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Kuramoto K, Morishima Y, Yoshida K, Ano S, Kawashima K, Yabuuchi Y, Sakai C, Matsumura S, Nishino K, Yazaki K, Matsuyama M, Kiwamoto T, Ishii Y, Hizawa N. Nrf2 Deficiency Accelerates IL-17-Dependent Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:818. [PMID: 39061887 PMCID: PMC11274244 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that can be broadly classified into type 2, which is primarily steroid-sensitive and eosinophilic, and non-type 2, which is primarily steroid-resistant and neutrophilic. While the mechanisms leading to the development of molecular-targeted therapies for type 2 asthma are being elucidated, much remains to be learned about non-type 2 asthma. To investigate the role of oxidative stress in refractory allergic airway inflammation, we compared asthma models generated by immunizing wild-type and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-deficient mice with the house dust mite antigen. Both asthma models had similar levels of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, but the Nrf2-deficient mice had increased oxidative stress and exacerbated neutrophilic airway inflammation compared with the wild-type mice. Type 2 cytokines and the expression of GATA3, a transcription factor that is important for Th2 cell differentiation, had decreased in Nrf2-deficient mice compared with the wild-type mice, whereas helper T (Th) 17 cytokines and the expression of RORγt, which is important for Th17 cell differentiation, had increased. Furthermore, the neutrophilic airway inflammation caused by Nrf2 deficiency was ameliorated by interleukin (IL)-17 neutralization. We have concluded that the disruption of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense system contributed to the induction of Th17 differentiation and exacerbated allergic neutrophilic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko Morishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan (C.S.); (K.N.); (Y.I.)
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2
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Kim B, Kim YS, Li W, Kwon EB, Chung HS, Go Y, Choi JG. Ginsenoside Rg5, a potent agonist of Nrf2, inhibits HSV-1 infection-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting oxidative stress and NF-κB activation. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:384-394. [PMID: 39036736 PMCID: PMC11258381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), known to latently infect the host's trigeminal ganglion, can lead to severe herpes encephalitis or asymptomatic infection, potentially contributing to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The virus generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that significantly impact viral replication and induce chronic inflammation through NF-κB activation. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an oxidative stress regulator, can prevent and treat HSV-1 infection by activating the passive defense response in the early stages of infection. Methods and results Our study investigated the antiviral effects of ginsenoside Rg5, an Nrf2 activator, on HSV-1 replication and several host cell signaling pathways. We found that HSV-1 infection inhibited Nrf2 activity in host cells, induced ROS/NF-κB signaling, and triggered inflammatory cytokines. However, treatment with ginsenoside Rg5 inhibited ROS/NF-κB signaling and reduced inflammatory cytokines through NRF2 induction. Interestingly, the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 suppressed the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) and enhanced the expression of KEAP1 in HSV-1 infected cells. This led to the reversal of VP16 expression inhibition, a protein factor associated with HSV-1 infection, thereby promoting HSV-1 replication. Conclusion These findings suggest for the first time that ginsenoside Rg5 may serve as an antiviral against HSV-1 infection and could be a novel therapeutic agent for HSV-1-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bin Kwon
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kombe Kombe AJ, Fotoohabadi L, Nanduri R, Gerasimova Y, Daskou M, Gain C, Sharma E, Wong M, Kelesidis T. The Role of the Nrf2 Pathway in Airway Tissue Damage Due to Viral Respiratory Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7042. [PMID: 39000157 PMCID: PMC11241721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses constitute a significant cause of illness and death worldwide. Respiratory virus-associated injuries include oxidative stress, ferroptosis, inflammation, pyroptosis, apoptosis, fibrosis, autoimmunity, and vascular injury. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the pathophysiology of viral infection and associated complications. It has thus emerged as a pivotal player in cellular defense mechanisms against such damage. Here, we discuss the impact of Nrf2 activation on airway injuries induced by respiratory viruses, including viruses, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, and respiratory syncytial viruses. The inhibition or deregulation of Nrf2 pathway activation induces airway tissue damage in the presence of viral respiratory infections. In contrast, Nrf2 pathway activation demonstrates protection against tissue and organ injuries. Clinical trials involving Nrf2 agonists are needed to define the effect of Nrf2 therapeutics on airway tissues and organs damaged by viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Leila Fotoohabadi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Yulia Gerasimova
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Maria Daskou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eashan Sharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Muzammil K, Sabah Ghnim Z, Saeed Gataa I, Fawzi Al-Hussainy A, Ali Soud N, Adil M, Ali Shallan M, Yasamineh S. NRF2-mediated regulation of lipid pathways in viral infection. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101279. [PMID: 38772081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The first line of defense against viral infection of the host cell is the cellular lipid membrane, which is also a crucial first site of contact for viruses. Lipids may sometimes be used as viral receptors by viruses. For effective infection, viruses significantly depend on lipid rafts during the majority of the viral life cycle. It has been discovered that different viruses employ different lipid raft modification methods for attachment, internalization, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly, and release. To preserve cellular homeostasis, cells have potent antioxidant, detoxifying, and cytoprotective capabilities. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), widely expressed in many tissues and cell types, is one crucial component controlling electrophilic and oxidative stress (OS). NRF2 has recently been given novel tasks, including controlling inflammation and antiviral interferon (IFN) responses. The activation of NRF2 has two effects: it may both promote and prevent the development of viral diseases. NRF2 may also alter the host's metabolism and innate immunity during viral infection. However, its primary function in viral infections is to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS). In several research, the impact of NRF2 on lipid metabolism has been examined. NRF2 is also involved in the control of lipids during viral infection. We evaluated NRF2's function in controlling viral and lipid infections in this research. We also looked at how lipids function in viral infections. Finally, we investigated the role of NRF2 in lipid modulation during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Nashat Ali Soud
- Collage of Dentist, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | | | | | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Merz MP, Seal SV, Grova N, Mériaux S, Guebels P, Kanli G, Mommaerts E, Nicot N, Kaoma T, Keunen O, Nazarov PV, Turner JD. Early-life influenza A (H1N1) infection independently programs brain connectivity, HPA AXIS and tissue-specific gene expression profiles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5898. [PMID: 38467724 PMCID: PMC10928197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity covers a range of physical, social and environmental stressors. Acute viral infections in early life are a major source of such adversity and have been associated with a broad spectrum of later-life effects outside the immune system or "off-target". These include an altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and metabolic reactions. Here, we used a murine post-natal day 14 (PND 14) Influenza A (H1N1) infection model and applied a semi-holistic approach including phenotypic measurements, gene expression arrays and diffusion neuroimaging techniques to investigate HPA axis dysregulation, energy metabolism and brain connectivity. By PND 56 the H1N1 infection had been resolved, and there was no residual gene expression signature of immune cell infiltration into the liver, adrenal gland or brain tissues examined nor of immune-related signalling. A resolved early-life H1N1 infection had sex-specific effects. We observed retarded growth of males and altered pre-stress (baseline) blood glucose and corticosterone levels at PND42 after the infection was resolved. Cerebral MRI scans identified reduced connectivity in the cortex, midbrain and cerebellum that were accompanied by tissue-specific gene expression signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that these were tissue-specific changes with few common pathways. Early-life infection independently affected each of the systems and this was independent of HPA axis or immune perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam P Merz
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de Université, L-4365, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Central Biobank Charité, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Snehaa V Seal
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de Université, L-4365, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Inserm U1256, NGERE, Nutrition-Génétique Et Exposition Aux Risques Environnementaux, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Mériaux
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pauline Guebels
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Georgia Kanli
- In Vivo Imaging Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Translational Radiomics, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Elise Mommaerts
- LuxGen Genome Center, Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Nicot
- LuxGen Genome Center, Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Bioinformatics Platform, Data Integration and Analysis Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Keunen
- In Vivo Imaging Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Translational Radiomics, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Bioinformatics Platform, Data Integration and Analysis Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Multiomics Data Science Research Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Daskou M, Fotooh Abadi L, Gain C, Wong M, Sharma E, Kombe Kombe AJ, Nanduri R, Kelesidis T. The Role of the NRF2 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Viral Respiratory Infections. Pathogens 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38251346 PMCID: PMC10819673 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, acute and chronic respiratory infections caused by viruses are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viruses infect airway epithelial cells and induce oxidative stress, yet the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which plays a key role in alleviating redox-induced cellular injury. The transcriptional activation of NRF2 has been reported to affect both viral replication and associated inflammation pathways. There is complex bidirectional crosstalk between virus replication and the NRF2 pathway because virus replication directly or indirectly regulates NRF2 expression, and NRF2 activation can reversely hamper viral replication and viral spread across cells and tissues. In this review, we discuss the complex role of the NRF2 pathway in the regulation of the pathogenesis of the main respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses. We also summarize the scientific evidence regarding the effects of the known NRF2 agonists that can be utilized to alter the NRF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daskou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eashan Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
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7
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Chi YL, Xie Y, Liu SQ, Zhu WY. Bardoxolone methyl inhibits the infection of rabies virus via Nrf2 pathway activation in vitro. Virol J 2023; 20:258. [PMID: 37950261 PMCID: PMC10638713 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabies is a widespread, fatal, infectious disease. Several antivirals against rabies virus (RABV) infection have been reported, but no approved, RABV-specific antiviral drugs that inhibit RABV infection in the clinic after symptom onset are available. Therefore, more effective drugs to reduce rabies fatalities are urgently needed. Bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me), an FDA-approved compound that has long been known as an antioxidant inflammatory modulator and one of the most potent nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) activators, protects myelin, axons, and CNS neurons by Nrf2 activation. Therefore, we investigated the potency of its anti-RABV activity in vitro. METHODS The mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (N2a) and three RABV strains of different virulence were used; the cytotoxicity and anti-RABV activity of CDDO-Me in N2a cells were evaluated by CCK-8 assay and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assay. Pathway activation in N2a cells infected with the RABV strains SC16, CVS-11 or CTN upon CDDO-Me treatment was evaluated by western blotting (WB) and DFA assay. RESULTS CDDO-Me significantly inhibited infection of the three RABV strains of differing virulence (SC16, CVS-11 and CTN) in N2a cells. We also examined whether CDDO-Me activates the Nrf2-associated pathway upon infection with RABV strains of differing virulence. Nrf2, phosphorylated sequestosome (SQSTM1), SQSTM1, hemoglobin oxygenase (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) expression in N2a cells increased to varying degrees with CDDO-Me treatment, accompanied by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) dissociation, upon infection with SC16, CVS-11 or CTN. The activation of SQSTM1 phosphorylation was significantly associated with the degradation of Keap-1 in CDDO-Me-treated N2a cells upon RABV infection. Furthermore, N2a cells pretreated with the Nrf2-specific inhibitor ATRA showed a significant decrease in HO-1 and NQO1 expression and a decrease in the anti-RABV efficacy of CDDO-Me. These inhibitory effects were observed upon infection with three RABV strains of differing virulence. CONCLUSION CDDO-Me inhibited RABV infection via Nrf2 activation, promoting a cytoprotective defense response in N2a cells. Our study provides a therapeutic strategy for RABV inhibition and neuroprotection during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin Chi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wu Yang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Waqas FH, Shehata M, Elgaher WAM, Lacour A, Kurmasheva N, Begnini F, Kiib AE, Dahlmann J, Chen C, Pavlou A, Poulsen TB, Merkert S, Martin U, Olmer R, Olagnier D, Hirsch AKH, Pleschka S, Pessler F. NRF2 activators inhibit influenza A virus replication by interfering with nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral RNPs in an NRF2-independent manner. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011506. [PMID: 37459366 PMCID: PMC10374058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, activators of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid-2-like-2 (NRF2) signaling pathway have antiviral effects, but the underlying antiviral mechanisms are incompletely understood. We evaluated the ability of the NRF2 activators 4-octyl itaconate (4OI), bardoxolone methyl (BARD), sulforaphane (SFN), and the inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export selinexor (SEL) to interfere with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) infection of human cells. All compounds reduced viral titers in supernatants from A549 cells and vascular endothelial cells in the order of efficacy SEL>4OI>BARD = SFN, which correlated with their ability to prevent nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral nucleoprotein and the host cell protein p53. In contrast, intracellular levels of viral HA mRNA and nucleocapsid protein (NP) were unaffected. Knocking down mRNA encoding KEAP1 (the main inhibitor of NRF2) or inactivating the NFE2L2 gene (which encodes NRF2) revealed that physiologic NRF2 signaling restricts IAV replication. However, the antiviral effect of all compounds was NRF2-independent. Instead, XPO1 knock-down greatly reduced viral titers, and incubation of Calu3 cells with an alkynated 4OI probe demonstrated formation of a covalent complex with XPO1. Ligand-target modelling predicted covalent binding of all three NRF2 activators and SEL to the active site of XPO1 involving the critical Cys528. SEL and 4OI manifested the highest binding energies, whereby the 4-octyl tail of 4OI interacted extensively with the hydrophobic groove of XPO1, which binds nuclear export sequences on cargo proteins. Conversely, SEL as well as the three NRF2 activators were predicted to covalently bind the functionally critical Cys151 in KEAP1. Blocking XPO1-mediated nuclear export may, thus, constitute a "noncanonical" mechanism of anti-influenza activity of electrophilic NRF2 activators that can interact with similar cysteine environments at the active sites of XPO1 and KEAP1. Considering the importance of XPO1 function to a variety of pathogenic viruses, compounds that are optimized to inhibit both targets may constitute an important class of broadly active host-directed treatments that embody anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar H Waqas
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walid A M Elgaher
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Antoine Lacour
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Fabio Begnini
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders E Kiib
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Dahlmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Chutao Chen
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sylvia Merkert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Keskinidou C, Vassiliou AG, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE. Mechanistic Understanding of Lung Inflammation: Recent Advances and Emerging Techniques. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3501-3546. [PMID: 35734098 PMCID: PMC9207257 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s282695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung injury characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma. Hence, it is considered as the most appropriate clinical syndrome to study pathogenic mechanisms of lung inflammation. ARDS is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), while no effective pharmacological treatment exists. It is very important therefore to fully characterize the underlying pathobiology and the related mechanisms, in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In vivo and in vitro models are important pre-clinical tools in biological and medical research in the mechanistic and pathological understanding of the majority of diseases. In this review, we will present data from selected experimental models of lung injury/acute lung inflammation, which have been based on clinical disorders that can lead to the development of ARDS and related inflammatory lung processes in humans, including ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, smoke, acid aspiration, radiation, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), influenza, Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae and coronaviruses infection. Data from the corresponding clinical conditions will also be presented. The mechanisms related to lung inflammation that will be covered are oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, surfactant, and water and ion channels. Finally, we will present a brief overview of emerging techniques in the field of omics research that have been applied to ARDS research, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which may recognize factors to help stratify ICU patients at risk, predict their prognosis, and possibly, serve as more specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi Keskinidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alice G Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
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10
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Xin Y, Chen S, Tang K, Wu Y, Guo Y. Identification of Nifurtimox and Chrysin as Anti-Influenza Virus Agents by Clinical Transcriptome Signature Reversion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042372. [PMID: 35216485 PMCID: PMC8876279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development in the field of transcriptomics provides remarkable biomedical insights for drug discovery. In this study, a transcriptome signature reversal approach was conducted to identify the agents against influenza A virus (IAV) infection through dissecting gene expression changes in response to disease or compounds’ perturbations. Two compounds, nifurtimox and chrysin, were identified by a modified Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic based on the transcriptional signatures from 81 IAV-infected patients and the gene expression profiles of 1309 compounds. Their activities were verified in vitro with half maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) from 9.1 to 19.1 μM against H1N1 or H3N2. It also suggested that the two compounds interfered with multiple sessions in IAV infection by reversing the expression of 28 IAV informative genes. Through network-based analysis of the 28 reversed IAV informative genes, a strong synergistic effect of the two compounds was revealed, which was confirmed in vitro. By using the transcriptome signature reversion (TSR) on clinical datasets, this study provides an efficient scheme for the discovery of drugs targeting multiple host factors regarding clinical signs and symptoms, which may also confer an opportunity for decelerating drug-resistant variant emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shubing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-63161716
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11
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Wu XY, Wang T, Hu HX, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Zhao BB, Lou HX, Wang XN, Shen T. The alleviative effect of flavonol-type Nrf2 activator rhamnazin from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino on pulmonary disorders. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1692-1707. [PMID: 35129872 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnazin (RN) is a flavonol isolated from the calyxes and fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino, which has been used for treating pulmonary diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a therapeutic target for pulmonary diseases. In the present study, the underlying mechanism and pharmacological effect of RN against pulmonary disorders are investigated. Human lung epithelial Beas-2B cell and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-based cell models, and a cigarette smoke (CS)-induced pulmonary impairment mice model are adopted for investigation in vitro and in vivo. RN is identified to be an Nrf2 activator, which promotes Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1 via reacting with the Cys151 cysteine residue of Keap1, and suppresses Nrf2 ubiquitination. In addition, RN is able to attenuate toxicant-stimulated oxidative stress and inflammatory response in vitro. Importantly, RN significantly relieves CS-induced oxidative insult and inflammation, and RN-induced inhibition of inflammation is related to inhibition of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) and induction of cell autophagy. In conclusion, our data indicate that RN is an activator of the Nrf2 pathway and evidently alleviates pulmonary disorders via restricting NF-κB activation and promoting autophagy. RN is a promising candidate for the therapy of pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yi Wu
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xin Hu
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Bing Zhao
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Audousset C, McGovern T, Martin JG. Role of Nrf2 in Disease: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches - Pulmonary Disease/Asthma. Front Physiol 2021; 12:727806. [PMID: 34658913 PMCID: PMC8511424 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.727806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major transcription factor involved in redox homeostasis and in the response induced by oxidative injury. Nrf2 is present in an inactive state in the cytoplasm of cells. Its activation by internal or external stimuli, such as infections or pollution, leads to the transcription of more than 500 elements through its binding to the antioxidant response element. The lungs are particularly susceptible to factors that generate oxidative stress such as infections, allergens and hyperoxia. Nrf2 has a crucial protective role against these ROS. Oxidative stress and subsequent activation of Nrf2 have been demonstrated in many human respiratory diseases affecting the airways, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or the pulmonary parenchyma such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Several compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, have been identified as Nrf2 inducers and enhance the activation of Nrf2 and expression of Nrf2-dependent genes. These inducers have proven particularly effective at reducing the severity of the oxidative stress-driven lung injury in various animal models. In humans, these compounds offer promise as potential therapeutic strategies for the management of respiratory pathologies associated with oxidative stress but there is thus far little evidence of efficacy through human trials. The purpose of this review is to summarize the involvement of Nrf2 and its inducers in ARDS, COPD, asthma and lung fibrosis in both human and in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Audousset
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Toby McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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13
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Freeborn RA, Rockwell CE. The role of Nrf2 in autoimmunity and infectious disease: Therapeutic possibilities. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 91:61-110. [PMID: 34099113 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a cytoprotective transcription factor which is involved in ameliorating oxidative stress and toxic insults. Recently, an immunomodulatory role for Nrf2 has gained appreciation as it has been shown to protect cells and hosts alike in a variety of immune and inflammatory disorders. However, Nrf2 utilizes numerous distinct pathways to elicit its immunomodulatory effects. In this review, we summarize the literature discussing the roles of Nrf2 in autoimmunity and infectious diseases with a goal of understanding the potential to therapeutically target Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Freeborn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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14
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Nrf2 Regulates Granuloma Formation and Macrophage Activation during Mycobacterium avium Infection via Mediating Nramp1 and HO-1 Expressions. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.01947-20. [PMID: 33563837 PMCID: PMC7885113 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01947-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in pulmonary infections. Among them, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common cause of pulmonary NTM disease worldwide. Nrf2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that is thought to be important in protection against intracellular pathogens. To determine the protective role of Nrf2 in the host defense against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), both wild-type and Nrf2-deficient mice were intranasally infected with MAC bacteria. Nrf2-deficient mice were highly susceptible to MAC bacteria compared with wild-type mice. There were no significant changes in the levels of oxidative stress and Th1 cytokine production between genotypes. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis showed that the expressions of Nramp1 and HO-1 were much lower in the infected lungs, and the expression of Nramp1 was especially lower in alveolar macrophages of Nrf2-deficient mice than of wild-type mice. Electron microscopy showed that many infected alveolar macrophages from Nrf2-deficient mice contained a large number of intracellular MAC bacteria with little formation of phagolysosomes, compared with those from wild-type mice. Treatment with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2, increased resistance to MAC with increased lung expression of Nramp1 and HO-1 in wild-type mice. These results indicate that Nramp1 and HO-1, regulated by Nrf2, are essential in defending against MAC infection due to the promotion of phagolysosome fusion and granuloma formation, respectively. Thus, Nrf2 is thought to be a critical determinant of host resistance to MAC infection.
