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Hoenig T, Tenforde AS, Hollander K, Junge A, Branco P, Vinther A, Edouard P. Bone stress injuries in athletics (track and field) championships: findings from a prospective injury surveillance conducted across 24 international championships with 29,147 registered athletes. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:173. [PMID: 39148110 PMCID: PMC11325730 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletics (track and field) athletes are prone to develop bone stress injuries (BSIs) but epidemiological data on BSIs from top-level sports events are scarce. OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence and characteristics of BSIs during 24 international athletics championships held from 2007 to 2023. METHODS BSI-related data were prospectively collected during 24 international athletics championships, including the Olympic Games (n = 3), World Outdoor Championships (n = 4), European Outdoor Championships (n = 6), World Indoor Championships (n = 3) and European Indoor Championships (n = 8). Descriptive and comparative statistics were used to assess the epidemiological characteristics of BSIs. RESULTS BSIs accounted for 1.5% of all reported injuries (n = 36; 1.2 per 1000 registered athletes (95%CI 0.8 to 1.6)). No significant difference of BSI incidence was detected between female (2.0 per 1000 athletes (95%CI: 0.9 to 2.3)) and male athletes (0.9 per 1000 athletes (95%CI: 0.4 to 1.4)) (relative risk (RR) = 1.73, 95%CI: 0.88 to 3.40). BSI incidence was significantly higher during outdoor championships (1.6 per 1000 registered athletes (95%CI: 1.0 to 2.1)) as compared to indoor championships (0.2 per 1000 registered athletes (95%CI: 0.0 to 0.5)) (RR = 10.4, 95%CI: 1.43 to 76.0). Most BSIs were sustained in the foot (n = 50%) or leg (n = 33%). BSIs were reported in athletes participating in endurance disciplines (52.8%) or in explosive disciplines (47.2%). CONCLUSIONS BSIs represent a small portion of injuries sustained during international athletics championships. Collective results suggest that injury rates are higher in outdoor competitions as compared to indoor competitions. The most common injury locations comprise the foot and leg. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hoenig
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Adam S Tenforde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Junge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Health in Performing Arts, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Branco
- European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Vinther
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hospital Secretariat and Communication, Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pascal Edouard
- European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, F-42023, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
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Hadi WISB, Mohamed MNAB, Ahmad Shushami AHB, Abdul Karim SB. Malay Translation and Validation of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems. Orthop J Sports Med 2024; 12:23259671241263355. [PMID: 39131092 PMCID: PMC11307332 DOI: 10.1177/23259671241263355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H) is a proven surveillance method to register acute injury, overuse injury, or illness in athletes. However, it has not yet been translated into Malay. Purpose To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the OSTRC-H into Malay using internationally established guidelines. Study Design Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods The Malay translation of the OSTRC-H (OSTRC-H.M) was distributed to 54 elite (ie, professional) and recreational athletes. Face validity, content validity, and construct validity were assessed for the validity measurement properties, while test-retest and internal consistency were used for reliability measurement properties. Results The content validity index was satisfactory at 0.93. The OSTRC-H.M showed good internal consistency, with a Cronbach α value of .84. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model for construct validity, with values of 0.99 and 0.04 for comparative fit index and root mean square error of approximation, respectively. Per-item intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.55 to 0.80. The overall test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was good (ICC, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.63-0.88; P < .001). Conclusion The OSTRC-H.M was found to be valid and reliable and therefore acceptable for application among Malay-speaking athletes.
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Lacey A, Whyte E, Burke A, O'Connor S, Dillon S, Moran K. An Investigation Into the Measurement of Injury Severity in Running-Related Injury Research: A Scoping Review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14704. [PMID: 39049519 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Understanding injury severity is essential to inform injury prevention practice. The aims of this scoping review were to investigate how running-related injury (RRI) severity is measured, compare how it differs across studies, and examine whether it influences study outcomes (i.e., injury rates and risk factor identification). This scoping review was prospectively registered with Open Science Framework. A systematic electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscuss, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. Included studies were published in English between January 1980 and December 2023, investigated RRIs in adult running populations, and included a measure of injury severity. Results were extracted and collated. Sixty-six studies were included. Two predominant primary criteria are used to define injury severity: the extent of the effect on running and/or the extent of the physical description. When secondary definition criteria are considered, 13 variations of injury severity measurement are used. Two approaches are used to grade injury severity: a categorization approach or a continuous numerical scale. Overall, the measurement of RRI severity is relatively inconsistent across studies. Less than half of studies report incidence rates per level of injury severity, while none report specific risk factors across levels, making it difficult to determine if the approach to measuring injury severity influences these study outcomes. This lack of information is possibly contributing to inconsistent rates of RRIs reported, and the lack of clarity on risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Lacey
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Health and Human Performance, Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda Whyte
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Health and Human Performance, Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Burke
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Health and Human Performance, Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán O'Connor
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Health and Human Performance, Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Dillon
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kieran Moran
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Health and Human Performance, Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Robinson PG, Clarsen B, Murray A, Junge A, Mountjoy ML, Drobny T, Gill L, Gazzano F, Voight M, Dvorak J. A prospective study of injuries and illnesses among 910 amateur golfers during one season. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001844. [PMID: 39092238 PMCID: PMC11293382 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives Our aims were (a) to describe the prevalence and incidence of self-reported injuries and illnesses of amateur golfers over a 5-month period and (b) to investigate potential risk factors for injury. Methods We recruited 910 amateur golfers (733 males [81%] and 177 females [19%]) from golf clubs in the USA and Switzerland. The median age was 60 (IQR: 47-67) and the median golfing handicap was 12 (IQR: 6-18). Participants' health was monitored weekly for 5 months using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems. Players also completed a baseline questionnaire on personal and golf-specific characteristics and their medical history. Results We distributed 19 406 questionnaires and received 11 180 responses (57.6%). The prevalence of injuries was 11.3% (95% CI: 9.8 to 12.8) and of illnesses was 2% (95% CI 1.7 to 2.2). The incidence of injuries and illnesses was 3.79 (95% CI 3.54 to 4.06) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.07) per golfer per year, respectively. The injury regions with the highest burden of injury (time-loss days per player per year) were lumbosacral spine (5.93), shoulder (3.47) and knee (2.08). Injury risk was higher with increased age, osteoarthritis and previous injury. Conclusion The prevalence and incidence of injury and illness in amateur golf were low compared with many other sports. To further reduce the burden of injury, future research attention should be directed towards the lumbosacral spine, knee and shoulder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gordon Robinson
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Edinburgh, UK
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Department of Health and Function, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Andrew Murray
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre Illness and Injury Prevention in Sport, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Astrid Junge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Margo Lynn Mountjoy
- Family Medicine, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Committee, International Golf Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Drobny
- Swiss Golf Medical Center, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lance Gill
- LG Performance, Oceanside, California, USA
- Titleist Performance Institute, Oceanside, California, USA
| | | | - Mike Voight
- School of Physical Therapy, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Golf Medical Center, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland
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Edouard P, Mulenga D, Dandrieux PE, Salati F, Wallace J, Owoeye O. Coverage from medical teams and injury/illness epidemiology within youth athletics in Africa: A prospective study during the 2023 African Youth Under 18/20 Athletics Championships. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00255-X. [PMID: 39153872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe athletes' coverage by national medical teams, and injuries and illnesses occurring during the four weeks before and during the 2023 African Youth Under 18/20 Athletics Championships. DESIGN Cross-sectional and prospective cohort study design. METHODS We conducted a study with data collection of: 1) national medical teams, 2) injury and illness complaints during the four weeks preceding the championships using an online pre-participation health questionnaire, and 3) newly incurred in-championship injuries and illnesses collected by national medical teams and the local organising committee using daily standardised online report forms, for all registered athletes at the championships. RESULTS Among the 43 countries participating at the championships, 15 (34.9 %) countries had a medical team with at least one medical personnel. Of the 15 countries, 6 (40.0 %) countries had at least one physiotherapist and one physician, 4 (26.7 %) countries had only physiotherapist(s), and 5 (33.3 %) countries had only physician(s). Nine (60 %) countries participated in the injury surveillance study, including 397 athletes: 61 (15.4 %) completed the pre-participation health questionnaire and 11 athletes (18.0 %) reported an injury complaint and 6 (9.8 %) an illness complaint during the four weeks before the championships. During the championships, there were 52.9 injuries and 50.4 illnesses per 1000 registered athletes. The main injury location was the thigh (33.3 %), and the main injury type was the muscle (47.6 %). The most common system affected by illness was the upper respiratory tract (55.0 %), and the main illness cause was idiopathic (50.0 %). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study provides foundational information to improve medical coverage and services during international championships, and orient injury/illness prevention in youth athletics across Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- University Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France; European Athletics Medical & Anti-Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Davie Mulenga
- Department of Physiotherapy, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Sports Physiotherapy Association of Zambia (SPAZ), Zambia
| | - Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- University Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Saint-Etienne, France; Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Jessica Wallace
- Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Oluwatoyosi Owoeye
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, USA
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Hayhurst D, Warner M, Stokes M, Fallowfield J. Musculoskeletal injury in military specialists: a 2-year retrospective study. BMJ Mil Health 2024; 170:242-247. [PMID: 36175032 DOI: 10.1136/military-2022-002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military specialists are elite personnel who are trained to work across diverse operational environments where a high level of physical conditioning is a prerequisite for their role. Anecdotally, personnel are acknowledged to be at high risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs). However, there are presently no published data on this UK military population to support this view. This is the first (2-year) retrospective epidemiological study to identify the MSKI sustained by this military population. METHODS All MSKI reported over a 2-year period (January 2018-December 2019) were recorded to identify the incidence, frequency, nature, onset, cause, location and reporting times. Injuries were described using injury count and relative frequency (percentage). Time at risk for each personnel day was calculated as 365 days. RESULTS A total of 199 personnel reported 229 injuries over the reporting periods. The injury incidence rates were 26.8 personnel per 100 person years (2018) and 27.7 personnel per 100 person years (2019), respectively. Military training accounted for the highest number of injuries (32%), followed by 'other injuries' (28%), personal training (28%) and sport (12%). The leading activity associated with injury was weight training (15%), followed by running (11%) and military exercise (10%). Lower extremity injuries accounted for the highest number of injuries (40%), followed by trunk (36%) and upper extremity (24%) injuries. CONCLUSION This study identifies the MSKI profile of a military specialist population over a 2-year period. Areas where modifiable risk factors may be identified to reduce risk of injury are highlighted. Recommendations for further research include investigating injury burden and the impact of injury on operational readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Warner
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - M Stokes
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - J Fallowfield
- Head of Applied Physiology, Environmental and Science Division, Institute of Naval Medicine, Gosport, UK
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Edouard P, Dandrieux PE, Junge A, Navarro L, Giroux C, Guex K, Branco P, Guilhem G, Hollander K. Is the risk of muscle injuries higher in the finals than in previous rounds of the 100 m, 200 m and 400 m sprints of international athletics championships? J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:302-306. [PMID: 38429218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare incidence rates of lower limb muscle injuries (LLMIs) and hamstring muscle injuries (HMIs) in 100 m, 200 m and 400 m sprints disciplines between finals, semi-finals and heats of international athletics championships. DESIGN Prospective total population study. METHODS We analysed in-competition LLMIs and HMIs of female and male athletes during eight championships between 2009 and 2022. RESULTS LLMI and HMI incidence rates in 100 m finals were significantly higher than in heats and semi-finals for female and male athletes. HMI incidence rates were significantly higher in 200 m finals than heats and semi-finals for male athletes. CONCLUSIONS LLMI and HMI risk was higher in finals compared to previous rounds during international athletics championships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, France; Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, France; European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Switzerland.
| | - Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, France; Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, France; Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Junge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Center for Health in Performing Arts, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laurent Navarro
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, France
| | - Caroline Giroux
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), France
| | - Kenny Guex
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Switzerland; Department of Sprints, Hurdles and Relays, Swiss Athletics, Haus des Sports, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Branco
- European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Switzerland
| | - Gaël Guilhem
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), France
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Hendricks M, Verhagen E, van de Water ATM. Epidemiology, etiology and prevention of injuries in competitive ice speed skating-limited current evidence, multiple future priorities: A scoping review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14614. [PMID: 38610079 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Long-track and short-track ice speed skating are integral to the Winter Olympics. The state of evidence-based injury prevention in these sports is unclear. Our goals were to summarize the current scientific knowledge, to determine the state of research, and to highlight future research areas for injury prevention in ice speed skating. We conducted a scoping review, searching all injury and injury prevention studies in competitive ice speed skaters. The six-stage Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice (TRIPP) framework summarized the findings. The systematic search yielded 1109 citations. Nineteen studies were included, and additional searches yielded another 13 studies, but few had high-quality design. TRIPP stage 1 studies (n = 24) found competition injury rates from 2% to 18% of participants with various injury locations and types. Seasonal prevalence of physical complaints was up to 84% (for back pain) in long- and short-track. Ten studies covered information on TRIPP stage 2, with two small etiological studies linking injuries to functional strength deficits (short-track) and training load (long-track). Questionnaire studies identified various perceived risk factors for injuries but lacked further scientific evidence. Most TRIPP stage 3 studies (five out of eight) focused on developing protective measures, while two studies found short-track helmets performed poorly compared to helmets used in other sports. No study evaluated the efficacy, the intervention context, or the effectiveness (TRIPP stages 4-6) of the measures. Scientific knowledge on injury prevention in ice speed skating is limited. Future research should prioritize high-quality studies on injury epidemiology and etiology in the sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hendricks
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander T M van de Water
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne/Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- AdPhysio: Research, Training & Consultancy, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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Guevara SA, Crunkhorn ML, Drew M, Waddington G, Périard JD, Etxebarria N, Toohey LA, Charlton P. Injury and illness in short-course triathletes: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:172-185. [PMID: 36898525 PMCID: PMC10980869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness in short-course triathletes would improve understanding of their etiologies and therefore assist in the development and implementation of prevention strategies. This study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness and summarizes reported injury or illness etiology and risk factors affecting short-course triathletes. METHODS This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies reporting health problems (injury and illness) in triathletes (all sexes, ages, and experience levels) training and/or competing in short-course distances were included. Six electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsychINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, and SPORTDiscus) were searched. Risk of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Two authors independently completed data extraction. RESULTS The search yielded 7998 studies, with 42 studies eligible for inclusion. Twenty-three studies investigated injuries, 24 studies investigated illnesses, and 5 studies investigated both injuries and illnesses. The injury incidence rate ranged 15.7-24.3 per 1000 athlete exposures, and the illness incidence rate ranged 1.8-13.1 per 1000 athlete days. Injury and illness prevalence ranged between 2%-15% and 6%-84%, respectively. Most injuries reported occurred during running (45%-92%), and the most frequently reported illnesses affected the gastrointestinal (7%-70%), cardiovascular (14%-59%), and respiratory systems (5%-60%). CONCLUSION The most frequently reported health problems in short-course triathletes were: overuse and lower limb injuries associated with running; gastrointestinal illnesses and altered cardiac function, primarily attributable to environmental factors; and respiratory illness mostly caused by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Guevara
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Melissa L Crunkhorn
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Triathlon Australia, Gold Coast, QLD 4227, Australia.
| | - Michael Drew
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Gordon Waddington
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Julien D Périard
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Naroa Etxebarria
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Liam A Toohey
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Paula Charlton
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; Triathlon Australia, Gold Coast, QLD 4227, Australia
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Van Hooren B, Plasqui G, Meijer K. The Effect of Wearable-Based Real-Time Feedback on Running Injuries and Running Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:750-765. [PMID: 38287728 PMCID: PMC10905988 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231222464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running technique and running speed are considered important risk factors for running injuries. Real-time feedback on running technique and running speed by wearables may help reduce injury risk. PURPOSE To investigate whether real-time feedback on spatiotemporal metrics and relative speed by commercially available pressure-sensitive insoles would reduce running injuries and improve running performance compared with no real-time feedback. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS A total of 220 recreational runners were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups. Both groups received pressure-sensitive insoles, but only the intervention group received real-time feedback on spatiotemporal metrics and relative speed. The feedback aimed to reduce loading on the joint/segment estimated to exhibit the highest load. Injury rates were compared between the groups using Cox regressions. Secondary outcomes compared included injury severity, the proportion of runners with multiple injuries, changes in self-reported personal best times and motivation (Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2), and interest in continuing wearable use after study completion. RESULTS A total of 160 participants (73%) were included in analyses of the primary outcome. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant difference in injury rate between the groups (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; P = .70). This was expected, as 53 of 160 (33%) participants ended up in the unassigned group because they used incorrect wearable settings, nullifying any interventional effects. As-treated analysis showed a significantly lower injury rate among participants receiving real-time feedback (HR, 0.53; P = .03). Similarly, the first-time injury severity was significantly lower (-0.43; P = .042). Per-protocol analysis showed no significant differences in injury rates, but the direction favored the intervention group (HR, 0.67; P = .30). There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with multiple injuries (HR, 0.82; P = .40) or changes in running performance (3.07%; P = .26) and motivation. Also, ~60% of the participants who completed the study showed interest in continuing wearable use. CONCLUSION Real-time feedback on spatiotemporal metrics and relative speed provided by commercially available instrumented insoles may reduce the rate and severity of injuries in recreational runners. Feedback did not influence running performance and exercise motivation. REGISTRATION NL8472 (Dutch Trial Register).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Van Hooren
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guy Plasqui
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Kelly S, Waring A, Stone B, Pollock N. Epidemiology of bone injuries in elite athletics: A prospective 9-year cohort study. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 66:67-75. [PMID: 38340615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe bone injury patterns in elite track and field athletes. To investigate relationships between bone injury and athlete characteristics to inform future injury prevention strategies. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Elite athletics training centres across the United Kingdom and internationally, observed between 2012 and 2020. PARTICIPANTS 207 Olympic programme senior track and field athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Injury number, Incidence, Severity, Burden, Time Loss. RESULTS There were 78 fractures during the study period. Gradual repetitive bone injuries were the most common type of injury mode. The foot, pelvis and the lumbar spine were the regions with the highest number of bone stress injuries. Stress fractures had a higher burden overall compared to stress reactions. Average return to full training was 67.4 days (±73.1) for stress reactions and 199 (±205.2) days for stress fractures. There was no relationship between bone injury type and age, sex, ethnicity, side dominance or event group. CONCLUSION Bone stress injuries in athletics have a high severity and burden warranting continued efforts to prevent their occurrence and optimize management. Age, sex, ethnicity, side dominance and event region do not have any relationship with bone injury occurrence and are therefore unlikely to increase risk in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Kelly
- Ballet Healthcare, The Royal Opera House, London, WC2E9DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Anthony Waring
- Fortius Clinic, 17 Fitzhardinge Street, London, W1H 6EQ, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/Sport_Ex_Dr
| | - Ben Stone
- British Athletics, National Performance Institute (NPI), Loughborough, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/B_W_Stone
| | - Noel Pollock
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College of London, London, W1T 7HA, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/DrNoelPollock
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Gibson N, Drain JR, Larsen P, Michael S, Groeller H, Sampson JA. A Comprehensive Analysis of Injuries During Army Basic Military Training. Mil Med 2024; 189:652-660. [PMID: 35781513 PMCID: PMC10898870 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The injury definitions and surveillance methods commonly used in Army basic military training (BMT) research may underestimate the extent of injury. This study therefore aims to obtain a comprehensive understanding of injuries sustained during BMT by employing recording methods to capture all physical complaints. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six hundred and forty-six recruits were assessed over the 12-week Australian Army BMT course. Throughout BMT injury, data were recorded via (1) physiotherapy reports following recruit consultation, (2) a member of the research team (third party) present at physical training sessions, and (3) recruit daily self-reports. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-five recruits had ≥1 incident injury recorded by physiotherapists, 365 recruits had ≥1 incident injury recorded by the third party, and 542 recruits reported ≥1 injury-related problems via the self-reported health questionnaire. Six hundred twenty-one, six hundred eighty-seven, and two thousand nine hundred sixty-four incident injuries were recorded from a total of 997 physiotherapy reports, 1,937 third-party reports, and 13,181 self-reported injury-related problems, respectively. The lower extremity was the most commonly injured general body region as indicated by all three recording methods. Overuse accounted for 79% and 76% of documented incident injuries from physiotherapists and the third party, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that injury recording methods impact injury reporting during BMT. The present findings suggest that traditional injury surveillance methods, which rely on medical encounters, underestimate the injury profile during BMT. Considering accurate injury surveillance is fundamental in the sequence of injury prevention, implementing additional injury recording methods during BMT may thus improve injury surveillance and better inform training modifications and injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gibson
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jace R Drain
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Penelope Larsen
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Scott Michael
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Herbert Groeller
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - John A Sampson
