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Hajek A, Becher H, Brenner H, Holleczek B, Katzke V, Kaaks R, Minnerup H, Karch A, Baurecht H, Leitzmann M, Peters A, Gastell S, Ahrens W, Haug U, Nimptsch K, Pischon T, Michels KB, Dorrn A, Klett-Tammen CJ, Castell S, Willich SN, Keil T, Schipf S, Meinke-Franze C, Harth V, Obi N, König HH. Personality and the use of cancer screenings - Results of the German National Cohort. Prev Med Rep 2024; 41:102677. [PMID: 38533391 PMCID: PMC10963220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association between personality characteristics and use of different cancer screenings. Methods We used data from the German National Cohort (NAKO; mean age was 53.0 years (SD: 9.2 years)) - a population-based cohort study. A total of 132,298 individuals were included in the analyses. As outcome measures, we used (self-reported): stool examination for blood (haemoccult test, early detection of bowel cancer), colonoscopy (screening for colorectal cancer), skin examination for moles (early detection of skin cancer), breast palpation by a doctor (early detection of breast cancer), x-ray examination of the breast ("mammography", early detection of breast cancer), cervical smear test, finger examination of the rectum (early detection of prostate cancer), and blood test for prostate cancer (determination of Prostate-Specific Antigen level). The established Big Five Inventory-SOEP was used to quantify personality factors. It was adjusted for several covariates based on the Andersen model. Unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regressions were computed. Results A higher probability of having a skin examination for moles, for example, was associated with a higher conscientiousness (OR: 1.07, p < 0.001), higher extraversion (OR: 1.03, p < 0.001), higher agreeableness (OR: 1.02, p < 0.001), lower openness to experience (OR: 0.98, p < 0.001) and higher neuroticism (OR: 1.07, p < 0.001) among the total sample. Depending on the outcome used, the associations slightly varied. Conclusions Particularly higher levels of extraversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness are associated with the use of different cancer screenings. Such knowledge may help to better understand non-participation in cancer screening examinations from a psychological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Minnerup
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Gastell
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Haug
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Biobank Technology Platform, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin B. Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Dorrn
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Castell
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Stefan N. Willich
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health I, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
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Nabizadeh F. COVID-19 vaccine-hesitancy is associated with lower cortical volume in elderly individuals. NEUROLOGY LETTERS 2023; 2:35-41. [PMID: 38327486 PMCID: PMC10847881 DOI: 10.52547/nl.2.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Background According to a large number of scientific reports, the main problem is COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy which slowed down the vaccination program. Previous studies revealed that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with lower cognitive performance. However, the neurobiology of such behavior is less known, and investigating the brain structural patterns in this regard can extend our knowledge on the basis of this behavior. This study aimed to investigate the link between brain structural features including cortical and subcortical volume with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in elderly individuals. Methods A total of 221 healthy subjects without any cognitive impairment with a mean age of 63.7 ± 6.1 were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Overall, 87 vaccine-hesitant (VH) and 134 vaccine-accepted (VA) were entered into this study. The difference in the volume of cortical and subcortical regions was investigated between VH and VA groups. Results There was no significant difference in cognitive status measured by MMSE, MoCA, ADAS-cog, and RAVLT between VA and VH groups (P>0.05). The analysis showed that VA subjects had significantly higher left pars orbitalis (P: 0.013), left precentral (P: 0.042), right caudal anterior cingulate (P: 0.044), and right isthmus cingulate (P: 0.013) volume compared to the VH group. There was no significant difference in other cortical and subcortical regions. Conclusion In conclusion, this finding demonstrated that in the era of complicated decision-making due to social media reports, elderly adults with smaller frontal and cingulate regions are more likely to be vaccine-hesitant. These findings can highlight the link between cortical regions and health-protective behaviors such as taking up the offer of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Nabizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li Y, Cheng L, Guo L, Zhu L, Zhao H, Zhang C, Shen M, Liu Y, Jawad MY, Li L, Wang W, Lu C, McIntyre RS. Mediating role of personality traits in the association between multi-dimensional adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms among older adults: A 9-year prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:167-174. [PMID: 36963513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the mediating role of personality traits in the correlation between multi-dimensional adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depressive symptoms in older adults. METHODS This cohort study used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and included 4050 older adults without depressive symptoms in 2010-2011. Multi-dimensional ACEs were evaluated in 2006-2007. Personality traits were assessed using the Midlife Development Inventory in 2010-2011. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale during 2012-2019. Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore the associations between ACEs and depressive symptoms. The package named "mediation" in R was used to test mediating role of personality traits. RESULTS ACEs in each dimension significantly increased the risk of depressive symptoms (all P-values < 0.05). The association of maltreatment (18.18 %) and household dysfunction (19.69 %) with depressive symptoms was significantly mediated by neuroticism. The correlation between poor parent-child bonding and depressive symptoms was significantly mediated by neuroticism (19.43 %), conscientiousness (4.84 %), and extroversion (8.02 %). LIMITATIONS ACEs were retrospectively assessed based on participants' memories, which may induce recall bias. CONCLUSIONS Maltreatment and household dysfunction may induce depressive symptoms by increasing neuroticism. Poor parent-child bonding may induce depressive symptoms by increasing neuroticism and reducing conscientiousness and extraversion. In addition to reducing the occurrence of ACEs, reducing neuroticism of individuals with maltreatment and household dysfunction in childhood, and reducing neuroticism, and increasing conscientiousness and extraversion of individuals with poor parent-child bonding in childhood might help to decrease their risk of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwan Zhu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manjun Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Youshay Jawad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bülow Therkildsen S, Larsen PT, Njor S. Subsequent participation in organized FIT based screening following screen-derived colonoscopy - A Danish nationwide cohort study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102125. [PMID: 36816764 PMCID: PMC9929440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the Danish National Colorectal Cancer (CRC) screening program, participants with screen-detected low-risk adenomas are invited to a new faecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening after two years. However, participation rate in next FIT screening is unknown. We aimed to investigate this subsequent participation rate within the Danish CRC screening program. Methods This nationwide register-based study included participants aged 50-72 years registered with FIT screening in the Danish CRC screening program between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017. Participants were included if their index FIT was negative or if it was positive and the subsequent colonoscopy detected low-risk adenomas. Invitees were categorized as subsequent participants if they returned a FIT within 135 days following the invitation to screening. We estimated the relative risk for participation depending on screening outcome, age, and sex. Result 415,107 with a negative result and 5,550 with low-risk adenomas were included. 86.0% (85.9;86.1) of the invitees with a negative result participated in the subsequent screening, while 71.8% (70.6;73.0) of the invitees with low-risk adenomas participated subsequently. The risk of participation in the subsequent screening was significantly lower among all age groups of men and women with low-risk adenomas compared to similar groups with negative results. Conclusion Invitees with low-risk adenomas detected at their initial colonoscopy are less likely to participate in the subsequent screening than invitees with negative results. This association was found in all age groups and for both sexes. Further studies are necessary to assess whether non-attendance is more pronounced in specific subgroups.
