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Shiga T, Kono M, Murakami D, Sakatani H, Ogura K, Hotomi M. Traditional Japanese herbal medicine Hochuekkito protects development of sepsis after nasal colonization in mice. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:1120-1127. [PMID: 38677389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Streptococcus pneumoniae, a commensal in the nasopharynx, can cause invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs). To prevent the aggravation of IPDs, it is important to enhance host immune defense against S. pneumoniae. Hochuekkito (HET) is expected to have an immunostimulatory effect against infections. METHODS HET was administrated by gavage to adult BALB/cA mice before and after intranasal inoculation of S. pneumoniae. We evaluated the effect of HET on pneumococcal nasal colonization and subsequent development of lethal pneumococcal infections. RESULTS No effect on nasal colonization was observed, but HET significantly reduced bacterial count in the blood, decreased the incidence of bacteremia, and improved survival. HET also reduced nasal tissue damage 3 days after intranasal infection. Neutrophils from HET-treated mice showed significantly higher bactericidal activity against S. pneumoniae in the presence of the serum from the HET group compared with from the control group. CONCLUSIONS The non-specific immunostimulatory effect of HET is suggested by this study to be effective in preventing the progression in IPDs and provided insights into novel strategy in the post-pneumococcal vaccine era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shiga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1 Wakayama-shi, 641-8509, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1 Wakayama-shi, 641-8509, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1 Wakayama-shi, 641-8509, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakatani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1 Wakayama-shi, 641-8509, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ogura
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, 300-1192, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Muneki Hotomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1 Wakayama-shi, 641-8509, Wakayama, Japan.
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2
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Xu J, Ma S, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Huang L, Xu H, Suleiman IM, Li P, Wang Z, Xie J. Mycobacterium marinum MMAR_0267-regulated copper utilization facilitates bacterial escape from phagolysosome. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1180. [PMID: 39300168 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The host limits Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by enriching copper in high concentrations. This research investigates how Mtb escapes copper stress. The membrane protein encoded by Mtb Rv0102, when its homolog in M. smegmatis (MSMEG_4702) was knocked out, resulted in a fourfold decrease in intracellular copper levels and enhanced tolerance to elevated extracellular copper concentrations. Similarly, knockout mutants of its homolog in M. marinum (MMAR_0267) showed increased virulence in zebrafish and higher bacterial load within macrophages. In THP-1 cells infected with MMAR_0267 deletion mutants, the intracellular survival of these mutants increased, along with reduced THP-1 cell apoptosis. Deficiency in copper down-regulated the transcriptional level of the virulence factor CFP-10 in M. marinum, suppressed cytosolic signaling via the macrophage STING pathway, leading to decreased production of IFN-β and reduced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, these findings highlight the significant impact of copper on the survival and reproduction of mycobacteria, underscoring the importance of studying mycobacterial adaptation mechanisms in copper-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shaying Ma
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing the Fourth Hospital, Jiankang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing the Fourth Hospital, Jiankang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lingxi Huang
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing the Fourth Hospital, Jiankang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hongxiang Xu
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing the Fourth Hospital, Jiankang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ismail Mohamed Suleiman
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing the Fourth Hospital, Jiankang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Peibo Li
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jianping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Chan JM, Ramos-Sevillano E, Betts M, Wilson HU, Weight CM, Houhou-Ousalah A, Pollara G, Brown JS, Heyderman RS. Bacterial surface lipoproteins mediate epithelial microinvasion by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0044723. [PMID: 38629841 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00447-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common colonizer of the upper respiratory tract, invades nasopharyngeal epithelial cells without causing disease in healthy participants of controlled human infection studies. We hypothesized that surface expression of pneumococcal lipoproteins, recognized by the innate immune receptor TLR2, mediates epithelial microinvasion. Mutation of lgt in serotype 4 (TIGR4) and serotype 6B (BHN418) pneumococcal strains abolishes the ability of the mutants to activate TLR2 signaling. Loss of lgt also led to the concomitant decrease in interferon signaling triggered by the bacterium. However, only BHN418 lgt::cm but not TIGR4 lgt::cm was significantly attenuated in epithelial adherence and microinvasion compared to their respective wild-type strains. To test the hypothesis that differential lipoprotein repertoires in TIGR4 and BHN418 lead to the intraspecies variation in epithelial microinvasion, we employed a motif-based genome analysis and identified an additional 525 a.a. lipoprotein (pneumococcal accessory lipoprotein A; palA) encoded by BHN418 that is absent in TIGR4. The gene encoding palA sits within a putative genetic island present in ~10% of global pneumococcal isolates. While palA was enriched in the carriage and otitis media pneumococcal strains, neither mutation nor overexpression of the gene encoding this lipoprotein significantly changed microinvasion patterns. In conclusion, mutation of lgt attenuates epithelial inflammatory responses during pneumococcal-epithelial interactions, with intraspecies variation in the effect on microinvasion. Differential lipoprotein repertoires encoded by the different strains do not explain these differences in microinvasion. Rather, we postulate that post-translational modifications of lipoproteins may account for the differences in microinvasion.IMPORTANCEStreptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is an important mucosal pathogen, estimated to cause over 500,000 deaths annually. Nasopharyngeal colonization is considered a necessary prerequisite for disease, yet many people are transiently and asymptomatically colonized by pneumococci without becoming unwell. It is therefore important to better understand how the colonization process is controlled at the epithelial surface. Controlled human infection studies revealed the presence of pneumococci within the epithelium of healthy volunteers (microinvasion). In this study, we focused on the regulation of epithelial microinvasion by pneumococcal lipoproteins. We found that pneumococcal lipoproteins induce epithelial inflammation but that differing lipoprotein repertoires do not significantly impact the magnitude of microinvasion. Targeting mucosal innate immunity and epithelial microinvasion alongside the induction of an adaptive immune response may be effective in preventing pneumococcal colonization and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mun Chan
- Research Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Ramos-Sevillano
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Modupeh Betts
- Research Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly U Wilson
- Research Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline M Weight
- Research Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ambrine Houhou-Ousalah
- Research Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Pollara
- Research Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S Brown
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Research Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Ardanuy J, Scanlon KM, Skerry C, Carbonetti NH. DNA-Dependent Interferon Induction and Lung Inflammation in Bordetella pertussis Infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:478-486. [PMID: 37651198 PMCID: PMC10599430 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, is a resurgent respiratory disease but the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are poorly understood. We recently showed the importance of type I and type III interferon (IFN) induction and signaling for the development of lung inflammation in B. pertussis-infected mouse models. Classically, these IFNs are induced by signaling through a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on host cells. Here, we found that the PRR signaling adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRIF contribute to IFN induction and lung inflammatory pathology during B. pertussis infection. However, the PRRs Toll-like receptors (TLR) 3 and TLR4, which signal through TRIF and MyD88, respectively, played no role in IFN induction. Instead, the DNA-sensing PRRs, TLR9 and STING, were important for induction of type I/III IFN and promotion of inflammatory pathology, indicating that DNA is a major inducer of lung IFN responses in B. pertussis infection. These results increase our understanding of this host-pathogen interaction and identify potential targets for host-directed therapies to reduce B. pertussis-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Ardanuy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen M. Scanlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ciaran Skerry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Carbonetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Zhu Z, Johnson RL, Zhang Z, Herring LE, Jiang G, Damania B, James LI, Liu P. Development of VHL-recruiting STING PROTACs that suppress innate immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:149. [PMID: 37183204 PMCID: PMC11072333 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
STING acts as a cytosolic nucleotide sensor to trigger host defense upon viral or bacterial infection. While STING hyperactivation can exert anti-tumor effects by increasing T cell filtrates, in other contexts hyperactivation of STING can contribute to autoimmune and neuroinflammatory diseases. Several STING targeting agonists and a smaller subset of antagonists have been developed, yet STING targeted degraders, or PROTACs, remain largely underexplored. Here, we report a series of STING-agonist derived PROTACs that promote STING degradation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. We show that our STING PROTACs activate STING and target activated/phospho-STING for degradation. Locking STING on the endoplasmic reticulum via site-directed mutagenesis disables STING translocation to the proteasome and resultingly blocks STING degradation. We also demonstrate that PROTAC treatment blocks downstream innate immune signaling events and attenuates the anti-viral response. Interestingly, we find that VHL acts as a bona fide E3 ligase for STING in RCC; thus, VHL-recruiting STING PROTACs further promote VHL-dependent STING degradation. Our study reveals the design and biological assessment of VHL-recruiting agonist-derived STING PROTACs, as well as demonstrates an example of hijacking a physiological E3 ligase to enhance target protein degradation via distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuan Zhu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rebecca L Johnson