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Edouard P, Sorg M, Martin S, Verhagen E, Ruffault A. Athletes who have already experienced an injury are more prone to adhere to an injury risk reduction approach than those who do not: an online survey of 7870 French athletics (track and field) athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001768. [PMID: 38374942 PMCID: PMC10875537 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the perception towards injury risk reduction approach between athletes who have already experienced an injury and those who have not. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using a one-time online survey asking athletics athletes licensed at the French Federation of Athletics (http://www.athle.fr) about their perceptions regarding injuries and injury risk reduction behaviours. We statistically compared athletes who already experienced an injury and those who did not. Results A total of 7870 athletes were included. 90% of athletes declared having experienced at least one injury. They (1) were proportionally more men than women, (2) had significantly more years of experience in athletics, (3) had a significant difference in disciplines (more hurdles, jumps and combined events and fewer sprint athletes), (4) had a significant difference in competition levels (more national and less departmental levels) and (5) reported significantly higher values or agreements in favour of injury risk reduction approach, compared with uninjured athletes. There were significantly more athletes declaring following injury risk reduction programmes among athletes who experienced at least one injury than those who did not. Conclusions Athletes who experienced at least one injury during their lifetime were more prone to adhere to injury risk reduction strategies than athletes who have never experienced an injury. Their entourage (coaches and health professionals) should use this fertile ground to implement injury risk reduction strategies. In addition, their experience should be disseminated to uninjured athletes to help them adhere to injury risk reduction without injury experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
- European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine Sorg
- Centre de Ressources, d’Expertise et de Performance Sportive (CREPS) de Vichy, Vichy, France
| | - Simon Martin
- Centre de Ressources, d’Expertise et de Performance Sportive (CREPS) de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexis Ruffault
- Laboratory 'Sport, Expertise and Performance' (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche interfacultaire Santé et Société (URiSS), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Edouard P, Dandrieux PE, Hollander K, Zyskowski M. Injuries and illnesses at the Munich 2022 European Championships: a prospective study of 5419 athletes from 52 countries involved in 9 sports. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001737. [PMID: 38374943 PMCID: PMC10875512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the incidence and characteristics of the sports injuries and illnesses that occurred during the 2022 European Championships. Methods We conducted a prospective study on newly incurred injuries and illnesses collected by the national medical teams and the local organising committee physicians using a standardised online report form on a daily basis, in all athletes registered at the 2022 European Championships from 11 August 2022 to 21 August 2022 in Munich (Germany). Results In total, 5419 athletes were registered at the 2022 European Championships in 9 sports. A total of 181 in-competition injuries were reported, representing an overall incidence of 33.4 injuries per 1000 registered athletes, with higher values in triathlon, cycling and athletics. More injuries located at the lower limb and involving the muscles and skin were reported in athletics, at the lower limb and involving the skin in triathlon, at the head and trunk and upper limb and involving head and skin in cycling. A total of 65 illnesses were reported, representing an overall incidence of 12.0 illnesses per 1000 registered athletes, with higher values in athletics and rowing. The most affected common system was the cardiovascular system (24.6%), followed by the gastrointestinal (18.5%) and upper respiratory tracts (16.9%). The most frequent causes were exercise (36.9%), infections (30.8%) and 'others' (10.8%). Conclusion This was the first injury and illness surveillance during multisports European Championships providing relevant results to help anticipate medical services and athletes' health protection, and highlighting the need for special attention for triathlon and cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
- European Athletics Medical & Anti-Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Zyskowski
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Crunkhorn ML, Toohey LA, Charlton P, Drew M, Watson K, Etxebarria N. Injury incidence and prevalence in elite short-course triathletes: a 4-year prospective study. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2023-107327. [PMID: 38331566 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise the prevalence, incidence rate (IR) and burden of injuries in elite short-course triathletes over a 4-year training and competition period. METHODS Fifty elite Australian triathletes were prospectively monitored for injury during four consecutive seasons (2018-2021). Injuries requiring medical attention were prospectively recorded and further subcategorised according to time loss. The IR and burden (injury IR×mean injury severity) were calculated per 365 athlete days, with sex differences in IR compared using IR ratios (IRR) from negative binomial regression models. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-six injuries were reported in 46 (92.0%) athletes, of which 67.3% resulted in time loss. The injury IR was 1.87 injuries per 365 athlete days (95% CI 1.70 to 2.80), and comparable between sexes (IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.04, p=0.109). Most injuries (70.7%) were training related. The most frequently injured body sites were the ankle (15.8%), foot (12.4%) and lower leg (12.0%). Bone stress injuries (BSIs) were the most burdensome injury type with 31.38 days of time loss per 365 days (95% CI 24.42 to 38.34). Twenty athletes (40.0%) reported at least one bone stress injury (BSI) (range 0-3). The rate of BSIs in female athletes was three times greater compared with male athletes (IRR 2.99, 95% CI 1.26 to 7.07, p=0.013). CONCLUSION Two-thirds of injuries reported in elite short-course triathletes resulted in time loss, with the majority occurring during training activities. Foot, ankle and other lower leg injuries had the highest incidence, with BSIs carrying the highest injury burden. The considerably higher rate of BSI observed in female athletes warrants consideration for future prevention strategies in female triathletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Leith Crunkhorn
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liam Anthony Toohey
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- AIS Performance, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Paula Charlton
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Triathlon Australia, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Drew
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kate Watson
- Performance Health, Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naroa Etxebarria
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Anand Prakash A, K M, Akilesh V. Umbrella review of musculoskeletal injury burden in dancers: implication for practice and research. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:12-25. [PMID: 36757080 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2179329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dancers are susceptible to injury. Nevertheless, injury epidemiology research in dancers is inconsistent. Furthermore, ballet dancing has dominated the huge body of reviews analyzing the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in a variety of artistic dance forms, making it challenging to acquire a thorough, comprehensive, and understandable reporting of the available data. PURPOSE The overview and reanalysis of dancers' musculoskeletal pain and injury load across artistic dance forms. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. METHODS A search was conducted online for literature written in English using PubMed and Google Scholar (2012-2021). The data gathered was then analyzed using predetermined qualifying criteria. RESULTS 12 reviews were determined to be qualified, the majority of which had moderate to low confidence and raised concerns about bias based on JBI-URARI and ROBIS. The prevalence of dance-related musculoskeletal injuries ranged from 26% to 84% in any artistic dancers and 42% to 343% in ballet dancers. The incidence was less than 5 per 1000 dance hours in both groups, with lower extremities and back being the commonly reported sites. Reviews themselves stated that the quality of the reviews was often poor. Due to the study's heterogeneity and methodological inconsistency, data pooling and meta-analysis were not possible. CONCLUSION The current review emphasizes the gaps and restrictions in the dance epidemiology literature that make it challenging to quantify and report a single overall injury rate for dancers. These results underline the need for better primary investigations and evidence synthesis. As injury epidemiology is a critical component of the overall injury-prevention puzzle, there is a need for standardization in future research, particularly with active and prospective injury surveillance, injury classification, injury evaluation, and injury reporting. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Systematic Review, Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahesh K
- Department of Anaesthesia, Soundarapandian Bone & Joint Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Vinitha Akilesh
- Director Operations, Overseas Education, Interface Alliances, Hyderabad, India
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Edouard P, Mosser C, Chapon J, Depiesse F, Palmer D. Understanding the first injury in athletics and its effect on dropout from sport: an online survey on 544 high-level youth and junior athletics (track and field) athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001767. [PMID: 38288271 PMCID: PMC10824051 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the first injury and to investigate whether it plays a role in altering athletics' sustainable practice. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using an exploratory survey on the first injury and its consequences on athletics practice. In 2021, we asked all high-level athletes licensed with the French Federation of Athletics (FFA) under 18 years, under 20 years and under 23 years categories between 2007 and 2021. Results Out of 6560 emails sent by FFA, 544 athletes responded, and 93.6% (n=510) reported experiencing at least one injury during their career. The first injury occurred at a mean age of 17.5±3.3 years after 6.1±4.1 years of athletics practice. The main locations of the first injury were the posterior thigh (28.9%), the ankle (16.5%) and the knee (12.6%), and the principal reported injury types were muscle (37.7%), tendon (17.5%) and ligament (15.5%). More than a third of injured athletes (36.7%) reported experiencing ongoing symptoms or sequelae after their first injury, and about half (48.5%) experienced recurrences. About 20% had stopped athletics at the time of the survey, with injury problems the primary cause of athletes dropping out (46.2%), including the first injury (9.4%). Conclusions Injuries played an important role in altering sustainable athletics practice, with injury accounting for about 50% of all reported dropouts and the first injury accounting for about 10% of all reported causes. Our results provide evidence to target the prevention of the first injury, which could be considered the origin of the 'vicious circle' of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Constance Mosser
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Joris Chapon
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Depiesse
- CH Chalons en Champagne et Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Debbie Palmer
- Edinburgh Sports Medicine Research Network & UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Romero-Morales C, López-López D, Almazán-Polo J, Mogedano-Cruz S, Sosa-Reina MD, García-Pérez-de-Sevilla G, Martín-Pérez S, González-de-la-Flor Á. Prevalence, diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal disorders in elite athletes: A mini-review. Dis Mon 2024; 70:101629. [PMID: 37716840 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries in elite sports are ones of the most impact issue because their remarkable impact on performance caused by drastic absence of training and competition and a progressive deterioration in physical health, emotional and social athletes' dimensions. Also, the prevalence of epidemiologic research found an incidence of musculoskeletal disorders vary within sports and in elite athletes which is even higher as a consequence of higher demand physical performance. This way, the loss of physical performance due to an sport injury impacts not only the individual economic sphere of the professional but also that ofsports entities, reaching, according to some studies, a loss estimated in the range of 74.7 million pounds. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review and to provide an overview of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in elite sports precipitating factors, clinical presentation, evidence-based diagnostic evaluation, and treatment recommendations with a view to preventing medical conditions or musculoskeletal injuries that may alter performance and general health in the elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Romero-Morales
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol , Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain.