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Key Words
- Adenomas
- Adherence
- CI, Confidence Interval
- CRC, Colorectal cancer
- CRN, Civil register number
- Colonoscopy
- Colorectal cancer screening
- Colorectal neoplasm
- DCCG, The Danish Colorectal Cancer register
- DCCSD, Database for Colorectal cancer screening
- DCR, The Danish Cancer Registry
- DNPR, The National Patient Register
- FAP, Familial adenomatous polyposis
- FIT, Fecal Immunochemical Test
- IBD, Inflammatory bowel database
- ICD, International Classification of Diseases
- Mass screening
- Participation
- RR, Relative risk
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Bülow Therkildsen
- University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, Skovlyvej 15, 8930 Randers NØ, Denmark,Corresponding authors.
| | - Pernille Thordal Larsen
- University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, Skovlyvej 15, 8930 Randers NØ, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark,Corresponding authors.
| | - Sisse Njor
- University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, Skovlyvej 15, 8930 Randers NØ, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Dong Z, Xie T. How to know who you are through your short video selfies?-Capturing personality via short video selfies. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1072344. [PMID: 36949915 PMCID: PMC10025304 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1072344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extant literature has accumulated enormous knowledge on personality prediction from digital records on social networking sites (e.g., photo selfies). However, little is known about how short video selfies reflect their owner's personality and how people judge others' personalities from short video selfies. Taking short video selfies is very popular today; many people are willing to share their short video selfies with others. Based on the lens model theory, it is expected that one's personality is associated with short video selfies. By analyzing 177 Chinese TikTok (Douyin in China) users' short video selfies and their Big Five personalities, it showed that specific cues in short video selfies related to agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. But only extraversion could be predicted by short video selfies accurately. This study is the first to reveal personality-related cues in short video selfies and has practical implications for both short video platforms and their users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Dong
- Department of Psychology, Philosophy School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Psychology, Philosophy School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Xie,
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Personality traits and mental health care utilization: Longitudinal findings from the MIDUS. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022; 99:104260. [PMID: 36793507 PMCID: PMC9928170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Underutilization of mental health services is prevalent in the U.S., and an understanding of utilization patterns can inform interventions to enhance treatment use. The current study investigated longitudinal associations between changes in mental health care utilization (MHCU) and Big Five personality traits. Data included three waves (4,658 adult participants) of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study. 1,632 participants provided data at all three waves. Second-order latent growth curve models showed that MHCU level predicted an increase in emotional stability, and emotional stability level predicted a decrease in MHCU. Increases in emotional stability, extraversion, and conscientiousness predicted decreases in MHCU. These results indicate that personality is associated with MHCU over time and may inform interventions to increase MHCU.
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Kehagia AA, North TK, Grose J, Jeffery AN, Cocking L, Chapman R, Carroll C. Enhancing Trial Delivery in Parkinson’s Disease: Qualitative Insights from PD STAT. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1591-1604. [PMID: 35466952 PMCID: PMC9398073 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recruitment and retention of participants in clinical trials for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is challenging. A qualitative study embedded in the PD STAT multi-centre randomised controlled trial of simvastatin for neuroprotection in PD explored the motivators, barriers and challenges of participants, care partners and research staff. Objective: To outline a set of considerations informing a patient-centred approach to trial recruitment, retention, and delivery. Method: We performed semi-structured interviews and focus groups with a subset of trial participants and their care partners. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained through surveys circulated among the 235 participants across 23 UK sites at the beginning, middle and end of the 2-year trial. We also interviewed and surveyed research staff at trial closure. Results: Twenty-seven people with PD, 6 care partners and 9 researchers participated in interviews and focus groups. A total of 463 trial participant survey datasets were obtained across three timepoints, and 53 staff survey datasets at trial closure. Trial participants discussed the physical and psychological challenges they faced, especially in the context of OFF state assessments, relationships, and communication with research staff. Care partners shared their insights into OFF state challenges, and the value of being heard by research teams. Research staff echoed many concerns with suggestions on flexible, person-centred approaches to maximising convenience, comfort, and privacy. Conclusion: These considerations, in favour of person-centred research protocols informed by the variable needs of participants, care partners and staff, could be developed into a set of recommendations for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie A. Kehagia
- University College Hospital, University London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Tracie K. North
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Jane Grose
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | | | - Laura Cocking
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Rebecca Chapman
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Camille Carroll
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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Fawns-Ritchie C, Price J, Deary IJ. Association of functional health literacy and cognitive ability with self-reported diabetes in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058496. [PMID: 36691240 PMCID: PMC9171267 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether functional health literacy and cognitive ability were associated with self-reported diabetes. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Data were from waves 2 (2004-2005) to 7 (2014-2015) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a cohort study designed to be representative of adults aged 50 years and older living in England. PARTICIPANTS 8669 ELSA participants (mean age=66.7, SD=9.7) who completed a brief functional health literacy test assessing health-related reading comprehension, and 4 cognitive tests assessing declarative memory, processing speed and executive function at wave 2. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Self-reported doctor diagnosis of diabetes. RESULTS Logistic regression was used to examine cross-sectional (wave 2) associations of functional health literacy and cognitive ability with diabetes status. Adequate (compared with limited) functional health literacy (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.84) and higher cognitive ability (OR per 1 SD=0.73, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.80) were associated with lower odds of self-reporting diabetes at wave 2. Cox regression was used to test the associations of functional health literacy and cognitive ability measured at wave 2 with self-reporting diabetes over a median of 9.5 years follow-up (n=6961). Adequate functional health literacy (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.77) and higher cognitive ability (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.85) at wave 2 were associated with lower risk of self-reporting diabetes during follow-up. When both functional health literacy and cognitive ability were added to the same model, these associations were slightly attenuated. Additionally adjusting for health behaviours and body mass index fully attenuated cross-sectional associations between functional health literacy and cognitive ability with diabetes status, and partly attenuated associations between functional health literacy and cognitive ability with self-reporting diabetes during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Adequate functional health literacy and better cognitive ability were independently associated with lower likelihood of reporting diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackie Price