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Guochun Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- UNC HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lindsey I James
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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6
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Zhang S, Zheng R, Pan Y, Sun H. Potential Therapeutic Value of the STING Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:3127. [PMID: 37049889 PMCID: PMC10096477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a critical protein in the activation of the immune system in response to DNA. It can participate the inflammatory response process by modulating the inflammation-preferred translation program through the STING-PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eIF2α pathway or by inducing the secretion of type I interferons (IFNs) and a variety of proinflammatory factors through the recruitment of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) or the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Based on the structure, location, function, genotype, and regulatory mechanism of STING, this review summarizes the potential value of STING inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing 401135, China
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7
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de Moura Rodrigues D, Lacerda-Queiroz N, Couillin I, Riteau N. STING Targeting in Lung Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:3483. [PMID: 36359882 PMCID: PMC9657237 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway displays important functions in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity following the detection of microbial and host-derived DNA. Here, we briefly summarize biological functions of STING and review recent literature highlighting its important contribution in the context of respiratory diseases. Over the last years, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of STING activation, which has favored the development of STING agonists or antagonists with potential therapeutic benefits. Antagonists might alleviate STING-associated chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of STING displays strong antiviral properties, as recently shown in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. STING agonists also elicit potent stimulatory activities when used as an adjuvant promoting antitumor responses and vaccines efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian de Moura Rodrigues
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Laboratory, University of Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7355, 45100 Orleans, France
| | | | - Isabelle Couillin
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Laboratory, University of Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7355, 45100 Orleans, France
| | - Nicolas Riteau
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Laboratory, University of Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7355, 45100 Orleans, France
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8
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Periselneris J, Turner CT, Ercoli G, Szylar G, Weight CM, Thurston T, Whelan M, Tomlinson G, Noursadeghi M, Brown J. Pneumolysin suppresses the initial macrophage pro-inflammatory response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Immunology 2022; 167:413-427. [PMID: 35835695 PMCID: PMC10497322 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Published data for the Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factor Pneumolysin (Ply) show contradictory effects on the host inflammatory response to infection. Ply has been shown to activate the inflammasome, but also can bind to MRC-1 resulting in suppression of dendritic cell inflammatory responses. We have used an in vitro infection model of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and a mouse model of pneumonia to clarify whether pro- or anti-inflammatory effects dominate the effects of Ply on the initial macrophage inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae, and the consequences during early lung infection. We found that infection with S. pneumoniae expressing Ply suppressed tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 production by MDMs compared to cells infected with ply-deficient S. pneumoniae. This effect was independent of bacterial effects on cell death. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated S. pneumoniae expressing Ply caused a qualitatively similar but quantitatively lower MDM transcriptional response to S. pneumoniae compared to ply-deficient S. pneumoniae, with reduced expression of TNF and type I IFN inducible genes. Reduction of the MDM inflammatory response was prevented by inhibition of SOCS1. In the early lung infection mouse model, the TNF response to ply-deficient S. pneumoniae was enhanced and bacterial clearance increased compared to infection with wild-type S. pneumoniae. Overall, these data show Ply inhibits the initial macrophage inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae, probably mediated through SOCS1, and this was associated with improved immune evasion during early lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimstan Periselneris
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of MedicineUniversity College Medical SchoolLondonUK
| | | | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of MedicineUniversity College Medical SchoolLondonUK
| | - Gabriella Szylar
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of MedicineUniversity College Medical SchoolLondonUK
| | | | - Teresa Thurston
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and InfectionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew Whelan
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Jeremy Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of MedicineUniversity College Medical SchoolLondonUK
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9
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Hagan RS, Gomez JC, Torres-Castillo J, Martin JR, Doerschuk CM. TBK1 Is Required for Host Defense Functions Distinct from Type I IFN Expression and Myeloid Cell Recruitment in Murine Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:671-681. [PMID: 35358404 PMCID: PMC9163639 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0311oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia induces the rapid recruitment and activation of neutrophils and macrophages into the lung, and these cells contribute to bacterial clearance and other defense functions. TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) performs many functions, including activation of the type I IFN pathway and regulation of autophagy and mitophagy, but its contribution to antibacterial defenses in the lung is unclear. We previously showed that lung neutrophils upregulate mRNAs for TBK1 and its accessory proteins during Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, despite low or absent expression of type I IFN in these cells. We hypothesized that TBK1 performs key antibacterial functions in pneumonia apart from type I IFN expression. Using TBK1 null mice, we show that TBK1 contributes to antibacterial defenses and promotes bacterial clearance and survival. TBK1 null mice express lower concentrations of many cytokines in the infected lung. Conditional deletion of TBK1 with LysMCre results in TBK1 deletion from macrophages but not neutrophils. LysMCre TBK1 mice have no defect in cytokine expression, implicating a nonmacrophage cell type as a key TBK1-dependent cell. TBK1 null neutrophils have no defect in recruitment to the infected lung but show impaired activation of p65/NF-κB and STAT1 and lower expression of reactive oxygen species, IFNγ, and IL12p40. TLR1/2 and 4 agonists each induce phosphorylation of TBK1 in neutrophils. Surprisingly, neutrophil TBK1 activation in vivo does not require the adaptor STING. Thus, TBK1 is a critical component of STING-independent antibacterial responses in the lung, and TBK1 is necessary for multiple neutrophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Hagan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | - John C. Gomez
- Marsico Lung Institute, and
- Center for Airways Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jose Torres-Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute, and
| | - Jessica R. Martin
- Marsico Lung Institute, and
- Center for Airways Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Claire M. Doerschuk
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Marsico Lung Institute, and
- Center for Airways Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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10
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Tupik JD, Markov Madanick JW, Ivester HM, Allen IC. Detecting DNA: An Overview of DNA Recognition by Inflammasomes and Protection against Bacterial Respiratory Infections. Cells 2022; 11:1681. [PMID: 35626718 PMCID: PMC9139316 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a key role in modulating host immune defense during bacterial disease. Upon sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), the multi-protein complex known as the inflammasome serves a protective role against bacteria burden through facilitating pathogen clearance and bacteria lysis. This can occur through two mechanisms: (1) the cleavage of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β/IL-18 and (2) the initiation of inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. In recent literature, AIM2-like Receptor (ALR) and Nod-like Receptor (NLR) inflammasome activation has been implicated in host protection following recognition of bacterial DNA. Here, we review current literature synthesizing mechanisms of DNA recognition by inflammasomes during bacterial respiratory disease. This process can occur through direct sensing of DNA or indirectly by sensing pathogen-associated intracellular changes. Additionally, DNA recognition may be assisted through inflammasome-inflammasome interactions, specifically non-canonical inflammasome activation of NLRP3, and crosstalk with the interferon-inducible DNA sensors Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) and Z-DNA Binding Protein-1 (ZBP1). Ultimately, bacterial DNA sensing by inflammasomes is highly protective during respiratory disease, emphasizing the importance of inflammasome involvement in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juselyn D. Tupik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.D.T.); (J.W.M.M.); (H.M.I.)
| | - Justin W. Markov Madanick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.D.T.); (J.W.M.M.); (H.M.I.)
| | - Hannah M. Ivester
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.D.T.); (J.W.M.M.); (H.M.I.)
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.D.T.); (J.W.M.M.); (H.M.I.)
