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Cox N, De Swaef E, Corteel M, Van Den Broeck W, Bossier P, Nauwynck HJ, Dantas-Lima JJ. Experimental Infection Models and Their Usefulness for White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Research in Shrimp. Viruses 2024; 16:813. [PMID: 38793694 PMCID: PMC11125927 DOI: 10.3390/v16050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is marked as one of the most economically devastating pathogens in shrimp aquaculture worldwide. Infection of cultured shrimp can lead to mass mortality (up to 100%). Although progress has been made, our understanding of WSSV's infection process and the virus-host-environment interaction is far from complete. This in turn hinders the development of effective mitigation strategies against WSSV. Infection models occupy a crucial first step in the research flow that tries to elucidate the infectious disease process to develop new antiviral treatments. Moreover, since the establishment of continuous shrimp cell lines is a work in progress, the development and use of standardized in vivo infection models that reflect the host-pathogen interaction in shrimp is a necessity. This review critically examines key aspects of in vivo WSSV infection model development that are often overlooked, such as standardization, (post)larval quality, inoculum type and choice of inoculation procedure, housing conditions, and shrimp welfare considerations. Furthermore, the usefulness of experimental infection models for different lines of WSSV research will be discussed with the aim to aid researchers when choosing a suitable model for their research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Cox
- IMAQUA, 9080 Lochristi, Belgium; (E.D.S.); (M.C.); (J.J.D.-L.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | | | - Mathias Corteel
- IMAQUA, 9080 Lochristi, Belgium; (E.D.S.); (M.C.); (J.J.D.-L.)
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Hans J. Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
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Lanz-Mendoza H, Gálvez D, Contreras-Garduño J. The plasticity of immune memory in invertebrates. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246158. [PMID: 38449328 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Whether specific immune protection after initial pathogen exposure (immune memory) occurs in invertebrates has long been uncertain. The absence of antibodies, B-cells and T-cells, and the short lifespans of invertebrates led to the hypothesis that immune memory does not occur in these organisms. However, research in the past two decades has supported the existence of immune memory in several invertebrate groups, including Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Nematoda, Mollusca and Arthropoda. Interestingly, some studies have demonstrated immune memory that is specific to the parasite strain. Nonetheless, other work does not provide support for immune memory in invertebrates or offers only partial support. Moreover, the expected biphasic immune response, a characteristic of adaptive immune memory in vertebrates, varies within and between invertebrate species. This variation may be attributed to the influence of biotic or abiotic factors, particularly parasites, on the outcome of immune memory. Despite its critical importance for survival, the role of phenotypic plasticity in immune memory has not been systematically examined in the past two decades. Additionally, the features of immune responses occurring in diverse environments have yet to be fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, INSP, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Dumas Gálvez
- Coiba Scientific Station, City of Knowledge, Calle Gustavo Lara, Boulevard 145B, Clayton 0843-01853, Panama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta universitaria, Avenida Simón Bolívar, 0824, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Edificio 205, Ciudad del Saber, 0816-02852, Panama
| | - Jorge Contreras-Garduño
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, UNAM, 58190 Morelia, Mexico
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Liu F, Zheng B, Zheng N, Alfaiz FA, Ali HE, Al Garalleh H, Assilzadeh H, Xia S. Smart nano generation of transgenic algae expressing white spot syndrome virus in shrimps for inner ear-oral infection treatments using the spotted hyena optimizer (SHO)-Long short-term memory algorithm. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117519. [PMID: 37972807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers a promising avenue to amplify the effectiveness and precision of using transgenic algae in managing WSSV in shrimp by possibly crafting nano-carriers for targeted therapeutic agent delivery or modifying algae cells at a molecular level. Leveraging the capabilities of nano-scale interventions, this study could explore innovative means to manipulate cellular processes, control biological interactions, and enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing undesirable impacts in aquatic environments. The White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a tail and rod form that belongs to theNimaviridaefamily. There is no workable way to manage this illness at the moment. This research proposes a new model based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Spotted Hyena Optimizer (SHO) method to control the inner ear-oral infection, utilizing transgenic algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). It is pretty tricky to modify the weight matrix in LSTM. The output will be more accurate if the weight of the neurons is exact. Histological examinations and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing were performed on the challenged shrimp every 4 h to assess the degree of white spot disease. The SHO-LSTM has shown the highest accuracy and Roc value (98.12% and 0.93, respectively) and the lowest error values (MSE = 0.182 and MAE = 0.48). The hybrid optimized model improves the overall inner ear-oral linked neurological diseases detection ratio. Additionally, with the slightest technical complexity, it effectively controls the forecast factors required to anticipate the ENT. Algal cells were found to be particularly well-suited for inner ear-oral infections, and shrimps fed a transgenic line had the best survival ratio in WSSV infection studies, with 87% of the shrimp surviving. This shows that using this line would effectively stop the spread of WSSV in shrimp populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapeutics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Faiz Abdulaziz Alfaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - H Elhosiny Ali
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hakim Al Garalleh
- Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Dahban- Jeddah 21360, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Assilzadeh
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Siwen Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Hussein HR, Chang CY, Zheng Y, Yang CY, Li LH, Lee YT, Chen JY, Liang YC, Lin CJ, Chang YC, Geo HN, Noor SM, Kiew LV, Chen FR, Chang CC. Immune-stealth VP28-conjugated heparin nanoparticles for enhanced and reversible anticoagulation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:175102. [PMID: 38262054 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad21a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Heparins are a family of sulfated linear negatively charged polysaccharides that have been widely used for their anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Additionally, it has been used for acute cerebral infarction relief as well as other pharmacological actions. However, heparin's self-aggregated macrocomplex may reduce blood circulation time and induce life-threatening thrombocytopenia (HIT) complicating the use of heparins. Nonetheless, the conjugation of heparin to immuno-stealth biomolecules may overcome these obstacles. An immunostealth recombinant viral capsid protein (VP28) was expressed and conjugated with heparin to form a novel nanoparticle (VP28-heparin). VP28-heparin was characterized and tested to determine its immunogenicity, anticoagulation properties, effects on total platelet count, and risk of inducing HIT in animal models. The synthesized VP28-heparin trimeric nanoparticle was non-immunogenic, possessed an average hydrodynamic size (8.81 ± 0.58 nm) optimal for the evasion renal filtration and reticuloendothelial system uptake (hence prolonging circulating half-life). Additionally, VP28-heparin did not induce mouse death or reduce blood platelet count when administered at a high dosein vivo(hence reducing HIT risks). The VP28-heparin nanoparticle also exhibited superior anticoagulation properties (2.2× higher prothrombin time) and comparable activated partial thromboplastin time, but longer anticoagulation period when compared to unfractionated heparin. The anticoagulative effects of the VP28-heparin can also be reversed using protamine sulfate. Thus, VP28-heparin may be an effective and safe heparin derivative for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Reda Hussein
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut branch 71524, Egypt
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yini Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chih-Yu Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and laboratory medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chaun Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ju Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui Nee Geo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10529, Taiwan
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Tong Y, Yang J, Wang L, Chi X, Zhu C, Yin R, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhao C, Jia R. Effects of dietary supplementation of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 expressing VP28 protein on survival and histopathology after WSSV infection in Macrobrachium nipponense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108865. [PMID: 37277048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp are especially susceptible to the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Oral administration of the WSSV envelop protein VP28 is a promising approach to protect shrimp against WSSV. In this study, Macrobrachium nipponense (M. nipponense) were fed for 7 days with food supplemented with Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (Ana7120) expressing VP28 and then challenged with WSSV. The survival rates of M. nipponense in three groups, including control, WSSV-challenged, and VP28-vaccinated, were subsequently determined. We also determined the WSSV content of different tissues and the tissue morphology in the absence of and after viral challenge. The survival rate of the positive control group (no vaccination and challenge, 10%) and empty vector group (fed with Ana7120 pRL-489 algae and challenged, 13.3%) was much lower than the survival rate of M. nipponense in wild type group (fed with Ana7120 and challenged, 18.9%), immunity group 1 (fed with 3.33% Ana7120 pRL-489-vp28 and challenged, 45.6%) or immunity group 2 (fed with 6.66% Ana7120 pRL-489-vp28 and challenged, 62.2%). RT-qPCR showed that WSSV content of the gill, hepatopancreas and muscle of immunity groups 1 and 2 were substantially lower than the positive control. Microscopic examination revealed that WSSV-challenged positive control exhibited large number of cell rupture, necrosis, nuclear exfoliation in gills and hepatopancreatic tissues. The gill and hepatopancreas of immunity group 1 showed partial symptoms of infection, yet the tissue was visibly healthier than that of the positive control group. No symptoms were visible in the gills and hepatopancreatic tissue of immunity group 2. The results demonstrate that the probability of M. nipponense infected by WSSV can be diminished by oral administration of cyanobacteria-expressed VP28. Such an approach could improve the disease resistance and delay the death of M. nipponense in the commercial production of this shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Tong
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaoping Chi
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chan Zhu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rong Yin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yaru Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Wssv susceptibility in the early life stages of penaeus vannamei shows relationship with bodyweight. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107912. [PMID: 36924987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) continues to cause considerable loss to shrimp farmers globally with frequent outbreaks even in specific pathogen free Peneaus vannamei. Our studies showed that the bodyweight (BW) of PL has a bearing on their susceptibility to the virus. To test this hypothesis, PL of the same age group and family were grouped according to BW (10-20, 30-40, and 50-60 mg) and challenged through immersion route with two viral doses (106 and 107 virus copies/L of water). It was observed that the PL became susceptible to WSSV at ≥50 mg BW. In the 50-60 mg PL group, the higher challenge dose shows a sharp mortality curve with 100% mortality at 10 days post immersion, while the lower dose shows a steady increase in cumulative mortality that reaches 100% on the 13th day post immersion. The study also brings out that an in vivo viral load of approximately 3.5 to 4.5×107WSSV copies/100 ng shrimp DNA results in mortality. This is the first report on the relationship between BW and WSSV susceptibility in shrimp PL. Also reported here is a quantitative assessment of WSSV infection in P. vannamei PL and an optimized challenge protocol.