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Fawns-Ritchie C, Miller CB, van der Pol M, Douglas E, Bell D, O'Carroll RE, Deary IJ. Psychological correlates of free colorectal cancer screening uptake in a Scottish sample: a cross-sectional observational study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e042210. [PMID: 35105557 PMCID: PMC8808413 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake in Scotland is 56%. This study examined whether psychological factors were associated with CRC screening uptake. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING This study used data from the Healthy AGeing In Scotland (HAGIS) pilot study, a study designed to be representative of Scottish adults aged 50 years and older. PARTICIPANTS 908 (505 female) Scottish adults aged 50-80 years (mean age=65.85, SD=8.23), who took part in the HAGIS study (2016-2017). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported participation in CRC screening was the outcome measure. Logistic regression was used to test whether scores on measures of health literacy, cognitive ability, risk aversion, time preference (eg, present oriented or future oriented) and personality were associated with CRC screening when these psychological factors were entered individually and simultaneously in the same model. RESULTS Controlling for age, age-squared, sex, living arrangement, and sex*living arrangement, a one-point increase in risk aversion (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.85) and present orientation (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.94) was associated with reduced odds of screening. Higher scores on health literacy (OR per one-point increase=1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.31), cognitive ability (OR per SD increase=1.51, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.81) and the intellect personality trait (OR per one-point increase=1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) were associated with increased odds of screening. Higher risk aversion was the only psychological variable that was associated with CRC screening participation when all psychological variables were entered in the same model and remained associated with CRC screening when additionally adjusting for deprivation and education. A backward elimination model retained two psychological variables as correlates of CRC screening: risk aversion and cognitive ability. CONCLUSION Individuals who are more risk averse are less likely to participate in free, home CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elaine Douglas
- Division of Economics, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David Bell
- Division of Economics, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Young B, Robb KA. Understanding patient factors to increase uptake of cancer screening: a review. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3757-3775. [PMID: 34378403 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of cancer through organized screening is a central component of population-level strategies to reduce cancer mortality. For screening programs to be effective, it is important that those invited to screening participate. However, uptake rates are suboptimal in many populations and vary between screening programs, indicating a complex combination of patient factors that require elucidation to develop evidence-based strategies to increase participation. In this review, the authors summarize individual-level (sociodemographic and psychosocial) factors associated with cancer screening uptake and evidence for the effectiveness of behavioral interventions to increase uptake. The authors reflect on current trends and future directions for behavioral cancer screening research to overcome challenges and address unmet needs in reducing cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Young
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
| | - Kathryn A Robb
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
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Batty GD, Deary IJ, Fawns-Ritchie C, Gale CR, Altschul D. Pre-pandemic cognitive function and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: cohort study. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:100-105. [PMID: 34022372 PMCID: PMC8133799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas several predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been reported, the role of cognitive function is largely unknown. Accordingly, our objective was to evaluate the association between scores from an array of cognitive function tests and self-reported vaccine hesitancy after the announcement of the successful testing of the first COVID-19 vaccine (Oxford University/AstraZeneca). METHODS We used individual-level data from a pandemic-focused study ('COVID Survey'), a prospective cohort study nested within United Kingdom Understanding Society ('Main Survey'). In the week immediately following the announcement of successful testing of the first efficacious inoculation (November/December 2020), data on vaccine intentionality were collected in 11,740 individuals (6702 women) aged 16-95 years. Pre-pandemic scores on general cognitive function, ascertained from a battery of six tests, were captured in 2011/12 wave of the Main Survey. Study members self-reported their intention to take up a vaccination in the COVID-19 Survey. RESULTS Of the study sample, 17.2% (N = 1842) indicated they were hesitant about having the vaccine. After adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity, study members with a lower baseline cognition score were markedly more likely to be vaccine hesitant (odds ratio per standard deviation lower score in cognition; 95% confidence interval: 1.76; 1.62, 1.90). Adjustment for mental and physical health plus household shielding status had no impact on these results, whereas controlling for educational attainment led to partial attenuation but the probability of hesitancy was still elevated (1.52; 1.37, 1.67). There was a linear association for vaccine hesitancy across the full range of cognition scores (p for trend: p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Erroneous social media reports might have complicated personal decision-making, leading to people with lower cognitive ability being vaccine-hesitant. With individuals with lower cognition also experiencing higher rates of COVID-19 in studies conducted prior to vaccine distribution, these new findings are suggestive of a potential additional disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- G David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Catharine R Gale
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK; Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Drew Altschul
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Batty GD, Deary IJ. Predicting COVID-19 vaccine take-up: Moving beyond demographics. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:17-18. [PMID: 33781865 PMCID: PMC7997898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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13
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Bahat E. The Big Five personality traits and adherence to breast cancer early detection and prevention. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Batty GD, Deary IJ, Fawns-Ritchie C, Gale CR, Altschul D. Pre-pandemic Cognitive Function and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Cohort Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.03.16.21253634. [PMID: 33791726 PMCID: PMC8010758 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.16.21253634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Whereas several predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been examined, the role of cognitive function following the widely publicised development of an inoculation is unknown. Objective To test the association between scores from an array of cognitive function tests and self-reported vaccine hesitancy after the announcement of the successful testing of the Oxford University/AstraZeneca vaccine. Design Setting and Participants We used individual-level data from a pandemic-focused study (COVID Survey), a prospective cohort study nested within Understanding Society (Main Survey). In the week immediately following the announcement of successful testing of the first efficacious inoculation (November/December 2020), data on vaccine intentionality were collected in 11740 individuals (6702 women) aged 16-95. Pre-pandemic scores on general cognitive function, ascertained from a battery of six tests, were captured in 2011/12 wave of the Main Survey. Measurements Self-reported intention to take up a vaccination for COVID-19. To summarise our results, we computed odds ratios with accompanying 95% confidence intervals for general cognitive function adjusted for selected covariates. Results Of the study sample, 17.2% (N=1842) indicated they were hesitant about having the vaccine. After adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity, study members with a lower baseline cognition score were markedly more likely to be vaccine hesitant (odds ratio per standard deviation lower score in cognition; 95% confidence interval: 1.76; 1.62, 1.90). Adjustment for mental and physical health plus household shielding status had no impact on these results, whereas controlling for educational attainment led to partial attenuation but the probability of hesitancy was still elevated (1.52; 1.37, 1.67). There was a linear association for vaccine hesitancy across the full range of cognition scores (p for trend: p<0.0001). Limitations Our outcome was based on intention rather than behaviour. Conclusions Erroneous social media reports might have complicated personal decision-making, leading to people with lower cognitive ability test scores being vaccine-hesitant. With people with lower cognition also experiencing higher rates of COVID-19 in studies conducted prior to vaccine distribution, these new findings are suggestive of a potential additional disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- G David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Catharine R Gale