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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11
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Pereira JM, Xu S, Leong JM, Sousa S. The Yin and Yang of Pneumolysin During Pneumococcal Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878244. [PMID: 35529870 PMCID: PMC9074694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumolysin (PLY) is a pore-forming toxin produced by the human pathobiont Streptococcus pneumoniae, the major cause of pneumonia worldwide. PLY, a key pneumococcal virulence factor, can form transmembrane pores in host cells, disrupting plasma membrane integrity and deregulating cellular homeostasis. At lytic concentrations, PLY causes cell death. At sub-lytic concentrations, PLY triggers host cell survival pathways that cooperate to reseal the damaged plasma membrane and restore cell homeostasis. While PLY is generally considered a pivotal factor promoting S. pneumoniae colonization and survival, it is also a powerful trigger of the innate and adaptive host immune response against bacterial infection. The dichotomy of PLY as both a key bacterial virulence factor and a trigger for host immune modulation allows the toxin to display both "Yin" and "Yang" properties during infection, promoting disease by membrane perforation and activating inflammatory pathways, while also mitigating damage by triggering host cell repair and initiating anti-inflammatory responses. Due to its cytolytic activity and diverse immunomodulatory properties, PLY is integral to every stage of S. pneumoniae pathogenesis and may tip the balance towards either the pathogen or the host depending on the context of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Molecular and Cellular (MC) Biology PhD Program, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciência Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shuying Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sandra Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Fiocca Vernengo F, Opitz B. TBK1´s Role in Bacterial Pneumonia: Perhaps More than Macrophages and IFNs. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:596-597. [PMID: 35363998 PMCID: PMC9163646 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0040ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14903, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14903, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany;
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13
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Zhou J, Ventura CJ, Fang RH, Zhang L. Nanodelivery of STING agonists against cancer and infectious diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 83:101007. [PMID: 34353637 PMCID: PMC8792206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a modality that has been widely explored for the treatment of various diseases. To increase the potency of vaccine formulations, immunostimulatory adjuvants have been regularly exploited, and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has recently emerged as a remarkable therapeutic target. STING is an endogenous protein on the endoplasmic reticulum that is a downstream sensor to cytosolic DNA. Upon activation, STING initiates a series of intracellular signaling cascades that ultimately generate potent type I interferon-mediated immune responses. Both natural and synthetic agonists have been used to stimulate the STING pathway, but they are usually administered locally due to low bioavailability, instability, and difficulty in bypassing the plasma membrane. With excellent pharmacokinetic profiles and versatility, nanocarriers can address many of these challenges and broaden the application of STING vaccines. Along these lines, STING-inducing nanovaccines are being developed to address a wide range of diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in STING nanovaccines for anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christian J Ventura
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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14
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Rozario C, Martínez-Sobrido L, McSorley HJ, Chauché C. Could Interleukin-33 (IL-33) Govern the Outcome of an Equine Influenza Virus Infection? Learning from Other Species. Viruses 2021; 13:2519. [PMID: 34960788 PMCID: PMC8704309 DOI: 10.3390/v13122519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are important respiratory pathogens of horses and humans. Infected individuals develop typical respiratory disorders associated with the death of airway epithelial cells (AECs) in infected areas. Virulence and risk of secondary bacterial infections vary among IAV strains. The IAV non-structural proteins, NS1, PB1-F2, and PA-X are important virulence factors controlling AEC death and host immune responses to viral and bacterial infection. Polymorphism in these proteins impacts their function. Evidence from human and mouse studies indicates that upon IAV infection, the manner of AEC death impacts disease severity. Indeed, while apoptosis is considered anti-inflammatory, necrosis is thought to cause pulmonary damage with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as interleukin-33 (IL-33). IL-33 is a potent inflammatory mediator released by necrotic cells, playing a crucial role in anti-viral and anti-bacterial immunity. Here, we discuss studies in human and murine models which investigate how viral determinants and host immune responses control AEC death and subsequent lung IL-33 release, impacting IAV disease severity. Confirming such data in horses and improving our understanding of early immunologic responses initiated by AEC death during IAV infection will better inform the development of novel therapeutic or vaccine strategies designed to protect life-long lung health in horses and humans, following a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Rozario
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | | | - Henry J. McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Wellcome Trust Building, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Caroline Chauché
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
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15
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Kono M, Nanushaj D, Sakatani H, Murakami D, Hijiya M, Kinoshita T, Shiga T, Kaneko F, Enomoto K, Sugita G, Miyajima M, Okada Y, Saika S, Hotomi M. The Roles of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 and 4 in Pneumococcal Nasal Colonization and Subsequent Development of Invasive Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732029. [PMID: 34804016 PMCID: PMC8595402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, neuronal stimulations widely known to be associated with thermal responses, pain induction, and osmoregulation, have been shown in recent studies to have underlying mechanisms associated with inflammatory responses. The role of TRP channels on inflammatory milieu during bacterial infections has been widely demonstrated. It may vary among types of channels/pathogens, however, and it is not known how TRP channels function during pneumococcal infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause severe infections such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis, with systemic inflammatory responses. This study examines the role of TRP channels (TRPV1 and TRPV4) for pneumococcal nasal colonization and subsequent development of invasive pneumococcal disease in a mouse model. Both TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels were shown to be related to regulation of the development of pneumococcal diseases. In particular, the influx of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells) in the nasal cavity and the bactericidal activity were significantly suppressed among TRPV4 knockout mice. This may lead to severe pneumococcal pneumonia, resulting in dissemination of the bacteria to various organs and causing high mortality during influenza virus coinfection. Regulating host immune responses by TRP channels could be a novel strategy against pathogenic microorganisms causing strong local/systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Kono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Denisa Nanushaj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakatani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hijiya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kinoshita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shiga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumie Kaneko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Enomoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Gen Sugita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Muneki Hotomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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16
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Cao S, Dou X, Zhang X, Fang Y, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Hao X, Zhang Z, Wang H. Streptococcus pneumoniae autolysin LytA inhibits ISG15 and ISGylation through decreasing bacterial DNA abnormally accumulated in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:87-96. [PMID: 34673375 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is one of the most robustly upregulated interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and also a ubiquitin-like modifier which has been reported to play an important role in host defense against pathogens. Cytosolic nucleic acids detected by DNA sensors induce type Ⅰ interferons (IFN-Ⅰs) and ISGs in host cells. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pn) autolysin LytA triggers bacterial lysis and then S. pn-derived genomic DNA (hereafter referred to as S. pn-DNA) can be released and accumulates in the cytoplasm of host cells. However, it remains elusive whether LytA-mediated S. pn-DNA release is involved in ISG15 induction. Here we verified that ISG15 conjugation system can be widely activated by S. pn and cytosolic S. pn-DNA in host cells. Moreover, the phagocytosis of macrophages to the mutant strain S. pn D39 ΔlytA was enhanced when compared to S. pn D39, which in turn increased S. pn-DNA uptake into macrophages and augmented ISG15 expression. ISG15 might upregulate proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in macrophages and further promoted the clearance of S. pn in the absence of LytA. These results indicate that S. pn autolysis blunts ISG15 induction through preventing bacteria internalization and reducing cytosolic S. pn-DNA accumulation in macrophages, revealing a new strategy of S. pn for avoiding elimination. This study will help us to further understand the role of ISG15 during S. pn infection as well as the regulatory mechanisms of immune responses mediated by bacterial autolysis and bacterial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen, 361001 Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Dou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yinting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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17
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Qiao X, Li P, Lin H, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Du Z, Lu D. Chloroquine potentially modulated innate immune response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in RAW 264.7 macrophages. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1978943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingchao Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Lin
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (ZhanJiang), Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhu
- R&D Health Food technology department, Infinitus (China) Co., LTD, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- Drug and food homologous center, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Kondreddy V, Magisetty J, Keshava S, Rao LVM, Pendurthi UR. Gab2 (Grb2-Associated Binder2) Plays a Crucial Role in Inflammatory Signaling and Endothelial Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1987-2005. [PMID: 33827252 PMCID: PMC8147699 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kondreddy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
| | - Jhansi Magisetty
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
| | - L. Vijaya Mohan Rao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
| | - Usha R. Pendurthi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
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19
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Zangari T, Ortigoza MB, Lokken-Toyli KL, Weiser JN. Type I Interferon Signaling Is a Common Factor Driving Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus Shedding and Transmission. mBio 2021; 12:e03589-20. [PMID: 33593970 PMCID: PMC8545127 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03589-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics underlying respiratory contagion (the transmission of infectious agents from the airways) are poorly understood. We investigated host factors involved in the transmission of the leading respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae Using an infant mouse model, we examined whether S. pneumoniae triggers inflammatory pathways shared by influenza A virus (IAV) to promote nasal secretions and shedding from the upper respiratory tract to facilitate transit to new hosts. Here, we show that amplification of the type I interferon (IFN-I) response is a critical host factor in this process, as shedding and transmission by both IAV and S. pneumoniae were decreased in pups lacking the common IFN-I receptor (Ifnar1-/- mice). Additionally, providing exogenous recombinant IFN-I to S. pneumoniae-infected pups was sufficient to increase bacterial shedding. The expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was upregulated in S. pneumoniae-infected wild-type (WT) but not Ifnar1-/- mice, including genes involved in mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis; this correlated with an increase in secretions in S. pneumoniae- and IAV-infected WT compared to Ifnar1-/- pups. S. pneumoniae stimulation of ISGs was largely dependent on its pore-forming toxin, pneumolysin, and coinfection with IAV and S. pneumoniae resulted in synergistic increases in ISG expression. We conclude that the induction of IFN-I signaling appears to be a common factor driving viral and bacterial respiratory contagion.IMPORTANCE Respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of childhood mortality and, globally, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of mortality due to pneumonia. Transmission of S. pneumoniae primarily occurs through direct contact with respiratory secretions, although the host and bacterial factors underlying transmission are poorly understood. We examined transmission dynamics of S. pneumoniae in an infant mouse model and here show that S. pneumoniae colonization of the upper respiratory tract stimulates host inflammatory pathways commonly associated with viral infections. Amplification of this response was shown to be a critical host factor driving shedding and transmission of both S. pneumoniae and influenza A virus, with infection stimulating expression of a wide variety of genes, including those involved in the biosynthesis of mucin, a major component of respiratory secretions. Our findings suggest a mechanism facilitating S. pneumoniae contagion that is shared by viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Zangari
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mila B Ortigoza
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristen L Lokken-Toyli
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Peignier A, Parker D. Impact of Type I Interferons on Susceptibility to Bacterial Pathogens. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:823-835. [PMID: 33546974 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a broad class of cytokines that have multifaceted roles. Type I IFNs have variable effects when it comes to host susceptibility to bacterial infections, that is, the resulting outcomes can be either protective or deleterious. The mechanisms identified to date have been wide and varied between pathogens. In this review, we discuss recent literature that provides new insights into the mechanisms of how type I IFN signaling exerts its effects on the outcome of infection from the host's point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Peignier
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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21
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Kienes I, Weidl T, Mirza N, Chamaillard M, Kufer TA. Role of NLRs in the Regulation of Type I Interferon Signaling, Host Defense and Tolerance to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1301. [PMID: 33525590 PMCID: PMC7865845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon signaling contributes to the development of innate and adaptive immune responses to either viruses, fungi, or bacteria. However, amplitude and timing of the interferon response is of utmost importance for preventing an underwhelming outcome, or tissue damage. While several pathogens evolved strategies for disturbing the quality of interferon signaling, there is growing evidence that this pathway can be regulated by several members of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, although the precise mechanism for most of these remains elusive. NLRs consist of a family of about 20 proteins in mammals, which are capable of sensing microbial products as well as endogenous signals related to tissue injury. Here we provide an overview of our current understanding of the function of those NLRs in type I interferon responses with a focus on viral infections. We discuss how NLR-mediated type I interferon regulation can influence the development of auto-immunity and the immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kienes
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (I.K.); (T.W.); (N.M.)
