates in the northwestern Nile delta, Alexandria and Beheira. Conclusions KS provide a possible mechanism by which avian influenza H5N1 could evolve into a pandemic candidate. With numerous KS circulating in Egypt, and non-random spatial clustering of KS detection rates, these findings suggest the need for increased surveillance in these areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Young
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Andrew Kitchen
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Scientific Research, Human Link, Hazmieh, Lebanon
| | - Margaret Carrel
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee CY, An SH, Kim I, Choi JG, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Kwon HJ. Novel mutations in avian PA in combination with an adaptive mutation in PR8 NP exacerbate the virulence of PR8-derived recombinant influenza A viruses in mice. Vet Microbiol 2018; 221:114-121. [PMID: 29981696 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The polymerase complex of the low-pathogenic avian influenza virus [A/chicken/Korea/KBNP-0028/2000] (0028) has previously been characterized, and novel amino acid residues present in the polymerase acidic protein (PA) that likely contribute to pathogenicity toward mammals have been identified. In the present study, our aims were to generate A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8)-derived recombinant viruses containing the 0028-PA gene with a single amino acid mutation and to test their pathogenicity and replication ability. We found that the recombinant viruses acquired additional single mutations in the nucleoprotein (NP). Because the additional mutations in NP did not affect viral pathogenicity, but rather attenuated viral replication and polymerase activity, the incompatibility of the avian PA gene within the PR8 backbone may have induced an adaptive mutation in NP. To minimize the differences due to NP mutations, we generated 0028-PA mutants with an E375G mutation, not affecting viral replication and pathogenicity, in the NP gene. The PR8-PA(0028)-E684G mutant showed significantly higher viral replication in mammalian cells as compared to PR8-PA(0028) and led to 100% mortality in mice, with significantly increased interferon β expression. Thus, the E684G mutation in the PA gene may play an important role in viral pathogenicity in mice by increasing viral replication and the host immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Young Lee
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee An
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhwan Kim
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Health, KCDC, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Choi
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Laboratory of Poultry Production Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), GBST, Seoul National University, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Trapp S, Soubieux D, Lidove A, Esnault E, Lion A, Guillory V, Wacquiez A, Kut E, Quéré P, Larcher T, Ledevin M, Nadan V, Camus-Bouclainville C, Marc D. Major contribution of the RNA-binding domain of NS1 in the pathogenicity and replication potential of an avian H7N1 influenza virus in chickens. Virol J 2018; 15:55. [PMID: 29587792 PMCID: PMC5870492 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-structural protein NS1 of influenza A viruses harbours several determinants of pathogenicity and host-range. However it is still unclear to what extent each of its two structured domains (i.e. RNA-binding domain, RBD, and effector domain, ED) contribute to its various activities. Methods To evaluate the respective contributions of the two domains, we genetically engineered two variants of an H7N1 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus harbouring amino-acid substitutions that impair the functionality of either domain. The RBD- and ED-mutant viruses were compared to their wt- counterpart in vivo and in vitro, notably in chicken infection and avian cell culture models. Results The double substitution R38A-K41A in the RBD dramatically reduced the pathogenicity and replication potential of the virus, whereas the substitution A149V that was considered to abrogate the IFN-antagonistic activity of the effector domain entailed much less effects. While all three viruses initiated the viral life cycle in avian cells, replication of the R38A-K41A virus was severely impaired. This defect was associated with a delayed synthesis of nucleoprotein NP and a reduced accumulation of NS1, which was found to reach a concentration of about 30 micromol.L− 1 in wt-infected cells at 8 h post-infection. When overexpressed in avian lung epithelial cells, both the wt-NS1 and 3841AA-NS1, but not the A149V-NS1, reduced the poly(I:C)-induced activation of the IFN-sensitive chicken Mx promoter. Unexpectedly, the R38A-K41A substitution in the recombinant RBD did not alter its in vitro affinity for a model dsRNA. When overexpressed in avian cells, both the wt- and A149V-NS1s, as well as the individually expressed wt-RBD to a lesser extent, enhanced the activity of the reconstituted viral RNA-polymerase in a minireplicon assay. Conclusions Collectively, our data emphasized the critical importance and essential role of the RNA-binding domain in essential steps of the virus replication cycle, notably expression and translation of viral mRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Trapp
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Denis Soubieux
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Alexandra Lidove
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Evelyne Esnault
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Adrien Lion
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Vanaique Guillory
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Alan Wacquiez
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel Kut
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Pascale Quéré
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- INRA UMR 703, APEX, Oniris-La Chantrerie, F-44307, Nantes, France.,LUNAM Université, École Nationale Vétérinaire, agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Mireille Ledevin