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Drew Altschul
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Hajek A, Kretzler B, König HH. Personality and the use of cancer screenings. A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244655. [PMID: 33370379 PMCID: PMC7769487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No systematic review exists synthesizing studies examining the association between personality factors and use of cancer screenings. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of empirical findings from observational studies investigating the link between personality factors (in terms of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness to experience) and use of cancer screenings. METHODS Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL were searched using predefined search terms. Observational studies examining the link between personality factors and use of cancer screenings using validated tools were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers. RESULTS In total, n = 11 studies were included in our systematic review. There is mostly inconclusive evidence regarding the link between agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience and the use of cancer screenings. Clearer evidence was identified for an association between increased extraversion and an increased use of cancer screenings. Moreover, the majority of studies identified a link between increased conscientiousness and an increased use of cancer screenings. DISCUSSION Studies indicate that personality factors, particularly an increased extraversion and increased conscientiousness, are associated with an increased use of cancer screenings. This knowledge may be beneficial to address individuals at risk for underuse. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020176830.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kretzler
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Rashidi Fakari F, Mohammadzadeh F, Rashidi Fakari F, Saei Ghare Naz M, Ozgoli G. The prediction of cervical cancer screening beliefs based on big five personality traits. Nurs Open 2020; 7:1173-1178. [PMID: 32587737 PMCID: PMC7308704 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study was designed with the aim to predict Pap smear screening beliefs based on Big Five personality traits. Design The present cross-sectional study was conducted with 235 women over 18 years of age in Tehran (Iran) in 2018. Methods The data collection tools included the demographic information questionnaire, Pap Smear Belief Questionnaire (PSBQ) and the 10-item measure of the Big Five personality traits. Results People with Agreeableness personality trait were more faced with risks and Barriers and factors associated with Pap smear screening beliefs; and those with Conscientiousness personality trait were more faced with risks and Barriers. Results of the present study can help to understand how the personality affects decision-making and interactions. Therefore, consequences of counselling about screening beliefs and behavioural changes can be improved by personality-based education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari
- Student Research CommitteeDepartment of Reproductive HealthSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farnaz Mohammadzadeh
- Student Research CommitteeDepartment of Reproductive HealthSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fahimeh Rashidi Fakari
- Student Research CommitteeDepartment of Reproductive HealthSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Student Research CommitteeDepartment of Reproductive HealthSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Giti Ozgoli
- Student Research CommitteeDepartment of Reproductive HealthSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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17
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Giulietti MV, Vespa A, Ottaviani M, Berardi R, Balercia G, Arnaldi G, Gattafoni P, Fabbietti P, Rosa MD, Spatuzzi R. Personality (at Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Level) Associated With Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer (Lung and Colon). Cancer Control 2020; 26:1073274819880560. [PMID: 31775525 PMCID: PMC6883362 DOI: 10.1177/1073274819880560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the association of quality of life
(QoL) and intrapsychic and interpersonal behaviors (Structural Analysis of
Social Behavior [SASB]) of patients with cancer (lung: n = 88; age 62.8 ± 10.1;
colon: n = 56; age 60.1 ± 11.4). Personality described by SASB clusters (Cls):
SASB-Questionnaire; QoL tests: FACT_G and QLQ-C30. Patients with lung cancer (n
= 88; age 62.8 ± 10.1) and colon cancer (n = 56; age 60.1 ± 11.4; all stages of
severity). Multiple regression analyses. Multiple linear regression: dependent
variable: FACT_G; covariates: physical functioning, cognitive functioning,
SASB-Cl3-50°, SASB-Cl6-50°. Analysis of variance and t test
confirm validity of the model (P < .001). SASB-Cl3 with
FACT_G (P = .034); SASB-Cl6 with FACT_G (P =
.002); age with FACT_G (P = .018); physical functioning with
FACT_G (P < .001); cognitive functioning with FACT_G
(P < .001). Personality traits such as self-critical and
oppressive behaviors, low capacity for self-esteem, physical and cognitive
functioning, and age (a higher age determines a better QoL) strongly determine
QoL in patients with lung and colon cancer. This may suggest areas of
therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Velia Giulietti
- Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Vespa
- Scientific and Technological Area, Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marica Ottaviani
- Department of Neurology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Department of Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arnaldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pisana Gattafoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Science and Health on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Rosa
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute of Science and Health on Aging, Ancona, Italy
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Ackerman LS, Chopik WJ. Individual differences in personality predict the use and perceived effectiveness of essential oils. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229779. [PMID: 32163451 PMCID: PMC7067385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oil (EO) use is growing in popularity and ostensibly used for treating or preventing various ailments or conditions. Despite the increase in use, there is a paucity of research on psychosocial predictors of EO use and their perceived effectiveness. However, several psychosocial characteristics are associated with health-promoting behavior and a tendency to believe in homeopathic cures. In the current study, we examined a variety of individual differences in the use and perceived effectiveness of essential oils in a sample of 1,202 participants (Mage = 31.33, SD = 13.77; 61.7% women, 75.6% Caucasian). We found that receptivity to pseudo-profound fabricated statements and religiosity were the most consistent predictors of greater use of, perceived effectiveness of, and a willingness to spend more money on EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S. Ackerman
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - William J. Chopik
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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19