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Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major cause of disease in shrimp cultures worldwide. The infection process of this large circular double-stranded DNA virus has been well studied, but its entry mechanism remains controversial. The major virion envelope protein VP28 has been implicated in oral and systemic viral infection in shrimp. However, genetic analysis of viral DNA has shown the presence of a few genes related to proteins of per os infectivity factor (PIF) complex in baculoviruses. This complex is essential for the entry of baculoviruses, large terrestrial circular DNA viruses, into the midgut epithelial cells of insect larvae. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a PIF complex exists in WSSV, the components of this complex, whether it functions as an oral infectivity complex in shrimp, and the biochemical properties that contribute to its function in a marine environment. The results revealed a WSSV PIF complex (~720 kDa) comprising at least eight proteins, four of which were not identified as PIF homologs: WSV134, VP124 (WSV216), WSSV021, and WSV136. WSV134 is suggested to be a PIF4 homolog due to predicted structural similarity and amino acid sequence identity. The WSSV PIF complex is resistant to alkali, proteolysis, and high salt, properties that are important for maintaining infectivity in aquatic environments. Oral infection can be neutralized by PIF-specific antibodies but not by VP28-specific antibodies. These results indicate that the WSSV PIF complex is critical for WSSV entry into shrimp; the complex's evolutionary significance is also discussed. IMPORTANCE White spot disease, caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is a major scourge in cultured shrimp production facilities worldwide. This disease is only effectively controlled by sanitation. Intervention strategies are urgently needed but are limited by a lack of appropriate targets. Our identification of a per os infectivity factor (PIF) complex, which is pivotal for the entry of WSSV into shrimp, could provide new targets for antibody- or dsRNA-based intervention strategies. In addition, the presence of a PIF complex with at least eight components in WSSV, which is ancestrally related to the PIF complex of invertebrate baculoviruses, suggests that this complex is structurally and functionally conserved in disparate virus taxa.
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Cui C, He L, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies targeting envelope protein VP28 of white spot syndrome virus provide protection against viral infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:508-520. [PMID: 35768048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is extremely pathogenic and causes huge economic losses in the shrimp farming industry. Neutralizing antibodies against WSSV is expected to be an effective means of preventing infection with the virus. In the present study, eight monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against VP28 were developed by immunizing BALB/c mice with WSSV-VP28 recombinant protein. Among them, three mAbs named 3B7, 2G3 and 5D2 were determined to be able to delay the mortality of WSSV-infected shrimp in vivo neutralization assay, suggesting their neutralizing ability against WSSV infection. Immunoblotting results showed that the three mAbs reacted specifically with native VP28 of WSSV, and could also recognize the virions in the gills of WSSV-infected shrimp by IFA. Furthermore, the single chain variable fragment (scFv) genes specific for WSSV-VP28 were cloned from the three hybridoma cells and expressed in Escherichia coli. After purification and refolding, three biologically active scFv recombinant proteins were all capable of recognizing the native VP28 of WSSV and delayed the mortality of WSSV-infected shrimp, indicating their neutralizing capacity against WSSV. Subsequently, the eukaryotic expression plasmids of three scFv genes were constructed and the transcriptional properties of expression vectors in shrimp were analyzed. Animal experiments also proved that the scFv eukaryotic expression plasmids were able to partially neutralize WSSV infection. Thus, the production of neutralizing mAb and recombinant scFv antibodies against WSSV has a promising therapeutic potential in prevention and treatment of white spot disease of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Cui
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liangyin He
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Zhang X, Guo M, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Transcriptomic analysis and discovery of genes involving in enhanced immune protection of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) in response to the re-infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:128-140. [PMID: 35523358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, invertebrates were thought to lack immune memory owing to a lack of acquired immune-related factors such as immunoglobulin. Nonetheless, with the in-depth consideration of invertebrate immune priming, scholars have gradually realized that the immune defenses of invertebrates are more complex than previously imagined. In the current investigation, the survival rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus re-infected Haliotis discus hannai (VV group) was significantly different from the other groups (p < 0.05), indicating that an enhanced immune response may commence after first exposure to the same strain of V. parahaemolyticus. The transcriptome profiles of hemocytes obtained 102,052 unigenes, and 27,449 of them were annotated successfully. Venn diagram analysis showed that 2832 DEGs commonly responded to the first and second immune responses. 1734 "immune response genes" and 1460 "potential immune-enhancing genes" were also identified. A comparison of both "immune response genes" and "potential immune-enhancing genes" revealed 1019 immune-enhancing regulatory genes and 281 essential immune-enhancing genes. According to the KEGG enrichment analysis results of ERGs and EEGs, classical immune-related signaling pathways, such as NF-kappa B signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and TLR signaling pathway were significantly enriched, indicating that they were all involved in the response to V. parahaemolyticus re-infection and were likely dominant in the immune enhancement process of H. discus hannai hemocytes. The intermolecular interactions generated by Cytoscape after re-infection of V. parahaemolyticus appear more intuitively to demonstrate that hemocytes regulation was not an independent process, but rather an intricate regulatory network. H. discus hannai demonstrated enhanced immunological activity after re-infection with V. parahaemolyticus, showing immune memory in hemocytes. The current study's findings have broadened the study of immune enhancement in invertebrates and laid the framework for future research into the molecular mechanism of immune enhancement in abalones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mingxing Guo
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yulong Sun
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Lanz-Mendoza H, Contreras-Garduño J. Innate immune memory in invertebrates: Concept and potential mechanisms. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104285. [PMID: 34626688 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates are the protagonists of a recent paradigm shift because they now show that vertebrates are not the only group with immune memory. This review discusses the concept of immune priming, its characteristics, and differences with trained immunity and immune enhancement. We include an update of the current status of immune priming within generations in different groups of invertebrates which now include work in 5 Phyla: Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Arthropoda. Clearly, few Phyla have been studied. We also resume and discuss the effector mechanism related to immune memory, including integrating viral elements into the genome, endoreplication, and epigenetics. The roles of other elements are incorporated, such as hemocytes, immune pathways, and metabolisms. We conclude that taking care of the experimental procedure will discern if results provide or do not support the invertebrates' immune memory and that regarding mechanisms, indeed, there are no studies on the immune memory mechanisms, this is how specificity is reached, and how and where the immune memory is stored and how is recall upon subsequent encounters. Finally, we discuss the possibility of having more than one mechanism working in different groups of invertebrates depending on the environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, INSP, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Mekata T. Strategy for understanding the biological defense mechanism involved in immune priming in kuruma shrimp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 125:104228. [PMID: 34363834 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, individuals that survive a specific infectious disease among crustaceans reportedly develop resistance to the given virulence factors. Quasi-immune response is a similar phenomenon of acquired resistance against white spot syndrome virus, also found in kuruma shrimp. This phenomenon, resembling immunological memory, is collectively called immune priming and recently attracts increasing attention. In this study, I review, along with recent findings, past attempts to immunize shrimp by administration of the pathogen itself or recombinant proteins of viral constituent factors. Moreover, I aimed at investigating the diversity of pattern recognition receptors in kuruma shrimp from the currently available information that allows for a better understanding of immune priming. This review would potentially help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune priming in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Mekata
- Pathology Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Mie, Japan.