| | - Tanja Weidl
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (I.K.); (T.W.); (N.M.)
| | - Nora Mirza
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (I.K.); (T.W.); (N.M.)
| | | | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (I.K.); (T.W.); (N.M.)
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22
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Rutherford HA, Kasher PR, Hamilton N. Dirty Fish Versus Squeaky Clean Mice: Dissecting Interspecies Differences Between Animal Models of Interferonopathy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:623650. [PMID: 33519829 PMCID: PMC7843416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.623650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are rare but often devastating disorders, underpinned by abnormal immune function. While some autoimmune disorders are thought to be triggered by a burden of infection throughout life, others are thought to be genetic in origin. Among these heritable disorders are the type I interferonopathies, including the rare Mendelian childhood-onset encephalitis Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Patients with Aicardi Goutières syndrome are born with defects in enzymes responsible for nucleic acid metabolism and develop devastating white matter abnormalities resembling congenital cytomegalovirus brain infection. In some cases, common infections preceded the onset of the disease, suggesting immune stimulation as a potential trigger. Thus, the antiviral immune response has been actively studied in an attempt to provide clues on the pathological mechanisms and inform on the development of therapies. Animal models have been fundamental in deciphering biological mechanisms in human health and disease. Multiple rodent and zebrafish models are available to study type I interferonopathies, which have advanced our understanding of the human disease by identifying key pathological pathways and cellular drivers. However, striking differences in phenotype have also emerged between these vertebrate models, with zebrafish models recapitulating key features of the human neuropathology often lacking in rodents. In this review, we compare rodent and zebrafish models, and summarize how they have advanced our understanding of the pathological mechanisms in Aicardi Goutières syndrome and similar disorders. We highlight recent discoveries on the impact of laboratory environments on immune stimulation and how this may inform the differences in pathological severity between mouse and zebrafish models of type I interferonopathies. Understanding how these differences arise will inform the improvement of animal disease modeling to accelerate progress in the development of therapies for these devastating childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. Rutherford
- The Bateson Centre, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Kasher
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Noémie Hamilton
- The Bateson Centre, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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23
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Gong Y, Chang C, Liu X, He Y, Wu Y, Wang S, Zhang C. Stimulator of Interferon Genes Signaling Pathway and its Role in Anti-tumor Immune Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3085-3095. [PMID: 32520678 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200610183048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes is an important innate immune signaling molecule in the body and is involved in the innate immune signal transduction pathway induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns. Stimulator of interferon genes promotes the production of type I interferon and thus plays an important role in the innate immune response to infection. In addition, according to a recent study, the stimulator of interferon genes pathway also contributes to anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor reactions. In this paper, current researches on the Stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway and its relationship with tumor immunity are reviewed. Meanwhile, a series of critical problems to be addressed in subsequent studies are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Gong
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Chang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chongyou Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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24
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Interaction of Macrophages and Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins: The Impact on Immune Response and Cellular Survival. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090531. [PMID: 32825096 PMCID: PMC7551085 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are key virulence factors involved in many lethal bacterial infections, including pneumonia, necrotizing soft tissue infections, bacterial meningitis, and miscarriage. Host responses to these diseases involve myeloid cells, especially macrophages. Macrophages use several systems to detect and respond to cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, including membrane repair, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling, phagocytosis, cytokine production, and activation of the adaptive immune system. However, CDCs also promote immune evasion by silencing and/or destroying myeloid cells. While there are many common themes between the various CDCs, each CDC also possesses specific features to optimally benefit the pathogen producing it. This review highlights host responses to CDC pathogenesis with a focus on macrophages. Due to their robust plasticity, macrophages play key roles in the outcome of bacterial infections. Understanding the unique features and differences within the common theme of CDCs bolsters new tools for research and therapy.
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25
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Kim SM, DeFazio JR, Hyoju SK, Sangani K, Keskey R, Krezalek MA, Khodarev NN, Sangwan N, Christley S, Harris KG, Malik A, Zaborin A, Bouziat R, Ranoa DR, Wiegerinck M, Ernest JD, Shakhsheer BA, Fleming ID, Weichselbaum RR, Antonopoulos DA, Gilbert JA, Barreiro LB, Zaborina O, Jabri B, Alverdy JC. Fecal microbiota transplant rescues mice from human pathogen mediated sepsis by restoring systemic immunity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2354. [PMID: 32393794 PMCID: PMC7214422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15545-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Death due to sepsis remains a persistent threat to critically ill patients confined to the intensive care unit and is characterized by colonization with multi-drug-resistant healthcare-associated pathogens. Here we report that sepsis in mice caused by a defined four-member pathogen community isolated from a patient with lethal sepsis is associated with the systemic suppression of key elements of the host transcriptome required for pathogen clearance and decreased butyrate expression. More specifically, these pathogens directly suppress interferon regulatory factor 3. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) reverses the course of otherwise lethal sepsis by enhancing pathogen clearance via the restoration of host immunity in an interferon regulatory factor 3-dependent manner. This protective effect is linked to the expansion of butyrate-producing Bacteroidetes. Taken together these results suggest that fecal microbiota transplantation may be a treatment option in sepsis associated with immunosuppression. Sepsis due to multidrug resistant pathogens is the most common cause of death in intensive care units. Here, the authors report that fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) can rescue mice from lethal sepsis of pathogens isolated from stool of a critically ill patient and show that FMT reverses the immunosuppressive effect induced by the pathogen community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangman M Kim
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R DeFazio
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjiv K Hyoju
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kishan Sangani
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Keskey
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nikolai N Khodarev
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Scott Christley
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Ankit Malik
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Romain Bouziat
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diana R Ranoa
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mara Wiegerinck
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jordan D Ernest
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Irma D Fleming
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dionysios A Antonopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Genetics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olga Zaborina
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bana Jabri
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - John C Alverdy
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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26
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Wooten AK, Shenoy AT, Arafa EI, Akiyama H, Martin IMC, Jones MR, Quinton LJ, Gummuluru S, Bai G, Mizgerd JP. Unique Roles for Streptococcus pneumoniae Phosphodiesterase 2 in Cyclic di-AMP Catabolism and Macrophage Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:554. [PMID: 32300347 PMCID: PMC7145409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is an important signaling molecule for pneumococci, and as a uniquely prokaryotic product it can be recognized by mammalian cells as a danger signal that triggers innate immunity. Roles of c-di-AMP in directing host responses during pneumococcal infection are only beginning to be defined. We hypothesized that pneumococci with defective c-di-AMP catabolism due to phosphodiesterase deletions could illuminate roles of c-di-AMP in mediating host responses to pneumococcal infection. Pneumococci deficient in phosphodiesterase 2 (Pde2) stimulated a rapid induction of interferon β (IFNβ) expression that was exaggerated in comparison to that induced by wild type (WT) bacteria or bacteria deficient in phosphodiesterase 1. This IFNβ burst was elicited in mouse and human macrophage-like cell lines as well as in primary alveolar macrophages collected from mice with pneumococcal pneumonia. Macrophage hyperactivation by Pde2-deficient pneumococci led to rapid cell death. STING and cGAS were essential for the excessive IFNβ induction, which also required phagocytosis of bacteria and triggered the phosphorylation of IRF3 and IRF7 transcription factors. The select effects of Pde2 deletion were products of a unique role of this enzyme in c-di-AMP catabolism when pneumococci were grown on solid substrate conditions designed to enhance virulence. Because pneumococci with elevated c-di-AMP drive aberrant innate immune responses from macrophages involving hyperactivation of STING, excessive IFNβ expression, and rapid cytotoxicity, we surmise that c-di-AMP is pivotal for directing innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions during pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Wooten
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anukul T Shenoy
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emad I Arafa
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hisashi Akiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ian M C Martin
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guangchun Bai