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Niedzwiedz CL, Robb KA, Katikireddi SV, Pell JP, Smith DJ. Depressive symptoms, neuroticism, and participation in breast and cervical cancer screening: Cross-sectional and prospective evidence from UK Biobank. Psychooncology 2019; 29:381-388. [PMID: 31663185 PMCID: PMC7002161 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To assess the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between depressive symptoms, neuroticism, and participation in breast and cervical screening in the UK. Methods Women in the UK Biobank cohort with complete data who were eligible for breast cancer screening (aged 50‐70 years, N = 143 461) and/or cervical screening (<65 years, N = 141 753) at baseline recruitment (2006‐2010) and those with follow‐up data (2014‐2019) were identified (N = 11 050 and N = 9780 for breast and cervical screening). Depressive symptoms and neuroticism were self‐reported at baseline (range 0‐12 with higher scores reflecting greater severity). Primary outcomes were reporting being up to date with breast and cervical screening. For prospective analyses, patterns of screening participation from baseline to follow‐up were identified. Logistic regression was used to analyse associations, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results More severe depressive symptoms were associated with reduced likelihood of breast (OR = 0.960, 95% CI: 0.950,0.970) and cervical (OR = 0.958, 95% CI: 0.950,0.966) screening participation, in cross‐sectional analyses. Higher neuroticism scores were associated with reduced cervical screening participation, but the opposite was found for breast cancer screening. Examination of individual neuroticism items revealed that anxiety and worry were associated with increased breast screening. At follow‐up, higher baseline depressive symptoms were related to decreased cervical screening (OR = 0.955, 95% CI: 0.913,0.999), but not with breast screening. Conclusions More severe depressive symptoms may be a barrier for breast and cervical screening and could be an indicator for more proactive strategies to improve uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn A Robb
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Bremer D, Lüdecke D, von dem Knesebeck O. Social Relationships, Age and the Use of Preventive Health Services: Findings from the German Ageing Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214272. [PMID: 31689892 PMCID: PMC6862648 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the associations between social relationships, age and the use of preventive health services among German adults. Data stem from the German Ageing Survey (10,324 respondents). The use of preventive health services was assessed by asking for regular use of flu vaccination and cancer screening in the past years. Predictors of interest were structural (having a partner, size of the social network) and functional aspects of social relationships (perceived informational support) and age. Logistic regression models were used to measure the associations between preventive health services use and these predictors. Self-perceived health, gender and education were considered as covariates. Having a partner (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07-1.34) and perceived informational support (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13-1.69) were associated with a higher probability of getting flu vaccination regularly over the past years. Informational support (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.17-1.72) and having a partner (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.41-1.75) were positively associated with regular cancer screening over the past years. Associations between the size of the social network and use of preventive health services were not statistically significant. Associations between the use of preventive health services and social relationships varied by age. Structural and functional aspects of social relationships may support preventive health behavior. To increase preventive health behavior and the use of preventive health services, it is necessary to integrate information on social relationships into routine care and to strengthen sources of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bremer
- Department of Medical Psychology & Center for Health Care Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Lüdecke
- Department of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf von dem Knesebeck
- Department of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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21
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Selva A, Torà N, Pascual E, Espinàs JA, Baré M. Effectiveness of a brief phone intervention to increase participation in a population-based colorectal cancer screening programme: a randomized controlled trial. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:1120-1129. [PMID: 31099455 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although colorectal cancer (CRC) screening reduces mortality and morbidity the uptake in target populations is suboptimal. The aim was to assess whether adding a brief phone intervention to the usual invitation process increases participation in a CRC screening programme based in Catalonia. METHOD This was a non-blinded prospective randomized control study of patients eligible for their first CRC screening test (immunochemical faecal occult blood test). Between March and December 2017, 512 invitees (age range 50-69 years) were randomized to receiving either a brief informative phone call prior to receiving the standard screening invitation (letter and informative brochure) or the standard screening invitation alone. The primary outcome was participation in the screening programme at 6 months. RESULTS In all, 492/512 patients (54.7% women; 45.3% men) could be analysed (239/256 intervention group; 253/256 control group). On an intention to treat basis, the intervention group (55% women; 45% men) saw an 11% increase in the participation rate (51.05% vs 40.32%, P = 0.017). The intervention was more effective in male patients (50.93% vs 33.91%, P = 0.01) and those patients aged between 50 and 54 years (54.32% vs 37.77%, P = 0.03). After adjusting for sex, age and geographic area, the benefit of the intervention remained statistically significant (adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.20). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that a brief, informative intervention by phone in addition to the usual invitation process is effective in increasing participation in a CRC screening programme. It may be a useful strategy to improve uptake in groups which are less likely to participate in CRC screening (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03082911).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Selva
- Clinical Epidemiology and Cancer Screening, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain.,Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Barcelona, Spain.,Emergent Research Group CRiSP (Chronicity and Public Health) SGR 662, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Preventive Medicine at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Torà
- Clinical Epidemiology and Cancer Screening, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain.,Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Barcelona, Spain.,Emergent Research Group CRiSP (Chronicity and Public Health) SGR 662, Catalonia, Spain.,Clinical Research Unit, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Spain
| | - E Pascual
- Clinical Epidemiology and Cancer Screening, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - J A Espinàs
- Catalan Cancer Plan, Catalan Health Government, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - M Baré
- Clinical Epidemiology and Cancer Screening, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain.,Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Barcelona, Spain.,Emergent Research Group CRiSP (Chronicity and Public Health) SGR 662, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Preventive Medicine at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Aschwanden D, Gerend MA, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Personality traits and preventive cancer screenings in the Health Retirement Study. Prev Med 2019; 126:105763. [PMID: 31260725 PMCID: PMC6810562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Five-Factor model of personality has been associated with a wide range of health behaviors and health outcomes. However, few studies have examined whether personality traits are related to cancer screening in older adults. The present study investigated the cross-sectional associations between personality traits and the probability of obtaining a recent preventive screening for breast, cervical, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Participants from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 14,394, Mage = 68.14 years, range = 50-102 years, 58.6% female) completed a personality inventory and reported on cancer screenings in the 2010-2012 assessment. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data, including age, race, ethnicity, gender, education, income, and wealth as covariates. Higher conscientiousness was associated with a higher likelihood of obtaining breast, cervical, and prostate screening. Higher extraversion was related to higher odds of breast, cervical, and colorectal screening. Higher neuroticism was linked to higher odds of colorectal screening, and conscientiousness moderated the link between neuroticism and cervical screening. These associations were significant in models that accounted for demographic and socioeconomic factors. The effect sizes were in the range of a 10-20% higher likelihood of cancer screening for 1 SD difference in personality. The present findings suggest that conscientiousness and extraversion were related to preventive cancer screenings, whereas neuroticism, openness and agreeableness were largely unrelated to the likelihood of such screenings. If these results are further replicated, health policy makers may consider personality traits when planning and implementing screening recommendations to improve preventive medicine.
