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Salnikova DI, Nikiforov NG, Postnov AY, Orekhov AN. Target Role of Monocytes as Key Cells of Innate Immunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Diseases 2024; 12:81. [PMID: 38785736 PMCID: PMC11119903 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, and inflammatory autoimmune condition characterized by synovitis, pannus formation (with adjacent bone erosion), and joint destruction. In the perpetuation of RA, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), macrophages, B cells, and CD4+ T-cells-specifically Th1 and Th17 cells-play crucial roles. Additionally, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and monocytes contribute to the disease progression. Monocytes, circulating cells primarily derived from the bone marrow, participate in RA pathogenesis. Notably, CCR2 interacts with CCL2, and CX3CR1 (expressed by monocytes) cooperates with CX3CL1 (produced by FLSs), facilitating the migration involved in RA. Canonical "classical" monocytes predominantly acquire the phenotype of an "intermediate" subset, which differentially expresses proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF) and surface markers (CD14, CD16, HLA-DR, TLRs, and β1- and β2-integrins). However, classical monocytes have greater potential to differentiate into osteoclasts, which contribute to bone resorption in the inflammatory milieu; in RA, Th17 cells stimulate FLSs to produce RANKL, triggering osteoclastogenesis. This review aims to explore the monocyte heterogeneity, plasticity, antigenic expression, and their differentiation into macrophages and osteoclasts. Additionally, we investigate the monocyte migration into the synovium and the role of their cytokines in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Salnikova
- Laboratory of Oncoproteomics, Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Highway, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Y. Postnov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Meng X, Chen Z, Li T, Nie Z, Han H, Zhong S, Yin Z, Sun S, Xie J, Shen J, Xu X, Gao C, Ran L, Xu B, Xiang Z, Wang J, Sun P, Xin P, A X, Zhang C, Qiu G, Gao H, Bian Y, Xu M, Cao B, Li F, Zheng L, Zhang X, Xiao L. Role and Therapeutic Potential for Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/FGFR1 in Relapsed Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:32-47. [PMID: 37584284 DOI: 10.1002/art.42674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) contribute to inflammation and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the regulatory mechanisms of FLSs in relapse and remission of RA remain unknown. Identifying FLS heterogeneity and their underlying pathogenic roles may lead to discovering novel disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. METHODS Combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics, we sequenced six matched synovial tissue samples from three patients with relapse RA and three patients in remission. We analyzed the differences in the transcriptomes of the FLS subsets between the relapse and remitted phases. We validated several key signaling pathways using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). We further targeted the critical signals in vitro and in vivo using the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in rats. RESULTS Lining and sublining FLS subsets were identified using scRNA-seq. Differential analyses indicated that the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway was highly activated in the lining FLSs from patients with relapse RA for which mIHC confirmed the increased expression of FGF10. Although the type I interferon pathway was also activated in the lining FLSs, in vitro stimulation experiment suggested that it was independent of the FGF10 pathway. FGF10 knockdown by small interfering RNA in FLSs significantly reduced the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. Moreover, recombinant FGF10 protein enhanced bone erosion in the primary human-derived pannus cell culture, whereas the FGF receptor (FGFR) 1 inhibitor attenuated this process. Finally, administering an FGFR1 inhibitor displayed a therapeutic effect in a CIA rat model. CONCLUSION The FGF pathway is a critical signaling pathway in relapse RA. Targeted tissue-specific inhibition of FGF10/FGFR1 may provide new opportunities to treat patients with relapse RA.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Rats
- Animals
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Synoviocytes/metabolism
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Recurrence
- Cells, Cultured
- Cell Proliferation
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Meng
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Zechuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixing Nie
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihui Han
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songtao Sun
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirui Xu
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxin Gao
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ran
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Xin
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu A
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengbo Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Qiu
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Gao
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Bian
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine and Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglan Xu
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boran Cao
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, and Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine and Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Pasquesi GIM, Allen H, Ivancevic A, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Joyner O, Guo K, Simpson DM, Gapin K, Horton I, Nguyen L, Yang Q, Warren CJ, Florea LD, Bitler BG, Santiago ML, Sawyer SL, Chuong EB. Regulation of human interferon signaling by transposon exonization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557241. [PMID: 37745311 PMCID: PMC10515820 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune signaling is essential for clearing pathogens and damaged cells, and must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive inflammation or autoimmunity. Here, we found that the alternative splicing of exons derived from transposable elements is a key mechanism controlling immune signaling in human cells. By analyzing long-read transcriptome datasets, we identified numerous transposon exonization events predicted to generate functional protein variants of immune genes, including the type I interferon receptor IFNAR2. We demonstrated that the transposon-derived isoform of IFNAR2 is more highly expressed than the canonical isoform in almost all tissues, and functions as a decoy receptor that potently inhibits interferon signaling including in cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. Our findings uncover a primate-specific axis controlling interferon signaling and show how a transposon exonization event can be co-opted for immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Irene Maria Pasquesi
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303
| | - Holly Allen
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
| | - Atma Ivancevic
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
| | - Arturo Barbachano-Guerrero
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
| | - Olivia Joyner
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
| | - Kejun Guo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - David M. Simpson
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
| | - Keala Gapin
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
| | - Isabella Horton
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
| | - Lily Nguyen
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Qing Yang
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Cody J. Warren
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Liliana D. Florea
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Benjamin G. Bitler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Sara L. Sawyer
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
| | - Edward B. Chuong
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303
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4
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Ren W, Zhao L, Sun Y, Wang X, Shi X. HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors: potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. Mol Med 2023; 29:117. [PMID: 37667233 PMCID: PMC10478470 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1, a nucleoprotein, is expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells. During cell activation and cell death, HMGB1 can function as an alarm protein (alarmin) or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and mediate early inflammatory and immune response when it is translocated to the extracellular space. The binding of extracellular HMGB1 to Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as TLR2 and TLR4 transforms HMGB1 into a pro-inflammatory cytokine, contributing to the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. TLRs, which are members of a family of pattern recognition receptors, can bind to endogenous DAMPs and activate the innate immune response. Additionally, TLRs are key signaling molecules mediating the immune response and play a critical role in the host defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune balance. HMGB1 and TLRs are reported to be upregulated in several autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune thyroid disease. The expression levels of HMGB1 and some TLRs are upregulated in tissues of patients with autoimmune diseases and animal models of autoimmune diseases. The suppression of HMGB1 and TLRs inhibits the progression of inflammation in animal models. Thus, HMGB1 and TLRs are indispensable biomarkers and important therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. This review provides comprehensive strategies for treating or preventing autoimmune diseases discovered in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xichang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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5
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Londe AC, Fernandez-Ruiz R, Julio PR, Appenzeller S, Niewold TB. Type I Interferons in Autoimmunity: Implications in Clinical Phenotypes and Treatment Response. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:1103-1113. [PMID: 37399470 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2022-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) is thought to play a role in many systemic autoimmune diseases. IFN-I pathway activation is associated with pathogenic features, including the presence of autoantibodies and clinical phenotypes such as more severe disease with increased disease activity and damage. We will review the role and potential drivers of IFN-I dysregulation in 5 prototypic autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. We will also discuss current therapeutic strategies that directly or indirectly target the IFN-I system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Londe