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12
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Advances in the study of tegument protein VP26 in white spot syndrome virus. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Le Linh H, Thu NPA, Dung TTX, Van Hau N, Nghia NH, Thao DTP. Yeast cell surface displaying VP28 antigen and its potential application for shrimp farming. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6345-6354. [PMID: 34410438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
VP28 is an envelope protein of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), which has been shown in previous studies to induce a high immune response in shrimp. VP28 has been produced in some host systems such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pichia pastoris as free protein. Here we showed a new strategy of anchoring VP28 on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast surface and using the yeast cell extract combined with probiotic as an oral vaccine for shrimp farming. We have successfully constructed a recombinant yeast cell capable of expressing VP28 on the cell surface. The feeding diet combined with VP28 anchored yeast cell extract provided significant assurance to Litopenaeus vannamei, challenged by WSSV, resulting in a relative percent survival (RPS) of 87.10 ± 2.15%. Interestingly, the utilization of VP28 anchored yeast cell extract could enhance the efficiency of probiotic strains like Lactobacillus and Bacillus on shrimp farming. The results in both laboratory scales and field trials using extract of VP28 displaying Saccharomyces showed a growth-promoting effect in shrimp, assessed through average shrimp weight. Taken together, our results in this study demonstrated a new successful strategy of using yeast cell surface as a tool to produce VP28-based oral vaccine for shrimp aquaculture. KEY POINTS: • A new strategy of using VP28 antigen as anchored protein on S. cerevisiae yeast cell surface (S. cerevisiae::VP28) • The utilization of VP28 antigen and yeast as S. cerevisiae::VP28 extract enhanced potential protection of Litopenaeus vannamei against White Spot Syndrome Virus (RPS 87.10%) • The use of S. cerevisiae::VP28 extract increased efficiency of probiotic on shrimp growth-promoting effect either lab-scale or field trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Le Linh
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Pham Anh Thu
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Xuan Dung
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Hau
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hieu Nghia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi Phuong Thao
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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14
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Ramos-Carreño S, Giffard-Mena I, Zamudio-Ocadiz JN, Nuñez-Rivera A, Valencia-Yañez R, Ruiz-Garcia J, Viana MT, Cadena-Nava RD. Antiviral therapy in shrimp through plant virus VLP containing VP28 dsRNA against WSSV. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1360-1373. [PMID: 34136015 PMCID: PMC8182676 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), currently affecting cultured shrimp, causes substantial economic losses to the worldwide shrimp industry. An antiviral therapy using double-stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi) by intramuscular injection (IM) has proven the most effective shrimp protection against WSSV. However, IM treatment is still not viable for shrimp farms. The challenge is to develop an efficient oral delivery system that manages to avoid the degradation of antiviral RNA molecules. The present work demonstrates that VLPs (virus-like particles) allow efficient delivery of dsRNAi as antiviral therapy in shrimp. In particular, VLPs derived from a virus that infects plants, such as cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), in which the capsid protein (CP) encapsidates the dsRNA of 563 bp, are shown to silence the WSSV glycoprotein VP28 (dsRNAvp28). In experimental challenges in vivo, the VLPs- dsRNAvp28 protect shrimp against WSSV up to 40% by oral administration and 100% by IM. The novel research demonstrates that plant VLPs, which avoid zoonosis, can be applied to pathogen control in shrimp and also other organisms, widening the application window in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ramos-Carreño
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., México
| | - Ivone Giffard-Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., México
| | - Jose N Zamudio-Ocadiz
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Col. Pedregal Playitas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., México.,Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada - Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., México
| | - Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Col. Pedregal Playitas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., México.,Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada - Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., México
| | - Ricardo Valencia-Yañez
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., México
| | - Jaime Ruiz-Garcia
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí 78000, México
| | - Maria Teresa Viana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Colonia Playitas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., México
| | - Ruben D Cadena-Nava
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Col. Pedregal Playitas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., México
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15
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Lei H, Li S, Lu X, Ren Y. Oral administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae displaying VP28-VP24 confers protection against white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. Virus Res 2021; 302:198467. [PMID: 34062193 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the major pathogen that leads to severe mortalities in cultured shrimp worldwide. The envelope proteins VP28 and VP24 of WSSV are considered potential vaccine candidate antigens. In this study, we utilized a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) surface display system to demonstrate the feasibility of this platform for developing a vaccine candidate against WSSV. EBY100/pYD1-VP28-VP24 was generated, and the fusion protein VP28-VP24 was present on the surface of S. cerevisiae. Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei) was used as an animal model. Oral administration of EBY100/pYD1-VP28-VP24 could induce significant activities of immune-related enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenoloxidase (PO). Importantly, WSSV challenge indicated that oral administration of EBY100/pYD1-VP28-VP24 could confer 100% protection with a corresponding decrease in the viral load. The collective results strongly highlight the potential of a S. cerevisiae-based oral vaccine as an efficient control strategy for combating WSSV infection in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lei
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuangqin Li
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
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16
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NaveenKumar S, Rai P, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I. Recombinant viral proteins delivered orally through inactivated bacterial cells induce protection in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) against White Tail Disease. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:601-612. [PMID: 33210311 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
White tail disease (WTD) is a disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) with the potential to devastate the aquaculture industry. The present study aimed to explore the possible protection of M. rosenbergii against the disease by oral administration of bacterially expressed recombinant capsid proteins of MrNV and XSV. Juvenile M. rosenbergii were fed with the feed coated with inactivated bacteria encapsulated expressed recombinant viral proteins either individually or in combination for 7 days. Challenge studies using WTD causing agents were carried out after 3 (group I), 10 (group II) and 20 (group III) days post-feeding of viral proteins. Recombinant capsid protein of MrNV showed better protection when compared to other treatments with relative per cent survival of 62.5% (group I), 57.9% (group II) and 39.5% (group III). Treatment controls of groups I, II and III showed 100%, 95% and 95% mortality, respectively. The study demonstrates that oral administration of recombinant capsid proteins of MrNV and XSV provides effective protection against WTD in freshwater prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singaiah NaveenKumar
- Fisheries Research Centre, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saihat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Praveen Rai
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Mangaluru, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Mangaluru, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
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17
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Evidence For Long-Lasting Transgenerational Antiviral Immunity in Insects. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108506. [PMID: 33326778 PMCID: PMC7758158 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenerational immune priming (TGIP) allows memory-like immune responses to be transmitted from parents to offspring in many invertebrates. Despite increasing evidence for TGIP in insects, the mechanisms involved in the transfer of information remain largely unknown. Here, we show that Drosophila melanogaster and Aedes aegypti transmit antiviral immunological memory to their progeny that lasts throughout generations. We observe that TGIP, which is virus and sequence specific but RNAi independent, is initiated by a single exposure to disparate RNA viruses and also by inoculation of a fragment of viral double-stranded RNA. The progeny, which inherit a viral DNA that is only a fragment of the viral RNA used to infect the parents, display enriched expression of genes related to chromatin and DNA binding. These findings represent a demonstration of TGIP for RNA viruses in invertebrates, broadly increasing our understanding of the immune response, host genome plasticity, and antiviral memory of the germline.