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Fang Y, Zhang X, Lu C, Yin Y, Hu X, Xu W, Liu Y, Wang H. Cytosolic mtDNA released from pneumolysin-damaged mitochondria triggers IFN-β production in epithelial cells. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:435-445. [PMID: 32191844 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pneumolysin (Ply) is a major virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ply-induced interferon-β (IFN-β) expression in host macrophages has been shown to be due to the accumulation of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) in the cytoplasm during S. pneumoniae infection. Our findings extend this work to show human bronchial epithelial cells that reside at the interface of inflammatory injury, BEAS-2B, adapt to local cues by altering mitochondrial states and releasing excess mtDNA. The results in this research showed that purified Ply induced the expression of IFN-β in human epithelial cells, which was accompanied by mitochondrial damage both in vivo and in vitro. The observations also were supported by the increased mtDNA concentrations in the bronchial lavage fluid of mice infected with S. pneumoniae. In summary, our study demonstrated that Ply triggered the production of IFN-β in epithelial cells, and this response was mediated by mtDNA released from Ply-damaged mitochondria. It displayed an impressive modulation of IFN-β response to S. pneumoniae in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Lu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Yin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexue Hu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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28
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Pires S, Peignier A, Seto J, Smyth DS, Parker D. Biological sex influences susceptibility to Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132223. [PMID: 32191638 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an extremely versatile multidrug-resistant pathogen with a very high mortality rate; therefore, it has become crucial to understand the host response during its infection. Given the importance of mice for modeling infection and their role in preclinical drug development, equal emphasis should be placed on the use of both sexes. Through our studies using a murine model of acute pneumonia with A. baumannii, we observed that female mice were more susceptible to infection. Likewise, treatment of male mice with estradiol increased their susceptibility to infection. Analysis of the airway compartment revealed enhanced inflammation and reduced neutrophil and alveolar macrophage numbers compared with male mice. Depletion of either neutrophils or alveolar macrophages was important for bacterial clearance; however, depletion of alveolar macrophages further exacerbated female susceptibility because of severe alterations in metabolic homeostasis. Our data highlight the importance of using both sexes when assessing host immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Pires
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Adeline Peignier
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jeremy Seto
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology, Brooklyn, New York, New York, USA
| | - Davida S Smyth
- Department of Natural Sciences, Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts at The New School, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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29
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Aguilera ER, Lenz LL. Inflammation as a Modulator of Host Susceptibility to Pulmonary Influenza, Pneumococcal, and Co-Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:105. [PMID: 32117259 PMCID: PMC7026256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral pathogens are predominant causes of pulmonary infections and complications. Morbidity and mortality from these infections is increased in populations that include the elderly, infants, and individuals with genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. Immune senescence, concurrent infections, and other immune alterations occur in these susceptible populations, but the underlying mechanisms that dictate increased susceptibility to lung infections are not fully defined. Here, we review unique features of the lung as a mucosal epithelial tissue and aspects of inflammatory and immune responses in model pulmonary infections and co-infections by influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In these models, lung inflammatory responses are a double-edged sword: recruitment of immune effectors is essential to eliminate bacteria and virus-infected cells, but inflammatory cytokines drive changes in the lung conducive to increased pathogen replication. Excessive accumulation of inflammatory cells also hinders lung function, possibly causing death of the host. Some animal studies have found that targeting host modulators of lung inflammatory responses has therapeutic or prophylactic effects in these infection and co-infection models. However, conflicting results from other studies suggest microbiota, sequence of colonization, or other unappreciated aspects of lung biology also play important roles in the outcome of infections. Regardless, a predisposition to excessive or aberrant inflammatory responses occurs in susceptible human populations. Hence, in appropriate contexts, modulation of inflammatory responses may prove effective for reducing the frequency or severity of pulmonary infections. However, there remain limitations in our understanding of how this might best be achieved—particularly in diverse human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Aguilera
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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30
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Ahn J, Barber GN. STING signaling and host defense against microbial infection. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 31827069 PMCID: PMC6906460 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The first line of host defense against infectious agents involves activation of innate immune signaling pathways that recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Key triggers of innate immune signaling are now known to include microbial-specific nucleic acid, which is rapidly detected in the cytosol of the cell. For example, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) have evolved to detect viral RNA species and to activate the production of host defense molecules and cytokines that stimulate adaptive immune responses. In addition, host defense countermeasures, including the production of type I interferons (IFNs), can also be triggered by microbial DNA from bacteria, viruses and perhaps parasites and are regulated by the cytosolic sensor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING). STING-dependent signaling is initiated by cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) generated by intracellular bacteria following infection. CDNs can also be synthesized by a cellular synthase, cGAS, following interaction with invasive cytosolic self-DNA or microbial DNA species. The importance of STING signaling in host defense is evident since numerous pathogens have developed strategies to prevent STING function. Here, we review the relevance of STING-controlled innate immune signaling in host defense against pathogen invasion, including microbial endeavors to subvert this critical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Ahn
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Glen N Barber
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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31
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Abstract
People worldwide are living longer, and it is estimated that by 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years of age will nearly double. Natural lung aging is associated with molecular and physiological changes that cause alterations in lung function, diminished pulmonary remodeling and regenerative capacity, and increased susceptibility to acute and chronic lung diseases. As the aging population rapidly grows, it is essential to examine how alterations in cellular function and cell-to-cell interactions of pulmonary resident cells and systemic immune cells contribute to a higher risk of increased susceptibility to infection and development of chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. This review provides an overview of physiological, structural, and cellular changes in the aging lung and immune system that facilitate the development and progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Heather W Stout-Delgado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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32
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Dual RNA-seq in Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection Reveals Compartmentalized Neutrophil Responses in Lung and Pleural Space. mSystems 2019; 4:4/4/e00216-19. [PMID: 31409659 PMCID: PMC6697439 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00216-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors that regulate the passage of bacteria between different anatomical compartments are unclear. We have used an experimental model of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae to examine the host and bacterial factors involved in the passage of bacteria from the lung to the pleural space. The transcriptional profile of host and bacterial cells within the pleural space and lung was analyzed using deep sequencing of the entire transcriptome using the technique of dual RNA-seq. We found significant differences in the host and bacterial RNA profiles in infection, which shed light on the key factors that allow passage of this bacterium into the pleural space. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the dominant cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide. Invasion of the pleural space is common and results in increased mortality. We set out to determine the bacterial and host factors that influence invasion of the pleural space. In a murine model of pneumococcal infection, we isolated neutrophil-dominated samples of bronchoalveolar and pleural fluid containing bacteria 48 hours after infection. Using dual RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we characterized bacterial and host transcripts that were differentially regulated between these compartments and bacteria in broth and resting neutrophils, respectively. Pleural and lung samples showed upregulation of genes involved in the positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation but downregulation of genes mediating bacterial killing. Compared to the lung samples, cells within the pleural space showed marked upregulation of many genes induced by type I interferons, which are cytokines implicated in preventing bacterial transmigration across epithelial barriers. Differences in the bacterial transcripts between the infected samples and bacteria grown in broth showed the upregulation of genes in the bacteriocin locus, the pneumococcal surface adhesin PsaA, and the glycopeptide resistance gene vanZ; the gene encoding the ClpP protease was downregulated in infection. One hundred sixty-nine intergenic putative small bacterial RNAs were also identified, of which 43 (25.4%) small RNAs had been previously described. Forty-two of the small RNAs were upregulated in pleura compared to broth, including many previously identified as being important in virulence. Our results have identified key host and bacterial responses to invasion of the pleural space that can be potentially exploited to develop alternative antimicrobial strategies for the prevention and treatment of pneumococcal pleural disease. IMPORTANCE The factors that regulate the passage of bacteria between different anatomical compartments are unclear. We have used an experimental model of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae to examine the host and bacterial factors involved in the passage of bacteria from the lung to the pleural space. The transcriptional profile of host and bacterial cells within the pleural space and lung was analyzed using deep sequencing of the entire transcriptome using the technique of dual RNA-seq. We found significant differences in the host and bacterial RNA profiles in infection, which shed light on the key factors that allow passage of this bacterium into the pleural space.