- A.C. Londe, MSc, Autoimmunity Lab, and Graduate Program in Physiopathology, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruth Fernandez-Ruiz
- R. Fernandez-Ruiz, MD, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paulo Rogério Julio
- P. Rogério Julio, MSc, Autoimmunity Lab, and Graduate Program of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- S. Appenzeller, MD, PhD, Autoimmunity Lab, and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- T.B. Niewold, MD, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
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6
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Huang J, Xu Y. Autoimmunity: A New Focus on Nasal Polyps. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098444. [PMID: 37176151 PMCID: PMC10179643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has long been considered a benign, chronic inflammatory, and hyperplastic disease. Recent studies have shown that autoimmune-related mechanisms are involved in the pathology of nasal polyps. Activated plasma cells, eosinophils, basophils, innate type 2 lymphocytes, mast cells, and proinflammatory cytokine in polyp tissue indicate the mobilization of innate and adaptive immune pathways during polyp formation. The discovery of a series of autoantibodies further supports the autoimmune nature of nasal polyps. Local homeostasis dysregulation, infection, and chronic inflammation may trigger autoimmunity through several mechanisms, including autoantigens overproduction, microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, superantigens, activation or inhibition of receptors, bystander activation, dysregulation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), epitope spreading, autoantigens complementarity. In this paper, we elaborated on the microbiome-mediated mechanism, abnormal host immunity, and genetic changes to update the role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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7
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Jiang SZ, To JL, Hughes MR, McNagny KM, Kim H. Platelet signaling at the nexus of innate immunity and rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977828. [PMID: 36505402 PMCID: PMC9732516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial tissues and progressive destruction of bone and cartilage. The inflammatory response and subsequent tissue degradation are orchestrated by complex signaling networks between immune cells and their products in the blood, vascular endothelia and the connective tissue cells residing in the joints. Platelets are recognized as immune-competent cells with an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA. Here we review the specific aspects of platelet function relevant to arthritic disease, including current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between platelets and other innate immune cells that modulate RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Z. Jiang
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L. To
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,*Correspondence: Hugh Kim,
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8
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Duan T, Du Y, Xing C, Wang HY, Wang RF. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2022. [PMID: 35309296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host's defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Payet CA, You A, Fayet OM, Dragin N, Berrih-Aknin S, Le Panse R. Myasthenia Gravis: An Acquired Interferonopathy? Cells 2022; 11:cells11071218. [PMID: 35406782 PMCID: PMC8997999 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease mediated by antibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction, particularly the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The thymus plays a primary role in AChR-MG patients. In early-onset AChR-MG and thymoma-associated MG, an interferon type I (IFN-I) signature is clearly detected in the thymus. The origin of this chronic IFN-I expression in the thymus is not yet defined. IFN-I subtypes are normally produced in response to viral infection. However, genetic diseases called interferonopathies are associated with an aberrant chronic production of IFN-I defined as sterile inflammation. Some systemic autoimmune diseases also share common features with interferonopathies. This review aims to analyze the pathogenic role of IFN-I in these diseases as compared to AChR-MG in order to determine if AChR-MG could be an acquired interferonopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé A Payet
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Axel You
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Odessa-Maud Fayet
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nadine Dragin
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
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10
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Pathway Phenotypes Underpinning Depression, Anxiety, and Chronic Fatigue Symptoms Due to Acute Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Precision Nomothetic Psychiatry Analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030476. [PMID: 35330475 PMCID: PMC8950237 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorder which affects the joints in the wrists, fingers, and knees. RA is often associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)-like symptoms. This paper examines the association between depressive symptoms (measured with the Beck Depression Inventory, BDI), anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, HAMA), CFS-like (Fibro-fatigue Scale) symptoms and immune–inflammatory, autoimmune, and endogenous opioid system (EOS) markers, and lactosylcer-amide (CD17) in RA. The serum biomarkers were assayed in 118 RA and 50 healthy controls. Results were analyzed using the new precision nomothetic psychiatry approach. We found significant correlations between the BDI, FF, and HAMA scores and severity of RA, as assessed with the DAS28-4, clinical and disease activity indices, the number of tender and swollen joints, and patient and evaluator global assessment scores. Partial least squares analysis showed that 69.7% of the variance in this common core underpinning psychopathology and RA symptoms was explained by immune–inflammatory pathways, rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, CD17, and mu-opioid receptor levels. We constructed a new endophenotype class comprising patients with very high immune–inflammatory markers, CD17, RA, affective and CF-like symptoms, and tobacco use disorder. We extracted a reliable and replicable latent vector (pathway phenotype) from immune data, psychopathology, and RA-severity scales. Depression, anxiety, and CFS-like symptoms due to RA are manifestations of the phenome of RA and are mediated by the effects of the same immune–inflammatory, autoimmune, and other pathways that underpin the pathophysiology of RA.
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11
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Duan T, Du Y, Xing C, Wang HY, Wang RF. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812774. [PMID: 35309296 PMCID: PMC8927970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host's defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Shimagami H, Yamaguchi Y, Kato Y, Kumanogoh A. Marked increase of interferon-β after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination: a case of polyarthritis with pleurisy. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e246533. [PMID: 35236680 PMCID: PMC8895906 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Exacerbation of rheumatic disease after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is being reported. However, there are only a few cases of new-onset rheumatic diseases. We present two cases of new-onset persistent polyarthritis that developed in patients after receiving the mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. One patient had bilateral pleural effusions with markedly elevated serum interferon (IFN)-β, while the other had no effusion, with serum IFN-β comparable with that in healthy subjects. Other cytokines were unaltered in association with effusion. Both patients responded well to treatment with 20 mg prednisolone. Although more investigations are needed, the marked increase in serum IFN-β levels observed in the case with pleural effusion may reflect an excessive response from the innate immune system to mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Papadopoulos VE, Skarlis C, Evangelopoulos ME, Mavragani CP. Type I interferon detection in autoimmune diseases: challenges and clinical applications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:883-903. [PMID: 34096436 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1939686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating data highlights that the dysregulation of type I interferon (IFN) pathways plays a central role in the pathogenesis of several systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Advances in understanding the role of type I IFNs in these disorders can lead to targeted drug development as well as establishing potential disease biomarkers. AREAS COVERED Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of type I IFNs in the major systemic, as well as organ-specific, autoimmune disorders, including prominent inflammatory CNS disorders like multiple sclerosis. EXPERT OPINION Type I IFN involvement and its clinical associations in a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases represents a promising area for research aiming to unveil common pathogenetic pathways in systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis E Papadopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Skarlis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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14