| | - Jaime Almazán-Polo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Mogedano-Cruz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Sosa-Reina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sebastián Martín-Pérez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Canarias, La Orotava, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38300, Spain
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Edouard P, Tondut J, Hollander K, Dandrieux PE, Navarro L, Bruneau A, Junge A, Blanco D. Risk factors for injury complaints leading to restricted participation in Athletics (Track and Field): a secondary analysis of data from 320 athletes over one season. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001718. [PMID: 38089679 PMCID: PMC10711822 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if several potential risk factors were associated with time to injury complaints leading to participation restriction in Athletics (ICPR). METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data collected during 39 weeks of the 2017-2018 Athletics season in a cluster-randomised controlled trial ('PREVATHLE'). Univariate and multivariable analyses using Cox regression models were performed to analyse the association between the time to first ICPR and potential risk factors collected (1) at baseline: sex, age, height, body mass, discipline, the usual duration of Athletics training and non-specific sports training, ICPR in the preceding season (yes/no), ICPR at baseline (yes/no); (2) weekly during the season: duration and intensity of Athletics training and competition, and non-specific sports training, fitness subjective state, sleep duration and illness (yes/no); and (3) combined. RESULTS Data from 320 athletes were included; 138 (43.1%) athletes reported at least one ICPR during the study follow-up. The combined multivariable analyses revealed that the risk of ICPR at any given time was significantly higher in athletes with a pre-existing ICPR (hazard rate ratio, HRR 1.90, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.15; p=0.012) and lower in athletes with a higher fitness subjective state (HRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.73; p<0.001) and who had had at least one illness during the season (HRR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.62; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into injury risk factors in Athletics that could help with potential injury risk reduction strategies. These could be to explore the pre-existing injury presence at the season's beginning and to monitor the fitness subjective state and illnesses occurrence during the season. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03307434.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- European Athletics Medical & Anti-Doping Commission, European Athletics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne Tondut
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurent Navarro
- INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Astrid Junge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Blanco
- Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, San Cugat del Valles, Spain
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Thompson F, Rongen F, Cowburn I, Till K. What is it like to be a sport school student-athlete? A mixed method evaluation of holistic impacts and experiences. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289265. [PMID: 38033107 PMCID: PMC10688867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the holistic impact of student-athletes within sport schools is important due to the increasing popularity of sport school programmes, the likelihood that most youth athletes do not ultimately succeed in their sport and the multiple and wide ranging positive and negative impacts associated with intensified youth sport. Therefore, this study, using a mixed method design, aimed to evaluate the 'in-time' holistic impacts and experiences of being a sport school student-athlete. Five data collection methods (i.e., online questionnaire, physical fitness testing battery, academic assessments grades, injury data and log diaries) were used to assess athletic, academic, psychological and psychosocial holistic impacts and experiences of 83 student-athletes from one sport school in the United Kingdom (UK). Due to the mixed method approach, a triangulation design was used whereby quantitative and qualitative data were firstly analysed separately and then integrated and presented together. Overall, the findings demonstrated there were a multitude of positive impacts and experiences associated with being a sport school student-athlete. These included: high average academic attainment, satisfaction with academic support, sport competence, all-round sport development, higher general and sport specific recovery than stress, inter- and intra-personal development, social support, positive peer and parent relationships and dual career motivation. However, impacts and experiences of concern were also apparent including: participation in sport external to the school context, difficulty balancing education and sport, academic lessons missed, injury, fatigue, lack of free time, extra-curricular and social sacrifice, social intensity and body image concerns. Large inter-individual variability was demonstrated across all data analyses highlighting the variable nature of the impacts and experiences of being a sports school student-athlete. Overall, sport schools have the potential to promote many positive holistic impacts, however stakeholders need to be aware, monitor and mitigate the potential negative impacts. Flexible development programmes, individualised support and student-athlete monitoring are essential features required of sport schools to ensure healthy and holistic development for all sport school student-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ffion Thompson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Fieke Rongen
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Cowburn
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Till
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Ferraby DH, Hayhurst D, Strachan R, Knapman H, Wood S, Fallowfield JL. Musculoskeletal injuries in UK Service Personnel and the impact of in-theatre rehabilitation during Cold Weather Warfare training: Exercise CETUS 2020. BMJ Mil Health 2023; 169:517-522. [PMID: 35042762 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Royal Marines provide the lead Service for UK Defence Mountain and Cold Weather Warfare capability. This is the first prospective study addressing musculoskeletal injury rates sustained during Cold Weather Warfare training, with the aim of informing injury mitigation interventions and assist military medical planning with respect to delivering primary care rehabilitation in theatre. METHODS All musculoskeletal injuries were surveyed by the Forward Rehabilitation Team (Nov 2019-Mar 2020) during a Cold Weather Deployment to Norway (Ex CETUS 2019/20). The frequency, nature of injury (new or recurrent), onset (sudden or gradual), cause, location and exercise/treatment outcome were recorded. RESULTS Eleven per cent (n=136 cases) of the deployed population (n=1179) reported a musculoskeletal injury, which were mainly 'new' (62%), and with a 'sudden' onset (64%). Injury rate was 17.8 injuries per 10 000 personnel days. The majority of injuries occurred due to military training (88%), specifically during ski-related (61%) and load carriage (10%) activities.The average Service Person treated by the Forward Rehabilitation Team improved from 'injured with restricted duties' to 'fully fit', and with an improvement in their self-reported Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire from 33 to 45 over an average of two rehabilitation sessions. One hundred and seventeen Service Personnel were able to continue on Ex CETUS with rehabilitation in theatre, thus negating the requirement for aeromedical evacuation for continuation of rehabilitation in the UK. Nineteen patients were unable to continue their Cold Weather Deployment due to the nature of their musculoskeletal injury and returned to the UK for continued care in firm base rehabilitation centres. CONCLUSION This study identifies the nature, causation and injury location. It demonstrates the effectiveness of in-theatre rehabilitation and the ability to treat patients when deployed. Recommendations are presented to support strategies to mitigate musculoskeletal injury risk during future Cold Weather Warfare deployments to Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Hayhurst
- Rehab Div, DMRC Headley Court, Epsom, UK
| | - R Strachan
- Aviation Medicine Training Wing, Centre of Aviation Medicine, RAF Henlow, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - H Knapman
- PCRF, Medical Reception Station, Medical Centre, Dhekelia, UK
| | - S Wood
- HDIS, Specialist Group Military Intelligence (SGMI), Hermitage, Berkshire, UK
| | - J L Fallowfield
- Environmental Medicine and Science Division, Institute of Naval Medicine, Alverstoke, Hampshire, UK
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Waldén M, Mountjoy M, McCall A, Serner A, Massey A, Tol JL, Bahr R, D'Hooghe M, Bittencourt N, Della Villa F, Dohi M, Dupont G, Fulcher M, Janse van Rensburg DCC, Lu D, Andersen TE. Football-specific extension of the IOC consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1341-1350. [PMID: 36609352 PMCID: PMC10646851 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several sports have published consensus statements on methods and reporting of epidemiological studies concerning injuries and illnesses with football (soccer) producing one of the first guidelines. This football-specific consensus statement was published in 2006 and required an update to align with scientific developments in the field. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently released a sports-generic consensus statement outlining methods for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport and encouraged the development of sport-specific extensions.The Fédération Internationale de Football Association Medical Scientific Advisory Board established a panel of 16 football medicine and/or science experts, two players and one coach. With a foundation in the IOC consensus statement, the panel performed literature reviews on each included subtopic and performed two rounds of voting prior to and during a 2-day consensus meeting. The panel agreed on 40 of 75 pre-meeting and 21 of 44 meeting voting statements, respectively. The methodology and definitions presented in this comprehensive football-specific extension should ensure more consistent study designs, data collection procedures and use of nomenclature in future epidemiological studies of football injuries and illnesses regardless of setting. It should facilitate comparisons across studies and pooling of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Waldén
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Football Research Group, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Department of Family Medicine-Sport, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan McCall
- Arsenal Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Andreas Serner
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Massey
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Department of Sports Medicine, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam IOC Center ACHSS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | - Michel D'Hooghe
- FIFA Medical Committee, Federation Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natália Bittencourt
- Sports Physiotherapy Specialization Program - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Complex System Approach in Sports and Health Research Group - CNPq Brazil, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Francesco Della Villa
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gregory Dupont
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Donna Lu
- Medical Services, Football Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Operations, Australian Professional Leagues, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian FA Medical Center, Oslo, Norway
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Dillon S, Burke A, Whyte EF, O’Connor S, Gore S, Moran KA. Running towards injury? A prospective investigation of factors associated with running injuries. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288814. [PMID: 37590281 PMCID: PMC10434952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the high incidence and heavy burden of running related injuries, large-scale, prospective multifactorial investigations examining potential risk factors are warranted. This study aimed to identify factors associated with running related injuries and to evaluate their potential in injury screening. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and seventy-four recreational runners were recruited. Clinical measures (strength, range of motion, foot position), injury and training history (via questionnaire), impact loading (via accelerometery) and running technique measures were collected at baseline. Runners were tracked for injury for one year via fortnightly check-ins. A binary logistic regression, (injury versus no injury), was performed for each variable univariably, and then adjusting for age, sex and mileage. A multivariable regression was also performed to evaluate the model's discriminative ability. RESULTS Of the 225 runners included in the final analysis 52% experienced a running related injury. Injury history in the past year, less navicular drop, and measures of running technique (knee, hip, and pelvis kinematics) were associated with increased odds of injury (p < .05). The multivariable logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2(11) = 56.45, p < .001, correctly classifying 74% of cases with a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 76%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (CI95% = 0.73-0.85), demonstrating acceptable discriminative ability. CONCLUSIONS This study found a number of clinical and running technique factors to be associated with prospective running related injuries among recreational runners. With the exception of injury history, the factors identified as being significantly associated with injury may be modifiable and therefore, could form the basis of interventions. Range of motion, spatiotemporal parameters and strength measures were not associated with injury and thus their utilisation in injury prevention practices should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dillon
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Burke
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda F. Whyte
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán O’Connor
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane Gore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran A. Moran
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Ranson C, Wootten M, Biswas A, Herrington L, Gallimore D, Jackson PD, Taylor A, Spencer S, Hull JH, McCaig S. Year-round longitudinal health surveillance in UK Olympic Summer Sport Athletes 2016-2019. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:836-841. [PMID: 36693713 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the priority injury and illness types across UK summer Olympic World Class Programme sports to inform development, implementation and evaluation of associated injury risk mitigation and management initiatives. METHODS Four years (2016-2019) of electronic medical records of 1247 athletes from 22 sports were analysed and reported using methods based on the 2020 International Olympic Committee consensus statement for epidemiological recording and reporting. RESULTS 3562 injuries and 1218 illness were recorded, accounting for 146 156 and 27 442 time-loss days. Overall, 814 (65%) athletes reported at least one injury, while 517 (41%) reported at least one illness. There were 1.3 injuries per athlete year resulting in a mean burden of 54.1 days per athlete year. The lumbar/pelvis, knee, ankle and shoulder body regions had the highest incidence and burden. Athletes reported 0.5 illnesses per athlete year, resulting in a mean burden of 10.4 days per athlete year, with most composed of respiratory illness and gastroenteritis. Injuries within sport groups were representative of the injury risk profile for those sports (eg, knee, hand and head injuries had the highest incidence in combat sports), but respiratory illnesses were consistently the greatest problem for each sport group. CONCLUSIONS To optimise availability for training and performance, systematic risk mitigation and management initiatives should target priority injury problems occurring in the lumbar/pelvis, knee, ankle and shoulder, and respiratory illness. Follow-up analysis should include identification of sport-specific priority health problems and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James H Hull