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18
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Takemura K, Satoh J, Boonyakida J, Park S, Chowdhury AD, Park EY. Electrochemical detection of white spot syndrome virus with a silicone rubber disposable electrode composed of graphene quantum dots and gold nanoparticle-embedded polyaniline nanowires. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:152. [PMID: 33109213 PMCID: PMC7590724 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the enormous increment of globalization and global warming, it is expected that the number of newly evolved infectious diseases will continue to increase. To prevent damage due to these infections, the development of a diagnostic method for detecting a virus with high sensitivity in a short time is highly desired. In this study, we have developed a disposable electrode with high-sensitivity and accuracy to evaluate its performances for several target viruses. Results Conductive silicon rubber (CSR) was used to fabricate a disposable sensing matrix composed of nitrogen and sulfur-co-doped graphene quantum dots (N,S-GQDs) and a gold-polyaniline nanocomposite (AuNP-PAni). A specific anti-white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) antibody was conjugated to the surface of this nanocomposite, which was successfully applied for the detection of WSSV over a wide linear range of concentration from 1.45 × 102 to 1.45 × 105 DNA copies/ml, with a detection limit as low as 48.4 DNA copies/ml. Conclusion The engineered sensor electrode can retain the detection activity up to 5 weeks, to confirm its long-term stability, required for disposable sensing applications. This is the first demonstration of the detection of WSSV by a nanofabricated sensing electrode with high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, providing as a potential diagnostic tool to monitor WSSV in the aquaculture industry. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshin Takemura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Jun Satoh
- Division of Pathology, Department of Aquaculture Research, Fisheries Technology Institute of Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Research and Development Agency, Tamaki Field Station, 224-1 Hiruta, Tamaki, Watarai, Mie, 519-0423, Japan
| | - Jirayu Boonyakida
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Sungjo Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ankan Dutta Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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19
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Boonyakida J, Xu J, Satoh J, Nakanishi T, Mekata T, Kato T, Park EY. Antigenic properties of VP15 from white spot syndrome virus in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:152-158. [PMID: 32234560 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is known as one of the most lethal pathogenic viruses in shrimp causing massive damage to shrimp aquaculture industries. To date, no effective treatment or prevention has been found. In this study, five recombinant viral proteins VP15, VP19, VP24, VP26, and VP28 were expressed and purified in E. coli, which were employed as candidates against WSSV in Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. In vivo antiviral assay in this study newly revealed that VP15 of major nucleocapsid protein, being known as a DNA-binding protein provided the substantial protection against the viral infection when pre-injected into shrimps. Furthermore, we also verified the immunogenic effects of purified VP15 and VP19 proteins produced in a silkworm-bacmid expression system. Taken together, our study identified VP15 as an effective candidate against WSSV infection in the Kuruma shrimp. It is interesting to uncover why and how VP15 is involved in the immune memory in shrimp in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirayu Boonyakida
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Jian Xu
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Jun Satoh
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Saiki, Oita, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Nakanishi
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Toru Mekata
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Saiki, Oita, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kato
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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20
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Gholamhosseini A, Mohammadi A, Akbari S, Banaee M. Molecular, histopathologic and electron microscopic analysis of white spot syndrome virus in wild shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) in the coastal waters of Iran. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1433-1440. [PMID: 32318832 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
So far, there have been no studies on the distribution of viral white spot syndrome in wild Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) brooders at Iranian capture sites. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in wild Indian white shrimps in Iran, using PCR, histopathologic, and electron microscopic surveys. The samples were collected within two seasons (autumn and spring) and from two provinces (six capture sites), from the major hatcheries providing spawners. Eight hundred thirty-three samples were collected and analyzed first by PCR, after which the positive samples were examined using histological tests, and if inclusion bodies were observed, electron microscopy was also used. White spot syndrome virus was detected only at the capture sites in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, where the mean infection rate was significantly higher in the spring (8.7%) than in the autumn (2.03%). At the Chabahar, Pasabandar, and Govater capture sites, the mean infection rate was significantly higher (4.9%, 2.1%, and 9.2%, respectively), than in Hormozgan Province. The results showed that there was no significant difference in infection rate between the two different sizes and sexes of shrimps (P < 0.05). Phylogeny analysis revealed a close relationship between the viruses from this study and those in other Asian countries, including China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Taiwan, and South Korea. It is possible that the virus has spread across the Indian Ocean to other countries. Therefore, the spawners in this study, particularly those collected during the spring and those from capture sites in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, were found to be more susceptible to WSSV infection, and the virus might have been transmitted vertically from WSSV-infected brooders to post-larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gholamhosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sohrab Akbari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
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21
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Mondal D, Dutta S, Chakrabarty U, Mallik A, Mandal N. Development and characterization of white spot disease linked microsatellite DNA markers in Penaeus monodon, and their application to determine the population diversity, cluster and structure. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 168:107275. [PMID: 31715182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens that are introduced suddenly to natural populations can potentially cause quick changes to the genetics and diversity of the host. In the past three decades, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has caused damaging epizootics in Penaeus monodon populations. In this study, we developed WSSV resistance- or susceptibility-linked microsatellite DNA markers, and their effectiveness was validated experimentally. WSSV-resistant marker linked retroelements and genes that may have an important role in WSSV-resistance phenomena were partially identified. Allelic data of 1,694 samples from nine distinct geographic locations in India were revealed that populations from Digha and Kochi were highly dispersed, and also showed higher genetic diversity, higher population diversity, and lower prevalence of disease resistance. A very high level of gene flow was observed within all populations and a very high level of genetic variation was present within populations. Two genetically admixture population clusters were estimated in nature. WSSV-resistance has a significant link with genetic diversity, population cluster and population diversity. Microsatellite marker analysis characterized genetic divergence, diversity and structure among wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mondal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Usri Chakrabarty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajoy Mallik
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India; Department of Zoology, Dinabandhu Mahavidyalaya, Bongaon, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India
| | - Nripendranath Mandal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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22
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Brunton LA, Desbois AP, Garza M, Wieland B, Mohan CV, Häsler B, Tam CC, Le PNT, Phuong NT, Van PT, Nguyen-Viet H, Eltholth MM, Pham DK, Duc PP, Linh NT, Rich KM, Mateus ALP, Hoque MA, Ahad A, Khan MNA, Adams A, Guitian J. Identifying hotspots for antibiotic resistance emergence and selection, and elucidating pathways to human exposure: Application of a systems-thinking approach to aquaculture systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:1344-1356. [PMID: 31412468 PMCID: PMC6905156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture systems are highly complex, dynamic and interconnected systems influenced by environmental, biological, cultural, socio-economic and human behavioural factors. Intensification of aquaculture production is likely to drive indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat or prevent disease and increase productivity, often to compensate for management and husbandry deficiencies. Surveillance or monitoring of antibiotic usage (ABU) and antibiotic resistance (ABR) is often lacking or absent. Consequently, there are knowledge gaps for the risk of ABR emergence and human exposure to ABR in these systems and the wider environment. The aim of this study was to use a systems-thinking approach to map two aquaculture systems in Vietnam - striped catfish and white-leg shrimp - to identify hotspots for emergence and selection of resistance, and human exposure to antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. System mapping was conducted by stakeholders at an interdisciplinary workshop in Hanoi, Vietnam during January 2018, and the maps generated were refined until consensus. Thereafter, literature was reviewed to complement and cross-reference information and to validate the final maps. The maps and component interactions with the environment revealed the grow-out phase, where juveniles are cultured to harvest size, to be a key hotspot for emergence of ABR in both systems due to direct and indirect ABU, exposure to water contaminated with antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and duration of this stage. The pathways for human exposure to antibiotics and ABR were characterised as: occupational (on-farm and at different handling points along the value chain), through consumption (bacterial contamination and residues) and by environmental routes. By using systems thinking and mapping by stakeholders to identify hotspots we demonstrate the applicability of an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to characterising ABU in aquaculture. This work provides a foundation to quantify risks at different points, understand interactions between components, and identify stakeholders who can lead and implement change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Brunton
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Andrew P Desbois
- Institute of Aquaculture, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Maria Garza
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Barbara Häsler
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Clarence C Tam
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore.
| | - Phuc Nguyen Thien Le
- School of Biotechnology, International University - Vietnam National University HCMC, Đông Hoà, Thủ Đức, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Phuong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 street, Xuân Khánh, Ninh Kiều, Cần Thơ, Viet Nam.
| | - Phan Thi Van
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, Đình Bảng, Từ Sơn, Bắc Ninh, Viet Nam.