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Han L, Tu S, Shen P, Yan J, Huang Y, Ba X, Li T, Lin W, Li H, Yu K, Guo J, Huang Y, Qin K, Wang Y, Chen Z. A comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of alternate interferon signaling pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20511-20533. [PMID: 34432649 PMCID: PMC8436925 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) signaling pathways play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Prior studies have mainly studied mixed alterations in the IFN signaling pathway in RA, but these studies have not been sufficient to elucidate how imbalanced IFN signaling subtly influences immune cells. Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing makes it possible to better understand the alternations in the interferon signaling pathways in RA. In the present study, we found that IFN signaling pathways were activated in natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, T cells, B cells, and most immune cell subclasses in RA. We then explored and analyzed the connections between abnormal IFN signaling pathways and cellular functional changes in RA. Single-Cell rEgulatory Network Inference and Clustering (SCENIC) analysis and gene regulatory network (GRN) construction were also performed to identify key transcription factors in RA. Finally, we also investigated altered IFN signaling pathways in multiple RA peripheral blood samples, which indicated that abnormal IFN signaling pathways were universally observed in RA. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the delicate and precise regulation of IFN signaling in the immune system in RA. Furthermore, common alternations in IFN signaling pathway-related transcription factors could help to identify novel therapeutic targets for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan Biobank, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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15
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Ike RW, Kalunian KC. Will rheumatologists ever pick up the arthroscope again? Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:1235-1246. [PMID: 34323382 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Conditions prompting physicians and surgeons first adapting endoscopes to peer into joints were mainly the sort of synovial conditions that would concern today's rheumatologists. Rheumatologists were among the pre-World War II pioneers developing and documenting arthroscopy. The post-War father of modern arthroscopy, Watanabe, found rheumatologists among his early students, who took back the technique to their home countries, teaching orthopedists and rheumatologists alike. Rheumatologists described and analyzed the intra-articular features of their common diseases in the '60s and '70s. A groundswell of interest from academic rheumatologists in adapting arthroscopy grew considerably in the '90s with development of "needle scopes" that could be used in an office setting. Rheumatologists helped conduct the very trials the findings of which reduced demand for their arthroscopic services by questioning the efficacy of arthroscopic debridement in osteoarthritis (OA) and also developing biological compounds that greatly reduced the call for any resective intervention in inflammatory arthropathies. The arthroscope has proven an excellent tool for viewing and sampling synovium and continues to serve this purpose at several international research centers. While cartilage is now imaged mainly by magnetic resonance imaging, some OA features - such as a high prevalence of visible calcinosis - beg further arthroscopy-directed investigation. A new generation of "needle scopes" with far superior optics awaits future investigators, should they develop interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Ike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth C Kalunian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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16
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Chasset F, Dayer JM, Chizzolini C. Type I Interferons in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Distinguishing Between Afferent and Efferent Functions for Precision Medicine and Individualized Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633821. [PMID: 33986670 PMCID: PMC8112244 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A sustained increase in type I interferon (IFN-I) may accompany clinical manifestations and disease activity in systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs). Despite the very frequent presence of IFN-I in SADs, clinical manifestations are extremely varied between and within SADs. The present short review will address the following key questions associated with high IFN-I in SADs in the perspective of precision medicine. 1) What are the mechanisms leading to high IFN-I? 2) What are the predisposing conditions favoring high IFN-I production? 3) What is the role of IFN-I in the development of distinct clinical manifestations within SADs? 4) Would therapeutic strategies targeting IFN-I be helpful in controlling or even preventing SADs? In answering these questions, we will underlie areas of incertitude and the intertwined role of autoantibodies, immune complexes, and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chasset
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dayer
- Emeritus Professor of Medicine, School of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Chizzolini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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I S A, Krishnan S, Peter J, Sabu V, Helen A. Scientific validation of anti-arthritic effect of Kashayams - A polyherbal formulation in collagen induced arthritic rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:20-27. [PMID: 30660454 PMCID: PMC8039352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) mediates activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) resulting in induction of proinflammatory genes such as that encoding tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) which played a significant role in cartilage destruction of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Low risk and better efficacy made herbal drugs more reliable than nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in RA treatment. Gugguluthiktam Kashayam (GuK), Punarnavadi Kashayam (PuK) and Balaguluchiadi Kashayam (BgK) are ayurvedic polyherbal formulations prescribed in classical ayurvedic texts Sahasrayogam and Ashtangahridayam as medicines for the treatment of RA. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of anti-arthritic effect of these Kashayams on TLR-4 signal transduction pathway in collagen induced arthritic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The wistar rats grouped into group I - Normal, group II- Collagen induced arthritis (CIA), group III- CIA + BgK, group IV- CIA + PuK, group V- CIA + GuK, group VI - CIA + Indomethacin (3 mg/kg b.wt.). Treatment with Kashayam (2 ml/kg b.wt) started after 14 days of primary immunization with type II collagen and continued for a period of 45 days. RESULTS Arthritis index, C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum and protein level of TLR-4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88), NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) in cartilage were significantly elevated in CIA rats. Further, treatment with Kashayams downregulated all these inflammatory mediators hitherto TLR-4-NF-kB signal transduction pathway except IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine which showed a reverse effect. CONCLUSION This molecular mechanism of the investigation confirmed the clinical efficacy of Kashayams in preventing the progression of RA and gave an intuition of the scientific validation of Kashayams, an Ayurvedic classical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy I S
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Santhi Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Jasmine Peter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Vidya Sabu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - A Helen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India.
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18
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Jung JY, Kim JW, Suh CH, Kim HA. Roles of Interactions Between Toll-Like Receptors and Their Endogenous Ligands in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Adult-Onset Still's Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583513. [PMID: 33224145 PMCID: PMC7674197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) are systemic inflammatory disorders that manifest as high-spiking fever, joint pain, evanescent skin rash, and organomegaly. Their pathogenesis is unclear, but inflammation is triggered by activation of the innate immune system with aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines. Along with extrinsic factors, intrinsic pathways can trigger an unexpected immune response. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) induce the activation of innate immune cells, leading to sterile inflammation in systemic JIA and AOSD. These endogenous proteins interact with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are pattern recognition receptors, and mediate immune signaling following stimulation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and DAMPs. Several DAMPs, such as S100 proteins, play a role in the development or severity of systemic JIA and AOSD, in which their interactions with TLRs are altered. Also, the expression levels of genes encoding DAMPs contribute to the susceptibility to systemic JIA and AOSD. Herein, we review reports that TLR and DAMP signaling initiates and/or maintains the inflammatory response in systemic JIA and AOSD, and their correlations with the clinical characteristics of those diseases. In addition, we assess their utility as biomarkers or therapeutics for systemic JIA and AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
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19
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Duan H, Zhai KF, Khan GJ, Zhou J, Cao TY, Wu YQ, Zhou YR, Cao WG, Gao GZ, Shan LL. Revealing the Synergistic Mechanism of Multiple Components in Compound Fengshiding Capsule for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics by Network Pharmacology. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:303-314. [PMID: 30950348 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190405094125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound Fengshiding capsule (CFC), is a Chinese formulation from herbal origin including Alangium platanifolium, Angelicae dahurica, Cynanchum paniculatum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. CFC is widely used as clinical therapy against rheumatoid arthritis. However, its exact mechanism of action has not been explored yet. METHODS In order to explore the synergistic mechanism of CFC, we designed a study adopting network pharmacology scheme to screen the action targets in relation to the CFC components. The study analyses target facts of salicin, paeonol, liquiritin and imperatorin from PubMed database, and explores the potential pharmacological targets of rheumatoid arthritis, cervical neuralgia and sciatica related diseases for their interaction. RESULTS The results of boosted metabolic pathway showed that the chemical components of CFC interrupted many immune-related pathways, thus participating in immunity regulation of the body and playing a role in the treatment of rheumatism. Collectively, CFC has apoptotic, oxidative stress modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects that accumulatively serve for its clinical application against rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION Conclusively, our findings from present study reconnoiters and compacts systematic theoretical approach by utilizing the network pharmacology mechanism of four effective components for the treatment of rheumatism indicating sufficient potential drug targets associated with CFC against rheumatism. These interesting findings entreaties for further in vitro and in vivo studies on the mechanism of compound active ingredient against rheumatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Duan