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33
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Jochems SP, de Ruiter K, Solórzano C, Voskamp A, Mitsi E, Nikolaou E, Carniel BF, Pojar S, German EL, Reiné J, Soares-Schanoski A, Hill H, Robinson R, Hyder-Wright AD, Weight CM, Durrenberger PF, Heyderman RS, Gordon SB, Smits HH, Urban BC, Rylance J, Collins AM, Wilkie MD, Lazarova L, Leong SC, Yazdanbakhsh M, Ferreira DM. Innate and adaptive nasal mucosal immune responses following experimental human pneumococcal colonization. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4523-4538. [PMID: 31361601 PMCID: PMC6763269 DOI: 10.1172/jci128865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a common cause of respiratory infection, but also frequently colonizes the nasopharynx in the absence of disease. We used mass cytometry to study immune cells from nasal biopsy samples collected following experimental human pneumococcal challenge in order to identify immunological mechanisms of control of Spn colonization. Using 37 markers, we characterized 293 nasal immune cell clusters, of which 7 were associated with Spn colonization. B cell and CD161+CD8+ T cell clusters were significantly lower in colonized than in noncolonized subjects. By following a second cohort before and after pneumococcal challenge we observed that B cells were depleted from the nasal mucosa upon Spn colonization. This associated with an expansion of Spn polysaccharide–specific and total plasmablasts in blood. Moreover, increased responses of blood mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells against in vitro stimulation with pneumococcus prior to challenge associated with protection against establishment of Spn colonization and with increased mucosal MAIT cell populations. These results implicate MAIT cells in the protection against pneumococcal colonization and demonstrate that colonization affects mucosal and circulating B cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Jochems
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Karin de Ruiter
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carla Solórzano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Voskamp
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elena Mitsi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz F Carniel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sherin Pojar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Esther L German
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Helen Hill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Robinson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angela D Hyder-Wright
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pascal F Durrenberger
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen B Gordon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Britta C Urban
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea M Collins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Wilkie
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lepa Lazarova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel C Leong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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34
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Hu X, Peng X, Lu C, Zhang X, Gan L, Gao Y, Yang S, Xu W, Wang J, Yin Y, Wang H. Type I
IFN
expression is stimulated by cytosolic Mt
DNA
released from pneumolysin‐damaged mitochondria via the
STING
signaling pathway in macrophages. FEBS J 2019; 286:4754-4768. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University China
- School of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University China
| | - Xiaoqiong Peng
- Department of Ultrasound The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University China
| | - Chang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University China
- School of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University China
- School of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University China
| | - Lingling Gan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University China
- School of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University China
- School of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University China
| | - Shenghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University China
- School of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University China
- School of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University China
- School of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University China
- School of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University China
- School of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University China
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35
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Weight CM, Venturini C, Pojar S, Jochems SP, Reiné J, Nikolaou E, Solórzano C, Noursadeghi M, Brown JS, Ferreira DM, Heyderman RS. Microinvasion by Streptococcus pneumoniae induces epithelial innate immunity during colonisation at the human mucosal surface. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3060. [PMID: 31311921 PMCID: PMC6635362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation at human mucosal surfaces is critical to reducing the burden of pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease, interrupting transmission, and achieving herd protection. Here, we use an experimental human pneumococcal carriage model (EHPC) to show that S. pneumoniae colonisation is associated with epithelial surface adherence, micro-colony formation and invasion, without overt disease. Interactions between different strains and the epithelium shaped the host transcriptomic response in vitro. Using epithelial modules from a human epithelial cell model that recapitulates our in vivo findings, comprising of innate signalling and regulatory pathways, inflammatory mediators, cellular metabolism and stress response genes, we find that inflammation in the EHPC model is most prominent around the time of bacterial clearance. Our results indicate that, rather than being confined to the epithelial surface and the overlying mucus layer, the pneumococcus undergoes micro-invasion of the epithelium that enhances inflammatory and innate immune responses associated with clearance. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common coloniser of the human nasopharynx, but it also causes severe diseases. Here, Weight et al. use an experimental human pneumococcal carriage model to show that bacterial colonisation is associated with invasion of the epithelium and enhancement of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Weight
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sherin Pojar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon P Jochems
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carla Solórzano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy S Brown
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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36
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Olotu C, Lehmensiek F, Koch B, Kiefmann M, Riegel AK, Hammerschmidt S, Kiefmann R. Streptococcus pneumoniae inhibits purinergic signaling and promotes purinergic receptor P2Y 2 internalization in alveolar epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12795-12806. [PMID: 31289122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a global health challenge that causes up to 2 million deaths each year. Purinergic signaling plays a pivotal role in healthy alveolar epithelium. Here, we used fluorophore-based analysis and live-cell calcium imaging to address the question of whether the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae directly interferes with purinergic signaling in alveolar epithelial cells. Disturbed purinergic signaling might result in pathophysiologic changes like edema formation and atelectasis, which are commonly seen in bacterial pneumonia. Purine receptors are mainly activated by ATP, mediating a cytosolic calcium response. We found that this purinergic receptor P2Y2-mediated response is suppressed in the presence of S. pneumoniae in A549 and isolated primary alveolar cells in a temperature-dependent manner. Downstream inositol 3-phosphate (IP3) signaling appeared to be unaffected, as calcium signaling via protease-activated receptor 2 remained unaltered. S. pneumoniae-induced suppression of the P2Y2-mediated calcium response depended on the P2Y2 phosphorylation sites Ser-243, Thr-344, and Ser-356, which are involved in receptor desensitization and internalization. Spinning-disk live-cell imaging revealed that S. pneumoniae induces P2Y2 translocation into the cytosol. In conclusion, our results show that S. pneumoniae directly inhibits purinergic signaling by inducing P2Y2 phosphorylation and internalization, resulting in the suppression of the calcium response of alveolar epithelial cells to ATP, thereby affecting cellular integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Olotu
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmensiek
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Koch
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kiefmann
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Riegel
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Kiefmann
- Center for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 22051 Hamburg, Germany
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37
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Yang S, Yin Y, Xu W, Zhang X, Gao Y, Liao H, Hu X, Wang J, Wang H. Type I interferon induced by DNA of nontypeable Haemophilus influenza modulates inflammatory cytokine profile to promote susceptibility to this bacterium. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105710. [PMID: 31255879 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) is indispensable for antiviral immunity, but its role in bacterial infections is controversial and not fully described. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is one of the most common bacterial pathogens in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NTHi-DNA activates type I IFN production in macrophages, but the function of type I IFN in host-pathogen interactions, in the context of NTHi infection, is still unclear. Here, we showed that type I IFN, induced by NTHi-DNA, restrained bacterial killing in vitro and promoted COPD development in vivo in response to NTHi. Mice deficient for type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) exhibited improved resistance to NTHi infection. Moreover, similar to exogenous IFN-β, NTHi-DNA-induced type I IFN increased the production of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12 and CXCL10 via p38 MAPK activation. Our findings demonstrated that NTHi-DNA-induced type I IFN signaling played a negative role in host defense against NTHi infection and identified potential targets for future therapeutic management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuexue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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38
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Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite broad literature including basic and translational scientific studies, many gaps in our understanding of host-pathogen interactions remain. In this review, pathogen virulence factors that drive lung infection and injury are discussed in relation to their associated host immune pathways. CAP epidemiology is considered, with a focus on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae as primary pathogens. Bacterial factors involved in nasal colonization and subsequent virulence are illuminated. A particular emphasis is placed on bacterial pore-forming toxins, host cell death, and inflammasome activation. Identified host-pathogen interactions are then examined by linking pathogen factors to aberrant host response pathways in the context of acute lung injury in both primary and secondary infection. While much is known regarding bacterial virulence and host immune responses, CAP management is still limited to mostly supportive care. It is likely that improvements in therapy will be derived from combinatorial targeting of both pathogen virulence factors and host immunomodulation.