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Mahmoud M Eltholth
- Institute of Aquaculture, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El Guish St., Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Dang Kim Pham
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Phuc Pham Duc
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Đức Thắng, Phường Đức Thắng, Đông Ngạc, Bắc Từ Liêm, Hà Nội, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Tuong Linh
- School of Biotechnology, International University - Vietnam National University HCMC, Đông Hoà, Thủ Đức, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Karl M Rich
- International Livestock Research Institute, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Ana L P Mateus
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Javier Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
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23
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Pinaud S, Portet A, Allienne JF, Belmudes L, Saint-Beat C, Arancibia N, Galinier R, Du Pasquier L, Duval D, Gourbal B. Molecular characterisation of immunological memory following homologous or heterologous challenges in the schistosomiasis vector snail, Biomphalaria glabrata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:238-252. [PMID: 30529491 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrate immune response may be primed by a current infection in a sustained manner, leading to the failure of a secondary infection with the same pathogen. The present study focuses on the Schistosomiasis vector snail Biomphalaria glabrata, in which a specific genotype-dependent immunological memory was demonstrated as a shift from a cellular to a humoral immune response. Herein, we investigate the complex molecular bases associated with this genotype-dependant immunological memory response. We demonstrate that Biomphalaria regulates a polymorphic set of immune recognition molecules and immune effector repertoires to respond to different strains of Schistosoma parasites. These results suggest a combinatorial usage of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that distinguish different strains of parasites during the acquisition of immunological memory. Immunizations also show that snails become resistant after exposure to parasite extracts. Hemolymph transfer and a label-free proteomic analysis proved that circulating hemolymph compounds can be produced and released to more efficiently kill the newly encountered parasite of the same genetic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvain Pinaud
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Anaïs Portet
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Jean-François Allienne
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Lucid Belmudes
- CEA-Grenoble, Exploring the Dynamics of Proteomes (EDyP), F-38054, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
| | - Cécile Saint-Beat
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Nathalie Arancibia
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Richard Galinier
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Louis Du Pasquier
- University of Basel, Zoological Institute, Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology Vesalgasse 1, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - David Duval
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
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24
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Zeng Y. Cloning and Analysis of the Multiple Transcriptomes of Serine Protease Homologs in Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Immunol Invest 2019; 48:682-690. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1509870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
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25
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Ngo TTN, Senior AM, Culina A, Santos ESA, Vlak JM, Zwart MP. Quantitative analysis of the dose-response of white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1733-1744. [PMID: 30117593 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an important cause of mortality and economic losses in shrimp farming. Although WSSV-induced mortality is virus dose dependent and WSSV infection does not necessarily lead to mortality, the relationships between virus-particle dose, infection and mortality have not been analysed quantitatively. Here, we explored WSSV dose-response by a combination of experiments, modelling and meta-analysis. We performed dose-response experiments in Penaeus vannamei postlarvae, recorded host mortality and detected WSSV infection. When we fitted infection models to these data, two models-differing in whether they incorporated heterogeneous host susceptibility to the virus or not-were supported for two independent experiments. To determine the generality of these results, we reanalysed published data sets and then performed a meta-analysis. We found that WSSV dose-response kinetics is indeed variable over experiments. We could not clearly identify which specific infection model has the most support by meta-analysis, but we argue that these results also are most concordant with a model incorporating varying levels of heterogeneous host susceptibility to WSSV. We have identified suitable models for analysing WSSV dose-response, which can elucidate the most basic virus-host interactions and help to avoid underestimating WSSV infection at low virus doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T N Ngo
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 2, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, and School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antica Culina
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo S A Santos
- BECO do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Just M Vlak
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark P Zwart
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UPV, València, Spain
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Feng SY, Liang GF, Xu ZS, Li AF, Du JX, Song GN, Ren SY, Yang YL, Jiang G. Meta-analysis of antiviral protection of white spot syndrome virus vaccine to the shrimp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:260-265. [PMID: 30010021 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most serious pathogens that impacts shrimp farming around the world. A WSSV vaccine provides a significant protective benefit to the host shrimp. Although various types of vaccines against WSSV have emerged, the immune effects among them were not compared, and it remains unclear which type of vaccine has the strongest protective effect. Meanwhile, due to the lack of effective routes of administration and immunization programs, WSSV vaccines have been greatly limited in the actual shrimp farming. To answer these questions, this study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis over dozens of studies and compared all types WSSV vaccines, which include sub-unit protein vaccines, whole virus inactivated vaccines, DNA vaccines and RNA-based vaccines. The results showed that the RNA-based vaccine had the highest protection rate over the other three types of vaccines. Among the various sub-unit protein vaccines, VP26 vaccine had the best protective effects than other sub-unit protein vaccines. Moreover, this study demonstrated that vaccines expressed in eukaryotic hosts had higher protection rates than that of prokaryotic systems. Among the three immunization modes (oral administration, immersion and injection) used in monovalent protein vaccines, oral administration had the highest protection rate. In natural conditions, shrimp are mostly infected by the virus orally. These results provide a guide for exploration of a novel WSSV vaccine and help facilitate the application of WSSV vaccines in shrimp farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Gao-Feng Liang
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Zheng-Shun Xu
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Ai-Fang Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Jing-Xia Du
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Guan-Nan Song
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Shai-Yu Ren
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Yu-Lin Yang
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Guanglong Jiang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, 46202, USA; Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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27
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Chang YH, Kumar R, Ng TH, Wang HC. What vaccination studies tell us about immunological memory within the innate immune system of cultured shrimp and crayfish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:53-66. [PMID: 28279805 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of immunological memory in invertebrates is a topic that has recently attracted a lot of attention. Today, even vertebrates are known to exhibit innate immune responses that show memory-like properties, and since these responses are triggered by cells that are involved in the innate immune system, it seems that immune specificity and immune memory do not necessarily require the presence of B cells and T cells after all. This kind of immune response has been called "immune priming" or "trained immunity". In this report, we review recent observations and our current understanding of immunological memory within the innate immune system in cultured shrimp and crayfish after vaccination with live vaccine, killed vaccine and subunit vaccines. We also discuss the possible mechanisms involved in this immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tze Hann Ng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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28
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Inchara UB, Sathish RP, Shankar KM, Abhiman PB, Prakash P. Evaluation of the Sensitivity of the Flow Through Assay for detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) using a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2018; 456:54-60. [PMID: 29486144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A panel of four monoclonal antibodies (C-05, C-14, C-38 and C-56) specific to VP28 of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were evaluated individually and in cocktail to increase sensitivity of the Flow Through Assay (FTA) for detection of the virus. Recombinant VP28 and semi purified WSSV was used as antigen for evaluation. Out of the total 11 cocktails and four individual of MAbs, 2 MAb cocktails C-05 + C-56 and C-14 + C-56 exhibited highest sensitivity in the FTA. The two MAb cocktail were 100 times more sensitive than 1-step PCR and nearly equivalent to 2-step PCR for the detection of WSSV. The detection limit of WSSV by MAb cocktail increased by two fold compared to the single MAb C-05 currently being used in (FTA).
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Affiliation(s)
- U B Inchara
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries Mangalore
| | - R P Sathish
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries Mangalore
| | - K M Shankar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries Mangalore,.
| | - P B Abhiman
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries Mangalore
| | - P Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University. 20, Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
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29
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Rajkumar T, Taju G, Abdul Majeed S, Sinwan Sajid M, Santhosh Kumar S, Sivakumar S, Thamizhvanan S, Vimal S, Sahul Hameed AS. Ontogenetic changes in the expression of immune related genes in response to immunostimulants and resistance against white spot syndrome virus in Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:132-142. [PMID: 28579079 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have focused on viral and plant immunostimulants which could have beneficial effects in disease prevention and control in shrimp culture. At present, the application of the recombinant VP28 protein (r-VP28) and herbal immunostimulant has been considered as a more effective approach to prevent white spot syndrome (WSS) by enhancing the immune response in shrimp. In the present study, expression of selected immune related genes in response to r-VP28 and herbal immunostimulant mix (HIM) were separately studied qualitatively and quantitatively by RT-PCR and real time PCR, respectively during ontogenetic development from nauplius to juvenile stage in Litopenaeus vannamei. The mRNA expression level of immune related genes such as anti-lipopolysaccharides (ALF), Lysozyme, cMnSOD, Crustin, Prophenoloxidase, Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and Haemocyanin were found to be up-regulated significantly in different ontogenetic development stages of shrimp fed with r-VP28 and HIM formulated diets. Relative percent survival (RPS) was determined in shrimp fed with immunostimulants formulated diets after oral challenge with WSSV. The survival of WSSV challenged shrimp was found to be higher in immunostimulants treated groups when compared to untreated group. The results of PCR, ELISA and real time PCR revealed the absence of WSSV in WSSV-challenged shrimp after 20 days of treatment with immunostimulants. Among these immunostimulants, HIM was found to be more effective when compared to r-VP28. After a survey of literature, we are of the opinion that this might be the first report on the expression of immune genes during ontogenetic development of L. vannamei in response to immunostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rajkumar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Taju
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Abdul Majeed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sinwan Sajid
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Santhosh Kumar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sivakumar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Thamizhvanan
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vimal
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A S Sahul Hameed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India.
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30
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Lafont M, Petton B, Vergnes A, Pauletto M, Segarra A, Gourbal B, Montagnani C. Long-lasting antiviral innate immune priming in the Lophotrochozoan Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13143. [PMID: 29030632 PMCID: PMC5640609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a paradigm shift has emerged in comparative immunology. Invertebrates can no longer be considered to be devoid of specific recognition and immune memory. However, we still lack a comprehensive view of these phenomena and their molecular mechanisms across phyla, especially in terms of duration, specificity, and efficiency in a natural context. In this study, we focused on a Lophotrochozoan/virus interaction, as antiviral priming is mostly overlooked in molluscs. Juvenile Crassostrea gigas oysters experience reoccurring mass mortalities events from Ostreid herpes virus 1 with no existing therapeutic treatment. Our results showed that various nucleic acid injections can prime oysters to trigger an antiviral state ultimately protecting them against a subsequent viral infection. Focusing on poly(I:C) as elicitor, we evidenced that it protected from an environmental infection, by mitigating viral replication. That protection seemed to induce a specific antiviral response as poly(I:C) fails to protect against a pathogenic bacteria. Finally, we showed that this phenomenon was long-lasting, persisting for at least 5 months thus suggesting for the first time the existence of innate immune memory in this invertebrate species. This study strengthens the emerging hypotheses about the broad conservation of innate immune priming and memory mechanisms in Lophotrochozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lafont
- Ifremer, IHPE, UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095, Montpellier, France.,Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR6539, F-29840, Argenton-en-Landunvez, France
| | - Agnès Vergnes
- Ifremer, IHPE, UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science. University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Amélie Segarra
- Univ. Brest Occidentale, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- Ifremer, IHPE, UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095, Montpellier, France.