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Ke-Feng Zhai
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ghulam J Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Ting-Yan Cao
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wu
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhou
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Wen-Gen Cao
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Gao
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Ling-Ling Shan
- Suzhou Engineering and Technological Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, United States
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20
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Edilova MI, Akram A, Abdul-Sater AA. Innate immunity drives pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed J 2020; 44:172-182. [PMID: 32798211 PMCID: PMC8178572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting ∼1% of the general population. This disease is characterized by persistent articular inflammation and joint damage driven by the proliferating synovial tissue fibroblasts as well as neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte trafficking into the synovium. The factors leading to RA pathogenesis remain poorly elucidated although genetic and environmental factors have been proposed to be the main contributors to RA. The majority of the early studies focused on the role of lymphocytes and adaptive immune responses in RA. However, in the past two decades, emerging studies showed that the innate immune system plays a critical role in the onset and progression of RA pathogenesis. Various innate immune cells including monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells are involved in inflammatory responses seen in RA patients as well as in driving the activation of the adaptive immune system, which plays a major role in the later stages of the disease. Here we focus the discussion on the role of different innate immune cells and components in initiation and progression of RA. New therapeutic approaches targeting different inflammatory pathways and innate immune cells will be highlighted here. Recent emergence and the significant roles of innate lymphoid cells and inflammasomes will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Edilova
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Akram
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario Canada; The University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
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21
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A peptide derived from the core β-sheet region of TIRAP decoys TLR4 and reduces inflammatory and autoimmune symptoms in murine models. EBioMedicine 2020; 52:102645. [PMID: 32014819 PMCID: PMC6997517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TLRs are some of the actively pursued drug-targets in immune disorders. Owing to a recent surge in the cognizance of TLR structural biology and signalling pathways, numerous therapeutic modulators, ranging from low-molecular-weight organic compounds to polypeptides and nucleic acid agents have been developed. METHODS A penetratin-conjugated small peptide (TIP3), derived from the core β-sheet of TIRAP, was evaluated in vitro by monitoring the TLR-mediated cytokine induction and quantifying the protein expression using western blot. The therapeutic potential of TIP3 was further evaluated in TLR-dependent in vivo disease models. FINDINGS TIP3 blocks the TLR4-mediated cytokine production through both the MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathways. A similar inhibitory-effect was exhibited for TLR3 but not on other TLRs. A profound therapeutic effect was observed in vivo, where TIP3 successfully alleviated the inflammatory response in mice model of collagen-induced arthritis and ameliorated the disease symptoms in psoriasis and SLE models. INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that TIP3 may be a potential lead candidate for the development of effective therapeutics against TLR-mediated autoimmune disorders. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019M3A9A8065098, 2019M3D1A1078940 and 2019R1A6A1A11051471). The funders did not have any role in the design of the present study, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or the writing of the manuscript.
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22
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Zhu H, Fu J, Chen S, Li X, Liang H, Hou Y, Dou H. FC-99 reduces macrophage tenascin-C expression by upregulating miRNA-494 in arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106105. [PMID: 31881378 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The excessive production of inflammatory mediators by inflammatory cells contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Tenascin-C (TN-C) is expressed in rheumatoid joint, and is associated with levels of inflammatory mediators. FC-99 (N1-[(4-methoxy)methyl]-4-methyl-1,2-Benzenediamine), a novel 1,2-benzenediamine derivative, was previously reported to block the prolonged expression of key rheumatoid arthritis inflammatory cytokines and relieve zymosan-induced joint inflammation. However, the specific mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of FC-99 on TN-C expression and inflammation and investigate its possible molecular mechanism. The results showed that FC-99 treatment reduced the high expression of TN-C in ankle joints of arthritis mice. Besides, FC-99 reduced the increased number of macrophages in arthritis mice, while did not change the number of synovioblasts. Concomitantly, expression of TN-C in synovial fibroblasts exhibited no difference between control and ZIA groups, and was not apparently altered following FC-99 treatment, while FC-99 decreased TN-C expression in macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, TargetScan and luciferase assays indicated that TN-C was negatively regulated by miR-494. Transfection assay further demonstrated that FC-99 inhibited TN-C by targeting miR-494. Furthermore, the reduction of miR-494 mimic on expression of TN-C was associated with NF-κB pathway. Similarly, the down-regulation of FC-99 on TN-C was considerably decreased when NF-κB pathway was inhibited. These results indicated that FC-99 relieved macrophages inflammation via the miR-494/TN-C/NF-κB pathway, finally leading to the relief of inflammation in arthritis. The findings suggested that FC-99 might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Juanhua Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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23
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Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway plays an important role in pathogen-induced activation of the innate immune response. The 29-kDa amino-terminal fibronectin fragment (29-kDa FN-f) found predominantly in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis (OA) patients increases the expression of catabolic factors via the toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated whether 29-kDa FN-f induces inflammatory responses via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway in human primary chondrocytes. The levels of cGAS and STING were elevated in OA cartilage compared with normal cartilage. Long-term treatment of chondrocytes with 29-kDa FN-f activated the cGAS/STING pathway together with the increased level of gamma-H2AX, a marker of DNA breaks. In addition, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF/CSF-2), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF/CSF-3), and type I interferon (IFN-α), was increased more than 100-fold in 29-kDa FN-f-treated chondrocytes. However, knockdown of cGAS and STING suppressed 29-kDa FN-f-induced expression of GM-CSF, G-CSF, and IFN-α together with the decreased activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and inhibitor protein κBα (IκBα). Furthermore, NOD2 or TLR-2 knockdown suppressed the expression of GM-CSF, G-CSF, and IFN-α as well as decreased the activation of the cGAS/STING pathway in 29-kDa FN-f-treated chondrocytes. These data demonstrate that the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway plays a critical role in 29-kDa FN-f-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Hwang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea
| | - Min Ha Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea
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Achek A, Shah M, Seo JY, Kwon HK, Gui X, Shin HJ, Cho EY, Lee BS, Kim DJ, Lee SH, Yoo TH, Kim MS, Choi S. Linear and Rationally Designed Stapled Peptides Abrogate TLR4 Pathway and Relieve Inflammatory Symptoms in Rheumatoid Arthritis Rat Model. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6495-6511. [PMID: 31283217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A mounting evidence exists for the despicable role of the aberrant immune response in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can activate synovial fibroblasts that lead to the chronic inflammation and joint destruction, thus making TLR4 a potent drug target in RA. We report that novel TLR4-antagonizing peptide, PIP2, inhibits the induction of inflammatory biomarkers in vitro as well as in vivo. Systemically, PIP2 inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-elicited TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 in a mouse model. The rationally designed cyclic derivative, cPIP2, is capable of inhibiting LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines at significantly lower concentration as compared to PIP2 (PIP2 IC50 = 20 μM, cPIP2 IC50 = 5 μM). Finally, cPIP2 was able to relieve the inflammatory symptoms and synovial tissue destruction in the RA rat model. Cumulatively, these data suggest that PIP2 and cPIP2 hold strong promise for the development of peptide-based immunotherapeutics that could be of great value in curbing TLR-related immune complications including RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Achek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Masaud Shah