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24
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Genetic Contributions to Health Literacy. Twin Res Hum Genet 2019; 22:131-139. [PMID: 31250787 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2019.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Higher health literacy is associated with higher cognitive function and better health. Despite its wide use in medical research, no study has investigated the genetic contributions to health literacy. Using 5783 English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) participants (mean age = 65.49, SD = 9.55) who had genotyping data and had completed a health literacy test at wave 2 (2004-2005), we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of health literacy. We estimated the proportion of variance in health literacy explained by all common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Polygenic profile scores were calculated using summary statistics from GWAS of 21 cognitive and health measures. Logistic regression was used to test whether polygenic scores for cognitive and health-related traits were associated with having adequate, compared to limited, health literacy. No SNPs achieved genome-wide significance for association with health literacy. The proportion of variance in health literacy accounted for by common SNPs was 8.5% (SE = 7.2%). Greater odds of having adequate health literacy were associated with a 1 standard deviation higher polygenic score for general cognitive ability [OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.26, 1.42)], verbal-numerical reasoning [OR = 1.30, 95% CI (1.23, 1.39)], and years of schooling [OR = 1.29, 95% CI (1.21, 1.36)]. Reduced odds of having adequate health literacy were associated with higher polygenic profiles for poorer self-rated health [OR = 0.92, 95% CI (0.87, 0.98)] and schizophrenia [OR = 0.91, 95% CI (0.85, 0.96)). The well-documented associations between health literacy, cognitive function and health may partly be due to shared genetic etiology. Larger studies are required to obtain accurate estimates of SNP-based heritability and to discover specific health literacy-associated genetic variants.
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25
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Nolan A, McCrory C, Moore P. Personality and preventive healthcare utilisation: Evidence from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Prev Med 2019; 120:107-112. [PMID: 30660708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is extensive empirical evidence that personality is associated with many outcomes and behaviours, such as educational outcomes, labour market participation, savings behaviour, health behaviours, physical health status and mortality. Use of preventive healthcare services (e.g., vaccinations, screening, etc.) is a potential pathway explaining the link between personality and health, and is an important component of healthy ageing. We examine the association between personality traits (the 'Big Five') and a variety of preventive healthcare utilisation measures in the older population. Using data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), we estimate Poisson models of preventive healthcare utilisation (influenza vaccination, blood cholesterol test, breast lump check, mammogram, prostate examination, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test). We find that openness to experience is a significant predictor of breast lump check and mammogram in women aged 65+ after adjustment for other confounders and multiple hypothesis testing. While uptake of many preventive healthcare services remains below national recommendations for the older population, with the exception of breast lump checks and mammograms for women aged 65+, we find little evidence to link this heterogeneity in uptake to personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nolan
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland; The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cathal McCrory
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Moore
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Perestelo-Perez L, Rivero-Santana A, Torres-Castaño A, Ramos-Garcia V, Alvarez-Perez Y, Gonzalez-Hernandez N, Buron A, Pignone M, Serrano-Aguilar P. Effectiveness of a decision aid for promoting colorectal cancer screening in Spain: a randomized trial. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019; 19:8. [PMID: 30630487 PMCID: PMC6327535 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has shown to reduce incidence and mortality rates, and therefore is widely recommended for people above 50 years-old. However, despite the implementation of population-based screening programs in several countries, uptake rates are still low. Decision aids (DAs) may help patients to make informed decisions about CRC screening. METHODS We performed a randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a DA developed to promote CRC screening, with patients from two primary care centers in Spain who never had underwent CRC screening. Contrary to center B (n = 24), Center A (n = 83) attended patients from an area where the population-based screening program was not implemented at that moment. Outcome measures were decisional conflict, knowledge of the disease and available screening options, intention to uptake the test, and concordance between patients' goals/concerns and intention. RESULTS In center A, there were significant differences favoring the DA in decisional conflict (p < 0.001) and knowledge (p < 0.001). The absolute differences favoring DA group in intention to undergo fecal occult blood test (10.5%) and colonoscopy (13.7%) were significant only before correction for attenuation. In center B the differences were significant only for knowledge (p < 0.001). Patients' goals and concerns regarding the screening did not significantly predict their intention, and therefore we could not calculate a measure of concordance between the two constructs. CONCLUSIONS A DA improved the decisional process of participants who had never been invited to participate in the Spanish public CRC screening program, replicating previous results in this field. Future research is needed to identify subgroups that could benefit more from these interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Registered Clinical/social Study Number: ISRCTN98108615 (Retrospectively registered on 27 December 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilisbeth Perestelo-Perez
- Evaluation Unit of the Canary Islands Health Service (SESCS), s/n. 38109. El Rosario. S/C de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain.
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Tenerife, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Tenerife, Spain.
- Canary Islands Foundation of Health Research (FUNCANIS), Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Amado Rivero-Santana
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Tenerife, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Tenerife, Spain
- Canary Islands Foundation of Health Research (FUNCANIS), Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nerea Gonzalez-Hernandez
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Tenerife, Spain
- Research Unit. Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Andrea Buron
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Tenerife, Spain
- Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit. Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Serrano-Aguilar
- Evaluation Unit of the Canary Islands Health Service (SESCS), s/n. 38109. El Rosario. S/C de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Tenerife, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Tenerife, Spain
- Canary Islands Foundation of Health Research (FUNCANIS), Tenerife, Spain
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Zhang Y, Bao HG, Lv YL, Si YN, Han L, Wang HY, Gao YJ, Jiang WQ, Zhang C. Risk factors for early postoperative cognitive dysfunction after colorectal surgery. BMC Anesthesiol 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 30621601 PMCID: PMC6325738 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is correlated with the degeneration of the central nervous system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine and immune dysfunction. Increased age, predisposed comorbidity, long surgery time, and prolonged stay in the intensive care unit have been reported to be risk factors for developing POCD for cardiac surgery. In the present study, the risk factors of early POCD after colorectal surgery were investigated. Methods Eighty patients, who provided informed consents for their participation in this study, were enrolled and received colorectal surgery under general anesthesia. Neuropsychological tests were performed preoperatively and on postoperative day seven. The risk factors for POCD were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results Nineteen patients were diagnosed with POCD (24.7%). Diabetes history (OR = 8.391 [2.208–31.882], P = 0.012), fasting over 3 days after surgery (OR = 5.236 [1.998–13.721], P = 0.001) and an SIRS score of > 3 on the second day after surgery (OR = 6.995 [1.948–25.111], P = 0.003) were risk factors for early POCD in colorectal cancer patients. Conclusion The risk factors for early POCD after colorectal surgery included diabetes history, fasting over 3 days, and an SIRS score of > 3 on the second day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Hong-Guang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Yun-Luo Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yan-Na Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Liu Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yu-Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Wei-Qing Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