- English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
- UCL, London, UK
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25
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Doo H, Kim D, Kim C, Lee SY, Park J. Comparisons of musculoskeletal injuries among three different modalities of Taekwondo (Kyorugi, Poomsae, and Shibum): a one-year follow-up prospective epidemiologic study. Res Sports Med 2023; 31:528-543. [PMID: 34905996 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.2010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to report the injury rates and characteristics (body location, type, mechanism, and severity) of musculoskeletal injuries in Kyorugi, Poomsae, and Shibum. A total of 137 Korean collegiate Taekwondo players - Kyorugi (n = 44), Poomsae (n = 46), and Shibum (n = 47) - were prospectively studied in 2019. Injury rates per 1,000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and time-exposures (TEs) during training and competition were calculated. Additionally, body location, type, mechanism, and severity of injury were analysed. The highest injury rate was recorded in Poomsae (172.0/1,000 AEs and 79.5/1,000 TEs) followed by Kyorugi (47.1/1,000 AEs and 25.9/1,000 TEs) and Shibum (57.5/1,000 AEs and 17.0/1,000 TEs). The frequently injured body location was the thigh (Kyorugi = 17%; Poomsae = 25%; Shibum = 18%). The common injury types were muscle cramps/spasms in Kyorugi (33%) and Poomsae (59%), and sprain in Shibum (41%). The common injury mechanisms were gradual onset in Kyorugi (40%) and Shibum (49%), and non-contact trauma in Poomsae (91%). Regarding the severity, the number of days from the injury onset to recovery > 1 week were higher in the order of Kyorugi (78%), Shibum (54%), and Poomsae (28%). Our data provide preliminary evidence that different injury prevention strategies should be applied to each modality of Taekwondo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Doo
- Division of Sports Medicine and Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Donghyeon Kim
- Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Chaerin Kim
- Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Seo Young Lee
- Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jihong Park
- Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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26
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Guo L. Analysis and prediction of athlete's anxiety state based on artificial intelligence. PeerJ Comput Sci 2023; 9:e1322. [PMID: 37346592 PMCID: PMC10280679 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining athletes' anxiety accurately and regulating their psychological state helps improve their competitive performance. Therefore, this article uses a hierarchical clustering algorithm to identify the sources of stress of track and field athletes. A novel and efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm is proposed in this article. The algorithm consists of two stages: dividing and agglomerating. In the dividing stage, the initial data set is taken as a class and subclasses more than the actual number of clusters are obtained through multiple dividing. In the agglomerating phase, the subclasses divided during the dividing process are merged into the correct class. In addition, we construct an analysis model of athletes' anxiety state based on the radial basis function (RBF) model, where athletes' anxiety is divided into three categories: physical condition anxiety, competition state and cognitive state. The proposed model is trained from the official website of the China Track and Field Association. The athletes' information from 500 samples was arranged to form the sample database of athletes' data. The implicit unit center, function width and connection weight record the characteristics of various sports anxiety states. Then we used the Bayesian and Lagrange models as comparative models for evaluating the psychological state. Precision and efficiency were used for evaluation indexes. The proposed model's results are much better in accuracy and time than those of the Lagrange and Bayesian models. The outcome of the proposed research can provide a reasonable basis for the decision-making of stress relief for track and field athletes.
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27
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Dandrieux PE, Navarro L, Blanco D, Ruffault A, Ley C, Bruneau A, Chapon J, Hollander K, Edouard P. Relationship between a daily injury risk estimation feedback (I-REF) based on machine learning techniques and actual injury risk in athletics (track and field): protocol for a prospective cohort study over an athletics season. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069423. [PMID: 37192797 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Two-thirds of athletes (65%) have at least one injury complaint leading to participation restriction (ICPR) in athletics (track and field) during one season. The emerging practice of medicine and public health supported by electronic processes and communication in sports medicine represents an opportunity for developing new injury risk reduction strategies. Modelling and predicting the risk of injury in real-time through artificial intelligence using machine learning techniques might represent an innovative injury risk reduction strategy. Thus, the primary aim of this study will be to analyse the relationship between the level of Injury Risk Estimation Feedback (I-REF) use (average score of athletes' self-declared level of I-REF consideration for their athletics activity) and the ICPR burden during an athletics season. METHOD AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a prospective cohort study, called Injury Prediction with Artificial Intelligence (IPredict-AI), over one 38-week athletics season (from September 2022 to July 2023) involving competitive athletics athletes licensed with the French Federation of Athletics. All athletes will be asked to complete daily questionnaires on their athletics activity, their psychological state, their sleep, the level of I-REF use and any ICPR. I-REF will present a daily estimation of the ICPR risk ranging from 0% (no risk for injury) to 100% (maximal risk for injury) for the following day. All athletes will be free to see I-REF and to adapt their athletics activity according to I-REF. The primary outcome will be the ICPR burden over the follow-up (over an athletics season), defined as the number of days lost from training and/or competition due to ICPR per 1000 hours of athletics activity. The relationship between ICPR burden and the level of I-REF use will be explored by using linear regression models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This prospective cohort study was reviewed and approved by the Saint-Etienne University Hospital Ethical Committee (Institutional Review Board: IORG0007394, IRBN1062022/CHUSTE). Results of the study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and in international scientific congresses, as well as to the included participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, F-42023, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- Centre CIS, F-42023, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Saint-Etienne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Laurent Navarro
- Centre CIS, F-42023, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Saint-Etienne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - David Blanco
- Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alexis Ruffault
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise, and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche interfacultaire Santé & Société (URiSS), Université de Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Christophe Ley
- Department of Mathematics, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Joris Chapon
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, F-42023, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, F-42023, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
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Martínez-Silván D, Wik EH, Arnáiz J, Farooq A, Mónaco M. Association Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Time to Return to Sport After Muscle Injuries in High-Level Youth Athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:225-232. [PMID: 37042815 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and time to return to sport (RTS) from muscle injuries in youth athletes. DESIGN Prospective collection of injury surveillance data over 6 seasons (2014-2015 to 2019-2020) and reanalysis of MRIs by a radiologist blinded to RTS time after the data collection period. SETTING National sports academy and sports medicine hospital. PARTICIPANTS Male youth (11-19 years) athletes participating in the football (soccer) or athletics (track and field) programs with a muscle injury. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Magnetic resonance imaging findings (eg, grade and location) in time-loss muscle injuries. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES Injury incidence, distributions, and RTS time. RESULTS In total, 353 time-loss muscle injuries were recorded for 1089 athlete-seasons, of which 85 satisfied our inclusion criteria (MRI within 14 days). Return to sport time was significantly longer for reinjuries compared with index injuries. Associations between MRI findings and RTS time were specific to the muscle group, with significant differences in RTS time observed between categories of structure, location, and grade. The largest number of injuries was to the hamstrings (n = 46), where injuries involving the tendon were more severe than those involving the myotendinous junction and muscle, proximal injuries were more severe than mid-portion and distal, and longer RTS time was observed for higher injury grade ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Muscle injuries in youth are diverse and cannot be treated as a single injury type. Specific injury durations can be expected depending on injury characteristics such as reinjury, location, structure, and grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martínez-Silván
- NSMP - Aspire Academy Sports Medicine Center, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eirik Halvorsen Wik
- NSMP - Aspire Academy Sports Medicine Center, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Rylaan, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Rylaan, Tygerberg, South Africa; and
| | - Javier Arnáiz
- NSMP - Aspire Academy Sports Medicine Center, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- School of Medicine-Qatar, Weill Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulaziz Farooq
- NSMP - Aspire Academy Sports Medicine Center, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mauricio Mónaco
- NSMP - Aspire Academy Sports Medicine Center, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Age and Sex Comparisons in Pediatric Track and Field Hurdle Injuries Seen in Emergency Departments of the US. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11030065. [PMID: 36976951 PMCID: PMC10052995 DOI: 10.3390/sports11030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited literature analyzing pediatric hurdle injuries based on sex and age. This study compares hurdle-related injury types, injured body parts, and injury mechanisms by age and sex in pediatrics. Hurdle-related injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were used to retrospectively review the injuries of hurdlers 18 years and under. Differences in injured body parts, injury types, and mechanisms were analyzed by age (pre-high school vs. high school) and sex (male vs. female). A total of 749 cases were extracted. Fractures were more common in pre-high schoolers (34.1% vs. 21.5%, p = 0.001), while more sprains were identified in high schoolers (29.6%) than pre-high schoolers (22.8%, p = 0.036). Males suffered more fractures than females (35.1% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.001). Females sustained more joint sprains (29.1% vs. 21.0%, p = 0.012) and contusions/hematomas (12.7% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.020). Ankle injuries were more common in females (24.0%) than males (12.0%, p = 0.001), while wrist injuries were more prevalent in males (11.7% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.034). The most common injury mechanism was apparatus-related, with no differences based on age or sex. Injury types and injured body parts differed depending on age and sex in pediatric hurdle injuries seen in emergency departments. These findings may be helpful for injury prevention and medical care for pediatric hurdlers.
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Tayfur A, Şendil A, Sezik AÇ, Jean-François K, Sancho I, Le Sant G, Dönmez G, Duman M, Tayfur B, Pawson J, Uzlaşır S, Miller SC, Screen H, Morrissey D. Self-reported bio-psycho-social factors partially distinguish patellar tendinopathy from other knee problems and explain patellar tendinopathy severity in jumping athletes: A case-control study. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 61:57-65. [PMID: 36898283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine what combinations of self-reported factors distinguish patellar tendinopathy (PT) from other knee problems, and explain PT severity variance. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Social media, private practice and National Health Service. PARTICIPANTS An international sample of jumping athletes diagnosed with either PT (n = 132; 30.7 ± 8.9 years; 80 males; VISA-P = 61.6 ± 16.0) or another musculoskeletal knee condition (n = 89; 31.8 ± 9.9 years; 47 males; VISA-P = 62.9 ± 21.2) by a clinician in the last 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We considered clinical diagnosis (case = having PT vs control = having other knee problems) as the dependent variable. Severity and sporting impact were defined by VISA-P and availability, respectively. RESULTS A model comprising seven factors distinguished PT from other knee problems; training duration (OR = 1.10), sport type (OR = 2.31), injured side (OR = 2.28), pain onset (OR = 1.97), morning pain (OR = 1.89), condition acceptability (OR = 0.39) and swelling (OR = 0.37). Sports-specific function (OR = 1.02) and player level (OR = 4.11) explained sporting availability. 44% of PT severity variance was explained by quality of life (β = 0.32), sports-specific function (β = 0.38) and age (β = -0.17). CONCLUSION Sports-specific, biomedical and psychological factors partially distinguish PT from other knee problems. Availability is mainly explained by sports-specific factors, while psychosocial factors impact on severity. Adding sports-specific and bio-psycho-social factors into assessments could help better identification and management of jumping athletes with PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamit Tayfur
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, QMUL, UK; Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Turkey; London Barts Health NHS Trust, UK.
| | - Ateş Şendil
- Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Cyprus.
| | - Atilla Çağatay Sezik
- Yuksek Ihtisas University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Turkey.
| | - Kaux Jean-François
- Physical Medicine and Sport Traumatology Department, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium.
| | - Igor Sancho
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, QMUL, UK; University of Deusto, Physiotherapy Department, Spain.
| | | | - Gürhan Dönmez
- Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Sports Medicine, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Duman
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Youth and Sports, Turkey.
| | | | | | - Serkan Uzlaşır
- Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, School of Sports Science and Technology, Turkey.
| | | | - Hazel Screen
- School of Engineering Material Sciences, QMUL, UK.
| | - Dylan Morrissey
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, QMUL, UK; London Barts Health NHS Trust, UK.