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39
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Dual Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Factors Associated with Staphylococcus aureus Virulence in Diabetic Mice. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00163-19. [PMID: 30833333 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00163-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen of the skin. The global burden of diabetes is high, with S. aureus being a major complication of diabetic wound infections. We investigated how the diabetic environment influences S. aureus skin infection and observed an increased susceptibility to infection in mouse models of both type I and type II diabetes. A dual gene expression approach was taken to investigate transcriptional alterations in both the host and bacterium after infection. While analysis of the host response revealed only minor changes between infected control and diabetic mice, we observed that S. aureus isolated from diabetic mice had significant increases in the levels of genes associated with translation and posttranslational modification and chaperones and reductions in the levels of genes associated with amino acid transport and metabolism. One family of genes upregulated in S. aureus isolated from diabetic lesions encoded the Clp proteases, associated with the misfolded protein response. The Clp proteases were found to be partially glucose regulated as well as influencing the hemolytic activity of S. aureus Strains lacking the Clp proteases ClpX, ClpC, and ClpP were significantly attenuated in our animal model of skin infection, with significant reductions observed in dermonecrosis and bacterial burden. In particular, mutations in clpP and clpX were significantly attenuated and remained attenuated in both normal and diabetic mice. Our data suggest that the diabetic environment also causes changes to occur in invading pathogens, and one of these virulence determinants is the Clp protease system.
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Gao Y, Xu W, Dou X, Wang H, Zhang X, Yang S, Liao H, Hu X, Wang H. Mitochondrial DNA Leakage Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Hydrogen Peroxide Promotes Type I IFN Expression in Lung Cells. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:630. [PMID: 30984149 PMCID: PMC6447684 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pn), the bacterial pathogen responsible for invasive pneumococcal diseases, is capable of producing substantial amounts of hydrogen peroxide. However, the impact of S. pn-secreted hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the host immune processes is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrated that S. pn-secreted H2O2 caused mitochondrial damage and severe histopathological damage in mouse lung tissue. Additionally, S. pn-secreted H2O2 caused not only oxidative damage to mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA), but also a reduction in the mtDNA content in alveolar epithelia cells. This resulted in the release of mtDNA into the cytoplasm, which subsequently induced type I interferons (IFN-I) expression. We also determined that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling was probably involved in S. pn H2O2-inducing IFN-I expression in response to mtDNA damaged by S. pn-secreted H2O2. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that H2O2 produced by S. pn resulted in mtDNA leakage from damaged mitochondria and IFN-I production in alveolar epithelia cells, and STING may be required in this process, and this is a novel mitochondrial damage mechanism by which S. pn potentiates the IFN-I cascade in S. pn infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Dou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuexue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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41
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Jochems SP, Marcon F, Carniel BF, Holloway M, Mitsi E, Smith E, Gritzfeld JF, Solórzano C, Reiné J, Pojar S, Nikolaou E, German EL, Hyder-Wright A, Hill H, Hales C, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, Bogaert D, Adler H, Zaidi S, Connor V, Gordon SB, Rylance J, Nakaya HI, Ferreira DM. Inflammation induced by influenza virus impairs human innate immune control of pneumococcus. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1299-1308. [PMID: 30374129 PMCID: PMC6241853 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Colonization of the upper respiratory tract by pneumococcus is important both as a determinant of disease and for transmission into the population. The immunological mechanisms that contain pneumococcus during colonization are well studied in mice but remain unclear in humans. Loss of this control of pneumococcus following infection with influenza virus is associated with secondary bacterial pneumonia. We used a human challenge model with type 6B pneumococcus to show that acquisition of pneumococcus induced early degranulation of resident neutrophils and recruitment of monocytes to the nose. Monocyte function was associated with the clearance of pneumococcus. Prior nasal infection with live attenuated influenza virus induced inflammation, impaired innate immune function and altered genome-wide nasal gene responses to the carriage of pneumococcus. Levels of the cytokine CXCL10, promoted by viral infection, at the time pneumococcus was encountered were positively associated with bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Jochems
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Fernando Marcon
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz F Carniel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Holloway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elena Mitsi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emma Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jenna F Gritzfeld
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carla Solórzano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sherin Pojar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Esther L German
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angie Hyder-Wright
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Hill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Caz Hales
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wouter A A de Steenhuijsen Piters
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Adler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Seher Zaidi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Victoria Connor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen B Gordon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paolo, Brazil.
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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Age-related changes in the levels and kinetics of pulmonary cytokine and chemokine responses to Streptococcuspneumoniae in mouse pneumonia models. Cytokine 2018; 111:389-397. [PMID: 30463053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcuspneumoniae is a major human pathogen at the extremes of age. The elderly are particularly vulnerable to S.pneumoniae, the most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia in this population. Despite the availability of vaccines and antibiotics, mortality rates associated with pneumococcal pneumonia in this age group remain high. In light of globally increasing life-expectancy, a better understanding of the patho-mechanisms of elderly pneumococcal pneumonia, including alterations in innate immune responses, is needed to develop improved therapies. In this study we aimed at investigating how increased susceptibility to pneumococcal infection relates to inflammation kinetics in the aged mouse pneumonia model by determining pulmonary cytokine and chemokine levels and comparing these parameters to those measured in young adult mice. Firstly, we detected overall higher pulmonary cytokine and chemokine levels in aged mice. However, upon induction of pneumococcal pneumonia in aged mice, delayed production of certain analytes, such as IFN-γ, MIG (CXCL9), IP-10 (CXCL10), MCP-1 (CCL2), TARC (CCL17) and MDC (CCL22) became apparent. In addition, aged mice were unable to control excess inflammatory responses: while young mice showed peak inflammatory responses at 20 h and subsequent resolution by 48 h post intranasal challenge, in aged mice increasing cytokine and chemokine levels were measured. These findings highlight the importance of considering multiple time points when delineating inflammatory responses to S.pneumoniae in an age-related context. Finally, correlation between pulmonary bacterial burden and cytokine or chemokine levels in young mice suggested that appropriately controlled inflammatory responses support the host to fight pneumococcal infection.
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43
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Age-related differences in IL-1 signaling and capsule serotype affect persistence of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007396. [PMID: 30379943 PMCID: PMC6231672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Young age is a risk factor for prolonged colonization by common pathogens residing in their upper respiratory tract (URT). Why children present with more persistent colonization is unknown and there is relatively little insight into the host-pathogen interactions that contribute to persistent colonization. To identify factors permissive for persistent colonization during infancy, we utilized an infant mouse model of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in which clearance from the mucosal surface of the URT requires many weeks to months. Loss of a single bacterial factor, the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin (Ply), and loss of a single host factor, IL-1α, led to more persistent colonization. Exogenous administration of Ply promoted IL-1 responses and clearance, and intranasal treatment with IL-1α was sufficient to reduce colonization density. Major factors known to affect the duration of natural colonization include host age and pneumococcal capsular serotype. qRT-PCR analysis of the uninfected URT mucosa showed reduced baseline expression of genes involved in IL-1 signaling in infant compared to adult mice. In line with this observation, IL-1 signaling was important in initiating clearance in adult mice but had no effect on early colonization of infant mice. In contrast to the effect of age, isogenic constructs of different capsular serotype showed differences in colonization persistence but induced similar IL-1 responses. Altogether, this work underscores the importance of toxin-induced IL-1α responses in determining the outcome of colonization, clearance versus persistence. Our findings about IL-1 signaling as a function of host age may provide an explanation for the increased susceptibility and more prolonged colonization during early childhood. During early childhood, opportunistic pathogens are often carried in the upper respiratory tract (URT) for prolonged periods of time. Why young children experience more persistent carriage is unclear and there is little understanding of host-bacteria interactions that affect persistence, especially in infants. Here, we utilized an infant mouse model of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization, a common pathogen of the infant URT, that persists for several months. We identified that clearance is dictated by bacterial expression of a single pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin, and by the host response via a single cytokine, IL-1α, that activates IL-1 signaling. Absence of either of these factors led to increased persistence of S. pneumoniae. We discovered that the infant URT shows repression of IL-1 signaling compared to adults. Our study presents new insight into the importance of IL-1 signaling in clearance of persistent URT carriage and may provide an explanation why infants present with more persistent carriage by common URT pathogens.