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Fawns-Ritchie C, Starr JM, Deary IJ. Health literacy, cognitive ability and smoking: a cross-sectional analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023929. [PMID: 30368451 PMCID: PMC6224719 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We used logistic regression to investigate whether health literacy and cognitive ability independently predicted whether participants have ever smoked and, in ever smokers, whether participants still smoked nowadays. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING This study used data from Wave 2 (2004-05) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, which is a cohort study of adults who live in England and who, at baseline, were aged 50 years and older. PARTICIPANTS 8734 (mean age=65.31 years, SD=10.18) English Longitudinal Study of Ageing participants who answered questions about their current and past smoking status, and completed cognitive ability and health literacy tests at Wave 2. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measures were whether participants reported ever smoking at Wave 2 and whether ever smokers reported still smoking at Wave 2. RESULTS In models adjusting for age, sex, age left full-time education and occupational social class, limited health literacy (OR=1.096, 95% CI 0.988 to 1.216) and higher general cognitive ability (OR=1.000, 95% CI 0.945 to 1.057) were not associated with reporting ever smoking. In ever smokers, limited compared with adequate health literacy was associated with greater odds of being a current smoker (OR=1.194, 95% CI 1.034 to 1.378) and a 1 SD higher general cognitive ability score was associated with reduced odds of being a current smoker (OR=0.878, 95% CI 0.810 to 0.951), when adjusting for age, sex, age left full-time education and occupational social class. CONCLUSIONS When adjusting for education and occupation variables, this study found that health literacy and cognitive ability were independently associated with whether ever smokers continued to smoke nowadays, but not with whether participants had ever smoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Heiman H, Keinki C, Huebner J. EHealth literacy in patients with cancer and their usage of web-based information. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1843-1850. [PMID: 30006768 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to learn more about the association between the sources of information cancer patients and caregivers use and their eHealth literacy. METHODS We distributed a standardized questionnaire among participants of a lecture program on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). RESULTS Among 182 attendants, the Internet was the third most important source of information (57%), preceded by the oncologist (67%) and print media (61%). Print media was associated with female participants and web-based information with younger ones. Regarding eHealth literacy, more than half (58.5%) had an above average eHEALS score. Nevertheless, the biggest concern was not being able to differentiate between reliable and not reliable websites. The correlation between a high eHealth literacy and regular search of web-based cancer information was significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The number of people using the Internet as a source of cancer information has increased over the past years and will rise in the future. However, only half of the population has the knowledge and capability to access and differentiate the massive web-based data. Improving eHealth literacy within the public will expand the knowledge of regular patients and help them become a well-informed and equal partner in decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Heiman
- Medizinische Klinik II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Keinki
- Medizinische Klinik II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jutta Huebner
- Medizinische Klinik II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Azucar D, Marengo D, Settanni M. Predicting the Big 5 personality traits from digital footprints on social media: A meta-analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anwar SL, Tampubolon G, Van Hemelrijck M, Hutajulu SH, Watkins J, Wulaningsih W. Determinants of cancer screening awareness and participation among Indonesian women. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:208. [PMID: 29506486 PMCID: PMC5838961 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer screening awareness and participation may be lower in low- and middle-income countries that lack established national screening programmes compared with those that do. We evaluated potential determinants of awareness about and participation in breast and cervical cancer screening, and breast self-examination (BSE) in women using survey data from Indonesia. Methods From the fifth Indonesian Family Life Survey (2014–2015), a total of 5397 women aged 40 and older without any history of cancer who responded to questionnaires concerning Pap smears, mammography, and BSE were included. Multilevel modelling was used to assess potential determinants in relation to awareness about Pap smears and mammography, and participation in Pap smears and BSE practice. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of cancer screening. Results Of the 5397 respondents, 1058 (20%) women were aware of Pap smears, of which 297 had never had the procedure. Only 251 (5%) participants were aware of mammography. A total of 605 (12%) of women reported they performed BSE. Higher education and household expenditure were consistently associated with higher odds of awareness about Pap smears and mammography (e.g. odds ratio [OR] of being aware of Pap smear and mammography: 7.82 (95% CI: 6.30–9.70) and 7.70 (6.19–9.58), respectively, for high school graduates compared to women with less educational attainment in the multivariable models), and participation in Pap smears and BSE. We also identified enabling factors linked with greater cancer screening awareness and participation, including health insurance, shorter distance to health services, and social participation. Conclusion There are socioeconomic disparities in cancer screening awareness and participation among Indonesian women. Our findings may help inform targeted health promotion and screening for cancer in the presence of limited resources. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4125-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumadi L Anwar
- Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,PILAR Research and Education, 20 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2JD, UK
| | - Gindo Tampubolon
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Susanna H Hutajulu
- Division of Medical Haematology and Oncology Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Johnathan Watkins
- PILAR Research and Education, 20 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2JD, UK
| | - Wahyu Wulaningsih
- PILAR Research and Education, 20 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2JD, UK. .,MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, Place London WC1B 5JU, Bedford, 33, UK.
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Costa S, Barberis N, Larcan R, Cuzzocrea F. The incremental role of trait emotional intelligence on perceived cervical screening barriers. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2018; 23:880-890. [PMID: 29436238 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1437278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have become increasingly interested in investigating the role of the psychological aspects related to the perception of cervical screening barriers. This study investigates the influence of trait EI on perceived cervical screening barriers. Furthermore, this study investigates the incremental validity of trait EI beyond the Big Five, as well as emotion regulation in the perceived barrier towards the Pap test as revealed in a sample of 206 Italian women that were undergoing cervical screening. Results have shown that trait EI is negatively related to cervical screening barriers. Furthermore, trait EI can be considered as a strong incremental predictor of a woman's perception of screening over and above the Big Five, emotion regulation, age, sexual intercourse experience and past Pap test. Detailed information on the study findings and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Costa
- a Department of Psychology , Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham , UK
| | - Nadia Barberis
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Rosalba Larcan
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Francesca Cuzzocrea
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
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Batty GD, Zaninotto P, Watt RG, Bell S. Associations of pet ownership with biomarkers of ageing: population based cohort study. BMJ 2017; 359:j5558. [PMID: 29237607 PMCID: PMC5728306 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j5558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prospective relation between animal companionship and biomarkers of ageing in older people. DESIGN Analyses of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, an ongoing, open, prospective cohort study initiated in 2002-03. SETTING Nationally representative study from England. PARTICIPANTS 8785 adults (55% women) with a mean age of 67 years (SD 9) at pet ownership assessment in 2010-11 (wave 5). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Established biomarkers of ageing in the domains of physical, immunological, and psychological function, as assessed in 2012-13 (wave 6). RESULTS One third of study members reported pet ownership: 1619 (18%) owned a dog, 1077 (12%) a cat, and 274 (3%) another animal. After adjustment for a range of covariates, there was no evidence of a clear association of any type of pet ownership with walking speed, lung function, chair rise time, grip strength, leg raises, balance, three markers of systemic inflammation, memory, or depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION In this population of older adults, the companionship of creatures great and small seems to essentially confer no relation with standard ageing phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London, UK
| | - Paola Zaninotto
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London, UK
| | - Richard G Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London, UK
| | - Steven Bell
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Nomura S, Tsubokura M, Ozaki A, Murakami M, Hodgson S, Blangiardo M, Nishikawa Y, Morita T, Oikawa T. Towards a Long-Term Strategy for Voluntary-Based Internal Radiation Contamination Monitoring: A Population-Level Analysis of Monitoring Prevalence and Factors Associated with Monitoring Participation Behavior in Fukushima, Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040397. [PMID: 28397769 PMCID: PMC5409598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Following Japan’s 2011 Fukushima nuclear incident, we assessed voluntary-based monitoring behavior in Minamisoma City—located 10–40 km from the Fukushima nuclear plant—to inform future monitoring strategies. The monitoring in Minamisoma included occasional free of charge internal-radiation-exposure measurements. Out of around 70,000 individuals residing in the city before the incident, a total of 45,788 residents (female: 52.1%) aged ≥21 were evaluated. The monitoring prevalence in 2011–2012 was only 30.2%, and this decreased to 17.9% in 2013–2014. Regression analyses were performed to estimate factors associated with the monitoring prevalence and participation behavior. The results show that, in comparison with the age cohort of 21–30 years, the cohort of 71–80 and ≥81 years demonstrated significantly lower monitoring prevalence; female residents had higher monitoring prevalence than male residents; those who were living in evacuation zones at the time of the incident had higher monitoring prevalence than those who lived outside any of the evacuation zones; for those living outside Fukushima and neighboring Prefectures post-incident monitoring prevalence decreased significantly in 2013–2014. Our findings inform the discussion on the concepts of radiation risk perception and accessibility to monitoring and societal decision-making regarding the maintenance of the monitoring program with low monitoring prevalence. We also stress the possibility that the monitoring can work both to check that internal contamination levels are within acceptable limits, and as a risk communication tool, alleviating individuals’ concern and anxiety over radiation contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Protection, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, 2-54-6 Takami-cho, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, 2-54-6 Takami-cho, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan.