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15
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Gopallawa I, Lee RJ. Targeting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in airway innate immunity. World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:30-51. [PMID: 33024516 PMCID: PMC7520643 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway innate immune system maintains the first line of defense against respiratory infections. The airway epithelium and associated immune cells protect the respiratory system from inhaled foreign organisms. These cells sense pathogens via activation of receptors like toll-like receptors and taste family 2 receptors (T2Rs) and respond by producing antimicrobials, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Coordinated regulation of fluid secretion and ciliary beating facilitates clearance of pathogens via mucociliary transport. Airway cells also secrete antimicrobial peptides and radicals to directly kill microorganisms and inactivate viruses. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) kinase pathway regulates multiple cellular targets that modulate cell survival and proliferation. Akt also regulates proteins involved in innate immune pathways. Akt phosphorylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzymes expressed in airway epithelial cells. Activation of eNOS can have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral roles. Moreover, Akt can increase the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 that protects cells from oxidative stress and may limit inflammation. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of non-cancerous functions of Akt signaling in airway innate host defense mechanisms, including an overview of several known downstream targets of Akt involved in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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16
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Chen KK, Minakuchi M, Wuputra K, Ku CC, Pan JB, Kuo KK, Lin YC, Saito S, Lin CS, Yokoyama KK. Redox control in the pathophysiology of influenza virus infection. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:214. [PMID: 32689931 PMCID: PMC7370268 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggered in response to external and internal ligands in cells and animals, redox homeostasis is transmitted via signal molecules involved in defense redox mechanisms through networks of cell proliferation, differentiation, intracellular detoxification, bacterial infection, and immune reactions. Cellular oxidation is not necessarily harmful per se, but its effects depend on the balance between the peroxidation and antioxidation cascades, which can vary according to the stimulus and serve to maintain oxygen homeostasis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during influenza virus (IV) infection have critical effects on both the virus and host cells. In this review, we outline the link between viral infection and redox control using IV infection as an example. We discuss the current state of knowledge on the molecular relationship between cellular oxidation mediated by ROS accumulation and the diversity of IV infection. We also summarize the potential anti-IV agents available currently that act by targeting redox biology/pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker-Kong Chen
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,Department of Densitory, Kaohisung University Hospital, Kaohisung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Moeko Minakuchi
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Department Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Shigeo Saito
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan ,Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology Institute, Yalta, Tochigi, 329-1471 Japan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412036.20000 0004 0531 9758Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
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17
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McCord JM, Hybertson BM, Cota-Gomez A, Geraci KP, Gao B. Nrf2 Activator PB125 ® as a Potential Therapeutic Agent against COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E518. [PMID: 32545518 PMCID: PMC7346195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates cellular redox balance and the expression of a wide array of genes involved in immunity and inflammation, including antiviral actions. Nrf2 activity declines with age, making the elderly more susceptible to oxidative stress-mediated diseases, which include type 2 diabetes, chronic inflammation, and viral infections. Published evidence suggests that Nrf2 activity may regulate important mechanisms affecting viral susceptibility and replication. We examined gene expression levels by GeneChip microarray and by RNA-seq assays. We found that the potent Nrf2-activating composition PB125® downregulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in human liver-derived HepG2 cells. ACE2 is a surface receptor and TMPRSS2 activates the spike protein for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Furthermore, in endotoxin-stimulated primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, we report the marked downregulation by PB125 of 36 genes encoding cytokines. These include IL-1-beta, IL-6, TNF-α, the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, and a group of IFN-γ-induced genes. Many of these cytokines have been specifically identified in the "cytokine storm" observed in fatal cases of COVID-19, suggesting that Nrf2 activation may significantly decrease the intensity of the storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe M. McCord
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.M.H.); (B.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.C.-G.); (K.P.G.)
| | - Brooks M. Hybertson
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.M.H.); (B.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.C.-G.); (K.P.G.)
| | - Adela Cota-Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.C.-G.); (K.P.G.)
| | - Kara P. Geraci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.C.-G.); (K.P.G.)
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.M.H.); (B.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.C.-G.); (K.P.G.)
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18
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McCord JM, Hybertson BM, Cota-Gomez A, Gao B. Nrf2 Activator PB125® as a Potential Therapeutic Agent Against COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32511372 PMCID: PMC7263501 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.16.099788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates cellular redox balance and the expression of a wide array of genes involved in immunity and inflammation, including antiviral actions. Nrf2 activity declines with age, making the elderly more susceptible to oxidative stress-mediated diseases, which include type 2 diabetes, chronic inflammation, and viral infections. Published evidence suggests that Nrf2 activity may regulate important mechanisms affecting viral susceptibility and replication. We examined gene expression levels by GeneChip microarray and by RNA-seq assays. We found that the potent Nrf2 activating composition PB125® downregulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in human liver-derived HepG2 cells. ACE2 is a surface receptor and TMPRSS2 activates the spike protein for SARS-Cov-2 entry into host cells. Furthermore, in endotoxin-stimulated primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells we report the marked downregulation by PB125 of 36 genes encoding cytokines. These include IL1-beta, IL6, TNF-α the cell adhesion molecules ICAM1, VCAM1, and E-selectin, and a group of IFN-γ-induced genes. Many of these cytokines have been specifically identified in the “cytokine storm” observed in fatal cases of COVID-19, suggesting that Nrf2 activation may significantly decrease the intensity of the storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe M McCord
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooks M Hybertson
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Adela Cota-Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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19
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Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus NSs Interacts with TRIM21 To Activate the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01684-19. [PMID: 31852783 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01684-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) dissociates from its inhibitor, Keap1, upon stress signals and subsequently induces an antioxidant response that critically controls the viral life cycle and pathogenesis. Besides intracellular Fc receptor function, tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21) E3 ligase plays an essential role in the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis pathway for redox homeostasis. Specifically, TRIM21-mediated p62 ubiquitination abrogates p62 oligomerization and sequestration activity and negatively regulates the Keap1-Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response. A number of viruses target the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response to generate an optimal environment for their life cycle. Here we report that a nonstructural protein (NSs) of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) interacts with and inhibits TRIM21 to activate the Nrf2 antioxidant signal pathway. Mass spectrometry identified TRIM21 to be a binding protein for NSs. NSs bound to the carboxyl-terminal SPRY subdomain of TRIM21, enhancing p62 stability and oligomerization. This facilitated p62-mediated Keap1 sequestration and ultimately increased Nrf2-mediated transcriptional activation of antioxidant genes, including those for heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, and CD36. Mutational analysis found that the NSs-A46 mutant, which no longer interacted with TRIM21, was unable to increase Nrf2-mediated transcriptional activation. Functionally, the NS wild type (WT), but not the NSs-A46 mutant, increased the surface expression of the CD36 scavenger receptor, resulting in an increase in phagocytosis and lipid uptake. A combination of reverse genetics and assays with Ifnar -/- mouse models revealed that while the SFTSV-A46 mutant replicated similarly to wild-type SFTSV (SFTSV-WT), it showed weaker pathogenic activity than SFTSV-WT. These data suggest that the activation of the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant response induced by the NSs-TRIM21 interaction contributes to the development of an optimal environment for the SFTSV life cycle and efficient pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Tick-borne diseases have become a growing threat to public health. SFTSV, listed by the World Health Organization as a prioritized pathogen, is an emerging phlebovirus, and fatality rates among those infected with this virus are high. Infected Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks are the major source of human SFTSV infection. In particular, the recent spread of this tick to over 12 states in the United States has increased the potential for outbreaks of this disease beyond Far East Asia. Due to the lack of therapies and vaccines against SFTSV infection, there is a pressing need to understand SFTSV pathogenesis. As the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response affects viral life cycles, a number of viruses deregulate Nrf2 pathways. Here we demonstrate that the SFTSV NSs inhibits the TRIM21 function to upregulate the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway for efficient viral pathogenesis. This study not only demonstrates the critical role of SFTSV NSs in viral pathogenesis but also suggests potential future therapeutic approaches to treat SFTSV-infected patients.