- INRA UMR 703, APEX, Oniris-La Chantrerie, F-44307, Nantes, France.,LUNAM Université, École Nationale Vétérinaire, agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Nadan
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Orléans, France
| | | | - Daniel Marc
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France. .,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Petersen H, Mostafa A, Tantawy MA, Iqbal AA, Hoffmann D, Tallam A, Selvakumar B, Pessler F, Beer M, Rautenschlein S, Pleschka S. NS Segment of a 1918 Influenza A Virus-Descendent Enhances Replication of H1N1pdm09 and Virus-Induced Cellular Immune Response in Mammalian and Avian Systems. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:526. [PMID: 29623073 PMCID: PMC5874506 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2009 pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1 strain (H1N1pdm09) has widely spread and is circulating in humans and swine together with other human and avian IAVs. This fact raises the concern that reassortment between H1N1pdm09 and co-circulating viruses might lead to an increase of H1N1pdm09 pathogenicity in different susceptible host species. Herein, we explored the potential of different NS segments to enhance the replication dynamics, pathogenicity and host range of H1N1pdm09 strain A/Giessen/06/09 (Gi-wt). The NS segments were derived from (i) human H1N1- and H3N2 IAVs, (ii) highly pathogenic- (H5- or H7-subtypes) or (iii) low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H7- or H9-subtypes). A significant increase of growth kinetics in A549 (human lung epithelia) and NPTr (porcine tracheal epithelia) cells was only noticed in vitro for the reassortant Gi-NS-PR8 carrying the NS segment of the 1918-descendent A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8-wt, H1N1), whereas all other reassortants showed either reduced or comparable replication efficiencies. Analysis using ex vivo tracheal organ cultures of turkeys (TOC-Tu), a species susceptible to IAV H1N1 infection, demonstrated increased replication of Gi-NS-PR8 compared to Gi-wt. Also, Gi-NS-PR8 induced a markedly higher expression of immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and interferon-stimulated genes in A549 cells, THP-1-derived macrophages (dHTP) and TOC-Tu. In vivo, Gi-NS-PR8 induced an earlier onset of mortality than Gi-wt in mice, whereas, 6-week-old chickens were found to be resistant to both viruses. These data suggest that the specific characteristics of the PR8 NS segments can impact on replication, virus induced cellular immune responses and pathogenicity of the H1N1pdm09 in different avian and mammalian host species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Petersen
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tantawy
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azeem A Iqbal
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hanover, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Aravind Tallam
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Balachandar Selvakumar
- Max-Planck Laboratory for Heart and Lung Research, Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Frank Pessler
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hanover, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Specific Mutations in the PB2 Protein of Influenza A Virus Compensate for the Lack of Efficient Interferon Antagonism of the NS1 Protein of Bat Influenza A-Like Viruses. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.02021-17. [PMID: 29321309 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02021-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, two new influenza A-like viruses have been discovered in bats, A/little yellow-shouldered bat/Guatemala/060/2010 (HL17NL10) and A/flat-faced bat/Peru/033/2010 (HL18NL11). The hemagglutinin (HA)-like (HL) and neuraminidase (NA)-like (NL) proteins of these viruses lack hemagglutination and neuraminidase activities, despite their sequence and structural homologies with the HA and NA proteins of conventional influenza A viruses. We have now investigated whether the NS1 proteins of the HL17NL10 and HL18NL11 viruses can functionally replace the NS1 protein of a conventional influenza A virus. For this purpose, we generated recombinant influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) H1N1 viruses containing the NS1 protein of the PR8 wild-type, HL17NL10, and HL18NL11 viruses. These viruses (r/NS1PR8, r/NS1HL17, and r/NS1HL18, respectively) were tested for replication in bat and nonbat mammalian cells and in mice. Our results demonstrate that the r/NS1HL17 and r/NS1HL18 viruses are attenuated in vitro and in vivo However, the bat NS1 recombinant viruses showed a phenotype similar to that of the r/NS1PR8 virus in STAT1-/- human A549 cells and mice, both in vitro and in vivo systems being unable to respond to interferon (IFN). Interestingly, multiple mouse passages of the r/NS1HL17 and r/NS1HL18 viruses resulted in selection of mutant viruses containing single amino acid mutations in the viral PB2 protein. In contrast to the parental viruses, virulence and IFN antagonism were restored in the selected PB2 mutants. Our results indicate that the NS1 protein of bat influenza A-like viruses is less efficient than the NS1 protein of its conventional influenza A virus NS1 counterpart in antagonizing the IFN response and that this deficiency can be overcome by the influenza virus PB2 protein.IMPORTANCE Significant gaps in our understanding of the basic features of the recently discovered bat influenza A-like viruses HL17NL10 and HL18NL11 remain. The basic biology of these unique viruses displays both similarities to and differences from the basic biology of conventional influenza A viruses. Here, we show that recombinant influenza A viruses containing the NS1 protein from HL17NL10 and HL18NL11 are attenuated. This attenuation was mediated by their inability to antagonize the type I IFN response. However, this deficiency could be compensated for by single amino acid replacements in the PB2 gene. Our results unravel a functional divergence between the NS1 proteins of bat influenza A-like and conventional influenza A viruses and demonstrate an interplay between the viral PB2 and NS1 proteins to antagonize IFN.