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Ji Young Seo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Hyuk-Kwon Kwon
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8071 , United States
| | - Xiangai Gui
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jun Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Eun-Young Cho
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Byeong Sung Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine , Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong , Seoul 05278 , Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine , Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong , Seoul 05278 , Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon Yoo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Moon Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
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25
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Crow MK, Ronnblom L. Type I interferons in host defence and inflammatory diseases. Lupus Sci Med 2019; 6:e000336. [PMID: 31205729 PMCID: PMC6541752 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2019-000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) can have dual and opposing roles in immunity, with effects that are beneficial or detrimental to the individual depending on whether IFN pathway activation is transient or sustained. Determinants of IFN production and its functional consequences include the nature of the microbial or nucleic acid stimulus, the type of nucleic acid sensor involved in inducing IFN, the predominant subtype of type I IFN produced and the immune ecology of the tissue at the time of IFN expression. When dysregulated, the type I IFN system drives many autoimmune and non-autoimmune inflammatory diseases, including SLE and the tissue inflammation associated with chronic infection. The type I IFN system may also contribute to outcomes for patients affected by solid cancers or myocardial infarction. Significantly more research is needed to discern the mechanisms of induction and response to type I IFNs across these diseases, and patient endophenotyping may help determine whether the cytokine is acting as 'friend' or 'foe', within a particular patient, and at the time of treatment. This review summarises key concepts and discussions from the second International Summit on Interferons in Inflammatory Diseases, during which expert clinicians and scientists evaluated the evidence for the role of type I IFNs in autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Lars Ronnblom
- Section of Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Li H, Liu P, Gong Y, Liu J, Ruan F. Expression and function of miR-155 in rat synovial fibroblast model of rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:786-792. [PMID: 31258713 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by joint synovial inflammation and is a challenge for researchers and clinicians. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) represent a group of small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA expression and are involved in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune and metabolic diseases, as well as neurological disorders. In the present study, various experiments were performed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of miR-155 in RA using rat synoviocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to model rheumatoid arthritis. It was revealed that synovial fibroblasts exhibited significantly higher miR-155 mRNA levels than the control group. Compared with the RA group, the viability of synovial fibroblasts was significantly decreased in the miR-155 mimics + RA group, but markedly increased in the miR-155 inhibitor + RA group. Compared with that in the RA + NC mimic or RA + NC inhibitor groups, the apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts increased significantly in the miR-155 mimics + RA group, but was significantly decreased in the miR-155 inhibitor + RA group. The miR-155 mimics + RA group exhibited higher expression levels of β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase 7 and cyclin D1 compared with the miR-155 inhibitor + RA group, and the glycogen synthase kinase protein levels was lower compared with the miR-155 inhibitor + RA group. In brief, it was inferred that the Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the miR-155-associated inhibition of RA synovial fibroblast viability and induction of cell apoptosis. Inhibition of miR-155 may be an effective treatment for RA through regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway to reduce cell apoptosis and enhance cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, P.R. China
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27
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Lombardi A, Tsomos E, Hammerstad SS, Tomer Y. Interferon alpha: The key trigger of type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2018; 94:7-15. [PMID: 30115527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IFNα is a cytokine essential to a vast array of immunologic processes. Its induction early in the innate immune response provides a priming mechanism that orchestrates numerous subsequent pathways in innate and adaptive immunity. Despite its beneficial effects in viral infections IFNα has been reported to be associated with several autoimmune diseases including autoimmune thyroid disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, primary biliary cholangitis, and recently emerged as a major cytokine that triggers Type 1 Diabetes. In this review, we dissect the role of IFNα in T1D, focusing on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Evidence from human and mouse studies indicates that IFNα plays a key role in enhancing islet expression of HLA-I in patients with T1D, thereby increasing autoantigen presentation and beta cell activation of autoreactive cytotoxic CD8 T-lymphocytes. The binding of IFNα to its receptor induces the secretion of chemokines, attracting monocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells to the infected tissue triggering autoimmunity in susceptible individuals. Furthermore, IFNα impairs insulin production through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as by impairing mitochondrial function. Due to its central role in the early phases of beta cell death, targeting IFNα and its pathways in genetically predisposed individuals may represent a potential novel therapeutic strategy in the very early stages of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Effie Tsomos
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sara S Hammerstad
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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28
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Yu FY, Xie CQ, Jiang CL, Sun JT, Huang XW. TNF‑α increases inflammatory factor expression in synovial fibroblasts through the toll‑like receptor‑3‑mediated ERK/AKT signaling pathway in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8475-8483. [PMID: 29693122 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a type of joint disease that may lead to other joint diseases. Previous research has demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α is associated with osteoarthritis activity and pathology. The possible mechanisms of the TNF‑α‑mediated signaling pathway have not been clearly elaborated in synovial fibroblasts. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of TNF‑α in a mouse model of iodoacetate‑induced osteoarthritis. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the role of TNF‑α in the progression of osteoarthritis. The results revealed that the serum levels of TNF‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑4 and IL‑6 were significantly upregulated in a mouse model of iodoacetate‑induced osteoarthritis compared with healthy mice (P<0.01). TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑4 and IL‑6 mRNA and protein levels were also significantly upregulated in synovial fibroblasts in the experimental mice (P<0.01). It was demonstrated that TNF‑α increased pro‑inflammation factors matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑3, MMP‑9, nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and receptor activator of NF‑κB ligand (RANKL) in synovial fibroblasts. It was also observed that the toll‑like receptor (TLR)‑3 was significantly upregulated and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) were significantly downregulated in synovial fibroblasts in osteoarthritis mice (P<0.01). An in vitro assay demonstrated that TNF‑α inhibitor decreased mRNA and protein levels of IL‑1β, IL‑4 and IL‑6 in synovial fibroblasts. The knockdown of TLR‑3 abolished the TNF‑α upregulated mRNA and protein levels of IL‑1β, IL‑4 and IL‑6 in synovial fibroblasts. In addition, the knockdown of TLR‑3 also reversed TNF‑α‑upregulated ERK and AKT expression in synovial fibroblasts. In vivo assays demonstrated that TNF‑α inhibitor significantly decreased the deposition of IL‑1β, IL‑4 and IL‑6 as well as bone destruction and significantly increased the body weight and osteoarthritis score for osteoarthritic mice (P<0.01). TNF‑α inhibitor decreased TLR‑3 and significantly increased the expression and phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in articular cartilage (P<0.01). In conclusion the results of the present study indicate that TNF‑α serves an essential role in synovial fibroblasts in osteoarthritis, suggesting that inhibition of TNF‑α may decrease inflammation via the TLR‑3‑mediated ERK/AKT signaling pathway in a mouse model of monosodium iodoacetate‑induced osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Qin Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Liang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Tong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xun-Wu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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29
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Abstract
The type I interferon pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, myositis, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In normal immune responses, type I interferons have a critical role in the defence against viruses, yet in many rheumatic diseases, large subgroups of patients demonstrate persistent activation of the type I interferon pathway. Genetic variations in type I interferon-related genes are risk factors for some rheumatic diseases, and can explain some of the heterogeneity in type I interferon responses seen between patients within a given disease. Inappropriate activation of the immune response via Toll-like receptors and other nucleic acid sensors also contributes to the dysregulation of the type I interferon pathway in a number of rheumatic diseases. Theoretically, differences in type I interferon activity between patients might predict response to immune-based therapies, as has been demonstrated for rheumatoid arthritis. A number of type I interferon and type I interferon pathway blocking therapies are currently in clinical trials, the results of which are promising thus far. This Review provides an overview of the many ways in which the type I interferon system affects rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L. Wampler Muskardin