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Mihaylova VT, Kong Y, Fedorova O, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS, Pyle AM, Iwasaki A, Foxman EF. Regional Differences in Airway Epithelial Cells Reveal Tradeoff between Defense against Oxidative Stress and Defense against Rhinovirus. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3000-3007.e3. [PMID: 30208323 PMCID: PMC6190718 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections and asthma attacks, but infections are also frequently cleared from the nasal mucosa without causing symptoms. We sought to better understand host defense against rhinovirus by investigating antiviral defense in primary human nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells cultured ex vivo. Surprisingly, upon rhinovirus infection or RIG-I stimulation, nasal-derived epithelial cells exhibited much more robust antiviral responses than bronchial-derived cells. Conversely, RIG-I stimulation triggered more robust activation of the NRF2-dependent oxidative stress response in bronchial cells compared to nasal cells. NRF2 activation dampened epithelial antiviral responses, whereas NRF2 knockdown enhanced antiviral responses and was protective during rhinovirus infection. These findings demonstrate a tradeoff in epithelial defense against distinct types of airway damage, namely, viral versus oxidative, and reveal differential calibration of defense responses in cells derived from different airway microenvironments. Airway epithelial cells form the first line of defense against harmful substances that enter the airway. Mihaylova et al. show that viral RNA detection triggers both the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and the antiviral interferon response in epithelial cells and demonstrates a tradeoff between these defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valia T Mihaylova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anna Marie Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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New Insights into the Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Axis and Its Application in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3214196. [PMID: 31827672 PMCID: PMC6885770 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3214196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are one of the most common pediatric diseases in clinical practice. Their pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are thus worthy of further investigation. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling axis is a multiple organ protection chain that protects against oxidative stress injury. This signaling axis regulates anti-inflammation and antioxidation by regulating calcium ions, mitochondrial oxidative stress, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, alkaliptosis, and clockophagy. This review presents an overview of the role of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis in the pathogenesis of pediatric respiratory diseases and the latest research progress on this subject. Overall, the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis has an important clinical value in pediatric respiratory diseases, and its protective effect needs further exploration.
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Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Productive Infection Led to Inactivation of Nrf2 Signaling through Diverse Approaches. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4957878. [PMID: 31687081 PMCID: PMC6800938 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4957878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is a significant cofactor for bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), the most important inflammatory disease in cattle. BoHV-1 infection in cell cultures induces overproduction of pathogenic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the depletion of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master transcriptional factor regulating a panel of antioxidant and cellular defense genes in response to oxidative stress. In this study, we reported that the virus productive infection in MDBK cells at the later stage significantly decreased the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) proteins, the canonical downstream targets regulated by Nrf2, inhibited Nrf2 acetylation, reduced the accumulation of Nrf2 proteins in the nucleus, and relocalized nuclear Nrf2 proteins to form dot-like staining patterns in confocal microscope assay. The differential expression of Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (KEAP1) and DJ-1 proteins as well as the decreased association between KEAP1 and DJ-1 promoted Nrf2 degradation through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. These data indicated that the BoHV-1 infection may significantly suppress the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Moreover, we found that there was an association between Nrf2 and LaminA/C, H3K9ac, and H3K18ac, and the binding ratios were altered following the virus infection. Taken together, for the first time, we provided evidence showing that BoHV-1 infection inhibited the Nrf2 signaling pathway by complicated mechanisms including promoting Nrf2 degradation, relocalization of nuclear Nrf2, and inhibition of Nrf2 acetylation.
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Gunderstofte C, Iversen MB, Peri S, Thielke A, Balachandran S, Holm CK, Olagnier D. Nrf2 Negatively Regulates Type I Interferon Responses and Increases Susceptibility to Herpes Genital Infection in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2101. [PMID: 31555293 PMCID: PMC6742979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) is a leading cause of sexually transmitted infections for which no effective vaccines or prophylactic treatment currently exist. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been more recently shown to regulate inflammatory and antiviral responses. Here, we evaluated the importance of Nrf2 in the control of HSV-2 genital infection, and its role in the regulation of HSV-induced innate antiviral immunity. Comparison of antiviral gene expression profile by RNA-sequencing analysis of wild type and Nrf2-mutant (Nrf2 AY/AY ) murine macrophages showed an upregulation at the basal level of the type I interferon-associated gene network. The same basal increased antiviral profile was also observed in the spleen of Nrf2 -/- mice. Interestingly, the lack of Nrf2 in murine cells was sufficient to increase the responsiveness to HSV-derived dsDNA and protect cells from HSV-2 infection in vitro. Surprisingly, there was no indication of an alteration in STING expression in murine cells as previously reported in cells of human origin. Additionally, genetic activation of Nrf2 in Keap1 -/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts increased HSV-2 infectivity and replication. Finally, using an in vivo vaginal herpes infection model, we showed that Nrf2 controlled early innate immune responses to HSV-2 without affecting STING expression levels. Nrf2 -/- mice exhibited reduced viral replication that was associated with higher level of type I interferons in vaginal washes. Nrf2 -/- mice also displayed reduced weight loss, lower disease scores, and higher survival rates than wild type animals. Collectively, these data identify Nrf2 as a negative regulator of the interferon-driven antiviral response to HSV-2 without impairing STING mRNA and protein expression levels in murine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Gunderstofte
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Beck Iversen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Suraj Peri
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anne Thielke
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Kanstrup Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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HACE1, an E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase, Mitigates Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection-Induced Oxidative Stress by Promoting Nrf2 Activity. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01812-18. [PMID: 30787155 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01812-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is essential for both the expression of viral genes (latency) and modulation of the host antioxidant machinery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also regulated by the ubiquitously expressed HACE1 protein (HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1), which targets the Rac1 protein for proteasomal degradation, and this blocks the generation of ROS by Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidases. In this study, we examined the role of HACE1 in KSHV infection. Elevated levels of HACE1 expression were observed in de novo KSHV-infected endothelial cells, KSHV latently infected TIVE-LTC and PEL cells, and Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesion cells. The increased HACE1 expression in the infected cells was mediated by KSHV latent protein kaposin A. HACE1 knockdown resulted in high Rac1 and Nox 1 (NADPH oxidase 1) activity, increased ROS (oxidative stress), increased cell death, and decreased KSHV gene expression. Loss of HACE1 impaired KSHV infection-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K), protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), NF-κB, and Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and it reduced the expression of Nrf2 target genes responsible for balancing the oxidative stress. In the absence of HACE1, glutamine uptake increased in the cells to cope with the KSHV-induced oxidative stress. These findings reveal for the first time that HACE1 plays roles during viral infection-induced oxidative stress and demonstrate that HACE1 facilitates resistance to KSHV infection-induced oxidative stress by promoting Nrf2 activity. Our studies suggest that HACE1 could be a potential target to induce cell death in KSHV-infected cells and to manage KSHV infections.IMPORTANCE ROS play important roles in several cellular processes, and increased ROS cause several adverse effects. KSHV infection of endothelial cells induces ROS, which facilitate virus entry by amplifying the infection-induced host cell signaling cascade, which, in turn, induces the nuclear translocation of phospho-Nrf2 protein to regulate the expression of antioxidative genes and viral genes. The present study demonstrates that KSHV infection induces the E3 ligase HACE1 protein to regulate KSHV-induced oxidative stress by promoting the activation of Nrf2 and nuclear translocation. Absence of HACE1 results in increased ROS and cellular death and reduced nuclear Nrf2, antioxidant, and viral gene expression. Together, these studies suggest that HACE1 can be a potential target to induce cell death in KSHV-infected cells.