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Murray A, Junge A, Robinson PG, Clarsen B, Mountjoy ML, Drobny T, Gill L, Gazzano F, Voight M, Dvorak J. Cross-sectional study of characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in 1170 male golfers. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001504. [PMID: 37020534 PMCID: PMC10069570 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe primary aim was to describe the characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints of a large group of non-professional golfers. Secondary aims were to compare golfers different in (A) skill-level, (B) presence of low back pain (LBP) and (C) performance of prevention exercises.MethodsA sample of 1170 male golfers (mean age 54.98, SD=13.3) were surveyed online on personal and golf-specific characteristics, medical history and complaints in the preceding 7 days. Subgroups (A) with different golfing handicap (0 to 5, >5 to 10, >10), (B) with and without LBP and (C) who performed versus did not perform injury prevention exercises were compared using analysis of variance and χ2test.ResultsThe prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal complaints was similar in everyday life and when playing golf. More than one-third of the golfers (n=436; 37.3%) reported LBP in the preceding 7 days, while other frequently affected body parts were the shoulder and knee. Golfers with different skill level differed in age and most golf-related characteristics but not in prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal complaints. Golfers with and without LBP were similar in almost all variables. Golfers who performed prevention exercises (n=371; 27.1%) were older and had a higher prevalence of complaints.ConclusionThe prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal complaints in golfers were similar to the wider population. It seems that injury prevention exercises were implemented after injury, rather than as primary prevention. Prospective studies looking at the epidemiology of injury, risk factors and interventions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Murray
- University of Edinburgh Institute for Sport Physical Education and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK
| | | | - Patrick Gordon Robinson
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ben Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margo Lynn Mountjoy
- Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- International Golf Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lance Gill
- LG Performance, Oceanside, California, USA
- Titleist Performance Institute, Oceanside, California, USA
| | | | - Mike Voight
- Belmont University’s School of Physical Therapy, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Jacobsson J, Kowalski J, Timpka T, Hansson PO, Spreco A, Dahlstrom O. Universal prevention through a digital health platform reduces injury incidence in youth athletics (track and field): a cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:364-370. [PMID: 36564148 PMCID: PMC9985750 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether universal prevention via a digital health platform can reduce the injury incidence in athletics athletes aged 12-15 years and if club size had an influence on the effect of the intervention. METHODS This was a cluster randomised trial where young athletics athletes were randomised through their club following stratification by club size into intervention (11 clubs; 56 athletes) and control (10 clubs; 79 athletes) groups. The primary endpoint was time from baseline to the first self-reported injury. Intervention group parents and coaches were given access to a website with health information adapted to adolescent athletes and were encouraged to log in and explore its content during 16 weeks. The control group continued training as normal. Training exposure and injury data were self-reported by youths/parents every second week, that is, eight times. The primary endpoint data were analysed using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the second study aim with intervention status and club size included in the explanatory models. RESULTS The proportion of completed training reports was 85% (n=382) in the intervention group and 86% (n=545) in the control group. The injury incidence was significantly lower (HR=0.62; χ2=3.865; p=0.049) in the intervention group. The median time to first injury was 16 weeks in the intervention group and 8 weeks in the control group. An interaction effect between the intervention and stratification factor was observed with a difference in injury risk between athletes in the large clubs in the intervention group versus their peers in the control group (HR 0.491 (95% CI 0.242 to 0.998); p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS A protective effect against injury through universal access to health information adapted for adolescent athletes was observed in youth athletics athletes. The efficacy of the intervention was stronger in large clubs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03459313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jacobsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | | | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.,Medical Committee, Swedish Athletics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Armin Spreco
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Orjan Dahlstrom
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Varillas-Delgado D, Gutierrez-Hellín J, Maestro A. Genetic Profile in Genes Associated with Sports Injuries in Elite Endurance Athletes. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:64-71. [PMID: 35921847 DOI: 10.1055/a-1917-9212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Injuries are a complex trait that can stem from the interaction of several genes. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between muscle performance-related genes and overuse injury risk in elite endurance athletes, and to examine the feasibility of determining a total genotype score that significantly correlates with injury. A cohort of 100 elite endurance athletes (50 male and 50 female) was selected. AMPD1 (rs17602729), ACE (rs4646994), ACTN3 (rs1815739), CKM (rs8111989) and MLCK ([rs2849757] and [rs2700352]) polymorphisms were genotyped by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real time-PCR). Injury characteristics during the athletic season were classified following the Consensus Statement for injuries evaluation. The mean total genotype score (TGS) in non-injured athletes (68.263±13.197 arbitrary units [a.u.]) was different from that of injured athletes (50.037±17.293 a.u., p<0.001). The distribution of allelic frequencies in the AMPD1 polymorphism was also different between non-injured and injured athletes (p<0.001). There was a TGS cut-off point (59.085 a.u.) to discriminate non-injured from injured athletes with an odds ratio of 7.400 (95% CI 2.548-21.495, p<0.001). TGS analysis appears to correlate with elite endurance athletes at higher risk for injury. Further study may help to develop this as one potential tool to help predict injury risk in this population.
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Chimera NJ, Merasty D, Lininger MR. Injuries and Illnesses Across 10 Years of Canada Games Competitions: 2009 - 2019. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:1372-1382. [PMID: 36518838 PMCID: PMC9718729 DOI: 10.26603/001c.39743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Canada Games are a national level competition held every two years alternating between Summer and Winter Games. Participation in elite level athletics, like the Canada Games, have an inherent risk of injury and illness. Purpose To analyze the incidence and characteristics of injuries and illnesses during Canada Games competitions from 2009-2019 (primarily) and to understand sex differences in odds of musculoskeletal injury for Summer and Winter Canada Games athletes (secondarily). Study Design Descriptive Epidemiology Study. Methods Using a retrospective cohort, data were abstracted from medical incident reports generated during Canada Games from 2009 - 2019. Data were coded for body part injured and injury type or illness system; injuries were also categorized as acute or chronic. Results Across all 10 years of competition, 3160 injuries reported in 8710 male athletes and 3272 injuries reported in 8391 female athletes. Injury incidence was 362.8 and 389.9 and illness incidence was 47.8 and 64.5 per 1000 male and female athletes, respectively. Female athletes had a 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06; 1.19) greater odds of injury and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.20; 1.57) greater odds of illness compared to male athletes. Overall, injury (399.31 vs. 360.31; p < 0.001) and illness (68.67 vs. 47.30; p < 0.001) incidences were higher in Winter Games, compared to Summer Games, per 1000 athletes. When comparing male and female athletes participating in similar sports, sex specific differences exist in odds of both injury and illness. Conclusions Male and female athletes competing in Canada Games competitions demonstrate differences in injury and illness incidence and odds of injury. This suggests a need to examine if additional modifiable risk factors may exist, which could contribute to prevention strategies to reduce injury and illness during Canada Games competition. Level of Evidence 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica R Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training Northern Arizona University
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35
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Périard JD, DeGroot D, Jay O. Exertional heat stroke in sport and the military: epidemiology and mitigation. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1111-1121. [PMID: 36039024 PMCID: PMC9826288 DOI: 10.1113/ep090686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Exertional heat stroke epidemiology in sport and military settings, along with common risk factors and strategies and policies designed to mitigate its occurrence. What advances does it highlight? Individual susceptibility to exertional heat stroke risk is dependent on the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Heat policies in sport should assess environmental conditions, as well as the characteristics of the athlete, clothing/equipment worn and activity level of the sport. Exertional heat stroke risk reduction in the military should account for factors specific to training and personnel. ABSTRACT Exertional heat illness occurs along a continuum, developing from the relatively mild condition of muscle cramps, to heat exhaustion, and in some cases to the life-threatening condition of heat stroke. The development of exertional heat stroke (EHS) is associated with an increase in core temperature stemming from inadequate heat dissipation to offset the rate of metabolically generated heat. Susceptibility to EHS is linked to the interaction of several factors including environmental conditions, individual characteristics, health conditions, medication and drug use, behavioural responses, and sport/organisational requirements. Two settings in which EHS is commonly observed are competitive sport and the military. In sport, the exact prevalence of EHS is unclear due to inconsistent exertional heat illness terminology, diagnostic criteria and data reporting. In contrast, exertional heat illness surveillance in the military is facilitated by standardised case definitions, a requirement to report all heat illness cases and a centralised medical record repository. To mitigate EHS risk, several strategies can be implemented by athletes and military personnel, including heat acclimation, ensuring adequate hydration, cold-water immersion and mandated work-to-rest ratios. Organisations may also consider developing sport or military task-specific heat stress policies that account for the evaporative heat loss requirement of participants, relative to the evaporative capacity of the environment. This review examines the epidemiology of EHS along with the strategies and policies designed to reduce its occurrence in sport and military settings. We highlight the nuances of identifying individuals at risk of EHS and summarise the benefits and shortcomings of various mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien D. Périard
- Research Institute for Sport and ExerciseUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia
| | - David DeGroot
- Army Heat CenterMartin Army Community HospitalFort BenningGAUSA
| | - Ollie Jay
- Thermal Ergonomics LaboratoryHeat and Health Research IncubatorFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