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44
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Loughran ST, Power PA, Maguire PT, McQuaid SL, Buchanan PJ, Jonsdottir I, Newman RW, Harvey R, Johnson PA. Influenza infection directly alters innate IL-23 and IL-12p70 and subsequent IL-17A and IFN-γ responses to pneumococcus in vitro in human monocytes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203521. [PMID: 30192848 PMCID: PMC6128554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Influenza virus is highly contagious and poses substantial public health problems due to its strong association with morbidity and mortality. Approximately 250,000-500,000 deaths are caused by seasonal influenza virus annually, and this figure increases during periods of pandemic infections. Most of these deaths are due to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Influenza-bacterial superinfection can result in hospitalisation and/or death of both patients with pre-existing lung disease or previously healthy individuals. The importance of our research is in determining that influenza and its component haemagglutinin has a direct effect on the classic pneumococcus induced pathways to IL-17A in our human ex vivo model. Our understanding of the mechanism which leaves people exposed to influenza infection during superinfection remain unresolved. This paper demonstrates that early infection of monocytes inhibits an arm of immunity crucial to bacterial clearance. Understanding this mechanism may provide alternative interventions in the case of superinfection with antimicrobial resistant strains of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead T. Loughran
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick A. Power
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula T. Maguire
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Samantha L. McQuaid
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul J. Buchanan
- Translational Cancer Physiology Laboratory, School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Robert W. Newman
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Harvey
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia A. Johnson
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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45
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Strehlitz A, Goldmann O, Pils MC, Pessler F, Medina E. An Interferon Signature Discriminates Pneumococcal From Staphylococcal Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1424. [PMID: 29988532 PMCID: PMC6026679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite the low prevalence of CAP caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), CAP patients often receive empirical antibiotic therapy providing coverage for MRSA such as vancomycin or linezolid. An early differentiation between S. pneumoniae and S. aureus pneumonia can help to reduce the use of unnecessary antibiotics. The objective of this study was to identify candidate biomarkers that can discriminate pneumococcal from staphylococcal pneumonia. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of lung and peripheral blood performed in murine models of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus lung infection identified an interferon signature specifically associated with S. pneumoniae infection. Prediction models built using a support vector machine and Monte Carlo cross-validation, identified the combination of the interferon-induced chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 serum concentrations as the set of biomarkers with best sensitivity, specificity, and predictive power that enabled an accurate discrimination between S. pneumoniae and S. aureus pneumonia. The predictive performance of these biomarkers was further validated in an independent cohort of mice. This study highlights the potential of serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 biomarkers as an adjunctive diagnostic tool that could facilitate prompt and correct pathogen-targeted therapy in CAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Strehlitz
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Goldmann
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marina C Pils
- Mouse Pathology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Medina
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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46
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Weiser JN, Ferreira DM, Paton JC. Streptococcus pneumoniae: transmission, colonization and invasion. Nat Rev Microbiol 2018; 16:355-367. [PMID: 29599457 PMCID: PMC5949087 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae has a complex relationship with its obligate human host. On the one hand, the pneumococci are highly adapted commensals, and their main reservoir on the mucosal surface of the upper airways of carriers enables transmission. On the other hand, they can cause severe disease when bacterial and host factors allow them to invade essentially sterile sites, such as the middle ear spaces, lungs, bloodstream and meninges. Transmission, colonization and invasion depend on the remarkable ability of S. pneumoniae to evade or take advantage of the host inflammatory and immune responses. The different stages of pneumococcal carriage and disease have been investigated in detail in animal models and, more recently, in experimental human infection. Furthermore, widespread vaccination and the resulting immune pressure have shed light on pneumococcal population dynamics and pathogenesis. Here, we review the mechanistic insights provided by these studies on the multiple and varied interactions of the pneumococcus and its host.
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47
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Hakansson AP, Orihuela CJ, Bogaert D. Bacterial-Host Interactions: Physiology and Pathophysiology of Respiratory Infection. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:781-811. [PMID: 29488821 PMCID: PMC5966719 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been thought that respiratory infections are the direct result of acquisition of pathogenic viruses or bacteria, followed by their overgrowth, dissemination, and in some instances tissue invasion. In the last decades, it has become apparent that in contrast to this classical view, the majority of microorganisms associated with respiratory infections and inflammation are actually common members of the respiratory ecosystem and only in rare circumstances do they cause disease. This suggests that a complex interplay between host, environment, and properties of colonizing microorganisms together determines disease development and its severity. To understand the pathophysiological processes that underlie respiratory infectious diseases, it is therefore necessary to understand the host-bacterial interactions occurring at mucosal surfaces, along with the microbes inhabiting them, during symbiosis. Current knowledge regarding host-bacterial interactions during asymptomatic colonization will be discussed, including a plausible role for the human microbiome in maintaining a healthy state. With this as a starting point, we will discuss possible disruptive factors contributing to dysbiosis, which is likely to be a key trigger for pathobionts in the development and pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. Finally, from this renewed perspective, we will reflect on current and potential new approaches for treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Hakansson
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - C J Orihuela
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - D Bogaert
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
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48
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Lawrence DW, Kornbluth J. Reduced inflammation and cytokine production in NKLAM deficient mice during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518136 PMCID: PMC5843292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and a significant economic burden. Antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae has become more prevalent in recent years and many pneumonia cases are caused by S. pneumoniae that is resistant to at least one antibiotic. The ubiquitin ligase natural killer lytic-associated molecule (NKLAM/RNF19b) plays a role in innate immunity and studies using NKLAM-knockout (NKLAM-KO) macrophages have demonstrated that NKLAM positively affects the transcriptional activity of STAT1. Using an inhalation infection model, we found that NKLAM-KO mice had a significantly higher lung bacterial load than WT mice but had less lung inflammation. Coincidently, NKLAM-KO mice had fewer neutrophils and NK cells in their lungs. NKLAM-KO mice also expressed less iNOS in their lungs as well as less MCP-1, MIP1α, TNFα, IL-12, and IFNγ. Both neutrophils and macrophages from NKLAM-KO mice were defective in killing S. pneumoniae as compared to wild type cells (WT). The phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 in NKLAM-KO lungs was lower than in WT lungs at 24 hours post-infection. NKLAM-KO mice were afforded some protection against a lethal dose of S. pneumoniae compared to WT mice. In summary, our novel data demonstrate a role for E3 ubiquitin ligase NKLAM in modulating innate immunity via the positive regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression and bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W. Lawrence
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jacki Kornbluth
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- VA St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Ruiz-Moreno JS, Hamann L, Jin L, Sander LE, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Cambier J, Witzenrath M, Schumann RR, Suttorp N, Opitz B. The cGAS/STING Pathway Detects Streptococcus pneumoniae but Appears Dispensable for Antipneumococcal Defense in Mice and Humans. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00849-17. [PMID: 29263110 PMCID: PMC5820968 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00849-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent colonizer of the upper respiratory tract and a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia. The innate immune system senses pneumococcal cell wall components, toxin, and nucleic acids, which leads to production of inflammatory mediators to initiate and control antibacterial defense. Here, we show that the cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP [cGAMP] synthase)-STING pathway mediates detection of pneumococcal DNA in mouse macrophages to primarily stimulate type I interferon (IFN) responses. Cells of human individuals carrying HAQ TMEM173, which encodes a common hypomorphic variant of STING, were largely or partly defective in inducing type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines upon infection. Subsequent analyses, however, revealed that STING was dispensable for restricting S. pneumoniae during acute pneumonia in mice. Moreover, explorative analyses did not find differences in the allele frequency of HAQ TMEM173 in nonvaccinated pneumococcal pneumonia patients and healthy controls or an association of HAQ TMEM173 carriage with disease severity. Together, our results indicate that the cGAS/STING pathway senses S. pneumoniae but plays no major role in antipneumococcal immunity in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Hamann
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Leif E Sander
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - John Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
- CAPNETZ Stiftung, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf R Schumann
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
- CAPNETZ Stiftung, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
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50
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Abstract
Colonization of the human nasopharynx by pneumococcus is extremely common and is both the primary reservoir for transmission and a prerequisite for disease. Current vaccines targeting the polysaccharide capsule effectively prevent colonization, conferring herd protection within vaccinated communities. However, these vaccines cover only a subset of all circulating pneumococcal strains, and serotype replacement has been observed. Given the success of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in preventing colonization in unvaccinated adults within vaccinated communities, reducing nasopharyngeal colonization has become an outcome of interest for novel vaccines. Here, we discuss the immunological mechanisms that control nasopharyngeal colonization, with an emphasis on findings from human studies. Increased understanding of these immunological mechanisms is required to identify correlates of protection against colonization that will facilitate the early testing and design of novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Jochems
- Department of Clinicial Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SPJ); (DMF)
| | - Jeffrey N. Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Malley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children′s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Department of Clinicial Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SPJ); (DMF)
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