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Role of Nrf2 and Its Activators in Respiratory Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7090534. [PMID: 30728889 PMCID: PMC6341270 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7090534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major regulator of antioxidant response element- (ARE-) driven cytoprotective protein expression. The activation of Nrf2 signaling plays an essential role in preventing cells and tissues from injury induced by oxidative stress. Under the unstressed conditions, natural inhibitor of Nrf2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), traps Nrf2 in the cytoplasm and promotes the degradation of Nrf2 by the 26S proteasome. Nevertheless, stresses including highly oxidative microenvironments, impair the ability of Keap1 to target Nrf2 for ubiquitination and degradation, and induce newly synthesized Nrf2 to translocate to the nucleus to bind with ARE. Due to constant exposure to external environments, including diverse pollutants and other oxidants, the redox balance maintained by Nrf2 is fairly important to the airways. To date, researchers have discovered that Nrf2 deletion results in high susceptibility and severity of insults in various models of respiratory diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), respiratory infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. Conversely, Nrf2 activation confers protective effects on these lung disorders. In the present review, we summarize Nrf2 involvement in the pathogenesis of the above respiratory diseases that have been identified by experimental models and human studies and describe the protective effects of Nrf2 inducers on these diseases.
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26
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de Groot LES, van der Veen TA, Martinez FO, Hamann J, Lutter R, Melgert BN. Oxidative stress and macrophages: driving forces behind exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L369-L384. [PMID: 30520687 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00456.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common feature of obstructive airway diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung macrophages are key innate immune cells that can generate oxidants and are known to display aberrant polarization patterns and defective phagocytic responses in these diseases. Whether these characteristics are linked in one way or another and whether they contribute to the onset and severity of exacerbations in asthma and COPD remain poorly understood. Insight into oxidative stress, macrophages, and their interactions may be important in fully understanding acute worsening of lung disease. This review therefore highlights the current state of the art regarding the role of oxidative stress and macrophages in exacerbations of asthma and COPD. It shows that oxidative stress can attenuate macrophage function, which may result in impaired responses toward exacerbating triggers and may contribute to exaggerated inflammation in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey E S de Groot
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - T Anienke van der Veen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford , United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Sakurai H, Morishima Y, Ishii Y, Yoshida K, Nakajima M, Tsunoda Y, Hayashi SY, Kiwamoto T, Matsuno Y, Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto M, Hizawa N. Sulforaphane ameliorates steroid insensitivity through an Nrf2-dependent pathway in cigarette smoke-exposed asthmatic mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:473-485. [PMID: 30312763 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke and other environmental pollutants contributes to refractory asthma. To better understand the role of smoking in asthma, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke on allergic airway responses in mice and examined expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and its downstream factors, because Nrf2 is known to play a pivotal role in antioxidant responses. OVA-sensitized and challenged BALB/c mice were exposed to cigarette smoke and then treated with dexamethasone, sulforaphane (an activator of Nrf2), or their combination. Upon exposure to cigarette smoke, Nrf2 and associated transcripts were upregulated in response to oxidative stress, and asthmatic responses were steroid resistant. In OVA-sensitized and challenged mice exposed to cigarette smoke and treated with sulforaphane, Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses were upregulated to a greater extent, and steroid sensitivity of asthmatic responses was restored. Moreover, the expression and activity of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), a key regulator of steroid responsiveness, was reduced in mice exposed to cigarette smoke, but restored by sulforaphane treatment. No effects of sulforaphane were observed in Nrf2-deficient mice. These findings indicate that cigarette smoke induces steroid unresponsiveness in asthmatic airways, and that sulforaphane restores steroid sensitivity via upregulation of Nrf2 and enhancement of HDAC2 expression and activity. Thus, Nrf2 may serve as a potential molecular target for cigarette smoke-related refractory asthma resistant to steroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sakurai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuko Morishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yukio Ishii
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakajima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tsunoda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hayashi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takumi Kiwamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsuno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mio Kawaguchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Choe U, Yu LL, Wang TTY. The Science behind Microgreens as an Exciting New Food for the 21st Century. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11519-11530. [PMID: 30343573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are a major health problem in the United States. Accumulated data suggest that consumption of vegetables can significantly reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. Dietary guidelines for 2015-2020 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommend 1-4 cups of vegetables per day for males and 1-3 cups of vegetables per day for females, depending on their age. However, the average intake of vegetables is below the recommended levels. Microgreens are young vegetable greens. Although they are small, microgreens have delicate textures, distinctive flavors, and various nutrients. In general, microgreens contain greater amounts of nutrients and health-promoting micronutrients than their mature counterparts. Because microgreens are rich in nutrients, smaller amounts may provide similar nutritional effects compared to larger quantities of mature vegetables. However, literature on microgreens remains limited. In this Review, we discuss chemical compositions, growing conditions, and biological efficacies of microgreens. We seek to stimulate interest in further study of microgreens as a promising dietary component for potential use in diet-based disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyory Choe
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 10300 Baltimore Avenue , Beltsville , Maryland 20705 , United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 10300 Baltimore Avenue , Beltsville , Maryland 20705 , United States
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Therapeutic Modulation of Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress via the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidative Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6208067. [PMID: 30515256 PMCID: PMC6234444 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6208067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Virus-induced oxidative stress plays a critical role in the viral life cycle as well as the pathogenesis of viral diseases. In response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by a virus, a host cell activates an antioxidative defense system for its own protection. Particularly, a nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway works in a front-line for cytoprotection and detoxification. Recently, a series of studies suggested that a group of clinically relevant viruses have the capacity for positive and negative regulations of the Nrf2 pathway. This virus-induced modulation of the host antioxidative response turned out to be a crucial determinant for the progression of several viral diseases. In this review, virus-specific examples of positive and negative modulations of the Nrf2 pathway will be summarized first. Then a number of successful genetic and pharmacological manipulations of the Nrf2 pathway for suppression of the viral replication and the pathogenesis-associated oxidative damage will be discussed later. Understanding of the interplay between virus-induced oxidative stress and antioxidative host response will aid in the discovery of potential antiviral supplements for better management of viral diseases.
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Chen WC, Tseng CK, Lin CK, Wang SN, Wang WH, Hsu SH, Wu YH, Hung LC, Chen YH, Lee JC. Lucidone suppresses dengue viral replication through the induction of heme oxygenase-1. Virulence 2018; 9:588-603. [PMID: 29338543 PMCID: PMC5955471 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1421893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes life-threatening diseases such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic agent or vaccine against DENV infection; hence, there is an urgent need to discover anti-DENV agents. The potential therapeutic efficacy of lucidone was first evaluated in vivo using a DENV-infected Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) suckling mouse model by monitoring body weight, clinical score, survival rate, and viral titer. We found that lucidone effectively protected mice from DENV infection by sustaining survival rate and reducing viral titers in DENV-infected ICR suckling mice. Then, the anti-DENV activity of lucidone was confirmed by western blotting and quantitative-reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, with an EC50 value of 25 ± 3 μM. Lucidone significantly induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) production against DENV replication by inhibiting DENV NS2B/3 protease activity to induce the DENV-suppressed antiviral interferon response. The inhibitory effect of lucidone on DENV replication was attenuated by silencing of HO-1 gene expression or blocking HO-1 activity. In addition, lucidone-stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is involved in transactivation of HO-1 expression for its anti-DENV activity. Taken together, the mechanistic investigations revealed that lucidone exhibits significant anti-DENV activity in in vivo and in vitro by inducing Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression, leading to blockage of viral protease activity to induce the anti-viral interferon (IFN) response. These results suggest that lucidone is a promising candidate for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- a Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- b Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan.,c Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- d Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Shen-Nien Wang
- e Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery , Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Taiwan.,f Department of Surgery , Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- g Department of Internal Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- a Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- b Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan.,c Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chien Hung
- h Division of Infectious Diseases , Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,i School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- h Division of Infectious Diseases , Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,i School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,j Department of Biological Science and Technology , College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University , HsinChu , Taiwan.,k Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- a Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,l Department of Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,m Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,n Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,o Department of Medical Research , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Seelige R, Saddawi-Konefka R, Adams NM, Picarda G, Sun JC, Benedict CA, Bui JD. Interleukin-17D and Nrf2 mediate initial innate immune cell recruitment and restrict MCMV infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13670. [PMID: 30209334 PMCID: PMC6135835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells quickly infiltrate the site of pathogen entry and not only stave off infection but also initiate antigen presentation and promote adaptive immunity. The recruitment of innate leukocytes has been well studied in the context of extracellular bacterial and fungal infection but less during viral infections. We have recently shown that the understudied cytokine Interleukin (IL)-17D can mediate neutrophil, natural killer (NK) cell and monocyte infiltration in sterile inflammation and cancer. Herein, we show that early immune cell accumulation at the peritoneal site of infection by mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is mediated by IL-17D. Mice deficient in IL-17D or the transcription factor Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), an inducer of IL-17D, featured an early decreased number of innate immune cells at the point of viral entry and were more susceptible to MCMV infection. Interestingly, we were able to artificially induce innate leukocyte infiltration by applying the Nrf2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), which rendered mice less susceptible to MCMV infection. Our results implicate the Nrf2/IL-17D axis as a sensor of viral infection and suggest therapeutic benefit in boosting this pathway to promote innate antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Seelige
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Nicholas M Adams
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gaëlle Picarda
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chris A Benedict