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31
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Sanchez-Zazueta E, Martínez-Cordero FJ, Chávez-Sánchez MC, Montoya-Rodríguez L. Quantitative risk assessment of WSSV transmission through partial harvesting and transport practices for shrimp aquaculture in Mexico. Prev Vet Med 2017; 146:27-33. [PMID: 28992925 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This quantitative risk assessment provided an analytical framework to estimate white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) transmission risks in the following different scenarios: (1) partial harvest from rearing ponds and (2) post-harvest transportation, assuming that the introduction of contaminated water with viral particles into shrimp culture ponds is the main source of viral transmission risk. Probabilities of infecting shrimp with waterborne WSSV were obtained by approaching the functional form that best fits (likelihood ratio test) published data on the dose-response relationship for WSSV orally inoculated through water into shrimp. Expert opinion defined the ranges for the following uncertain factors: (1) the concentrations of WSSV in the water spilled from the vehicles transporting the infected shrimp, (2) the total volume of these spills, and (3) the dilution into culture ponds. Multiple scenarios were analysed, starting with a viral load (VL) of 1×102mL-1 in the contaminated water spilled that reached the culture pond, whose probability of infection of an individual shrimp (Pi) was negligible (1.7×10-7). Increasing the VL to 1×104.5mL-1 and 1×107mL-1 yielded results into very low (Pi=5.3×10-5) and high risk (Pi=1.6×10-2) categories, respectively. Furthermore, different pond stocking density (SD) scenarios (20 and 30 post-larvae [PL]/m2) were evaluated, and the probability of infection of at least one out of the total number of shrimp exposed (PN) was derived; for the scenarios with a low VL (1×102mL-1), the PN remained at a negligible risk level (PN, 2.4×10-7 to 1.8×10-6). For most of the scenarios with the moderate VL (1×104.5mL-1), the PN scaled up to a low risk category (PN, 1.1×10-4 to 5.6×10-4), whereas for the scenarios with a high VL (1×107mL-1), the risk levels were high (PN, 2.3×10-2 to 3.5×10-2) or very high (PN, 1.1×10-1 to 1.6×10-1) depending on the volume of contaminated water spilled in the culture pond (VCWSCP, 4 or 20L). In the sensitivity analysis, for a SD of 30 PL/m2, it was shown that starting with a VL of 1×105mL-1 and a VCWSCP of 12L, the PN was moderate (1.05×10-3). This was the threshold for greater risks, given the increase in either the VCWSCP or VL. These findings supported recommendations to prevent WSSV spread through more controlled transportation and partial harvesting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Sanchez-Zazueta
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Economics and Foresight, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Mazatlán Unit Av. Sábalo Cerritos s/n, Estero del Yugo, A.P. 711, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, C.P. 82100, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez-Cordero
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Economics and Foresight, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Mazatlán Unit Av. Sábalo Cerritos s/n, Estero del Yugo, A.P. 711, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, C.P. 82100, Mexico
| | - María Cristina Chávez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Histology, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Mazatlán Unit Av. Sábalo Cerritos s/n, Estero del Yugo, A.P. 711, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, C.P. 82100, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Montoya-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Virology, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Mazatlán Unit Av. Sábalo Cerritos s/n, Estero del Yugo, A.P. 711, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, C.P. 82100, Mexico
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Delivery of viral recombinant VP28 protein using chitosan tripolyphosphate nanoparticles to protect the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei from white spot syndrome virus infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1131-1141. [PMID: 28951305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The VP28 gene of white spot syndrome virus was amplified by PCR using gene specific primer set and cloned into pRSET B vector to produce recombinant VP28 (r-VP28) in E. coli GJ1158. The chitosan tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS/TPP) were prepared by ionic gelation process and characterized. The purified r-VP28 protein was encapsulated by CS/TPP nanoparticles. The encapsulation efficiency of CS/TPP nanoparticles was found to be 84.8% for r-VP28 protein binding with CS/TPP nanoparticles. The in vitro release profile of encapsulated r-VP28 was determined after treating with protease and chitosanase. The different types of feed were formulated and named as normal feed with PBS, Feed A coated with crude r-VP28, Feed B with purified r-VP28 and Feed C with CS/TPP encapsulated r-VP28 (Purified). Tissue distribution and clearance of r-VP28 at different time intervals were examined in shrimp fed with different types of feed by ELISA and the results showed the presence of r-VP28 protein in different organs. Various immunological parameters were assessed in experimental shrimp. The mRNA expression of five immune-related genes was analysed by qPCR in order to investigate their response to all types of feed in shrimp. A cumulative percentage mortality was also recorded in treated shrimp challenged with WSSV.
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Recent progress in the development of white spot syndrome virus vaccines for protecting shrimp against viral infection. Arch Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Maciel-Vergara G, Ros VID. Viruses of insects reared for food and feed. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 147:60-75. [PMID: 28189501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of insects as food for humans or as feed for animals is an alternative for the increasing high demand for meat and has various environmental and social advantages over the traditional intensive production of livestock. Mass rearing of insects, under insect farming conditions or even in industrial settings, can be the key for a change in the way natural resources are utilized in order to produce meat, animal protein and a list of other valuable animal products. However, because insect mass rearing technology is relatively new, little is known about the different factors that determine the quality and yield of the production process. Obtaining such knowledge is crucial for the success of insect-based product development. One of the issues that is likely to compromise the success of insect rearing is the outbreak of insect diseases. In particular, viral diseases can be devastating for the productivity and the quality of mass rearing systems. Prevention and management of viral diseases imply the understanding of the different factors that interact in insect mass rearing. This publication provides an overview of the known viruses in insects most commonly reared for food and feed. Nowadays with large-scale sequencing techniques, new viruses are rapidly being discovered. We discuss factors affecting the emergence of viruses in mass rearing systems, along with virus transmission routes. Finally we provide an overview of the wide range of measures available to prevent and manage virus outbreaks in mass rearing systems, ranging from simple sanitation methods to highly sophisticated methods including RNAi and transgenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Maciel-Vergara
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Vera I D Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Pham KC, Tran HTT, Van Doan C, Le PH, Van Nguyen AT, Nguyen HA, Hong HA, Cutting SM, Phan TN. Protection of Penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome by continuous oral administration of a low concentration of Bacillus subtilis spores expressing the VP28 antigen. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 64:184-191. [PMID: 27992657 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Bacillus subtilis spores expressing a chimeric protein, CotB-VP28, were used as a probiotic vaccine to protect black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Oral administration of pellets coated with CotB-VP28 spores (at ≥1 × 109 CFU per g pellet) to shrimps induced immune-relating phenoloxydase activity (PO) in shrimps after 14 days of feeding (prior challenge) and at day 3 post challenge (1·26 and 1·70 fold increase respectively). A 75% protection rate was obtained by continuous feeding of the spore-coated pellets at ≥1 × 109 CFU per g for 14 days prior to WSSV challenge and during all the postchallenge period. Even when the amount of CotB-VP28 spores in feed pellets was reduced down to ≥5 × 107 CFU per g and ≥1 × 106 CFU per g, relatively high protection rates of 70 and 67·5%, respectively, were still obtained. By contrast, feeding pellets without spores (untreated group) and with naked spores (PY79 group) at ≥1 × 109 CFU per g could not protect shrimps against WSSV. These data suggest that supplementation of CotB-VP28 spores at low dose of ≥1 × 106 CFU per g could be effective as a prophylactic treatment of WSS for black tiger shrimps. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reports the protective efficacy of Bacillus subtilis CotB-VP28 spores on black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) against white spot syndrome virus infection. Oral administration of pellets coated with CotB-VP28 spores (≥1 × 109 CFU per g) conferred 75% protection after white spot syndrome virus challenge. Even after reducing CotB-VP28 spores in feed pellets to ≥1 × 106 CFU per g, 67·5% protections was still obtained. These data indicate that supplementation of CotB-VP28 spores at a low dose of ≥1 × 106 CFU per g could be effective in prophylaxis against white spot syndrome in black tiger shrimps.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-C Pham
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of New Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H T T Tran
- Faculty of Aquaculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - C Van Doan
- Southern Monitoring Center for Aquaculture Environment and Epidemic, Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - P H Le
- Southern Monitoring Center for Aquaculture Environment and Epidemic, Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - A T Van Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H A Nguyen
- ANABIO Research & Development JSC, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H A Hong
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - S M Cutting
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - T-N Phan
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Emerging Roles for Epigenetic Programming in the Control of Inflammatory Signaling Integration in Heath and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1024:63-90. [PMID: 28921465 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages and dendritic cells initiate the innate immune response to infection and injury and contribute to inflammatory signaling to maintain the homeostasis of various tissues, which includes resident macrophages for the elimination of invading microorganisms and tissue damage. Inappropriate inflammatory signaling can lead to persistent inflammation and further develop into autoimmune and inflammation-associated diseases. Inflammatory signaling pathways have been well characterized, but how these signaling pathways are converted into sustained and diverse patterns of expression of cytokines, chemokines, and other genes in response to environmental challenges is unclear. Emerging evidence suggests the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in finely tuning the outcome of the host innate immune response. An understanding of epigenetic regulation of innate immune cell identity and function will enable the identification of the mechanism between gene-specific host defenses and inflammatory disease and will also allow for exploration of the program of innate immune memory in health and disease. This information could be used to develop therapeutic agents to enhance the host response, preventing chronic inflammation through preserving tissues and signaling integrity.