- Colton Center for Autoimmunity, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy B. Niewold
- Colton Center for Autoimmunity, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Cavalcante P, Barzago C, Baggi F, Antozzi C, Maggi L, Mantegazza R, Bernasconi P. Toll-like receptors 7 and 9 in myasthenia gravis thymus: amplifiers of autoimmunity? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1413:11-24. [PMID: 29363775 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen infections and dysregulated Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immune responses are suspected to play key roles in autoimmunity. Among TLRs, TLR7 and TLR9 have been implicated in several autoimmune conditions, mainly because of their ability to promote abnormal B cell activation and survival. Recently, we provided evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persistence and reactivation in the thymus of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients, suggesting an involvement of EBV in the intrathymic pathogenesis of the disease. Considerable data highlight the existence of pathogenic crosstalk among EBV, TLR7, and TLR9: EBV elicits TLR7/9 signaling, which in turn can enhance B cell dysfunction and autoimmunity. In this article, after a brief summary of data demonstrating TLR activation in MG thymus, we provide an overview on the contribution of TLR7 and TLR9 to autoimmune diseases and discuss our recent findings indicating a pivotal role for these two receptors, along with EBV, in driving, perpetuating, and/or amplifying intrathymic B cell dysregulation and autoimmune responses in MG. Development of therapeutic approaches targeting TLR7 and TLR9 signaling could be a novel strategy for treating the chronic inflammatory autoimmune process in myasthenia gravis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cavalcante
- Neurology IV, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Barzago
- Neurology IV, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Baggi
- Neurology IV, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Antozzi
- Neurology IV, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neurology IV, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neurology IV, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Pia Bernasconi
- Neurology IV, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
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31
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Boor PPC, de Ruiter PE, Asmawidjaja PS, Lubberts E, van der Laan LJW, Kwekkeboom J. JAK-inhibitor tofacitinib suppresses interferon alfa production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and inhibits arthrogenic and antiviral effects of interferon alfa. Transl Res 2017; 188:67-79. [PMID: 27931982 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor that is effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and shows encouraging therapeutic effects in several other autoimmune diseases. A prominent adverse effect of tofacitinib therapy is the increased risk of viral infections. Despite its advanced stage of clinical development, the modes of action that mediate the beneficial and adverse effects of tofacitinib in autoimmune diseases remain unclear. Interferon alfa (IFNα) produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) is critically involved in the pathogenesis of many systemic autoimmune diseases and in immunity to viral infections. Using in vitro culture models with human cells, we studied the effects of tofacitinib on PDC survival and IFNα production, and on arthrogenic and antiviral effects of IFNα. Tofacitinib inhibited the expression of antiapoptotic BCL-A1 and BCL-XL in human PDC and induced PDC apoptosis. TLR7 stimulation upregulated the levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members and prevented the induction of PDC apoptosis by tofacitinib. However, tofacitinib robustly inhibited the production of IFNα by toll like receptor-stimulated PDC. In addition, tofacitinib profoundly suppressed IFNα-induced upregulation of TLR3 on synovial fibroblasts, thereby inhibiting their cytokine and protease production in response to TLR3 ligation. Finally, tofacitinib counteracted the suppressive effects of IFNα on viral replication. Tofacitinib inhibits PDC survival and IFNα production and suppresses arthrogenic and antiviral effects of IFNα signaling. Inhibition of the IFNα pathway at 2 levels may contribute to the beneficial effects of tofacitinib in autoimmune diseases and explain the increased viral infection rates observed during tofacitinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P C Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Petra E de Ruiter
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick S Asmawidjaja
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Zheng F, Yu X, Huang J, Dai Y. Circular RNA expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients, based on microarray chip technology. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8029-8036. [PMID: 28983619 PMCID: PMC5779885 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovial inflammation and finally leads to variable degrees of bone and cartilage erosion. The diagnosis of RA is not an accurate indicator, but a series of scores and the mechanisms underlying it remain only partially understood. The present study explored whether circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute to the RA pathophysiological mechanism. Total RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 10 RA patients and 10 healthy controls were extracted and circRNA expression profiling was followed by microarray analysis. In addition, circRNA interactions with microRNAs were performed and microRNA response elements were listed to identify differentially expressed binding site targets in RA. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-qPCR) was used to verify the differential expression of circRNAs. A total of 584 circRNAs were differentially expressed in RA patients vs. healthy controls, by circRNA microarray, including 255 circRNAs which were significantly upregulated and 329 downregulated among the RA samples. RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that the expression levels of hsa_circRNA_104194, hsa_circRNA_104593, hsa_circRNA_103334, hsa_circRNA_101407 and hsa_circRNA_102594 were consistent with the results from the microarray analysis. The current study presented differentially expressed circRNAs and their corresponding microRNA binding sites in RA. circRNAs may exhibit a role in the regulation of expression of symbol genes that influence the occurrence and development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqi Yu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jiahuang Huang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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33
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Li H, Guan S, Lu Y, Wang F, Liu Y, Liu Q. Retracted
: Genetic deletion of GIT2 prolongs functional recovery and suppresses chondrocyte differentiation in rats with rheumatoid arthritis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1538-1547. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanP. R. China
| | - Shi‐Bing Guan
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanP. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology SurgeryShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanP. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangP. R. China
| | - Yu‐Hong Liu
- Department of RheumatologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Qi‐Yun Liu
- Department of RheumatologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
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Tripathy A, Khanna S, Padhan P, Smita S, Raghav S, Gupta B. Direct recognition of LPS drive TLR4 expressing CD8 + T cell activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:933. [PMID: 28424490 PMCID: PMC5430440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant immune responses characterize autoimmune disorders like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) wherein lymphocytes are recognized as key players. Role of CD8+ T cells in RA has been less defined however we found that these cells are activated in RA patients with increased expression of cytolytic granules and inflammatory mediators thereby modulating immune responses contributing to disease severity. Though unconventional expression of different Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) on CD8+ T cells has been proposed but their expression and role in T cell activation and differentiation in RA still remains obscure. Herein we report, for the first time, an increased expression of TLR4 on peripheral CD8+ T cells of RA patients and its role in skewing CD8+ T cells towards activated and inflammatory phenotype thereby playing a significant role in pathogenesis and progression of RA. We found that the surface expression of TLR4 on CD8+ T cells directly correlates with disease severity. Moreover, these CD8+ T cells respond to the TLR4 ligand LPS and express robust amounts of cytotolytic and inflammatory molecules including TNFα and IFNγ. Our study hence identifies an important role for CD8+ T cells in orchestrating RA through TLR4 mediated activation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Tripathy
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shweta Khanna
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanta Padhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sunil Raghav