| | - Michio Murakami
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295.
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Susan Hodgson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Marta Blangiardo
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Yoshitaka Nishikawa
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Morita
- Department of Radiation Protection, Soma Central Hospital, 3-5-18 Okinouchi, Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Oikawa
- Department of Radiation Protection, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, 2-54-6 Takami-cho, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan.
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Kahlbaugh P, Huffman L. Personality, Emotional Qualities of Leisure, and Subjective Well-Being in the Elderly. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2016; 85:164-184. [PMID: 28019121 DOI: 10.1177/0091415016685329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined personality traits of older adults and their emotional experiences associated with engaging in specific leisure activities. Older individuals (17 males, 32 females), ages ranging from 65 to 97 years (mean age 74), completed measures of Big Five personality traits, positive and negative affect, subjective well-being (SWB), independent functioning, and an emotion-activity inventory. As expected, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience were related to positive affect, while Neuroticism was related to negative affect. Openness and Agreeableness were related to positive emotions experienced in social and cognitive domains, and Agreeableness was related to greater SWB, greater positive affect, and more positively experienced activities. Neuroticism was related to lower SWB and fewer positively experienced activities. These findings suggest that assessing the fit between personality and emotions experienced during activities should be considered when creating programs tailored to elderly individuals, with the goal of encouraging more active and rewarding lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kahlbaugh
- 1 Psychology Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Loreen Huffman
- 2 Psychology Department, Missouri Southern State University, Joplin, MO, USA
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López-Torres Hidalgo J, Rabanales Sotos J, Simarro Herráez MJ, López-Torres López J, Campos Rosa M, López Verdejo MÁ. Effectiveness of three interventions to improve participation in colorectal cancer screening. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2016; 108:315-22. [PMID: 27055722 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2016.4048/2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening varies widely among different countries and different socio-demographic groups. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of three primary-care interventions to increase CRC screening participation among persons over the age of 50 years and to identify the health and socio-demographic-related factors that determine greater participation. METHODS We conducted a randomized experimental study with only one post-test control group. A total of 1,690 subjects were randomly distributed into four groups: written briefing; telephone briefing; an invitation to attend a group meeting; and no briefing. Subjects were evaluated 2 years post-intervention, with the outcome variable being participation in CRC screening. RESULTS A total of 1,129 subjects were interviewed. Within the groups, homogeneity was tested in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and health-related variables. The proportion of subjects who participated in screening was: 15.4% in the written information group (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.2-19.7); 28.8% in the telephone information group (95% CI: 23.6-33.9); 8.1% in the face-to-face information group (95% CI: 4.5-11.7); and 5.9% in the control group (95% CI: 2.9-9.0), with this difference proving statistically significant (p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that only interventions based on written or telephone briefing were effective. Apart from type of intervention, number of reported health problems and place of residence remained in the regression model. CONCLUSIONS Both written and telephone information can serve to improve participation in CRC screening. This preventive activity could be optimized by means of simple interventions coming within the scope of primary health-care professionals.
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Solmi F, Von Wagner C, Kobayashi LC, Raine R, Wardle J, Morris S. Decomposing socio-economic inequality in colorectal cancer screening uptake in England. Soc Sci Med 2015; 134:76-86. [PMID: 25917138 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest cause of cancer death in the UK. Since 2010, CRC screening based on Faecal Occult Blood testing has been offered by the NHS in England biennially to all persons age 60-69 years. Several studies have demonstrated a gradient in uptake using area-level markers of socio-economic status (SES), but few have examined the individual-level contributors to the gradient. We aimed to quantify the extent of SES inequality in CRC screening uptake in England using individual-level data, and to identify individual factors associated with this inequality. We used data from 1833 participants (aged 61-69) in Wave 5 (collected in years 2010/11) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) eligible for having been sent at least one CRC screening invitation. Uptake was defined by self-report of ever having been screened as part of the National Screening Programme. We assessed socio-economic inequality using the corrected concentration index of uptake against SES rank, which was derived by regressing a range of SES markers against net non-pension household wealth. Other demographic and health-related variables were included in the analysis. Factors associated with inequality were measured using concentration index decomposition. There was a significant pro-rich gradient in screening uptake (concentration index: 0.16, 95% CI:0.11-0.22), mostly explained within our model by differences in non-pension wealth (38.7%), partner screening status (15.9%), sickness/disability (13.5%), and health literacy (8.5%). Interventions aimed at reducing inequalities in CRC screening uptake should focus on improving acceptability of screening in populations with low levels of education and literacy barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Solmi
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Christian Von Wagner
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lindsay C Kobayashi
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rosalind Raine
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jane Wardle
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen Morris
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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