Collapse
|
39
|
Vasin AV, Petrova-Brodskaya AV, Plotnikova MA, Tsvetkov VB, Klotchenko SA. EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS OF INFLUENZA A VIRUS NS1 PROTEIN. Vopr Virusol 2017; 62:246-258. [PMID: 36494956 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2017-62-6-246-258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) NS1 protein is one of the key viral factors responsible for virus-host interactions. NS1 counteracts host antiviral defense, participates in the processing and export of cellular mRNAs, regulates the activity of viral RNA polymerase and the expression of viral genes, and influences the cellular signaling systems. Multiple NS1 functions are carried out due to the interactions with cellular factors, the number of which exceeds one hundred. It is noteworthy that only two segments of IAV genome - NS and NP - did not undergo reassortment and evolved in the course of genetic drift, beginning with the pandemic of 1918 to the present. This fact may indicate the importance of NS1 and its numerous interactions with cellular factors in the interspecific adaptation of the virus. The review presents data on the evolution of the human IAV NS1 protein and analysis of the amino acid substitutions in the main structural and functional domains of NS1 protein during evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Vasin
- Research Institute of Influenza.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
| | - A V Petrova-Brodskaya
- Research Institute of Influenza.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
| | | | - V B Tsvetkov
- Research Institute of Influenza.,A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences.,Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is an RNA virus with a segmented genome. These viral properties allow for the rapid evolution of IAV under selective pressure, due to mutation occurring from error-prone replication and the exchange of gene segments within a co-infected cell, termed reassortment. Both mutation and reassortment give rise to genetic diversity, but constraints shape their impact on viral evolution: just as most mutations are deleterious, most reassortment events result in genetic incompatibilities. The phenomenon of segment mismatch encompasses both RNA- and protein-based incompatibilities between co-infecting viruses and results in the production of progeny viruses with fitness defects. Segment mismatch is an important determining factor of the outcomes of mixed IAV infections and has been addressed in multiple risk assessment studies undertaken to date. However, due to the complexity of genetic interactions among the eight viral gene segments, our understanding of segment mismatch and its underlying mechanisms remain incomplete. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding segment mismatch and discuss the implications of this phenomenon for IAV reassortment and diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anice C Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein Promotes Efficient Nuclear Export of Unspliced Viral M1 mRNA. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00528-17. [PMID: 28515301 PMCID: PMC5651720 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00528-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus mRNAs are transcribed by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in the cell nucleus before being exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Segment 7 produces two major transcripts: an unspliced mRNA that encodes the M1 matrix protein and a spliced transcript that encodes the M2 ion channel. Export of both mRNAs is dependent on the cellular NXF1/TAP pathway, but it is unclear how they are recruited to the export machinery or how the intron-containing but unspliced M1 mRNA bypasses the normal quality-control checkpoints. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization to monitor segment 7 mRNA localization, we found that cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced M1 mRNA was inefficient in the absence of NS1, both in the context of segment 7 RNPs reconstituted by plasmid transfection and in mutant virus-infected cells. This effect was independent of any major effect on steady-state levels of segment 7 mRNA or splicing but corresponded to a ∼5-fold reduction in the accumulation of M1. A similar defect in intronless hemagglutinin (HA) mRNA nuclear export was seen with an NS1 mutant virus. Efficient export of M1 mRNA required both an intact NS1 RNA-binding domain and effector domain. Furthermore, while wild-type NS1 interacted with cellular NXF1 and also increased the interaction of segment 7 mRNA with NXF1, mutant NS1 polypeptides unable to promote mRNA export did neither. Thus, we propose that NS1 facilitates late viral gene expression by acting as an adaptor between viral mRNAs and the cellular nuclear export machinery to promote their nuclear export.IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus is a major pathogen of a wide variety of mammalian and avian species that threatens public health and food security. A fuller understanding of the virus life cycle is important to aid control strategies. The virus has a small genome that encodes relatively few proteins that are often multifunctional. Here, we characterize a new function for the NS1 protein, showing that, as well as previously identified roles in antagonizing the innate immune defenses of the cell and directly upregulating translation of viral mRNAs, it also promotes the nuclear export of the viral late gene mRNAs by acting as an adaptor between the viral mRNAs and the cellular mRNA nuclear export machinery.