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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Ramezani A, Nahad MP, Faghihloo E. The role of Nrf2 transcription factor in viral infection. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6366-6382. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ramezani
- Virology DepartmentSchool of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Hepatitis Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Mehdi Parsa Nahad
- Virology DepartmentSchool of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Ebrahim Faghihloo
- Department of MicrobiologySchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Kim W, Lee HN, Jang JH, Kim SH, Lee YH, Hahn YI, Ngo HKC, Choi Y, Joe Y, Chung HT, Chen Y, Cha YN, Surh YJ. 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-Prostaglandin J 2 Exerts Proresolving Effects Through Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2-Induced Expression of CD36 and Heme Oxygenase-1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1412-1431. [PMID: 28398824 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) has been shown to rescue cells from inflammatory insults and to participate in the resolution of acute inflammation. In this study, we investigated molecular mechanisms underlying proresolving effects of 15d-PGJ2. RESULTS 15d-PGJ2 injected into the peritoneum of mice facilitated the resolution of zymosan A-induced peritonitis. 15d-PGJ2 administration reduced the number of total leukocytes and attenuated polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ2 increased the proportion of macrophages engulfing apoptotic neutrophils, a process called efferocytosis. In addition, when the thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with 15d-PGJ2, their efferocytic activity was amplified. In another experiment, RAW264.7 murine macrophages exposed to 15d-PGJ2 conducted phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells to a greater extent than the control cells. Under these conditions, expression of CD36 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was enhanced along with increased accumulation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the nucleus. Knockdown of Nrf2 abolished 15d-PGJ2-induced expression of CD36 and HO-1, and silencing of CD36 and HO-1 attenuated 15d-PGJ2-induced efferocytosis. Moreover, peritoneal macrophages isolated from Nrf2-null mice failed to upregulate 15d-PGJ2-induced expression of CD36 and HO-1 and to mediate efferocytosis. Unlike 15d-PGJ2, its nonelectrophilic analog 9,10-dihydro-15d-PGJ2 lacking the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group could not induce CD36 expression and efferocytosis. INNOVATION 15d-PGJ2, as one of the terminal products of cyclooxygenase-2, exerts proresolving effects through induction of efferocytosis. The results of this study suggest that 15d-PGJ2 possesses a therapeutic value in the management of inflammatory disorders. CONCLUSION 15d-PGJ2 facilitates resolution of inflammation by inducing Nrf2-induced expression of CD36 and HO-1 in macrophages. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1412-1431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonki Kim
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Jang
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hwa Lee
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Hahn
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang-Kieu-Chi Ngo
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseo Choi
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan , Meta-Inflammation Basic Research Laboratory, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan , Meta-Inflammation Basic Research Laboratory, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingqing Chen
- 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan , Meta-Inflammation Basic Research Laboratory, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Nam Cha
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,5 Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Roos AB, Stampfli MR. Targeting Interleukin-17 signalling in cigarette smoke-induced lung disease: Mechanistic concepts and therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:123-131. [PMID: 28438639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that compromised lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is, at least in part, a consequence of persistent airway inflammation caused by particles and noxious gases present in cigarette smoke and indoor air pollution from burning biomass fuel. Currently, the World Health Organization estimates that 80 million people have moderate or severe COPD worldwide. While there is a global need for effective medical treatment, current therapeutic interventions have shown limited success in preventing disease pathology and progression. This is, in large part, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of COPD, and an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing inflammatory processes in individual patients. This review discusses recent discoveries related to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A, and its potential role in the pathogenesis of COPD. We propose that an intervention strategy targeting IL-17 signalling offers an exciting opportunity to mitigate inflammatory processes, and prevent the progression of tissue pathologies associated with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Roos
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden and
| | - Martin R Stampfli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health at St. Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Liu L, Hu Y, Shen YF, Wang GX, Zhu B. Evaluation on antiviral activity of coumarin derivatives against spring viraemia of carp virus in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells. Antiviral Res 2017. [PMID: 28624462 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most serious pathogens in the freshwater aquatic environment, spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) induces a high mortality rate in several cyprinid fishes. In this study, we designed and synthesized a total of 44 coumarin derivatives to evaluate the anti-SVCV activity. By comparing the inhibitory concentration at half-maximal activity (IC50), two imidazole coumarins (B4 and C2) were selected, with maximum inhibitory rates on SVCV more than 90%. Mechanistically, B4 or C2 did not affect viral adhesion and delivery from endosomes to the cytosol. Further, B4 and C2 could decline the apoptosis in SVCV-infected cells and the viral activated caspase-3, 8, 9 activities. Other results showed that SVCV induced the cytoskeletal structure to be a circumferential ring of microtubules near the nucleus, with occurring a disrupted microfilament organization. In comparison, cytoskeleton structure in drug-treated cells kept complete. In addition, the cellular microstructure in drug treatments showed no significant change; while SVCV-infected cells were seriously shrunk, and observed typical apoptotic features including cell shrinkage, volume reduction and cell blebbing. More importantly, B4 and C2 enhanced anti-oxidative enzyme gene expression and triggered the Nrf-2 pathway to keep balance of intracellular redox state. Therefore, the use of two imidazole coumarins (B4 and C2) could be a viable way of preventing and controlling SVCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu-Feng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Zhou N, Fan C, Liu S, Zhou J, Jin Y, Zheng X, Wang Q, Liu J, Yang H, Gu J, Zhou J. Cellular proteomic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 and classical swine fever virus coinfection in porcine kidney-15 cells using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-coupled LC-MS/MS. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1276-1291. [PMID: 28247913 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral coinfection or superinfection in host has caused public health concern and huge economic losses of farming industry. The influence of viral coinfection on cellular protein abundance is essential for viral pathogenesis. Based on a coinfection model for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) developed previously by our laboratory, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-coupled LC-MS/MS proteomic profiling was performed to explore the host cell responses to PCV2-CSFV coinfection. Totally, 3932 proteins were identified in three independent mass spectrometry analyses. Compared with uninfected cells, 304 proteins increased (fold change >1.2) and 198 decreased (fold change <0.833) their abundance in PCV2-infected cells (p < 0.05), 60 and 61 were more and less abundant in CSFV-infected cells, and 196 and 158 were more and less abundant, respectively in cells coinfected with PCV2 and CSFV. Representative differentially abundant proteins were validated by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bioinformatic analyses confirmed the dominant role of PCV2, and indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated oxidative stress response and apoptosis signaling pathways might be the specifical targets during PCV2-CSFV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yulan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug and Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jue Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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Zheng J, Shi Y, Xiong L, Zhang W, Li Y, Gibson PG, Simpson JL, Zhang C, Lu J, Sai J, Wang G, Wang F. The Expression of IL-6, TNF- α, and MCP-1 in Respiratory Viral Infection in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:8539294. [PMID: 28352642 PMCID: PMC5352889 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8539294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection is a common trigger for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of cytokines in AECOPD. Patients with AECOPD requiring hospitalization were recruited. Meanwhile healthy volunteers of similar age that accepted routine check-ups and showed no clinical symptoms of inflammatory diseases were also recruited. Induced sputum and serum were collected. Induced sputum of participants was processed and tested for thirteen viruses and bacteria. Forty cytokines were assayed in serum using the Quantibody Human Inflammation Array 3 (Ray Biotech, Inc.). The most common virus detected in virus positive AECOPD (VP) was influenza A (16%). No virus was found in controls. Circulating levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 were elevated in VP and coinfection subjects (p < 0.05), while the levels of 37 other cytokines showed no difference, compared with virus negative groups and controls (p > 0.05). Additionally, VP patients were less likely to have received influenza vaccination. VP patients had a systemic inflammation response involving IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 which may be due to virus-induced activation of macrophages. There are important opportunities for further investigating AECOPD mechanisms and for the development of better strategies in the management and prevention of virus-related AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Zheng
- Departments of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin university, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Departments of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin university, Changchun, China
| | - Lingxin Xiong
- Departments of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin university, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Jilin Provincial People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Shunyi District Center, Beijing, China
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodie L. Simpson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Zhang
- Departments of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin university, Changchun, China
| | - Junying Lu
- Departments of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin university, Changchun, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingying Sai
- Departments of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin university, Changchun, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Departments of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin university, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Departments of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin university, Changchun, China
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Differential expression of NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox-2) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from dengue patients. Virusdisease 2017; 28:54-60. [PMID: 28466056 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of dengue infection is not completely known. A recent study reveals the involvement of oxidative stress responsive molecules in the generation of host immune responses to dengue virus in vitro. Objective of the present study was to analyse the changes in the expression of oxidant-antioxidant genes Nox-2 (NADPH oxidase) and Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) in patients with dengue during the early phase of infection compared to other febrile illness (OFI) cases and healthy controls using Real-time qPCR assay. The study enrolled 88 dengue patients, 31 OFI cases, and 63 healthy individuals as controls. Out of 88 dengue cases, 32 were classified as severe dengue cases (SD) and remaining 56 patients as non-severe dengue (NSD). Blood samples were collected firstly at the time of admission and a second sampling was done from the available individuals (38 dengue and 13 OFI cases) at the time of defervescence. Total RNA was extracted from the Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the transcripts level of Nox-2 and Nrf2 were analysed by qPCR. On DOA, both Nox-2 and Nrf2 expression was found to be down regulated in dengue and OFI cases (P < 0.05) compared to healthy controls. Interestingly at defervescence, the transcript levels were found to be significantly increased in dengue cases unlike OFI, where no such increment was evidenced. From DOA to DOD, the study observed a signficant increase in the levels of Nox-2 transcripts (P < 0.05) both in SD and NSD cases. But a significant Nrf2 activation was not observed in SD cases as we found in NSD cases. Thus a steady and significant increase in Nox-2 transcript level in severe, non-severe and secondary dengue infected groups observed in the current study supports the earlier reports on the involvement of anti-oxidant response in dengue severity. However further studies on its protein levels and mechanistic action would decipher the exact role of these potential molecules in the disease virulence.