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Dysregulation of signaling pathways associated with innate antibacterial immunity in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:404-418. [PMID: 28450804 PMCID: PMC5382886 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of innate antibacterial response are of fundamental importance in the development of gastrointestinal cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Multi-regulatory properties of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (e.g., regulation of proliferation, the activity of NF-κB, gene transcription of apoptosis proteins, regulation of angiogenesis, HIF-1α protein expression) are used in experimental studies to better understand the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, for early diagnosis, and for more effective therapeutic intervention. There are known numerous examples of TLR agonists (e.g., TLR2/5 ligands, TLR6, TLR9) of antitumor effect. The direction of these studies is promising, but a small number of them does not allow for an accurate assessment of the impact of TLR expression disorders, proteins of these signaling pathways, or attempts to block or stimulate them, on the results of treatment of pancreatic cancer patients. It is known, however, that the expression disorders of proteins of innate antibacterial response signaling pathways occur not only in tumor tissue but also in peripheral blood leukocytes of pancreatic cancer patients (e.g., increased expression of TLR4, NOD1, TRAF6), which is one of the most important factors facilitating further tumor development. This review mainly focuses on the genetic aspects of signaling pathway disorders associated with innate antibacterial response in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Elshabrawy HA, Essani AE, Szekanecz Z, Fox DA, Shahrara S. TLRs, future potential therapeutic targets for RA. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 16:103-113. [PMID: 27988432 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Toll like receptors (TLR)s have a central role in regulating innate immunity and in the last decade studies have begun to reveal their significance in potentiating autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Earlier investigations have highlighted the importance of TLR2 and TLR4 function in RA pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the newer data that indicate roles for TLR5 and TLR7 in RA and its preclinical models. We evaluate the pathogenicity of TLRs in RA myeloid cells, synovial tissue fibroblasts, T cells, osteoclast progenitor cells and endothelial cells. These observations establish that ligation of TLRs can transform RA myeloid cells into M1 macrophages and that the inflammatory factors secreted from M1 and RA synovial tissue fibroblasts participate in TH-17 cell development. From the investigations conducted in RA preclinical models, we conclude that TLR-mediated inflammation can result in osteoclastic bone erosion by interconnecting the myeloid and TH-17 cell response to joint vascularization. In light of emerging unique aspects of TLR function, we summarize the novel approaches that are being tested to impair TLR activation in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Division of Rheumatology, Jesse Brown VA, Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Abdul E Essani
- Division of Rheumatology, Jesse Brown VA, Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei Str 98, Debrecen H-4004, Hungary
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Division of Rheumatology, Jesse Brown VA, Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Increased expression of Toll-like receptors 7 and 9 in myasthenia gravis thymus characterized by active Epstein-Barr virus infection. Immunobiology 2015; 221:516-27. [PMID: 26723518 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Considerable data implicate the thymus as the main site of autosensitization to the acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis (MG), a B-cell-mediated autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction. We recently demonstrated an active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in the thymus of MG patients, suggesting that EBV might contribute to the onset or maintenance of the autoimmune response within MG thymus, because of its ability to activate and immortalize autoreactive B cells. EBV has been reported to elicit and modulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7- and TLR9-mediated innate immune responses, which are known to favor B-cell dysfunction and autoimmunity. Aim of this study was to investigate whether EBV infection is associated with altered expression of TLR7 and TLR9 in MG thymus. By real-time PCR, we found that TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA levels were significantly higher in EBV-positive MG compared to EBV-negative normal thymuses. By confocal microscopy, high expression levels of TLR7 and TLR9 proteins were observed in B cells and plasma cells of MG thymic germinal centers (GCs) and lymphoid infiltrates, where the two receptors co-localized with EBV antigens. An increased frequency of Ki67-positive proliferating B cells was found in MG thymuses, where we also detected proliferating cells expressing TLR7, TLR9 and EBV antigens, thus supporting the idea that EBV-associated TLR7/9 signaling may promote abnormal B-cell activation and proliferation. Along with B cells and plasma cells, thymic epithelium, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and macrophages exhibited enhanced TLR7 and TLR9 expression in MG thymus; TLR7 was also increased in thymic myeloid dendritic cells and its transcriptional levels positively correlated with those of interferon (IFN)-β. We suggested that TLR7/9 signaling may be involved in antiviral type I IFN production and long-term inflammation in EBV-infected MG thymuses. Our overall findings indicate that EBV-driven TLR7- and TLR9-mediated innate immune responses may participate in the intra-thymic pathogenesis of MG.
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U1-RNP and Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of mixed connective tissue diseasePart II. Endosomal TLRs and their biological significance in the pathogenesis of mixed connective tissue disease. Reumatologia 2015; 53:143-51. [PMID: 27407241 PMCID: PMC4847297 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2015.53136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a chronic autoimmune immunopathological disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by the presence of various clinical symptoms and the presence of autoantibodies against U1-RNP particles. The U1-RNP component engages immune cells and their receptors in a complex network of interactions that ultimately lead to autoimmunity, inflammation, and tissue injury. The anti-U1-RNP autoantibodies form an immune complex with self-RNA, present in MCTD serum, which can act as endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Inhibition of TLRs by nucleic acids is a promising area of research for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against pathogenic infection, tumorigenesis and autoimmunity. In this review we summarize current knowledge of endogenous TLRs and discuss their biological significance in the pathogenesis of MCTD. In part I we described the structure, biological function and significance of the U1-RNP complex in MCTD.
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XIAO GONG, NING WANGBIN, ZHANG CHUNHU, WU SHIYAO, ZUO XIAOXIA. Inhibiting Notch-1 reduces the expression of Toll-like receptor 9 in BABL/C-lpr mouse kidneys and improves glucocorticoid sensitivity. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2765-70. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Pristane primed rat T cells enhance TLR3 expression of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via TNF-α initiated p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Clin Immunol 2015; 156:141-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Type I IFNs as biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis: towards disease profiling and personalized medicine. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 128:449-64. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20140554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RA (rheumatoid arthritis) is a chronic rheumatic condition hallmarked by joint inflammation and destruction by self-reactive immune responses. Clinical management of RA patients is often hampered by its heterogeneous nature in both clinical presentation and outcome, thereby highlighting the need for new predictive biomarkers. In this sense, several studies have recently revealed a role for type I IFNs (interferons), mainly IFNα, in the pathogenesis of a subset of RA patients. Genetic variants associated with the type I IFN pathway have been linked with RA development, as well as with clinical features. Moreover, a role for IFNα as a trigger for RA development has also been described. Additionally, a type I IFN signature has been associated with the early diagnosis of RA and clinical outcome prediction in patients undergoing biological drug treatment, two challenging issues for decision-making in the clinical setting. Moreover, these cytokines have been related to endothelial damage and vascular repair failure in different autoimmune disorders. Therefore, together with chronic inflammation and disease features, they could probably account for the increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality of these patients. The main aim of the present review is to provide recent evidence supporting a role for type I IFNs in the immunopathology of RA, as well as to analyse their possible role as biomarkers for disease management.
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Gene expression disorders of innate antibacterial signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer patients: implications for leukocyte dysfunction and tumor progression. Cent Eur J Immunol 2014; 39:498-507. [PMID: 26155170 PMCID: PMC4439963 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2014.47736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate changes in gene expression of innate antibacterial signaling pathways in patients with pancreatic cancer. Expression of the following genes was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes of 55 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): TLR4, NOD1, MyD88, TRAF6 and HMGB1. The levels of expression of TLR4, NOD1 and TRAF6 genes were significantly elevated (p = 0.007; p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively), while MyD88 expression was markedly reduced (p = 0.0002), as compared to controls. Expression of TLR4 and NOD1 exceeded the normal level more than 3.5-fold and there was a significant correlation found between the expression of these genes (r = 0.558, p < 0.001). TLR4, NOD1 and MyD88 genes were expressed at a similar level both before and after surgery. No significant changes in the expression of HMGB1 gene were observed. The results of the study clearly indicate abnormal expression of genes belonging to innate antibacterial signaling pathways in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with pancreatic cancer, which may lead to leukocyte dysfunction. Overexpression of TLR4, NOD1 and TRAF6 genes, and decreased MyD88 gene expression may contribute to chronic inflammation and tumor progression by up-regulation of the innate antibacterial response. The parameters tested are useful for monitoring innate immunity gene disorders and pancreatic cancer progression.