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang BX, Brown EG, Fish EN. Residues F103 and M106 within the influenza A virus NS1 CPSF4-binding region regulate interferon-stimulated gene translation initiation. Virology 2017; 508:170-179. [PMID: 28554059 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) suppresses host innate immune responses by inhibiting type I interferon (IFN) production. We provide evidence that residues F103 and M106 in the CPSF4-binding domain of A/HK/1/68 [H3N2] NS1 contribute to post-transcriptional inhibition of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), thereby suppressing an antiviral type I IFN response. Recombinant (r) IAVs encoding F103L and M106I mutations in NS1 replicate to significantly lower viral titers in human A549 lung epithelial cells and primary type II alveolar cells. In A549 cells, rIAVs encoding these mutant NS1s induce higher levels of IFN-β production and are more sensitive to the antiviral effects of IFN-β treatment. qPCR characterization of polysomal mRNA, in the presence or absence of IFN-β treatment, identified a greater proportion of heavy polysome-associated ISGs including EIF2AK2, OAS1, and MxA in A549 cells infected with rIAVs encoding these CPSF4-binding mutant NS1s, in contrast to rIAV encoding wildtype NS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben X Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 67 College Street, Room 424, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M1
| | - Earl G Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Eleanor N Fish
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 67 College Street, Room 424, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M1.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Killip MJ, Jackson D, Pérez-Cidoncha M, Fodor E, Randall RE. Single-cell studies of IFN-β promoter activation by wild-type and NS1-defective influenza A viruses. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:357-363. [PMID: 27983470 PMCID: PMC5721924 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion or truncation of NS1, the principal IFN antagonist of influenza viruses, leads to increased IFN induction during influenza virus infection. We have studied activation of the IFN induction cascade by both wild-type and NS1-defective viruses at the single-cell level using a cell line expressing GFP under the control of the IFN-β promoter and by examining MxA expression. The IFN-β promoter was not activated in all infected cells even during NS1-defective virus infections. Loss of NS1 expression is therefore insufficient per se to induce IFN in an infected cell, and factors besides NS1 expression status must dictate whether the IFN response is activated. The IFN response was efficiently stimulated in these cells following infection with other viruses; the differential IFN response we observe with influenza viruses is therefore not cell specific but is likely due to differences in the nature of the infecting virus particles and their subsequent replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. J Killip
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- *Correspondence: M. J. Killip,
| | - D Jackson
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - M Pérez-Cidoncha
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - E Fodor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - R. E Randall
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
- R. E. Randall,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kanrai P, Mostafa A, Madhugiri R, Lechner M, Wilk E, Schughart K, Ylösmäki L, Saksela K, Ziebuhr J, Pleschka S. Identification of specific residues in avian influenza A virus NS1 that enhance viral replication and pathogenicity in mammalian systems. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2135-2148. [PMID: 27405649 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reassortment of their segmented genomes allows influenza A viruses (IAV) to gain new characteristics, which potentially enable them to cross the species barrier and infect new hosts. Improved replication was observed for reassortants of the strictly avian IAV A/FPV/Rostock/34 (FPV, H7N1) containing the NS segment from A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (GD, H5N1), but not for reassortants containing the NS segment of A/Mallard/NL/12/2000 (MA, H7N3). The NS1 of GD and MA differ only in 8 aa positions. Here, we show that efficient replication of FPV-NSMA-derived mutants was linked to the presence of a single substitution (D74N) and more prominently to a triple substitution (P3S+R41K+D74N) in the NS1MA protein. The substitution(s) led to (i) increased virus titres, (ii) larger plaque sizes and (iii) increased levels and faster kinetics of viral mRNA and protein accumulation in mammalian cells. Interestingly, the NS1 substitutions did not affect viral growth characteristics in avian cells. Furthermore, we show that an FPV mutant with N74 in the NS1 (already possessing S3+K41) is able to replicate and cause disease in mice, demonstrating a key role of NS1 in the adaptation of avian IAV to mammalian hosts. Our data suggest that (i) adaptation to mammalian hosts does not necessarily compromise replication in the natural (avian) host and (ii) very few genetic changes may pave the way for zoonotic transmission. The study reinforces the need for close surveillance and characterization of circulating avian IAV to identify genetic signatures that indicate a potential risk for efficient transmission of avian strains to mammalian hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pumaree Kanrai