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Nordstrøm A, Bahr R, Bache-Mathiesen LK, Clarsen B, Talsnes O. Association of Training and Game Loads to Injury Risk in Junior Male Elite Ice Hockey Players: A Prospective Cohort Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671221129646. [PMID: 36338353 PMCID: PMC9629576 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221129646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Training and game loads are potential risk factors of injury in junior elite ice hockey, but the association of training and game loads to injuries is unknown. Purpose To investigate the association of chronic training and game loads to injury risk in junior male elite ice hockey players. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we monitored all health problems among 159 male junior ice hockey players (mean age, 16 years; range, 15-19 years) at sports-specific high schools during the 2018-2019 school year. Players reported their health problems every week using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2). The number of training sessions and games was reported for 33 weeks. We calculated the previous 2-week difference in training/game loads as well as the cumulative training/game loads of the previous 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks and explored potential associations between training/game loads and injury risk using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results The players reported 133 acute injuries, 75 overuse injuries, and 162 illnesses in total, and an average of 8.8 (SD ±3.9) training sessions and 0.9 (SD ± 1.1) games per week. We found no association between the difference of the two previous weeks or the previous 2- 3- and 4-week cumulative, training or game load and acute injuries, nor the difference of the two previous weeks, or the previous 4- and 6-week cumulative, training or game load and overuse injuries (OR, ∼1.0; P > .05 in all models). Conclusion In the current study of junior elite ice hockey players, there was no evidence of an association between cumulative exposure to training/game loads and injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Nordstrøm
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena K. Bache-Mathiesen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Disease Burden Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Talsnes
- Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway
- Investigation performed at Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Edouard P, Junge A, Alonso JM, Timpka T, Branco P, Hollander K. Having an injury complaint during the four weeks before an international athletics (‘track and field’) championship more than doubles the risk of sustaining an injury during the respective championship: a cohort study on 1095 athletes during 7 international championships. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:986-994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Greenspan S, Munro D, Nicholas J, Stubbe J, Stuckey MI, Van Rijn RM. Circus-specific extension of the International Olympic Committee 2020 consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001394. [PMID: 36120108 PMCID: PMC9472167 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Indepth knowledge of injury and illness epidemiology in circus arts is lacking. Comparing results across studies is difficult due to inconsistent methods and definitions. In 2020, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus group proposed a standard method for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injuries and illnesses in sports and stated that sport-specific extension statements are needed to capture the context of each sport. This is the circus-specific extension to be used with the IOC consensus statement. International circus arts researchers in injury and illness epidemiology and performing arts medicine formed a consensus working group. Consensus statement development included a review of literature, creation of an initial draft by the working group, feedback from external reviewers, integration of feedback into the second draft and a consensus on the final document. This consensus statement contains circus-specific information on (1) injury definitions and characteristics; (2) measures of severity and exposure, with recommendations for calculating the incidence and prevalence; (3) a healthcare practitioner report form; (4) a self-report form capturing health complaints with training and performance exposure; and (5) a demographic, health history and circus experience intake questionnaire. This guideline facilitates comparing results across studies and enables combining data sets on injuries in circus arts. This guideline informs circus-specific injury prevention, rehabilitation, and risk management to improve the performance and health of circus artists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Greenspan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Samuel Merritt University, Oakland, California, USA.,Artletic Science, Oakland, California, USA
| | - David Munro
- National Institute of Circus Arts, Swinburne University of Technology - Prahran Campus, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,Absolute Physiotherapy, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanna Nicholas
- Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Janine Stubbe
- Codarts Rotterdam, University of the Arts, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Performing Artist and Athlete Research Lab (PEARL), Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Rotterdam Arts & Sciences Lab (RASL), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie I Stuckey
- Centre de recherche, d'innovation et de transfert en arts du cirque, École nationale de cirque, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rogier M Van Rijn
- Codarts Rotterdam, University of the Arts, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Performing Artist and Athlete Research Lab (PEARL), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Radel LC, Jones J, Garcia K, Soma D, Miller S, Sugimoto D. Pediatric Hurdle-Related Acute Injuries in Track and Field presenting to US Emergency Departments: Descriptive Epidemiology Study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022. [PMID: 36043997 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2120371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hurdling is a track event that is unique due to a combination of running and jumping over an apparatus. Since hurdling requires a special skillset with sprinting and jumping, athletes are at risk for various musculoskeletal injuries. However, there has been a paucity of studies describing the epidemiology of pediatric hurdle injuries. PURPOSE To examine hurdle-related injury types, injured body parts, injury mechanisms, and injury settings in children and adolescents. METHODS Descriptive epidemiology study. Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, which represents emergency room visits was retrospectively reviewed. Injury data involving hurdle injuries was searched during a 10-year period (2008-2017) with hurdlers 18 years of age and younger. Injuries were then classified based upon injury types, body parts, injury mechanisms, and injury settings. Descriptive statistics were used including mean ± standard deviation, frequency (N), and percentages (%). RESULTS A total of 749 hurdle-related injuries were found from 333 males (44.5%) and 416 females (55.5%). The top three injury types were traumatic fracture (N=218, 29.1%), joint sprain (N=191, 25.5%), and contusion/hematoma/bruise (N=78, 10.4%). The top three injured body parts were ankle (N=140, 18.7%), knee (N=120, 16.0%), and wrist (N=69, 9.2%). The most common injury mechanisms were apparatus-related trips, falls, and landings (N=594, 79.0%). Finally, injury settings consisted of track and field practices (N=469, 62.6%), track and field meets (N=96, 12.8%), and other settings including gym, physical education class, recess, school activities, and camps (N=49, 6.5%). CONCLUSION In pediatric hurdle athletes, the most prevalent injury type seen in the emergency room was fracture. Although most hurdle-related injuries occur in the lower extremity, injuries at the wrist were the 3rd most commonly injured body location. The most common injury mechanism was apparatus-related trip, fall, and landing, and injuries most commonly occurred during track practices. In pediatric hurdle athletes seen in the emergency room, majority of injuries consisted of traumatic fractures and joint sprains at ankle, knee, and wrist, which frequently occurred with apparatus-related trip, fall, and landing mechanisms during track and field practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Radel
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jacob Jones
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - David Soma
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shane Miller
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dai Sugimoto
- Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
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McAleer S, Macdonald B, Lee J, Zhu W, Giakoumis M, Maric T, Kelly S, Brown J, Pollock N. Time to return to full training and recurrence of rectus femoris injuries in elite track and field athletes 2010-2019; a 9-year study using the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1109-1118. [PMID: 35332596 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rectus femoris (RF) injuries are common in sports requiring maximal acceleration and sprinting. The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) describes acute muscle injury based on the anatomical site of injury and has been associated with return to play in hamstring and calf muscle injury. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the time to return to full training (TRFT) and injury recurrence for BAMIC-classified RF injuries sustained by elite track and field (T&F) athletes over a 9-year period. All rectus femoris injuries sustained by elite T&F athletes on the British Athletics World Class Program between September 2010 and September 2019 that were investigated with an MRI within 7 days of acute onset anterior thigh pain were included. Injuries were graded from the MRI by a specialist musculoskeletal radiologist using the BAMIC, and TRFT and injury recurrence were determined by evaluation of the Electronic Medical Record. Athlete demographics and World Athletics event discipline were recorded. Specific injury details including mechanism, location of injury, and whether surgical or rehabilitation management was undertaken were recorded. There were 38 RF injuries in 27 athletes (24.7 ± 2.3 years; 10 male, 17 female). Average TRFT for rehabilitation managed cases was 20.4 ± 14.8 days. Grade 1 injuries had significantly shorter TRFT compared with grades 2 (p = 0.04) and 3 (p = 0.01). Intratendinous (c) and surgically managed RF injuries each had significantly longer TRFT compared with other injury classes (p < 0.001). Myofascial (a) injuries had reduced repeat injury rates compared with b or c classes (p = 0.048). Grade 3 injuries had an increased repeat injury rate compared with other grades (p = 0.02). There were 4 complete (4c) proximal free tendon injuries sustained during sprinting and all in female athletes. The average TRFT for RF injuries in elite T&F is similar to that previously identified in elite football and Australian Rules. Similar to previous research in hamstring and calf injury, RF injuries extending into the tendon (BAMIC class c) had delayed TRFT which may reflect the longer duration required for tendon healing and adaptation. Grade 3 injuries had in increased repeat injury rate compared with grades 1 and 2. The BAMIC diagnostic framework may provide useful information for clinicians managing rectus femoris injuries in T&F.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Macdonald
- Wolverhampton Wanderers Football Club, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Tanya Maric
- Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Noel Pollock
- University College London, London, UK.,The Royal Ballet, London, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, London, UK
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Establishing the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness in Australian sailing athletes over a full year of training and competition to help determine prevention priorities. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:726-731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Injuries in Judo Athletes With Disabilities: Prevalence, Magnitude, and Sport-Related Mechanisms. J Sport Rehabil 2022; 31:904-910. [PMID: 35508305 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The participation of judo athletes with disabilities in competitions has increased over the years as well as the burden of sports-related injuries and illnesses in this population. However, there is limited knowledge about sports-related injuries in judo athletes with different disabilities. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of injuries in judo athletes with disabilities, considering the different impairment groups, magnitude of injury (ie, mechanism, nature, and severity of injury), and specific body parts. DESIGN Cross-sectional study (level of evidence, 3). SETTING Brazilian Judo athletes with disabilities. PATIENTS Fifty-one judo athletes with disabilities (15 men and 36 women) participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data were obtained from an adapted injury report form. The prevalence of injuries was assessed, considering type of impairment, body parts, mechanisms, and severity as well as differences between male and female athletes, with the significance level set at P < .05. RESULTS The results demonstrated a high prevalence of injuries in female athletes with visual impairment (n = 11, 73.3%) and male athletes with amputations (n = 14, 38.8%). A high prevalence was found in the national group, especially for male athletes (n = 29, 80.5%). Among athletes who had injuries, 69.4% (n = 12) of male and 80.0% (n = 25) of female athletes' injuries occurred due to direct contact with other athletes, and 72.2% (n = 26) of male and 86.6% (n = 13) of female athletes' injuries were in the training environment. The magnitude of injuries ranged from moderate to severe for male and female athletes. The knee (n = 25, 49.0%) and shoulder (n = 12, 23.5%) were the body parts most affected by injuries in both male and female athletes. CONCLUSION A large percentage of judo athletes with disabilities reported experiencing an injury during the previous 2 years; percentages were greater in athletes with visual and physical impairment. Moreover, most injuries occurred in the knee or shoulder, during training, and in direct contact with other athletes and were of severe magnitude.