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Lyn-Cook BD, Xie C, Oates J, Treadwell E, Word B, Hammons G, Wiley K. Increased expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 9 and other cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients: Ethnic differences and potential new targets for therapeutic drugs. Mol Immunol 2014; 61:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis is crucial in order to better understand the disease and to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Although the effect of type I interferons on fibroblasts and in the context of rheumatoid arthritis has been described for some time, little is known on the effects of the type III interferons, also known as IFNλ. In a previous issue, Xu and colleagues demonstrate that one of the members of the IFNλ family, IFNλ1, enhances Toll-like receptor expression and consequently promotes the production of proinflammatory cytokines known to be involved in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik A de Groen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, Room Na-1011, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bi-Sheng Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - André Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, Room Na-1011, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Jiang C, Zhu W, Xu J, Wang B, Hou W, Zhang R, Zhong N, Ning Q, Han Y, Yu H, Sun J, Meng L, Lu S. MicroRNA-26a negatively regulates toll-like receptor 3 expression of rat macrophages and ameliorates pristane induced arthritis in rats. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R9. [PMID: 24423102 PMCID: PMC3978458 DOI: 10.1186/ar4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abnormal toll-like receptor (TLR)3 signaling plays an indispensable role in pathogenesis of both experimental and human rheumatoid arthritis, and microRNAs (miRNAs) might orchestrate this signaling pathway. This study was performed to determine the relationship between miR-26a and TLR3 in rat macrophages and to observe effects of miR-26a mimic on pristane induced arthritis (PIA) in rats. Methods Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the direct interaction between miR-26a (a candidate miRNA to target tlr3 mRNA) and tlr3 3′UTR. MiR-26a regulation on TLR3 gene expression was determined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting after miR-26a mimics and inhibitors were transfected into rat macrophage line NR8383 cells. Poly I:C (TLR3 ligand) was used to trigger TLR3 activation, and mRNA expression of its downstream cytokines interferon (ifn)-β and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α was accordingly detected to determine the regulation of TLR3 signaling. Expressions of TLR3 and miR-26a were detected during rat bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) induction, in pristane stimulated NR8383 cells and spleens from methotrexate (MTX) treated PIA rats. A miR-26a mimic was administrated intraperitoneally to PIA rats, and arthritis severity was evaluated by macroscopic or microscopic observations. Results Direct target relationship between miR-26a and tlr3 mRNA in rats was confirmed. Modifications of miR-26a function by transfection of miR-26a mimics and inhibitors exhibited corresponding repression and augmentation of TLR3 and its signaling downstream cytokine expressions in NR8383 cells. The alteration of miR-26a expression was negatively related with TLR3 expression during BMDM induction, in pristane-primed NR8383 cells and PIA rat spleens. Moreover, both abnormal expressions were rescued in MTX treated arthritis rat spleens. The miR-26a mimic treatment displayed the depression of TLR3 expression and ameliorated the disease severity in the rats with pristane induced arthritis. Conclusions MiR-26a negatively regulates TLR3 signaling via targeting of TLR3 itself in rat macrophages, and this finding provides a novel insight into abnormal TLR3 overexpression during experimental arthritis.
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Li X, Xu T, Wang Y, Huang C, Li J. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3: a potent driving force behind rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 33:291-2. [PMID: 24258070 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
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Xu L, Feng X, Tan W, Gu W, Guo D, Zhang M, Wang F. IL-29 enhances Toll-like receptor-mediated IL-6 and IL-8 production by the synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R170. [PMID: 24286242 PMCID: PMC3978693 DOI: 10.1186/ar4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported that IL-29, a newly described member of interferon (IFN) family, was overexpressed in blood and synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and triggered proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression in RA synovial fibroblasts (RA-FLS). This suggests that IL-29 has an important role in synovial inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) also activate RA-FLS to produce inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-1β in RA-FLS. Since the TLR family plays an early role in the innate immune response and the subsequent induction of the adaptive immune response, we hypothesize that IL-29 interacts with TLRs in RA inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IL-29 on TLR-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production in RA-FLS. METHODS The mRNA level of IL-29 receptors (IL-28Rα and IL-10R2) in RA-FLS was determined by semi-quantitative RT- PCR. IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expressions in RA-FLS were evaluated by real-time PCR after pre-incubation with IL-29 and subsequent stimulation with peptidoglycan (PGN, TLR2 ligand), or polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C), TLR3 ligand), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR4 ligand) . The production of TLR2, 3, and 4 in RA-FLS after IL-29 stimulation was also assessed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. IL-29 mRNA and protein expression in RA-FLS after stimulation with PGN, poly(I:C), or LPS were measured by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. RESULTS The IL-29 receptor complex (IL-28Rα and IL-10R2) was identified in RA-FLS. IL-29 enhanced TLR-mediated IL-6 and IL-8 expression in RA-FLS. IL-29 upregulated expression of TLR2, 3 and 4 in RA-FLS. Exposure to PGN, poly(I:C) or LPS triggered IL-29 production by RA-FLS. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that IL-29 enhances TLR-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in RA-FLS via upregulation of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Weijuan Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Dunming Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Miaojia Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
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Julovi SM, Shen K, Mckelvey K, Minhas N, March L, Jackson CJ. Activated protein C inhibits proliferation and tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated activation of p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Mol Med 2013; 19:324-31. [PMID: 24096826 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fibroblast proliferation is a hallmark of the invasive pannus in the rheumatoid joint. Activated protein C (APC) is a natural anticoagulant that exerts antiinflammatory and cyto-protective effects in various diseases via endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-mediated pathways. In this study, we investigated the effect and the underlying cellular signaling mechanisms of APC on proliferation of human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RSFs). We found that APC stimulated proliferation of mouse dermal fibroblasts (MDFs) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) by up to 60%, but robustly downregulated proliferation of RSFs. APC induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and enhanced expression of p21 and p27 in a dose-dependent manner in RSFs. The latter effect was inhibited by pre-treatment with the ERK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 but not by p38 inhibitor SB203580. In addition, APC significantly downregulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-stimulated cell proliferation and activation of p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt in RSFs. These results provide the first evidence that APC selectively inhibits proliferation and the inflammatory signaling pathways of RSFs. Thus, APC may reduce synovial hyperplasia and pannus invasion in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohel M Julovi
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Kaitlin Shen
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Kelly Mckelvey
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Nikita Minhas
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Lyn March
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Christopher J Jackson
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
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Deng GM, Beltran J, Chen C, Terhorst C, Tsokos GC. T cell CD3ζ deficiency enables multiorgan tissue inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3563-7. [PMID: 23980209 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although a population of T cells with CD3ζ chain deficiency has been found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and infectious disease, the role of CD3ζ chain in the disease pathogenesis remains unknown. To understand the contribution of CD3ζ deficiency to the expression of organ injury, we have performed the following studies. We used CD3ζ-deficient mice to investigate the role of CD3ζ in the pathogenesis of organ tissue inflammation. We found that the CD3ζ(-/-) mice can spontaneously develop significant organ inflammation that can be accelerated following the administration of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid or allogeneic cells (graft versus host). T cells from CD3ζ(-/-) mice display increased expression of the adhesion molecules CD44 and CCR2 and produce increased amounts of IFN-γ blockade, which mitigates tissue inflammation. Our results demonstrate that CD3ζ deficiency bestows T cells with the ability to infiltrate various tissues and instigate inflammation. Decreased CD3ζ expression noted in T cells from various diseases contributes independently to tissue inflammation and organ damage. Approaches to restore CD3ζ expression of the surface of T cells should be expected to mitigate tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Min Deng
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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