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Motamedi-Sedeh F, Afsharnasab M, Heidarieh M, Tahami SM. Protection of Litopenaeus vannamei against white spot syndrome virus by electron-irradiated inactivated vaccine and prebiotic immunogen. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Pigeault R, Garnier R, Rivero A, Gandon S. Evolution of transgenerational immunity in invertebrates. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:rspb.2016.1136. [PMID: 27683366 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a decade ago, the discovery of transgenerational immunity in invertebrates shifted existing paradigms on the lack of sophistication of their immune system. Nonetheless, the prevalence of this trait and the ecological factors driving its evolution in invertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, we develop a theoretical host-parasite model and predict that long lifespan and low dispersal should promote the evolution of transgenerational immunity. We also predict that in species that produce both philopatric and dispersing individuals, it may pay to have a plastic allocation strategy with a higher transgenerational immunity investment in philopatric offspring because they are more likely to encounter locally adapted pathogens. We review all experimental studies published to date, comprising 21 invertebrate species in nine different orders, and we show that, as expected, longevity and dispersal correlate with the transfer of immunity to offspring. The validity of our prediction regarding the plasticity of investment in transgenerational immunity remains to be tested in invertebrates, but also in vertebrate species. We discuss the implications of our work for the study of the evolution of immunity, and we suggest further avenues of research to expand our knowledge of the impact of transgenerational immune protection in host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pigeault
- MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS 5290), Montpellier, France
| | - R Garnier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - A Rivero
- MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS 5290), Montpellier, France
| | - S Gandon
- CEFE (UMR CNRS 5175), Montpellier, France
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Chen Y, Cao J, Zhang X. The Role of Cytokine PF4 in the Antiviral Immune Response of Shrimp. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162954. [PMID: 27631372 PMCID: PMC5025184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral infection in vertebrates, cytokines play important roles in the host defense against the virus. However, the function of cytokines in invertebrates has not been well characterized. In this study, shrimp cytokines involved in viral infection were screened using a cytokine antibody microarray. The results showed that three cytokines, the Fas receptor (Fas), platelet factor 4 (PF4) and interleukin-22 (IL-22), were significantly upregulated in the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-challenged shrimp, suggesting that these cytokines played positive regulatory roles in the immune response of shrimp against the virus. Further experiments revealed that PF4 had positive effects on the antiviral immunity of shrimp by enhancing the shrimp phagocytic activity and inhibiting the apoptotic activity of virus-infected hemocytes. Therefore, our study presented a novel mechanism of cytokines in the innate immunity of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, The People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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40
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Green TJ, Helbig K, Speck P, Raftos DA. Primed for success: Oyster parents treated with poly(I:C) produce offspring with enhanced protection against Ostreid herpesvirus type I infection. Mol Immunol 2016; 78:113-120. [PMID: 27616590 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is farmed globally. Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) causes severe mortalities of farmed C. gigas. Management of OsHV-1 has proven difficult. Oysters treated with poly(I:C) exhibit enhanced protection (EP) against OsHV-1. This chemical treatment is highly effective, but it is not feasible to treat every oyster on a farm. To circumvent this practical limitation, previous studies on arthropods have suggested that EP can be transferred from parents to their offspring (trans-generational EP, TGEP). This suggests that the treatment of relatively few parents could be used to produce large numbers of offspring with TGEP. Here, we investigated TGEP in oysters to test whether it might be used as a cost effective management tool to control OsHV-1. We found that offspring (D-veliger larvae) produced from poly(I:C)-treated parents had double the chance of surviving exposure to OsHV-1 compared to controls. Furthermore, the larvae of poly(I:C)-treated parents contained elevated levels of mRNA encoding a key transcription factor that regulates antiviral immunity (IRF2). Poly(I:C) treatment had no effect on the survival of oyster parents. Hence, the enhanced immunity of their offspring could not be explained by genetic selection, and instead may reflect epigenetic reprogramming or maternal provisioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Green
- Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay, Mosman, NSW, Australia.
| | - Karla Helbig
- La Trobe University, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Speck
- Flinders University, Department of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David A Raftos
- Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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41
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Immune priming in arthropods: an update focusing on the red flour beetle. ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:254-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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42
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Milutinović B, Kurtz J. Immune memory in invertebrates. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:328-42. [PMID: 27402055 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for innate immune memory (or 'priming') in invertebrates has been accumulating over the last years. We here provide an in-depth review of the current state of evidence for immune memory in invertebrates, and in particular take a phylogenetic viewpoint. Invertebrates are a very heterogeneous group of animals and accordingly, evidence for the phenomenon of immune memory as well as the hypothesized molecular underpinnings differ largely for the diverse invertebrate taxa. The majority of research currently focuses on Arthropods, while evidence from many other groups of invertebrates is fragmentary or even lacking. We here concentrate on immune memory that is induced by pathogenic challenges, but also extent our view to a non-pathogenic context, i.e. allograft rejection, which can also show forms of memory and can inform us about general principles of specific self-nonself recognition. We discuss definitions of immune memory and a number of relevant aspects such as the type of antigens used, the route of exposure, and the kinetics of reactions following priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Milutinović
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Thomas A, Sudheer NS, Kiron V, Bright Singh IS, Narayanan RB. Expression profile of key immune-related genes in Penaeus monodon juveniles after oral administration of recombinant envelope protein VP28 of white spot syndrome virus. Microb Pathog 2016; 96:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Duneau D, Ebert D, Du Pasquier L. Infections by Pasteuria do not protect its natural host Daphnia magna from subsequent infections. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:120-125. [PMID: 26709232 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The existence of immunological memory in invertebrates remains a contentious topic. Exposure of Daphnia magna crustaceans to a noninfectious dose of the bacterium Pasteuria ramosa has been reported to reduce the chance of future infection upon exposure to higher doses. Using clonal hosts and parasites, we tested whether initial exposure of the host to the parasite (priming), followed by clearing of the parasite with antibiotic, protects the host from a second exposure (challenge). Our experiments included three treatments: priming and challenge with the same or with a different parasite clone, or no priming. Two independent experiments showed that both the likelihood of infection and the degree of parasite proliferation did not differ between treatments, supporting the conclusion that there is no immunological memory in this system. We discuss the possibility that previous discordant reports could result from immune or stress responses that did not fade following initial priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Duneau
- University of Basel, Zoological Institute, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Dieter Ebert
- University of Basel, Zoological Institute, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Louis Du Pasquier
- University of Basel, Zoological Institute, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Li Z, Li F, Han Y, Xu L, Yang F. VP24 Is a Chitin-Binding Protein Involved in White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection. J Virol 2016; 90:842-50. [PMID: 26512091 PMCID: PMC4702682 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02357-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oral ingestion is the major route of infection for the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). However, the mechanism by which virus particles in the digestive tract invade host cells is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that WSSV virions can bind to chitin through one of the major envelope proteins (VP24). Mutagenesis analysis indicated that amino acids (aa) 186 to 200 in the C terminus of VP24 were required for chitin binding. Moreover, the P-VP24186-200 peptide derived from the VP24 chitin binding region significantly inhibited the VP24-chitin interaction and the WSSV-chitin interaction, implying that VP24 participates in WSSV binding to chitin. Oral inoculation experiments showed that P-VP24186-200 treatment reduced the number of virus particles remaining in the digestive tract during the early stage of infection and greatly hindered WSSV proliferation in shrimp. These data indicate that binding of WSSV to chitin through the viral envelope protein VP24 is essential for WSSV per os infection and provide new ideas for preventing WSSV infection in shrimp farms. IMPORTANCE In this study, we show that WSSV can bind to chitin through the envelope protein VP24. The chitin-binding domain of VP24 maps to amino acids 186 to 200 in the C terminus. Binding of WSSV to chitin through the viral envelope protein VP24 is essential for WSSV per os infection. These findings not only extend our knowledge of WSSV infection but also provide new insights into strategies to prevent WSSV infection in shrimp farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaipeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Yali Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
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46