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Ano S, Panariti A, Allard B, O'Sullivan M, McGovern TK, Hamamoto Y, Ishii Y, Yamamoto M, Powell WS, Martin JG. Inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness after chlorine exposure are prolonged by Nrf2 deficiency in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:1-15. [PMID: 27847240 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chlorine gas (Cl2) is a potent oxidant and trigger of irritant induced asthma. We explored NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent mechanisms in the asthmatic response to Cl2, using Nrf2-deficient mice, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and sulforaphane (SFN), a phytochemical regulator of Nrf2. METHODS Airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were assessed 24 and 48h after a 5-min nose-only exposure to 100ppm Cl2 of Nrf2-deficient and wild type Balb/C mice treated with BSO or SFN. Animals were anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated (FlexiVent™) and challenged with aerosolized methacholine. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and lung tissues were harvested for assessment of gene expression. RESULTS Cl2 exposure induced a robust AHR and an intense neutrophilic inflammation that, although similar in Nrf2-deficient mice and wild-type mice at 24h after Cl2 exposure, were significantly greater at 48h post exposure in Nrf2-deficient mice. Lung GSH and mRNA for Nrf2-dependent phase II enzymes (NQO-1 and GPX2) were significantly lower in Nrf2-deficient than wild-type mice after Cl2 exposure. BSO reduced GSH levels and promoted Cl2-induced airway inflammation in wild-type mice, but not in Nrf2-deficient mice, whereas SFN suppressed Cl2-induced airway inflammation in wild-type but not in Nrf2-deficient mice. AHR was not affected by either BSO or SFN at 48h post Cl2 exposure. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2-dependent phase II enzymes play a role in the resolution of airway inflammation and AHR after Cl2 exposure. Moderate deficiency of GSH affects the magnitude of acute inflammation but not AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ano
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alice Panariti
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Allard
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Toby K McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Hamamoto
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yukio Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Wise RA, Holbrook JT, Criner G, Sethi S, Rayapudi S, Sudini KR, Sugar EA, Burke A, Thimmulappa R, Singh A, Talalay P, Fahey JW, Berenson CS, Jacobs MR, Biswal S. Lack of Effect of Oral Sulforaphane Administration on Nrf2 Expression in COPD: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163716. [PMID: 27832073 PMCID: PMC5104323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD patients have high pulmonary and systemic oxidative stress that correlates with severity of disease. Sulforaphane has been shown to induce expression of antioxidant genes via activation of a transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). METHODS This parallel, placebo-controlled, phase 2, randomized trial was conducted at three US academic medical centers. Patients who met GOLD criteria for COPD and were able to tolerate bronchoscopies were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive placebo, 25 μmoles, or 150 μmoles sulforaphane daily by mouth for four weeks. The primary outcomes were changes in Nrf2 target gene expression (NQ01, HO1, AKR1C1 and AKR1C3) in alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells. Secondary outcomes included measures of oxidative stress and airway inflammation, and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS Between July 2011 and May 2013, 89 patients were enrolled and randomized. Sulforaphane was absorbed in the patients as evident from their plasma metabolite levels. Changes in Nrf2 target gene expression relative to baseline ranged from 0.79 to 1.45 and there was no consistent pattern among the three groups; the changes were not statistically significantly different from baseline. Changes in measures of inflammation and pulmonary function tests were not different among the groups. Sulforaphane was well tolerated at both dose levels. CONCLUSION Sulforaphane administered for four weeks at doses of 25 μmoles and 150 μmoles to patients with COPD did not stimulate the expression of Nrf2 target genes or have an effect on levels of other anti-oxidants or markers of inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01335971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Wise
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Janet T. Holbrook
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gerard Criner
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- University at Buffalo, SUNY and VA WNY Healthcare system, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sobharani Rayapudi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kuladeep R. Sudini
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Sugar
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alyce Burke
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Thimmulappa
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anju Singh
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul Talalay
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jed W. Fahey
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles S. Berenson
- University at Buffalo, SUNY and VA WNY Healthcare system, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Jacobs
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Shao J, Huang J, Guo Y, Li L, Liu X, Chen X, Yuan J. Up-regulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) represses the replication of SVCV. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:474-482. [PMID: 27693327 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and failure to maintain an appropriate redox balance contribute to viral pathogenesis. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in maintaining intracellular homoeostasis and coping with invasive pathogens by coordinately activating a series of cytoprotective genes. Previous studies indicated that the transcription and expression levels of Nrf2 were up-regulated in SVCV-infected EPC cells with the unknown mechanism(s). In this study, the interactions between the Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway and SVCV replication were investigated, which demonstrated that SVCV infection induced accumulation of ROS as well as protein carbonyl groups and 8-OHdG, accompanied by the up-regulation of Nrf2 and its downstream genes. At the same time, the activation of Nrf2 with D, l-sulforaphane (SFN) and CDDO-Me could repress the replication of SVCV, and knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA could promote the replication of SVCV. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway activates a passive defensive response upon SVCV infection. The conclusions presented here suggest that targeting the Nrf2 pathway has potential for combating SVCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Shao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yana Guo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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42
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Subramaniam R, Mukherjee S, Chen H, Keshava S, Neuenschwander P, Shams H. Restoring cigarette smoke-induced impairment of efferocytosis in alveolar macrophages. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:873-83. [PMID: 26577570 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke has been associated with susceptibility to different pulmonary and airway diseases. Impaired alveolar macrophages (AMs) that are major phagocytes in the lung have been associated with patients with airway diseases and active smokers. In the current report, we show that exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke (SHS) significantly reduced efferocytosis in vivo. More importantly, delivery of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to the alveolar space restored and refurbished the efferocytosis capability of AMs. Exposure to SHS significantly reduced expression of CD16/32 on AMs, and treatment with GM-CSF not only restored but also significantly increased the expression of CD16/32 on AMs. GM-CSF treatment increased uptake and digestion/removal of apoptotic cells by AMs. The latter was attributed to increased expression of Rab5 and Rab7. Increased efferocytosis of AMs was also tested in a disease condition. AMs from GM-CSF-treated, influenza-infected, SHS-exposed mice showed significantly better efferocytosis activity, and mice had significantly less morbidity compared with phosphate-buffered saline-treated group. GM-CSF-treated mice had increased amphiregulin levels in the lungs, which in addition to efferocytosis of AMs may have attributed to their protection against influenza. These results will have great implications for developing therapeutic approaches by harnessing mucosal innate immunity to treat lung and airway diseases and protect against pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Subramaniam
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - S Mukherjee
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - H Chen
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - S Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - P Neuenschwander
- Biomedical research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - H Shams
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
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43
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Oostwoud LC, Gunasinghe P, Seow HJ, Ye JM, Selemidis S, Bozinovski S, Vlahos R. Apocynin and ebselen reduce influenza A virus-induced lung inflammation in cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20983. [PMID: 26877172 PMCID: PMC4753462 DOI: 10.1038/srep20983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are a common cause of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Oxidative stress is increased in COPD, IAV-induced lung inflammation and AECOPD. Therefore, we investigated whether targeting oxidative stress with the Nox2 oxidase inhibitors and ROS scavengers, apocynin and ebselen could ameliorate lung inflammation in a mouse model of AECOPD. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) generated from 9 cigarettes per day for 4 days. On day 5, mice were infected with 1 × 10(4.5) PFUs of the IAV Mem71 (H3N1). BALF inflammation, viral titers, superoxide production and whole lung cytokine, chemokine and protease mRNA expression were assessed 3 and 7 days post infection. IAV infection resulted in a greater increase in BALF inflammation in mice that had been exposed to CS compared to non-smoking mice. This increase in BALF inflammation in CS-exposed mice caused by IAV infection was associated with elevated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and proteases, compared to CS alone mice. Apocynin and ebselen significantly reduced the exacerbated BALF inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine, chemokine and protease expression caused by IAV infection in CS mice. Targeting oxidative stress using apocynin and ebselen reduces IAV-induced lung inflammation in CS-exposed mice and may be therapeutically exploited to alleviate AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. C. Oostwoud
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, The University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P. Gunasinghe
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H. J. Seow
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. M. Ye
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - S. Selemidis
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - S. Bozinovski
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - R. Vlahos
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Donovan C, Bourke JE, Vlahos R. Targeting the IL-33/IL-13 Axis for Respiratory Viral Infections. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:252-261. [PMID: 26833119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are highly prevalent worldwide. One of the major factors that limits the efficacy of current medication in these patients are viral infections, leading to exacerbations of symptoms and decreased quality of life. Current pharmacological strategies targeting virus-induced lung disease are problematic due to antiviral resistance and the requirement for strain-specific vaccination. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently required. In this Opinion article, we provide state-of-the-art evidence from humans and preclinical animal models implicating the interleukin (IL)-33/IL-13 axis in virus-induced lung disease. Thus, targeting the IL-33/IL-13 axis may be a feasible way to overcome the limitations of current therapy used to treat virus-induced exacerbations of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Donovan
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane E Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia.