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Center (NRC), 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ramakanth Madhugiri
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Lechner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Esther Wilk
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Leena Ylösmäki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3) 00014, Finland
| | - Kalle Saksela
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3) 00014, Finland
| | - John Ziebuhr
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Heaton NS, Moshkina N, Fenouil R, Gardner TJ, Aguirre S, Shah PS, Zhao N, Manganaro L, Hultquist JF, Noel J, Sachs D, Hamilton J, Leon PE, Chawdury A, Tripathi S, Melegari C, Campisi L, Hai R, Metreveli G, Gamarnik AV, García-Sastre A, Greenbaum B, Simon V, Fernandez-Sesma A, Krogan NJ, Mulder LCF, van Bakel H, Tortorella D, Taunton J, Palese P, Marazzi I. Targeting Viral Proteostasis Limits Influenza Virus, HIV, and Dengue Virus Infection. Immunity 2016; 44:46-58. [PMID: 26789921 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites and thus require the machinery of the host cell to replicate. Inhibition of host factors co-opted during active infection is a strategy hosts use to suppress viral replication and a potential pan-antiviral therapy. To define the cellular proteins and processes required for a virus during infection is thus crucial to understanding the mechanisms of virally induced disease. In this report, we generated fully infectious tagged influenza viruses and used infection-based proteomics to identify pivotal arms of cellular signaling required for influenza virus growth and infectivity. Using mathematical modeling and genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we revealed that modulation of Sec61-mediated cotranslational translocation selectively impaired glycoprotein proteostasis of influenza as well as HIV and dengue viruses and led to inhibition of viral growth and infectivity. Thus, by studying virus-human protein-protein interactions in the context of active replication, we have identified targetable host factors for broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Heaton
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Natasha Moshkina
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Romain Fenouil
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardner
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Sebastian Aguirre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Priya S Shah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2140, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Lara Manganaro
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2140, USA
| | - Justine Noel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - David Sachs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Jennifer Hamilton
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Paul E Leon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Amit Chawdury
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Camilla Melegari
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Laura Campisi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Rong Hai
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Giorgi Metreveli
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Andrea V Gamarnik
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Benjamin Greenbaum
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2140, USA
| | - Lubbertus C F Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Jack Taunton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2140, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30: An RNA-binding zinc-finger protein with an unexpected 2Fe-2S cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4700-5. [PMID: 27071088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517620113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30 (CPSF30) is a key protein involved in pre-mRNA processing. CPSF30 contains five Cys3His domains (annotated as "zinc-finger" domains). Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy, we report that CPSF30 is isolated with iron, in addition to zinc. Iron is present in CPSF30 as a 2Fe-2S cluster and uses one of the Cys3His domains; 2Fe-2S clusters with a Cys3His ligand set are rare and notably have also been identified in MitoNEET, a protein that was also annotated as a zinc finger. These findings support a role for iron in some zinc-finger proteins. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and fluorescence anisotropy, we report that CPSF30 selectively recognizes the AU-rich hexamer (AAUAAA) sequence present in pre-mRNA, providing the first molecular-based evidence to our knowledge for CPSF30/RNA binding. Removal of zinc, or both zinc and iron, abrogates binding, whereas removal of just iron significantly lessens binding. From these data we propose a model for RNA recognition that involves a metal-dependent cooperative binding mechanism.