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Chaudhari A, Pathakota GB, Annam PK. Design and Construction of Shrimp Antiviral DNA Vaccines Expressing Long and Short Hairpins for Protection by RNA Interference. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1404:225-240. [PMID: 27076302 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines present the aquaculture industry with an effective and economically viable method of controlling viral pathogens that drastically affect productivity. Since specific immune response is rudimentary in invertebrates, the presence of RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in shrimps provides a promising new approach to vaccination. Plasmid DNA vaccines that express short or long double stranded RNA in vivo have shown protection against viral diseases. The design, construction and considerations for preparing such vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Chaudhari
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - Gireesh-Babu Pathakota
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Pavan-Kumar Annam
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, India
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47
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Brokordt KB, González RC, Farías WJ, Winkler FM. Potential Response to Selection of HSP70 as a Component of Innate Immunity in the Abalone Haliotis rufescens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141959. [PMID: 26529324 PMCID: PMC4631488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing components of the immune system may reflect disease resistance. In some invertebrates, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are immune effectors and have been described as potent activators of the innate immune response. Several diseases have become a threat to abalone farming worldwide; therefore, increasing disease resistance is considered to be a long-term goal for breeding programs. A trait will respond to selection only if it is determined partially by additive genetic variation. The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability (h2) and the additive genetic coefficient of variation (CVA) of HSP70 as a component of innate immunity of the abalone Haliotis rufescens, in order to assess its potential response to selection. These genetic components were estimated for the variations in the intracellular (in haemocytes) and extracellular (serum) protein levels of HSP70 in response to an immunostimulant agent in 60 full-sib families of H. rufescens. Levels of HSP70 were measured twice in the same individuals, first when they were young and again when they were pre-harvest adults, to estimate the repeatability (R), the h2 and the potential response to selection of these traits at these life stages. High HSP70 levels were observed in abalones subjected to immunostimulation in both the intracellular and extracellular haemolymph fractions. This is the first time that changes in serum levels of HSP70 have been reported in response to an immune challenge in molluscs. HSP70 levels in both fractions and at both ages showed low h2 and R, with values that were not significantly different from zero. However, HSP70 induced levels had a CVA of 13.3–16.2% in young adults and of 2.7–8.1% in pre-harvest adults. Thus, despite its low h2, HSP70 synthesis in response to an immune challenge in red abalone has the potential to evolve through selection because of its large phenotypic variation and the presence of additive genetic variance, especially in young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina B. Brokordt
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Roxana C. González
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - William J. Farías
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Federico M. Winkler
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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48
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Contreras-Garduño J, Rodríguez MC, Hernández-Martínez S, Martínez-Barnetche J, Alvarado-Delgado A, Izquierdo J, Herrera-Ortiz A, Moreno-García M, Velazquez-Meza ME, Valverde V, Argotte-Ramos R, Rodríguez MH, Lanz-Mendoza H. Plasmodium berghei induced priming in Anopheles albimanus independently of bacterial co-infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 52:172-181. [PMID: 26004500 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Priming in invertebrates is the acquired capacity to better combat a pathogen due to a previous exposure to sub-lethal doses of the same organism. It is proposed to be functionally analogous to immune memory in vertebrates. Previous studies with Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes provide evidence that the inhibitory response to a second challenge by the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei resulted from a sustained activation of hemocytes by midgut bacteria. These bacteria probably accessed the hemolymph during a first aborted infection through lesions produced by parasites invading the midgut. Since the mosquito immune responses to midgut bacteria and Plasmodium overlap, it is difficult to determine the priming responses of each. We herein document priming induced in the aseptic An. albimanus midgut by P. berghei, probably independent of the immune response induced by midgut bacteria. This idea is further evidenced by experiments with Pbs 25-28 knock out parasites (having an impaired capacity for invading the mosquito midgut) and dead ookinetes. Priming protection against a homologous challenge with P. berghei lasted up to 12 days. There was greater incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into midgut cell nuclei (indicative of DNA synthesis without mitosis) and increased transcription of hnt (a gene required for the endocycle of midgut cells) in primed versus unprimed mosquitoes, suggesting that endoreplication was the underlying mechanism of priming. Moreover, the transcription of hnt and antimicrobial peptides related to an anti-Plasmodium response (attacin, cecropin and gambicin) was enhanced in a biphasic rather than sustained response after priming An. albimanus with P. berghei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Contreras-Garduño
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Noria Alta, 36050 Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - María Carmen Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Salvador Hernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesús Martínez-Barnetche
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alvarado-Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Javier Izquierdo
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Antonia Herrera-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Miguel Moreno-García
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Velazquez-Meza
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Veronica Valverde
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rocio Argotte-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario Henry Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Chakrabarty U, Dutta S, Mallik A, Mondal D, Mandal N. Identification and characterisation of microsatellite DNA markers in order to recognise the WSSV susceptible populations of marine giant black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Vet Res 2015; 46:110. [PMID: 26407974 PMCID: PMC4582847 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot disease (WSD) which is caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) creates severe epizootics in captured and cultured black tiger shrimp, resulting a huge loss in the economic output of the aquaculture industry worldwide. Performing selective breeding using DNA markers would prove to be a potential cost effective strategy for long term disease control in shrimps. In the present investigation, microsatellite DNA fingerprints were compared between naturally occurring WSSV resistant and susceptible populations of Penaeus monodon. After PCR with a set of shrimp specific primers three reproducible DNA fragments of varying sizes were found, among which 442 bp and 236 bp fragments were present in considerably higher frequencies in the WSSV susceptible shrimp population (p ≤ 0.0001). After WSSV challenge experiment the copy no. of WSSV was determined using real-time PCR, where it was found to be almost 4 × 10(3) fold higher in WSSV susceptible shrimps than in the resistant ones. Thus, these microsatellite DNA markers will be useful to distinguish between WSSV susceptible and resistant brood stocks of P. monodon. Sequencing studies revealed that these DNA markers were novel in P. monodon. Highest WSSV resistance using these DNA markers, was observed in the shrimp populations of Andaman Island and Chennai among the different coastal areas of India, suggesting these places as safe for specific pathogen resistant brood stock shrimp collection. This study will be a very effective platform towards understanding the molecular pathogenesis of WSD for generation of disease free shrimp aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usri Chakrabarty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Sourav Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Ajoy Mallik
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Debabrata Mondal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Nripendranath Mandal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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He S, Song L, Qian Z, Hou F, Liu Y, Wang X, Peng Z, Sun C, Liu X. Molecular characterization of LvAV in response to white spot syndrome virus infection in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 51:48-55. [PMID: 25735872 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei is the most important farmed shrimp species globally, but its production is affected by several factors, including infectious disease. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), in particular, causes significant shrimp losses. To understand the shrimp's immune response against WSSV, we cloned LvAV from L. vannamei and analyzed its expression pattern in different tissues, in addition to its expression following infection. We employed dsRNA and recombinant (r)LvAV to explore the potential role of LvAV in shrimp immunity when infected with WSSV. We find that LvAV is a C-type Lectin composed of 176 amino acids with a signal peptide and a specific C-type Lectin-type domain (CTLD). It shares 81% amino acid similarity with PmAV, an antiviral-like C-type Lectin from Penaeus monodom, and it is highly expressed in the hepatopancreas. Its expression is affected by infection with both WSSV and V. parahaemolyticus. Significantly, injection with rLvAV slowed WSSV replication, while injection with LvAV dsRNA initially led to enhanced virus propagation. Surprisingly, LvAV dsRNA subsequently led to a dramatic decrease in viral load in the later stages of infection, suggesting that LvAV may be subverted by WSSV to enhance viral replication or immune avoidance. Our results indicate that LvAV plays an important, but potentially complex role in the Pacific white shrimp's immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Politics Teaching Office, Military Economics Academy of Airforce, Wuhan 430035, China
| | - Zhaoying Qian
- School of Resource & Environmental Management, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Fujun Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xianzong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhangming Peng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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