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45
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Simon PF, McCorrister S, Hu P, Chong P, Silaghi A, Westmacott G, Coombs KM, Kobasa D. Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Novel H7N9 Influenza A Viruses Induce More Profound Proteomic Host Responses than Seasonal and Pandemic H1N1 Strains. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4511-23. [PMID: 26381135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are important human and animal pathogens with potential for causing pandemics. IAVs exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical illness in humans, from relatively mild infections by seasonal strains to acute respiratory distress syndrome during infections with some highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. In the present study, we infected A549 human cells with seasonal H1N1 (sH1N1), 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pdmH1N1), or novel H7N9 and HPAI H5N1 strains. We used multiplexed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification to measure proteomic host responses to these different strains at 1, 3, and 6 h post-infection. Our analyses revealed that both H7N9 and H5N1 strains induced more profound changes to the A549 global proteome compared to those with low-pathogenicity H1N1 virus infection, which correlates with the higher pathogenicity these strains exhibit at the organismal level. Bioinformatics analysis revealed important modulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) oxidative stress response in infection. Cellular fractionation and Western blotting suggested that the phosphorylated form of NRF2 is not imported to the nucleus in H5N1 and H7N9 virus infections. Fibronectin was also strongly inhibited in infection with H5N1 and H7N9 strains. This is the first known comparative proteomic study of the host response to H7N9, H5N1, and H1N1 viruses and the first time NRF2 is shown to be implicated in infection with highly pathogenic strains of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe François Simon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9 Canada
| | | | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | | | - Alex Silaghi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9 Canada
| | | | - Kevin M Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9 Canada.,Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4 Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9 Canada
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46
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Huang Y, Li W, Su ZY, Kong ANT. The complexity of the Nrf2 pathway: beyond the antioxidant response. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1401-13. [PMID: 26419687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signalling pathway provides living organisms an efficient and pivotal line of defensive to counteract environmental insults and endogenous stressors. Nrf2 coordinates the basal and inducible expression of antioxidant and Phase II detoxification enzymes to adapt to different stress conditions. The stability and cellular distribution of Nrf2 is tightly controlled by its inhibitory binding protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. Nrf2 signalling is also regulated by posttranslational, transcriptional, translational and epigenetic mechanisms, as well as by other protein partners, including p62, p21 and IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein 1. Many studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a promising target for preventing carcinogenesis and other chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and pulmonary injury. However, constitutive activation of Nrf2 in advanced cancer cells may confer drug resistance. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 signalling, the diverse classes of Nrf2 activators, including bioactive nutrients and other chemicals, and the cellular functions and disease relevance of Nrf2 and discuss the dual role of Nrf2 in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zheng-yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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47
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The Flavonoid Isoliquiritigenin Reduces Lung Inflammation and Mouse Morbidity during Influenza Virus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6317-27. [PMID: 26248373 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01098-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The host response to influenza virus infection is characterized by an acute lung inflammatory response in which intense inflammatory cell recruitment, hypercytokinemia, and a high level of oxidative stress are present. The sum of these events contributes to the virus-induced lung damage that leads to high a level of morbidity and mortality in susceptible infected patients. In this context, we identified compounds that can simultaneously reduce the excessive inflammatory response and the viral replication as a strategy to treat influenza virus infection. We investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential activities of isoliquiritigenin (ILG). Interestingly, we demonstrated that ILG is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication in human bronchial epithelial cells (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 24.7 μM). In addition, our results showed that this molecule inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced after the infection of cells with influenza virus. We demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of ILG in the context of influenza virus infection is dependent on the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway. Interestingly, ILG phosphate (ILG-p)-treated mice displayed decreased lung inflammation as depicted by reduced cytokine gene expression and inflammatory cell recruitment. We also demonstrated that influenza virus-specific CD8(+) effector T cell recruitment was reduced up to 60% in the lungs of mice treated with ILG-p (10 mg/kg) compared to that in saline-treated mice. Finally, we showed that administration of ILG-p reduced lung viral titers and morbidity of mice infected with the PR8/H1N1 virus.
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48
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Association of Nrf2 with airway pathogenesis: lessons learned from genetic mouse models. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1931-57. [PMID: 26194645 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a key transcription factor for antioxidant response element (ARE)-bearing genes involved in diverse host defense functions including redox balance, cell cycle, immunity, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, and carcinogenesis. Nrf2 in the airways is particularly essential as the respiratory system continuously interfaces with environmental stress. Since Nrf2 was determined to be a susceptibility gene for a model of acute lung injury, its protective capacity in the airways has been demonstrated in experimental models of human disorders using Nrf2 mutant mice which were susceptible to supplemental respiratory therapy (e.g., hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation), cigarette smoke, allergens, virus, environmental pollutants, and fibrotic agents compared to wild-type littermates. Recent studies also determined that Nrf2 is indispensable in developmental lung injury. While association studies with genetic NRF2 polymorphisms supported a protective role for murine Nrf2 in oxidative airway diseases, somatic NRF2 mutations enhanced NRF2-ARE responses, and were favorable for lung carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Bioinformatic tools have elucidated direct Nrf2 targets as well as Nrf2-interacting networks. Moreover, potent Nrf2-ARE agonists protected oxidant-induced lung phenotypes in model systems, suggesting a therapeutic or preventive intervention. Further investigations on Nrf2 should yield greater understanding of its contribution to normal and pathophysiological function in the airways.
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Sundar IK, Ahmad T, Yao H, Hwang JW, Gerloff J, Lawrence BP, Sellix MT, Rahman I. Influenza A virus-dependent remodeling of pulmonary clock function in a mouse model of COPD. Sci Rep 2015; 4:9927. [PMID: 25923474 PMCID: PMC4413879 DOI: 10.1038/srep09927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily oscillations of pulmonary function depend on the rhythmic activity of the circadian timing system. Environmental tobacco/cigarette smoke (CS) disrupts circadian clock leading to enhanced inflammatory responses. Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) increases hospitalization rates and death in susceptible individuals, including patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We hypothesized that molecular clock disruption is enhanced by IAV infection, altering cellular and lung function, leading to severity in airway disease phenotypes. C57BL/6J mice exposed to chronic CS, BMAL1 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type littermates were infected with IAV. Following infection, we measured diurnal rhythms of clock gene expression in the lung, locomotor activity, pulmonary function, inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and emphysematous responses. Chronic CS exposure combined with IAV infection altered the timing of clock gene expression and reduced locomotor activity in parallel with increased lung inflammation, disrupted rhythms of pulmonary function, and emphysema. BMAL1 KO mice infected with IAV showed pronounced detriments in behavior and survival, and increased lung inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses. This suggests that remodeling of lung clock function following IAV infection alters clock-dependent gene expression and normal rhythms of lung function, enhanced emphysematous and injurious responses. This may have implications for the pathobiology of respiratory virus-induced airway disease severity and exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K. Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine Lung Biology and Disease
Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY,
USA
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Medicine Lung Biology and Disease
Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY,
USA
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Environmental Medicine Lung Biology and Disease
Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY,
USA
| | - Jae-woong Hwang
- Department of Environmental Medicine Lung Biology and Disease
Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY,
USA
| | - Janice Gerloff
- Department of Environmental Medicine Lung Biology and Disease
Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY,
USA
| | - B. Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine Lung Biology and Disease
Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY,
USA
| | - Michael T. Sellix
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and
Metabolism, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester,
NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine Lung Biology and Disease
Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY,
USA
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50
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Vlahos R, Bozinovski S. Preclinical murine models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:265-71. [PMID: 25818750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major incurable global health burden and is the 4th leading cause of death worldwide. It is believed that an exaggerated inflammatory response to cigarette smoke causes progressive airflow limitation. This inflammation, where macrophages, neutrophils and T lymphocytes are prominent, leads to oxidative stress, emphysema, small airway fibrosis and mucus hypersecretion. Much of the disease burden and health care utilisation in COPD is associated with the management of its comorbidities and infectious (viral and bacterial) exacerbations (AECOPD). Comorbidities, defined as other chronic medical conditions, in particular skeletal muscle wasting and cardiovascular disease markedly impact on disease morbidity, progression and mortality. The mechanisms and mediators underlying COPD and its comorbidities are poorly understood and current COPD therapy is relatively ineffective. Thus, there is an obvious need for new therapies that can prevent the induction and progression of COPD and effectively treat AECOPD and comorbidities of COPD. Given that access to COPD patients can be difficult and that clinical samples often represent a "snapshot" at a particular time in the disease process, many researchers have used animal modelling systems to explore the mechanisms underlying COPD, AECOPD and comorbidities of COPD with the goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets. This review highlights the mouse models used to define the cellular, molecular and pathological consequences of cigarette smoke exposure and the recent advances in modelling infectious exacerbations and comorbidities of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Vlahos
- School of Health Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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