Collapse
|
47
|
Dahiru Rogo L, Rezaei F, Shafiei-Jandaghi NZ, Ghavami N, Fatemi-Nasab G, Mokhtari-Azad T. Analysis of amino acid changes in NS protein of influenza A/(H3N2) virus in Iranian isolates. Future Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Roles of NS gene of influenza A virus in virulence and replication are well established but extent of its variation in seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses in Iran is not well known. Materials & methods: NS gene of 37 (A/H3N2) virus isolates were sequenced and analyzed for information on genetic changes. Results: Data analysis of NS1 protein revealed two amino acid substitutions E26K and Q193R in almost all strains. Substitutions in T58P in 27.0%, A86S in 13.5% and each of V11G, M81I and P85T in 2.7% Iranian strains were also observed. Mutations in NS2/NEP protein were observed in K36E, Q101L and F107S. Conclusion: Many mutations were observed for the first time in Iranian strains. Their function remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawal Dahiru Rogo
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Nigeria
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- National Influenza Center, Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Z Shafiei-Jandaghi
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- National Influenza Center, Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghavami
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- National Influenza Center, Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Fatemi-Nasab
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- National Influenza Center, Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- National Influenza Center, Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cellular DDX21 RNA helicase inhibits influenza A virus replication but is counteracted by the viral NS1 protein. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 15:484-93. [PMID: 24721576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus RNA synthesis is catalyzed by the viral polymerase comprised of the PA, PB1, and PB2 proteins. We show that the host DDX21 RNA helicase restricts influenza A virus by binding PB1 and inhibiting polymerase assembly, resulting in reduced viral RNA and protein synthesis. Later during infection, the viral NS1 protein overcomes this restriction by binding to DDX21 and displacing PB1. DDX21 binds to a region of the NS1 N-terminal domain that also participates in other critical functions. A virus mutant whose NS1 protein is unable to bind DDX21 exhibits reduced viral protein synthesis at both late and early times of infection, a phenotype converted to wild-type upon DDX21 knockdown. As sequential interaction of PB1 and NS1 with DDX21 leads to temporal regulation of viral gene expression, influenza A virus likely uses the DDX21-NS1 interaction not only to overcome restriction, but also to regulate the viral life cycle.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The non-structural protein 1 of influenza virus (NS1) is a relatively small polypeptide with an outstanding number of ascribed functions. NS1 is the main viral antagonist of the innate immune response during influenza virus infection, chiefly by inhibiting the type I interferon system at multiple steps. As such, its role is critical to overcome the first barrier the host presents to halt the viral infection. However, the pro-viral activities of this well-studied protein go far beyond and include regulation of viral RNA and protein synthesis, and disruption of the host cell homeostasis by dramatically affecting general gene expression while tweaking the PI3K signaling network. Because of all of this, NS1 is a key virulence factor that impacts influenza pathogenesis, and adaptation to new hosts, making it an attractive target for control strategies. Here, we will overview the many roles that have been ascribed to the NS1 protein, and give insights into the sequence features and structural properties that make them possible, highlighting the need to understand how NS1 can actually perform all of these functions during viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ayllon
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
The pathological effects of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes are amplified by an IFNAR1-triggered chemokine feedback loop in highly pathogenic influenza infection. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:99. [PMID: 25407417 PMCID: PMC4243311 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly pathogenic influenza viruses cause high levels of morbidity, including excessive infiltration of leukocytes into the lungs, high viral loads and a cytokine storm. However, the details of how these pathological features unfold in severe influenza infections remain unclear. Accumulation of Gr1 + CD11b + myeloid cells has been observed in highly pathogenic influenza infections but it is not clear how and why they accumulate in the severely inflamed lung. In this study, we selected this cell population as a target to investigate the extreme inflammatory response during severe influenza infection. RESULTS We established H1N1 IAV-infected mouse models using three viruses of varying pathogenicity and noted the accumulation of a defined Gr1 + CD11b + myeloid population correlating with the pathogenicity. Herein, we reported that CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes are the major cell compartments in this population. Of note, impaired clearance of the high pathogenicity virus prolonged IFN expression, leading to CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes amplifying their own recruitment via an interferon-α/β receptor 1 (IFNAR1)-triggered chemokine loop. Blockage of IFNAR1-triggered signaling or inhibition of viral replication by Oseltamivir significantly suppresses the expression of CCR2 ligands and reduced the influx of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes. Furthermore, trafficking of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes from the bone marrow to the lung was evidenced by a CCR2-dependent chemotaxis. Importantly, leukocyte infiltration, cytokine storm and expression of iNOS were significantly reduced in CCR2-/- mice lacking infiltrating CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes, enhancing the survival of the infected mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that uncontrolled viral replication leads to excessive production of inflammatory innate immune responses by accumulating CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes, which contribute to the fatal outcomes of high pathogenicity virus infections.
Collapse
|