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Chapon J, Navarro L, Edouard P. Relationships Between Performance and Injury Occurrence in Athletics (Track and Field): A Pilot Study on 8 National-Level Athletes From Sprints, Jumps and Combined Events Followed During at Least Five Consecutive Seasons. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:852062. [PMID: 35603263 PMCID: PMC9114639 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.852062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Performance success or failure in athletics (Track and Field) and the capacity to succeed are driven at the adult level, like in other sports, by many factors, injury being one of them. More information regarding the potential relationships between performance and injuries in athletics is needed. Objective To analyse the potential association between performance and occurrence of injuries in national-level athletics athletes from sprints, jumps and combined events through several seasons. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of performance and injury data collected prospectively in 8 national-level athletics athletes followed during at least five consecutive seasons from 2009 to 2019. For each athlete, injuries data [total injuries (injuries) and time-loss injuries (TLI)] were collected by the same sports medicine physician throughout the study period using a medical attention injury definition. Performances during official competitions were collected on the French Federation of Athletics website, and included (i) any participation in national championships, (ii) any participation in an international competition (i.e., being national team member for an international competition), (iii) any podium at the national championships, (iv) any podium at an international competition, and (v) performance metrics normalised to the world record (WR) of the respective athletics speciality (%WR). For each athlete, we performed a descriptive analysis of the performances and injuries. We also performed four binomial logistic regressions with (1) national championships participation (yes/no) or (2) international competition participation (yes/no) as dependent variables, and injuries (yes/no) or TLI (yes/no) as independent variables, adjusted for individual athlete and number of seasons, and in models on participation in international competitions, was also adjusted for national championship participation (yes/no), with Odd Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Among the 8 national-level athletics athletes included in the present study, cumulated 155 injuries, including 52 TLI (33.5%). There was an average of 2.7 ± 1.7 injuries and 0.9 ± 0.6 TLI per athlete per season over the study period. The occurrence of injuries was significantly associated with higher odds of national championships participation (OR = 4.85 [95% CI 3.10 to 3050.5], p = 0.021). The occurrence of TLI was significantly associated with higher odds of national championships participation (OR = 133.6 [95% CI 4.92 to 14251.5], p = 0.013). The occurrence of injuries or TLI were associated with insignificantly lower odds of international championships participation. Conclusions Our present pilot study confirms that injuries are part of an athletes' life. The occurrence of at least one injury was associated with higher odds of participation in a national championship, whereas the absence of at least one injury was associated with higher odds of participation in an international championship. We hypothesised that the length of the season can play a role in the risk of injury occurrence, but if the athlete wants to reach his/her highest level, decreasing the risk of injuries seems to be of importance. Despite the caution that should be taken in the interpretation of our results, our present study confirms the interest and relevance of injury risk reduction approach in athletics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Chapon
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France
- *Correspondence: Joris Chapon
| | - Laurent Navarro
- Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Étienne, France
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Imminent topics in cardiac screening and injury recording. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:279-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kelly S, Pollock N, Polglass G, Clarsen B. Injury and Illness in Elite Athletics: A Prospective Cohort Study Over Three Seasons. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:420-433. [PMID: 35391874 PMCID: PMC8975568 DOI: 10.26603/001c.32589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Athletics (also known as track and field) is one of the most popular sports in the world and is the centrepiece of the Summer Olympic Games. Participation in athletics training and competition involves a risk of illness and injury. Purpose To describe injury and illness in British Olympic track and field athletes over three full training and competition seasons. Study Design Descriptive Epidemiology Study. Methods A total of 111 athletes on the British national program were followed prospectively for three consecutive seasons between 2015-2018. Team medical personnel recorded all injuries and illnesses during this time, following current consensus-based methods. All data pertaining to these records were reviewed and analyzed for sports injury and illness epidemiological descriptive statistics. Results The average age of the athletes was 24 years for both males and females (24 years, +/- 4). Total exposure for the three seasons was 79 205 athlete days (217 athlete years). Overuse injuries (56.4%) were more frequent than acute injuries (43.6%). The thigh was the most common injury location (0.6 per athlete year), followed by the lower leg (0.4 per athlete year) and foot (0.3 per athlete year). Muscle and tendon were the most commonly injured tissues, while strains and tears were the most common pathology type. Hamstring muscle strain was the most common diagnosis causing time loss, followed by Achilles tendinopathy and soleus muscle strain. Respiratory illness was the most common illness type (0.3 per athlete year). Conclusion Hamstring strains, Achilles tendinopathy, and soleus strains are the most common injuries in athletics and have highest burden. Respiratory illness is the most common illness and has the highest burden. Knowledge of this injury and illness profile within athletics could be utilised for the development of targeted prevention measures within the sport at the elite level. Level of Evidence 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Kelly
- Ballet Healthcare, The Royal Ballet, London, UK
| | - Noel Pollock
- British Athletics, National Performance Institute, Loughborough, UK; Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, London, UK
| | - George Polglass
- British Athletics, National Performance Institute, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ben Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
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Lambert C, Reinert N, Stahl L, Pfeiffer T, Wolfarth B, Lachmann D, Shafizadeh S, Ritzmann R. Epidemiology of injuries in track and field athletes: a cross-sectional study of specific injuries based on time loss and reduction in sporting level. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:20-29. [PMID: 33290132 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1858701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prevent the occurrence of injury in a sport, exact knowledge of injury patterns is needed. To synthesize sport-specific injuries in track and field comparing elite and recreational level athletes, as well as gender. Furthermore, analyze the time loss due to injury and reduction in athletic performance. METHODS Injury type-specific frequencies were recorded according to discipline, gender and performance level. Injury severity was assessed by time loss duration and performance reduction. RESULTS 64% of athletes suffered at least one injury. In the top 10 ranking, 83% (n = 524) were located in the lower extremities. A muscle strain of the thigh had the highest prevalence in sprint (34%, n = 41), jump (15%, n = 15) and middle-distance running (16%, n = 6). More injuries occurred during training (75%, n = 165) as compared to competition (25%, n = 56). The longest time loss was documented in throwing with a downtime of 36 weeks after a ligament injury of the elbow and 39 weeks after a muscle injury of the elbow. The injury with the highest number of athletes with a reduced level of performance was the foot ligament injury in sprint athletes at 100%. CONCLUSION Assessing time loss and performance reduction in athletics, there are discipline-specific injury patterns. This study points out the high prevalence of training injuries, highlighting the need for future investigations to adapt training management, improve medical care and rehabilitation with respect to every discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lambert
- Department of Experimental Sports Traumatology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Biomechanics and Performance Diagnostics, Praxisklinik Rennbahn AG, Muttenz, Switzerland.,Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, Cologne, Germany
| | - Noémie Reinert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Linda Stahl
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Sana Dreifaltigkeits-Krankenhaus Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeiffer
- Department of Experimental Sports Traumatology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Sciences, Division of Sports Medicine, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lachmann
- Vice-Rectorate for Teaching and Studies Central Evaluation of Studies and Teaching, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Shafizadeh
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Sana Dreifaltigkeits-Krankenhaus Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ramona Ritzmann
- Department of Biomechanics and Performance Diagnostics, Praxisklinik Rennbahn AG, Muttenz, Switzerland
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Nordstrøm A, Bahr R, Clarsen B, Talsnes O. Association Between Preseason Fitness Level and Risk of Injury or Illness in Male Elite Ice Hockey Players: A Prospective Cohort Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671221076849. [PMID: 35224120 PMCID: PMC8873563 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221076849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between physical fitness and the risk of injury or illness in ice hockey. The least-fit players may be more prone to injury and illness. PURPOSE To examine the association between preseason fitness level and injury or illness risk among elite ice hockey players during the regular season. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS A total of 133 male ice hockey players in the GET League (the premier professional league in Norway) completed 8 different exercises (40-m sprint, countermovement jump, 3000-m run, squat, bench press, chin-ups, brutal bench, and box jump) at the annual 1-day preseason testing combine. During the 2017-2018 competitive season, the players reported all health problems (acute injuries, overuse injuries, and illnesses) weekly (31 weeks) using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems. RESULTS Overall, the players reported 191 acute injuries, 82 overuse injuries, and 132 illnesses. The least-fit tercile of players did not report more health problems (mean, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.2-3.8) compared with the most-fit (mean, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.6-4.2) or the medium-fit (mean, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.9-3.5) players. The most-fit players reported more substantial health problems (mean, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.5) compared with the medium-fit (mean, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8 -1.8) and least-fit (mean, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.3) (P = .02) players. There was no association between low physical fitness and number of health problems when comparing the least-fit tercile of the players with the rest of the cohort (P > .05); however, there was an association between low physical fitness and greater severity of all health problems when comparing the least-fit tercile of players to the rest of the cohort after adjusting for time on ice per game, playing position, and age (P = .02). CONCLUSION Low physical fitness was not associated with increased rate of injury or illness but was associated with greater severity of all health problems after adjusting for time on ice per game, playing position, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Nordstrøm
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Disease Burden Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Talsnes
- Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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McBride C, Bronner S. Injury characteristics in professional modern dancers: A 15-year analysis of work-related injury rates and patterns. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:821-837. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2021030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stannard J, Finch CF, Fortington LV. Improving musculoskeletal injury surveillance methods in Special Operation Forces: A Delphi consensus study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000096. [PMID: 36962170 PMCID: PMC10021797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injury mitigation is a priority in military organisations to protect personnel health and sustain a capable workforce. Despite efforts to prevent injury, inconsistencies exist in the evidence used to support these activities. There are many known limitations in the injury surveillance data reported in previous Special Operation Forces (SOF) research. Such studies often lack accurate, reliable, and complete data to inform and evaluate injury prevention activities. This research aimed to achieve expert consensus on injury surveillance methods in SOF to enhance the quality of data that could be used to inform injury prevention in this population. A Delphi study was conducted with various military injury surveillance stakeholders to seek agreement on improving surveillance methods in SOF. Iterative questionnaires using close and open-ended questions were used to collect views about surveillance methods related to injury case definitions and identifying essential and optional data requirements. Consensus was predefined as 75% group agreement on an item. Sixteen participants completed two rounds of questionnaires required. Consensus was achieved for 17.9% (n = 7) of questions in the first-round and 77.5% (n = 38) of round two questions. Several challenges for surveillance were identified, including recording injury causation, SOF personnel's injury reporting behaviours influencing accurate data collection, and surveillance system infrastructure limitations. Key military injury surveillance stakeholders support the need for improved data collection to enhance the evidence that underpins injury prevention efforts. The consensus process has resulted in preliminary recommendations to support future SOF injury surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Stannard
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Lauren V Fortington
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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Tohiditabar F, Sayyah M, Pourabbasi M. Case series of sudden death in sports from the year 2004 to 2020 in the city of Kashan, Iran: An education prospective. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_120_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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